AOI III III ON ቹ ቶቹ E EER ቹ ቹቹ ች ቹቹ ቹቹ ቹቹ X ዛቶ اد EE LE اد ቹ ቹቹ ቴሐቹቹቸቹ ሐ X XO X OK OX XX ቾቹ ቹቹ የ ተቹ ቸቸቹቸ##
ZxXAppeal
# ቹቹ ቸቸ bb ቹ ህቱ ዛቱ ቱቹቹ ቹቹ LELE OCOD OC OOOO ዩቹቸቅቴቹቹዞ ቾች ቹቹ OOOO OOOO ፍቶ ሐተ ቹቹ ፍቹ
: NEWSLETTER OF THE
JULY/AUGUST 1986 s 1.56
3 ቹቹቾቹችቾችቹቹችቹችቹችቹ ቹቹ ቾቹቹችቹቹችቹችቹችቹችቹችቹቾቹችቹጆቹ።ኝ፡።፡ቾዱ#ቹ።ቹ፤ቹ፤፤ችቹቾጾቹ።፤ቹቹችቾቹችችቹችችቹ።#።ቹችቾጾቹቾ#ጾ።#ፍ#።ቆሎቆ።#።#ቾጆ፤ችቹቹቹች፤ቹችቹቾቹ ቹቾቹቾቹቹቹችዞ።ቹቻቻችቹ‹።
VANCOUVER SINCLAIR USERS GROUP
E EEE ECR ON EE ቁቾቸቹቹ ዞቹቸቹ oe ae ee EE ELEC EEE EEE EE DEE EER ELE E ECELE EEC EEE E E EEE EE EE
JO on اد بد بد اد با اد اد بد اد اد اد ماد اد اد بد بد آاد آاد OR
x * KXFINSIDE "ER
s wsxsus** NEXT MEETING ******** 1
+, EG NES ہیں I 6 22
x KILLARNY COMMUNITY CENTRE ሄ Ihe. Meera. si casa waka KSK. ጋ ped
x 6260 KILLARNY ST., VANC x Ken!s ጋገር Speaks ینوئے send
x > The Decline of Uncle Clive....4
> SEPT. 12, 7:00PM : BYL PODES ማማ ck dv les 4355 iwa 7
: 1 Product/Dealer NewSs< ہہ ہہ ہے B
x THIS WILL BE THE FIRST MEETING ٭ Extended. Basie Jun «4433 و ےک «425
. AFTER OUR SUMMER BREAK. x 2068 TIPS CL. CA کو ብሕ ቁ ወ. ክራ یع ታች
X oc coke o 0X0 oc oc oc oc oc oc o c6 oc oco aco okc ትችት ኦቹ EO ቾቾ ቹቾቹቾችቿቹችችች OG Exchange Groups. CZORT او و GO)
BUD ETSE ee Se لے a ea 1 |
TAG AEDES LOOTED
ZXAPPEAL IS A MONTHLY Playing With Electricity.....15
NEWSLETTER PUT OUT BY THE 2581 Display File ape FA 6
VANCOUVER SINCLAIR USERS GROUP. ADA GSTEN: o. ua یا و os Fe 2l
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE Graph PIOtLLborYa...» áo kd P
CLUB AND ZXAPPEAL SEE THE BACKCOVER. “HONEA honi That" چو یو ہے 12 1 ጋሜ
Hardware Project... 32i x25
Duüungeob:;ofi-Ymir.... e سے ak
News Message Board... ےک 5-5 2
Adding a Full-Sized Printer..34
Tape Makes a Difference......35
Banners crana serea ጨፍ s dO
BIALA JueRlerceeveetokwkk sei
Reviews The Pen 6S ¢ + as as SA be es avd
Weyl bevy cere ses ወ 5 oe Ex men و 9
Programs
This 1:9106 EE ERE De ee ŁZA
Here we are - half way thru the
summer and it's time for our
summer double edition. This one
is chock full of goodies: "The
Decline of Uncle Clive" looks at
Clive Sinclair in an
unflattering but very candid
light - must reading for any
Sinclairphile; The Zeeper
"graces" us again with his
Presence; Ken A. gives us a nice
example of 1000 programming;
Gerd B. presents an article
based on the Non Volitile Memory
single chip internal add-on that
Wilf R. recently engineered;
I've included a program that
allows one to set up å message
BBS; all this and lots more too!
Bits &
gia adm eRe Bw aS EST YI NES
++ «SUM magazine has been bought
out by TIME DESIGNS. Sad to lose
a great supporter of the
Sinclair concept but hopefully
TIME DESIGNS will, as a result
of the merger, grow for the
benefit of all. Remember, only
our continued support of this
and other publications will
ensure their existence.
..who says the QL is dead.
We've heard of 2, maybe 3, QL
clones coming on the market in
Gt. Britain. Remember Alan, the
cream always rises to the top!
«++ take a good look at the
advert for Byte Power. Sounds
like a good deal. Remember,
support our advertisers. Their
paid ads subsidize your
newsletter costs!
«++ take a look at the ad for
Fred Nachbour's "Dungeon of
Ymir". Fred colaborated on
Gerd's article. This game is HI
RES on a 1500!
„..1f anyone wants a good and
CHEAP composite monitor hustle
along to R&P Electronis at 4th &
Arbutus. 14" B&W 'slightly' used
-- $49.95 each or 3/$100.00. |
These are Hi Res and come from a
stock brokerage.
„..I had a chance to try out a
couple of new additions to John
B.'s list of wares. ARTWORX is
10 out of 101 A "must-have" for
anyone with a 2068. We'll have a
full review in an upcoming issue
but let me say that this is the
neatest, most friendly, &
addictive graphics utility to
come my way. I was up until 2:30
just having fun with it.
TIMACHINE is a complete MC ۱
compiler for all the 2068 Basic
commands. Now that favourite
BASIC program can be compiled
into superfast machine code.
CLONE will make a back-up of ANY
2068 or Spectrum program.
„..be sure to give CITY-LINK a
call and tune into the HOTLINE
sub-board hosted by our very own
John B. A list of BBS numbers is
listed in this issue.
„..Peter Hacksel of Hacksel
Electronics was in town recently
and we got to gether so he could
demo the Hacksel Centronics
Printer Interface. This unit is
comes in either rear edge or
cartridge dock configuration.
This is a very neat interface
for the 2068 and if you are in
the market for one BUY CANADIAN.
That's all for this time TTUL
9 ہت و وو 9 9 00 ویو وڑاھ »6:167 وو oe vv w scs V ROU
The Meeting:
ፒ፣ -፦ Came to order with
only 15 bodies present. Everyone
seemed to have something else
come up that nite. Bob L.
announced he was stepping down
as the Prez. He's sold his whole
systen and going over to the
other side(Atari). That means
that Ken A. moves up to Prez.
Anywun wanna be V/Prez? Hold up
yor hand! Wilf brought us up to
date on how the hard ware group
was coming with the bankswitch
memory unit. They now have 5
prototypes up and running and
hope to have the production
model on the shelf by lst Sept.
512k plus EPROM burner on the
back of a 1000! Gerd 8. spoke
about the article he was
Submitting to the newsletter ra:
Sk NVM inside 1000. Ken A.
showed his I.0. board and ZSpeak
board combo in a case. Very
slick. He uses it as a teaching
aid at school for children
learning "ingrish" as a second
language. Harvey T. proadly
demoed his "text to speech"
board for the QL. VERY slick.
Paul R. gave us some
"propaganda" about his ST and
the ST club. We ajourned for the
summer and will meet on the 12th
of September.
Ke ee e e KKK ode dede dece dece RK KK de ee EK KK KK
Here's an
elegant 2k program by Ken Abramson that
utilizes the speech board on the 1000.
__SBREM —vEPEER FYTPEEK BTAN V 220 POKE 18528,0
„PEEK sv PEEK E<=BACS BC IF + FO 230 RAND USA 15525
0.9 250 NEXT 8
= REM 2፡53 ZZPERK PROGRAM (SK) 250 POKE 16525,0
PIW AR R 278 RAND USR 15525
= T» Z=200 2308 SRUE A
= CLS 5000 SAVE "WW"
6 PRINT TAB 5: "FUNCTION" “com 5685 PAUSE 2
MAND I Lo E 18; "MENU". "GOTO 8018 GOSUB Z
57,24, NEU HLLOPHONES"."GOTO 10". 5525 GOTO 5.
= ሜኑ 1 == መጫ ጫ ሙጫ ሙጫ ii = = መ ہے m
a chi E EHTERING',"GOTO ጋ ud 3182 PRINT "TO CHANGE ALLOPHONE:
saue EO EOS RP RE ær a "LET ፐሄ (NUMBER) =CHR$ VALUE”
a SH 2s BULG See TP جال n
LOPH. "5 6070-9190 8110 FOR F=1 TO P-1
ieee eis 9120 PRINT “(";F;"3"; CODE T$(F);
ze LET Pol : 3130 JEST F
38_PRIMT AT 1,1; "ENTER AN ALLO aaa
PHONE (200 MA."
33 PRINT “SE ENTER ""2aa"" To
SPES HT Z-SPEAK M.L. Locations:
35 PRINT AT 18.0;"LasT ALLOPHO å AR
NE WAS NUMBER ";P-1;" 3 Li 14 a 4 23 +
36 IF P=1 THEM GOTO 4a 1i a ٦ 52 %
37 PRINT AT 14,1;"LAST ALLOPHO 21 Sg a ET a
NE VALUE WAS ";CODE T$iP-1);" ^" 1 152 ፪ Ti 211 PEEK
18 INPUT_H ii 211 PEEK 1 sg BH E
45 IF P:Z-1 OR M;Z-1 THEN GOSU 1 55 R 1i 219 :z
5 2 4; 52 $ A mer ing
50 IF N:Z-1 THEN GOTO 5 PE qu 1 503 AC:
70 LET T$(P) =CHR$ N 211 PEEK ii 203 BCE
80 LET P=P+1 33 Ba = ia ^
38 GOTO 30 281 TE ት + PANA
282 RAND USR 15516 Bi v o 1 ak,
205 FOR ü-1 TO P-1 a : S35 For
210 LET D=CODE T$(0) 211 PEEK " ys E
[
CA
1
The following article appeared in ,.
the June 12/86 edition of the
'Newscientist' and is reprinted
without permission. Let'em suel
i!
The decline of Uncle Clive
Knighted by Margaret Thatcher and widely considered as the most well-known scientist in Britain,
the chairman of Sinclair Research seemed unstoppable. What went wrong?
Ian Adamson and Richard Kennedy
N 7 APRIL 1986, Clive Sinclair sold off his name and
rights to all existing computer products to Amstrad.
With this single, dramatic move, he has effectively
withdrawn from the market in home computers that his prod-
ucts played a major role in creating. When Sinclair signed the
deal with Alan Sugar of Amstrad, Sinclair's products held the
largest share (around 35 per cent) of this declining but stil!
lucrative field. Sinclair's decision to opt out at this point
illuminates several recurrent problems with his entre-
preneurial style.
It also raises questions about the viability of Sir Clive's
future operations. Alternative offers (favoured by Bill Jeffrey,
the managing director of Sinclair Research) would have
allowed the computer business to continue, and avoided
many of the redundancies, which involved 95 per cent of the
workforce. However, the price of the alternative deal was that
Sir Clive would become a minority shareholder. The history
of the decline of Sinclair's earlier company, Sinclair Radion-
Ics, subsequent to 1977, when Sinclair became a minority
partner and the National Enterprise Board took the helm,
showed that loss of absolute control, with tne attendant obli-
gation to take into account the views of others, soon becomes
intolerable to a partner programmed to run a one-man show.
Sinclairs decade of fame and (mostly) favour, which
resulted in both his knighthood and the less-inspiring sobri-
quet of "Uncle Clive" among the enthusiastic young
purchasers of his high-tech toys, is mainly the result of the
popular success of the “ፖጂ” series of computers, from the
ZX80 to the ZX Spectrum. While his predominant social
contribution was to promote mass addiction to computer
games, Sinclair has been widelv misrepresented— not least by
those centres of learning that gave him honorary degrees for
"services to computer literacy and education"—as the man
who brought computers into the home. This is not strictly
true, if we understand by "computer" a functional tool with
several related applications, whose design increases the ease
or efficiency with which we can perform such tasks.
Sir Clive's marketing achievement was to downgrade the
"concept" of a computer to the point where he could claim
to provide one for less than the magical £100 mark. To this
end, efficient keyboards and monitors, useful amounts of-
memory, effective filing and storage systems and the like were
stripped away, to leave an affordable facsimile of a
"computer". The market image was more important than
what the computer could do, but the burgeoning industry
in computer games provided an application which
adolescents—young and old—eagerly seized on as the raison
d'être for their new gadget. In the main, it was ignorance of
genuine computer technology that fired the success of the ZX
range, despite the availability of accessories that, albeit ineffi-
ciently, turned the Z80 processor chip at the heart of these
up-market toys into the core of a useful machine.
The QL microcomputer marked Sinclair's attempt to
move out of games and into the market of true home comput-
ers and computers for small businesses. The launch was a
multi-faceted disaster. The original concept—an affordable,
portable and genuinely useful computer, with a flat-screen
displav, adequate memory, built-in communications modem
and “free” software to perform basic functions—was viable,
as attested to by Amstrad's later success with its less ambi-
tious purpose-built word processor, the PCW8256. However.
Sinclairs penchant for idiosyncratic technologies led the
company to waste time and effort on trying to produce a
workable flat-screen display, using Sinclair's modified
cathode-ray tube. Other delavs in the development of the QL
resulted from the choice of a new but inefficient microdrive
-4-
(a system which uses a fast audio cassette based on a
continuous tape loop) as the medium for storing data.
Another characteristic of Sinclair, launching products
before they were really ready, reached its apotheosis in the
high-profile launch of the QL. At the time, not even the
company's engineers had seen a complete working prototype.
The consequent deficiencies in the machine, and the delay of
around a year before the QL became an available and
adequate computer, prevented the support of a maturing
market which, although ready for a product of this type, was
wary of investing in unconventional technologies. There was
very little software available at the time of the launch. Poor
quality control, from Sinclair's practice of contracting out the
manufacture of his products, meant that too many machines
did not work when they reached customers. Alan Sugar was
quoted as saying that Sinclair's quality control was
"atrocious”. These shortcomings were also factors in the fail-
ure of the QL. The public did not want an “innovative”
machine for which they would, as Sinclair’s staff belatedly
admitted, form a test-bed. They wanted a reliable, functional
and staid application of proven technology.
The working man’s boffin
The significance of Sir Clive’s corporate decline, otherwise
a minor event in the commercial world, is that he has worn
the mantle of a great British inventor (the term he prefers),
innovator and entrepreneur. He has been identified in the
public eye with the visible application of microchip
technology—what might be termed high-street high-tech. His
corporate failings are likely to be equated with the failure of
British “high technology” as commonly understood. In fact,
Sir Clive’s talents lie in absorbing and adapting original
research to develop inexpensive products, often of dubious
utility (witness the flat-screen pocket television and the C5
electric tricycle), and marketing them initially by mail order
to increase his profit margins and finance his production.
People confuse his valid commercial role (where validity can
be measured in terms of corporate profits and marketing
success), with the popular myth of the inventor beavering
away in his lab. The image of Uncle Clive, the working man's
boffin, is one that Sinclair's public relations machine has
relentlessly promoted. We should base any assessment of Sir
Clive's prospects not only on his success or otherwise in direc-
ting his R&D staff creatively to exploit existing technology,
but also his recurrent problems with production and occa-
sional failures, both technical and commercial.
