КККК КККК КК ЖАЖА Ж ЖИА ЖЕЖ КККК
12 >< р р = ә. 1
ЕЕЕ OID III OIDIDIDIDIDIDI III ODIO OOO OO III IOI OIIOIOIIOIO
JUNE "86 NEWSLETTER OF THE
ж 1.50
AGG 222222222222 ELE E EEE ELEC E IDIDIDI IDI DIDIDIOI IOI ЖК
VANCOUVER SINCLAIR USERS GROUP
ЖЖЖЖ Ж Ж
EERE EER EE EEE EE EEE E EDE E E BE E E E E EEE EEE g'e
с Next Meeting: ; Д-Т Lise Қ
ж ж —
* KILLARNY COMMUNITY CENTRE x T
*
A 6260 KILLARNY ST., VANC
* *
ж JUNE 13, 7:00 PM ж
ж ж
* THIS WILL ВЕ OUR LAST MEETING *
ч BEFORE THE SUMMER BREAK к
LEE SESE ELSES SESE SS ESS SSCS E E SSE ЖЖЖ КККК
ZXAPPEAL IS A MONTHLY
NEWSLETTER PUT OUT BY THE
VANCOUVER SINCLAIR USERS GROUP.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE
CLUB AND ZXAPPEAL SEE THE BACKCOVER.
News
Reviews
Programs
Sir Clive Sinclair
STEP RIGHT UP FOLKS ...........
........МЕ EDITOR IN THE BARREL
Well, I guess it's my turn. As
most of you know, we held our
infamous "Annual Elections" a
short time ago. Somehow I came
out of it all not only holding
down the Treasurer's spot but was
also delighted to find I was now
the Newsletter Editor. I
immediately headed for the land
down under hopeing for a miracle
but no such luck. Many thanks to
Arbie for getting the last two
issues out on short notice but now
I guess it's my turn. Bear with
me folks I'm new to the game.
The April meeting was a bit ofa
blur --- jet lag and all, but I
seem to recall about 35 or so
bodies turned out. Wilf R. spoke
about the exotic doodads he and
his cohorts are almost ready to
release to the eager masses.
Harvey had a few words about QL
` doings. John mentioned the latest
goodies he has on the shelf
available to all who have a little
extra folding green. I told all
about the Sinclair scene in
Australia --- more later in this
issue. Ken A. brought along a
most fascinating display of REAL
HONEST MOON ROCKS!! We seem to
grow more complacent with each new
advance in technology. I don't
know about you guys but stuff like
this blows me away. To think
twenty years ago that stuff was on
the moon and now we had it right
in front of us. Many thanks Ken.
I suppose everyone is still not
too sure how the dust will settle
after the big 'Sinclair Sellout'.
Well the general concensus of
thought around the other user
groups is that the Amstrad buyout
will be a GOOD thing in the long
run. Amstrad has the best
computer marketing savy in Britain
while Sinclair was the most
innovative. Now these two firms
have just become one. Could be
veeery interesting.
Anyone out there speak Spanish?
We've received a copy of the 30
page newsletter of the "Grupo
Usarios T/S de Mexico". Looks
great with lots of good stuff
inside -- I think. I don't speak
Spanish.
FIRST THE: BAD NEWS <0 00 04s sawed ces
We're having a small problem with
MONEY. We don't have any, well
almost none. We need to have
everyone pay their membership fees
when due. I'm married to someone
in the photocopying business and
will be able to print the
newsletter at almost по cost other
than my time and labour but the
postage must still be paid. After
long and deep consideration the
Executive has decided from this
point on two changes are going to
be instituted. Fees will be
annual with everyone's due at the
same time. All memberships will
expire December 3lst. Those
members renewing for a partial
year so as to coincide with the
others will pay $1.25 per month
for how many months are required.
Secondly, newsletters will only be
sent out to paid up members. Sorry
folks but we can't afford to give
anything away any longer. Also
it's not fair to those members who
keep themselves paid up.
NOW FOR THE GOOD NEWS........
Remember the T/C 2068? That's
right, the 2068/Spectrum hybid
from Portugal. Well it's had some
slight changes and is again
available in North America. Now
it's ‘called the Timex 2048 & looks
like a T/S 2068 without the
cartridge port. Timex ROM,
Spectrum edge connector, but also
added is a Kempston compatible
joystick port. Also now available
is a new 1500 -- all black case
with a silver keyboard. That's
Cont., g
т OF page Із. а 5
SINCLAIR DOWN UNDER
„«»» о» о ә ө ө ө ө э ө ө ө ө ooo es ROA Humphreys
As most of you know, I hung upside
down for five weeks recently.
Australia is a beautiful place--
and I don't just mean the ladies
and the beer. The economy is
booming, the sunshine is great,
the beaches are fantastic, the
natives are VERY friendly, and the
beer is TERRIFIC. And they also
have Sinclair computers. Two and
a half years ago, when I was last
there, the shops were jammed with
Spectrums. Now I'm afraid to say
the big seller is the Amstrad.
Anyway, the 'Speccy' is still very
popular. Before leaving home I
looked up the name and number of
the President of the Western
Australia Sinclair User's Group in
an old ZX Computing. Upon arrival
Garth Gregson put me onto the
current Pres - Ralph Bailey. Both
Garth and Ralph invited me over to
see their respective set-ups but
time did not allow. I was able to
attend their group's April 23rd
meeting located in a community
centre much like our own venue but
much more modern. The W.A. user's
group raises funds by raffleing
off to the members, at a buck a
ticket, hardware purchased by the
club for evaluation purposes.
Ralph introduced me to the 40 or
so members present (out of a paid
up membership of over 90) and
said that as I was a visitor he
would have me pick the lucky
number for the current raffle for
an Interface III. He remarked that
this way if I picked his number
everyone would know all was on the
up and up. So guess who's number
86 picked. Everyone booed and
yelled fix but what could I say.
Their meeting was much like
ours...first half business,
second half taken with,
the
НУНУН
1
demonstrations in three corners
while a basic course carried on in
а small ante room. One of the
programs demoed enabled a Spectrun
to be connected to a good quality
short wave radio and decode not
only Morse Code but also RTTY
(Radio Teletype) and SSTV (Slow
Scan T.V.). Very impressive. I
have a Morse decoder for the 1000
but this was quite superior. The
other program demoed was ARTWORX.
VERY impressive. The meeting then
broke up into the usual scattered
conversations. I had some very
interesting and informative chats
with various members and traded
addresses for later
corressponding. I was givena
copy of each of their last two
“newsletters and passed them one
each of our last half dozen
editions. It's nice to know that
even on the other side of the
globe one can find an immediate
common ground with a bunch of guys
very much the same as the guys in
our club.
