Full text of "The Rainbow Magazine (Radio Shack Color Computer) (January 1984)"

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THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE

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BEGINNERS

ISSUE

STARTING MACHINE
LANGUAGE

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IT® IMF

UPGRADE

YOUR COCO 2

T0G4K

'WSV'OOOOV

PLUS

A TYPING TEACHER MESSAGE MOVER FACE MAKER

HOME CHECK RECORD AND MORE THAN

30 PRODUCT REVIEWS!

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32K MACHINE LANGUAGE
TAPE $27.95
DISK $30.95

We've done it again! You thought The
King was great? Wait 'til you see this!!
Outstanding high resolution graphics,
tremendous sound make this "Joust"
type game a must for your software col-
lection. As you fly from cloud to cloud
you will enjoy sky high excitement deal-
ing with the challenges presented to you
by this newest release by Tom Mix Soft-

By Rugby Circle Ware.

TOM MIX SOFTWARE

3424 COLLEGE N.E.
GRAND RAPIDS. Ml 49505

To Order Call 364-4791

To Place Orders After 5:00 P.M.

Call Our BBS At

(616)364-8217

ADD $1.00 POSTAGE & HANDLING^TOP ROYALTIES PAID'

•MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4% SALES TAX*

LOOKING FOR NEW SOFTWARE

ARCADE ACTION GAMES

From Computer Plus to YOU . - -

after

ice

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13T iTTTTYTTI

j««aa*«r«as«Ri
■ i » » * * « a « * « *

ModeM00 8KS679

Model 1 00 24K 5335

Color Computer II 16K S145
W/16K Ext. Basic S210

Model 4 16K $849

Model 4 64K

2 Disk & RS232 S1699

DMP120 S395
DMP200 $520

C0C0 Drive $329
C0C0 Drive 1 $235

BIG SAVINGS ON A FULL COMPLEMENT OF RADIO SHACK COMPUTER PRODUCTS

COMPUTERS

CITOH Prowriter il

649

Model 4 Portable

Okidata

CALL

64K wJ2 Drives

1525

Epson

CALL

Color Computer

ETC.

64K ext. basic

305

Disk Drive Controller

139

Pocket Computer 2

165

Extended Basic Kit

Model 12 1 Drive

2699

Botek SerfPar Conv.

Model 16B 1Dr256K

4249

64K Ram Chips

MODEMS

R.S. Deluxe Keyboard

35.95

Hayes Smortmodem II

235

Superpro Keyboard

69.95

R,S. AC-3

129

CCR-81 Recorder

R.S, Modem I

R.S. Deluxe Joystick (each)

35.95

R,S. Modem II

160

R.S. Joysticks (pair)

PRINTERS

Video Plus (monitor adapter)

24.95

Silver Reed EXP500 D.W. Ser.

455

Amdek Color 1 + Monitor

299

Silver Reed EXP550 D.W. Ser.

665

SOFTWARE (Tape Vers

CGP115

159

Zaxxon

39.95

CGP220 Ink Jet

545

The King

26.95

DMP100

315

Trap Fall

27.95

DMP420

735

Screen Print

19.95

Gemini 10X

315

Buzzard Bait

27.95

Delta-10

515

Devil Assault

27.95

Gemini 15X

399

Colorpede

29.95

CITOH Prowriter

375

Juniors Revenge

28.95

Pac Attack 24.95

Block Head 26.95

Froggie 24.95

Lunar Rover Patrol 24.95

Lancer 21.95

Color Zap 9.95

Typing Tutor 19.95

Galagon 24.95

Scott Adams Adventures 19.95

Sea Dragon 34.95

Colorcome 49.95

Telewriter 64 49,95

FHL Flex (disk) 69.95

O-Pak (disk) 34.95

Key-264K 35.95

Elite-Calc 59.95

VIP Writer 59.95

VIP Calc 59.95

VIP Terminal 49.95

VIP Database (disk) 59.95

Order any 2 software pieces listed
and take 10% off their listed price.
All R.S. software 10% off list.
Send for complete list.

CALL TOLL FREE
1-800-343-8124

• LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES
' BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY

• KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF

• TIMELY DELIVERY

• SHOPPING CONVENIENCE

com

y^ NHIrl

P.O. Box 1094
480 King Street
Littleton, MA 01460

SINCE 1973

IN MASSACHUSETTS CALL (61 7 J 486-3193

TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp.

Under the Rainbow

Feature Articles

Rainbowfest Report/ Staff 18

Special Celebrating CoCo in Tandy town
Tandy Tout/ Jim Reed • 22

Special Open house serves up hospitality and insights
Auto-Artiste/ David C. Wilson 24

Graphics A short program for "art lovers"
The Talking Dealer/ Barry R. Furman 26

Game A card game that "speaks" to the gambler in us all
Manhattan Transfer/ Roger Schrag. 48

Utility An uptown tape-to-disk transfer utility
Start The Machine/ Dan Downard 56

Tutorial A beginning lesson in machine language
Pac' Em Up/ Martin S. Monies 70

Game Your fuelish escapades are catching up with you
What'd He Say? Forty Kl/Ray Guavreau 74

Utility Here's eight more K of RAM for 64K computers
Color-Eyed-O-Scope/ Tenet Touchstone 80

Graphics Kaleidoscopic patterns for the fun of it
The Wizard's Tale/ David Sligar 84

Graphics A story told in Hi-Res animation
Face Maker/ John W. Kozubal . 89

Graphics Combining components creates craziness

Message Mover/ Oleg Bpyarsky 96

Programming Utility Move messages across the text screen
What's The Question?/ Rich Dersheimer 98

Education Math quiz with a reverse twist
fvping I ea tiler/ Leonard Hyre !06

Typing Aid Practice for the beginner or the more advanced
The Memory Game/ Michael Popovich 116

Game Look behind the squares for matching letters
Printing Colorful Graphics/ Thomas Szlucho , 120

Printer Graphics A look at the CGP-1 15
Check This Oui/Shi Brooks 124

Household Utility A monthly checking account record
A By-The-Numbers Quiz/ Susan and Gary Davis 140

Quiz Learn hexadecimal and binary number systems
More Printer Mysteries/ Michael Himowitx 144

Printer Graphics/Game Print it to find the answer
CSAVE With Confidence/ Jorge Mir 146

Utility Protect your cassette saves from I/O errors
Holiday Greetings, Ea rth lings !/£u£c j n? Vasconi 150

Graphics A friendly communication from space
Gone Vishin'/ Norman Malice 158

Game Got the line, pole and boat, but where 's the bait?
Our Own Devices/ Donald D. Dollberg 163

Tutorial Directing I/O with device numbers
Spell ll Out/ Richard Smrcina 169

Utility On-screen error messages spelled out
Give A Snake A Break/ Gary Ritchie 1 73

Game Help! You're a snake on a 30-lane highway
Mon Mod/ Richard Koitkc 179

Hardware Modify CoCo for use with a monitor
Pix "N ' Puzzles/ Ssephen Lai 184

Game Rearrange the slicks and create pictures
Pie Graph Supreme/ Dave Clements 189

Graphics A well-done, menu-driven pie graph routine
Bridging The Gap/ Gregory Clark 202

Programming Utility Twenty screen routines
Four For Fun/ Paul Wesley Myers 210

Education Learning fun for young children
The Captain's Magic Machine/ Bob Lidd.il 218

Captain Eighty Being downloaded is unsettling to humans
MC-IO Memory Map/ Allen Curtis 309

Special Reading little brother's mind

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184

Departments

Advertiser Index 321

Assembly Corner/ Dennis Lewandowski 222

A lesson on assembly language

Back Issue Information 224

Basic Training/ Joseph Koiar 62

Learning to append your programs
Bits And Bytes Of Basic/ Richard White 215

A beginner's welcome to BASIC
Building January's Rainbow/ Jim Reed 16

A many-hued preview to this month's issue
CoCo Counsel/ Tom Nelson 166

A guide to better hardware and software purchases

Corrections 317

The Dragon's Byte/ Bill Nolan 34

Fantasy games imagination and role playing
Education Notes/ Steve Blyn 87

A little letter writing lesson
Education Overview/ Dr. Michael Plog 68

A value of traditional educational skills
GamcMaster's Apprentice/ Bob Albrechi 110

A beginner's lesson on cassette filing
Greetings From Uncle Bert/ Dale Peterson 302

Imitating the pigs and mice with circles
KISSable OS-9/ Dale L. Puckett 132

Nostalgia and notes

Letters To Rainbow/ Our Readers 6

The Pipeline/ Staff 162

PRINT n-lj Lawrence C. Folk 13

Editor's Notes

RAINBOW Info 320

Rainbow Scoreboard 306

Received And Certified 298

Reviewing Reviews 226

Submitting Material To Rainbow 261

Subscription Information 72

Turn Of The Screw/ Tony DiStefano 130

A guide to upgrading the CoCo 2
Using C7raphics/ Don Inman 1 52

Prompting your programs

Product Reviews

Airline 260

Balloon Attack 274

Body Parts 276

Bomber Command 256

Buzzard Bait 278

Cassette Controller 252

Colour Software Workbench 290

Command Stream Processor 286

Comp-U-Trace 287

Data Doctor 270

Dragonfly Fan 264

DVK1N 268

Early Games , 280

Fembot's Revenge 237

Flashcards 258

Glaxxons , 265

Guess The Animal , 276

Instrument Flight Simulator 232

Isle Of Fortune 262

Jail 261

Junior's Revenge 240

Light Pen 242

IMastcrmai) 266

Money Manager 272

Panic Button 230

Peanut Butter Panic 254

Prereader 288

Programmer's Toolkit 228

Rainbow's Corner 246

SPLC-1 296

Schematic Drafting Processor 282

Snoopy And The Red Baron 234

Stellar Search 251

VIP Terminal 229

Zeus 294

NEXT MONTH: February is our Adventures issue, the kkkol't ninur Adventure game contest. We'll announce the nik-sund
deadlines and onbrsnmc expert advice to get you started. In addition m ilirtc hl-w column* hl l 'II he adding in Kchnniry. wc lhv
also stiirtinu a rcia technical section of the magazine complete with a regular feature to answei your technical questions.

AsalWitys r WL""ll havca tuLJ mix nl CVL'ogamus, home help programs, utilities and tuu> rials, dozens and dozens 61 new product
announcements and more than .Hi hardware and software reviews.

Look lor the February Rainbow it>r more on the Color Computer than isasailahle Iruni any other source.

January 1984 Vol. Ill No. 6

Editor and Publisher

Lawrence C. Falk

Managing Editor James E. Reed
Senior Editor Courtney Noe
Technical Editor Dan Downard
Copy Editor Susan A. Remini
Submissions Editor Jutta Kapfhammer
Editorial Assistants Valarie Edwards.

Wendy Falk. Kevin Nickols

Noreen Morrison, Joyce Palgy
Contributing Editors Bob Albrecht, Steve

Blyn, Tony DiStefano. Don Inman, Joseph

Kolar, Dennis Lewandowski, Tom Nelson,

Bill Nolan, Dale Peterson, Michael Plog,

Dale Puckett, Charles Rosiund, Richard

White
Art Director Sally Nichols
Assistant Art Director Jerry McKternan
Designers Peggy Henry. Neal C. Lauron
Advertising Manager Charlotte Ford
Advertising Assistant Lynda Wilson

(502)228-4492
General Manager Patricia H. Hirsch
Assistant General Manager lor Finance

Donna Shuck
Bookkeeper Diane Moore
Administrative Assistant To The Publisher

Marianne Booth
Customer Service Manager Suzanne

Kurowsky
Assistant Customer Service Manager

Deidra Henry
Rainbow On Tape Subscriptions

Monica Wheat
Research Assistants Laurie Falk.

Wanda Perry
Dispatch Mark Herndon

Garland Associates, Inc. is the advertising repre-
sentative for The RAINBOW in the eastern United
Stales. Advertisers east of the Mississippi may con-
tact them lor further information. Garland Asso-
ciates, Inc., P.O. Box 314, S.H.S., Duxbury, MA
02331 .(617) 931-6464 or 934-6546.

The RAINBOW is published every month of Ihe
year byFALSOFT, INC., 9529 U.S. Highway 42, P.O.
Box 209, Prospect, KY, 40059. Phone (502) 228-
4492. TheftAINBOWand The RAINBOW logoiypes
are B Trademarks ol FALSOFT, Inc.

Second class postage pending at Louisville, KY.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The
RAINBOW P.O. Box 209, Prospect, KY 40059. For-
warding Postage Guaranteed. Authorized as
second class postage paid lrom Hamilton, Ontario
by Canada Post. Ollawa, Ontario, Canada

Entire contents * by FALSOFT, Inc., 1983 The
RAINBOW is intended for the private use and plea-
sure of Us subscribers and purchasers and repro-
duction by any means is prohibited. Use of informa-
tion herein is for the single end use of purchasers
and any other use is expressly prohibited. All pro-
grams herein are distributed in an "as is" basis.
without warranty of any kind whatsoever.

TRS-80, Color Basic, Extended Basic. Scripsil
and Program Pak are * trademarks of the Tandy
Corp. CompuServe is a * Trademark of Compu-
Serve Inc.

Subscriptions to The RAINBOW are $22 per year
($28 after Jan. 1. 19B4) in the United Stales. Cana-
dian and Mexican rates are U.S. $29 ($35 alter Jan.
1, 1984). Surface mail to other countries is U.S. $57
(S65 after Jan. 1, 1984), air mail U.S. $85 ($100 after
Jan, 1, 1984). All subscriptions begin with the next
available issue.

Limited back issues are available. Please see notice
(or issues which are in print and costs Payment
accepted by VISA. MasterCard. American Express.

Cash. Check or Money Order in U.S. currency only.

letters to,

RAINBOW

SWEET PRAISE

Editor:

1 can't tell you how much I look forward
to the Rainbow. I'm like a kid in a candy
shop. You writers have a real flair for being
concise. Top notch! All that praise, and for a
magazine that doesn't even have a center-
fold. Keep up the good work!

Robert A, Walker
Crewe, VA

Editor's Note:

Cheek our January 1983 issue. It does
have a foldout!

HELPFUL HINTS

Editor:

I have seen requests for locating the 5-pin
joystick plugs for the CoCo. They are avaiU-
able with the cable attached as part number
AW-2894. t paid SI. 62 for the plug with
cable in July 1983.

The 4-pin plugs for serial I/O should also
be available via the same route, but 1 don't
have a part number for them. Just ask for a
replacement connector for the 26-3020 cable,
or buy the 26-3020 cable which has two of
the 4-pin connectors on it.

1 have been a CoCo "nut" since June of
this year, and have found the Rainbow to be
the best buy in CoCo magazines (I'm a sub-
scriber, but the newsstand price isn't bad for
the amount of info you get in each issue).

John E. Carter
Smvrna. GA

RECIPES FOR COLD POKE

Editor:

In your November 1983 issue, you printed
the cold poke, POKE 11 3,0: EX EC 40999,
and asked for any handy uses Tor this poke.

Whai 1 use this poke for is to cold start the
CoCo when using my disk drive, without
having to extract the disk. Since the restart is
done from software and not hardware, there
is no flashing the head of the disk resulting in
crashed disks.

Also, for what it's worth, if you EXEC
40999 without the poke, you can get a reset,

1 use the cold start poke in a small pro-
gram that includes the unload command fol-
lowed by the poke.

David E. Fultz, Jr.
Marion, OH

Editor:

In the November issue, you requested a
reply from those who use the POKE 113,0:
EXEC 40999, I use this poke quite often but
with a slight modification, that is POKE

113.3: EXEC 40999. What this poke does is
to reinitilaize the computer to its normal
condition as when you first put it ON. It does
.this without shutting it down.

Each time 1 have entered and executed a
ML routine, be it a small utility, a game or
whatever, I always use this poke before load-
ing in another ML routine.

If, by mistake, I have the computer bug-
ging, and it seems to be okay after having
pushed the [RESET] button, 1 always do
this poke to make sure that the computer is
in normal working condition again. 1 like
your magazine a lot.

Alain Dussaull
Quebec, Canada

TO A BETTER SKETCH

Editor:

Since the printing of my program Color
Sketch in October's Rainbow, 1 have had
several calls about running the program on a
I6K machine as the article says can be done.
Though it is true that the program can be run
on a 16K machine, ! failed to include the
necessary modifications to do this. This let-
ter will correct this oversight.

In order to run the program on a 16K.
machine, the following lines must be
changed:

Line 5 change to . . .
CLEAR 1200.&H3EFF

Line 6 change to . . .
DEF U5R=&H3F00

Line I 1 change to . . .
FO R M M =& H 3 F00 TO & H 3 F I B

These changes should allow I6K users
to run the program with no problems.
1 hanks to Rainbow and all who have called
and complimented the program.

Darryl Ko tcher
Canton, Ml

INFORMATION PLEASE

Editor:

Do any of your readers use a Japusa
MQS-80 printer with their CoCo (also
known as a Tee- Writer 1). 1 am happy with
the way it works and find the text very clear
considering it only has a 7-wire print head
and is cheaper then a DMT 1 100. However. I
would [ike to know if there is a screen-print
program for it, or will most screen-print
programs work? Anyone interested in shar-
ing notes may contact meal 273 Park St. N.,
Pete rborough, K9J -3 W3 .

Over the last year and a half my CoCo has
grown from 4K to its present 64K ECB with
direct audio and composite video out. and

the Super-Pro keyboard. In the same time I
have watched the Rainbow grow from a few
pages to its present colossus, and somehow it
just gets better and better. I enjoy them both
immensely. They make a perfect team. Keep
up the excellent work.

Hubert Wren
Ontario, Canada

Editor:

1 would like to know how some of the
readers come up with these poke statements
for the various marketed games. How these
users arrived at these specific pokes is un-
known to me. Does it require a special soft-
ware pack or can it be done by anybody?
Also, is there anyone who knows how to get
out of Ray Sato's Dungeon of the Gods'! 1
have tried in vain to find the way out. It
seems to have no exit.

David Ravn
Jacksonville, 1L

Editor:

1 need a program that can permit creation
of say, 20 different symbols and then will
recall any of these from memory and draw
them on the screen at cursor location. One
should then be able to correct these (pipe
fitting) symbols by 'pipe lines' to show a pipe
diagram or small system. A screen dump to
printer (Gemini 10X) would be required
plus, if possible, an ability to add dimen-
sions.

A table, listing material type and quanti-
ties should also be'generatable'ioadd to the
pipe sheet — a 8>A by II inch printout. I'm
ready to pay for a good solution if the
response is rapid. Thanks Rainbow, for a
super magazine. My son and 1 almost fight
over who gets it first!

Mike Waters
Tracy. P.Q., Canada

GAMES, GAMES, GAMES

Editor:

If someone in Coco land has some answers
to Sands of Egypt, preferably how to finish
or get in the pyramid, I would appreciate it.
Send all clues and solutions to me at 2830
Riverside Dr.. Apt. 105 B, 33065.

Mike Rot hi nan
Coral Springs, FL

Editor:

1 need help on the games Beyond the
Cimmeon Moon and Poltergeist. If anyone
knows any clues, please write me at Box 275
R.R. Ii\ Clark 41 653. My main problems are
finding things that are hid'den on Cimmeon
Moon, and getting past the third screen on
Poltergeist.

Michael Rosenberg
Prestonhurg, KY

theHAINBOW January 19B4

Editor:

1 have helpful hints to solving Pyramid. I
have answers to questions such as "How do
you cross the bottomless pit which is too
wide to jump'.'": "How do you open the sar-
cophagus?"; "How do you kill the serpent?":
"How do you get to the hole above the east
pit in the two-pit room?"; and "How do you
get fresh batteries for your lamp?" If you
need help in Pyramid, just send a self
addressed stamped envelope to 1450 Pica-
dilly St., 23513.

Harry L. Perkins, III
Norfolk, VA

PEN PALS

Editor:

I am starting a CoCo pen pal service. If
there is anyone interested, please send a let-
ter to meat 29 Eagle Rd.. 07746. With your
letter include your name, address, what kind
of things you like to do with your computer,
and 25e. This is to provide for envelopes and
stamps. 1 think your magazine is great. Keep
up the good work!!

Michael Ho her
Marlboro, NJ

KUDOS

Editor:

The Rainbow deserves a great deal of
credit for the fine joh it has done in bringing
to light the many applications, ins and outs,
intricacies, updates — in short — the word

of the Color Computer to the general public

in a package that is not only relevant to the
experienced computer operator, but to the
novice as well. As computers become more
and more a way of life, surely one day a
person without knowledge ol computers will
be deemed "illiterate." That future may be
much closer than any of us expect, and it is a
comfort to know that magazines like yours
are there to push us along. Keep up the good
work!

William F. Jourdain
Macon, GA

Editor:

I picked up my first copy of Rainbow in
December of 82. I've loved every issue since
then. Your graphics issue was spectacular.

1 was astounded at Rainbow Roach. Then
when Marathon hit the screen I just looked
at it with awe! It took some debugging but [
regret that somebody wouldn't type in that
game.

Keep up the good work. Can't wait 'til

next month, and the next, and the next . . .

Brian S. Graham

Cleveland, 77V

Editor:

This is my first letter to any magazine.
You have a fine little magazine compared to
others that 1 receive. One CoCo magazine
I've read is poorly written, printed some-
times illegibly, and full of grammatical er-
rors. Another one, although it sometimes

has good information, is so arrogant, 1 gel
turned off.

Robert I. Cheney
Rio Piedras, PR

BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEMS

Editor:

1 am proud to announce a new CoCo Bul-
letin Board. The Seven Hills Hillbilly Board
of Forest, Virginia supports uploading and
downloading, and has many sections. They
include anything from graphics to an elec-
tronic magazine. We also have electronic
mail, and a disk full of downloads. We are
devoted to CoCos. but all types of compu-
ters are welcome. Currently we have Apples,
Model 1 00s, and Commodores. We are run-
ning the most efficient software available,
and it is idea! for long-distance callers.
Access us at 804-525-0312.

Charles E. Moore
Forest, VA

Editor:

I am the Sysop of the Colour 80 Bulletin
Board, and it is open 24 hrs. It is a highly
modified version of the Lee Blitch CoCo
Board 11. It uses Pete Lyall's new driver,
along with a lot of my own modifications, to
make it one of the best and fastest CoCo
Bulletin Boards in the nation. It features five
online games including Star Trek and Eliza,
a message file called Free Forum, and a huge
download section.

The phone number of the Board is (904)

'I
FOR YOUNG CHitOWM

13 ■'" *i

The Best Selling Program for Youruj Children
how Mailable for: TR5-80 Color Computer-
16K disk or cassette and TR5-80 Models
I/III-32K disk or 16K cassette

Mine fun educational games for children ages Z l k to 6

csr

J Circle one;

Model I Disk
Model 111 Disk

counterpoint software, inc.

4005 West Sixty-Fifth Street
Minneapolis. Minnesota 55435

Please rush me Early Games for Young Children

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Color Computer Cassette

name

Address

Phone Orders: 800-328-1223
Minnesota: 612-926-7888

Educators Endorse: "Early Games can help children
learn new concepts, information and skills, and
also introduces them to thejoys and benefits of
home computers"

Peter Clark, Faculty

Institute of Child Development

University of Minnesota

Mo adult supervision required. The Picture Menu
gives children control. They can:

■ Match Letters

■ Learn the Alphabet
• Spell their flames

■ Compare Shapes

1
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Zip

□ My check for 529.95 is enclosed (Minnesota residents add 6% sales tan).

□ Charge to VI5A D Charge to Mastercard

Acct. ho.

Expiration Date

\
I

Match numbers
Count Colorful
Blocks

■ Add Stacks of
Blocks

■ Subtract Stacks
of Blacks
Draw and
Save
Colorful
Fictures

January 1984 theHAINBOW

264-0.135. Because of a local crank caller,
new users musi call me voice firsi lor a pass-
word. My number is (904) 269-5383, 1 1
a.m. — 1 1 p.m. eastern lime.