What of the future for Sinclair Research? One major factor
is cash flow. There may be no current debts, and some
retained profit from the deal with Amstrad, but apparently
the only income will be royalties received from ICL on sales
of the modified Sinclair technology incorporated in the
One-Per-Desk, "workstation"—an intelligent telephone
system—plus any of his own assets (much diminished by the
fiasco of the C5) that Sir Clive chooses to make available. Any
future must depend on bringing new and viable products to
the market quickly, or attracting sufficient financial backing
for longer-term ventures.
Leaving aside Sinclair's declared intention to become a
"think-tank" for selected clients—a dubious role for the
"visionary" who brought us the C$, one might think—
Sinclair has three projects in prospect. On the computer
front, the company is developing Pandora, a portable micro-
computer, bearing a remarkable resemblance to the original
QL, but by all accounts omitting microdrives in favour of
3:5-inch disk drives. That Sinclair is still revising the specifi-
cation of this product suggests a state of confusion that does
not bode well for the timely arrival of a competitive and
functional product. Amstrad has first refusal on marketing
the Pandora, and it is unlikely to take on anything unless it
accords with Alan Sugar's dictum of “the right product, at the
right price, and at the right time". On past form, Sinclair's
R&D team seem unlikely to achieve this, leaving Sinclair
Research the task of starting again with minimal resources
and little credibility as a designer of computers, in a field
where companies such as Epson, NEC and Tandy are
expending intense technical effort.
The second project, emanating from Sinclair's low-profile
telecommunications laboratory based in Winchester, is the
cheap portable telephone for cellular networks. This will sell
for less than £100, says Sir Clive, tilting at his magic figure
once again. The product should be on the market in 18
months’ time. This is manifestly a viable product, as Alan
Sugar has also decided, since his company also intends to
produce one. So the company jointly created by Timex and
Sinclair to produce the telephone faces intense competition in
an area where mere corner-cutting on the costs of
components and production in the classic Sinclair style will
not succeed in the long term—any more than Sinclair’s
computers faced up to Amstrad’s challenge.
The third and most intriguing option—and the one which
Presents the most daunting technical challenges—is wafer-
scale integration. This approach to the design of semicon-
ductors offers financial savings by producing complete
processing systems, laid down on a single wafer of silicon. It
could also pave the way towards compact implementation of
the new generation of processing techniques currently under
development. The opening in 1983 of the prestigious Metalab
research unit near Cambridge provided a base for the real-
isation of Sir Clive's visions, among them the much-
publicised "Fifth Generation" project to develop artificial
intelligence. Sinclair made patriotic noises about beating the
Japanese at their own game—whatever that might be, and to
what end. One of the elements of this fantasy was the
investigation of wafer-scale integration.
Sir Clive's initiation into the world of the wafer took place
in the summer of 1983, with the arrival of Ivor Catt who had
answered Sinclairs advertisement for people to work at
Metalab. Depending on who you talk to in the generally
conservative semiconductor industry, Catt is either a crank or
a visionary. For 20 years, he had been refining the theoretical
foundations for a revolution in the semiconductor industry,
and thus was tailor-made for the Sinclair project. Sir Clive
took on Catt as a consultant and bought up Catt's patents to
the wafer-scale process.
Catt himself has succinctly summarised the appeal of the
wafer against existing chips and methods of manufacture:
"I noticed that the silicon wafer was a hundredth of the cost
of the total system, so why not use that cheap commodity to
build the system on the wafer instead of sawing it up to form
separate circuits?"
Currently, the computer industry produces multiple chips
on each wafer of silicon. The production process involves:
chopping up the wafer, testing each chip and then separating
the working chips from a significant number of faulty chips.
The working chips, after mounting, wiring and packaging in
plastic, become part of a larger system mounted on a printed
circuit board. Catt's alternative method involves preserving
the entire wafer (including the faulty chips), which has inter-
nal connections between chips so as to eliminate the printed
circuit board. It also avoids the need to test and encapsulate
each chip. An electronic logic test built into the wafer
circuitry allows each chip to be tested. If functional, the chip
becomes incorporated in the circuit and then tests an adja-
cent chip. Faulty chips are bypassed as a spiral sequence of
working chips is established on the wafer. The simplest form
would be a memory wafer, but there is a potential to develop
new, alternative computer architectures on the wafer.
Throughout the 1970s, the attempt to realise such a
product dominated the R&D strategies of many of the semi-
conductor giants. ITT, Texas Instruments and Burroughs,
among others, sunk undisclosed fortunes into the dream. The
kiss of death for the wafer as an investment option was the
debacle of Gene Amdahl, formerly a designer with IBM.
Amdahl’s pursuit of a “supercomputer” based on the wafer-
scale attracted around $240 million in backing from heavy-
weights that included Sperry, Digital Equipment and the Bull
Corporation of France. By June 1984, Amdahl’s company,
Trilogy, had conceded that it could not overcome the prob-
lems of implementing its version of wafer-scale technology.
The failure of the big boys came as no surprise to Ivor Catt,
whose approach had always radically differed from those of
his rivals. Axiomatic to Catt’s technique was a reduction in
the number of connections made to the chip. In the latter
stages of Amdahl's mega-wafer, the doomed prototype had an
astounding 1200 pins packed on to its 6-4-centimetre design.
Since, according to Catt's theoretical design, communication
with the wafer passed through the first chip on the spiral, his
chips were designed as bipolar components, thus needing
only two pins as connections.
Investment in the wafer
After years in the wilderness, the National Research Devel-
opment Corporation eventually funded Catt's theories in the
late 1970s. This at least enabled him to patent their impli-
cations. At Middlesex Polytechnic, Malcolm Wilkinson ran a
research team which examined the problems of imple-
menting Catt's work. Wilkinson and his team went on to
develop their research with Burroughs, where they success-
fully realised a provisional "test structure". At this point, the
project fell foul of company politics. A new and predom-
inantly American management, presumably with the experi-
ence of Amdahl fresh in their minds, wanted nothing to do
with research into wafer-scale technology.
Sir Clive's interest in the technology could hardly have
come at a more opportune moment. At the end of 1983, his
relatively small, if momentarily profitable, company was able
to poach not only Catt, but Wilkinson and a significant
proportion of the team from Burroughs. In time, valuable
additions from research groups working in related tech-
nologies from Plessey, TI, STL and DEC, would arrive.
Although association with wafer technology does nothing
to enhance his self-styled stance as inventor and innovator,
Sir Clive's support of these discredited research Objectives was
undoubtedly a canny move at a time when Sinclair Research
was in a position to fund such an enterprise. In acquiring
Catt, Wilkinson et al. and the wafer-scale patents, en masse
and cut-price, it is arguable that Sir Clive was making an
acceptable high-risk investment in the future. Sinclair's
appropriation of Catt's work mirrors his advocation and
adoption of Denis Gabor's work in the development of flat-
screen technology at Imperial College in the late 1950s.
In a relatively short time it looked as if the investment
would pay dividends. By spring 1985, Wilkinson's research
suggested that the company could economically produce a
wafer with a memory of half a megabyte for Sinclair's ill-fated
QL microcomputer. Unfortunately, at the same time, the
price of conventional memory chips fell dramatically. A few
weeks later the financial crisis at Sinclair Research came to a
head, precipitating the sequence of events which ended in the
abortive "rescue" by Robert Maxwell. It seems likely that
Sir Clive's preoccupation with the wafer-scale project
exacerbated his lack of interest in the computer division of
Sinclair Research, hastening a deterioration of the financial
crisis to the point of no return. The fact that Sir Clive later
turned down an offer that would have ensured the survival of
the computer products tends to support the impression that,
as far as he was concerned, home computers were history.
However, while Sinclair may have been intrigued by the
"intellectual challenge" of wafer-scale, it is equally clear that
his much-lauded vision was decidedly myopic.
- 6 -
As soon as it became apparent that wafers with memories
were unlikely to provide the funding for more sophisticated
research, Robb Wilmot, chairman of ICL, was recruited onto
the research board as troubleshooter.
Wilmot’s brief was to drum up investment for the wafer-
scale project. He soon recognised a potential that had eluded
Sir Clive. Up until Wilmot's intervention, Sir Clive's exclu-
sive direction for research into wafer-scales was towards the
enhancement and development of Sinclair's existing tech-
nology and projects. Wilmot approached the problem of
investment with the conviction that a solution to the pro-
duction of wafer-scale chips could propel Sinclair Research
into a position where the company would challenge the
leaders of the semiconductor industry.
According to Wilmot, wafer-scale chips could revolutionise
the design and production of all types of computers, and play
a major role in communications products and defence
systems (particularly radar equipment). In other words, the
development of wafer-scale technology seemed poised to take
Sinclair Research well out of its depth. Ironically, the
company's capacity to raise finance was in a sense impeded
by the exciting potential of its R&D resources. The public's
recognition of Sinclair Research's managerial, marketing and
financial shortcomings called into question its corporate
ability to exploit effectively such an innovation. During the
crisis in 1985, the odds were stacked against even ICL's well-
connected supremo, Wilmot, coming up with a result.
Malcolm Wilkinson sums up the difficulties facing the
project, which are the same today as they were six months
ago: “It’s semiconductors, which are bad news 10 the City at
the moment... It’s wafer-scale technology, which has had
some notable failures . . . and then there are the problems that
Sinclair Research has got, and questions about the viability of
the business side of it.”
As a broker commented when the price of shares in
Amstrad fell following the announcement of the deal with
Sinclair, "The City . . . gets wobbles in the stomach when the
name of Sinclair is mentioned.” In the event, Wilmot failed
to find the backers. A fortuitous deal with the Dixon chain of
shops enabled Sir Clive's company to struggle on into the
New Year until Alan Sugar came to the rescue in April.
With the Amstrad deal came the announcement that two
separate companies would continue the projects on the radio
telephone and wafer-scale technology. Sir Clive made it clear
that he would have no part in the day-to-day running of either
corporation. Barclays, the company's bankers, agreed to a
limited investment package for wafer-scale technology with
Sir Clive retaining a majority interest in the company, and the
bank having an option to take up minority holdings. Desper-
ately under-capitalised, it is hardly surprising that the team
researching into wafer-scale technology is directing its atten-
tion towards distinctly unspectacular goals. The only project
announced by the company is a wafer with a memory of 5
megabytes. It remains to be seen whether the experimental
pilot production achieved in September 1985 can be
sufficiently improved to create a product that can compete
with conventional memory components in 1987.
Ivor Catt has always insisted that memory products are
merely an incidental spin-off from the main work of wafer-
scale development. The main purpose of wafer-scale tech-
nology, he believes, is to assist in the design of systems that
will revolutionise computer architecture. A growing number
of computer theorists are inclined to view these developments
with interest, but Sinclair's company is hardly in a position to
fund such ambitious research programes. So while wafers
may yet hold a hope for the future, it seems unlikely that they
hold out much hope for Sir Clive. ር]
lan Adamson and Richard Kennedy are freelance authors and
journalists. They have based this article on research for Uncle Clive, a
critique of Clive Sinclair's technical and managerial practice, to be
published by Penguin Books next September.
ST CLASS MAGAZINE
zi =
v? Due ri
At last a computer magazine on cassette
tor the TIMEX SINCLAIR 2868. No longer
will you have to type in long fastidious
programs. no more bugs and headaches...
„..just load and run
BYTE POWER is the Ultimate magazine for the T52068. Each cassette
is full of programs....a real ٦٥2863 owner's dream.
BYTE POWER is a software based magazine with over 138 programs
ja year. Most of then in Machine Language. Programs vary from
he Arcade Game to the Word-Processor. And all for...
Hit LESS THAN 39 cents A PROGRAM XXX
(based on 1 year subscription)
Plus....you get programming articles, software and hardware
reviews, and tips on how to program better.
I would like to receive:
One issue - $5.59(U.S.)
6 Month subscription (6 issues) - $29.99(U.S.)
1 Year subscription (12 issues)- $49.99(U.S5.)
18 Month subscription (18 issues) - $69.99(U.S.)
You save almost $39.29
3€ 2 Year subscription (24 issues) - $89.99(U.S.)
You save over $49.9
* ck SŁ,
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CITY: STATE (PROV): CODE:
Send your MONEY ORDER or CHEQUE to:
BYTE POWER
1748 Meadowview Avenue
Pickering, Ontario, Canada Liv 368
-7-
Reprinted from S.U.M. May/36
Product/Dealer News
Gulf Micro Electronics, 1317 Stratford Ave., Panama
City, FL 32404, has available a comprehensive software
package on either cassette or special expanded version
on disc for Aerco FD-68 users. Entitled SMART TEXT TS-
2068, the author, Bill Jones, refers to the package as
"Administrative Software". There are four operating pro-
grams, including a Data Base, a Word Processor, a Mail-
ing List Manager, and a special Printer Patch program.
Disc version comes with an automatic, self-adapting
version of Printer Patch, and a Program Tutor file. Both
versions come with full documentation. Price $34.00 ppd.
When requesting information, ask about new versions for
the Oliger Disk System and Zebra's 05-64 Cartridge.
Speaking of Aerco's popular disc system, there is a
specialty user group catering to this system and a news-
letter which is publsihed quarterly. Cost for a one year
subscription is $15. For information, write to: David
Hill, 1159 S. Shore Dr. #12, Holland, MI 49423.
You might also consider subscribing to a cassette-
based magazine for the T/S 2068 called BYTE POWER. Each
tape has programs ranging from Arcade games to Business
programs. There are also reviews and programming tips.
One tape (sample issue) is $5.50. Six issues, $29.99,
and 12 issues for $49.99. Send check or money order to:
Byte Power, 1748 Meadowview Ave., Pickering, Ontario,
Canada L1V 308.
Sprite graphics, the key to successful game pro-
gramming is an area that hasn't been addressed too often
for the 2068. Now two programmers (from separate states)
have collaborated on a new software development package
called SPRITES 2068. It contains several machine code
utilities, demos, and a 34 page manual. Priced now at
$19 ppd. Send check or money order and inquiries to
either: Vern Tidwell, 1303 Whitehead St., Key West, FL
33040, or Ron Ruegg, 37529 Perkins Road, Prairieville,
LA 70769.
Beaver Computer Products, 999 Munroe Ave, Winnipeg,
Manitoba, Canada R2K 1J4, the company that features
"extended video mode" software for the T/S 2068, has
some new titles. "Beaver Writer" is touted as the first
80 column word processor for the 2068, and "Character
Font Generator" lets you add character (pun intended) to
programs and text. Prices: Beaver Writer, $25 (U.S.),
Character Font Generator, $15 (U.S.). A catalog which
includes a demo tape is available for $1.50 (U.S.).
Some very exciting software has been developed ኩሃ
another Canadian company called Novelsoft (106 Seventh
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8V 3B4). Some of you
may be familiar with David ር. Ridge, who has had ከ15
ARTWORX marketed in Great Britain for the Spectrum, and
is currently the Senior Programmer for Novelsoft. Now
there is an improved version of his popular graphics
package for the T/S 2068 called ARTWORX version 1.1. It
is priced at $19.95 (U.S.) + $3 postage. Another program
being offered for the 2068, and should sell quite well
here in the states, is a Basic Compiler called TIMACHINE
and is reported to outperform any compiler on the market
today for the Timex. Timachine will handle all Basic
commands (except 1/0), and will convert your program to
fast machine code in seconds. The program is priced at
$19.95 (U.S.) * $3 postage.
A.F.R. Software, 1605 Pennsylvania Ave. £204, Miami
Beach, FL 33139, has three software programs for the
T/S 1000/1500/2X81 (and versions for the 2068). ZX-TEXT
is a word processor, ZX-CALC is professional spreadsheet
program and accounting model package, and ZX-CALENDER is
time-management program. All three titles are priced at
$16.95 each * $3 postage.