> ғ 50 м 39
HAV-INFO HAS INFO
You modem'ers might try a new
board now on-line in Vancouver.
Hav-Info at 682-1991 is our very
own 'Compuserve' with information
оп any subject one could think off
in the Greater Vancouver area:
movie reviews, restaurants,
personal and want ads, sports
scores, cultural events, etc., and
its all free. The establishments
listed pay for the listing.
G ‘LEC 2 ГУ
When I first started machine language programming on the
QL, I found the distinction between machine language
procedures ( and functions ) & jobs very confusing. Having
graduated from the ZX81, I was used to sticking code wherever
I could get away with it. On the QL, the operating system
-QDOS, dictates where code can go, and the two
straightforward Places where the code can go is into
extensions to the basic language as machine language
procedures( or functions) or as a completely seperate job. I
include machine language procedures and functions in the same
category because, although they are different, they are quite
Similar. Jobs on the other hand can be anything.
For each of these categories, there is a well defined
format which must be used to keep QDOS happy. А machine
language procedure ( or function) is then used in an ordinary
Basic program in the same you would use ’PRINT’, or any other
Keyword. A job is always started with EXEC or EXEC_W. Each
job is assigned a priority (9-127), so that the operating
system will know how to divide up its time. А priority of
` zero, signifies that а job is inactive, but still resident іп
memory. It is possible to create jobs which are nothing but
data, and which are never activated. Indeed which would crash
the machine if activated. It is also possible to suspend a
job, for up to 32767 frames. A frame is a slice of. processor
time at 60 Hz, derived from the AC frequency. So the maximum
timed wait is 32767 /60ж60 => about 9.1 minutes. An indefinite
timeout is also possible.
Examples of jobs are assemblers, the PSION quartet, and
other language compilers. Basic runs as a special job.
In general, it seems to me a much clearer understanding
of principles occurs when you can actually get your hands on
specific examples. The code below, is a version of a job
which опе EXEC’s to run alongside the Basic job. What the
program does is monitor the Basic Variables area & print out
the line number which the basic program is executing at each
instant. There is an extra added wrinkle, in that Superbasic
allows multiple statements per line ( seperated by ’:’ ). The
program prints out the statement number as well.
The idea for this program, came from A. Robertson, an
English programmer, whose code I saw via IQLUG. This
implementation is my own. If you would like an assembled copy
of this code, drop me a line.
= = «= ы
4
BV_LINUM
BY_STYNT
+
ЫТ 22А
UT_ERR2
UT HINT
ШТ МТЕҮТ
%
MT_JINF
SE_CLEAP
SD_BOREA
IC_SEVTE
MT_SUSJE
+
START
TRACE
IN]
mee.
LESE
cL TRALE
May 1785
БҮ H Taylor
efter A ROBERTON via IGLUE
Еп) 4:8 ғ OFFSET OF LINE NUMBER IN BASIC AREA
Epu ғ + OFFSET OF STATEMENT NUMBER IN BASIC AREA
ЕШ қ ¥
ЕЗ) FCA 3 (005 VECTORS
ECU CE +
ECU ы? +
ECU 2 ¥
ЕШ! 322 +
EGU $80 + 0005 TRAFS
ECL 5 +
ECU 8 ¥
254,5 TRACE % STANDARD JOB FORMAT
05.8 4
ICA ЗАРЕ + JOB FLAS IN BYTES 6,7
рс.я SD, TRACE’ + JOB NAME
LEA STACK ТОР, SF + SET JOB STACK TOP
LEA СК _РАК, А1 + NOTE SP 15 REGISTER 87
МОЧЕ. Н UT_SCR,AZ
158 (А2) + JUMP TO UT_SCR
TST.L D8 + TEST FOR ERRCF
SHE cPROR + IF UNABLE TO OPEN SCREEN
KOVEL ADDE + SAVE CHAN ID IN Dé
FOVE.L 22,52 + JDE AT TOP OF TREE
ESEL ЖҮ + J03 JD CF BASIC JOB &
HOVE #MT_JIEF + NOTE MOVEG CLEARS TGP.3 BYTES
TRAF 41 + 0005
KIVEL BB, + фаб: OF JOR AREA IN AS
LES LINHA + STORAGE ASEA
MOVER BYLI NUE, (51) ¥ SAVE BASIC LIRE NUMBER. WORD
LES STMNT Pi + NOTE SUPERBASIC ALLOWS MULTIFLE
+ STATEMENTS PER LINE
НОЕ. В EY STNNT(AS), (A1) + SAVE STATEMENT NUMBER, BYTE
MOVE.L Db, 42 + RETRIEVE CHANNEL ID
MOVE. 81,05 + TIMEOUT
MGVEG 850 СЕА, DE
ТАР E + 0005
DER = $2, D4 + COLOUR
к 62,12 % WIDTH
MOVED #50. PORER, 00
TRE R + SANE TIMEOUT
LEA LINUM,Ai
MOVE.W (ADRI
ye < uyt
MOVE. S UT MINT 22
tes -.
won кР.
+ ж
ALREADY CLEAR
SERVED
mn
im i
М1
80 PRE
R
nivel
ТЯ:
+
z NOTE ТЕЛЕ 15
+
ERROR
t
SERP
л>
>з
т
LINUX
STANT
t
STACK
ЅТАСК ТСР:
UE
Ndvee
TRaF
ЕА
107;
ШУЕ.
{у
5
ze r-
tr б. m
7. єє
Ж
R
ИМЕ.
ШЗ!
АЕ.
ROVER
TRAP
Bih
бы
ШТ”
var,
Jon
Koved
RTS
с>
өз юл өз бз
%.
к.
D
m го
-
n
be
EC.
oC.
5.
be.
э 1 s
%
05
05
END
#3,D1
Fh, 5!
#1,03
#10_S8YTE, D3
#5
STRA!
іп
ІЗІН
ШТ МАТ, А2
(82)
2,03
8-1,01
тілі
айт 50579,27
al
00Р
ERROR TRAFPING F
UT_ERRS, 42
(82)
аа
4 دج — سې مم їз юэ
«4
ч.
ә
-
202
Ck OPENING
TINEGUT TRHSHED
CLEAR To? 3 8172
LITERAL CELON
Тіней
” =
“=
ж
[29]
сэ
со
из
+:
CLEAR THE TOF 3 BYTES
GET SAVED STRAT NUMBER
Саян ID PRESERVED
ж VECTOR
>
-
“ ж
іі ж
' ж: со
--
эл
+
ЖЫ
a
с.