Wizard Pendleton
Orange Park. FL

A TIMELY CORRECTION
Editor:

In reference to my program Appointment
Book, which appeared in the November
Rainbow. My accompanying article was left
out of the magazine, and for those of you
who are interested in the program; First,
many instructions were in the original article
and not present in the write-up. For
instance, items can be deleted from the
appointment book as they are displayed to
the screen (not during input, during display}-
Pressing D will delete the appropriate item.
Second, in response to requests, a newer
version displays a calendar graphically on
the screen and prints out data one month at a
time. Third, copies of the new version with
full documentation arc available from meat
the address 6609 Westmoreland Ave.,
20912. for $9,50. and I am also available to
give advice and assistance.

BUI Brink
Takonta Park. MD

AN EXCEPTIONAL CON 1 RIBUTION

Editor;

My wife and I have left the ranks of public
school teachers to form a private school
which is oriented in hasic academics and
specializing in the exceptional child.

Currently, as we struggle financially to
stay in existence, we are using our Personal
Color Computer with both gifted and learn-
ing disabled students.

We would be most grateful for any type of
hardware or software to be used with our
CoCo. We are a not-for-profit corporation'
and all donations arc lax deductible. In
addition, we will write all contributors, tell-
ing them how their gift will be used with our
students. Please send contributions to: Chil-
licothe Alternative School. Inc. 1515 North
Second 61523.

Richard D. Gordlev
Chillkothe, ll

BOUQUETS AND BRICKBATS

Editor:

I am writing this letter using the VIP Wri-

ferandam having a wonderful time doing it.
This is an a mazing product. However, my
real reason for writing this letter is to let your
readers know of the company and product
that has allowed me to upgrade my CoCo so
as to be able to use the Writer to its fullest
advantage. 1 used the Skyline 64K Memory
Upgrade Kit to improve my "D" board 1 6K
Extended CoCo to its full potential. Since I
get three of the four CoCo oriented maga-
zines and borrow the fourth from a friend, 1
have .seen all of the published 64 K upgrade
methods. None was as simple as the one
provided by Skyline with its memory chips.
This upgrade used wirew rapping, not solder-
ing, and required no cutting ol capacitors, ll

also has chip sockets so that it is removable
at will. I am a physician, not an electrician,
but still had the upgrade up and running in
half an hour and that was only because of my
need to undo and fix some of my work while
learning from experience,

I hope that passing on my experience can
be helpful to others who also wish to upgrade
I heir computers but a re afraid to play around
in its innards,

Howard A. Gtick, MD
Leesburg, VA

FAST SERVICE

Editor:

We just got an Olivetti Praxis 4! typewrit-
er/ printer. Its Baud rate is 96, and we need
to know how to POKE96 Baud into CoCo's
RAM.

I would also like to commend Petrocci
Freelance Associates for their fast service.
We ordered their Bowling Secretary pro-
gram by mail on a Friday and received the
program the following Tuesday,

I would also like to commend the Rain-
bow on its wonderful service and the Rain-
bow soundshcet. This just proves that your
magazine and the CoCo are the best in their
fields.

Paul Hylic
Scottsdale, AZ

Editor:

Last year 1 look a friend's advice and
instead of buying Intellivision for my son's
birthday, I bought a Color Computer. He
also suggested I subscribe to the Rainbow.

As so often staled in your magazine, I
received a great deal more than 1 could have
ever imagined in the computer and I can say
the same for your magazine, Wilhoul your
magazine, 1 would not have access lo all the
fine programs, knowledge, reviews and infor-
mation that makes the CoCo the powerful
instrument il is.

I have ordered a goodly amount o f so f t -
ware from your advertisers, arid while I have
had my problems (some quite exasperating)
I would especially like to commend one that
has been of tremendous help to me and has
gone far beyond what anyone could expect
in the way of service.

The company is Transformation Tech-
nologies and 1 wholeheartedly recommend
iheir programs for those like myself who
have absolutely no computer training. With
Transformation Technologies' help, I have
an up and running word processor, data-
base, mailing list and merger for under $75,

The ads and prices may be small but the
product is big in quality and service, lfyou
arc looking for programs that arc easy lo
use, I highly recommend Transformation
Technologies.

Jack Thompson
Gailhersburg, MD

pairing electrical cords and the like. 1 would
like to encourage all of your readers to
upgrade iheir CoCos themselves,

F. M. Logullo
Hockes&in, DE

AN UPLIFTED UPCRADER

Editor:

1 recently did the64K upgrade offered by
"■Selected Software" on my I6K. "F" hoard. I
found it very easy to do and il works per-
fectly. I'm one of these guys that's all thumbs
and my prior electrical experience was re-

CLUBS AND MORE CLUBS

Editor;

I would like lo inform your readers of the
Peoria Color Computer Club for the Color
Computer users in Peoria, 111. and the sur-
rounding area. We meet on the second and
fourth Saturdays of each month at 1 a.m. at
the Germanlow n Hills Fire Station in Ger-
manic wn Hills. For further information
please contact me at 102 Twin Oaks Ci.
61611 or call (309) 694^1703.

Harold E. Brazee
East Peoria, ft

Editor:

1 am writing to announce the formation of
a new international Adventurer's club for all
CoCo users interested in playing or writing
adventure programs. Members will main-
tain contact through a monthly newsletter.

For more information contact me at 84
Camberlcy Crcs., Brampton. L6V 3L4,
phone (416) 451-9452.

Maurice Dow. Ph.D.
Ontario, Canada

Editor;

On behalf of other CoCo enthusiasts, I
would like to invite groups and individuals,
in the U.S. lo correspond with fellow users in
Australia.

We read with envy each month aboul the
enormous amount of software and hardware
available to your readers in the States. By
communicating with interested people, we
may find ways to overcome some of the
problems in getting that great su'ff out here.

Thus, by dealing this "bridge" between
our countries, we hope to obtain and ex-
change information and ideas on the fantas-
tic Color Computer.

Any initial contact can be made c/ o Pen-
rith Users Group, 16 Tent St., 2750 N.S.W.
David Cunningham
Kingswood, A usi'ralia

Editor:

Anyone in the Athens, Georgia area who
is interested in visiting or joining a Color
Computer Club, there is a group thai meets
the first and third Tuesday ai 7:30 p.m. in
Room 38 1 of the Science Library at the Uni-
versity of Georgia, lfyou need more infor-
mation, write to meat Route 2, Box 1 65- A,
or simply come to the meetings.

Robert Hendrix
Waikinsville, GA

Editor;

I would like to announce lo all your read-
ers the formation of the Greater Toledo
Color Computer Club. The club meets the
first Thursday of the month at the Wernert
Civic Building on Douglas , north of Laskey,
in Toledo. The meeting lime is 7:30 p.m. For
more information, call 478-6961 or 537- 1 432.

John Nyitray
Sylvania, OH

the RAINBOW January 1984

Give up on Word Processors for
Fost Letter Writing Moiling Lobels

Instead use the

DATABASE/MAILER 2.0

&
LETTER WRITER 2.0

BOTH FOR

$4995

for FAST single page letters or
1 000' s of form letters and labels

SEE REVIEW DECEMBER ISSUE

/£Sv plus shipping
£CSw and handling

See Rainbow's
Coupon Page

in this issue for
additional savings!

NO WORD PROCESSING EXPERIENCE NECESSARY

- CC-DBM2/LW2 USES-

• Accounts

• Insurance

• Proposals

• Bulk Mail

• Dental Recall

• Lost Card Reporting

• Change of Address

• Christmas Lists/ La be Is

• Churches

• Club Membership

• Realtor Listings

• Sales Records

— BIG SYSTEM FEATURES —

• Active menus guide you to valid operations.

• 32K system allows 68 to 454 records per file.

• 16'K system allows 13 to 95 records per Hie.

• 4- 10 fields, 5- 27 field widths, 20- 270 char/record.

• All user definable with default vaEues - simple.

• Memory sense adjusts files lo system size.

• FAST key index sort by any field you chooae.

• Adjusts for empty address lines - hd gaps.

* Up to 9 line labels with up to 500 copies each

* Master two Column printout with lieid names,

* Master printout includes date, paging & filename.
« Selective printing by any lield or Maid range.

* Accepts alpha or numeric *ip codes up to 9 digits.

* Partial or whole item search by any chosen field

* Single screen 10 record display by any field,

* Single key entry for hard copy o( screen data,

• Fast single page letter writing with wordwrap.

■ Embedded commands center, tab and line skip.

■ Full screen edil allows delete, Insert A change.

• Headings and closings are tabbed, spaced and printed - ail automatically.

• No "Database Adventure"- over 40 page manual

• Manual includes program operation Flowcharts,

■ Not needed but included is user modification section.

• And many more features - too numerous lo 31st.

When ordering please provide:
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY/STATE
ZIP CODE
PHONE
TAPE or DISK
CREDIT CARD NO.
EXP, DATE

Master Card holders —
include interbank no.

<g®

We ship within 24 hours

Call our 24 hour orderline

619-695-1385

or 61 9-566-601 3, 9 — 5 p.m. PST weekdays
or send check or money order to:

EUS ENGJNEERJNG

9528 Suite 35, Miramar Road
San Diego, CA 921 26

"Sewing the Defense and Space Industry since 1979"

Please include the following:
$2 postage and handling
U.S. funds only
CA residents add 6% tax
COD orders add $2

Dealer inquiries invited

Personal checks - OK
we won't make you wait.

THE TOP 4 COCO GAMES...

oaosoo <|£

TRRGCT >'*3pW<

.1 1.

F.DUM

.Mil

ZAKSUND

From Elite Software comes this
fantastic arcade style space
action game with 3 different
stages of moving 3-D graphics.
You've never seen anything like
this on your CoCo! Great sound
too! 32K Tape; $24.95

CUBIX

By Spectral Associates. Very
much like the arcade smash!
lump little Cubrx around the 3D
maze trying to change the color
of all the squares. With Death
Globes, Discs, Snakes, etc. 32K
Tape: $24,95

COLORCADE

SUPER IOYSTICK MODULE

NLY$19.95

IOYSTICK INTERFACE/RAPID FIRE/6 FT. EXTENDER ALL IN ONE! The
Colorcade allows connection of any Atari type joystick to your CoCo

(including the Wico Red Ball). These switch type sticks are extremely
rugged and have a raster and more positive response. They will improve the
play of almost any action game.

An adjustable speed rapid fire circuit is built in. Press your fire button and
gel a great burst of fire instead or just a single shor! You get a real advantage
in shooting games that do not have repeat tire.

THE KING

Previously called Donkey King',
you simply cannot buy a more
impressive game for your CoCo.
With 4 different screens and
loads of fun! From Tom Mix Soft-
ware. 32K Tape: $25.95

ATARI IOYSTICK
9 NLY *0

THF BEST YOU

CAN BUY
WICO #75-9730

$29.95
WICO FAMOUS
"RED BALL"

GHOST GOBBLER

From Spectral Assoc. This
"PAC" theme game has been
improved several times. It is
definitely the best of its type. Bril-
liant color, action and sound.
just like an arcade. 16K Tape:
$24.95

ROM/ PROJECT/
PRODUCT CASE

Give a professional look to your project
or product! High quality 3 piece injection
molded plastic with spring loaded door.
Designed especially for the CoCo ROM

slot,

2-4 pes $5.50 Ea.

5- 9 pes $3.50 Ea.

)0 -99 pes $2.75 Ea.

100 & UP Call Us.

PC. board for 27XX EPROMS. . . $4.00 Ea.

COLORWARE
LIGHT PEN

ONLY $19.95

WITH SIX FREE
PROGRAMS ON
CASSETTE!

The Colorware Light Pen plugs directly into your joystick port and
comes with six fun & useful programs on cassette. Easy instruc-
tions show how to use it with Basic and it's compatible with light
pen software such as Computer Island's "Fun Pack." Order yours
today. Only $19.95 complete.

TELEWRITER-64

TEL E H E I T E *-* i

This is an xhnl Lrrrttuhnl Mleroid Photo of a
Max ni *ita strw shw.rrt rt* &*M thrtt*
1el*tert-*4\ khte

not The r*W»

JfE(»r|ta>&4 it. trulv tt* nttt *v#cfj: avt
MrFikiriCBtM w*4 professor you taft Enw Fir yaw
Cofw CawutB- of W-LWh If you an a Mifttflr
or Wt Hi in** in of tfttml *»i !rtv mil* should
ret be without this *tvtcm, TiJe^iTir tat b«

Sri Kith M\1 lit;, '£% cr t* lyjt*" Ind U Hi 3Ri
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nniibTHoi ■ ttitM t -* * t * i

■ rVl tJlFlhl JlilMDMrstllfilll

It ./»€>?♦ 'Mll'DM.-l

DISK $59.95

CASSETTE... $49.95

Colorware researched the word
processors available for the Color
Computer. This is the best. Tele-
writer-64 is a truly sophisticated sys-
tem that is marvelously easy to use.
It works with any 16K, 32K or 64K
system and any CoCo compatible
printer,

TOP-RATED COCO
WORD PROCESSOR

[COLORWARE

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: ra

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TOLL FREE ORDERING

800-221-0916

Q)())ftrsn\'iy.,\ l .y. & infc

'REAL TALKER

HARDWARE Voice Synthesizer

NEW from
COLORWARE..
only... $59.95

THINKING OF BUYING A
COCO VOICE SYNTHESIZER?

READTHIS....

Making yourcomputer talk couldn't be any easier!
'Real Talker' is a full featured, ready to use, HARDWARE
voice synthesizer system in a cartridge pak. It uses the
Votrax SC-01 phoneme synthesizer chip to produce a
clear, crisp voice.

FREE TEXT-TO-SPEECH

Included free with 'Real Talker' is Colorware's
remarkable Text-to-Speech program. This is a truly
powerful machine language utility. What it does is
automatically convert plain English to speech. And it has
an unlimited vocabulary! For example, use it in the direct
mode: Type in a sentence or a paragraph, even mix in
numbers, dollar signs, etc., then press enter. The text is
spoken. At the same time a phoneme string is generated
which can be saved to cassette or disk, modified or used
in a Basic program.

We originally planned to sell this major piece of
programming for about $40.00 but decided it was so
useful that no 'Real Talker' user should be without it.
Besides, it really shows off the capability of 'Real Talker'.

Also included with 'Real Talker' is our unique Phoneme
Editor program. It allows you to explore and create
artificial speech at the phoneme level, Phenomes are the
fundi mental sounds or building blocks of word
pronunciation. There are 64 different phenomes, as well
as 4 inflection levels at your disposal. Creating and
modifying speech at the phenome level is both fascinating
and educational. The Phenome Editor may also be used to
customize the pronunciation of speech produced by the
Text-to-Speech program.

You don't have to use any of our utility programs
though. If you write your own Basic Programs, you will
find the pocket sized Votrax Dictionary (included free) is
ail you need to make your own Basic programs talk. This
dictionary gives you quick access to the phenome
sequences used to create approximately 1400 of the most
used words in the English language.

How about compatibility? 'Real Talker' is compatible
with any 16K, 32K, 64K, Extended or non-extended Color
Computer. It works with any cassette or disk based
system, with or without the Radio Shack Multi-slot
expander. No other synthesizer under $1 00 can make this
claim, Most other CoCo voice synthesizers require an
expensive Multi-slot expander in order to work with the
disk system. 'Real Talker' requires only an inexpensive Y-
adapter. This is an important consideration if you plan on
adding a disk or have one already.

'Real Talker' comes completely assembled, tested and
ready to use. It is powered by the CoCoand talks through
yourT.V. speaker so there is nothing else to add. Price
includes Text-to-Speech and other programs on cassette
(may be transferred to disk), User Manual and Votrax
Dictionary. ONLY $59.95

'Y-BRANCH1NC CABLE' For disk systems. This 40-pin, 3
connector cable allows 'Real Talker' to be used with any
disk system $29.95

YOU DECIDE....

Order yours today on our Toll-Free Order Line. If you are
not delighted with your 'Real Talker' system, simply
return it within 30 days for a prompt, courteous refund.

[COLORWARE

COLORWARE INC.
78-03F Jamaica Ave.
Woodhaven, NY 11421
(212) 647-2864

* • ORDERING INFORMATION • * *

4DD $2.00 Pf K ORDtk fOH SHIPPING & HANDLING.
C.O.D.'S: ADD $3.00 EXTRA.
SHIPPING& HANDLING FOM CANADA ISS4.00
Wf ACCtPTVISA, MASTER CARD, M.O.'S, CHICKS.
N.Y. HESIDtNTS MUST ADD SAUS TAX.

Five Easy Ways
To Clean Up Your Finances.

actual screen display -Indicates function being shown

Chart of Accounts
'Checkbook Maintenance
Check Search
Prints Checks

'Detail Budget Analysis
Summary Budget

Analysis
Income/Expense

Statements
Net Worth Statement

Appointments Calendar
Payments Calendar
•Color Chart Package
Mailing List

'Spreadsheet
Compatible with
Finance 1, 2 and 5

'Income Tax
Prints forms
Most schedules
Uses Finance 1, 2 and 4

^Complete Personal Accountant™ ^

/««,.. All

Whether you're cleaning up at home or around the of-
fice, there's NOW a COMPLETE line of money manage-
ment software that will attend to all the details, while
letting you see the whole financial picture. The Com-
plete Personal Accountant's exclusive combination of
easy to use programs give the wise investor a quick and
dependable way to control finances and plan for the
future.

FINANCE 1 gets you organized with a Standard chart of
accounts adaptable to any situation. The Checkbook
Maintenance program with full screen editing and special
'Help' commands let you find any check by any field.
You can Hag tax deductibles, reconcile your bank
statement, print checks and more.

FINANCE 2 tells you where your money is,
where it's going and where It's coming
from. The Detail and Summary Budget pro-
grams show exactly where you're spending
your money. The Income/Expense and Net
Worth programs provide professional-
looking statements that can be printed
with any SO column printer.

FINANCE 3 separates the CPA from the
competition. No other finance package for
the home or small business gives you Ap-

pointments and Payments Calendars for scheduling your time and money.
Few packages offer the ability to chart each account in color. And only the
CPA includes a mailing list with a 1200 name capacity*. All reports are print-
able with an 80 column printer.

FINANCE 4 lets you determine the "what it's" of your financial future. With
this easy to learn spreadsheet you'll spend more time making decisions and
less time crunching numbers,

FINANCE S, The Tax Handler'", uses your fifes from Finance 1, 2 and 4 to com-
plete your taxes in a fraction of the normal lime.

The Complete Personal Accountant 1 " line of money manage-
ment software is simply the most comprehensive, easy to
use financial software available anywhere.

Disk

Cassette

Finance 1

39.95

34.95

Finance 2

29.95

24.95

Finance 3

29.8S

24.9S

Finance 4

29.95

24.95

Finance 5

59.95

54.95

SAVE when you

purchase Finance 1, 2

and 3 as a set

79.95

74.95

Available for Atari 400. r 80OV12Q0 i ' 1 , Commodore 64"",
IBM PC™ TRS 30 Color" and Vic 20™

Prices subject to change without notice. Add S3.0Q
for poslage and handling.

Ask yau local deal to see a running demo or call
1-800- 33 4 -SO FT to order direct

* Varies according to computer.

Frograimnerttofcfe a division of

p.o. box 3470, department rr, chapel hill, north Carolina 27514

PRINT #-2,

r ell, it is 1984 and we have some really exciting news to
kick off the new year. Frankly, the biggest prohlem
that I have is in deciding which of the pieces of news is
the most exciting. To my mind, the best way to resolve that
question is simply to address which of them you will have to make
plans for the most — and since one of them will be coming your
way no matter what you do, we'll start with the one that requires
some action on your part.

What I'm talking about is the second RAINBOWfest of the
season, to beheld in long Beach, Calif., on Feb. 17-19, 1984. This
promises to be one of the biggest events of the year.

We choose to go to beautiful, sunny Southern California in the
dead of winter because we figured it might be just the thing for a
m id-win ter vacation. And, now here's a bonus! The weekend is the
one during which Washington's Birthday will be observed, so that
means most of you (and your kids) will have an "extra" day of
vacation. It is one of those long weekends the "Monday Holiday"
concept has given us.

So, for RAINBOWfest — Long Beach, you have an extra day
to enjoy the sun and warm weather of Southern California. And
what an opportunity for enjoyment. The Hyatt-Regency Long Beach (our convention hotel, and brand
new, ! might add) isjtist 20 minutes away from Disneyland, 20 minutes from Marineland,25 minutes from
Knott's Berry Farm and about 20 minutes from Universal Studios, which has one of the most unique tours
Fve ever seen. And, a big bonus: The hotel is also just five minutes by water taxi from the Queen Mary,
which is moored in Long Beach Harbor. Howard Hughes' "Spruce Goose, "the world's largest airplane, is
also in the Harbor, And, yes. you can watch the sun set over the balmy blue Pacific right from your hotel
room.

What I'm trying to get across is that here is a chance for a really great family vacation. There's a great
recreation area right across from the hotel, too, so for the non-computer people in your family, there will
beplenty to do while the computer people spend time at RAINBOWfest itself. There arc special room rates
at the Hyatt (just mention RAINBOWfest) and the hotel is one of the most beautiful we've seen.

More important, there's a lot of talk in the industry about this particular show simply because of the
lime of the year we're having it. It is a chance for the exhibitors to get away from the cold, too. And early
indications are that a lot of people will be taking advantage of that opportunity! So, RAINBOWfest in
Long Beach promises to he one or the bigger shows we will have this year!

With all the talk of Disneyland , sun, balmy skies and the Queen Mary, let's not forget that we have a
couple ol special things lined up that will make this show something extra.

For one thing, we have plans for a couple of programs on Women and Computers — working from both
sides oflhe fence. Plans are for some of the women who are active in the computer industry to be talking
about computers and computing. Here is an opportunity for women to meet women who have a common
interest in an area which (we believe wrongly) too many seem to lake for granted as a "man's world."

But for those of you who are "unreconstructed" and just hdteCoCo (What!), another session is planned
as well. Here, we're interested in helping you air your gripes about computing with others who have the
same ideas. And, while we are billing this as a "woman's" session, men who feel "left out" are cordially
invited to attend as well.

Also on the seminar schedule, a special session with Phil Kitchen of Radio Shack. Phil is in charge of
the Third Party Software Support program for Tandy and will be meeting with those who arc interested in
marketing programs. If you've ever thought about selling software, here's a great opportunity to get some
inside information and help.

Let's not forget our "CoCo Community Breakfast." Bob Albrecht, one oflhe foremost authors in the
computer world and a Rainbow columnist, will be the keynote speaker. Don Inman, one of Bob's cohorts
and another columnist, will be giving a seminar on LOGO especially aimed at educators and young people.
And, we're also trying something new in the seminar field this time: Members of the Dymax Team,
working under the name of the "Dragons Of Menlo Park. "will be hosting an open-ended seminar on any
CoCo topics you want to discuss. These, plus a host of other seminars and workshops, add up to a very
interesting program in addition to the exhibits.

And speaking of the exhibits, this RAINBOWfest comes at the very height of the post-Christmas
season. With hundreds of thousands of new CoCos expected to be sold, software and hardware vendors
will be introducing a wealth of new merchandise at the show. And remember, one ticket getsyou admission
to the show floor and all the programs (except the breakfast, which is extra).

January 1984 the RAINBOW 13

And we have two extra-special incentives for you. The
first 500 ticket orders will receive a free Rainbow poster, a
handsome full-color reproduction of our January, 1983,
cover. Plus, the first five ticket orders from each slate and
province will receive one of our new RAINBOWfest ice
shirts. This is a special design for the Long Beach show,
featuring our logo of a CoCoanda palm tree. And, yes, you
can buy others at the show!