BF Kimbrough KEL "In-Memory Operating System Ver.
1.0" for the T/S 1000 and ZX81, is an interesting soft-
ware utility. It is written in relocatable machine code
and operates in BASIC or user defined area. The oper-
ating system also features ten user-definable function
keys. Price: $7.97. Send check or money order to: ፪፻
Kimbrough, 723 Roselle Ave. Flr 2, Akron, OH 44307.
COMLINK I is an RS-232 serial communications inter-
face for the T/S 1000 and ZX81. All software is in EPROM
for instant loading, and COMLINK I can be used with any
300 baud modem. All operating power is derived from the
Sinclair. The advanced software is menu-driven and has
many features including user defined Macro keys, auto-
repeat, expanded character set, and more. For further
information and prices, write to: A. Eckhardt, 918 Anna
Street, Boalsburg, PA 16827.
Curry Computer, PO Box 5607, Glendale, AZ 85312,
has obtained the exclusive marketing rights to an out-
standing line of software developed in France, Pyramide
Software for the QL, is popular in Europe, and has now
come to America (thanks to Curry). WANDERER is a 3-D
space arcade game that requires the user to wear the
supplied red/blue glasses. VROOM is a racing simulation.
The driver sits in a Grand Prix racer, and maneuvers
around five different tracks. QL-PEINTRE is a graphic-
design package that is very similar to MacDraw and Mac-
Paint. OTHELLO is a 3-D (no glasses required with this
one) version of the classic game. Write to Curry for a
complete catalog with prices.
PCIMPORT is a program that permits your QL to down-
load ASCII files from an IBM PC via direct link. This
permits the transfer of documents, program source code
or any other ASCII encoded file from the IBM ቦር to the
QL. Also included is a conversion program that converts
Micro Soft Basic to QL Super Basic. For a catalog of
QL items and prices (including PCIMPORT), write to:
MIN-NY Electronics Inc., 7332 Douglas Dr., No. Brooklyn
Park, MN 55443,
A+ Computer Response of Keene, New Hampshire, has
added five new American QL dealers to their list, making
a total of 17. The new dealers are: Markel Enterprises,
PO Box 2392, Secaucus, NJ 07094; C.W. Associates, 419 N.
Johnson St., Ada, OH 45810; Variety Sales, 325 W. Jersey
St., Elizabeth, NJ 07202; Quantum Computing, 8 Gillen
Street, Mine Hill, NJ 07801; and Info-Mation, RR#1 Box
260, California, MO 65018.
The Second Annual Mid-West Timex/Sinclair Computer-
fest will be held in Indianapolis, Indiana on the first
weekend of May 1987. The core of organizers for the
Cincinnati show are currently slating plans for the 1987
"reunion" of dealers, exhibitors, and Sinclair fans from
the mid-west and virtually everywhere else. If you would
like to obtain some preliminary information...write to:
Frank Davis, 513 East Main St., Peru, IN 46970 (send a
S.A.S.E.) or call (evenings) 317-473-4885. There has
been interest expressed in T/S Computerfests for the New
York/New Jersey area, and for the west coast (possibly
San Francisco?), but so far, nothing definite has been
planned.
"Commrades...a1] together now...enter the keyword
[PRINT] and followed by CARL MARX in quotations." And
its all for the good of the party! Whats going on here?
The Polish government is about to receive 800,000 Timex
2068's and 200,000 FDD-3000 Dual 3" Disk Drive Systems,
to be used in public schools and institutions. The "iron
curtain" deal was recently struck between the Timex
Corporation and a Polish industrial firm (through a
neutral distribution agency. 0.K., now how many issues
of TDM should be shipped?
The temporary shortage of three inch (Hitachi type)
floppy disks is over...and supplys are very good. The
following companies have the "special" disks in stock
for immediate shipping: Zebra Systems Inc., (718) 296-
2385; Peripherals Direct, (312) 498-9244; Speedysoft
(London, England) 01-789-8546; various other dealers
around Great Britain. Resulting from a recent deal
struck between Amstrad International and Sears, various
selected Sears outlets will carry the 3" disks.
-8-
The following is reprinted from
The Plotter, Vol 2, # 7 « 8.
EXTENDED BASIC FOR THE
TS 1000
by Dick Wagner, CCAT/S
Extended Basic will put new life
into your computer, give you FAST
performanc, and will provide you
with some new programming tools
now used on the 2068 computer.
Extended Basic is a program that
uses machine code stored in REM 0
and is accessed ANY time in your
program with REM and then the
command written out (no keywords).
Thus you can mix Sinclair Basic
with Entended Basic freely, use
Extended Basic or Sinclair Basic
alone. The interpreter is called
with GOSUB 0 in the line ahead of
the REM Extended Basic statement.
There are 22 new commands at your
disposal, you can put multiple
comnands and statements in a line,
you can use all 24 lines, and
PRINT automatically.
Here are some of the commands that
make this program so interesting
DRAW, UNDRAW, RESTORE, DATA, READ,
FILL, MOVE, CIRCLE, UNCIRCLE,
PAPER, UNPAPER, and SCROLL. Some
of these are duplicates of 2068
comnands.
So called "standard" commands such
as LEFT$, MID$, and RIGHT$ are
provided which is helpful for
other makes of computers. DATA,
READ, and RESTORE permit the use
of a DATA statement and then READ
it into a program. Thus you can
use many 2068 programs using such
data input methods.
INPUT and OUTPUT are new to you.
KEY replaces INKEYS$ while IN and
OUT permit access to the rear port
to control peripheral equipment.
KEY will return values of multiple
key presses. IN and OUT works in
!
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2
2
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2
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!
!
either FAST or SLOW modes and
control and get data from any I/O
mapped device and maintain a
continuous display.
There are 11 ERROR CODES that
indicate the kind of error and
where it happened. This program
can be merged with any program of
less than 8K length and be put
into REM O so it works properly.
EXTENDE BASIC is available on
cassette from Thomas B. Woods for
U.S.$19.95 + $1.50 5፳ከ. Send to
P.O. Box 64, Jefferson, NH 03583.
‹ሩሩ‹ሩሩ‹ሩሩ‹ሩሩሩሩሩ‹ሩ‹ሩ‹ሩ<ሩሩ‹ሩሩ<ሩረሩሩ<ሩ<ሩ<ሩ<<ሩሩ<ሩ<ሩረሩሩ
2068 TIPS
-- To find out how much memory you
have when using the SPECTRUM ROM
try this line: PRINT 65536 — USR
7962. The result is the same as
the FREE command on the 2068.
-- When saving a multi-part
program, insert POKE 23736,181
between the SAVE statements and
the computer will then SAVE all
the parts of the program without
the " Start the Tape" prompt.
== POKE 23756,0 will change the
first line of a program to Line 0 ,
-- POKE 23692, 255 will provide
automatic scrolling on long text
programs.
We are presently exchanging
newsletters with the following
Sinclair User Groups. If anyone
wishes to read any of the
newsletters on file just let me
know... Rod.
*TRIANGLE SUG
JOUGLASS DEWEY
96 JAMES ST.
3RRBORO,NC 27514
„S.U.G. of CINCINNATI
. FUNSTON LN.
NCINNATI, OH 45218
*VICTORIA SYNC ASSOCIATION
MR.D SHOOLIGIN
942 CLOVERDALE AVE.
VICTORIA, BC V8X 2T6
*CAPITOL AREA T.S.U.G.
P.0.BOX 725
BLANDENBURG, MARYLAND 29716
*TIME DESIGNS
29722 HULT RD.
COLTON, OREGON 97917
*TORONTO TS USERS
P.0.BOX 7274, STN. A
TORONT, ONT M5W 1x9
XSINCLAIR USERS MAGAZINE
2/0 3224 NW 38th AVE.
GAINSVILLE, FL 5
*PORTLAND AREA USERS
4798 S.W. 2815۲. AVE.
ALOHA, OREGON 7
*T/SUG OF FORT WORTH
C/O DAVID BAULCH
4424 GEDDES AVE.
FT.WORTH, TX 76197
*BOSTON COMPUTER SOCIETY
SINCLAIR SECTION
ONE CENTRE PLAZA
BOSTON, MA 92198
XN/E FLORIDA TS USERS GROUP
C/O JOHN KUHN
17487 KING ST.
JACKSONVILLE, FL 32264
¥ZX USERS GP OF NEW YORK
C/O G.CORONADO
BOX 568 - WALL ST.
NEW YORK, NY 19695
*PORTLAND AREA TS USERS GP
C/O KEVIN FOWLER
6854 N.E. MULTNOMAH
PORTLAND, OR 97213
*ATSU-HOME COMPUTER USERS
C/O RAY THORTON
P.0.BOX 16274
XSOUTHWESTERN T.S.U.G.
C/O CARL MILES
1233 SANDLER ST. N.E.
ALBUQUERQUE, NM 82112
¥SINCLAIR COMPUTER USERS SOC
SINCUS NEWS
P.0.BOX 36
JOHNSON CITY, NY 13798
XCLACKAMAS COUNTY AREA
TS GROUP; C/O ROD GOWEN
1419 1/2 7TH ST.
OREGON CITY, OR 97845
XCENTRAL PA T/S USERS GROUP
ZYNAPSE-C/O R.HEIL
1525 N. ASHWICKEN CT.
STATE COLLEGE, PA 16891
-10-
*GAINESVILLE TS USERS
C/0 JOE WILLIAMSON
3748 NEWBERRY RD.
GAINESVILLE, FL 32447
*BOSTON AREA TS USERS
C/O RICK HEISER
4 OX RGAD
BILLERICA, MA 91829
XSOUTH BAY COMPUTER CLUB
C/0 JOHN PETERSON
2316 WALNUT AVE.
MANHATTAN BEACH, CA 99266
XHAMPTON ROADS T.S.U.G.
17 REX AVE.
PORTSMOUTH,
VA 23702-2925
*L.I.S.T.
P.0.BOX 438
CENTERPORT, NY 11721-9438
*STHN VA T/S COMPUTER USERS
C/O GARY PRESTON
RT 1,BOX 21
GLADE HILL, VA 24992
*NEWSLETTER EXCHANGE
SVSTUG (TIMELINEZ/SINCLINK)
6675 CLIFFORD DRIVE
CUPERTINO, CA 95914-4539
¥CIRCLE CHESS TS USERS
C/O A.F.STANONIS
BOX 63
DES PLAINES, IL 7ء
*T.S. HORIZONS
2962 SUMMITT ST.
PORTSMOUTH. OHIO 45662
*THE GREATER CLEVELAND *T.U.G. of LAS VEGAS *SMUG BYTES
SINCLAIR USERS GROUP C/O J. SUMPOLEC OE SAVE FRANSON
6514 BRADLEY AVE. (DOWN) 2495 HOWARD DR. 2702 N. MURRAY AVE. NO. 1
PARMA, OHIO 44129 LAS VEGAS, NV 89194 MILWAUKEE, WI 53211
¥T/S USERS-MILE HIGH CHAPTER *TSUG OTTAWA/HULL ¥WMJ DATA SYSTEMS
me 1268 MAITLAND AVE. 4 BUTTERFLY DRIVE
AURORA. CO Bemis OTTAWA, ONT., K2C 2C6 HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788
EE *HAMPTON ROADS TS USERS GP XKEYBOARDS
ARARTARG ےجرد ےچ پر C/O DAVID ALFORD C/O PAUL KALINSKI
مویہ 112 KOHLER CRESCENT 12736 N. 17TH ST. APT I-212
MEXICO. DF. NEWPORT NEWS, VA 23496 TAMPA, FL 33612
መሪ መሪ መያ یہ መሪ یہ یہ یہ io OG یہ መጨ یہ یہ یہ OG یہ ጮህ መሪ OG OG OG OG یہ یہ ጨ፡ OG یہ یہ OG መሠ یہ یہ OG یہ OG መሪ OG OG መሠ OG OG OG OG یہ یہ یہ یہ یہ یہ
THIS IS A LIST OF PHONE NUMBERS THAT ARE ANSWERED BY A COMPUTER. MOST ARE BULLITON BOARDS.
SOME BELONG 70 COMPANIES (NO CRACKING, OKAY). SOME BELONG TO UNKNOWN COMPUTERS - MOST LIKELY FEDERAL GOVT SYSTEMS.
THIS LIST IS NOT COMPLETE BY Å LONG SHOT BUT SHOULD KEEP YSU MODEMERS BUSY FOR Å WHILE.
MAKE SURE YOU GIVE CITY-LINK à CALL AND HAVE A LOOK AT THE VARIOUS DISCUSSIONS HOSTED BY CUR OWN JOHN BROHMAN.
B.B.S. Name Number
* dede ce e de de dede cde oe Nede Fe Fe de de de de de de År dece de de de de de He He eoe kkk He de de de de He جا
Unknown -------------------------------- 669-2215
Unknown -------------------------------- 669-2234
Unknown -—------------------------------- 669-2377
Unknown -------------------------------- 669-2402
Unknown -—--------------------------2----- 669-2460
Unknown -------------------------------- 669-2602
Unknown —-------------------------------- 669-4527
Hav-Info-------------------------------- 683-1991
Soto Blue C64 -------------------------- 683-1914
Sota Main ------------------------------ 688-5061
Datapac node --------------------------- 689-8601
Twilight Zone -------------------------- 731-2724
Element County ------------------------- 731-6966
Ed Net ----------------------------2----- 734-3282
Ground Zero ---------------------------- 736-7823
Fast80 #3 ------------------------------ 738-2773
Compuserve node ------------------------ 738-5157
Turbo BBS ------------------------------ 738-7811
Ibliss BBS ----------------------------- 872-2316
Unknown ---------------------------2----- 874-8350
Unknown -------------------------------- 875-9788
Oneiro's Oracle ------------------------ 876-4868
Swap Shop ------------------------------ 888-0052.
Unknown -------------------------2------- 943-0734
Unknown -------------------------------- 946-0955
M.C.R. መመ“. ent mii oum t oi de sut O 8... لچ cen om cin. ہے መ ብ ብ ብ 222-1551
Citylink ------------------------------- 222-2000
Microstat -------------------------2----- 224-2337
9067 UBC NIUM -------------------------- 228-9051
Medical Services ----------------------- 261-5150
Unknown -------------------------------- 261-6020
Sparkboard ----------------------------- 261-9149
Midi BBS ------------------------------- 263-8487
Blackboard ----------------------------- 263-8573
Missing Link ----------------------.---- 270-3657
CCC BBS ---------------------2--2--------- 271-1082
Startrader ----------------------------- 272-2549
Disk Box ------------------------------- 274-7900
B.A.M.H. Handicapped ------------------- 291-0542
V.S.E. —-—-------------2-2--2----2--2----2------ 321-1130
Unknown -------------------------------- 321-2161
ASCII Express -------------------------- 321-4581
Castle Arrrrrgh ------------------------ 327-9494
LG73 ----------------------------2------- 327-9762
New (after 10pm) ----------------------- 421-2301
Buy & Sell ----------------------------- 433-6713
Hardcore (answer) ---------------------- 438-2011
Hardcore (node) ------------------------ 596-2011
Hardcore ----------------------------—-——- 873-2011
Unknown -------------------------------- 597-1964
Dillingham Corp ------------------------ 669-0570
Unknown -------------------------------- 438-2131
Unknown -------------------------------- 475-7699
Fast80 45 ------------------------------ 520-1470
Peephole -----------------.------------- 526-3587
Unknown -------------------------------- 531-6473
Unknown ------------------------.-------- 534-1605
OS-9 ---------------------2-2-2-2-2--------- 536-0024
Unknown -------------------------------- 536-8533
Unknown -------------------------2------- 574-3836
Real State ------------------------—-——=—= 574-0015
Delta80 -------------------------------- 585-0680
Delta80II ------------------------------ 585-5614
Unknown ---------------------------2----- 588-4375
OTO BBS -------------------------------- 589-0592
Unknown ---------------------—=-—-—-=——=———— 590-0851
Fast Master --------------------- መ= መመመ 594-7398
Fantasia ------------------------------- 594-8165
Unknown --------------------------~-~~~- 669-0906
Unknown ---------------------2--2-2-2--2----- 669-0960
Unknown -------------------------------- 669-1931
THE ZEEPER SPEAKS...