+ DO IT AGAIN
THE SCREEN
+ VECTOR
е RETURN TO BAS
IC WITH NÛ ERAQÊ
БЕН COLOUR
pannen
BORDER WIDTH
FAPER
їйїп
t HEIGHT
ї
ү
+ + Фф ы о y ы +
+ RESERVE ОнЕ WORD
ê RESERVE A BYTE
цере5 No excy
SOR LAZINESS 256
... BUT I'M WORKIN ow jy
This article is reprinted from
SUM, April '86. оо ео è
The Heart of the Sinclair QL. ..the 68008
There is great confusion about the QL.
The question is: in which computer
category does the QL fall? The 32, the 16
or the 8-bit computer!?! It depends on the
point of view. For now, we can say that
the microprocessor, the MC68008, which is
the heart of the QL, is an 8/32-bit type.
The microprocessor or the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) is the nerve center
of all activities in the computer system.
It has generally 3 major tasks:
1-Control of operations
2-Interpretation of data
3-Execut ion of instruction
But a CPU alone is not very useful. The
CPU needs memory and some peripherals to
communicate with the outside world. The
communication is possible via a computer
BUS made up of multiple connectors which
carry information to or from the CPU. A
computer has generally three main bus
types:
l-Address bus
2-Data bus
3-Control bus
Until now, most home computers were
built around an 8-bit CPU. (8-bit CPUs are
designed to work оп 8-bit words at a
time.) The two most popular of these were
the 280 (2X81, TS2068, TANDY) and the 6502
(C64, ATARI). The 68008 of the QL is, like
we previously called, an 8/32-bit because
it has an 8-bit wide data bus and works
internally on 32-bit words. On this point,
the 68008 is similar to the INTEL 8088
(ІВМ PC) which is ап 8/16-bit CPU because
of its 8-bit data bus and 16-bit internal
structure. Apple's Macintosh is a
16/32-bit with its MC68000.
MC68008 vs MC68000: THE HARDWARE SIDE
The MC68008 is the “economical version"
of the MC68000. In fact, the MOTOROLA's
68000 series forms a real family. The
68000, itself, has a 16-bit wide data bus,
the 68008 has an 8-bit one and the 68020
has the 32-bit wide data bus. The
“advantage” of the 68008 over the other
members of the family is, like we said,
economical because the most commonly
available low cost support chips аге
organised оп ап 8-bit basis. This means
that these can be more easily designed
into a system around the MC68008. Also the
necessary connectors are smaller on 8-bit
data bus systems than on a 16-bit data bus
systems. :
The address bus has been reduced on the
68008 to 20 address lines (24 on the
68000) and 3 of the 6800078 control
Signals are not directly present оп the
68008. These omissions are justified by
the fact that the 68000 is а 64-ріп І.С.
and the 68008 is a 48-ріп І.С.. With 20
address lines, the QL can address directly
1MB of memory. There is no need here for a
complicated BANK SWITCHING system like on
the COMMODORE 128 and ATARI 130XE. On the
QL, all the memory is accessible anytime.
The 68000 has 2 pins not present оп the
68008, UDS (upper data strobe) and LDS
(low data strobe), but on the 68008 the
pin DS (data strobe) does the same job.
Also the VMA (Valid Memory Address) is not
Present, an external circuit is required
here to simulate it.
MC68008 vs MC68000: THE SOFTWARE SIDE
The 68008 has the SAME instruction вес
as the other members of the 68000 family.
With only 56 instruction types and the 14
different addressing modes, the programmer
can access up to 1000 powerful in-
structions. These instructions can be from
1 to 5 words long, that is 2 to 10 bytes
long. The 68008 (like the 68000) has 17
all-purpose 32-bit wide registers, one
16-bit FLAGS register and a 32-bit Program
Counter. The 32-bit all-purpose registers
means SPEED because complex operations can
be carried out internally to the 68008
with the minimum need of data to ос from
memory. Each one of the all-purpose
registers can be used like an Accumulator
and we сап do operations on 1 bit, 4 bits
(DIGIT), 8 bits (BYTE), 16 bits (WORD) and
32 bits (LONG WORD).
In conclusion, if you love machine code
programming then the Sinclair QL is
certainly a good choice. -- REAL GAGNON
544 Hermine #2
Quebec, Quebec
CANADA GIN 2G6
22
Review
Reprinted from
DISTACALC
Basically Programming
2528 West Olive Avenue
Fullerton, CA 92633
16K TS/1000, 1500; $12.95
Were you ever taught while in school
that an airplane flying from the United
States to the Soviet Union flies over the
North Pole? The principle involved is that
of the Great Circle route. The concept
flies in the face of common perception. It
is shorter to travel what appears to be a
curved path instead of a “straight line"
when traversing great distances across the
globe.
Navigators must regularly utilize the
great circle concept wherein both the
distance between two points and the
direction to take can be calculated. All
(2) that is needed is a good knowledge of
non-Euclidean geometry and spherical
coordinate systems...or a computer with
the right software.
DISTACALC is the right software if
"close" 15 good enough. Тһе program
calculates distance and direction along a
great circle route from one point on the
earth to another. It also estimates your
present location if you know the point
from which you departed and the direction
and distance you traveled.
I asked Distacale the distance and
direction from Memphis to Nashville and
back. Both cities are stored in the
Distacale database. The database is а list
of 107 worldwide cities whose latitude and
longitude are filed within the program.
The results obtained were satisfactory.
The distance was given іп statute and
nautical miles and in kilometers. In
addition, the azimuth, the direction in
degrees measured clockwise from north,
told me which way to travel to get from
one to the other. For the return trip the
direction should have been 180 degrees
different. Іс was in error by опе degree.
If the two points involved are not
among those listed, then you can add them
to the database. The name, latitude, and
longitude must be entered. The file holds
up to 200 locations. Individual cities can
be deleted, or a new file can be started.
The second option calculates your new
SUM, Аюг11*86......
position if you know your former location
(latitude and longitude) and the direction
(azimuth) and distance (in nautical miles)
you've traveled. The term for this type of
calculation is “dead reckoning". І used
the same two locations and the direction
and distance of travel previously
calculated to determine the accuracy of
this option.
The results were very close but not in
perfect agreement. The calculation of my
new position should have been identical to
the latitude and longitude for each
destination city. Instead it was off by
one to two minutes. A “minute” is 1/60 of
a degree. This translates into 1-2 miles
of error for the 180 mile trip.
In short the distances сап
considered accurate calculations, while
the directions are close estimations. The
instruction booklet warms that this is the
case. Use Distacalc to plan your vacations
but not to aim your ICBMs. (Editor's Note:
since nuclear warheads generally clear
quite an area, it's probably close enough
for them, too!)
be
-- Duncan Teague
3308 Bluemont Drive
Memphis, TN 38134
RRERK RK RRL K KKK ERK KEK KERR
ж TS 2068
This program wes printed in an old
* issue of Synapse, the newsletter
= of the Central РА User Group.