Most of all, RAINBOWfest will be fun! So, plan to be
with us in Long Beach in February. There is a ticket order
blank on Page 190 of this issue.

We're just as excited about the second piece of news that
we have to announce this month — the inauguration in
February of a technical section of the Rainbow.

Dale Puckctl, our OS-9 columnist, will be one of the
featured writers in the new Technical Section, but he will be
joined by at least two top-notch people with years of expe-
rience in the 6809 field.

One of these new people is Frank Hogg, president of
Frank Hogg Laboratory. The other is Paul Searby. owner of
Computerware and a long-time dealer, programmer and
technical whiz with 6809 systems.

1 n addition to these new members of the staff, we encour-
age you to contribute material for the Technical Section,
which will be incorporated as a special part of the Rainbow.
As such, it will be easy to find and will, we believe, provide a
wealth of detail and information on more sophisticated uses
of the Color Computer and 6S09 programming.

I felt extremely fortunate to have Dale join us several
months ago and i feel just as proud that Frank and Paul will

POKES, PEEKS & EXECS FILE

Get complete Color Computer power with this
exhaustive file containing over 100 pokes, peeks
& exec commands with full comments for each.
Hi-speed pokes, break disables, list disables and
much more! We will even give you abonus-Tape-
to-Disk copy program. All this for only $5.00
(Postpaid). File on Tape $7.50, File on Disk $9.50
(Postpaid).

Recent Supplement to Pokes, Peeks & Execs file
with 50 additional pokes, peeks & execs, only
$3.00 (Postpaid).

HIDE-A-BASIC
A perfect utility to protect your programs with 4
self-executing ML routines to disable list, break-
key, reset and create an error skip routine. 16K
Ext. Basic. Cassette $16.95.

CARTRIDGE DUMP
Transfer most Rompaks to tape or disk. No need
to take out the disk controller. 16K or 32K Ext.
Basic Cassette $14.95.
ORDER TODAY!

Send cash, check orMO. We pay shipping & Han-
dling, NYS Residents please add Sales Tax.

MICROCOM SOFTWARE

P.O. BOX 214

Fairport, NY 14450

(716) 425-1824

be with us beginning next month. You've already read some
of the nice things I've had to say about Dale, but let me add
that Frank is a unique individual who has provided excellent
insight into technical aspects and advanced operating sys-
tems of the Coco several years now white Paul has been a
part of personal computers from the days you had to build
your own — and he did.

You might ask whether we are planning to turn the Rain-
bow into a high-tech magazine. The answer is no. We will
continue to offer a large number of games, hints and tips,
practical uses, graphics, utilities and just-for-fun programs
as we have done before.

However, wc believe there is a growing segment of CoCo
owners who want to delve more deeply into programming
and some of the technical aspects of the 6809. This natural
growth of the market (as evidenced, wc believe, by Radio
Shack's marketing of OS-9) will be addressed through our
new section while not stinting on all the less technical things
which have made the Rainbow so popular to tens of thou-
sands of you every month.

We're fortunate. I believe, that through our two and a half
years of publishing we have had your support which has
allowed us to grow as large as we are. Because of that, we
believe there is room to address additional aspects of the
CoCo world without takinganythingaway from what wedo
now.

As always, I look forward to your comments on this move
and encourage you to let us know what you think about it.

Finally, one of the questions 1 get asked the most these
days concerns the demise of the Atari and Texas Instru-
ments computers and how 1 believe they will affect the Color
Computer.

You have seen me write several times about my admira-
tion for the people at Radio Shack who do the planning for
CoCo and it is significant to me. at any rate, to say that I feel
that admiration seems to be hanging out there for all to see
in light of the Tl and Atari news.

While these two firms are the first victims of the "sha-
keout" that industry-watchers have been predicting for
some time, 1 think it is instructive to note that Tandy pro-
duced a 24 percent increase in profit during its last fiscal
year. Sure, Tandy sells more than computers, but it is my
understanding that computers in general, and CoCo in par-
ticular, had a lot to do with that increase.

So, my answer is that 1 believe the "shakeout" won't do
anything but help our favorite computer. When you can buy
a computer as complete as CoCo for as little as it sells for
today, and get the widest range of additional equipment
available on the market at prices as reasonable as they are,
you can only expect that the future looks rosy indeed from
Tandy Towers.

And that's good lor us, too. Because it means that there
will be more and more people seeing what so many of us
have seen for so long, that we have the hest computer
available for the best price anywhere. That will only swell
our ranks as CoCo owners, bring about even more products
and help CoCo expand even more.

Telia friend about your Color Computer. You'll be doing
him or her a big favor!

(And while you're at it. tell them about us, too. OK7)

— Lonnie Falk

the RAINBOW January 1981

the Color Computer Word Processor

3 display formats: 51/64/85

columns x 24 lines

True lower case characters

User-friendly full -screen

editor

Right justification

Easy hyphenation

Drives any printer

Embedded format and

control codes

Runs in 16K, 32K, or 64K

Menu-driven disk and

cassette I/O

No hardware modifications

required

THE ORIGINAL

Simply stated, Telewriter is the most powerful
word processor you can buy for the TRS-80
Color Computer. The original Telewriter has
received rave reviews in every major Color
Computer and TRS-80 magazine, as well as
enthusiastic praise from thousands of satisfied
owners. And rightly so.
The standard Color Computer display of 32
characters by 16 lines without lower case is
simply inadequate for serious word processing.
The checkerboard letters and tiny lines give you
no feel for how your writing looks or reads.
Telewriter gives I he Color Computer a 51
column by 24 line screen display with true
lower case characters. So a Telewriter screen
looks like a printed page, with a good chunk of
text on screen at one time. In fact, more on
screen text than you'd get with Apple 11, Atari,
TI, Vic or TRS-80 Model III.

On top of that, the sophisticated Telewriter
full-screen editor is so simple to use, it makes
writing fun. With single-letter mnemonic
commands, and menu-driven I/O and

formatting, Telewriter surpasses all others for
user friendliness and pure power.

Telewriter's chain printing feature means that
the size of your text is never limited by the
amount of memory you have, and Telewriter's
advanced cassette handler gives you a powerful
word processor without the major additional
cost of a disk.

...arte of the beat programs for the Color
Computer I have seen...

— Color Computer News, Jan. 1 982

TELEWRITER-64

But now we've added more power to
Telewriter. Not just bells and whistles, but
major features that give you total control over
your writing. We call this new supercharged
version Telewriter -64. For two reasons.

64K COMPATIBLE

Telewriter-64 runs fully in any Color Computer
— 16K, 32K, or 64K, with or without Extended
Basic, with disk or cassette or both. It
automatically configures itself to take optimum
advantage of all available memory. That means
thai when you upgrade your memory, the
Telewriter-64 text buffer grows accordingly. In
a 64 K cassette based system, for example, you
get about 40K of memory to store text. So you
don't need disk or FLEX to put all your 64K
to work immediately.

64 COLUMNS (AND 85!)

Besides the original 51 column screen,
Telewriter-64 now gives you 2 additional high-
density displays: 64 x 24 and 85 x 24H Both
high density modes provide all the standard
Telewriter editing capabilities, and you can
switch instantly to any of the 3 formats with a
single control key command.
The 51 x 24 display is clear and crisp on the
screen. The two high density modes are more
crowded and less easily readable, but they are
perfect for showing you the exact layout of
your printed page, all on the screen at one
time. Compare this with cumbersome
"windows" that show you only fragments at a
time and don't even allow editing.

RIGHT JUSTIFICATION &
HYPHENATION

One outstanding advantage of the full-width
screen display is that you can now set the
screen width to match the width of your
printed page, so that "what you see is what
you get." This makes exact alignment or
columns possible and it makes hyphenation
simple.

Since short lines are the reason for the large
spaces often found in standard right justified
text, and since hyphenation is the most
effective way to eliminate short lines,
Telewriter-64 can now promise you some of the
best looking right justification you can get on
the Color Computer.

FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS:

Prill ling and iormaltinp,: Drives atty printer
(LPVII/VII1, DMP-100/200, Epson, Okidata,
Centronics, NEC, C. Itch, Smith-Corona,
Terminer, elc),

F. imbedded control codes (live full dynamic access 10
intelligent primer features like: underlining,
subscript, superscript, variable font and type size, dot-
graphics, etc.

Dynamic (embedded) formal controls for: top,
bottom, and leTt margins; lint length, lines per page.
line spacing, new page, change page numbering,
conditional new page, enable /disable justification.
Menu-driven control of these parameters, as well as:
pause ai page bottom, page numbering, baud rale (so
you can run your printer at top speed), and Epson
font. H 'Typewriter* h feature sends typed lines directly
to your printer, and Direct mode sends control codes
right from the keyboard. Special Epson driver
simplifies use with MX -80.

Supports single and multi-line headers and automatic
centering. Print or save all or any section of the text
buffer. Chain print any number of Hies from cassette
or disk.

Flic and I/O Features: ASCJI format files —

create and edit BASIC, Assembly, Pascal, and C
programs, Smart Terminal files (for uploading or
downloading), even text files from other word
processors. Compatible with spelling checkers (like
Spell 'n Fix).

Cassette verify command for sure saves. Cassette auto-
retry means you type a load command only once no
matter where you arc in the tape.
Read in, save, partial save, and append files with disk
and/or cassette. For disk: print directory with free
space to screen or printer, kill and rename files, set
default drive. Easily customized to the number of
drives in the system.

ErJilirtg features: Fast, full-screen editor with
wordwrap, block copy, block move, block delete, line
delete, global search and replace (or delete), wild card
search, fast auto-repcat cursor, fast scrolling, cursor
up, down, right, left, begin line, end line, lop of text,
bottom of text; page forward, page backward, align
text, tabs, choice of buff or green background,
complete error protection, line counter, word counter,
space left, current file name, default drive in effect,
seL line length on screen.

Insert or delete text anywhere on the" screen without
changing "modes." This fast "free-form" editor
provides maximum ease of use. Everything you do
appears immediately on the screen in front of you.
Commands require only a single key or a single key
plus CLEAR.

,,Jmty siate of the art word processor.,
outstanding in every respect.

— The RAINBOW. Jan 1982

RAINBOW

PROFESSIONAL
WORD PROCESSING

You can no longer afford to he without the
power and efficiency word processing brings to
everything you write. The TRS-80 Color
Computer is the lowest priced micro with the
capability for serious word processing. And
only Telcwriter-64 fully unleashes that
trap ability,

Telewriter-64 costs $49.95 on cassette, S59.93
on disk, and comes complete with over 70
pages of well-written documentation. (The step-
by-step tutorial will have your writing with
Telewriter-64 in a matter of minutes.)
To order, send check or money order to:

Cognitec
704 Nob Street
Del Mar, CA 92014

Or check your local software store. If you have
questions, or would like to order by Visa or
Mastercard, call us at (619) 755-1258
(weekdays, 8AM-4PM PST). Dealer inquiries
invited.

(Add J2 for shipping. Californians add 6 fl /e siaic tax; Allow 2
weeks for personal checks. Send self-ad dressed stamped
envelope fur Telewriter reviews from CCN, RAINBOW,
flO-Micro. SG-U.S. Telewriter owners: send SASE or call for
in formal ion on upgrading to TelewriEcr-64. Telewriter*
eompaiiblc spelling checker (Spell 'n Fin} and Sman Terminal
program (Coloreom/El also available. Call or write for more
in formal ion.)

Apple 11 is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.; Atari is a
trademark of Atari, [inc.; TRS-BO is a trademark of Tandy
Carp; MX '80 i& a trademark of Epson America, Inu.

CONNECTION
SOFTWARE

1060 Buddie* Dr., Sindy, Utah 84070 (SOD 571-50M
*••••*•*****

COLOR DESIGNER

The ultimate Hi-Res Graphics Pro-
cessor!!! Great for doodling, sketching,
and most of all, creating entire graphics
screens. Ootions include; 3 key cursor
control with key repeat. Draw command
that follows your cursor, FILL command
that "PAINTS" the screen with more than
1000 different color/texture combinations,
and much much more! ! /^^^

1 6/32K cas S26.95 disk S28.95. ff^\a

RAINBOW

QUIZ ALL

A versatile quiz program. Has study and

lest formats and allows printing of quiz.
Even includes an option for the computer
to generate multiple choice answers!
cas$18.95 disk$20.95

COMPU SCRIBE B.S.A.

Got a headache keeping track of merit
badges, rank advancements, etc. Compu
Scribe keeps tabs on the whole (roop and
creates printouts by scout, by rank, or
alphabetically. Requires a printer with 132
character mode.

Available on disk only - $26.95.

OKI DUMP

Eight bit screen dumo from CoCo to an
Okidata printer without dot addressaole
graphicsl Includes nints on printing pic-
tures of game screens, etc. ["The King"
by Tom Mix, is the example) a steal at

16K cas 58.95 i6KdisK 510.95

Hot Dog!
A Brand Now Year.

RAINBOW

l 1Ks lxtaCoe to

Call or write for oar free newsletter.
All cassette orders include disk version en
cassette with instructions to transter to oisk.
Unless otnerwise soecified programs reauire
16 K extended tor cassette, or 32K exienaed
lor aisk. Aaa $2 -CO snioDing a no nana ling.
Utan residents add 5'A V. sales tax.
Oraers said by sersonal cnecK allow 1-2
weens ail atners sniODed m 24 nours. No

coo.

To order call 24 hours a cay or write

COLOR Connection Software

1060 Budalea Drive. Sandy, Utan 84070

(801) S71-5023

For information:

Sal L -.veeKaavs oetween 6.20 cm ana iQ Dm MST

BUILDING JANUARYS RA INBOW

Getting Started Special . . .
New Beginnings Edition . . .
And No End In Sight . . .

Welcome to our Beginner's Issue! If you've just purchased a Color
Computer, received one for Christmas, or just discovered the Rain-
how, 1 think you'll enjoy this beginner's special. And. if you're one of
our regulars, it's an odds-on bet that you'll find something special, too.

You sec. in the CoCo Community, we're all beginners of one type or another.
Most of us, no matter how long we've been around — and nobody's been around
very long in this field - still gel a kick out of a short program listing that does
something novel. And. regardless of what level of competence we have achieved
in personal computing, we all are beginners at something.

Even if you know BASIC as well as the Rainbow's BASIC Guru, Dick White.
you'll still learn a trick or two in his "Welcome To BASIC" piece this month.
Maybe you know bask; but are beginning M, L. Many of you have been asking
for articles similar to those by Contributing Editor Dennis Lewandowski and
Technical Editor Dan Downard to get started in assembly language.

If you're an M/Lwhiz, how much do you know about the new OS-9? Does the
new four-volume documentation for OS-9 looks formidable: Dale Puckett
serves up OS-9 in byte-sized chunks.

Game Master Bob Albrecht, has set aside this month to talk about cassette
files, offering the sage advice: "You can't record on leader." Hey, somebody 's got
to tell you the first time. And Dragon Master Bill Nolan has called time out to
introduce newcomers to the world of fantasy role playing and to announce a
contest.

So you're an old hand at memory upgrades. Well, Tony DiSlefano, takes a
look at upgrading the CoCo 2 — and who isn'l a beginner at that?

If your own beginning centers around the MC-IO mini-micro, old hand H.
Allen Curtis follows up Bob Russell's CoCo memory map this month with an
MC-10 memory map,

A word here about the other side of the Rainbow. If you Ye just getting to
know us. let me remind you about our Rainbow On Tape. The Rainbow is
simply too big for you to type in all the program listings we have, so you may
want to try our tape cassette "magazine" which has all the longer listings that
appear in the Rainbow each month. They're ready to load in and run — saving
you hours of typing and debugging and you may want to begin this service
right now, because the price is going up. Check our tear-out reply card for
details.

So, whatever you're beginning, there is something for you in this issue of the
Rainbow. And, if you've jus t discovered the Rainbow, there may still be time to
begin a subscription before the new rales begin on January I. Join us. won't you,
as we work to make every month of 1984 one of new beginnings.

—Jim Reed

the RAINBOW January 19S4

Computerware® Hit Parade.

Poor Jr must overcome four
screens to rescue The King from
Luigi. Traverse the jungle &
swamp, climb vines, avoid vine
gators, dodge Zuzu birds, open
locks, Sl conquer Luigi's hideout.

32K C$28.95

32KDS3T.95

Use speed, skill,. & concentration to
race your car over the track, dodge
competitors, & beat the clock. Taste
the road dust, smell burning
rubber, feel the press of speed on
your chest I
32K C $21.95 32K D $24.95

Colorbowl
Football cM

Big league graph icsl Two players
against each other or one can prac-
tice offense against the computer.
7 defensive & 8 offensive plays
plus many formations.

32KCS 26.95 32KD $29.95

This menu driven symbolic 6809
disassembler produces symbolic
source code that can be assembled.
Automatic equate generation. FCC,
FCB, & FDB generation. Written In
position independent code, it is
relocatable to any memory area.
User defined symbotllabel area.
Produces files with or without line
numbers. Can symbolize alt extend-
ed addresses if desired. Written in
assembly language for extreme
speed. Disassemble to disk or
cassette, printer, or screen.

16KC $34.95

I6KO $39.95

A serious health aid for biofeed-
back training & a fun family game
for "truth detection"! Real silver
velcro finger grips attach to the
detector box that plugs into the
joystick slot. Now watch & listen to
the galvanic skin response being
graphed on the screen An impres-
sive experience for a friend who
asks "what does your computer
do?" All hardware, Bio Feedback
program S Anxiety Attack game
included. (Results not admissable in
courtl] |Req. 1 6K)

134.95

From the cockpit of your ship, see
the real 3-D field of hyper space.
Dodge oncoming space debris &
destroy attackers as they whiz past.
A new dimension in space gamesl

32KCS26.9S 32K D (29.95

lexl Fl

Comprehensive & flexible data
base manager. Collect up to 35
fields with up to 240 characters
per record using your own names &
format. With logical operators
select any subset of records using up
to 36 different criteria. Sort all or
any subset of records in ascending
or descending order on any of the
35 fields, with a fast assembly
language sort. Design customized
labels & reports with automatic
page numbers, page headings, &
totals of numeric fields.
32K □ S 64.95

Travel through different time
zones, fending off attacking craft
from each period with a full 360
degree firing range. See blimps,
helicopters, & all kinds of space
vehicles.

32K C$26.95

3ZKD $29.95

He jumps across pyramids of
brightly colored cubes, dodges
springs & bad eggs, using elevator
squares, & gaining points as he
clears the cubes towards the next
screen.

Your landing craft rolls over the
surface with its tractors, hops over
craters & rocks, & phasers attacking
aliens to get to home base. Super
graphics & soundl
32K C$24.96 3ZKD $27.95

Color Basic
Compiler

For programmers who want the
speed of assembly language & the
ease of BASIC. 48 commands &
functions, most a subset of Ex-
tended BASIC. Generates position
independent code so a compiled
program can reside anywhere in
memory. When the compiler con-
verts your BASIC program into
machine language, it will run an
average of 40 times fasterl

32K D $39.95

32KC $26.95

32KDS29.9S

Program

Authors who want
to turn software
into cash & see their
work on 6H09 com-
puters all over the
world should apply
for our attractive
Authorship
Program I

Add shipping of $2 surface or $!
air/Canada. Visa & MasterCard accepted.
Deafer Inquiries Invited. Computerware
Is a trademark of Computerware® .

COMPUTERWARE

P.O. Box 66S

En cm it as, CA 92024

(619) 436-3512

RAINBOWfest
Report

Tom Nelson of Softlaw listens to a buyer
sporting a RAINBOWfest hat.

Surely the nicest thing about RAIN-
BOWfest is the people. For the
first of the Rainbow's regional
shows this year, they came from as close
as Fort Worth itself and as far away as
Canada and California — all looking to
sample a big helping of "CoCo Com-
munity" at the Hyatt-Regency Fort
Worth.

The city's mayor was there to present
publisher Lonnie Falk with a proclama-
tion that it was. indeed, "Color Compu-
ter Weekend" in Fort Worth, "a div-
ision of Tandy Corp." CoCo celebrities
abounded and thousands of users spent
up to three days viewing exhibits, at-
tending seminars and meeting all those
people who were just names on maga-
zine pages or voices on the telephone.

Vern Epps, who came all the way from Canada to Texas to attend RAINBOWfest, slops
by the Radio Shack booth to ask some questions about OS-9.

HmJH

tf&g

Dennis Lewandowski listens to a question
from a RAINBOWfest attendee.

Dave Lagerquist of Chromasette and Sil-
verware explains his tape magazine to a
receptive audience.

No one can ever say there isn't a lot of
variety at RAINBOWfest, as the Endicott
Software booth attests.

the RAINBOW January 1964

Although attendance wasn't as large
as the first RAINBOWfest in Chicago
last spring {4,100 compared to better
than 10,000), the CoCo world was out in
force and everyone had a grand time.
The smaller crowds made it easier for
everyone to get additional information
about products and programs on display.

Talk of the show was OS-9, Radio
Shack's new multi-user, multi-tasking
operating system. In fact, Tandy sold
every single copy of OS-9 that was to be
found in the Fort Worth area and
orders were taken by both Radio Shack
and Jack Torres of Computer Plus for
many, many more.

New games from a number of vendors,
new utilities from others and some
spiff y new business programs dominated
interest. And, for many, it was a first

chance to see products they had been
considering. Some early Christmas shop-
ping was very much in order.

The seminar sessions were a big hit.
Frank Hogg ventured out of his labora-
tory and attracted a h ring-ex tra -chairs-
from-down-the-hall, standing-room-on-
ly crowd to his talk on advanced operat-
ing systems. Steve Blyn waded ashore
from Computer Island to talk about
educational programming and was the
object of turn-about that would have
made any kid's heart glad: Signing
attendance notes for teachers to take
back to school with them.

Yes, the graphics master, Don Inman.
was on the program, too, as were pro-
gram authors John Gahbard (Keys to
the Wizard and Android Attack) and
Tim Purves (Fury) of Spectral Asso-

Frank Brandon oi Brantex set up his own "Texas Store" to explain his new business
program packages.

»<d

A#fe '«;,

•*->!

*3>

Who else but Bob Rosen of Spectrum
Projects would have one of those power
microphones that also plays more than
100 ear-shattering tunes? And who else
but Rainbow's Jim Reed would try to
play them all? Would Bob {Captain
Eighty) Liddil lose all his magic powers
if he took off his trusty leather hat?
Where else could you get 64 K chips for
S39.95 and have them installed while-
you-wait? Or log on to CompuServe for
free as Sandy Trevor and Bill Louden
watched?

The game was the thing at the Computer
Shack booth.

nwi

W* Ws

pBSii

■

^S ntr

i I Ml

B -
■ ~

w ±~-

Mike Anderson of Pyramid edits copy
while Armadillo Software's Jerry Alexander
explains his monitor program.

Games and utilities were a big hit at the
show.

Jack Torres ol Computer Plus demon-
strates a printer to a group ol buyers.

Ron Krebs of Mark Data Products explains
his new graphic Adventure games.

January 1984 the RAINBOW 19

BLACKJACKPRO

SKILLWARE

Radio Shack's Mark Yamagata is awarded a plaque by Rainbow publisher Lonnie Falk
lor being keynote speaker at the CoCo Community Breakfast Saturday.

ciates and Computer Shack.

Frank Brandon and Dennis Mitchell
of Brandtex were there to talk about
business systems; Dungeon Master Bill
Nolan of Prickly-Pear was on hand;
Tom Nelson ofSoftlawand Andy Lar-
son of Follett Library Book Company
were also part of the learning sessions.

But best of all, RAlNBOWfest goers
were able to learn something about eve-
ryone. For instance, Tom Nelson has a
master's degree in Chinese — no wonder
he's so good at writing documentation
for brother Dan's machine language
programs.