Greetings to my favorite
orphans,
Oh I can hear the groans
now. Here comes the Zeeper to
further humiliate us. Well, rest
assured that I have managed to
contain my smugness over the
demise of one Sir Clive Sinclair
from the computer world. There
will be no I-told-you-so's or
muffled giggles. The Zeeper is
much too big a person for that
sort of thing. In fact, I was
raised to be kind to those less
fortunate than myself.
I thought you would like
to hear what has been happening
in the world of real computers.
I have just returned from the
annual convention of Zeepers
International. Yes, there are
many Zeepers in the world of
computers. In fact, you will
find our handiwork wherever
people congregate around any
brand of computer. At our
convention, we compared notes
and had a great time. Yours
truly, won an award for
single-handedly picking off
Clive Sinclair. There were
others even more prominent.
Over in Amiga land we were
very busy making sure that this
super-duper mega graphics,
all-in-one, humdinger computer
from Commodore received the same
level of after-market support as
the Edsel. That was called the
Great Deception Campaign. The
Amiga has GREAT GRAPHICS- if you
buy the very expensive extra
memory to make it work! The
Amiga is IBM COMPATIBLE- if you
can find a software emulator
that is faster than an epileptic
slug or buy a Sidecar hardware
add-on for mega-bucks! The Amiga
takes a HARD DRIVE- and about
-13-
$2000.00 ! The Amiga does
MULTI-TASKING- if you have about
six months to do nothing else
but figure out how to make it
work!
Apple land is completely
under Zeeper control. We thought
they had learned their lesson
with LISA. That was not the
case. Enter MacIntosh. A cute
little machine with a Mouse. We
made sure it was absolutely
impossible to do anything on
your own with that silly little
rodent. We made sure it was so
tied up with source code
spaghetti and legal restrictions
that nobody would support it.
Apple will never recover.
IBM is not forgotten
either. BIG BLUE land requires a
full division of Zeepers. Now
IBM is not an opponent to be
taken lightly. We are talking
about the Great Grand Mogul of
the computer world. Only the
most experienced Zeepers get on
the BIG BLUE team. There is an
entirely different tactic used
with BIG BLUE. First, every time
they come out with a new machine
of any significant value, we
make sure it is cloned to death.
Everybody and their dog can make
an IBM PC compatible better and
cheaper than IBM, with a lot
more features. Next, we made it
the industry standard. This was
not the blessing it would appear
to be. We also made it the most
boring of machines. Everyday all
around the world, millions of
people are doing very boring
menial little jobs with an IBM
PC. They are using boring LOTUS
and boring SYMPHONY and
particularly boring WORDSTAR and
DBASE. There is an entire
industry devoted to making
endlessly boring spreadsheets,
data bases, and word-processors.
IBM PC users are doomed to a
life of tedious boredom.
There aren't many fun
things to do with an IBM PC. The
BIG BLUE division is ever
vigilant to make sure that "fun"
software writers stay
un-discovered. In fact, our
division has been so successful
that it cost an arm and a leg to
advertise in IBM glossy
magazines so that the "fun"
writers can't afford to
advertise. The only way to get
the real fun stuff is if you get
freeware on a BBS. The fun guys
are actually begging you to pay
free. It's sad. Even I couldn't
be that cruel. We have coined
the phrase Incredibly Boring
Machine. The next time you see a
wretched little data entry clerk
hunched over a desk with eyes
permanently glazed over you'll
know how effective the BIG BLUE
division has been.
So you see, we Zeepers
haven't just singled out you
lowly Timex users. We spread
around. You guys are just my
particular specialty. Don't
think that because I finally
stomped Sir Clive into the mud
face first, that I am finished
with you. Not by a long shot.
it
ጓሮ ሠ ሠ ነሁ ሆ ዓ پاپ ነሆ ጓካሁ ሠሪ ዓሯ ነሪ ነሆ “ኻሮ ሠ ዓሁ ጓሆ ነሆ ጓሆ ጓሮ ጓሆ ዓ/ vv ነሆ ዓሠ ነሪ ሠ vv Op Ab Oy ሠ يہ Ay Oy ዓዖ ሠ ነሁ ሠ ي ፍሆ پ۹ ጓሆ * ص۹ *ሆ ሦ ና ና ሠ
T/S 2066 SOUND ROUTINES
GUNSHOTS bu- Re HUSSEN, مس توچ رو sone: - EXPLOSION: -
ją ۱ 2 42 = 42
7,52;8,15 SOUND 5,6;7,7;8,15;9,15
48 SOUND 5,15;7%,7;,8,15;9,15 18 SOUND 7,82;83,185 18 16.15:12,55;13,8
10,15; 45,227 13,8 20 FOR I=5@ TO 108 sed eg
ek a =
2a us 52 = -PRIIS =
20 PAUSE 62 30 SOUND O,I;PRUSE ہیں syynp 9,0;9,0; 10,0
30 GOTO 38 JE de =
A c kc oc kc ae 2K kc 2K e kc ፡ች ፋች ቸቹ ዛች XC 2K ET ETTE EEE EE ETE TETTE ET ETE ተች EEE EEE
Dial-by-voice phone on line
Å speech recognizer patented this week has made possible a new
dial-by-voice car telephone to be introduced this summer. Three
staff scientists at AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J., were
awarded patent 4,587,670 for the mathematical procedure, which is
said to eliminate 90 per cent of the computation previously required
to identify spoken sounds.
The new cellular phone, developed by AT&T Consumer Products
as AT&T 1280, will enable a motorist to dial a number by pronouncing
a person’s name. Twenty different numbers can be stored. The qua-
lities of each sound are compared statistically rather than by com-
paring recorded patterns. The inventors are Stephen E. Levinson,
Lawrence R. Rabiner and Man M. Sondhi.
=1 ዛ፦
PLAYING WITH ELECTRICITY (fx) by Harvey Taylor
In the course of developing my Fractal program, I have
developed data compression/expansion procedures for use with
QL graphics screens. The price one pays for high resolution
in a bit mapped display is lots of memory used in the frame
buffer, the display file, the video ram....whatever you want
to call that portion of memory devoted to the display. In
particular, the QL uses 32K bytes for the primary screen. A
little bit of arithmetic will tell you that is 256K bits. The
maximum resolution is 512x256, ie. 128K points; which means
that the QL uses 2 bits per pixel in mode 4 and has 4
colours. In mode 8 ( 256x256 screen), there are 4 bits per
Pixel which would give 16 colours, except that one bit is
assigned to FLASH, so there are only (2”3=)8 colours.
The practical problem is that every time you save a
whole screen of information it takes up 32K of mass storage.
On floppy disks you can live with these numbers, but on
microdrive the story is different. Each microdrive can hold
about 110K or three screens & precious little else.
The practical solution is data compression. The method I
used, called run length encoding, is the height of
simplicity. Begin at the start of the screen. Look for
sequences of more than three consecutive bytes which are the
same. If you come across succeeding bytes which are
different, save the individual bytes. When you find more
than three bytes the same, save a flag byte, a count of the
bytes and the byte itself. Thus using this method, a complete
screen of one colour could be saved in three bytes. In
practice, the amount of compression depends upon how much of
the screen is the same colour.
You might have wondered how the program reacts if it
comes across a single byte which is the same as the flag
byte. Clearly one must choose a flag byte which is not
common. However in the unlikely event of this happening, the
saving procedure appends a length of zero which tells the
loading procedure "This is not a flag byte."
The code below is extensively commented. Drop me a line
& a blank microdrive if you wish a copy of the code.
፥ SSAVE, SLOAD
፥ by Harvey Taylor
፥
GET 'flpl_STANDARD_HDR6"
CN_ITOHW EQU $FC
10 FSTRG EBU j
FLAG EQU $1234
SET_UP_PROC LEA PROC_TABL,A1 ቆቶ Link procedures into Superbasic
VECT N BP INIT,A2
MOVER 08
RTS
PROC_TABL DCW 2 + # OF PROCEDURES
DC.W 55ለሃፔ-፥ + POINTER
= 15-
SSAVE
SCRSAVE
8 LOOP
FIRST_TST
+ # LEN OF NAME
+ NAME!
+ END OF PROC
፥ # OF FUNCTIONS
+ END OF TABLE
+ ANY PARAMETERS?
፥ NUMBER OF PARAMETERS
* END OF BUFFER MARK
+ BUFFER COUNT.W OF BYTES
+ Gti inc 8080 TO CHECK
፥ AT THIS POINT THERE ARE NOW AT LEAST 3 OF THE SAME WORDS IN A ROW
CHK_FLAG
REGULAR
R LOOP
INSERT
INSERT ONE
INSERT TWO
SCR TEST
08:8 5
DC.B — 'SSAVE'
DC.N — SLOAD-+
۵8:8 5
DC.B — 'SLOAD'
DC.N 8
ርዝ 8
DC.L 8
CNOP 8,2
CMPA.L A5,A3
BEQ ፻፻ ERROR
VECTOR CA_GTSTR,A2
CHPI.W 81,03
BNE — BP ERROR
BSR OPEN NCHAN
BNE — ERR EXIT
MOVE.L ة3
LEA — BUF MARK,A4
LEA 5
MOVE 7
MOVE.W (3) ,D3
CHP.W 2/63) ,D3
BNE INSERT ONE
CHP.W — 4(A3),D3
BNE _ INSERT TWO
CHPI.W FLAG, (A3)
BNE REGULAR
MOVE.W #FLAG, (A5)
MOVE.W #0, (A5)+
۸008. 44,02
BRA — SCR TEST
MOVEO 81
ADDO — ፅፅ ة3
CHP.W (1) ,03
BNE INSERT
ADDO 11,01
ADDO — 12,43
CHPA.L 3
BLT R LOOP
MOVE.W ۰۶+
MOVE.W ۶
MOVE.W D3, (AS)+
۸00. #6,D2
BRA — SCR TEST
MOVE.W D3, (A5) +
ADDO — 42,02
ADDQ.L : 73
BRA — SCR TEST
MOVE.W D3, (AS) +
MOVE. 2143), (A5)+
ADDO 44.12
۵008 ሯ44,ለ፤
CMPA.L 3
፥ FLAG?
* INSERT FLAG
+ ZERO COUNT
# SET UP WORD COUNT.W
+ ARE THE NEXT BYTES THE SAME?
+ WORD ۷
* FLAG
+ REPEAT COUNT. ዘ
* OBJECT
+ INCREASE BYTE COUNT.W
+ BUFFER BYTES COUNT.W
-16-
BET
CMPA.L
BLT
MOVE.L
MOVE
LEA
QDOS
BNE
CMPA.L
BLE
BRA
BUF TEST
SAVE STRE
SLOAD CHPA.L
BEQ
VECTOR
CMPI.W
BNE
BSR
BNE
MOVE.L
MOVE. W
BSR
BEQ
CMPI.L
BNE
LEA
CMPA.L
BEQ
LEA
CMPI.W
BEG
MOVE. W
CMPA.L
BBE
CMPA.L
BET
BRÅ
a flag
ለ008...
CHPA.L
BGE
MOVEQ
MOVE. W
BEQ
CMPA.L
BGE
MOVE. W
SUBO. W
MOVE. W
DBRA
CAPA.L
BLT
BRA
MOVE. W
BET_STRG
GS CONT
CHK WORD
* at this point
PROCESS
BUILD LOOP
BU LOOP
END TEST
ZEROCOUNT
5۸۷۲. 6
A4,A5 * ARE WE PAST THE MARK
FIRST_TST
D7,A8 * FILE CHAN ID
t-1,D3 + TIMEOUT
BUFFER, Al # D2 ALREADY SET UP
10_SSTRG,3
ERROR
1528080,43 * PAST END?
B LOUP
CLOSE UP * CLOSE UP & QUIT
AS ,A3 * ANY PARAMETERS?
BP_ERROR
LA BTSTR,A2 + 8005 ROM call leaves string on stack
#1,D3 ፥ NUMBER OF PARAMETERS
BP_ERROR
OPEN ۷
ERR_EXIT
፥፥20000,ለ5 ፥ DISPLAY BUFFER
+$208,D2 * BUF LEN.W
FETCH
65 CONT * if OK, go ahead
፥-10,08 + End of File?
ERR EXIT
BUFFER , A2
A2,A1
CLOSE_UP * IF EOF & DATA, PROCESS
BUFFER ,A2
` #FLAG, (ለ2)
PROCESS
(A2)+, (AS) + ፥ PUT WORD ON SCREEN
A1,A2 + END OF BUFFER?
BET STRG
152808, 5
CLOSE UP ቶ IF > END OF DFILE
CHK_WORD
word has been seen
#2,A2
A1,A2 * END OF BUFFER?
GET_COUNT
#0,D6 * CLEAR TOP BYTES
(82) +,Dó + GET COUNT
ZEROCOUNT
A1,A2
BET, OBJECT
(A2)+,D5 ፥ GET OBJECT
#1,D6 * ADJUST FOR DBRA
D5, (A5)+ * PUT OBJECT ON SCREEN
D5,BU LOOP
ስ1,ጳ2 + END OF BUFFER?
CHK_WORD
GET STRG
FLAG, (A5) +
-17-
` GET COUNT
8C CONT
GET OBJECT
G0 CONT
FETCH
ÜPEN OCHAN
OPEN NCHAN
OPEN CHAN
OG EXIT
BP ERROR
ERR EXIT
ERROR
CLOSE UP
EXIT
፥
FILE_CHAN
BUFFER
BUF MARK
BRA
MOVE.W
BSR
BEQ
CHPI.L
BNE
CMPA.L
BEQ
LEA
MOVE. ዘ
BEQ
MOVE.W
BSR
BEQ
CMPI.L
BNE
CMPA.L
BEQ
LEA
MOVE.W
BRA
LEA
MOVEQ
MOVE.L
2005
RTS
MOVEQ
BRA
MOVE
LEA
MOVE
QDOS
BNE
LEA
MOVE. L
MOVE.L
MOVEQ
RTS
MOVEQ
VELT N
BRA
VECT_N
LEA
MOVE.L
0008۷
MOVED
RTS
DS.L
05.1.
05.1
END
END_TEST
12,02
FETCH
ፀር CONT
i-18,08
ERR EXIT
A1,A2
ERR EXIT
BUFFER A2
(A2) +, Då
LEROCOUNT
82,02
FETCH
60_CONT
i-10,D8
ERR EXIT
A1,A2
ERR EXIT
BUFFER „AŻ
(2) +,DS
BUILD LOUP
8481
8-3,
00
103
* BUF LEN.W
+ EOF?
+ COUNT
+ OBJECT
* TIMEDUT
* CHAN ID
* fetch string
18,03 # OLD EXCLUSIVE FILE
OPEN CHAN
82,03
8(A5,A1.L) „AB
8-1
10۵2
* NEW EXCLUSIVE FILE
+ AØ=> FILENAME
+ THIS JOB
'OC EXIT
FILE CHAN,AI
A8, (AL)
A8,D7
40,08
፥ CHAN ID
1-15,08
UT ERR,A2
EXIT
UT ERRØ,A2
FILE CHAN,AI
(A1) „AB
10 CLOSE, 2
10,08
128 ፥ POSSIBLE SECTOR SIZE + ?