е 20 PRINT “Enter 4 numbers betw
че єєп 1 and 20"
Же 30 INPUT а,Ь,с,4
эк 35 CLS
it 40 LET 4-9
Ж 50 LET хісіг5з125%5ІМ (at)
* БӘ LET yl=87+374SIN ibet}
ы 70 LET x22=125412545IN іс%1)
Б 80 LET уг-27437%5ІМ (9+1)
+ ӘӘ PLOT x1,31
T 120 DRAW х2-х1,у2-у1
= 110 LET 1=1+.01
А 129 GO ТО 5a
Reprinted from
Milestones
by Wes Brzozowski,SINCUS
Sosetises it's vorth tating a little look at where we've
been so we can appreciate where ме аге. We may feel that the
present support for the T/S computers is nothing less than
abysmal, While this maybe tree іу кінп standards, just a
shert look back can show us how quickly we forget and perhaps,
how spoiled we've becone,
Having been involved with personal coeputers for about
years, I've been privileged to see the field evolve, first hand.
I've been able to vork vith sany of the old gadgets that have
сове along, over the years. In other cases, I've been at least
been able to see the itens, o talk to those who've used thea.
The vast changes we've had are absolutely breathtaking.
This vill not be a comprehensive history of howe computing.
There's not enough space (or reader interest) for it. Well
just cover a few highlights to give a feel for computing іп the
past. Mote that I've tried to make this as accurate as
possible, verifying ay facts and figures wherever I could.
Still, some parts are done entirely fron memory and a ‘verbal
bug" or two вау creep in. If So, please forgive м.
What computers vere available 12 years ago? They aight
have been wore aptly called “computer trainers". You aight
answer an ad in an electronics magazine, send hundreds of
dollars, and get a bag of parts. These vould be assembled into
а little gadget that you ‘programmed’ by flipping Sone svitches.
The output vould be sone little lights. Sone of these iteas
actually contained aa obsolete 4004 or 8008 microprocessor.
Your program was machine code vhich you entered іп binary
fora. There vas no cassette interface, as there маса" enough
Beary to sake it necessary. Some early enthusiasts bought and
learned fron these, others felt then too limiting and avoided
thea.
The next alternative was to design and build your от
(мін. Since commercial support was unheard of, you dida't
bave to be compatiable vith anything. Sone didn’t even use
вісгоргосезѕогѕ. The thea "top-of-the-line" chip, Intel's 800A
then cost about $180 apiece. Others were difficult to use and
Still quite costly. So some hone designed computers included a
custoa CPU built froe TIL chips. Instruction sets vere crude
and limited, but they vere fanastic toys. (My owa first васћіпе
had an average instruction length of 18 BITS, which were read
one at а tine, out of about four thousand bits of соге senory.
I was real мөні of it; it almost worked properly.)
A third alternative vas possible. If you vanted to spend
а thousand bucks or so, you could buy a commercial trainer for
a particular microprocessor, These vere intended for
electronics fires that wanted to develop their ол
eicroprocessor based products, and vere priced to match vhat
such fires could afford to рау. Howe users who could afford (or
even obtain) these, меге rare and much envied,
On or about 1975, hovever, several significant things
happened. First, one of Intel's competitors started selling
К9 microprocessors for only $30 each. Hov, they vere cheap
enough for the masses. Also, a company named MITS packaged the
КӨ in а large box with a huge pover supply, 4K of RAM, and
lots of slots for expansion cards. This bor vas the ALTAIR
0900. For about $500, you could get a “bare bones” ALTAIR in
Sincus News May/June '86 м
a
tit form. For another couple hundred, you could get it
assembled and tested (and it vas worth it, Га told).
The existence of expansion cards brought sone interesting
results. Sone companies didn’t want to ake entire computers,
but vere glad to build cards that would plug into the ALTAIR.
Others that did market their owa computers used the ALTAIR’ s
internal bus, so that they'd be compatible with all the
available plug-in cards. The first home computer standard vas
born. It turned out to be both an unwanted baby and one of the
ugliest offspring ever seen! the 5-100 bus.
You see, MITS never tried to produce a standard; they just
wanted an easy vay to connect several of their circuit boards
together. The 8080 microprocessor produces Sone very veird
signals that were intended to be “sorted ой” by a seperate
system controller chip. This chip would "бе" the weird
Signals, and present us vith saner, easier-to-wse ones.
Unfortunately, this chip wasn’t available when the ALTAIR vas
designed, and all the “flakey stuff’ vas put right on the bus.
When the system controller chip became available, it really
couldn't be included.
Also, this "convenient" vay of wiring several boards
together made a signal layout that was very inconvenient for
later designers. All of this gave rise to speculation that, if
you locked 20 monkeys in a room vith an 8080 pinout, they'd only
take 10 minutes to design the 5-100 bus. The home computer
field vas burdened with this “thing” for years; traces still
reaain.
The bare-bones ALTAIR was programmed in binary by flipping
Switches on the front panel. The only output vas LED'S. 1а
this way, it resembled its predecessors, a bit. The difference
is, it vas a bit prettier, a lot more expandable, aad a vhole
lot wore expensive.
What could you plug into a S-100 type coeputer? Memory for
one thing. A nere (мо hundred bucks would get you a 4K су
card. Disk drives? № problea. It was about $400 for the
interface and $500 for each drive. Rather use cassette? The
cassette interface cost only $175, and vas SLOW. Other add-ons
, ald include keyboards (the ALTAIR ordinarily had none), an
interface for а ТУ or monitor, or analog or digital 1/0. In
1977, а full 64K RAM board could be had for $3900. The
expandability of this thing vas only limited by the depth of
your pocketbook!
These machines normally had no internal RON. In order to
get the cassette interface to vork, you had to “toggle in a 20
byte machine code bootstrap program everytine you powered the
machine wp. You aight then LOAD ia BASIC, for example, provided
you paid the hundred bucks or so to buy (!!) it.
Perhaps it vas the BASICS for these machines that gave the
first varning that software priracy vould someday be a great
problea. Most “old tiners® vill never forget the letter in one
Computer magazine by a seller of BASIC. The gentleaan thanked
the many people vho vrote and copliaented hia on hov well the
BASIC interpreter worked. He then pointed out that he'd checked
his customer list (the product vas sold by direct nail, only)
and found that only a small fraction of those who wrote had
actually BOUGHT the product.
they'd better pay up.
Unfortunately, the piracy problem hasn't gotten any
better.