You may know that Andy Larson
was instrumental in getting Learning
Company software for the Co Co, bul
were you aware that he designed and
built his own house (as did Sue and Paul
Searby of Computerware) and that he
likes to hang by his feet in the hallway
for relaxation?

Yes. Contrary to what you might
think, everyone in the CoCo world
doesn't spend all his time in front of a
monitor screen. On the other hand,
there's Steve Bjork. On a side trip to
Billy Bob's, billed as the world's largest
honky tonk, Steve was seen pouring
quarters into an arcade game while
most everyone else was whooping it up
to Tanya Tucker.

Speaking of trips, the tour of the
CoCo plant — the first time an outside
group has ever been allowed into Tan-
dy's manufacturing facilities — was voted
by all as a major highlight of the week-
end. And, when RAlNBOWfest goers
were not computer-watching, they were
people-watching.

Playing a Tom Mix Software game was
one of the highlights of the show.

At RAlNBOWfest, you didn't need Bob
Hope to say "Thanks For The Memories. "

Spectral Associates' Cindy Shacklelord
explains how FLEX-DOS works to a
RAINBOWfest-goer.

theHAINBOW January 1981

As in Chicago, the "CoCo Commun-
ity Breakfast" was a sellout, this time to
hear Radio Shack's new director of
computer merchandising for personal
computer products, Mark Yamagata,
give some excellent insight into the
future of Tandy marketing and advertis-
ing efforts. In fact, Tandy-ites were out
in force. Microcomputer News editor
Bruce Elliott even won a door prize.

RAlNBOWfest in Tandy town. Down
the street from One Tandy Center and a
short bus ride from Kenji Nishikawa's
plant tour. Ed Juge, director of compu-
ter merchandising for business products,
joined us for breakfast as did Barry
Thompson, CoCo Line Manager; Bill
Walters, who manages the Model 100
products; Roy Irvine, who handles all
the peripherals; Phil Kitchens, who is in
charge of third party support and Bill
Gattis, VP in charge of the Education
Division. A whole host of others, from
publicity, advertising, technical support,
software buying and quality control
were in attendance, too.

John Ross brought The Answer and
Ron and Don Garrett added an Interna-
tional (Color Computer Club) flavor.

John and Linda Nielson had M OR Eton
business programs while John Waclo of
Elite Software. Joe Bennett of JARB,
Cindy Shackleford of Spectral and Bill
Ginn of Computer House added to the
fun. We were pleased to welcome some
other magazines as exhibitors, too. The
Wayne Green (Hot CoCo) crowd was
there as was the Tennessee Gentleman,
Larry Williams of 68 Micro Journal and
Color Micro Journal.

Others brought others. Dennis Lew-
andowski brought his father while Rosic
stayed home. But Giesel Mix, Sara
Nolan, Margaret Preble and Mona
Krebs brought their husbands Tom,
Bill, Larry and Ron.

Yes, most of all it was fun. And. while
there were fewer people at Fort Worth
than had been at Chicago, we expect
that the concept of Regional RAIN-
BOW fests might have had something to
do with that. We'll sec you all and
many of you again in Long Beach,
Calif., February 17-19; New Brunswick,
N.J., March 30-April I; and Chicago
June 22-24!

A good time was had by all. And
more good times arc coming!

Andy Larson of Follett Library Book Company talks about educational software at one ol
the seminar sessions.

CompuServe's Sandy Trevor direct con-
nects with a user.

Ed Juge of Radio Shack and Frank Hogg
share some thoughts at the CoCo Com-
munity Breakfast.

VDOS attracts a crowd at Dr. Larry Preble's booth.

Just about everyone had a good time at
RAlNBOWfest.

January 1984 the RAINBOW 21

Cookies and CoCo

The Tandy Home Computers Tour

By Jim Reed

Rainbow Managing Editor

As we began the descent into the
Dallas-Fort Worth airport. I
hoped the night was on schedule
and that the airport limo wouldn't be
late — otherwise. I might miss the bus.
And. I didn't want to miss this bus; 1
might not get another chance if I didn't
go early to beat the crowd.

I was making a pilgrimage of sorts; 1
was bound and determined — bound for
the source and determined to see this
Adventure through.

The Fort Worth RAINBOWfest pro-
vided a unique opportunity in that
Tandy arranged a special open house at
Tandy Home Computers just for the
occasion. This I wanted to see!

No. they weren't handing out free
chips, but Tandy did provide coffee,
cola and cookies as busload after bus-
load arrived at CoCo's birthplace to see
the facility. All day Friday and Satur-
day, groups left the Hyatt Regency,
downtown, at 45-minute intervals for
the short ride out to Northway Drive
where CoCos were being produced at
the rate of one every five seconds.

Texas hospitality was at its finest as

the management staff at Tandy Home
Computers laid out the red carpet to
RAINBOWfest attendees. Kenji Nishi-
kawa, the general manager, greeted us
in the cafeteria and even came along as
we broke into smaller groups and toured
the plant. Afterwards, he and other top
management people were on hand to
answer our questions.

The tour itself lasted perhaps 30
minutes — which, like Baby Bear's por-
ridge, was "just right" and took us
step by step from incoming Quality
Control assembly to shipping.

With the predominance of white —
white walls, white packing and white
CoCos — along with much stainless steel
and conveyor belts throughout the facil-
ity, il fell a bit like touring a big dough-
nut bakery.

The main manufacturing area, which
consists of sub-assembly to final assem-
bly. Quality Control, Quality Assur-
ance, and on to shipping, is a remarka-
bly quiet place, considering all the activ-
ity going on. The pace is an unhurried,
but steady beat.

Our tour guides told us that the

General Manager Kenji Nishikawa took
a very active role in the tour.

printed circuit boards are auto-stuffed
at Tandy Instruments, a sister division,
and then delivered to any of three
carousel lines. Workers on these three
lines stuff all components in the P. C.
board capacitors, sockets, I. C.'s, etc.,
prior to wave soldering.

According to Tandy, the One Piece
Insertion Assembly Technique is uni-
que to the United States. It surprised
many of us to observe that each assem-
bler only handles one part to stuff on
each board until all boards are stuffed
and complete one cycle, whereupon the
assemblers then start on the next com-
ponent. Much more hand work than
you might have anticipated.

After all components are inserted by
the stuffing department, each logic board
is fed into the wave solder machine.

THC's employees on the assembly
Sine, There are 600 employees.

Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

Amazingly, 1.7 million transistors function at first power up

First, the board passes across the flux in
order to prepare for better solder activa-
tion, then the machine solders eveylhing
in one, 700-degree pass. Radio Shack's '
CoCo operation solders at a rale of
5,000 logic boards daily.

After soldering, the board is put
through a water base washing process to
remove the flux. Interestingly, a com-
mercial dishwasher has been modified
specifically for board washing. The
boards are then air dried and sent to the
lead trim process where blades operat-
ing at speeds of 4,000 R PM add a finish-
ing touch by clipping off any excess
wire.

Alter clock frequency adjustment,
the first diagnostic test station is Func-
tional Test, In this stage, the logic board
first comes to life and is treated as an
independent computer by using its own
memory to store diagnostic software —
then CoCo diagnoses itself!

Amazingly, 1.7 million transistors
function at the first power up. Some 20
functions are tested and, provided CoCo
passes, it's then on to burn-in.

In a brief visit to the burn-in depart-
ment, we learned that this is probably
the most important step in maintaining
the highest reliability of the product.
This process is to weed out all "infant
mortality" of the semi-conductor in the
integrated circuit. Even though all of
Tandy's semi-conductor suppliers have
a similar piece by piece burn-in process
in their manufacturing, the CoCo plant
repeats the process at the computer
manufacturing level.

AH sub-assembled, functionally tested
P.C. boards are loaded into one of 10
oven chambers forpre-burn-in and then
the actual burn-in. During burn-in,
boards are kept at both high and low
temperatures for 20 hours. After com-
pletion of burn-in, every logic board is

In Quality Assurance, work is audited on a random sample basis and measured
against Radio Shack acceptance criteria.

Photos by Bill Kneer and Phil Wolfe, courtesy of Tandy Corporation.

carefully diagnosed while still heated.
We were told that statistics indicate an
expected life span of 1 1 years for the
semi-conductors after these conditions
in bum-in.

In final assembly, workers combine
the logic board, keyboard and power
supply and place them inside the case.
At this point, each unit is carefully
tested for die lee trie leakage.

In Quality Control, we are told that
the management philosophy is "Do it
right the first time," that is, quality can-
not be added in Quality Control, but
must be installed in the production pro-
cess. By the time each CoCo reaches this
point, it has gone through diagnostic/-
funct tonal tests 13 times and has passed
25 detailed inspection gates. But there's
more.

Prior to packing and shipping, the
Quality Assurance department audits
on a random sample basis and measures
against the Radio Shack acceptance
criteria. Because of these many check-
points, the return ratio of defective units
from the field is said to be negligible.

Our last tour stop, naturally enough,
was packing and shipping. Packing up
Color Computers at a rate of 12 per
minute, this department loads the fin-
ished product into empty trailers for
distribution to Radio Shack warehouses
in the U.S.. Canada and overseas.

The Tandy Home Computers tour: a
RAINBOWfest highlight for all of us
who attended, a chance to see what goes
inside the Color Computer without even
voiding the warranty — a peek and poke
Adventure in real time, and real life..-,.

January 1984 the RAINBOW 23

GRAPHICS

16K
ECB

RAINSOW

Genius

\At

David C. Wilson

•WORK 7

I sup pose that all of us have wondered what goes on in
an artist's mind when he ercates a pieee ol modern art.
Well, I've found out how they do it. They all own a
Color Computer and use this little program.

The program generates random lines, boxes, triangles,
and circles or elipses. Sometimes they are painted and some-
times not. Each time the program is started (after the first
few seconds) it generates a new work of (whew!) art. Also,
the music will make a few music masters roll over in their
graves.

But, it's fun to watch, and it made my kids giggle a bit
listening to it. So sit back, relax, and enjoy a little of what
goes on in the mind of a genius.

The listing:

10 PCLEAR8

20 PCLS

30 G=255:H=191

40 A=RND(G) :B=RND(G>:C=RND(B):D=

RND<H> :E=RND(H> :F=RND(H>

50 L=RND<1> :CO=RND(B> :CL=RND<8) : s

COL=RND (8) : P=RND (4>

60 PMODEP,L: SCREEN 1, CD

(David Wilson is a sheet metal worker and computer
hobbyist in Louisville, Ky. He is very interested in
computers in education.)

70 COLORCO,CL

80 LINE(A,D)-(B,F) ,PSET,B

90 SOUNDA, 1

100 colorcl,co

110 line(c j f>-(a,d>,pset:line-(b

,e>,pset:line-<c,f> ,pset

120 IFP=2THEN230
SOUNDB, 1

A=RND ( A > : D=RND < D >
CIRCLE (A, E> , D, COL, CO/3
IFP>OTHENPAINT <A, E> , P+l , CDL
SOUNDC, 1
IFP=1THEN200
I FP=3THEN200ELSE220
LINE(B,F>-(C,D> ,PSET,BF:60T0

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

270

210

220

230

240

250

260

EXT

270

280 B0T030

GOT0260

SOUNDD, 1

LINE(B,F>-<C,D) ,PSET

SOUNDE, 1

PCOPY (COL) TO (CD

G0T030

F0RG=1T0(A>STEP20:S0UNDG,1:

G0T02B0

FORG= < C > TO 1 STEP-20 : SOUNDG , 1

SHAMROCK SQR"

TWARE PRESENTS

■"-—-■ ■■ -

WORD SEARCH PUZZLE MAKER

WITH DEFINITIONS - Enter a word and

its definition. The puzz

le contains the words, but on!

y prints

out tha definition. In order to solve tha puzz la, tha

correct

words for tha defi nit ions given must be datarminad.

•9.95

VOLUME WORKSHEET MAKER -

Prints out worksheets containing

problems in changing from ona volume measurement to a

different

volume measurement and/or finding the volume of common geometric

sol ids.

♦9.93

m EXT. COLOR BASIC 6 PRINTER REQUIRED -

OTHER WORKSHEET MAKERS AVAILABLE - OHIO RES. ADD 3.5X SALES TAX

SHAMROCK SOFTWARE 4382 MORTON ROAD

RADNOR, OHIO 43046 614-494-2277

Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

Have you heard about our new

EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE
LICENSE PLAN

for
public and private schools?

Max Jerman

The complete set of quality instructional software that was formerly avail-
able only at retail prices is now available to schools at less than 5% of its current
retail price.

This award-winning software is either now or soon will be running on Apple,
Atari, Commodore 64, IBM-PC, TRS-80, and TRS-80 Color Computers.

Over 250 disks containing more than 1200 lessons for grades K-9 in reading,
spelling, language arts, math, problem solving, math games, reading games, and
programs for young learners are included in the plan.

THE PLAN ^Schools join together to form a cost-saving consortium of 50 or
more members. One school or eductional agency acts as Host. The Host will
receive a master set of program disks and manuals. The consortium will be
licensed to make as many copies of the masters as member schools need for their
various computers.

THE BENEFI I S ^Consortium schools will automatically receive updates
and new program releases at no increase in membership fee. There will be no
shortage of quality software for the most popular computers.

I HE COST— Only $250 per school per year. There is an additional start-up
cost of $250 per school to cover initial expenses. Licenses for specific computers
are available to large consortia or states at reduced cost.

ACT NOW ^™ Form your own consor-
tium and contact us. Contact us directly for
the names of interested schools in your area.

BERTAMAX INC.

Max Jerman, Ph.D.
President

BERTAMAX INC.

At Last — A Software Solution

GAME

HI There! I'm Vow

Friendly Acey

Deucey Dealer

By Barry R. Furman

Acey Deucey is a card game 1 programmed for the I6K
Color Computer without Extended basic. It uses the SET,
CHR$, and SOUND commands generously.

A unique part of the game is the talking Acey Deucey
dealer. The starting graphics showing the dealer is right
from Radio Shack's "Getting Started With Color BASIC."
(Remember, "Talking Teacher" 1 .)

Since the dealer talks, it's necessary for you to record his
repertoire on the tape immediately following the CSA VE.

First, CSAVE "ACEYDUCY."

Next, place a microphone in the recorder's MIC recepta-
cle (or use condenser mike if included).

Third, type MOTORON and press [ENTER].

Immediately, narrate the following to be recorded on the
tape:

HI, THERE! I'M YOUR FRIENDLY ACEY DEUCEY
1)1 Al I R\ ACEY DEUCEY IS PLAYED IN THE FOL-
LOWING MANNER ... I WILL DEAL TWO CARDS
FACE UP. YOU HAVE THE OPTION TO BET OR NOT
10 BET, DEPENDING ON WHETHER OR NOl YOU
FEEL THE NEXT CARD WILL HAVE A VALUE
BETWEEN THE FIRST TWO CARDS. IF YOU DONT
WANT TO BET. JUST INPUT A ZERO WHY DONT
YOU PRESS THE LETTER 'C FOR THICKEN' TO
HEAR THE NOiSE YOU'RE GOING TO HEAR , . .

(FIVE SECOND PAUSE)

NOW. IF YOU'RE GOING TO WIN THE ROUND. AND
I CERTAINLY DOUBT IT. YOU'LL HEAR TH IS NOISE
, . . PRESS W' FOR 'WIN'. . .

(Barry Furman is a banking assistant vice president
who writes programs on his CoCo as a hobby. He
plans to start his own software business.)

(FIVE-SECOND PAUSE)

IF YOU LOSE, AND I CERTAINLY HOPE YOU DO.
YOU'LL HEAR THIS NOISE . . , JUST PRESS 'L" FOR
'LOSE' . . .

(FIVE SECOND PAUSE)

OKAY. NOW WE'RE READY TO PLAY THE GAME.
CHECK HOW MUCH MONEY YOU HAVE IN YOUR
WALLET OR PURSE, AND PLUG IT IN. JUST PRESS
'R' TO BEGIN AND ENTER THE AMOUNT . . .

(THREE-SECOND PAUSE)

SO, YOU WANTTO PLAY ANOTHER GAME AAINST
ME. HUH? OK. YOU KNOW WHAT TO DO. JUST
PRESS 'B' IX) BEGIN AND ENTER HOW MUCH
MONEY YOU WANTTO START WITH.

(THREE-SECOND PAUSE)

SO. YOU LOST AGAIN. HUH? . . . AMD YOU STILL
WANTTO PLAY A THIRD GAME! WELL, OK. JUST
PRESS 'B* AND THE AMOUNT OF MONEY YOU
WANT TO PLAY WITH.

(THREE SECOND PAUSE)

HEY. VVr BEATEN YOU THREE TIMES ALREADY!
DO YOU STILL WANT TO PLAY'.' WELL. IF YOU DO,
JUST PRESS 'B' AND THEN ENTER THE AMOUNT
OF MONEY YOU WANTTO PLAY WITH.

(THREE SFCOND PAUSE)

NOW LOOK. I'M GETTING TIRED! THIS IS THE
LASTGAME I'M GOINGTO PROMPTYOU ON. . . SO
PRESS 'B* AND THE AMOUNT OF MONEY, BUT I'M
WARNING YOU . . . NEXT TIME IF YOU WANT TO
PLAY. YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE A SILENT PART-
NER. JUST KEEP REMEMBERING TO PRESS 'B.'

the RAINBOW January 1984

16 K

D jaliii 1
HAINBOW
-I" ^

When finished, rewind the tape and CLOA D the program.
The Acey Deucey dealer appears, and the tape recorder
plays back his voice. It is imperative that you keep the
casssette recorder's [PLA Y] key depressed throughout the
game. After giving you instructions, the dealer asks you to
press "B" to begin and enter your amount of money.

The screen changes to the card [able showing three cards
face down and your pack of money (with its value). The
screen says: "Here's the shuffle," and then you'll hear a
card-shuffling sound. Two of the three cards "turn over" to
show their faces. The suits of these cards will always be club
and spade, but the number values change, (in Color basic
graphics, it was not possible to make red suits on the buff
(white) card face without introducing black in the design.
This is because a single quarter of a SET mark cannot be
independently lit.)

The card values are determined randomly, but for simpli-
city, 1 designed it so the first card would always have the
lower value of the two, and the two cards would not have the
same value, or succeeding values. In a game using actual
cards, this would not be the case.

The idea of the game is to bet (whatever amount you
want) that the value of the still unturned card falls between
the two cards showing. (You may bet up to the value qf your
current pack of "dough".)

The third card now turns over, showing its face value. The
screen also indicates whether you won, lost, bet zero
("chicken!"), bet too much, or lost all your money. Accom-
panying this will be an appropriate sound. The value of your
pack of money is updated accordingly.

If you lose your money, and answer "Y" to the "Play
again?" prompt, you'll again be facing the dealer who will
have another conversation with you.

The dealer is drawn in Lines 80-390. The POKE65495.0
in Line 70 is used to speed up the graphics and accompany-
ing sound. If your computer won't accept ttiis poke, delete
that line.

The body of the program (Lines 400-1710) concern the
choosing of random numbers, and printing of text on the
screen.

The card backs are drawn in Lines 1800-2130. They are
turned over in Lines 2140-2410, The third (dealer's) card is
turned over in Lines 2420-2770.

Anyone who wishes a copy of this program on tape may
send S5 to Barry Furman, 21 Sunset Lane, Levittown, N.Y.
1 1756. I'll also include an enhanced version of Radio
Shack's Blackjack program listed in "Getting Started With
Color BASIC"

The listing:

10 'acey ducy

20 'BY BARRY FURMAN

30 '21 SUNSET LANE

40 'LEVITTOWN, N.Y. 11756

50 'TEL: (516) 796-5040

60 '

70 P0KE65495,0

80 clso:n=ioo:a=o:b=o;c=o:d=o:e=
0: G=o: H=0: 1=0: J=0: K=0: L=0: M=0: 0*
o: P-o: D-o: R=o: s-o: T=o: U=0: v=o: w-
o:x=o:Y=o:z=o

90 F0RH=16TQ47

100 FDRV=4T023

110 SET(H,V,2>

120 NEXTV,H

130 FDRH=0T063STEP4

140 FORV=24T031

150 SET(H,V,B>:SET(H+1,V,8>

160 SET(H+2,V,7) : SET (H+3, V, 7>

170 NEXTV,H

ISO F0RH=26TD35

190 F0RV=16TD21

200 SET(H,V,4>

210 NEXTV,H

220 FQRV=10TD11

230 SET (24, V, 3): SET (25, V, 3)

240 SET(36,V,3> :SET(37,V,3>

250 NEXTV

260 PRINT@5, "THE ACEY-DUCEY DEAL

ER";

270 IFF>4THENPRINT@304, "REMEMBER

. ..";:PRINTe338., " PRESS *B* ";

280 IFF>4THEN300

290 MOTORON: AUDI DON

300 0*=INKEY*

310 I FD*= " W " THENMOTOROFF : 60SUB26

320 I F0*= " L " THENMOTOROFF : Q0SUB27

330 I F0*= " C " THENMOTOROFF : OOSUB27

340 IFO*="B"THENMOTOROFF

350 IF0*="B"THENF=F+1

360 IF0*=""THEN400

370 IF0*="B"THENPRINT@48O, "HOW M

UCH MONEY DO YOU HAVE" ; : INPUTQ

380 I FQ >OTHENMOTOROFF : BOT0430

390 I FO* = " B " ANDQ=0THENMOTDROFF : G

0T0430

400 RESET (30, 18) : RESET (30, 19>

410 IFRND(4>=4THENSET(24,10,2):S

ET(37,10,2)

420 GOTO 180

430 N=100

January 1984 the RAINBOW 27

440 CLSO

450 IFGNOTHENQ-100

460 K=K+1 : IFK< >1THEN540

470 PRINTfl224,"Y0U ARE STARTING

WITH"Q"BUCKS" ; : G0T0590

480 F0RX=64TD95

490 PRINTeX,CHR*(128);

500 NEXTX

510 FORX=64T095

520 PRINTSX.CHR*(128)S

530 NEXTX

540 F0RX=64T095:PRINT@X,CHR*<128

);:NEXTX:PRINT@68, "YOU NOW HAVE"

Q" DOLLARS.";

550 PR I NT@459 ,"*";: PR I NTS460 , Q ;

560 F0RX=1T01100

570 NEXTX

580 IFKO1THEN610

590 FOR J = 1 TO 900

600 NEXT J

610 GOT0660

620 Q=GM-M

630 G0T0460

640 Q=Q-M

650 G0T0460

660 L=L+i: IFL>1THENN*=' , NEXT"ELSE

N4= " F I RST " : GOSUB 1 690

670 IFL>1THENPRINT©16,"NEXT TWO

CARDS:";

680 A=RND<13>

690 B=RNDU3>

700 IF A >=> B THEN 680

7i0 IFB-A=1THEN680

720 G0T0740

730 G0T064O

740 RESTORE

750 DATA1,A,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,

7,7,8,3,9,9, 10,10,11, J, 12,Q,13,K

,14

760 READG:IF6=14THEN800

770 READC*

780 IF A = 6 THEN L* - C*

790 G0T0760

800 RESTORE

BIO READ G:IFG=14THEN8SO

820 READC*

830 IF G = B THEN V* - C*

840 GOTOS10

850 GOSUB 1 BOO

860 G0T0870

870 PRINT@288, "WHAT IS YOUR BET"

5 : INPUTM

8B0 FORX=310T0319

890 PRINT@X,CHR*U28>;

900 NEXTX

910 IFMO0THEN1010

920 PRINT&437, "CHICKEN!! i ";

930 S0UND2 1,8: SOUND 16,18

940 F0RX=28BT0319

950 PRINT@X,CHR*<128>;

960 NEXTX

970 F0RX=437T0447

980 PRINTfiX , CHR* < 128) ;

990 NEXTX

lOOO G0T0660

1010 IF M <= Q THEN 1140

1020 T=339:PRINT@T,"30RRY BUT YO

U"; :PRINT@T+32, "BET TOO MUCH " ;