16
-18-
WORKING WITH THE ZXGL/TSL0G6 DISPLAY FILE
By Ken Abramson
The April, 55 Newsletter (Page 41 gave ል
neat little drawing program called,
"PRINT." Here is the original listing:
18 REM
11 REM PHIL DOUGHTY
VIC 64
P.O. BOX 5118
PROVIDENCE, RI 02985
38 LET v=5
25 IHPUT =
40 PRINT HT vY,x;5%;
56 IF Z THEN PRINT AIS VE GT RE
525 IF INKEY$="5" AND 40 THEN
LET AsSX=i
78 IF oe ab AND 4<51 THEN
E. ጆ=ጺሟተ 2
30 IF INKEY$="65" AND v*<21 THEN
LET Yey tF
SØ IF INKEYS$="7" AND Y>Ø THEN
LET eer =
198 IF INKEYS$="0" THEN LET Z=NO
IF INKEY$="C" THEN GOTO 35
GOTO 48
SAVE "PAINT"
RUN
ኀ تلا ضا
pe ضر تڑا ሀ)
bed زا ህ ዚነ
w oi ca uU]
PROBLEM:
When the drawing is finished, you must
BREAK the program in order to COPY the
screen to the printer, Once your beautiful
drawing has heen printed, it Will
dizakpear when you tru to restart the
Programe
Mang people do not realize that the
Display File (screen memory) can easily be
Saved by Saving While the program is
running and the drawing is still on the
screen. Add the following line to the
above program:
11? IF INKEYR="5" THEN SAVE "PAINT"
Just press "S" while the finished drawing
is still on the screen and your drawing
Will be saved. (By the way, delete the last
tuo program lines; lines 9998 and 9999 are
no longer needed.! The drawing should come
back on the screen after being saved, and
uou can continue working on it.
The trouble remains, however, that once
you BREAK the program to COPY to the
printer, you cannot restart the program
Without losing your original screen. What
to do? Simply insert your COPY command
into the program as another prodram line:
116 IF INKEY%="Z" THEN COPY
You Can now retain the screen after
COFYING, save your screen on tape at any
stade and resume working on it at any
stade,
Bingo! we nob have a practical drawing
program. Now add å little instruction menu
for user friendliness and there you have
ites. a. powerful little drawing program in
less than ik!:
18 REM ++ZXDRAWU++
EY KEN ABRAMSON
28 REM BASED ON THE PROGRAM
"PRINT" BY PHIL DOUGHTY
22 REM THIS FROGRAM TAKES
PHILS PROGRAM SEVERAL STEPS
FURTHER Br ALLOWING YOU TO SAVE
A SCREEN DRAWING. HARDCOPY IT,
AMD CONTINUE WORK ING ON IT.
40 CLS
59 PRINT TAB F7: "ZXDRAU CONTROL
KEYS",TAB 7; DNS
= کٹ MOVES CURSOR FEET, 13. =
MOWES CURSOR DONN" "7 -MOUES C
URSGR ا یک -MOUEŚ CURSOR RIG
HT". “ወ -DRAH (CURSOR NOT FLASH
INGI ` -ERASE (CURSOR FLASHING
E - -CHANGE DRAWING CHRRRCTE
8". "M -INSTRUCTION MENU",,,"5
SAVE SCREEN DIRECTLY TO TAPE” 3^9
“Z -COPY TO PRINTER"
58 PRINT AT 21,0; “PRESS™
TO oo gan DRAWING"
INPUT F$
ża =ኢ:ሠሠ
98 CLS
100 LET S$='
119 LET Zzà
120 LET X=15
130 LET Y=18
148 GOTO 188
158 INPUT 35%
150 PRINT AT YV,X; S$;
178 IF Z THEN PRINT AT ORS -”
188 IF INKEY $=" AND X>0 THEN’
LET X=xX-1
198 IF INKEY$="38" AND X<31 THEN
LET X=X+1
200 IF INKEY$="5" AND Y<21 THEN
LET r=r+1
210 IF INKEY$="7" AND Y>Ø THEN
220 IF INKEY$="0" THEN LET Z=NO
259 IF INKEY$="C" THEN GOTO 158
240 IF INKEY$="5" THEN SAVE "ZX
250 IF INKEY$="Z" THEN COPY
250 IF INKEY$="M'" THEN GOTO 4a
270 GOTO 1688
-19-
FROBLEM:
Can more than one screen be drawn,
stored, and saved using à single program?
30 Far, oun drawing program is Capable o£
Saving the Display File directly from RAM.
But the program Can only Save one
screenful in total, whether the computer
if using 2۴ or 15۴ o£ RAM.
Using 15 of RAM Should permit the
Storage o£ several screens if the contents
of the Display File are dumped into a
different string variable array each time
3. screen iz finished. This process has a
major disadvantage, since the poor old
T/ZL0GG takes a long time (about 15 -
seconds even in FAST MODE! to dump the 725
byte Display File into 2 String array, and
Just as long a time tu POKE the stored
string Characters back into the Display
File in order to show å screen.
The following program illustrates the use
of å string array for storing a screen and
regenerating the screen from storage:
18 REM ++ZXDRAUWU+% (T/51000)
Br KEN ABRAMSON
2Ø REM THIS PROGRAM SHOWS HOU
TO SAVE THE DISPLAY FILE IN Å
STRING ARRAY (LINES 400 TO 450)
AND HOW TO PORE THE STRING
CHARACTERS BACK. INTO THE
DISPLAY FILE OR SCREEN MEMORY
(LINES 540 TO 530).
30 FETT DEZ"
40 LET 5$="3"
58 SLOW
BØ CLs
70 PRINT TAB 10; ADB: ME
HU“. TAB 10; THE 2
;:"1. NEW DRAWING" , TAB 2; ; "2. CON
TINUE DRAWING", , „TAB 2;"3, COPY
DRAWING ONTO SCREEN" rm MOAB Tes de
COPY DRAWING TO PRINTER" ,, „TAB
2;"S. SAVE SCREEN TO TAPE"
5ፎ IF INKEY$="1" THEN GOTO 179
90 LET C$=INKEYS
180 IF INKEYS$="2" THEN GOTO 538
118 LET C$=INKEYS
128 IF INKEY$="3" THEN GOTO 538
138 LET C$=IHKEY $
148 IF INKEY$="4" THEN GOTO 538
158 IF IMKEY$="5" THEN GOTO 480
166 GOTO 89
178 CLS
188 PRINT TAB 10: "CONTROL KEYS"
TAB 10; EEE SN "RES ፡፣
, "UO -MOVES
CURSOR LEFT",,,"6
-MOUES CURSOR
DOUN",,,"7 -MOUES CURSOR UP",,,
"O -MOVES CURSOR RIGHT",,,"Ø -DOR
AW (CURSOR NOT FLASHING)", >> =ER
ASE (CURSOR FLASHING)‘ ZEE -CHA
NGE NUTS ARN CHARACTER" ,, "M -(1RI
N MENU",,"(SAVES SCREEN TO RAM F
IRST]",,,"5 -SAVE SCREEN DIRECTL
Y TO TAPE"
190 PRINT AT 21,0; "PRESS EE
TG BEGIN DRAWING"
206
210
220
259
240
==
2608
270
280
230
5908
LET X
310
EET
320
LET
230
LET Y
540
ZZ
350
550
570
252
398
+08
410
420
6597
4322
440
450
452
470
456
498
508
RERDY ,
518
526
538
540
S508
5560
6597
o
580
598
eoa
532
520
530
542
658
552
ora
555
ICE
690
700
710
720
FOR M
730
746
-20-
INPUT P$
ZLOW
CLS
LET کے
LET x=15
LET v=1Ø
GOTO 288
INPUT 5$
PRINT AT Y,X; S$;
IF 2 THEN PRINT AT
IF INKEY$="5" AND Z>0 THEN’
IF INKEY$="8" AND X<31 THEN
IF INKEY$="6 "5" AND Y<21 THEN
IF IN AND Y>Ø THEN
THEN LET Z=NO
THEN GOTO 278
IF INKEYs=
=Y-1
THEN GOTO iaa
THEN GOTO 430
w 23061: M
Ee
IF INKEY$="Ø"
IF INKEY$="C"
LET L$=IHKEYv$
IF INKEY$="5"
IF. INKEYS="M"
GOTO 288
FAST
DIM D£i?28)
LET DzPEEK 16396+2564PEEK 1
FOR F=1 TO 726
LET D$iF)!zCHR$ PEEK (D+F)
NEXT F
IF L$="5" THEN GOTO 580
GOTO 5a
THEN GOTO 6768
21,0; "WHEN TAPE IS
IF D4=" at
Sien
CLS
FRINT AT
» PRESS
INPUT Py
SAVE "“2XDRAR"
IF D$='"" THEN GOTO
FAST
CLS
LET DzPEEK 15396+256+PEEK 1
FOR F=1 TO 726
PORE D+F,CODE رح وم
NEXT
ZLOW
672
THEN
THEN
GOTO 720
COPY
GOTO 280
PRINT AT 18,
FOR P=1 TO 30
NEXT P
GOTO 5a
PRINT AT
ENU"
INPUT P%
GOTO 50
7; "USE MENU CHO
21,0; "PRESS
Line 416 sets aside 726 bytes in which ቲር
store the contents of the Display File (22
lines x 32 columns + 22 slots for ENTER
characters needed at the end ር each
line).
سر ١دا
ነ
Line 428 calculates the address of the
beginning o£ the Display File.
Lines 438 to 458 store each bute of the
bisplay File in correct order in the
string array D$. Other drawings could be
stored in Other string arraz, €e.4. As,
5ጴ. ርቅ. etc.
To get the drawing from the string array
back to the screen, each byte must ke
POKER back into the Display File.
ہے ے mmm ہے ہے ہج ہے بے
ہے ጩጨ ጨ سے ጩ سے سے ہو ہے ہو ہج نج ===መ=ጭ== on
z" "zc=s=cao=czo=z=s=s= سس ےہ
100 REM audicscan
182 DEF FH alli =1+INT (.541.303
183 GO SUB 416
185 cO TO 200
118 DRAW INK FH a(t/1.5);x-n,IN
T C= 1.5: LET Sam: LET Yet:
RETURN
120 CRAH INK FH att ø1.,
: RETURN
200 PAPER ©: INK 7: BRIGHT 1: C
L3
210 PRINT AT 8,182; "Audioscan"
220 PRINT AT 2,2; "This program
"
ra
|
ኪነ
Gives a Graphic representatin
n Gf a signal input to the za
53 ear socket,
225 PRINT HT 7,2;"Load tape or
other signal ZGUTCE to the ear
SOCKET and select option:"
2380 PRINT AT 12,5;'1--line grap
h" AT 15,5, '2--bar graph";AT 14,
5; "3--point graph"
240 INPUT INVERSE 1; "enter opti
on {1 to 317,42: IF 441 OR q>3 TH
EN GO TO 2480
250 CLS : PRINT
a
1; INVERSE 155
ce ቲር Freeze 5
Du LEN ےو
LET ቢ=ህ58 t
S
sp t 5
LET^xz0- LET uz
255 FOR ከ=ጄ5 TO 255
one: PLOT n, INT tte.
ao IF 4:3 THEN GO SUB 1@@4+iq41
ei
255 LET i$-zIHKEY£: IF ig=" " TH
EN GO TO 300
270 HEXT n
275 60 TO 258
aga PRINT Hi; INVERSE 3 ; "m=menu
f=restart ፍኗ=ኗክጩ': PAUSE a
310 LET i$=INKEY$: IF i%="m" TH
EN RUN
328 IF i$="r" THEN GO TO 2768
330 IF i£-"e'" THEN STOP
348 GO TO 388
480 DATA 1,8,255,17,8,0,219,254
:203,119,32,1,19,18,247,66,75, 2Ø
1
418 LET tone=65368
420 FOR n=tone TO tone+17: READ
d: POKE n,d: NEXT n: RETURN
425 STOP
438 SAVE "audiozcan": RUN
Line 560 again locates the address of the
beginning Of the Displau File (Which moves
around).
Lines S7@ to 598 POKE each byte from the
string array, Oh, into each successive
address in the Display File. Again, by
accessing stored information from other
string arrays, other screens may ኤዴ
generated. |
The above program may ke expanded ta
Store at least ten screens. YOU may like
to try your hand at this yourself, or a
ten screen version will soon be found in
our software library for circulation. IF
you DO create some interesting graphics,
please send them to the Newsletter. HAPPY
DRAWING!!!
=ሯሯሙ:2=:2ር= 2 ረ: 5ጮፎ ፎፎ ርፎ :ፎ 5 5 5 = ====፦=
=========5=ኤ=5=፳=፳=፳=፳=።==፳=ጅ=መ==፳==፳መ======
Make sure you try these two
programs - they're well worth the
effort.
و ااا -21-
I can't remember where I originally
found this little gem so my
apologies to the originator but it
is such a great little graph
program I had to share it.
ےہ
PORE 23583 à 15
CLS8 : PRINT FLASH
STOP TAPE! å
PRINT RT 15.0: رہد
PL E
za PAUSE 298 2 : 60 To 929980
58 FOR ህ=58 TO 158 STEP 19
55 PLOT 58,u: ይጾጸህ 159,83
FB NEXT u
75 RETURH
188 REM E =f ert ti TF
205 LET =CUDE و (213-56
1198 FOR nsi TO 12
i28 LET xznsi8: LET STEFF ERI
158 LET zazÜ: IF z3m THEN LET x
sm: LET zrzazi
- 4435 FOR ዚ=3 ፐር 3
158 PLOT x+k+p.58
LES! CET 020: IE .& B THEM :.. => =
CRAU OVER o;Ø,7+i1023 -ሮ=
IF 2=8 THEN PLOT U =፡፳+
A 43
Hi E
443
BE”
^ra 19082
omni
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ei
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‘ON ERR RESET : INPUT “enter
truction code:":a£: IF LEM a
$:2 ok LEN a$:2 THEN GO TO 1818
1915 15 afż='st' TREN STOP
1839 IF z$="in'" THEM GO To 9198
1838 IF aż="cl" THEN GO TO 39989
2 IF a$(l)="e" THEN GO TO 488
d
1950 IF agilis"1" OR a$(1)-"2" o
R a$(11="3" THEN GO TO SBGA
4255 IF a&z'"zv" THEN SAUE cS LIN
E 310
1985 IF ag$="vr" THEN VERIFY c$
1978 ፲ኛ a$="fl" THEM GO TO 76888
1038 IF a$="co" THEN COPY
19898 IF a$="mx" THEN GO TO 2088
1835 IF a$="nt" TREN INPUT “Titi
ET: PAGE IF LEN h$:22 THEN GO TO
55225 IF a$="nt" THEN PRINT AT 3.
45° Tod ፻
ቴዙ
rr:
eo
TO 1000
e
ርር.