Continu
=
He then warned the rest that -
Howe users were were fairly trusting in those days, Мапу
people had no quales about sending hundreds of dollars to a
total stranger to buy a product sight unseen. This innocence
vanished after a series if ads appeared іп a major magazine,
advertising 2 bunch of non-existent products that the advertiser
had no intention of delivering. (He never paid for the ads,
either.) Despite some very wild claies that were even
inconsistent vith the photographs for his "product", the guy
sanaged to take in a fair bit of cash before he vanished. |
don't know if he vas ever caught. 2
Those who got the proper word-of-mouth information could
have purchased their very оил Apple 1 computer, hand built by
Steve Wozniak, hieself. Although, this vas really intended to
be the "емс" of a terminal, it could be used as а stand alone
Cosputer. For $700, you got the assembled, tested circuit board
and that was it. You attached your own transforaer, keyboard,
and eonitor. The board had rooa for a full BK of RAM, which you
prograssed, vith pachine code. The board also had a single
expansion slot, into which you could plug a cassette interface,
if you chose to buy one. Sounds great, eh?
In 1976, а big step was taken towards affordable hone
Computing vith the KIN-1. For $250 you got an asseabled,
tested, (and very static sensitive) circuit board, It required
multiple pover supply votages, which you had to provide
yourself. The board had IK of RAM, and a sual! ROM prograna that
Controlled a her keypad and sone 7 segaent LED displays (your
input and output). If you could spring seven or eight hundred
bucks for a surplus teletype, it could run that, too. You
programmed it in wachine code only, but the price vas going
бом!
In 1977, ме saw the introduction of the Apple Il. It саве
with an OK ROM vith INTERGER (') BASIC, a cassette interface
about as fast as the 152068, and graphics and text capabilities
only slightly better than a 152068 in the 32 colunn sode. It
had alsost no software available for it. With 48K of RAM, you
could get one for $2,638,
То be sure, the Apple II vas designed to be expanable and
its original design has been greatly isproved. It truly
deserves all the success it's enjoyed. But don't forget that
people back then paid a huge swa for a machine vith little
support and capabilities about comparable to the 152068. Also,
don't forget that all the prices mentioned so far should be
double to get a comparable 1986 dollar әкені.
Back in 1979, I read about this British kook named Sinclair
whe сігімі he could wake a computer that hooked to an ordinary
ТУ set, had a alphanumeric keyboard, and BASIC built in, so you
didn't have to pay extra for it,...all for about 9200! This
sounded like a show stopper, but still highly unlikely,
Considering the price to performance ratio of the КІМІ. (жұ
vas [ to know that Clive vas so seart?)
Well, of course Clive Sinclair made good on his pronise,
and his later aachines have enriched our lives even as ұғу!
enriched his pockets. We've seen the rise in the popularity of
his machines, and nov we're seeing thea decline, As the
personal computer field has grown and changed in the past, it
vill continue in the future. It von’t be long before our
1520685 will look just as outrageous as the old MITS ALTAIR
looks to us today. And as the support for our machines
continues to decline, ve'll feel a sense of 1055. Yet the old
tine users had so auch less. Our machines are far cheaper, far
BSINCUBS NEWS MAY/JUN 1986
easier to use, far wore pover ful, have far more enthusiasts, and
have far more commercial support than they could have ever hoped
for. They aade out 0.K.
So vill ve.
There's nothing wrong with change, or looking to the
future. For quite some time, I've owned an IBM PC, vith which
1 do most of ay serious vork, Still, ay happiest (ім is spent
tinkering with ву 152068. Perhaps it’s because ме still have a
core of interested and interesting users who know how to have
„lun with the sachine. But perhaps, it's because 1 still view
the 152068 with a sense of ave, vhen I realize how euch pover
there is in such a seall, inexpensive package, and how far ve've
сове to achieve it.
Ery Ehese
12 REM
_2@ PRIN
ЕМ Y$)
Ч=1 TO LEN Z
ІҒ Z$) ese" THEN
IF 72%41)-“ғ-” THEN
NEXT J —
RETURN
PRINT “ENTER
INPUT y$
LET Z2$=¥$+"5"
PRINT “ENTER STA
INPUT Y$
LET. 2 =Z$+
FRINT “ENT
INPUT ү
LET г2%-7%.
PRINT "ENTE
INPUT Y$
LET zZ =Z$47 $45"
CLs
зза сото
PRINT
INPUT
CLs
FOR
NAME"
ee
--
>.
E ار
Үш
ізт
ER С ү
Үз
в
т»
PHONE
Бә
CENTER NAME”
[Л]
4
Ж
(m)
сәй m
“UC x i
=m
m
H
DAADA 71
ONC DON DL
“ІС
ПП tte
ПІ tr
5”
Р.
m
p
о
H
=” n
AND
шҰ% THEN
PRINT 2%
FRINT
EET ADDRESS
ZIP“
мо."
SHORT TS1000 PROGRAM Sf
by Chuck Dawson
DO YOU GET TIRED OF THE
INCREDIBLY SLOW AND JERKY
SCROLL COMMAND ON THE
TS/10007
TAKE HEART TRUE PROGRAMMERS.
THE FOLLOWING MACHINE CODE
PROGRAM WILL NOT ONLY PERMIT
you TO SCROLL UP, IT WILL
ALSO PERMIT SCROLL DOWN,
SCROLL LEFT, AND SCROLL
RIGHT.
AFTER YOU TYPE ІМ THE
PROGRAM SAVE IT. THEN RUN THE
PROGRAM. THE PROGRAM І5 THEN
STORED SAFELY ABOVE КАМТОР SO
THAT YOU CAN USE IT WITH ANY
PROGRAM. TO USE THE SCROLLS
USE THIS LINE IN YOUR
РОКСКАМ:
ЕТ 2 = USR X
WHERE Х=32521 FOR SCROLL UP
=32542 FOR SCROLL DOWN
=32566 FOR SCROLL
RIGHT .
=32586 FOR SCROLL LEFT
1 REM (YOU NEED 1061 SPACES OR
OTHER CHARACTERS IN ТНІ5 REM
STATEMENT)
2 LET АЗ"
“21097F 220440EB015500219240EDB
0ОС9Е05ВӨС40132121001901Ғ6Ө2ЕОВ
006202871109ҒСС924А0С4011Ғ602424
_ B19EB2121001SEBEDB80620237110F
СС9017617240С401600237ЕВ928047
25718F710F 3C90176192A104016002
B7EBS2804725718F 710F 3C9S” ;
3 FAST
4 LET A=16514
5 FOR B=1 TO LEN А$-1 STEP 2
6 POKE A,16*CODE A$ (В) +CODE
A= (B+1) -476
7 LET A=A+1
8 NEXT В
S RAND USR 16514
10 NEW
REPRINTED FROM “SYNAPSE” VOL.
3 NO 6 TO 12 JUNE - DECEMBER
ISSUE PAGE 6, 290
SSERAKKETESTEKRECKCTREEKr er xrxrrxzx
е
ғ-
ч
M
ы М Pw
Pu
С —
2%
2S NEXT М
30 NEXT В
PRENERERSENEN FNAL NEN ES
cn
mm
4х
—
oe.