1030 PRINT@T+64,"YOU HAVE ONLY";

: PR I NT@T+96,Q" DOLLARS "; :PRINT@T

+131, "TO BET. "J

1040 PR1NTST+161," BET AGAIN "I

1050 F0RD=1T01750

1060 NEXTD

1070 FDRX=299T0319

1080 PRINTSX,CHR*<128);:NEXTX

1090 F0R6=39T063

1100 F0RJ=18T031

1110 RESET (G, J)

1120 NEXTJ,G

1130 80T0B60

1140 C=RND(13)

1150 RESTORE

1160 READS

1170 IFG-14THEN960

1180 READC*

1190 IF G = C THEN D* = C*

1200 G0SUB2420

1210 GOT01220

1220 IF C > A THEN 1240

1230 G0TO1410

1240 IF C >= B THEN 1410

1250 F0RY=1T08

1260 PRINT@405,"Y0U WIN!!!";

1270 S0UND225,5

1280 PRINT@405, CHR* (128);: PRINTS

406 , CHR* ( 1 28 > ; : PR I NTS407 , CHR* ( 1 2

8> ; :PRINT@408, CHR* (128) ; : PRINT@4

09, CHR* < 128) ; : PRINT@410, CHR* (128

) ; : PRINTS41 1,CHR* < 128) ; : PRINT@41

2, CHR* (128) ;

1290 PRINT@413, CHR* (128);: PRINT©

414,CHR*(128);

1300 NEXTY

1310 F0RP=3O0TO319

1320 PRINT@P,CHR*(128);

1330 NEXTP

1340 F0R2=2B8T0319

1350 PRINTSZ,CHR*(128) ;

1360 NEXTZ

1370 F0RX=4O5TO415

1380 PRINT@X,CHR*(128) ;

1390 NEXTX

1400 60T0620

1410 PRINT@438, "SORRY, ";:PRINT@4

69, "YOU LOSE!";

1420 S0UND13,17

1430 FORX=1T01010

1440 NEXTX

1450 F0RY=2SST0319

the RAINBOW January 1984

JANUARY SUPER SPECIALS

64K BAMS 44.95

W/PURCHASE OF TELEWRITER OR ANY VIP PROGRAMS 39.95

HAYS SMARTMODEM 235.00

SMARTODEM W/V1P TERMINAL DISK OR ROM 275.00

LCA 47 LOWER CASE ADAPTER 59.95

GAMES ARE 20% OFF

TOM MIX

BUSINESS & UTILITIES

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JOURNEY TO MT. DOOM

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THE KING

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JNS REVENGE

. 23.15* NA

BLOC HEAD

.21.55 NA

MOON HOPPER

, 19.95* NA

TIME PATROL

. 21.55* NA

HYPER ZONE

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SPECTRAL ASSOCIATES

LANCER

. 19.95*23.15*

WHIRLYBIRD RUN

.19.95*23.15*

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19.95*23.15*

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.19,95*23.15*

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19.95*23.15"

MS GOBBLER

. 19.95* 23.15*

COLORQUEST

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15.95 19.95*

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15.95* 19.95*

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*32K

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$29.70

GREAT VALUES!!!!!!
MICRO WORKS

TAPE DISK
MACRO BOC Disk Only NA 84.95

TOM MIX
SCREEN PRINT-EPSON 14.35
SCREEN PRINT-OKI . . 15.95

THESE SPECIAL PRICES

Good Through Jan. 15,

1984

PRICKLY PEAR

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For AMDEX Disks add 5.00

ELITE

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. 47.95 47.95

ELITE* FILE-lncluda*. Mill Margall .

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ALL THREE ELITE PROGRAMS

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VIP WRITER...

47.95 47.95

VIP CALC.

50.95 50.95

VIP DATABASE

NA 50.95

VIP TERMINAL

42.45 42.45

VIP SPELLER

NA 42.45

VIP DISK ZAP

NA 42.15

THE WHOLE LIBRARY (DISK)

250.00

THE BUSINESS LIBRARY

184.95

(Writer, Cilc, Database, Speller an DISK)

COQNITEC

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42.45 50.95

RAINBOW CONNECTION SOFTWARE
SUPER SCREEN MACHINE TAPE DISK

(Tha Best Screen Utility around) 38.20 40.75

■ ■

For Complete COCO Support call:

DAVID COFFMAN

rtUAUnUMNtl-i COMPUTER PRODUCTS

3908 E. Willow, Phoenix, AZ, 1 602-971-91 31

AVAILABILITY SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE

TO ORDER:

WE ACCEPT VISA. MASTERCARD PERSONAL CHECKS (2 WEEKS
CLEARANCE TIME PLEASE), MONEY ORDERS. AND COD INCLUDE
$2.00 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING COD IS AN ADDITIONAL
$3.00. ARIZONA HESIDENTS ADD 6% SALES TAX

24 HOUR ORDER LINE

(ORDERS ONLY PLEASE)
INQUIRIES. ARIZONA ORDERS

(602) 839-8233

1460 PRINT@Y,CHR*U28M

1470 NEXTY

1480 F0RX=438T0447

1490 PRINT@X,CHR*<12B)J

1500 PRINTSX+30, CHR* ( 128) i

1510 NEXTX

1520 IF H < Q THEN640

1530 PRINT

1540 v=307:print@v,"s0rry friend
, "; :print@v+34, "you lost"; :print

@V+65,"Y0UR DOUBH";

1550 PRINT@436,"WANT TO TRY";: PR

INTS46B, "ASAIN(Y/N> " J :PRINT@505,

""; : INPUT A*

1560 F0RX=47BT0483

1570 PRINT@X,CHR*<128);

1580 NEXTX

1590 IFA*~"Y"THEN80

1600 PRINT@484,"0.K. HOPE YOU H

AD FUN ! ! " i

1610 FQRX=508T0510

1620 PRINT@X,CHR*<128> ;

1630 NEXTX

1640 O0T01640

1650 CLSO

1660 F0RH=11T021

1670 F0RV=5T013

1680 SET<H,V,5>

1690 CLS0:PRINTe2,"HERE ARE YOUR

The

ORACLE

The Ultimate CoCo Mori

liter,

The ORACLE II is not a rehashed monitor program
adapted to the CoCo, but a state of the art monitor
designed to compliment the CoCo and its unique
abilities.

Compare some of our features:

• 64K Compatible- the ORACLE II can relocate it-
self and its monitor screen above disk basic.

• Single Stepper- a single variable speed stepper
that allows you to step both rom and ram.

• Disassembler -

• Graphics Support - allows you to Step a program
while watching any graphic screen, in any graphic
mode, and toggle between the monitor screen and
back, with one key.

• ASCII'hex search-up to a 10 byte search.

• Full screen display and editing of memory.

• Over 40 commands.

CoCo disk or tape (both versions included) $35.95

Spectral or FHL Flex version 45.95

(4 $2.00 shipping and handling)

MICRO MAGIC

P.O. BOX 142. SUMNER. WA 98390
(206) 863-8762

(24 Hours)

"N*" TWO CARDS";
1700 PRINT@28B, "NEXT CARD";
1710 , ##*BREEN PILE OF DOUBH***
1 720 PR I NT@36 1 , " YOUR DOUBH " ;
1730 F0RX=425T0434
1 740 PR I NTSX , CHR* < 1 43+80 > ;
1750 PRINT@X+32, CHR* (143+80);
1760 PRINT@X+64,CHR*<143+80);
1770 NEXTX

1 7B0 PR I NT@459 ,"*";: PR I NTS460 , Q 5
1790 RETURN

180O * ******BACK OF CARD*******
1810 F0RX=64T096
1B20 PRINT@X,CHR*(12B) ;
1830 NEXTX
1840 FORH=10T021
1850 F0RV=7T015
I860 PRINT@288,"NEXT CARD";

1B70 PRINT@69,"HERE'S THE SHUFFL

En •
• ■ > i

1880 SET(H,V,4)

1890 SET ( 10, V, 5): SET (21 ,V, 5)

1900 SET(H+32,V+1,4)

1910 ****

1920 SET(H-6,V+15,4>

1930 SET (42, V+l ,5) : SET (52, V+l , 5)

1940 0=0+1

1 950 * ***

1960 5ET(4,V+15,5):SET(14,V+15,5

)

1970 NEXTV,H

1980 PP=PP+1:IFPP>20THEN2010

1990 SOUND 190+PP, 1

2000 S0T019B0

2010 PP=0:FDRX=101T0106

2020 PRINT@X,CHR*(131+64);

203O * ***

2040 PR I NT@X +22 1 , CHR* (131 +64 > J

2050 PRINTSX+160, CHR* (140+64);

2060 ' ***

2070 PRINT@X+3Bl,CHR*U40+64>;

2080 PRINT@X+16, CHR* < 131+64) ;

2090 PR I NT@X + 176, CHR* ( 1 40+64 ) ;

2100 * ***

2110 NEXTX

2120 F0RT=1T01500

2130 NEXTT

2140 F0RH=12T021

2 ISO FDRV=6T013

2160 PRINT@65, "NOW I'LL TURN THE

CARDS OVER...";

2170 SET(H,V+2,5):SET(H+32,V+2,5

)

2180 NEXTV

2190 NEXTH

2200 F0RV=7T012

2210 SET(11,V,5)

2220 SET (21, V, 5)

2230 NEXTV

2240 PR I NTS20O , CHR* < 1 32+64 ) ;

the RAINBOW January 19S4

THE COCO WRITER
JUST GOT BETTER

New Features

Four Screen Formats

32, 51, 64 or 85 characters per line

True upper and tower case on screen

Tab settings

Printing pause for keyboard input

Menu driven formatting

Enhanced disk and tape file

management

To upgrade your old COCO WRITER
contact us,

still the best deal in word processing!
16K EXB Tape $34.95
16K EXB Disk $44.95
add $2.00 shipping & handling

MORE BUSINESS {&>

RAINBOW

THE MODERN SOLUTION «»

FOR SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING

The CoCo Writer

General Ledger

Accounts Payable

Accounts Receivable

Mailing Lists

Up to 400 Accounts Payable

Up to 400 Accounts Receivable

More than 800 General Ledger Accounts

Print Invoices

Print Profit and Loss Statements

Print Balance Sheet

130 Page manual containing

complete index and glossary.

Bookkeeping tutorial

Single disk drive R/S DOS

32K EXTENDED BASIC

$99.95

Add $2.00 shipping & handling to all orders

MORETON BAY SOFTWARE

A Division of Moreton Bay Laboratory

316 CASTILLO STREET

SANTA BARBARA.

CALIFORNIA 93101

(805) 962-3127

California Residents, Add 6% Sales Tax to Orders

buy a Tandon disk

drive for your COCO

2250
2260
2270
22B0
2290
2300
2310
2320
2330

■

«:

PRINTS 199, CHR* ( 142+64) ;

PR I NTS232 , CHR* ( 1 35+64 > ;

PRINT@215,CHR*(128) ;

PRINT@216,CHR*<12B>;

PR1NT@217, CHR* ( 133+64) ;

PRINT0248, CHR* < 135+64) ;

PRINTS 184, CHR* (140+64) 5

PR1NTS183, CHR* ( 142+64) |

PRINT@134,L*;
2340 S0UND90,2
2350 F0RJ=1T01000
2360 NEXTJ
2370 PR I NT® 1 50, V*;
2380 SOUND 110,1
2390 FDRX=1TD1600

NEXTX

RETURN

***TURN OVER DEALER'S CARD*

40 trmck fully compatible

drive Includes a single sided Tandon disk,

case mnd power supply, drive cable,
and a Radio Snack'drive controller board.

DRIVE $449. DRIVE 1 $249.

DOUBLE HEADED DRIVES

runs like two drive*

DRIVE $549 DRIVE 1 $349

&> TANDON THIN LINE

J, drive $399.

^» SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER

64K UPGRADE KIT

$62.95

C.ltoh PROWRITTER $425.

EPSON RX-80 $399.

Botek Printer adapter $69.
Use our watts line for a quote

• TM Tandy Corp

COMPUKIT

1-T 13-480-6000 order line 1-800-231-6671
16206D Hickory Knoll , Houston, Texas 77665

ordering inrarmalian

We accept Ylsa. Masleresrd. Wire Transfers, und Certllled Checks for quickest

shipping. Orders received on personal checks are held lor clearance.

2400
2410
2420
*

2430
2440
2450
2460
2470
2480
2490
2500
2510
2520
2530
2540
2550
2560
2570
2580
2590
260O
2610
2620
2630
2640
2650
2660
2670
2680
2690
2700
27 lO
2720
2730
2740
2750
2760
2770
2780
2790
2800
2810

FORX=1T01000

NEXTX

F0RH=4TG14

F0RV=23T030

5ET(H,V,5)

NEXTV,H

PRINT8420, CHR* < 128) ;

PRINTH421 , CHR* (128) ;

PR I NT@422 , CHR* < 1 33+64 ) ;

PRINT@388, CHR* < 142+64) 5

PRINT@389„ CHR* ( 140+64) ;

PRINTS453, CHR* ( 135+64) ;

RESTORE

READS

IFB=14THEN2610

READC*

IF G = C THEN D* = C*

S0T02560

F0RX=1T0300

NEXTX

PRINT@355,D*,'

RETURN

G0T02650

F0RX=1TD4

SOUND 225,5

NEXTX

RETURN

F0RX=1T08

NEXTX

SOUND 13, 17

RETURN

F0RX=1T08

NEXTX

SOUND21,8:SOUND16, 18

RETURN

' *****#**■*#*#

LINEINPUTA*

PRINT#-2, A*

A*=INKEY*: IFA*=" "THEN2S10EL

SEMOTOROFF : G0T02790

the RAINBOW January 1984

New

3 die

(Including 2 Diskettes)

idge

AMDISK YOUR
COLOR COMPUTER®

Get 31 2 Kbytes* of on-line, formatted storage capacity for your Color Computer
with the Amdisk-lll. The Amdisk-lll is a disk drive system that combines the capacity
and compatibility of 5 1 /*" floppies with the convenient size and ruggedness of the
state-of-the-art in technology — the 3" microfloppy cartridge.

Join the move to maximize your Color Computer's power and "Amdisk" it. Many
software vendors have joined, and will be providing software on Amdek's 3" car-
tridge upon request. These software suppliers are: Cognitec; Computer ware; Frank
Hogg Laboratories; The MicroWorks; Tom Mix Software: Moreton Bay Software:
Nelson Software Systems: Petrocci Freelance Associates; Prickly Pear Software;
Saguaro Software; Skyline Marketing; The Software Station; Spectrum Projects;
Star-Kits and Sugar Software.

* An additional 31 2 Kbytes may be accessed by manually flipping the media over.
'Color Computer is a registered trademark of Tandy Corporation.

You can purchase the Amdisk-lll from
any of these fine dealers:
Computerware: (6 1 9) 436-351 2
Delker Electronics: (615) 459-2636
Emerald Computer: (800) 468-4606
Saguaro Software: (602) 885-6508
Skyline Marketing: (3 1 2) 286-0762
Spectrum Projects: (212) 441-2807
The Software Station: (313) 532-2550
or ask for the Amdisk-lll at your local
computer dealer.

2201 Lively Blvd. • Elk Grove Village, II 60007
(312)364 1180 TLX:2"

REGIONAL OFFICES: Southern Calif (714) 662-3949 • Texas (817) 498 2334

Northern Calif. (408)370-9370 • Denver (303) 794 1497

The Benefits
Of Role Playing
Are No Fantasy

By Bill Nolan
Rainbow Contributing Editor

We recently returned from Rainbowfest in Ft.
Worth, Texas, and all of the computer users I
spoke with really enjoyed the show. While there, I
had the privilege of doing a seminar on the uses of a compu-
ter for fantasy gaming, and from the questions and com-
ments I received I think many fantasy game players may be
receiving criticism from several quarters concerning their
play of the game.

With that in mind, 1 would like to talk about fantasy
gaming, and particularly the benefits of fantasy gaming.
Fantasy games are role playing games. !n these games the
participants act out the roles of one or more characters in an
effort to solve various problems or mysteries. In order to
play these games properly, all of the people involved must
exercise a great deal of imagination and ingenuity, and this
increased imagination is sure to carry over into other areas
of life.

Some say that the imagination is being used to escape
from reality, and I cannot disagree with this. However, 1
would like to point out that we are escaping from our reality
every time we watch a drama or comedy on television, and
every time we sit down to read a good novel. The essence of
the writer's art is to be able to take the reader or watcher out
of themselves for a while and allow them to identify with a
different reality. When you finish your book, you can return
to your everyday reality refreshed and with a new per-
spective.

In addition to this, fantasy role playing is not a passive
activity, like reading a book or watching a television drama.
The participants are creating the story as they go along. It's
kind of like deciding you want to read a book— and then
writing one so you have one to read.

Another nice thing is the difference between fantasy role
playing games and most other games. Nearly all games
(whether they are card games like hearts, poker, and old
maid; board games like Monopoly, Clue, or Scrabble; com-
puter games like Viking! or Gangbusters; or athletic games
like tennis and football) are contests in which players com-
pete against each other. At the end of the game there will be
one person or team which wins, and one or several who lose.
The lesson of these games is clear: to get ahead you must
beat somebody else. To win you must take victory away

(Bill Nolan leaches computer science at a local college,
referees a weekly fantasy game, and operates Prickly-
Pear Software with his wife, Sara.)

from other people.

In fantasy role playing games, however, you have a group
of players working together toward a common goal. In
nearly all cases, you must help your friends to win in order to
win yourself, because, in most cases, the entire party of
players will win or lose together. The spirit of cooperation
fostered by this cannot fail to make the point that in real life
it works the same way. If we all pull together toward a
common goal, we can all win, but if we work at cross
purposes we may all lose.

Aside from these philosophical considerations, there are
many practical skills gained while playing fantasy games.
First of all, there are many complex records to be main-
tained, and this skill can be used whenever records are
needed. Second, money is always a problem in the game, as
in real life, and a player must carefully budget the limited
funds so as to coverall expenses. Also, the game will usually
involve planning for trips and other operations spanning
long periods of time, and supplies such as food must be
planned in advance. How much food will you eat in the next
month? How will you carry it? If you put it on a pack horse,
then how much will the pack horse eat? You get the idea.

The educators I have spoken with tell me that, in most
cases, the young people interested in fantasy gaming are
among the brightest and best students. They are also far
more likely to be interested in computers, and not just so
they can play Adventure in Wonderland. They really use the
electronic whiz boxes. So, the next time someone gets on
your case for wasting your time playing fantasy games, whip
out this article and lay it on 'em!

Remember our contest? Last month a contest was an-
nounced with two categories. You may remember that we
are designing a new fantasy gaming system in this column,
and the contest is to design either an original spell or an
original monster for the new game. First place in each
category will win a $50 gift certificate from Prickly-Pear
Software and a $50 gift certificate from Sahuaro Software.
Second place in each category will win a £50 gift certificate
from Prickly- Pear Software. In addition, each person sub-
mitting an entry used in the column will receive a four-color
screened Prickly-Pear dragon T-shirt worth S9.95. All
entries should be sent to Contest, c/o Bill Nolan, 9234 E.
30th Street, Tucson, Az.. 8571 0. All entries must be received
by January 20. 1984. to be eligible, and winners will be
announced in the April issue of Rainbow, All entries
become the property of Bill Nolan.

the RAINBOW January 1934

MUDPIES

by Jeff Sorenson & Philip McKenzie
THE KID IS IN TROUBLE!!! Arnold
went to see the circus, ft was great!
Full of acrobats, animals, side show
acts, and as always... CLOWNS!
The kid is surrounded by clowns, and
picking up some Mudpies he starts
throwing them at the clowns. But the
clowns get mad and start throwing
things back at Arnold! Can you help
Arnold make it to safety? As you avoid
the mad clowns, throwing mudpies at
them, you might make it to the exit . .
only to find more rooms filled with
more clowns. Will Arnold ever make it
home?

Mudpies is great, it is totally random
with many different screens, it will be
different every time you play. Guar-
anteed hours and hours of fun.
Tape 27.95 Disk 29.95

■W' : .

12740 33

■. iJn.

m~ m. ^J

'*'

I s -. — X' - — —

5# SSfiffi^.

CRT *W K.

' Si?

51 OBi*.Jl

■dfa^^^^.hAA^.isuia

WESTERN WORLD: Visit the

Lost Maverick Mine, Dead
Man's Pass, (Visit?
Escape!) Tombstone Jail,
and many more!

FANTASY WORLD: Conquer
the halls of Doom, the

Mystic Maze, the Under-
world Arena, and other
medieval places.

$mq a

* *o -iwniii *■*#«■*%»

4 O O *

[J * vl

if. b - <j>*)M -i'JBKf

sea {-

SPACE WORLD: Explore

Hyperspace, the bizarre
Light Barriers, the Insid-
ious Grid, Gam ma Station,
the Enterprise and others!

TIME BANDIT

by Bill Dunlevy

FANTASTIC ADVENTURES AND UN-
LIMITED RICHES ABOUND WHEN
ONE TRAVELS THROUGH TIME —

YOU ARE THE TIME BANDIT!

Thanks to Bill Dunlevy and Harry
Lafnear, you can transform your Color
Computer into the ultimate arcade
experience. 32K has never looked or
played better!

Tired of games that have only a few
screens or force you to follow a strict
order of levels? In TIME BANDIT, you
virtually create you own game! You
can choose from more than TWENTY
places during the entire game, and
each place has more than 15 distinct

variations and levels of difficulty this means over 300 variations in all! You can use theTIMEGATES to travel to three different Worlds of
Time, each one containing a multitude of colorful and unique adventuring areas. Visit FANTASY WORLD, WESTERN WORLD, or
SPACE WORLD, Avoid or destroy the Evil Guardians: the Watching Lurker, Angry Elmo, Killer Smurphs, and lots more! Find the keys
which remove various locks preventing your escape. But hurry Bandit— your power is dwindling and time is fleeting! This new machine
language game is so exciting, challenging, and fun that you need never leave your home to find an arcade again! Ultra crisp Super-
graphics that include colorful scrolling landscapes and full animation of a multitude of characters, amazing sound, and literally
HUNDREDS of screens - it's all here! The conquest of time and space awaits you .. .

STRONGHOLD

The war was short! Missies were launched, bombs exploded, and civilization
was almost entirely whiped out Only a handful of men remained to help
rebuild what was lost. These handful seperated into fourdifferent civilizations,
each building their own city and shielding it from the radioactive debris that fill
the atmosphere. Now the debris has threatened to break up the shielding and
destroy civilizations last remainents.

One or two player action with sound and split second graphics. Thats
STRONGHOLD, try it and you'll enjoy it!

1691 Eason • Pontiac, Michigan 48054

Info: (313] 673-8700 • Orders: CALL TOLL FREE (B00) 392-8881

Master Charge and VISA OK. Please add $3.00 for shipping in the U.S. A - $5.00 for

Canada

Dealers Inquires Invited.

For spells you should specify the
name of the spell, materials and time
needed to cast it, range, area or number
of people affected, effect of the spell,
whether saving throws are allow, and
what happens if the saving throw is
made.

For monsters we need a complete
description with a sketch if possible,
and the usual stats such as speed, size,
attack method, number of attacks, intel-
ligence, special attacks or defenses, and
the damage multiplier. As you will
recall, the damage multiplier is used to
compute damage on our new computer
combat system, and for reference a fist
is .5 and a long sword is 1 .

For both the spells and monsters, the
more detailed and original your entry,
the better your chance to win. Yes, you
can enter in both categories, and yes,
more than one entry per category is
permitted.