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"Enter New Max
BORDER 5
PRINT AT 1,6;h%
GO SUB gagů
PRINT AT 17
l-";/AT 19,9;
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' ሀህህሀ,(ቫ ሩ NHC ٭-یم رع ضر
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PADLE: MG AF 13
"AT 28,80; "3-
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3098
3108
PLOT 55,152
CRAW O,-182: DRAW 199,0
2110 GO SUB یتم
3128 PRINT RT 18,7; t$; AT 17,7;m$
BT 18,7in$
3130 PRINT AT 3,2; BRIGHT lim
3148 PLOT A, ወ: HU 255,8: DRRU
0.175: DRRU 2: DRAN 8,-175
3388 cO TO 1008
+808 REM:
HAAS _
Siz) <
4807 LET ztz= a
4005 IF g$(CODE
" THEN GO TO 4a2
S
4818 IF g$(CODE ag (21-98) <3"
" THEN INPUT “Hew FLLE CY) sUpdat
5 Old ini Ig Fe 18=”ዛ” THEN GO
TO
1812
4025
CET stal
4245 FOR ህ=3 TO 12
4015 IF 3 iCODE 8$(2)-S56,W)=-,1 T
HEN LET st=w: GO TO 4100
4820 NEXT w
40821 GO TO 41869
4025 INPUT “Enter fite Mame tSchs
f:'",9€(CODE 538 (2) -95) "
4033 PRINT AT 4«CODE S$(2)-36,.2;
8 !ሮሀሯጅ ag (21 -961
4050 PLOT 56,152. ይጾጸህ تا ,-2፲፳=
4858 GO SUB 58 :
4070 FOR b=1 TO 12
4800 LET giCODE 551=ሯ3>2ሮ5 رح =a
4058 NEXT b
4120 FOR 3=51 TO iz
4118 PRINT AT 28,98; "Data for Hon
Lie Ma መተ Re
4128 INPUT gicope 3ሜ 1231 -935,54
4130 IF 3 iCODE 34 (21 -98,41 == THE
H GO TO 4156
4143 NEXT 3
4258 PRINT AT 283 "°
TO
DEE
“ا
eT F4 T1 71
— FM HM 7 C TE
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3.
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TU
C) C3 Gat SO ሮሀ FO Ga ርህ ]۱(
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188 IF a$ill="1" THEM LET papi
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å IF a$iliz"3" THEN LET p=p3
i ET tziCODE 58-45=)]
2 RINT HT 17+41,2/9$(CODE 38!
}
5
TO 1828
گا ىہ زا ال TRE) Ga
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232 MLS PRINT AT 8,10; BRIGHT
4:" File Values ”
7028 FOR €=17 TO 28
7825 PRINT RT E, SE 148+e 1; ”፦
193 (6-16)
7058 PRINT AT
":9$ie-12]
7048 PRINT AT
“":95(5-5)
€,-
3 F3 r5
إل ا ل“ ل“
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PRINT RT w
POR d= si- TO. 19
PRINT AT
PRINT AT
PRINT AT
PRINT AT
BRIGHT 1;"
“44” “1 “4 “4 n
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3375 PRINT > enter የ”ያ! ጣሣ to get
File values,"
3188 PRINT "Enter "mx" -to-get
NEU ax value,"
3185 PRINT. "This Will erase any
old Plate,
51928 PRINT "Enter sosy 1.3 tav
& ሀከ tape,"
S135 PRINT “This Will save GPGP
With Files,"
S200 PRINT “ "Enter Serer tę cie
ar plats,"
9218 PRINT EREP IRE to ZEE
Sear Ges cine
3215 PRINT EDLE 4. COL" tü 8
d On Paper,"
S220 PRINT FLASH T RC Press EM
TER te continue, Y
9288 PAUSE a
9288 IF IHKEY '8="ር” THEN COPY
225 GO TO 3908
<<<<<<K<<<K<K<<<<<<<<<<<<<<(<
18 SAVE "
. 35 FOKE 1
20 PRINT
| 28 INPUT
42 PRINT
„SQ PRINT
680 INPUT
70 PRINT
SQ PRINT
THS?”
1
no
7
LOAN"
6513,2 ad :
D او OF LORN?"
H
"ANNUAL
å
“LOAN DURATION IN MON
INTEREST RATE
28 INPUT M
108 PRINT M
118 LET Z=(R/180) “22
lad LET D=(1+7) 55፡11
138 LET ይ.=- (12 ሪር)
148 LET P=Rz[Z;4D)
158 LET P=.Ø1+INT | (P+100+1)
160 PRINT "PAYMENT=":P
178 PRIHT
zð SCROLL
ጃኳ... I=1 TO H تا
2@ SCROLL
225 PRINT AT 9,8 t; CONO. INTERST
PRINCIPAL BRLANC="
23a LET ከሪ - Z
240 EET Y zZINT iF 3ج 83+, 5( 7100
250 LET R=P-y
2508 IF RA THEN LET R=A
278 LET A=INT (.54+100¢ (ጸ- Ri} sia
e
220 PRINT AT (21.8; ".880"; TAB 18;
", 88": TRE 28: "QQ"
232 PRINT AT 21.8; I;TAB (4+(Y<1
ZZ) +IT IAI! ہہ هپ 1613; Y; TAB (14+ (FR
<1E31 + (Rt ሂቲ፲ወ፳1 کین 181 m; R; TAB d
(ALES) + IH LES] + IR CIE) + (RC LES
(Mciad)cin:180)1;n
380 NEXT I
om "THE DATA EXPANSION"
— The newsletter of the
Timex Users Group of Fort Worth.
“Reprinted fr
June 1986
-24-
HOW ABOUT THAT
By Gene Pickens
"If śą E 2 industry had evolved as spectacularly as
the computer industry over the past 25 years, a Boeing 767 would
cost $500 today, and it would circle the globe in 20 minutes on
5 gallons of fuel. Such performance would represent a rough
analogue of the reduction in cost, the increase in speed of
operation and the degree in enerøy consumption of computers. The
cost of computer logic devices is falling at the rate of 25
percent per year and the cost of computer memory at the rate of
40 percent per year. Computational speed has increased by a
factor of 200 in 25 years. In the same period the cost, the
energy consumption and the size of computers of comparable pover
have decreased by a factor of 10,000.
The result is the advent of the personal computer, which
for less than $500 can put at the disposal of an individual
about the same basic computing pover as a mainframe computer did
in the early 1960’s and as a minicomputer did in the early
1970’s. Twenty years ago the cost of a computer could be
justified only if the machine met the needs of a large
organization. The minicomputer introduced in the 1970” are
appropriate for a department or working group in such an
organization. Moreover, just as it has become financially
feasible to provide a computer for the individual worker, so
also the technical developments have made the: interface between
man and machine increasingly "friendly," so that a wide array of
computer functions are now accessible to people with no
technical background.
The first personal computer was put on the market in 1975,
By the end of this year (1982). . . , etc.”
The above is a direct quote from the opening of the article
"Personal Computers" by Toong and Gupta in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
for December, 1982. As much or more has happened in the computer
industry in the past 3 1/2 years. You might not want a Boeing
767 even if you could get one for $500, but the next time you
sit down at your "toy" TIMEX 1000 or 2068, pause and reflect for
a moment about the machine and what you can do with it. Also,
remember that you bought a very good computer for much less thań
$500. | Tar
TIMEX computers fit my definition of value --MORE FOR
LESS-VALUE-- very well. Maybe the people that, in their
ignorance, call TIMEX computers 'toys' are just trying not to be
reminded of the old proverb; 'A fool and his money are soon
parted.' Just think, ve all could have spent more money for each
BASIC Keyword, ue could have spent more money. for a card: to have
color and so on, and so on.
Well, believe it or not I really an not out to knock other
people’s computers. I just get tired of reading and hearing
people make remarks, about mine or some other computer, that
show the same mentality and maturity as a first grader saying
*My daddy can whip your daddy." My TIMEX fits me just fine,
thank you, and I have learned many things at a very economical
price. HOW ABOUT THAT? .
CI feel the urge to toss in my "two cents". I always feel proud
of the fact that I own and use, really 'USE' a TIMEX 2068.
Granted, with more money I would surpass the $500 mark to have
the dual disk drives, 80 column printer, modem and such, but it
still would be, for the most part, under what one of the other
computers is priced. Besides-I’m comfortable with my machine!
EDJ
KKKEKKEKKEKKKKKKAKKKKKKKKKKKKKEKKAKKKKKAKKKKKKKKKAKKKKKEKKEKKKK
The following article will shortly appear in SYNCWARE NEWS
ONE—CHIP MODS
BUILT-IN NUM
By Gerd Breunung & Fred Nachbaur
[EDITOR"S NOTE: We have received several sub-
missions for non-volatile memories based on the
6264-LP BK static RAM. Though all have their
merit, this one is the most elegant. It is fully
decoded, yet still requires only one IC (the
6264-LP SRAM). Furthermore, it is installed on
the 2481/151888 board itself, and therefore does
not require edge connectors, etc. Lastly, all
parts except the RAM chip are available at your
nearby Radio Shack. Some sources of the 6264-LP
are Microprocessors Unlimited, Active Elec-
tronics, and Jameco. Check the ads in "Byte" and
"Computer Shopper" for other sources.]
This battery backed-up RAM is a miniaturization
and functional equivalent of the famous "Hunter"
board. It was designed by Mr. Wilf Rigter of the
Vancouver, BC T/S User Group. I owe many thanks
to Mr. Rigter for inspiring ne to write this
article, and assisting with technical advise
during the construction and refinement of this
project. Yes, everything in this article has
been built and tested,
This non-volatile RAM resides in the 8-16K space
of the 2X/TS memory map, and is fully decoded.
Now you can run utilities like Q-Save, Toolkits,
Mini-Xmodem, and many others, without loading
from tape each time. Furthermore, it is compat-
ible with Mr. Rigter’s (The ZED Group) bit-
mapped HI-RES,
CONSTRUCTION
You do not have to be a technical wizard to in-
plement this project. No trace cuts are required
on the computer board. We will build a small
sub-assembly which plugs into the original 24-
pin 2K RAM socket. Seven wire leads are then
soldered to the computer board, and a battery
holder is mounted using double-sided adhesive
foam. Two additional wires connect to the bat-
tery,
If your particular computer has the 2K RAM sol-
dered in, your best option is to scout around
for another board with a socketed 2K RAM chip.
Alternately, clip out the 2K chip with small,
sharp wire cutters. Then remove the "legs" with
needle-nose pliers and a soldering iron. Fin-
ally, use a suction-type solder remover to clean
out the holes, and install a 24-pin socket.
If you have the original 2X81 with two 1K chips
soldered in, you can simply leave them in.
Solder a 24-pin socket into the space marked on
the board for it. You will have to cut the
centre support "strut" to clear the IK chip that
lives in the centre of the 24-pin socket
pattern.
Obtain an "Experimenter Board" from Radio Shack,
and cut out a 1"X3,2" piece as shown in Figure
1. Note that Fig. 1 is the view from the circuit
(trace) side. Insert a low-profile 28-pin wire-
wrap socket as shown, letting the leads protrude
3/16" on the trace side. Solder the lower 24
pins (only) to the board. These will be the
"legs" that plug into the 24-pin socket on the
Computer, so be careful to Keep the pins free of
excess solder.
56
Now use SMALL and SHARP wire cutters to cut the
24 soldered pins on the "component" side, and
set the socket aside. Then cut four traces
between the socket and the male legs, as shown
in Fig. 1, at pin numbers 26, 22, 23 and 26 of
the 28-pin socket. (Note that the numbers apply
to the 28-pin socket that will later be re-
installed.)
Next we”ll install the components and jumpers as
indicated in Figure 2a.
Install jumpers, components and "flying leads,"
referring to Fig. 2a, and the schematic of Fig.
3. To make final assembly easier, you might want
to cołour-code the flying leads. Individual
strands of coloured ribbon cable are one pos-
sible source of small-gauge coloured wire. Note
that diode D1 should preferably be a Schottky or
Bermanium type; silicon (1N4148) works on my
unit, but might have too much forward drop to
give reliable battery back-up with some chips.
Now insert the just-freed 28-pin socket into the
board; note that the socket is offset from the
"legs" by two holes. (See Fig. 2b.) Solder all
28 pins, and cut off the excess lengths.
H you wish to install a write-protect switch,
connect flying leads to the points shown. When
this line is open, the board will be write-
protected. If you don’t want this feature, re-
place this line with a jumper. Check your work,
and double-check it. Now check it again. Be
alert for shorts, "cold" (dull-looking) solder
joints, and backwards diodes,
FINAL WIRING
Before we get on with the installation, a war-
ning is in order. If you have moved your con-
puter to a larger case, with plenty of headroom
over the 2K socket, then you have nothing to
worry about. However, if your machine is still
in the stock case, then the installation of this
addition would Kink and thereby break the traces
on the larger Keyboard "tail." More headroom is
required over the new installation to allow for
the already minimal bend radius in the ribbon
cable. Install spacers, 1/2" long, between the
component side of the board and the case top.
Ideally, a grounded metal skirt should be in-
stalled around the resulting perimeter gap, to
contain RFI and Keep out dust. You might find
another solution, such as shortening the cable
slightly and/or taping it to curve the other
Way.
Plug your newly-built module into the 24-pin 2K
RAM socket. Connect the seven flying leads to
the 2X81 board. The best place to pick up the
address lines All through A15 is at the cathode
(banded) ends of the Keyboard diodes. See Figure
2c. The diodes are number Di through 08,
starting at the end closest to the ROM chip.
"All" goes to Di, "A12" to 03, "ለ13" to DS,
'A14* to 07) and "ለ15" to D8. Be careful about
shorts, as there isn’t much clearance between
the diode leads. Pick up MREQ NOT at the plated-
through hole near (and connecting to) edge con-
nector pin 14, component side. (Remember, the
keyslot is "pin 3.") Pick up ROMCS NOT’ at the
plated-through hole near (connecting to) pin 23
on the solder side. Finally, use "sticky foam"
to mount the battery holder at a convenient
point in the case, and connect the battery
wires. Check everything over one last time. Fix
anything that looks at all suspicious. You're
done!
TESTING
14 you have 4 ZX81 and left in the two IK RAM
chips, you can test your system without a RAM
pack. Otherwise, you will of course need to con-
nect your external RAM pack in order to operate
your system, since the built-in 2K RAM is no
longer available.
A preliminary test can be done by entering POKE
18888,123. Then PRINT PEEK 10800. You should get
the same number back. Try POKEing different loc-
ations between 8192 and 16383; in each case, you
should get back the same number you POKEd.
So far so good? Great. Now let's do a more com-
plete test. Since the CMOS RAM board is used in
the 8-16K region, a special procedure is re-
quired to test the memory. This is because the
memory in this block is not regarded by the ZX
operating system as being available. 50 we have
10 use a program to do a conplete test on this
memory space. To save time, ue^!] use a machine-
code routine to do this.
Enter the following short BASIC program, which
will make it easy to enter the machine-code test
routine:
MACHINE-CODE LOADER FOR TEST
1 REM 1234£2278980123456789080122
455782881234£5572520122
10 FOR A=1851i4 TO 36555
20 SCROLL i
38 INPUT ከ
40 PORE ALE
55 PRINT PEEK A
50 NEXT Å
Enter RUN, and input the values from the fol-
lowing table, going from left to right, top to
bottom. If you make a mistake, enter STOP, then
LET AFA-1, then GOTO 28, and re-input the
correct number.
-27-—
TEST ROUTINE: DECIMRL URLUES
255 33 33 40 51 241 245 175
4 40 64 254 124 جج 245 31
241 119 ፎሩ 245 33255 31 35
124 254 64 40 229 241 138 32
3 245 ፎፋ 243 66 77 201 i
e e 281
This installs a machine-language routine (by
Fred Nachbaur), which tests every memory loca-
tion from 8192 to 16383, with every possible
value from 6 to 255. (A total of 2,897,152
writes and reads!) The disassembly is shown
below.