AHA гї
z- С
ы AA“ 2
“14
н.
: ee) tee oli
TIT HT нг Г Oe
3
zog IF Я=В AND &=C AND Я=4 THEN
Б THEN GOTO 32
“PAYOFF $2"
2509 FOR I=SGN РІ то 50
_252 PRINT AT 15.0; "sUACKPOT="
r 28/10
260 LET T=T+0+0
270 GOTO 2232
сай FRINT Н
310 LET T=T+5
сй GOTO 232
әт ркі FR СНЕ ARMED БАМ
=" ? ф із Ы
CIT ==:
S20 PRINT =
И — *
S3@ FOR I=S6GN РІ ТО Б
S40 PRINT Ҥ ': Tse 2a, F
БЕЙ NEXT I 3
SEA РБІМТ 1 — — =} ғ
570 PRIM & oe TRE Ө; “E "FA
E іт "$9 TAB GS: "EE P
550 PRINT Ч See! — By
mer E
S3@ FOR I=SGN РІ с
Ега PRINT *1 Е тав К p ae E:
Б1@ NEXT I |
620 PRINT "ш. =
p
S20 PRINT “TOTAL = $20"
B42 RETURN
EE EEE ELLE AMAA YAY YY YY YN E 3E E ZY
This program by Randy Adams of Santa
Cruz СА was printed in the July?
-August issue of SYNC. Input
numbers between 1 and
100. (Try 26, 31,
32,35,and 38).
(N/Z¥PI)
каз, —
-4-
Some о? Programs listed
аге: Stack Folia, Monthly
БВА To Rental Bill ‚ Couponing, the
Тана < Зорєгагарћ, tipt Loader with
к^ TORRE Fat Charact апа you can even
een с EGE Ргіпі-оџі y ошп Bingo Cards.
а
Б
mg through
йе t
— — —— х6 | After taoki Ч the
— Tree Gee — ee book and trying some of the lis-
рііес for se. 1P} years, 1195, І find TIS good мгіше
the remaining such а: software жыртық ADEE ere горан
the Software Houses may back off LO езш he ous 7
From producing programs as the ми ы nt ele iene у зе е
Machine is no Longer іп produc- the book at SOx, Тһе pecite of it
tion. aliens i “oe is U.S. $7.95+81.58 p&h for u.5.
orders, Үл PEA FOr Foreign
415. P 1 ет orders, f interested іп this
We have been told by 3 com- — ч Б : =
баны % 22 р с 04-4 Ж ел Product you can get it by Wri-
а оез Year suppiy OF BE in the ting to: BIT/s Software, 3202
North America ares. It seems up goat VO Rehr ih. agence
to пош а few American companies E
Buch ас The ЕМС inaw G-Clannec-
tión? and Rames іпош Foundation
SYStemsi are п Getting mare
into Ші produc ‚ LF mare infû
12 required on the ШІ products
available please caontact:-
G-Connection,
15 Kilburn Ori.
Newport, БІ 22540 TH 1
U.S.A. Penns: іа Я ج -
Foundation Systems, eX Text тх гі: Ту-ба 25
17520-26 Mite Road, programs at U.S. 811,95 ea and
ыы НІ 45094 51.508 Post each. — —
іе 2х-Т = а
It ша bu the sûr ШІН is —
пеш owner AMSTRALC 1353 to ада 5p
that the іі гісе ж
Бе а part igstory. The 2Х-С 5 а
ргоагап and Lee
RAH & afford E
ractersarspre 2%<
i5 columns & оша,
_.. 2Х-Сбаймвпааг operates іп 15
b В; Бақ RAH апа keeps 3B sppoint-
2 ments іп 16Қ, 1020 іп Sek i3 іп
This = ФБК. of 258 in 84h. Басы а int
publishe: зе к Ji ment record һоі25 max. 220 cha-
with the help of ma #5 pre racters,
бгаттег= who contributed same Of TN-
тезгә пат: 7 All the above have тапу more
features than Listed but due ta
The book іс BEE pages thick Limiitéd space of this Newsletter
апа 64%°x411"-in size. It has the I һауе listed some of the main
heavy plastic G-post binding апа features,
heavy clear plastic covers for |
prolonged handiing апа abuse. It А These programs ше г
іс well put taosether. іі а magazina dated МО
рігіше ENGUICE With th
The Listings іп the book a befaré placing ап огає
cover the gamut af the T75 cam- the fafe Sida, а= іс ш
puters. Host af the Listings аге Ly.
диііг short апа easy tao type іп,
though some аге 2-3 pages iong.
The programs іп the book cover а
wide area af useruLliness such ас
wordpracessars, games, Databases
апа educational.: - 1 1 —
MST) КЕЯ
пн ТС
с G
ЛП
К МЕ.
"ЛДЫ +
еегітест о or
i
mt re жап
лк TI Шр Fe еі!
a
3
*
ti
а
mak
ait
оре
Eti
gra
wer
ег
п. tit рзд Гу.
ма ИЫ)
"уез Пр mf
"1 DI
MZ eea IT et ТИТ
FAT CLO E r МЛ eI ға me, + С
(Жи)
yee at шегу й д.
т
TO ye
[Ж ыг)
їн
| جم ا Vet
м ve, Te
mt me, li
ни И)
п. в.
то
э
тел үт
ін руз ау са При mS
ж)
екі
т
ін سم م ЙТ TH ۰
“Ade ро ГТГ Шағала
>т Шш
1!
r
калы
= tr
+ 0)
—*
=
[Т]
=
Же = їй гл
йе Ee ТГ
кө зо Деб Сн И)
D 0
"E
тошіл e TIN py |
м р 22 6
ғаш
ж]
2
Imit
r,
—
ч
эү m
ж
“ег
жш.
1 IT) --
Dts awe
“+ 7
тту щн
п) ot ot ті pag
Doms
"отті
Pre e
ЖҮ,
г
ө.
“4 11
3
i
o EL.
5
on EE р
wt ее, Й) СГ
пун Lies |
.
ш.
н.)
—
a
—
othe
(Th н
e
oe
(ж!
с 3
[ж
Со he
D
AD O ке
айп
н rt -i
D
зул шескеш ші)
1
“۰ © С) 0
ін д.
Demy bet йу |
ics
ті
Шой
Кз.
п.
„ш Tw
1
om.
-.
ж)
ше...
= ха
EL
-r i
-.І
Е
с
т
>=
г
iit
ТЕ
ын "
т
т
*
іт
rel ID nr art
a pew Кайы Иа юн.