The program I am presenting this
month is by popular demand. Several
months ago, 1 did a column about how
to do maps of various rooms on the
screen in Hi-Res graphics, so when the
players enter a room, all you have to do
is press the correct number and the
appropriate room map is displayed on
the screen. I included a few rooms to get
you started and suggested that you
could put 99 rooms into the program
easily in a 16K machine. Well, a lot of
people thought I must have already
done this and have written asking me to
publish al!99 of my rooms, so here they
are!

The way you use the program is sim-
ple. After typing it in (or loading Rain-
bow on Tape), you can select the room
you want by typing the number. You
must always typea two digit number, so
you would type a 7 as "07." When you
type the number, the room map will
appear on the screen. The first thing you
should do is go through the program
looking at each room and drawing a
map of it with its number indicated.
Then you can create dungeons, castles,
towers, and other structures using the
rooms from the program. Simply indi-
cate on your dungeon map or key what
the program room number is, and you
will be able to call it up whenever the
players enter the room.

That way, instead of wasting valuable
game time describing a complex room,
the players will see a map right on the
TV screen. Don't limit yourself by as-
suming that north is always at the top,
either. You can simply say "north is at
the left" or whatever and use each room
in four different orientations. By com-
bining these rooms in various ways, you
can create thousands of different maps.

MichTron is our new corporate identity. Computer
Shack is being sued by Tandy. Tandy has a trade-
mark on the words "The Shack" and they say that.
Computer Shack cannot use the word Shack in its
name. The way it looks right now is that Computer
Shack simply doesn't have enough money to de-
fend itself against the Tandy Corporation, and will
have to change it's name.

Si nee ComputerShack is getting an excellent reputation forfast delivery and
excellent quality software for the Color Computer we decided to form a new
company to market Computer Shacks COCO software. MichTron is it.
Computer Shack will continue to publish software for the Model l/NI/4.

Sometimes being an independent dealer has its advantages. We look at all
the programs on the market and after talking to many people we pick the
best. We at MichTron feel the TELEWRITER 64 is the best word processor,
ELITE CALC is the best Gate sheet, and Spectrum's COLOR COM E is the
best smart terminal. Therefore this is what we carry and recommend. We
want nothing but the best for our customers

20% Discount. . .

Also as a special Christmas bonus we will give
you an additional discount for any software
ordered. 1 0% if you order 2 programs, 1 5% if you
order3 programsand20%ifyouorder4ormore
programs. (Only one discount per order and
YOU MUST ASK for the discount when placing the order!)

TOP TEN FOR THE MONTH OF DECEMBER

#1 CASH MAN ComputerShack

A great original game for the COCO! A
combination of Jumpman and Bagman
with many totally original concepts spec-
ially designed for the COCO. Excellent
one player game. Unbelievably fun to
play with 2 players simultaneously.
TAPE/DISK $27.95/29.95

#2 DEMON SEED Comp Shack

Somewhat like the game Phoenix. 3 dif-
ferent waves of demons and bats attack
you. Plus you have challenge rounds!
Great graphics and fast action.
TAPE/DISK (27.95/29.95)

#3 TIME BANDIT Comp Shack

Another game written for the COCO this
is an original game. The closest arcade
game isTutenkham to which it has a very
loose resemblance. Great color and
super fun to play. ($27.95/29.95)

# 4 LUNAR PATROL Spectral

This is an exact copy of the arcade game
Moon Patrol. Excellent graphics.
TAPE/DISK $24.95/28.95)

# 5 LANCER Spectral

This is a copy of the arcade game Joust
Excellent graphics and payability.
TAPE/DISK ($24.95/28.95)

# 6 FURY Computer Shack

A very loose copy of the arcade game
Time Pilot. Excellent color, very fast.
TAPE/DISK $27.95/29.95

# 7 OUTHOUSE Computer Shack

A totally new outrageously funny game
only available on the COCO.
TAPE/DISK $27.95/29.95

#8 CHOPPER STRIKE C.S.

A combination of Scramble, Whirlybird

Run and Chopper. Great action and

graphics

TAPE/DISK $27.95/29.95

#9 THE KING Tom Mix

A copy of the arcade game Donkey Kong.
Very good graphics. ($26.95/29.95)

# 1 MUDPIES Computer Shack

An original game by the authors of
Demon Seed. Excellent graphics and its
super fun to play. One of our favorites!
($27.95/29.95)

ULU

1691 Eason, Pontiac, Michigan 48054

Information:- (313) 673-1205
Ordering: (800)392-8881

MasterCharge and Visa OK. Please add
S3.00 for shipping in the U.S.A. - S5.00 for
Canada. Dealer inquires invited.

the RAINBOW January 1984

BOOK SALE!

ALL BOOKS 10% OFF
BUY 2 BOOKS SAVE 20%

Each book is $13.25 for December and
January. If you purchase two or more
books you only pay $1 1 .96 for each book.
Special prices for Rainbow readers only
you must askfor special price when order-
ing.

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE GRAPHICS FOR
THE TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER

By Don Inman $14.95

Written specifically lor the TRS-80 Color Com-
puter, this book uses sound and graphics to
show how 6809 assembly lang uage oan be used
to perform tasks that would be difficult or impos-
sible with BASIC. All of the explanations are
hands-on, so that the manual can serve as a
tutorial

PROGRAMMING THE 6S09

By Zaks & Labia k $14.95

This book explains how to program the 6809 in
assembly language, covering all aspects pro-
gressively and systematically. Begining with the
basics of prog ramming, Prog ramming the 6809
goes on to explain registers and buses, sub-
routines, the 6609 instruction set, addressing
modes, I/O techniques and devices, and finally,
data structures

THE FACTS

By Spectral Associates $1 4.95

The facts is a compendium of data designed to
explain in detail the internal workings of the
Color Computer, A must for any machine lan-
guage or basic programmer.

TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER GRAPHICS

By Don Inman $14.95

Explore the creative and imaginative blending of
computers and color using Color Computer
Graphics. This book will enable you to explore all
the graphics capabilities of Extended Basic. The
book also provides application programs and
useful subroutines 303 pages.

PASCAL* A Problem Solving Approach

By Elliot Koffman St 4.95

Here is everything you need to know about
problem solving and structured programming in
Pascal.

INTRODUCTION TO PASCAL

By Rodney Zaks

$14.95

Without question the best organized and the
most clearly written of the many introductory
Pascal books.

BLANK COMPUTER TAPES

Same high quality AMPEX tape we use for
our own products.

10 min 50

20 min .60

30 min , g5

Double Density Disks Only $1.75@

At Computer Shack we buy thousands of
disks a month for our own use. We have

found that we can save considerable sums
of money by buying disks in bulk. That is
100 disks in a box with no sleeves, no
labels etc. We can put 10 disks in vinyl
sleeves and a plastic box for less money
than we can buy the same disks we buy in
bulk in a paper box! So we do this and pass
the savings on to you.

We buy Sentenal Disks. They are out-
standing! We unconditionally guarantee
them for the life of your computer. If you
ever have a problem with them return
them to us and we will give you a refund or
exchange them for new ones within 24
hours.

100 disks with tyvek sieeves ... $1 75.00

10 disks with tyvek sleeves .$19,95

10 disks with vinyl sleeves $21.95

Disks with vinyl sleeves and a plastic
library box $23,95

SMALL BUSINESS BILLING SYSTEM

Imagine having all yourcustomersatyour
finger tips with the ability to print invoices
or monthly bills easily and quickly. Now
imagine being able to keep a running total
of ail customer accounts without having to
even pick up a calculator. Its all automatic,
just say so and it performs, you can access
a customer file, print a invoice, add sales
tax, shipping cost, interest, and even ser-
vice charges with the simple ease of push-
ing a button. All at once you'll have time to
get the important things done instead of
constantly worrying about customer ac
counts. That's what you get with a Bl LLI NG
SYSTEM. Computer Shack's Small Bus-
iness Billing System, not an elaborate
accounts receivable program, but a simple
and effective way of keeping track of people
who owe you money.
DISK OR TAPE $29.95

This program lets you copy a Color Com-
puter disk file (any file: basic, text or
machine language) to a Model l/lll or 4
disk or from a Model l/lll or 4 to a Color
Computer disk. This program does no
conversions but it will transfer any file to
or from a disk. You must have a Model
l/lll or 4 with 2 disk drives (Model I must
be double density). Compatible with most
Model l/lll operating systems.

Price is $24.95 for the Model l/lll or 4 disk.

SUPERZAP

An amazing new program for the serious
Color Computer disk user. This program
allows the user full access to all of the
information on any disk. With 17 menu
options, this user-friendly program takes
you step by step through the functions it
performs.

SUPERZAP has a main screen menu that
tells you all the options and their cor-
responding keys. All you do is decide what
you need done and the program does the
rest. Disk backups, copy sectors, erase
tracks, granule maps, kill and list files,
modify sectors in H EX or ASCI I, and more!

No more lost time because of disk prob-
lems. SUPERZAP can do it! The ultimate in
disk repair and information retieval. No
color computer disk operator should be
without it.

DISK ONLY $29.95

64K UPGRADE

Complete kit of 64K chips with instruc-
tions for their use. Now only $44.95.

1691'Eason • PonMac, Michigan 48054

Info: (313) 873-8700 • Orders: CALL TOLL FREE (800) 392-8881

Master Charge and VISA OK. Please add S3. 00 for shipping in the U.S.A. - $5.00 for
Canada

Dealers Inquires Invited.

Next month we will get back to the new game, so keep
those entries coming in, and watch out for dragons!

The listing:

70 021A

150 04A5

280 07E3

360 0A7F

450 0D42

550 1002

650. .
730. .
810..
900. .
980..
END

. 1261
. 1560
. 1791
1A79
1CA8
. 1F61

10 MO 1982 PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWAR

20 U«="L1U10R3D10L2BU10 ,, :R«= ,, U1R

1 0D3L 1 0U2BR 1 O " : D*= " L 1 D 1 0R3U 1 0L2B

Dl O" : L*= " D2L 1 0U3R 1 OD 1 BH O "

30 CLS3:PRINTe9B,"HIT THE DESIRE

D ROOM NUMBER" ; :FRINTai65, " (FROM

*01' TO *99*>";
40 X*-INKEY»:IF X*="" THEN Q0T04
O ELSE SOUND 150, 1

SO XX**INKEY»: IF XX*«"" THEN SOT
050 ELSE X*-X*+XX»:S0UND150, 1
60 X=VAL(X*):G0SUB90:IF X>50 THE
N X=X-50:G0T0B0

70 ON X 60SUBUO, 120, 130, 140, 150
, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230
, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300,310
, 320 , 330 , 340 , 350 , 360 , 370 , 380 , 390
, 400, 4 10, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470

"V\

VAL

SYSTEMS

At Last!
YOU CAN SORT LARGE FILES

— PRESENTING —

VSDSORT

VSDSORT IS AN EASY TO USE DISK SORT
UTILITY THAT WILL ALLOW YOU TO SEQUENCE
LARGE DISK FILES AS YOU WISH.

• UP TO FIVE KEYS

• FULL RECORD OR
TAG OUTPUT

• MANUAL OR PROGRAM
CALLABLE/RETURNABLE

• SINGLE OR IY1ULTI DISK

EXT. DISK BASIC REQUIRED

SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER FOR
$49.95 + 3.00 SHIP/HANDLING TO:

VAL

SYSTEMS

DEPT, 125

VAL SYSTEMS

15 E. MOUNTAIN AVENUE

PEN ARGYL, PA 18072

{215) 863-9167

NAME.

ADDRESS .
CITY

_STATE .

_ZIP.

PA. RESIDENTS ADD 6».b SALES TAX

, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550

, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600: B0T030

80 ON X 60SUB61O,62O,630,640,650

, 660, 670, 680, 690,700, 710, 720, 730

, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, BIO

, 820, 830 , 840 , 850, 860 , 870 , 880 , 890

,900,920,930,940,950,960,970,980

, 990, 1000, 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040, 10

50, 1060, 1070, 1080, 1090, 1100: BOTO

90 PM0DE3, 1 : PCLS: SCREEN1 , 0: COLOR

6 5" RETURN

100 K*-INKEY*:IF K*="" THENIOO E

LSE SOUND 1 50, 1: RETURN

110 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U70R40 X D* i D60L4

0" : PAINT < 130, 90) , 7, 6:S0T0100

1 20 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U60R30D20X D* I D3

0L10XL*; LIO" : PAINT ( 130, 90) ,7,6:8

0T0100

1 30 DRAW " BM60 , 1 30U30X U* ; U20RSONR

50D20R20NR 1 OD4NR 1 0D4R 1 0U8R20U20R

50D20XD*|D30L20XL*IL35XL*|XL*|L3

5XL«| L20" : PAINT (65, 125) , 8, 6: PAIN

TU28,86),7,6:G0TO100

140 DRAW"BM128,96U30XU*;U20R50D4

OR40D20L50XL*! L30" : PAINT (130, 90)

,7,6:QDT0100

1 50 DRAW ■ BM 1 28 , 96U40X U* J R40DSOL4

O" : PAINT ( 130, 90> , 7, 6: 80T0100

160 DRAW"BM128,96U30R20XR*|R2OD3

0L50" : PAINT ( 130, 90) , 8, 6: Q0T0100

170 DRAW"BM12S,96U50R30D120L30U6

OXU*; " : PAINT ( 130, 90) ,8, 6: 80T0100

180 DRAW"BM128,96U10R10D10XL»J ":

PAINT ( 131 , 93> , 7, 6: B0TO100

1 90 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 1 1 4L35XL* 5 L25U90R

40D40R10XR** U60R60D170L50U60" : PA

I NT (130,90), 8,6: BOTOIOO

200 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U60R30D60L 1 OXL*

t LIO": PAINT < 130, 90>, 7, 6: BOTOIOO

2 1 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U 1 5XU» S U 1 5R30D4

0L30" : PAINT < 130, 90) , 7,6: BOTOIOO

220 DRAW "BM 128, 96U10XR*? D10XL*; "

: PAINT ( 131 , 91 ) , 8, 6: BOTOIOO

230 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U30R50D 1 O X D* ; D 1

0L50" : PAINT ( 130, 90) , 7, 6: Q0T0100

240 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U40R25X R* J R35D 1

1 0L30X L* ; L30U40R50U 1 OX U* | U 1 OLSO "

: PAINT ( 130, 90) , 8, 6: G0T0100

250 DRAWBM60, 1 20U2 1 NR 1 0C8U2R 1 OD

3C6R 1 ONR20U50R60D50L20D20L60 " : C I

RCLE (95, 67) , 8: CIRCLE ( 125, 87) , 8: P

AINT (62, 118) , B, 6: PAINT (95, 67) , 7,

6: PAINT i 125, 87) , 7, 6: BOTOIOO

260 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U35R30D80L30U35

XU*i " : PAINT ( 130, 90) , 8, 6: BOTOIOO

270 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U30R5 XR* 5 X R* | R5

D30L30" : PAINT ( 130, 90) , 8, 6: GOTO 10

280 DRAW ■ BM 1 28 , 96U20R20D20L5X L* J

theHAINBOW January 1984

CASH WAN

By Doug Frayer and Bill Dunlevy

The screen is exploding with colorful,
fast moving animation like you've never
seen. The speakeris alive with every kink
of sound imaginable! Best of all, the
players eyes are glowing with fascina-
tion and wonder of this classic creation.
THE GAME??? CASHMAN! So colorful,
so imaginative, so all out fun, that you'll
wonder why you ever settled for any-
thing less!.

Dozens of levels and screens (more than FORTY!) let anyone from beginner to expert have as much
excitement, challenge, and good clean fun as they can stand! Even the least adept player can have the time
of their life with CASHMAN, yet with the increased excitement of special MYSTERY PIECES and EXPERT
PUZZLE screens, the most experienced arcade addict is guaranteed to never stop playing!!!

HH'^I ^fl^HH

b^b^m

|:S

- .

!■

. i

I'Ui

Play by yourself or invite the ultimate
hallenge of simultaneous two player
competition! Run along the colorful
girders, jump across the tremendous
chasms, climb the wobbly ladders, or
grab a BYRD and fly to get the loot
before your opponent does! Be care-
ful though, KATS are on the prowl
and wrestling with them can be a
challenge.

CASHMAN's classical play is the or-
iginality and the fun that no arcader
whether a veteran or a rookie can
afford to pass up. So run, jump, climb,
or fly to the nearest color computer
and play the ultimate, . . . CASHMAN!

32K COLOR COMPUTER
TAPE $27.95 DISK...

$29.95

All software in stock will be shipped within 24 hours. Plus we will give
you 20% OFF if you order 4 or more software packages. 1 5% OFF on 3
and 10% discount on 2 software packages.

Listed below is a partial list of the programs we carry. We carry only what we think is the best
available software. Prices are listed (tape/disk). We guarantee satisfaction. If any product does
not perform as advertised return it, and we will gladly exchange it for you. Please note that we
carry some items not on this price list.

Astro Blast [Mark Data) 17.47/20.97

Balloon Attack (Computer Shack) 21.95/23.95

Bloc Head (Computer ware) 26.85/29.95

Cashman (Computer Shack) 27.95/29.95

Catalyst [Camputer Shack] 21.05/23.95

Chopper Strike (Computer Shack) 27.95/29.95

Color Demon Seed (Computer Shack). . . . 27.95/20.95

Color DFT (Computer Shack) 25.95/25.95

Color fury (Computer Shack) 27.85/29.95

ColDrcom/S (Spectrum) 44.95/44.95

Colorpede (Intracolor) 29.95/34.95

Color Graphics Editor (Soltsector) 9.98

Color Time Bandit (Camputer Shack). . . 27 .95/29.95
Color Stronghold (Computer Shack) . . . 27.95/28.95

Color Billing System (Computer Shack) 28.95

Composer (Speech Systems) . . 18.85/25.85

Cosmic Clones (Mark Data)... 18.95/24.85

Cublx (Spectral Associates). 24.98/2B.9B

Oevil Assault (Tom Mix) 27.95/30.85

Disk To (Tom MIX) 17.95

Doodle Bug (Computerware) 2B.95/29.95

Dunkey Monkey (Intelllronlcs) 9.95/12.95

Editor Assembler (Micro Works! ■••••■ 89.95/99.95

Elite Calc (Elite Software) 49.75/48.75

Frog (Torn Mix] 27.93/30.95

Galegon (Spectral) 24.65/26.95

Slinsi Gobbler (Spectral) 24.95/28.95

Glaxxons (Mark Data) 17.47/2D.97

Intercept 4 (Computer Shack) 27.95/28. 85

invaders Hevenge (Mart Systems) 11.9T

Junior's Revenge (Comput in-ware) 2B.95/31.95

King (Tom Mix] , 26.95/29.95

Lancer [Spectral Assoc.) 24.95/28.95

tunar Rover Patrol (Spectral Assoc). . . 24.95/26.95
Monkey Kong (Med Systems] 11 97

Moon Shuttle (Datasoft) 31.95

Ms. fid Mile i- (Spectral) 24.95/28,95

Mudples (Computer Shack) 27.95/29.95

Ninja Warrior [Programmers Guild) 14.98

Omni Clone (Prickly Pear) 29.95

Outhouse (Computer Shack) 27.95/29.95

Pacdroids [Programmers Guild) 9.98

Phantom Slayer [Med Systems) 11. 97

Planet Invasion (Special Assoc] 24.95/28.95

Pooyan (Datasott) 26.20

Robotlack (Intracolor) 24.95/27.95

Shark Treasure (Computerware] 17.95/22.95

Spaak Dp (Classical) 19.95

Tape To Disk (Tom Mix) 17.95

Telewriter 64 (Cognitec) 44.95/49.95

Traplall (Tom Mix) 27.95/30.95

Zap (Computer Shack) 29.95

Zaxxon [Dala Soil) 39.95/39.95

1691 Eason • Pontiac, Michigan 48054

Info: [3T3)673-B700 • Orders: CALL TOLL FREE (BOO) 302-8881

Master Charge and VISA OK. Please add $3.00 for shipping in the U.S.A. - $5.00 for
Canada

Dealers Inquires Invited.

L5" ; PAINT ( 131 , 91 ) , 8, 6; QDT0100

290 DRAW " BM60 , 1 00U20R30 XR* f R30D 1

0R5OD10L7OXL*; XL* J L30" : PAINT (62,

97),7,6:BQT0100

300 DRAW BM&O , 1 00U90R30 X R* I XR* I R

70D90L120" : CIRCLE < 130, 60) , 35:PAI

NT (62, 98) , 8, 6: PAINT (130, 60) ,7,6:

BOT0100

310 DRAWBMI28, 96D10L10NU10L4NU1

0L4NU 1 0L4NU 1 0L4NU 1 0L4U 1 0NR20U 1 OR

1 0U20XR* | D20BL 10XR* | R 1 OD 1 OXL* I " :

B0T0100

320 DRAW"BM60 i 100U10NU3QR10U30Li

OU 1 OR40ND50R3ND50R5ND50R5ND50R3N

D50R5NDS0R5ND50R 1 20D20XD* I D20L55

XL* J L25XL*| XL*; L80" : PAINT (62, 98)

, 7, 6S PAINT (62, SO) , 8, 6: PAINT ( 160,

62),7,6:60T0100

330 DRAW "BM 128, 96U20XU*; U2OR50D5

0L20XL*; L20" : PAINT (130, 90) , 8, 6: 8

0T0100

340 DRAW"BM60, 140U10XU*; U10R50U6

0R80D 1 X D* J D 1 0L50D60L80 " : PA I NT ( 6

5, 135) ,7,6:B0TD100

350 DRAW" BM 128, 96U70R25XR*! R25D7

0L25XL*! L25" : PAINT ( 130, 90) , 7, 6:8

QT0100

360 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U70R40XR* f R20D7

0L70" : PAINT ( 130, 90) , 8, 6: 8QT0100

TDP System 100
Color Computer I]
TRS-80 Color Comp

SOLDERLESS MEMORY UPGRADES

4K-16K S 20 M • 16K-32K i 40 D0 • 4K-32K ^SO 00

Installs in ISminutes without removing SAM chip. Includes Easy-to-
follow instructions, IC extractor, RAM button, and 90-day
unconditional warranly. Please specify board series. These

upgrades ore hot compatible with the Color Computer II.

SERIAL SWITCHER

Bi-directional switcher allows you to expand your serial port to
two or three peripherals or to connect one peripheral to two or

three computers 2 Ports '25°° 3 Ports s 30°°

Available with mounted Pilot Light— Add '5°°

I.C.s

Basic ROM 12 s 35°°

E.C.B.ROM1.V,..M0Q°
D.E.C.B.BOMH ... S 3S°°

6809E-CPU '25°°

6883-SAM s 25°°

6B47-VDG '20°°

6821 -PIA ! 8°°

All lout, only '65°°

4164-64KRAM
Set of eight .

*6°
'45°

4116-16KRAM M'°

Set ol eight 5 8 q °

64K FOR ! 75 00

This price includes expert
installation, a 64K RAM Button. 64K
Soltware (specify disk or cassette),
a 64K User Sheet, Return Shipping,

ond a 90-DAY UNCONDITIONAL
WARRANTY. Requires 1.1 or newer
Basic ROM and an operating 285

(F) Series Color Computer (D or E
Series boards add S 20 OD }. TDP-100,

or Color Computer II. For lastest

response, pay by Cashier's Check

or Money Order.