4082 AF TEST XOR A
4083 FS PUSH AF
4234 Fl NXUL POP AF
4835 SD CEC A
4086 2821 JR Z DRAY
4255 Z1FF1F WRIT LD HL.1FFF
4058 FS NAD PUSH AF
4080 23 INC HL
4080 7C LD R.H
4085 ع۴ CP 40
4000 2884 JR Z READ
4295 F1 POP RF
4093 77 LE [ክር1,8
4054 18F5 JR NURD
4006 Z1FF1F READ LD HL.1FFF
4035 23 NRAD INC HL
4034 7C LO ALH
4028 FE48 CP 4d
40902 =5፳5 JR 2 NXUL
428F Fi POP AF
4050 BE CP (Hi
40A1 2203 JR NZ NOGD
ت426 FS PUSH AF
4054 18F3 JR NRAD
4086 44 NØGD LD B,H
40A7 ፊር LD C,k
4053 CS RET
4565 210802 OKAY LD BC,9009
«onc CS RET
Enter FAST mode, then enter PRINT USR 16514. If
all is well, the routine will take about 78
seconds to run. It would take about ten minutes
in SLOW mode. (Don’t even ask how long it would
take if it were written in BASIC!) If the screen
returns with 6, all is well. If there is a de-
fective location, its address will be printed
instead.
CUT TRACES
Eg ገ, 10,11 X13
<— TOP- Row |
TRACE ( Socpee)
SIDE `
OF
"EXPERIMENTER
BOARD“
Row 18
agh NG Fig. 1 کنا
Shopping List
w
Exper: meter Board
Ul - HM 6264 LP -IS (HITACHI 0e EQUAL)
OK x6 ይመ RAM
KI IRS 7% w Carbon Film Resistor
R2 - IMO ጄ W Carbon Film Resistor
D 1 - Sch oH ky or Germanium type
Signal Diode
D2 -D5 - IN 4148 Diodes
AT - 2N.390A4 NPN Trausistor
| b] - 3 Volt ball ery System : 2 WAW ALEBLIWE
CES COMPLET WITH HOLPER AWD DOUBLE SIPED
FOA ^ TAPE
-2i
SOFTWARE
A wealth of software exists for memory in the 8-
16K region. Included are many types of toolkits,
compilers, assemblers, and other utilities.
I highly recommend that you obtain copies of the
July and August, 1983 issues of Radio-
Electronics magazine from your local library.
These issues contain many useful software rou-
JUMPER J| —>
J2—
25 ----ቅ
VIEW ON
COMPONENT SIDE
(BEFORE FINAL INSTALLATION
OF 28 PIN Socke?)
— BAT.
COMPONENT SIDE
SOLDEC SIDE
tines by Dr. Paul Hunter, creator of the ori-
ginal "Hunter" board. Included are utilities to
save and recall BASIC and machine-code prograns,
screen displays, and other data. Also check pre-
vious issues of SyncWare News, as well as back-
issues of other magazines for software that will
run in your new non-volatile memory.
PROTECT *
we
% CLOSE SWITCH
TO یں
Low PROFILE
تم dy WIEC WRAP Soccer
EE ER TE | PINS ሮህኾ HEEE
1 ET Auo SOCKET
ነ a SAVED
SAME AS STD. [.C.PIN THICENESS
(FILE THIN IF NEEDED)
Fig. B ZĘ
-29-
VIEW ON
COMPONENT SIDE
(INSTALLATION OF 26
PIN Socker AND Ul
COMPONENT SIDE
e Pick up A11,412, A13, AM $AJS
on DI D3 DS DT Da
corresponding 2× /اة8 TS (000 Diode
Cathodes.
Pick ں MREQ ou plated - through
hole near Edge Connector - Pin 14^ on
Component side (Key is p 3)
fick op QOHCS' om lated - through
hole near Edge Counector- Pin 23 on
Solde side.
—30—
BUJ -h
SOCKET
EEE
“ው 2. چک جے REE مس ں ددے مج a یس شس ہر در
Fiq.2 b
SOCKET
ZX 8) Board
EDGE
CONNECTOC |
EH]
1
24
2
Bl
6264
FRE T
D3
LSB! Q A 15
ov d Al4
E
: Q ው Meca
1ረወ
SCHEMATIC Fig. 3
IHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHBHHHHHHHHHHBHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHI
GA AA RE AB RR RR
Hi "7 DUNGEON OF YMIR ^^ FE
Å MULTI-LEVEL HAZE ADVENTURE GAME by Fred Nachbaur (ር ነ፲ዓኔኔ
FOR THE TIMEX TS1 Soo
FINALLY! A FULL-FEATURE, HIGH RESOLUTION DUNGEON GAME FOR THE TS1 508:
This 24K game, written entirely in machine-code, is the most spectacular program
ever written for the TS1500. Nine levels, 16 types of monsters, 14 objects, six
spells. Easy to play, difficult to master. Includes FAST-SAVE with auto-boot to
save in-progress games: time to load entire program reduced to 70 seconds!
Revolutionary TRUE HI-RES puts your TS1588 on a par with much larger machines.
Send $24.95 (cheque or MO) to FRED NACHBAUR, ር-12 MTN. STN. GROUP BOX, NELSON BC
VIL SPI CANADA. Specify version: VI (TSIS88 + 8K Hunter NUM or équivalent) or V2
(TS1500 + 16K RAM pack). V2 requires a minor hardware addition (included).
COMING SOON: V3 for 2X81/TS1888. Inquire. ٭ھي× ALSO AVAILABLE: TS1500 HI*RES
EXTENDED BASIC ($16.95) E :
È STRESS SSSA SESSLER ES TASES SRS RST ንትን ማንት ንን ፡። : :
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Reprinted from the newsletter of the MILE HIGH CHAPTER of
the TIMEX SINCLAIR USERS GROUP - Aurora, Colorado
This program creates a limited
2068 & 2050 Moden.
‘TIMEX SINCLAIR USERS GROUP JUNSS
THANKS TO BANDY & LUCY GORDON
FOR MAKING BES SOFTUARE AVAIL- -
ABLE TO US. THIS REVISED VERSION
HAS NEW FEATURES THAT VILL MAKE
IT EASIER TO USE. I HACKED THE
BASIC COUN SOME TO MAKE MORE
ROOM IN MEMORY FOR MESSAGES. I
LEFT OVER 5000 BYTES FREE SO vau
CAN CUSTOMIZE THE BULLETINS AND
PROMPT STRINGS.
TO SAUE THE MESSAGE BASE You
WILL HAVE TO = THE PROGRAM
& 9950. ANY NEW VERSIONS
WILL BE SOLD BY ME FOR $5.00,
I CAN ONLY SEND LISTINGS FOR
THAT PRICE,
PHILLIP BASFORD
1554 BOSTON ST
AURORA CO &0510-1902
18 PAPER Q: INK 7: BORDER Ls MS
LS
12 PRINT “stop tape’ " "then B
የድ55 (ENTERI": PAUSE 8: CLEAR 85
i738
lå LET i$z"175212811223008030758
መ552922123213 32222 222፳83725232235
2e3oO802O402442121158501858825507821
31192581232081752191192390018483
4412121111520121911925812829ø175
2191192300019492443281"
ib FOR x=8 TO 55: POKE o54804x
MAL L#(34x41 TO 2፡2 +23)] : NEXT x
18 LET o=VAL "85523". LET i =A
L "554389": LET L=URL "S180": LET
SS=URL "1000": LET q=URL "9298"
20 DIM m$iagB,3090): DIM gil): P
RINT “load?": PAUSE 8: IF INKEY $
<3"Y" THEM GO TO 24
22 LORD "" DATA msi): LORD ""
DATA uii: LET youn)
23 66 TO 25
ፎፋ LET gizà
1888 OUT 119,34: OUT 11
1981 POKE 23692,255: CL
“””፣ 255 BBS"""
1802 LET x=IH 119 +
1804 IF x=5 THEN GO TO URL "1ØØ2
1818 DUT 119,2: OUT 119,34: PRUS
E 308: OUT 119,84: OUT 119,123:
GUT 113,55
1812 POKE 23674,0: POKE 23573,8:
POKE 23672,0
1814 PAUSE 12a
1815 FOR x=1 TO 38: RANDOMIZE ህ5
8 0: ሀህፐ 115,8: NEXT x
1818 LET a=IN 119: IF a<128 THEN
GO TO 1828
1828 RANDOMIZE USR 6: OUT 115,28
; RANDOMIZE USR o: OUT 115,31: R
ANDOMIZE USR o: OUT 115,28
3,80
5 PRINT
capacity message BBS using a
1821 LET x=IN 115
1822 GO SUB VAL “=588ሯ”
1824 GO SUB 3429
1826 GO SUB 3485
i828 IF CODE L5$ILEN L$) ናነ33 THEN
GO TO 1826
PRINT 1$;" calling":
1832 GO SUB 3886
1834 GO SUB 9499
1938 IF l$="R" THEN GO TO 2188
1848 IF L$="F" THEN cO TO 2290
1842 IF l$="L" THEN GO TO 2388
18044 IF t$="8" THEN GO TO چو
1846 IF t$="#" THEN BO TO 2٤3
1848 IF [8="ር”" THEN GO TO 2500
1898 GO TO 1833
21080 REM Reverse Read
2184 FOR b-gi TO 1 STEP -1
2105 GO SUB 3Ø138
2195 GO SUB ==5፳
2114 IF t$="N" THEN HEXT b
2116 IF L$="H" THEN GO TO 12
2118 GO To daaz
2208 REM Forward Read
2204 FOR b=1 TO ji
2285 GO SUB 3913
2205 GO SUB 39598
2214 IF L$4="N" THEN NEXT b
2216 IF L$="M" THEN GO TO 1032
2218 GO TO 1832
2383 REH Leave Hessage
2302 LET g1=y1+1: IF 91=9Ø8 THEM
LET ህ13 کے
2304 GO SUB 3312
2306 GO SUB 3458
23808 GO SUB 39485
2318 IF _ in<>13 THEN GO TO 2385
2312 LET (%="T0: "+L4+4CHRE 13+4"F
ROM: "+Uu$+CHR$ 13: LET y2=LEN چا
: LET m$iyi, TO 9፳3 =i چ
2314 GO SUB 8012
2315 GO SUB 9428
2318 GO SUB 3482
2320 IF in<>13 THEN BO TO 2318
2322 REM War dilr ap
2330 IF LEW L$>R99-52+1 THEN LET
tf=l$l TO 299-42)
2332 LET ር 23 =33
2334 IF [8(ር313)‹53" " THEN LET. cis
c1-1
2335 IF [8(ር31=" " THEN LET t$ic
1I=CHR$ 13
2338 IF CODE ($!c11<>13 THEN GO
TO 2334
2348 LET m$iul,g241 TO gsrcl)-ix
( TO Ch: LET ህፎ=ሄፎተርኋ
2342 LET [=[18ቹ(ርጊተ+ኋ TO ን
2344 IF LEN l$>32 THEN GO TO 233
2
2345 LET L$=L$+CHR$E 7
2346 LET måiyul,y2+1 TO 3981 = 1 %
23580 GO TO 1833
24080 REM Read bu Humber
-3%
2401 GO
2482 60
SUB URL
SUB 34330
2404 GO SUB 3485
2405 IF ini»13 THEM GO TO 2404
2483 LET b=VAL i$( TO (LEN L5$-1i
ን
2418 GO SUB 3818
GO SUB 9588
"3816"
GO TO
ሯወ TO
2412
2414 IF L$="H" THEN URL "2
485”
2415 IF L$="H" THEN VAL "1
p32"
2418 GO TO 1032
2500 REM Chat Mode
2502 GO SUB 3822
2504 FOR x=1 TO 128
2505 BEEP .1,1Ø+INT ix/10)
2588 RANDOMIZE USR 6
2519 OUT. 115,45
2512 IF INKEY$<>"" THEN GO TO 25
58 i
2514 HEXT x
2516 GO SUB 3822: GO TO 1832
2558 CLS : PRINT "chat u;";u$
2552 GO SUB 3824
2554 PRINT "NOT to escape"
2556 IF CODE INKEY$=195 THEN GO
TO 1832
2558 POKE 23632 ,255
2560 LET r=2: LET xmit=Ø
2552 LET 2=ህ2፳ 55458
2564 LET xmit=1 AND [(5=3 OR 1-31)
2565 LET اع AND (a=2 OR a=3i
2559 IF የ THEN GO TO 2576
2572 GO TO 2538
2576 RANDOMIZE USR i: LET in-PEE
K 55473: IF in»31 OR 1ከ ‹323 THEN
PRINT CHR$ in;: IF in=13 THEN #
RINT ">": GO TO 2556
2588 IF xmit AND INREY$<>"" THEN
GO SUB 2592
2598 GO TO 2556
2592 IF xmit THEN LET L$=INKEY$:
PRINT ($;: OUT 115,CODE L$: FOR
X=1 TO 5: NEXT x: IF CODE L$=13
THEN PRINT ">";
2556 RETURN
25 REM Strings
S@8@2 LET p4=0HA% 12+'TIMEX BOARD
"+CHR$ 134+°TURH YOUR CR SUPPRESS
OR OFF'+CHRS 1354+CHRS 13+4"YDUR HA
ME?'+CHRS 15+'>'+CHR$ 7: GO SUB
L: RETURH
URL "9988": LET p$=C
Going Out
S806 GO SUB
ARS VAL "12"+"(BIYE BYE'+CHR$ 13
t ULIERUE MSG. +ChR$ 13+" (FI UD.
READ '+CHR$ 13+' (RIEU. READ'+CHRS
13+' (RI READ By R'+ChR$ 13+" (ርፎ)
HRT"+CHR$ 13+4"TIHE ON "+1l$+CHR$
13: GO SUB Ll: RETURN
83888 LET p$=CHR$ 124" BYE-BY
E": GO SUB L: RETURN
S818 LET p$-CHR$ URL "12"+"UWHO G
ETS HESSHGE7'"4CHR£ 13: GO SUB L:
RETURN
5542 LET Pe=CHRE 124+°258 CHARRCT
ERS _MRZ'+CHR$ 13+" (ENTER) SAVES
MESSARCE'+CHR$ 32: GO SUB L: RETU
RH
8814 LET P$=CHR$ 134" (ዘ) EXT MESS
AGE OR iH)ENU'"«CHR€ 13: GO SUB t
RETURN
3815 LET p$zCHR$ 13+" INPUT MESSA
GE R "+CHR%$ 32+” [1-58] -›”: GO 3
UB L: RETURN
30818 LET p$=CHR% 13+"MESSAGE 8 “
artes B+CHR$ 13: GO SUB 1: RETUR
8820 LET p$-CHR$ 12+"PAGING SY5D
ዞ......: GO SUB Li: RETURN
3022 LET p$z"HE'5 NOT HERE! !": G
O SUB L: RETURN
8024 LET p$="0K, LET'S TALK...":
“BSS” LINE 10:
GO SUB L: RETURN
9898 CLEAR SAVE
STOP
Xzl TO LEN p$: RANDOMIZ
: OUT 1435 ,ርርይጅ pix): NEX
POKE 23892,255: PRINT p$: R
9281 GO SUB 3888:
RANDOMIZE USR a:
NDOHIZE. USR ao:
5 t
113,8
S202
S204
$4800
$406
OH ie
ON ERR RESET
OUT 115,28:
OUT 215,31:
OUT 119,54: OUT 119,0:
BEEP .2,18: BEEP
GO TO aa
LET Ly
ON ERR GO TO 9: RANDOMIZE U
LET in=PEEK 65479
5487 IF in=13 THEM GO TO 3438
9483 IF in<32 OR in>122 THEM GO
TO 3486
3403 POKE 23632,255: PRINT CHR$
TT,
9410 LET casin: IF 385235 AND
123 THEN LET Casin-32:
9412 LET L$=L$+CHR$ in
3414 RETURN
3588 LET [ሄ=ጠ8 (5)
S504 FOR a=3ØØ TO 1 STEP--1:
CODE Ll5£ía!:57 THEN NEXT a
3586 LET P5$-i$i TO a)
3539 GO SUB 1: GO SUB 3814: GO Z
UB 2428: RETURN
9333 LET tlg": LET t=PEEK 23872
+ፎተ 3+PEEK 238673+2t 18+PEEK 23674:
LET m=INT (ቲ“/25ወፎ) : LET S=IHT f
(t/35800-m) +58) : LET t$=STRE me":
"+00" AND S<1Q81+5TR% 5: RETURN
9958 SAVE "Msgs" DATA mbil: LET
4 (11) =41: BEEP „1,58: SAVE "count
“ DATA yil: STOP
RĀ
GO 5U
DUT
.3,-IQ
ER کے
int
LET inscá
TF
SSS =5 2 22 2፳ 22 25 =፳ = 2222 2272 ሓመ ው جع ہس må መ سد av ብ سد መ
737397777733377 25 252 22 22 SSS SSS SSS
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c
EE
x
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30 TO 28
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Reprinted from S.U.M. May/86
Adding a Full Size Printer to Your System
Today, dot matrix printers are
available from many sources at very
reasonable prices. Many TS1000/1500 users
are still using the TS2040 as their only
printer. Now may be the time to upgrade.