2 0, ~
І
Г
га
тіл 2
ҮЙ
4 Г
өш
3 п) 23 00
5 —
“эе йз тү
Т
Ий)
-
Шаш et
22,
Ml er
Fo O +
ашап
кы. Шр у 7
ee
кут 9
Sa
Sie;
г ош
ЕУ
==
l
=. ғ"
аз
в 1
—
os oss
=
x
ج
Еч е 2
r wi
= i
2 „©
tang
Sort
БО
—
Faye
Liki
Mi Cr
еп а
Ж
РГО
erer
н н
2
уц)
AMN a ін eI) ia
2
Ww)
y
at in
іс аі
or the
Making
es Tia 5
2 ЖЕ Б
Pram:
House
ford,
prire
The R
с Pos
the
—
п аза
od
„+
1
аы а
\
--
"
wey مم اا Ц | ا И ony
r
=
кане
үй
эЛ et `Т —
ке
ш
T
т
mas
н pt
єс
9 өмі
mor тур
үә,
mi
T e ТЕЗИ
1
° (TN —
ee
пз!
“ше ш ж ІТ 1 ot Г
тү. Ше Д. С С ——
mon
Ж i HH
te +
)
5
і
1
ій be. Г П +
“I O FE et ы.
ma Er
ЖИЙИ
A Am et 1 “|1
хозеті
ез
кеш
35
(i) <.
ж]
м
Г»)
ША eae Тр ST е
[
„зт
іш
ІГ
mi eru
be
2 ye
=
w Mi
в СЗ
+
M i
з.
4 |
1
eme!
іп gee Moet [|
(ж)
өш
ie PO TI ec e.
"ке Г)
ree ба,
ізінше
1
—
ГЕЙ
ші
owt
е“
r
Ж)
(ж
қый
чї
mw
э
к.
7
!
к.
пып
г
-.
а)
и 2
t.
С
С.
"3
(1
۰
өшіп ا
“yO
TIM ee om
Е
BW nt
“a
(жм
=)
M
Yet ony
чі
С
Ер
“|
не |
omy bee St И 2
шт ot be
Dri hee eto FT
eeu 23
тіліст
ран
са
мал)
жасу
пу б
ШЕ
Am ee a
н
2
J
ра,
еже!
бен
w mi o
шз
4..
..
0 0)
î oe I o Do A |
tsi
п Каи)
= Mile BL
be
!
A га Û pe з оаа СУ O I --
ИТ) o o 027 70) 0
т)
"йогу р
II алш шал ыт ee ш CL
22%.
foe
П]
1!
ШОЙ т
шап
[жй]
Шш з,
өзү
Tit:
irom ou
bee Пу (Tea П)
sor eT TI М шіли
ға
ae.
т aj
*
oti
ІГ
Іт
к]
+
“r
дш юе
та
2
їз ү [шз
морг ae тэ
tt
z
—8
as ---
н.
үт” Іт e (
tue rt -
чое.
у,
(Ts ot
(Te ee
Ny r, lh теті
—
ا
шуо)
AD et |
Mi 1
Er o li O o 0
ЕЛ
. кезүү ا a
г!
(ti
i
“\
EL. UN ane
іп
беш
ui +
' +
т
п.
trim
шы.
J
ад.
а oth
my poe тут TA
"e OW Ft re Б TIT ІШ П ae
**
©
*—
iT po oI
!
ж]
me
X
(ШШ
тшш)
E.
Tem
кешк
leti
11
а e а
r
көл i
(Т
с-з
[крп
This TAY wows mt
ім Û Bg pte eee e
цу 0.
ЕЕ:
[ж]
1
tot
фп
-4 “1
чу ҮГҮТ
ра
орин.
+
-
2
"
—
— oo
шш)
е ү
p
ш
ТЕ
ІШЕГІ ШІ,
1000 1Û 1f of
ж
1 REM BORDER DRAWING UTILITY
BY KEN ABRAMSON
16 PRINT AT 3,0; "ENTER BORDER
GRAPHICS CHARACTER: “
20 INPUT Bs
3@ LET S=CODE Bs
46 CLS
50 REM YOUR TEXT (CIN PRINT
STATEMENTS) CAN GO INTO
THIS LOCATION
© MG Gt
TI 7]
nO
нт
ғ
ل
1
Tifa:
+4 ۳
ч
—
жі
=
С)
T
1)
а
їл
Tı
+
ћу
Г)
JR ҮсшӘ TO 20
OA PRINT AT ¥,0;CHRS B;AT ¥,31
Ез Б;
O NEXT Y
PRINT
STOR
SAVE “BORDE
LIST
е
“1
с
т
ЛРОЛІПЕ
E
ший Oi ~J Ch T
wage
ХЕҰ ХХХ Ж ЖҰ KKK
Cont.) From page г. prih
not all folks --- how about the
T/S 2080, the 80 column printer.
It's here along with a 40 column
little brother. These are the
Seikosa GP-1000 and GP-505
respectively all wrapped up in
Timex clothing. Last but
certainly not least - a serial
interface (probably to connect the
printers). I said available in
North America --MEXICO. Timex of
Portugal is shipping in an initial
load of 10,000 units. Should be
there now. Sure sounds exciting.
I'll keep you posted.
For a computer concept that was
supposedly killed off more than
two years ago things are more
alive now than ever. It seems the
only one who dropped the ball was
Timex U.S.A.
One last thing before I finish up.
If anyone knows of any 2068s for
sale, let me know. I've had an ad
in the Buy & Sell for three weeks
and not one reply.
“*өо» өө өө ө ө ө ө ө ө ө э ө ө ө ө ө э ө э ө э ө ө ә ө ө ROD
Sinclair Research
Sells Out!
THE ZEEPER SPEAKS...
My dreams have come true. Who
would have thought that Clive
would give up so easily. Can't
he take a joke? Don't go away
mad, Clive. It sure has been
fun---I threw everything I could
think of at you poor fools. I
have a real feeling of
accomplishment about the 7Х81
keyboard but the RamPack wobble
was a stroke of genius. I must
admit, my brother came up with
that one. The 2068 was
certainly fertile ground.
Imagine, a machine able to
address 10 megs being loaded
from a TAPE RECORDER. They
almost came up with a decent
keyboard but a little whisper in
the right ear fixed that. The
printer was fun---the ink faded
оп the paper in the sun light.
One of my happiest days was when
I was able to sublimally
convince the new man at TIMEX
that no self respecting toy
watch maker should be mixed up
with those new-fangled
computerwhatzits. I didn't
reckon on the hardiness of the
average Sinclair nut. As soon
as I dried up one area of supply
than another popped up. You
probably thought you had пе
whipped when the TC2068 came
over from Portugal. Little did
you realize that was all part of
the master plan---as you soon
found out. То and behold if you
didn't eventually go back to the
land of the beginnings for
support.
he QL might have given me a run
for the money until I came up
with the idea of a 32 bit
machine being loaded froma
MIDGET tape recorder. And still
you bought the infernal things.