TERMS: Cashier's checks ond money orders (or Immediate

delivery • Personal checks allow 2 weeks • Orders $100 to $199

save 10% • $200 and over save 15% • California residents add

6% • Orders under $25 add $2 shipping * COD. odd $2

/^Mo. 4418 E. Chapman Ave., Suite 284
r A t~^^ \ Orange, CA 92669

VIDTRON

370 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U60R25 X R* 5 R25D6

0L15XL*) L35" : PAINT ( 130, 90) ,7,6:8

OT01O0

380 DRAW " BM40 , 1 60U 1 50R 1 1 OD 1 50LS0

XL*; L50" : PAINT ( 128, 96) , 8, 6: GOTOl

390 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96L5ND10L5ND1 OLSN

D 1 0L5ND 1 0L5ND 1 0L5ND 1 OXL* I BD 1 0NR4

0U15XU*» U5R10XR*! XR*| R10D5XD*! Dl

5":SOT0100

400 DRAN"BM60,130U120R15XR*IR15D

90R50D70XL*| U60L50D20L30" : PAINT <

62,110) f 7,6:Q0T0100

410 DRAW"BM60, 120U95R70XR*! D95L8

OU 1 OR70U70L4 0NL30BD 1 0L20D50R50U5

0L30BD 1 OL 1 0D30R30U30L20BD 1 OD 1 OR 1

0U10L10": PAINT (62, 118) ,8, 6: PAINT

(62,102),6,6:PAINT(72,93),7,6:PA

INT (82, 82) , 6, 6: PAINT (92, 72) ,7,6:

GOTO 100

420 DRAWBM128, 96U60R40D20XD* J D3

0L40" : PAINT ( 130, 90) ,8, 6: 80T0100

430 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U35XU* I U33R40DB

0L15XL* J LIS" : PAINT (130, 90) , B, 6:

0T01O0

440 DRAW"BM128,96U20R30U20R50D60

L50U20L30" : PAINT ( 130, 90) , 7, 6: GOT

0100

450 DRAW" BM 128, 96U55R30D20R50XR*

; D35L90" : PAINT ( 130, 90) , 8,6: BQTOl

460 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U23XU* J U25R25XR

*|R25D23XD*|D25L60": PAINT (130, 90

),8,6:B0T0100

470 DRAW " BM88 , 1 56U 1 OOR 1 00D40 XD* ;

D50L100" : PAINT (94, 146) , 7, 6: B0T01

480 DRAW "BM 100, 1 20U60R60D60L25XL

*;L2S":PAINT(112 f 110),7,6:B0T010

490 DRAW " BM60 , 96U50R 1 00D 1 00L50U 1

OXU*; U30L50" : PAINT (63, 92) ,8,6: BD

TOIOO

500 DRAW " BM 1 30 , 1 O0U40R20 X R* % R 1 OD

50L50U10R10" : PAINT ( 133, 102) , 7, 6:

00T0100

5 1 DRAW " BM60 , 1 50X U* f U90R50D50R5

0U20XU*; Ul XU*; U9R50D100L150U1 " : P

AINT(67, 140) ,8,6:60T0100

520 DRAW " BM 1 20 , 96U 1 OBU 1 OU 1 0R30D2

0XD*J D10L40U10L20U20R30" : PAINT ( 1

27,90),8,6:80T0100

530 DRAW "BM 100, 116U20XU*! U20R10X

R*;R10XR*;R10D10XD*$D10XD4|D10L1

0XL*;L10XL*;L10":PAINT(102,113),

7,6:B0T0100

540 DRAW"BM100,96U20XU*;UlORlOXR

*f R10D10XD*; D20R10D10L20XL*! L10U

10" : PAINT ( 102, 90) , 8, 6: 60T0100

550 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U20R5 XR* I R5D20L

(he RAINBOW January 1984

CHOPPER STRIKE

The patter of the blades, the roar of the engine, and the scream of the wind
against the glass can be heard as you slowly move your chopper toward
enemy terrain. Your mission — SEARCH AND DESTROY. Find enemy
outpost, missle site, gun turrets, and oil tanks and then, using your own guns,
destroy them. Help to rescue your own men, trapped behind enemy lines.
Most of all. SURVIVE against fantastic odds.

Below are your targets! Look over there! An enemy oil tank, filled with fuel.
Take the chopper low, watch your gun sights, as the tank comes into view,
FIRE! In a blaze of color, the tank errupts upon the screen! But watch out
right overthe cliff is an enamygun turret just waiting foryou to pass. Jam the
stick inot the upper corner and avoid its deadly barrage. Line it up in your gun
sights and return the blast. Got it! But next time will you be so lucky? Ground
missies, ICBM's, and unstopable heat seeker's are just a few of the obstacles
you'll encounter. Survival won't be easy, but then, nothing worth while ever is!

Two great fast moving, machine language versions: 32K COLOR COMPUTER, with over 180 different screens and 16K COLOR
COMPUTER with all the thrills, color and excitment of the32Kverison, but with fewer screens. (Both versions are included in each
package). CHOPPER STRIKE, you'll have to experience it, to believe it! TAPE $27.95 DISK $29.95

W ; V

DEMON

By Jelfrcy SoTerwi and Phhlip MacKenaie

The end is near; the demonic forces have invaded our galaxy. It is
up to you to defend the galaxy from destruction. At your command
is a powerful star cruiser equipped with high-energy missiles and
defensive shields. Only with practice and patience wilt you be
able to defeat the many waves of demon attacks and reach the
three special challenge levels that will test your mental and
physical dexterity.
DEMON SEED (32K) $27.95/$29.95

COLOR
FURY

by Tim Purves

The skys the limit in this
action packed, airborne,
dog fight simulation. All
alone, you're surrounded
by enemy fighters. Dodge
behind a cloud and come
out shooting! You'll be passed by paratroopers and tri-
fighter forces. Destroy'em all, and don't spare the ammo.
This is a life and death stuggle with only one victor!!!

The battle takes place in the air! The enemy attacks with
everything they've got, airplanes, helicopters, hot air bal-
loons, paratroopers and magnetic air mines.

COLOR FURY has the action and all out fun that you've
come to expect from the industries leading TRS-80 soft-
ware publisher. 1 6K or 32K

TAPE/DISK. $27.95/329.95

COLOR
OUTHOUSE

Computer Shack pre-
sents the wildest, fun-
niest, all out originalist
niest, all out originalest
game ever published for
the TRS-80 Color Com-
puter, Color Outhouse. In
this filled arcade game you
must guard your outhouse
against a band of
notorious toilet paper thieves. And if that isn't enough,
we've got some of the craziest vandals you've ever seep.
Bright colorful graphics, wonderful sound (very descriptive),
and most of all, a lot of fast and furious fun. This will most
definitely be one to show your friends!!!

32K TAPE/DISK $27.95/829.95

1691 Eason • Pontiac, Michigan 48054

Info: (313) 873-8700 • Orders: CALL TOLL FREE (800) 392-8881

Master Charge and VISA OK, Please add S3.00 for shipping in the U.S.A. - S5.00 for

Canada.

Dealers Inquires Invited.

5XL*5 L5" : PAINT ( 131,91 ) , 7, 6: B0T01

560 DRAW " BM 1 00 , 1 20U25X U* ; U25F30B

3Q":PAINT(lO2,110),8,6:G0T0100

570 DR AW " BM60 , 96U30 X U* i U30R20F70

L90" : PAINT (67, 90) ,8, 6: B0T0100

580 DRAW "BM 120, 96E25F25L20XL*;L2

0" : PAINT ( 124, 94) , 7, 6: 60T0100

590 DRAW " BM 1 20 , 96U 1 OX U* ; U 1 0F60L 1

OXL*; L10H30" : PAINT ( 122, 90) ,7,6:8

OT0100

600 DRAW"BM120, 96U10R30H10L10U5R

40D20XD*; D5L50XU*i ■ : PAINT < 122, 93

),8,6:80T0100

610 DRAW "BM 120, 96U10XU*; U10R20F2

0R10XR*! D10L60" : PAINT ( 122, 90) ,7,

6: GOTO 100

620 DRAWBMl 10, 148U45XU*5U45E30R

10XR*;D120R10F10L70":PAINT<112,5

0),7,6:G0T0100

630 DRAWBM130, 120U25XU*; XU*;U25

G36F35" : PAINT ( 128, 1 16) , B, 6: 60T01

640 DRAW M BM110„96U15XU*JU15R60D1

OXD*,- D20L60" : PAINT ( 1 12, 90) , 7, 6: G

0TO1O0

650 DR A W " BM 1 20 , 96U 1 OX U* J U30F60L2

5XL*5l_25U10" : PAINT ( 122, 90) , 8, 6: G

0T0100

660 DRAW " BM 1 20 , 96U50R20F50L30 XL*

; L30" : PAINT ( 122, 90) , 7, 6: GOTDIOO

670 DRAW"BM120,120U15XU*|XU*;U15

R50D50L50" Z PAINT (126, 1 18) , 8, 6; 80

TO 100

680 DRAW"BM12B,96U10XU«?U10RlOXR

*;R10DiOXD*|D10L10XL*iLiO": PAINT

( 135, 92) ,7,6: BOTOIOO

690 DRAW"BM128,96U20XU*;U20R10XR

*SR10XR*iR10D39XD*f XD*S D40L80XL*

5 L10U60R10XR*; R10D10R20" : CIRCLE <

153, 121) , 15:CIRCLE(153,71) , 15:CI

RCLE (103, 121 ) , 15: PAINTU35, 90) , 8

,6:PAINT(153, 121) ,7,6: PAINT ( 153,

71),7,6:PAINT(103, 121 ) , 7,6:GQT01

700 DRAW " BM 1 2B , 96U75R30D 1 50L30U6

5L10D50L10XL*iL10U90R10XR*?R10D3

0R10" : PAINT ( 135, 90) , 8, 6: BOTOIOO

710 DRAW"BM12B,96U30XR*SR20D40XL

* J U10L20" : PAINT (135, 90) , 7, 6: SOTO

100

720 DRAWBM60, 100U50R100D40XD*; X

D* i D40L 1 00U50 " : F0RB=70T0 1 50STEP2

: FOR C« 1 40T060STEP-20 : C I RCLE ( B ,

C), 5: NEXT C:NEXT B: PAINT (65, 95) ,

8,6:G0T0100

730 DRAW"BM60, 146U50XU*; XU*;U40R

30U20R 1 XR* ; R 1 0D50R30U20R 1 O X R* ; R

PARALLEL
PRINTER

INTERFACE

FOR THE RADIO SHACK COLOR COMPUTER
AND THE TDP 100

* RUN ANY STANDARD PARALLEL PRINTER
FROM THE SERIAL \/0 PORT

* WORKS WITH: EPSON, NEC, CENTRONICS,
C-itoh, SMITH CORONA, RADIO SHACK,
GEMINI, OR ANY STANDARD PARALLEL PRINTER

* SWITCH SELECTABLE BAUD RATES FROM 300 to 9600

* COMPLETE - ALL CABLES AND CONNECTORS
INCLUDED

* PRICE: $69 plus $3 for shipping and handling.
Canadian orders add $5 for shipping. Michigan
residents add 4% sales tax.

PRINTERS

C-itoh PROWRITER

GEMINI 10X

$345
$285

Plus shipping

CALL FOR PRICES ON OTHER MODELS FROM
THE ABOVE PRINTER MANUFACTURERS

BOTEK INSTRUMENTS

313-739-2910

Dealer inquiries invited

4949 HAMPSHIRE

UTICA, MICHIGAN 48087

42 the RAINBOW January 1984

1 OD50L30U20L30D70L60 " ; C I RCLE < 90 ,

116>,20:PAINT<65, 140>,B,6:PAINT<

?0,116),7,6:eOT0100

740 DRAW " BM60 , 96U30R 1 OU30F50R20U

40R60D80L25XL*; L25U30L5XL*? L5D40

L60U10XU*;U20":CIRCLE(88,96>,10,

6, 2: PAINT <88, 96), 7, 6: PAINT <63, 96

),S,6:60TQ100

750 DRAW"BM118, 1G6U30R1OXR*; R10D

30L10XL*, L10" : PAINT ( 124, 96) ,7, 6:

SOTO 100

760 DRAW'BMIOS, 1 16U15XU*; U15R15X

R$;R15D15XD*;D15L15XL*iL15":PAIN

T(112, 106) ,8,6:B0T0100

770 DRAW'BMIOS, 116U40R15XR*JR1SD

40L15XL*SL15":PAINT(il2,i06>,7,6

: GOTO 100

780 DRAWBMIOS, 1 16U15XU*?U15R40D

40L40": PAINT (112, 106) ,S,6:G0T010

790 DRAW " BM 1 00 , 1 20U50R20X R* 5 R20D

50L20XL*; L20" : PAINT < 1 10, 1 10) , 7, 6

IGOTOIOO

800 DRAW"BM10O,12OU5OR5OD5OL2OXL

*5 L20" : PAINT ( 1 10, 1 lO) , 8, 6: B0T010

SIO CIRCLE (128, 96) , 15:DRAW"BM123

, 1 10XR*; " : PAINT ( 128, 96) ,7, 6: 60T0

100

820 CIRCLE ( 128, 96) , 50: DRAW"BM123

, 145XR$; " : PAINT ( 128, 96) , 8, 6: GOTO

100

830 C IRCLE ( 1 28 , 96 > , 30 : DRAW " BM 1 23

, 125XR*; " : PAINT ( 128, 96) ,7, 6: GOTO

100

S40 CIRCLE (128,96) ,25: CIRCLE (128

, 96) , 50: DRAW"BM123, 145XR*; " : PAIN

T (128, 96) , 7,6: PAINT ( 128, 140) , 8, 6

: GOTO 100

850 DRAW " BM80 , 1 1 OU 1 OX U* J U 1 0E30R 1

0XR*;R1OF3OD1OXD*JD1OG30L1OXL*jL

10H30" : PAINT ( 128, 96) , 7, 6: G0T0100

860 DRAWBM80, 1 10U10XU*; U10E3CR3

0F30D3OG3OL3OH3O" : PAINT ( 1 28, 96) ,

8,6:B0T0100

870 DRAW " BM 1 1 4 , 1 20U50R30DSOL30 " :

PAINT ( 128, 96) , 7,6: G0T0100

880 DRAW"BM128, 140H30U10XU*;U10E

30F30D10XD** D10G30" : PAINT (128, 96

),8,6:GOTO10O

890 DRAW " BM80 , 1 46U45X U* ; U45R 1 OOD

45XD*; D45L40XL*? XL*; L40" : PAINT ( 1

28, 96) ,7,6: G0T0100

900 DRAW " BM50 , 1 80U20NR 1 60U20NR 1 6

0U20NR 1 60U20NR 1 60U20NR 1 60U20NR 1 6

0U20NR 1 60U20R20ND 1 60R20ND 1 60R20N

D160R10XR»jND16OXR*»R10ND160R20N

D 1 60R20ND 1 60R20D 1 60L70 XL» I X L* ; L7

YOUR COLOR COMPUTER JUST EARNED A MATH DEGREE!

MATHMENU

Developed by an engineer, Mathmenu is a
powerful menu-driven system to turn your
Color Computer into an intelligent, flexible
tool for mathematics and engineering.
Mathmenu takes the tedium out of math,
leaving your full brain power to attack the
"meat" of your problems. By rapidly mani-
pulating matrices and vectors, performing
integration and differentiation, solving
quadratic equations, plotting user defined
functions and much more, Mathmenu can
help simplify the most complex problems.
Whether you are a student or a professional,
if you use math, you need Mathmenu.

FEATURING:

• 3D SURFACE PLOTTING — Plots a user defined equation on an
X,Y,Z coordinate system in the High-Res graphics mode. Pianes,
surfaces of revolution, statistical surfaces, etc. can be easily plotted.
Surfaces may be saved to disk or tape. We believe this is the only program
of its kind commercially available for the Color Computer.

PLUS:

• Complete MATRIX Operations
(up to 8 x 8)

• Complete VECTOR Operations

• Numerical Differentiation

• Numerical Integration

• Least Squares Curve Fitting

• Binomial Expansion

■ Prime Number Verification

• 2D Function Plotting

• Rectangular to Polar Conversions

• Base Conversions

• Large Number Addition and
Multiplication

• Reverse Polish Logic Calculator
with Hexadecimal

• Quadratic Equation Roots

Main Menu with Single-key Selection and Return (Disk Only)

Plotting Requires Extended BASIC

Complete documentation of all functions is included.

For 32K Disk $49.95

For MK Cassette $44.95

Documentation only ...... $5.00 (refundable with purchase)

Or write for free brochure.

New York residents add V't sales Lax ,.

Inter <]rp (^Action it

31 Rose Court • Dept. R • Amherst, NY 14226 • (716)839-0943

January 1984

the RAINBOW

tiffin

CASSETTES

COMPUTER GRADED
DATA TRAC

BLANK CASSETTES

C-05, C-06, C-10, C-12, C-20, C-24, C-30

From the leading supplier of Computer Cassettes,
new, longer length C-12's (6 minutes per side) provide
the extra few feet needed for some 16K programs.

f^h BASF-LHD (DPS) world standard tape.
v*^ Premium 5 screw shell with leader.

<<^, Internationally acclaimed.
V*"* 1 ^ Thousands of repeat users.

r^J>" Error Free • Money back guarantee.

, 500 C-12's or C-10's — 30 c each

(w .labels, add 4e . Shipping S17..50O
500 Boies 134 ea • Shipping SlO , S0n

TRACTOR FEED • DIE-CUT
BLANK CASSETTE LABELS

WHITE: $3.00/100 $20.00/1000
COLORED LABELS • Pastels ■
Red, Blue. Green. Yellow. Lavender
$4 00/100 $30.00/1000

CASSETTE STORAGE CADDY

Holds 12 cassettes m 95

w/o boxes

Includes edge labels
and index card

FREE

1 CADDY WITH EVERY

4 DOZ. CASSETTES PURCHASED

Call: 213/700-0330 '« immediate shipment \\

wan. <-i*;f(ww «-wu on Credil Card Orders

ORDER
NOW..

MAIL
TO . .

VORK IO

■ ORDER FORM -

™ 9525 Vassar Ave.#R1
Cltatsworth, CA 91311

[TEH

1 DOZEN

a DOZEN

TOTAL

c OS

C 7.00

D ia»

G-Q6

1 700

nr."-

C-10

3 750

i ■: m

C-12

. 7M

□ WOO

c-20

D &-'W

; 170^

C-iM

3 900

iroa

C-32

D tl.00

O avoo

Hard BOn

□ 250

O 4-00

WNe LaOEi s

3 00 ■ CO

■ 2000 «ooo

Colored Labels
Color _

O 4.00/100

Q 3BW.1000

\.:u1-:w. .■■■.

PHiCE

OUAKTePt

■3:oi .i^r- Caddy

2.95

SUBTOTAL

Calir residents add sales tax

Shipping .■hand irq {any quanldy — usmg prices at:-u--- ■> i

a.sq

Ou'S-de "It! Cc-hngniial SlaWS — Ar.:i.n :jrjU $1 per

caddy; r>or doi cassettes or boxes

TOTAL

Each cassette
includes iwd YORK 10
labels only. Boxes are
sold separately We
preier to ship by UPS
as being Ihe fastesl and
satesl M you need shrp-
mem by Parcel Post.
check here □■

NOTE AOdiiionai
charges oulside a8
Coni menial Stales
Shipments 10 AX. HI.
and USA possessions
go by Priority Mail
Canada & Mexico-
Airmail
All DihEis Sea Mail

CHECK OR M.O. Charge lo

ENCLOSED G Credil Card: VISA ~ MASTERCARD L_l

P PLEASE SEND QUANTITV DISCOUNTS

Card No

Ash about our

DUPLICATING

SERVICE

Exp.

Name __

Address .
City

Signature

Computer make & model

State/Zip

Phone

Disk? (y/n) .

0":FOR X~60T0180STEP40:FDR Y=30T

D150STEP40:PAINT(X,Y> i B,6:NEXT Y

INEXT X

910 FOR X=80T0200STEP40: FOR Y=SO

T0170STEP40: PAINT < X , Y) , 8, 6: NEXT

Y:NEXT XZFOR X=60T0180STEP40:FOR

Y=5OTO170STEP4O: PAINT < X , Y> , 7, 6: N

EXT Y:NEXT XIFOR X=80T02O0STEP40

:FOR Y=30T0150STEP40:PAINT(X,Y),

7, 6: NEXT YINEXT X: GOTOIOO

920 DR AM " BM90 , 1 40U55 X U* ; U55F 1 20L

55XL*S L55" : PAINT < I IO, 100) , 7, 6: GO

TDIOO

930 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96H30R60F30L25 XL*

;L25 ,, :PAINT(132,92),B,6:SaTQ100

940 DRAW " BM90 , i 20E60R35XR* ; R35S6

0L35XL*? L35" : PAINT < 128, 96) ,8,6: B

OTOIOO

950 DRAW " BM60 , 1 20E60R55 X R* ; R5566

0L55XUML55": PAINT (128, 96) ,7,6:8

OTOIOO

960 DRAWBM70, 120E40R60F40L60XL*

; XL*; L60": PAINT (128, 96), 8, 6: GOTO

100

970 DRAWBM30, 120E70R20XR*; R20F7

0L190": PAINT (128, 96), 7, 6: GOTOIOO

980 DRAWBMBO, 1 16E40R5XR*|R5F40L

100":PAINT(128,96) ,B, 6: GOTOIOO

990 DRAW"BM128,96U30R20D30LSXL*;

L5" : PAINT ( 131 , 92) , 7, 6: 60TO1OO

1000 DRAW ,, BM12B,96U10XU*;U10R20D

30L20" : PAINT ( 131 , 92> ,8, 6: GOTOIOO

1010 DRAW'BMl 18, 1 16U40R20D40L5XL

*S L5" : PAINT ( 128, 96) , 8, 6: GOTOIOO

1020 DRAWBMl IS, 1 16U15XU*; U15R20

D40L20" : PAINT ( 128, 96) ,7,6: GOTOIO

1030 DRAWBMl 18, 116U15XiJ*;U15R20

D40L5XL* ; L5" : PAINT ( 128, 96) ,7,6:8

OTOIOO

1040 CIRCLE (128, 120) ,50,6, 1, .5,1

: DRAW " BM78 , 1 20R45 X R* ; R45 " : P A I NT (

128, 96) , 8,6: GOTOIOO

1050 CIRCLE (128, 96), 70, 6,. 5: DRAW

"BM123, 60XR*; ": PAINT ( 128, 96) , 7, 6

: GOTOIOO

1 060 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96U20F20L5 XL* ; L5

":PAINT(131,93> ,B, 6: GOTOIOO

1 070 DR AW " BM 1 28 , 96U5X U* ; U 1 5F30L3

0" : PAINT ( 131 , 93> , 7, 6: GOTOIOO

1080 DRAWBM90, 1 16U15XU*; U15R40F

40L35XL*; L35" : PAINT ( 128, 96) , 8, 6:

80T0100

1090 DRAWBM90, 76U5XU*; U5R80DB0L

5XL*; L5U60L60" : PAINT (98, 70) , 7, 6:

GOTOIOO

1 1 00 DRAW " BM70 , 60R 1 O X R* ; R 1 0F30E3

OR10XR*;R10660H60":PAINT(80,65),

8,6:G0T0100

the RAINBOW January 1984

Library

ANNOUNCING

The VIP Library™

With a Terrific Sale!

Nelson Software Systems is now Softlaw Corporation, under
new management. Our Super "Color" Library programs have
also undergone a name change. All programs are the same
unbeatable Super "Color" Library programs you've heard so
much about, but with new VIP names. To introduce our VIP
Library we are having a special sale on the following pages. Our
low prices for such high quality can't be beat so get started today!

CoCo 2 Compatible

Diamonds in the mud puddle of Color Computer software!'

The Library Concept

State of the Art, Quality, Integrity,
Compatibility and Affordability. Five
things good software must possess.
Five things that epitomize the VIP
Library'* 1 . Each program is the
diamond of its class, true excellence.
These programs are first in features,
first in power, first in memory, and
all are affordably priced.