Let's consider some of the possibilities.
First, there is a product now available
for those who already have a dot matrix
printer, in particular the Gorilla Banana
or Seikosha 100. There is nowa simple
chip plug-in available that can give a
considerably better looking printout on
these printers by giving characters such
as "y" and "g" true descenders. Por those
„who love their printers and are willing to
spend $14.95 to upgrade them, contact RMG
Enterprises, 1419 1/2 7th Street, Oregon
City, OR 97045.
Of course, those who fit the bill of
the paragraph above must have a "printer
interface" which allows them to use a full
Size printer. This is the first
requirement to adding a printer. Because
the 081110 1 and family use
non-standard codes to represent
characters, interfaces generally cost more
than on the TS2068 in order to translate
these codes into something the printer
understands.
Interfaces that have been available for
some time include the Aerco Centronics and
Aerco RS-232C Serial (at $99 each) and the
Byte-Back Centronics ($89.95) and ፪8-232
Serial ($69.95). Generally, printers with
centronics parallel interfaces are 1655
expensive and so would dictate choosing
this type interface. The above interfaces
are available from their manufacturers as
well as RMG Enterprises, Sunset
Electronics, and other TS dealers.
Another of the original TS interface
manufacturers was Memotech which
manufactured both types of interfaces as
well. Word from several sources is that
Memotech products are once again available
from Oxford Data. These were excellent
interfaces and well worth considering.
Do you have a 752068 and printer
interface? GOOD NEWS! You can now use that
2068 printer interface on your ቸ91000/2፪81
as well! What's the catch? Only that you
will have to buy a software utility called
the "Universal Printer Driver" to use
them. It is available from Fred Nachbaur
($16.95) or E. Arthur Brown. Even if you
don't yet have a printer interface for
your 2068, this might just be what will
cause you to take the plunge--one
interface that can work with both
computers. The only exception are those
interfaces which plug into the cartridge
port of the 182068, since the 181000
family has no such port. The UPD software
supports COPY, LPRINT, and LLIST and
allows the 512 byte program to be
relocated anywhere in memory to make it
compatible with most software.
Hopefully, this article will encourage
more users to move up to the advantages of
a full-size printer using standard bond
paper.
Fred Nachbaur, C-12, Mtn. Station Group
Box, Nelson, BC VIL 233 Canada.
Oxford Data, 99 Cabot Street, Needham,
MA 02194.
Aerco, Box 18093, Austin, TX 78760.
Sunset Electronics, 2254 Taraval
Street, San Francisco, CA 94116.
E. Arthur Brown Co., 3404 Pawnee Dr.,
Alexandria, MN 56308.
Byte-Back Co., Rt.
Rd., Leeville, SC 29070.
3, Box 147 Brodie
-- Richard Cravy
=34=
Reprinted from S.U.M. May/86
Tape Makes a Difference
Since my years with the 2፪83 and some
time with the TS2068, I have fought the
idea of adding another peripheral such as
a Winky Board or any other type of
amplifier and/or filter. I guess I'm fussy
but I hate clutter in my computer area. So
I've endured lost data, blaming it on the
cassette recorder. In fact, I ended up by
buying three recorders. Eventually, I went
back to the first one, a Sony TCM-121, and
had to run it "wide open* to get a good
load on various brands of tape. A small,
mostly defunct user group I once led had a
"group buy” of cassettes once and we
placed it with an outfit in Des Plaines,
Illinois. In bulk, their prices per tape
were the best we'd seen. The tape we'd
selected out of the six offered still had
me running at full volume. (This rates a
"10" on my recorder since the volume
control is marked from 1 - 10.)
Thinking of the wide selection they
had, I called Polyline Corp., the
distributor of the tape we'd gotten on the
group buy. When I asked the sales rep
about comparisons between four types of
tape, she sent a sample of each for me to
try.
Å test was run in this manner: using
the Tasword II word processor program, I
wrote a short article and SAVEd it to each
cassette, one after the other. Next, ፲-
cleared the text from memory, set the
volume control arbitrarily at "7" and was
unsuccessful in LOADing the text from a
BASF LHD cassette. Undaunted, I reset it
at "8" and got a good LOAD. This means
that I only needed 80% of the volume
compared to any previous LOAD! Well, if
the BASF was that good, what would the
Magnetite 12 do for me? Since the text was
already SAVEd, I set the volume control to
"7" once again, cleared the text, and
LOADed. It worked. Try "6", It worked,
too! And with the Ampex 615/616 and Agfa
611/811 tapes could LOAD safely at "5" --
50% of the volume required before the
test!
No 812 amplifier, no 820 Winky Board,
nothing more than more sensitive tape. Not
only that, but the Agfa 615/616 C-10 tape
cost only 34.9 cents per cassette when
bought in a lot ዕ፻ 100, even less in
greater quantities.
This is an unsolicited testimonial, not
an advertisement. User groups or
individuals who would like to get in on a
good thing should call Polyline
Corportation at 312/298-5300 or
312/297-0955 and ask for a free catalog
$85Pl. The rest is up to you.
-- John L. Donaldson
5 PRINT AT 28,10;"
1a PLOT 327.
20 CRAU 25,18
30 DRAW Ø,-38,
45. DRAW -25,18
SQ PLOT 1i
55 DRAW 18
78 DRAW -:
st ያ
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
imtellectual=------
EHO LUI OTIS Û = eea
Physica (=-......
v کک 14 R et . 5 . 2
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AUG AUG 7,
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|
Reprinted from S.U.M. May/86
ra ROUND TUIT
ጨርጐ:
r THIS RARE. BUT I Banners on the TS-2040
፤ HOMENIDUS DEVICE I
WIL NHANCE THE
COMP NOY
DURE ee Ve Here is a program that will allow you
VER SAID, "I DIDNT to input a message and have it print out
GET A ROUND TUIT," the message as a banner on the 2040
THIS ROUND ፐህ፲ፐ
SHOULD HELP YOU T printer.
EIO ALL OFE The letters are generated one at a time ہب
YOUR OBJECTIVES.
by PEEKing at the letter to be generated
in the ROM, making it 8 times normal size
and turning it on it's side and then
COPYing it to the printer.
The program is much faster in FAST
mode, but you can't see the letter
forming.
change—the-ohazactez—that—is-aetually-ucod
CONFUSED WITH A
% A S0UARE a
"ma IT) ar
z FET
5 PRINT “FIRST NAME?"
@ INPUT አፄ
15 CLS å
20 IF _N$="" THEN GOTO 30
29 PRINT pride er Enter the program as listed and use
GOTO 280 to SAVE it so that it will self
30 PRINT AT 3.11; "ROUND TUIT";
—— ٠ث start next time it's LOADed.
TABS, *
40 PRINT TAB ت "THIS RARE, BUT
"TAB 8; "MOMENTOUS LEVICE"; TAB =
; WILL ENHANCE THE"; TAB 7; "COMPE
TENCY OF ITS";TAB 6; “OWNER, "
55 PRINT AT 3,14; "IF you HAVE"
TAB 5; EVER SAID, “”ፓ LIDNT";TA
162a ኪነኑ።
ር ፻3 IES بک
i3; ""PHIT)*
B 7i "GET A ROUND TUIT,' z
50 PRINT TAB S;"THIS$ ROUND TUI =
T"iTRB 2; "SHOULD HELP YOU To" =
"5 PRINT TAB ?; “ACCOMPLISH ALL E
OF"; TAB 8; "YOUR OBJECTIVES," a
55 PRINT TAB و "(NOT TO BE": TA $
B 5; “CONFUSED WITH" >
38 PRINT TAE 11; "A SOUARE": TAB =
e
1
al Vat لمت ل ፻3 ፻3 ሮህ ITE I II GO ای IET]
ORO LLL ዛዛ ak ችች ዱቹች፡ ህዝ aka ak E E KK ak kkk
188 LET A=31 3 =;
118 LET: B=22 F3 Y THE: ST rar መጫ
128 LET R=zQ d e a PT EE RASA
138 FOR xzà TO R+50R 2 ora e ا
140 LET Y=50R iR£R-XsX) qum c. 4 euro 178
158 LET CzX e E
168 LET D=* LET
176 GOSUB Sag LEK
388 LET 90 iQ PRIN B;CHRS CNTR
198 LET D=x sO LET
GOSUB sag BA NEXT ت28
210 NEXT x 218 NEXT
228 GOTO sae 220 LET
508 LET E=A+C z T
518 LET F=B+C = x1
S20 PLOT E,F z
538 LET F=B-C z
540 PLOT E,F 2
550 LET E=A-C = “SANNER
555 PLOT E,F
278 LET F=B+D -- Joe Williamson
S88 PLOT E,F
598 RETURH
500 COPY
518 STOP
620 SAVE "Ra"
5258 RUN
236-
Timex Research and Development Photo shows the never re-
leased Bus Expansion Unit (BEU) "piggy-backed" just behind
the TS2068. The TS2020 Tape Recorder, TS2050 Modem and the
Sinclair Microdrives are sitting on top.
ተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተተቀተተተቀተታቱ
Reprinted from 7/86 "SMUG BYTES"
Sinclair Milwaukee Users Group
Brain Tickler
COMPUTER EDIFICATION BAUD RATE - The number
of attractive and
skimpily clad women/
8-BIT MACHINE ፦ a mer. passing by you
computer selling for on the beach.
four quarters.
BREADBOARD - The only
6502 - The year you kind of board you can
will finally pay off afford after buying
your computer. a computer.
68000 - The year your EUBBLE SORT - Your
spouse will forgive you spouse's term for
for buying a computer. your friends.
BAR CODE READER - BUFFER - Programmer
Electronic device who works in the nude.
used to find taverns.
U.S. Journal Sep./Oct.
BATCH PROCESSING - 1981.
Making lots of cookies
t once.
0
س7 3ہ
„ SHOE
WHAT SEBMS DOBE NELL, IT JUST
THE PROBLEM? ZARTE TO
THe WORDS.
0 .
መጣ ቁወቋ ማክ nnen فوع روہ 3
ccopted. ዘ PERSONAL COMPUTER: |)
Data not avail- | 15 GETTING INCREASINGLY ۱
able at this time ے |MPERGONAL. |
382 ت
WEYMIL CORPORATION
للا کے
...makes a serious commitment to the Timex user in the development of high-quality, innovative,
and user-friendly software, complete with layman-oriented documentation, and all at affordable
prices. we are proud to offer you:
QA
OOOO)
ሮን
4.4
DoD
*THRUST*
0000
+...
440
Finally, real graphics power for your TS
10001 THRUST, the last word in
cursor-controlled hi-res graphics for screen
or printer output, is a software package
composed of SincArtist HR and Sincartist
1.3. Examine this sample for an idea of the GE
powerful versitility of THRUST. = B
SINCARTIST 1.3 - The original! Fantastic *
hi-res graphics delivered to the 2040 iu
printer. SincArtist 1.3 boasts excellent $
user-group reviews and is simply the best ት አር
non-hardware system available. Note these
features:
~ 192 X 256 high-resolution file displayed in a 48 X 64 screen window
- Circles, triangles, rectangles, quadrilaterals, rays, inversing, and more
- 40 redefinable patterns and a variety of draw and fill modes
- Cursor or joystick control
- No system modifications required
SINCARTIST HR - The last word in cursor-controlled high-resolution screen graphics. Copy artwork
to the 2040 printer and save to tape. SincArtist HR requires a TS 1000 with a socketed 2X RAM,
less than $10.00 in parts, and a few minutes with a soldering iron. Super user-friendly
documentation and instructions included, All modifications are fully transparent to other
peripherals. HUNTER BOARD OWNERS: All you need is the FREE hardware upgrade that we providel!!!!!
THRUST includes SincArtist HR and Sinc-Artist 1.3 (these programs are not sold separately). The
Ultimate Hi-Res Tape is available exclusively from Weymil Corporation far only $20.
“MINI XMOD*
MINI XMOD - Allows your Westridge or Byte-Back modem to up and download Timex programs to any
Amodem protocol BBS.
~ Fully documented with easy-to-follow instructions for the layman
7 16K and 64K versions included
- Ideal for storage in Hunter Board $
= Produced on high-quality casette for the ZX 8l, TS 1000, and TS 1500
›
MINI XMOD is available from Weymil Corporation for only $20. Please specify Westridge or
Byte-Back version.
WEYMIL CORPORATION
BOX 5904
BELLINGHAM WA
98227-5904
(Write for a free catalogue of other TS 2068 and TS 1000 products)
Z AG
AETAT ን ተ ርር ሽሽ
VAnTDOUVErTrsSINTLairusersS9ar GUF
p
THE VANCOUVER SINCLAIR USERS GROUP HAS
BEEN IN EXISTENCE SINCE 1982. WE ARE Å
SUPPORT GROUP FOR THE OWNERS AND USERS
OF THE: MICROACE, ZX80, ZX81, T/S/1000,
T/S1500, SPECTRUM, SPECTRUM +, T/S2068,
AND QL COMPUTERS,
PRES.--KEN ABRAMSON
V/PRES.-- ?
TREAS. 6 EDITOR--ROD HUMPHREYS
OUR MEMBERSHIP DUES ARE ONLY $15.00/YEAR
AND MAY BE SENT TO THE TREASURER.
ROD HUMPHREYS
2006 HIGHVIEW PLACE
PORT MOODY, B.C., V3H 1N5
MEMBERSHIP INCLUDES A SUBSCRIPTION TO
ZXAPPEAL OUR MONTHLY NEWSLETTER.
ZXAPPEAL ACCEPTS ADVERTISING, OUR
««PREPAID** RATES ARE:
$40.00 -- FULL PAGE
$20.00 -- 1/2 PAGE
$10.00 -- 1/4 PAGE
ZXAPPEAL HAS A PRINT RUN OF 100 COPIES
PER MONTH FOR MEMBERS AND IS ALSO
DISTRIBUTED TO APPROX 50 OTHER SINCLAIR
USER GROUPS THROUGHOUT NORTH AMERICA AS
WELL AS OVERSEAS VIA THE NETWORK.
NETWORK CORRESPONDENCE MAY BE DIRECTED
TO THE EDITOR AT THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