With the appearance of the 128,
the war started to get serious.
You left me no choice but to put
a stop to this-once and for all.
From now on you are just going
to have to accept the fact that
if you want to play with
computers, you are going to have
to play with the usual mundane,
unexciting, characterless boxes
everyone else puts up with. I
don't think this AMSTRAD will be
апу threat to the 'status quo’.
( Have you seen this Alan Sugar?
Looks like he sold stainless
steel pots door to door before
he discovered computer suckers. )
There was the slight chance that
AMSTRAD could have made life a
little more difficult if the QL
had been kept in production but
I quickly put the kybosh to that
threat.
Well, it looks like all is right
with the world from where I sit.
I think I'll wander over to
adjacent fields to see how
things are going. Don't worry,
1'11 still look in every now and
then and as soon as I see the
slightest amount of innovation
ок creativity rearing it's ugly
head I'll be back faster than
you can lose your memory ina
power glitch. Have fun kiddies.
....РБій some опе say some thing
about electric cars and 'planes?
Hmmm.
i SPECTRUM 123k МІРІ SYSTEM | |
bu Б. Lussier , 6998 STOP
6999 see WRITE eeo
7000 CLS
5 7010 PRINT “READ OR WRITE? (А/Ш)
- 7020 INPUT И
5
7030 PRINT “START ADDRESS”
Ка. за ИУ e
— eats 5 Ек 7040 INPUT 5
age псі i rd. 7050 PRINT “FINISH ADDRESS“
пгаапта з te Е = bs 7060 INPUT F
thi ГЕТ jou te 7070 IF HS = “К” THEN GOTO 8000
ins тег as ап 7080 Рог N = S TO F STEP 8
Org H 1 iit ас 7090 LET T = 0
ТЕР Жер i ae the 7100 PRINT N, ~” -”;
percussion е = Кыса 7110 INPUT AS
Ға үте made ai а рген єк ар BES 7120 PRINT AS, "= Me
Sees Pad ЕТКЕ 3 — 7130 INPUT TOT
Cale ааа aan — 7140 PRINT TOT
тй ы eee се 7145 LET 2:0
коче ae ГЕ” 7150 FOR К=1 TO LEN А8 STEP 2
сзи съв 7160 LET С= (СОЕ А%8(К)-28)%16%С0
ССС Е AS (Ke1)-28
Ы aig. 22 7170 LET Т«Т>»С
VO рынғы ана Б pee 7180 POKE WeZ, с
заса са б сг e оре кк 7190 LET 252-1
іпкегтасе апа з: і ne is : = апа 7200 NEXT К
а free КЕҮЕПНЕС- ТЫҒЫН: Тє atte =: 7210 IF ТОТ=Т THEN GOTO 7240
kested in this ат ргпавсч, т 7220 SCROLL
i= ауаіізрісг from: EES НЕСЗ 7225 PRINT “ERROR - PLEASE INPUT
23 HI TERI 2 AGAIN”
Beds., Englā _ 7230 GOTO 7090
dent ta writ | 7240 NEXT N
ask for thei 7250 STOP
7999 REN eee READ eco
8000 FOR NeS ТО F STEP 8
8010 PRINT N
1 Р. - @
зас 8020 FOR ВО TO 7 STEP 8 |
This colorful program ВОЗО LET C=PEEK (NB)
— | 8050 LET Se=CHRS ЕЕ га 2
ug McRoy of Laurel MD. = 5 = $-
— HR, ss
1299 REM Color slash ° 5
1081 CLS : PAPER 0: CLS : BORDER 8060 NEXT B
1002 THK 7 DRAG 2, 175: DRAW 255 „е али
j0; PRAU 9,-175: {DRAW -255,2 —— —
1225 FOR tio т TO 56 STEP 8 —
1087 FOR m=8 TO 56 STEP З
1010 LET L=INT (RND#33) +0
1015 LET m=INT (RND#123) +2
1020 PLOT m,t: INK а: DRAW т, і
1030 NEXT т й
1032 NEXT (
1040 NEXT q
1045 60 TO 2003 #44 LIBRARY HEUssse
2003 FOR q=0 TO 7 «Сады
2005 FOR (-175 TO 119 STEP -3
`2007 FOR т-255 TO 200 STEP -8 A note to all, we are setting
2010 LET L=INT (RND#88) +0 ир а tape Library.
2015 LET m=INT (RND#128) +0
2020 PLOT 255-m,174-l: INK q: DR ee Sare ected іп donateine
AW -т,-і( eee te She ESE o d
2030 NEXT m = ш „з т Livi = v oss i ызы 9 re „Ж.
2032 NEXT l give Ian McLean a Cali at
2048 NEXT а 733-1664
2045 60 TO 1293 —
oe
|
ПТВ
шен ІШІ
e
—
—
mea
Шш
44
——
ر س
—
VSA
i |
ONAT
کر 2 ы
fie
D
ғ
rite A
LFI
¥ ل
і
t
б
42
ЕНЕ
КЕЛТЕ)
% | |
малны
э ум а ж
‘at E
р
3
-
ІНЕ VANCOUVER SINCLAIR USERS GROUP HAS
BEEN IN EXISTENCE SINCE 1982. WE ARE A
SUPPORT GROUP FOR THE OWNERS AND USERS
OF THE: MICROACE, ZX80, 7Х81, Т/5/1000,
T/S1500, SPECTRUM, SPECTRUM +, T/S2068,
AND QL COMPUTERS.
PRES.--BoB LUSSIER
V/PRES.--KEN ABRAMSON
TREAS. & EDITOR.--ROD HUMPHREYS
OUR MEMBERSHIP DUES ARE_ONLY $15.00/YEAR
AND MAY BE SENT TO THE TREASURER.
ROD HUMPHREYS
2006 HIGHVIEW PLACE
Port Моорү, B.C., V3H 1М5
и
MEMBERSHIP INCLUDES A SUBSCRIPTION TO
ZXAPPEAL OUR MONTHLY NEWSLETTER.
ZXAPPEAL ACCEPTS ADVERTISING, OUR
**PREPATD*®* RATES ARE:
$40.00 -- FULL PAGE
$20.00 -- 1/2 PAGE
$10.00 -- 1/8 PAGE
ZXAPPEAL HAS A PRINT RUN OF 100 COPIES
PER MONTH FOR MEMBERS AND IS ALSO
DISTRIBUTED TO APPROX 50 OTHER SINCLAIR
USER GROUPS THROUGHOUT NORTH AMERICA AS
WELL AS OVERSEAS VIA THE NETWORK.
NETWORK’ CORRESPONDENCE MAY BE DIRECTED
TO THE EDITOR AT THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