Stare Of The Art

All Library programs are written in
machine code specifically for the
Color Computer, to work without
the interference of a separate
operating system such as FLEX. From
this comes speed and more work-
space for you. Library programs work
perfectly with every Color
Computer, from 16 to 64K. The most
advanced hardware and software
techniques are used to place
programs in rompak cartridges for
instant loading and total workspace
with any Color Computer,

Perfection With 16, 32 or 64K

The programs do not depend on

I BASIC, and so allow total compati-
bility and workspace with any size
Color Computer, even 64K, Unlike
other programs for the Color
Computer which are said to be 64K
compatible, VIP Library" 1 programs
are not limited to between 24 and
30K of workspace in 64K, Library
programs have Memory Sense with
BANK SWITCHING to fully use all
64K, thus giving an astounding 61 K
of workspace with the rompak cart-
ridge, and up to 51K with a disk
version I

Lowercase Displays

State-of-the-Art graphics allow
instant use of four display colors, and
eight lowercase displays featuring
descending lowercase letters. You
can select from 51, 64 or 85 columns
by 21 or 24 lines per screen, with
wide or narrow characters in the 64
display. These screens provide a
pleasant and relaxing way to perform
your tasks, with as much text on the

". . . PICTURE getting your
instantaneous investment report
over the phone, using it in your
spreadsheet calculation,
generating a report, and writing
a memo including that report
and data from your database with
your word processor, and all this
with VIP Library™ programs

screen as is possible. Each program is
easy to learn and a joy to use. We
take pride in the stringent testing
done to make these programs per-
form flawlessly. Every feature, every
convenience, sleek, simple and
elegant.

Total Compatibility

All Library programs are
compatible. Transfer and use of files
between programs is easy and
carefree. What's better, when you
have learned one program the others
will come easy. And every program is
the best of its kind available.

The Library Programs

For your writing needs is the VIP
Writer 1 ", and its spelling checker, the
VIP Speller'". For financial planning
and mathematical calculations you
can use the VIP Calc'". To manage
your information and send multiple
mailings there is the VIP Database'".
For sending all these files to and
from home or the office and for
talking to your friends you can have
the VIP Terminal 1 ". Finally, to fix
disks to keep all your Library files in
good repair we offer the VIP Disk-

Mini Disk Operating System

The Disk versions each have a Mini
Disk Operating System which will
masterfully handle from 1 to 4 drives.
It offers smooth operation for such
features as the ability to read a
directory, display free space on the
disk, kill files, save and automatically
verify files, and load, rename and
append files. Library programs simply
do not have the limitations of BASIC.

Professionalism

The Library comes handsomely
bound in gold-embossed, padded
leatherette binders to grace your
work area with the professionalism it
deserves. Welcome the VIP Library 1 "
into your home and office.

A description of each of the
Library programs, with the
special sale price, is contained
in the following pages. Please
indulge!

®1983 by Softlaw Corporation

VIP Writer™

{Formerly Super "Color" Writer II j

By Tim Nelson

RATED TOPS IN RAINBOW, HOT COCO,

COLOR COMPUTER MAGAZINE AND BASIC COMPUTING

The Official Dragon Microcomputer Word Processorf

The most powerful and easy-to-use word processor Is available in
the showpiece and workhorse of the Library: The VIP Writer". Because
of its undisputed superiority over all Color Computer word processors,
it was selected by Dragon Data Ltd. of England to be the Official Word
Processor for its line of Dragon microcomputers.

The result of two years of research, the VIP Writer™ offers every
feature you could desire from a word processor. It is the most
powerful, fastest, most dependable and most versatile. With the
display, workspace and compatibility features built into the library the
Writer is also the most usable.

". , , Nearly every feature and option possible to
implement on the Co/or Computer. The design of the program
is excellent; the programming is flawless . . . Features for the
professional, yel it is easy enough for newcomers to master. . .
Certainly one of the best word processors' available for any
computer . . ." October 7983 "Rainbow"

The Writer will work with you and your printer to do things you
always wanted to do. Every feature of your printer can be put to use,
every character set, every graphics capability at any baud rate, EVEN
PROPORTIONAL SPACING. All this with simplicity and elegance.

Although all versions feature tape save and load, the disk version
provides the Mini Disk Operating System common to the whole
Library, plus disk file linking for continous printing.

Professional features of particular note:

Memory- Sense with BANK SWITCHING to fully utilize &4K, giving
not just 24 or 30K, but up to 61 K of workspace with the rompak version
and 50K with the disk version.

■ TRUE FORMAT WINDOW to EXACTLY replicate the printed page
ON THE SCREEN BEFORE PRINTING, showing centered line headers,
FOOTNOTES, page breaks, page numbers, & margins in line lengths of
up to 240 characters. It makes HYPHENATION a snap.

■ A TRUE EDITING WINDOW in all 9 display modes for those extra
wide reports and graphs (up to 240 columns! ).

■ FREEDOM to imbed any number of PRINTER CONTROL CODES
anywhere, EVEN WITHIN JUSTIFIED TEXT.

■ Full 4-way cursor control, sophisticated edit commands, the ability
to edit any BASIC program or ASCII textfile, SEVEN DELETE
FUNCTIONS, LINE INSERT, LOCATE AND CHANGE, wild card locate,
up to TEN SIMULTANEOUS block manipulations, word wrap around,
programmable tabs, display memory used and left, non-breakable
space, and headers, footers and FOOTNOTES.

■ The ability to control ANY PRINTER, using dynamic text formatting
with 27 comprehensive format parameters.

■ Automatic justification, automatic pagination, automatic centering,
automatic flush right, underlining, superscripts, subscripts, pause
print, single-sheet pause, and print comments.

■ Type-ahead, typamatic key repeat and key beep for the pros, ERROR
DETECTION and UNDO MISTAKE features, 3 PROGRAM-MABLE
functions, auto phrase insert, column creation, an instant HELP TABLE,
and a 110 page, fully indexed tutorial.

16K ROMPAK $59.95 32K DISK $59.95

tSold as the Dragon Writer™ ONLY by Dragon Data Ltd. and Its distributors.

Super Color "Writer" II in Tape
While They Last $49.95

VIP Speller™

' (Formerly Super "Color" Speller)
THE WRITER'S ESSENTIAL COMPANION

Spelling checkers are an invaluable aid to every writer. Habitual
misspellings and typos can be found without the eyestrain, boredom
and fatigue associated with endless proofreading. The VIP Speller™ is a
fast, machine-code proofreading program to correct any VIP Library™
or other ASCII file. It automatically proofreads your documents against
a 20,000 word stock dictionary, plus your own customized dictionary
and corrects typos or marks them for special attention.

DISK ONLY $49.95

Lowercase displays not available with this program.

IP Calc

(Formerly Super "Color" Calc)
TRUE VISICALC™ POWER]

By Kevin Herrboldt

* UP TO 5 TIMES THE SCREEN DISPLAY AREA OF OTHER
SPREADSHEETS!

* STATE OF THE ART LOWERCASE DISPLAYS

* MEMORY SENSE WITH BANK SWITCHING

* EXCLUSIVE VIDEO DISPLAY WINDOWS — EVEN UP TO 16!

* USER-DEFINABLE WORKSHEET — UP TO 512 COLUMNS BY
1024 ROWS

* WORKS WITH ANY PRINTER, EVEN LETTER QUALITYI

* LOCATE COMMAND TO FIND SPECIFIC NUMBERS, LABELS OR
FORMULAS

* 16 DIGIT PRECISION FOR THOSE SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC USES

* ALMOST UNLIMITED PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTIONS

VIP Calc™ is truly the finest and easily the most powerful electronic
worksheet and financial modeling program available for the Color
Computer, from 16 to 64K. Now every Color Computer owner has
access to a calculating and planning tool better than VisiCalc™,
containing all its features and commands and then some, WITH
USABLE DISPLAYS. Use Vlsicalc templates with VIP Calc™!

There's nothing left out of VIP Calc™. Every feature you've come to
rely on with VisiCalc™ is there, and then some. You get up to 5 TIMES
the screen display area of other spreadsheets for the Color Computer
and Memory-Sense with BANK SWITCHING to give not just 24, or 30,
but UP TO 61 K OF WORKSPACE IN 64KII! This display and memory
allow you the FULL SIZE, USABLE WORK-SHEETS you require. You also
get: User definable worksheet size, up to 512 columns by 1024 rows) *
Up to SIXTEEN VIDEO DISPLAY WINDOWS to compare and contrast
results of changes * 16 DIGIT PRECISION * Sine, Cosine and other
trigonometric functions, Averaging, Exponents, Algebraic functions,
and BASE 2, 8, 10 or 16 entry * Multi-layered Column and Row,
Ascending and Descending SORTS for comparison of results 'LOCATE
FORMULAS OR TITLES IN CELLS * Easy entry, replication and block
moving of frames * Global or Local column width control up to 81
characters width per cell • Create titles of up to 255 characters per cell *
Limitless programmable functions * Typamatic Key Repeat * Key Beep

* Typeahead * Print up to 255 cloumn worksheet * Prints at any baud
rate from 110 to 9600 * Print formats savable along with worksheet *
Enter PRINTER CONTROL CODES for customized printing with letter
quality or dot matrix printer * Combine spreadsheet tables with VIP
Writer™ documents to create ledgers, projections, statistical and
financial reports and budgets.

Both versions feature Tape save and load, but the disk version also
has the Mini Disk Operating System of the entire Library.

32K (comes with tape and disk) $59.95

NEW SALE PRICES! VIP Database™

Nine Display Formats: 32 by 16
51, 64, 85 by 21 or 24
True Lowercase & Descenders
Four Different Display Colors
16, 32 & 64K Compatible
Memory Sense - Bank Switching
Up to 51 K Disk, 61 K Rompak
Mini Disk Operating System
Compatible With All Printers

Fully Compatible With
CoCo 2

VIP Terminal™

(Formerly Super "Color" Terminal]
THE FINEST TERMINAL PROGRAM ANYWHERE!

By Dan Nelson

From your home or office you can join the communication
revolution. The VIP Terminal" 1 opens the world to you. You can
monitor your investments with the Dow Jones Information Service, or
broaden your horizons with The Source or CompuServe, bulletin
boards, other computers, even the mainframe at work.

Picture getting your instantaneous investment report, incor-
porating it in your spreadsheet calculation, generating a report, and
writing a memo incorporating that report and data from your database,
all with Library programs. Then you can transmit the report to work, or
wherever, long distance. The VIP Terminal'" will become the hub of
your Library.

FEATURES: Memory-Sense with BANK SWITCHING for full use of
workspace, from 16 to 64K * Selectively print data at baud rates from
110 to 9600 * Full 128 character ASCII keyboard * Automatic graphic
mode * Word mode (word wrap) for unbroken words • Send and
receive Library files, Machine Lanuage & BASIC programs * Set
communications baud rate from 110 to 9600, Duplex: Half/ Full/Echo,
Word length: 7 or 8, Parity: Odd/Even or None, Stop Bits; 1-9 * Local
linefeeds to screen * Save and load ASCII files, Machine Code & BASIC
programs * Lowercase masking * 10 Keystroke Multiplier (MACRO)
buffers to perform repetitive pre-entry log-on tasks and send short
messages * Programmable prompt or delay for send next line *
Selectable character trapping * Send up to ten short messages (KSMs),
each up to 255 characters long, automatically, to save money when
calling long distance.

All versions allow tape load and save of files and KSMs, but the d isk
version also has the Mini Disk Operating System common to the
Library.

16K ROMPAK $49.95 16K DISK $49.95

Disk version requires 32K for lowercase displays.

BUY THE ENTIRE LIBRARY FOR ONLY

$300.00

9072 Lyndsle Annus So. 612/881-2777

Minneapolis. Mlnnenota 55420 U.S.A.
TRS-S0 Is a trade mark of Tandy Corp. VidCalc te a trademark of VisiCorp,

AUTHOR'S SUBMISSIONS
ARE ENCOURAGED.

(Formerly Super "Color" Database)
INCLUDES MAIL MERGE CAPABILITIES TOO!

By Tim Nelson

This high speed MACHINE LANGUAGE program fills all your
information management needs, be they for your business or home.
And it does so better than any other database program for the Color
Computer, featuring machine code, lowercase screens and mailmerge
capabilities. Inventory, accounts, mailing lists, family histories, you
name it, the VIP Database'" will keep track of all your data, and it will
sort and merge VIP Writer 1 " files.

The VIP Database™ features the Library Memory Sense with BANK
SWITCHING and selectable lowercase displays for maximum utility. It
will handle as many records as fit on your disk or disks. It is structured in
a simple and easy to understand menu system with full prompting for
easy operation. Yourdata is stored in records of your own design, each
divided into up to 255 fields. Each field will hold up to 255 characters.
All files are fully indexed for speed and efficiency. Full sort of records is
provided for easy listing of names, figures, addresses, etc., in ascending
or descending alphabetic or numeric order. You may also combine
files, sort and print mailing lists, print "boiler plate" documents,
automatically insert text in standardized forms, address envelopes - the
list is endless. The math package even performs arithmetic operations
and updates other fields. Create files compatible with the VIP
Writer'"and VIP Terminal'". Up to five different print formats are
available, and control codes may be imbedded for use with all printers.

As with all other Library programs, the Database features the
powerful Mini Disk Operating System.

32K DISK $59.95

VIP Disk-ZAP™

(Formerly Super "Color" Disk-ZAP)
RAVED ABOUT IN THE APRIL 1983 "RAINBOW!"

By Tim Nelson

Your database file disk, form letter disk, or BASIC program disk
goes bad. An I/O error stops loading, or even backing up of the disk.
Weeks, even months of work sit on the disk, irretrievable. Now
catastrophic disk errors are repairable, quickly and with confidence,
using the VIP Disk-ZAP™. It Is the ultimate repair utility for simple and
quick repair of all disk errors. Designed with the non-programmer in
mind, the VIP Disk-ZAP™ will let you retrieve all types of bashed files,
BASIC and Machine Code programs.

This high-speed machine code disk utility has a special dual cursor
screen display to look at thedata on your disk. You are able to: Verify or
modify disk sectors at will * Type right onto the disk to change
unwanted program names or prompts • Send sector contents to the
printer * Search the entire disk for any grouping of characters * Copy
sectors * Backup tracks or entire disks * Repair directory tracks and
smashed disks * Full prompting to help you every step of the way *50-
plus page Operators Manual which teaches disk structure and repair.

16K DISK $49.95

Lowercase displays not available with this program.

~1 For Orders ONLY " "
— Call Toll Free —

1-800-328-2737

Order Status and Software Support call (612) 881-2777

Available at Dealers everywhere.
If your Dealer is out of stock ORDER DIRECT!

In Canada distributed by Kelly Software Distributing, LTD.
MAIL ORDERS: $3,00 U.S. Shipping ($5.00 CANADA; $10.00 OVER-
SEAS). Personal checks allow 3 weeks.

All Disk Programs are also available on 3" Diskettes for the
Amdek Color AMDISK-III Micro-Floppy Disk System for an
additional $3.00 each. ., 9B3 by Softlaiv Co(poia , iQri

DISK UTILITY

16 k
DISK
BASIC

_the
RAINBOW

The Limousine Utility:
A Tape To Disk Transfer Vehicle

By Roger Schrag

When lots of folks first get a Color Computer, they
hook up a cassette recorder to save their programs
on, figuring they will gel a disk drive later on. By
the time they do get a disk drive, they have accumulated a
large library of program and data files on tape.

It then becomes something of a chore to transfer all of
those files from tape to disk. A BASIC program needs to be
CLOADed from tape and SA VEd to disk. A machine lan-
guage program needs to be CLOADMed from tape, ana-
lyzed so that the addresses may be found, and finally
SA VEMedio disk. Transferring data files, meanwhile, can
often be a total nightmare.

What I would like to present here is a simple tape to disk
file transferring utility. The source code is shown in the
program listing, and may be keyed in and assembled with
most any Editor/ Assembler in a straightforward manner.

In short, this utility will readjust about any standard tape
file and transfer it to disk. The disk file will have the exact
same attributes (basic or machine language, ASCII or
binary, etc.) as the tape file, and the disk file will be fully
loadable and operational.

To transfer a file from tape to disk, load the assembled
program and execute it. The screen will clear and you will be
prompted to prepare the cassette containing the file to be
transferred and to press [ENTER]. Cue the tape to the
beginning of the file and press [ENTER]. The tape's sound
will be played over the TV's speaker to aid you in locating
the recording on the cassette. If you cue the tape badly and
the tape starts out in the middle of the file, don't worry;
simply reposition the tape to the beginning. The transfer
utility will sift patiently through the middle of a file, or even
through garbage, until it finds what it's looking for.

When the transfer utility does find the beginning of a file,
it will stop the recorder and print the file's name and type.
You will be asked if you wish to transfer this file. If you do,
press the Y key. Otherwise press the N key. You will be
prompted to prepare the cassette again.

As the file loads in, a block will blink in the upper left
corner of the screen. If there isn't enough memory to hold

(Roger Schrag, currently studying computer science at
the University of California at Berkeley, enjoys work-
ing with Co Co and writing articles for the Rainbow.
He also designs and translates programs for Adven-
ture International.)

the whole file, or if there is an I/O error, a message will be
printed and the transfer terminated. You will then be invited
to start the transfer utility over again or return to BASIC.

BASIC programs saved in non-ASCII form and machine
language programs saved with the CSA VEM command are
organized differently on disk than on tape. So when the tape
Hie is fully loaded into memory, the transfer utility will
automatically reformat the data as needed so that it will
work correctly on disk. (BASIC programs saved in ASCII
form, data files, and machine language programs created by
EDTASMA- don't need any modifying.)

When the tape file is finished loading and reformatting is
complete, a message to this effect will appear on the screen.
You will now be asked for the name you wish to give to the
disk file. Enter any filespec that is valid in BASIC but don't
enclose it in quotes. If you don't specify an extension, none
will be used, and if you don't specify a drive number, the
default will be used.

The transfer utility will next save the file onto disk. If an
error occurs anywhere along the way, a message will be
printed and you will be prompted again to enter the name
for the disk file. So, if an error occurs while saving to disk,
you won't have to reload the tape file all over again.

When the file has been successfully saved on disk, you will
be asked if you would like to start the transfer utility anew. If
you have more tape files to transfer, then press the Y key.
Pressing the N key will return you to BASIC.

At any time the transfer utility is waiting for keyboard
input, you may press [BREAK] to cancel the transfer in
progress. You will then be asked if you would like to start
over again or return to BASIC,

This utility will transfer any basic program, BASIC pro-
gram saved in ASCII, machine language program created
by CSA VEM, machine language program created by
EDTASM+, or just about any data file to disk easily and
accurately. It very well may not transfer protected programs
or automatic execute loaders.

One interesting note: On cassette, there is no distinction
between data files and BASIC programs saved in ASCII,
That is, there is no way to tell whether a file was created with
the command Of£'/V"0",-r'NAME"or with the command
CSA K£"NAME"A. What does this mean? If you use the
utility to iransfcra basic program saved in ASCII, you will
be told that the file is a data file, even though it is actually a
BASIC program. There is no harm in this, however, because

the RAINBOW January 1984

the disk file created will load correctly with the LOAD
command, in spite of being labeled as a data file.

All files created by the Color Computer start out with a
15-byte block of data called a Header. The Header contains
the filename, the file's type, whether it is in ASCII or binary,
and whether the tape recorder must be turned off and back
on between loading each block of code. This leaves four
bytes which are usually unused. The one exception is in
machine language programs saved by the CSA VEM com-
mand. Here, the last four bytes contain the program's start
and execute addresses. The transfer utility uses all of the
information in a file's header to load it properly and refor-
mat it if necessary. Some of this information is then trans-
ferred into the disk directory.

This utility uses three undocumented routines in the disk
ROM. It checks to see which version of the disk ROM you
have, and then branches to the appropriate address.

That about rounds out The Tape to Disk File Transfer
Utility. If you have any questions or comments, feel free to
drop me a line. If you'd like, you may purchase the source
code on cassette for $5. My address appears at the top of the
program listing.

The listing:

00001 HtlHI(»llltHHil(HIIII4MI

00002 t TAPE 10 DISK FILE TRANSFER t

00003 ftHiDiHtmtittttmmmt

00004 I

000O! iBy: -

00006 » fiogtr Schng

00007 i 1034 (tanning Avenue
OOOOfl * Us fcigtltt, CA 90023

00009 »

00010 *

1000

00011

ORB

11000

Lot irti of iMory

1000 10CE 1000

00012 START

LDS

mow

Sit up stick

1004 84

00013

LSA

M7E

Opcode for JMP nn

1004 RE

1IB2

00014

LDI

IERR0R

Address to JMP to

1009 B7

0JBE

00013

STft

USE

Pitch Into Basic's

HOC BF

01BF

00016

3TI

118F

Error victor

J OOF BE

1460

00017

LDI

■SUFFER Stirt of fri* mory

1012 A*

0001 B KLOOF

IDA

Riid i by t t

1014 43

00019

COM

Cospleient register

I0IS 43

O002O

Coipleient RAD

1017 At

00021

It the RAH good?

1019 24

00022

BHE

BOTHER

If not, stop the test

I01E 43

00023

.«♦

Restore byte md go

t0!I 20

00024

8RA

HOOP

Check tore bytes

I01F 30

89 FFOO

00O25 BOTHER

LEAI

-1100,1 Lawsr painter sou

1023 BF

143E

00026

STI

TOPHEM

Sit top of eiiory

1026 I0CE 1000

00027 BEBIN

LDS

II 1000

Reset iticli pointer

I02A 84

00028

IDA

1(60

Slink on the screen

102C BE

0400

00029

LDI

11400

Top of screen

102F 9F

00030

STI

tee

Piece curior there

1031 A7

00031 as

STA

■»♦

CI Mr the screen

1033 BE

0600

00032

11400

One byte it I tilt

10J4 25

00033

BL0

CLS

1038 5f

00034

CLRB

Use RON routine to

1039 BD

A99D

00033

JSR

utm

Activate tipi AUDIO

103C BE

I2Bf

00036

LSI

♦TITLE

Title iissege

103F B0

11FI

00037

JSR

psurrn

Print the ttnige

1042 BO

UF9

00038

JSR

INPUT

Hilt for Enter key

1045 7F

09B3

00039

CLR

I9B3

Shut off drives so

104B 7F

09B4

00040

CLR

1984

Thty won't run endlessly

104B7F

FF40

00041

IFF40

During cassette 1/8

104E BD

9F AO04

00042 6ETHED

JSR

[IA004J Loots lie* recording

1052 8E

1430

00043

LDI

IHEADER Till RON to reed diti

1053 9F

0OO44

STI

*7E

Into HEADER buffer

J 057 AD

9F A004

O0043

JSR

ttnootl Reid umt dite

105B 0B

00046

TST

I7C

in it i fill htider?

105D 26

00047

BNE

BETNEB

Try igiin if not

IMF 0D

00O4B

TST

IBI

Nn there in 10 error?

1041 26

0OO49

BNE

BETNEB

Try again if IB

1063 BD

hoe

00050

JSR

HTROFF

Shut off tape iotor

EAR
ONES

COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE

NEW! EASY-TO-DO

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COUNTED CROSS-STITCH CRAFT
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TITLES AVAILABLE:

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A FREE 16K ML "SOOPER PAC"
a $21.95 VALUE*

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Enclose Check or Money Order
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TOTAL

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TOTAL: S .
Mich. Res. Add 4% Tax .

TOTAL ORDER: $.

SHIP TO:

imuiikMuim

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY

STATE

ZIP

January 1984 the RAINBOW 49

10S4 K

04*0

0O031

LDI

II4A0 Set cur jor petition

104? 9F

00032

tSG At lid icrttit

J04B BE

17F.1

00033

LSI

•INANE "Fllenut ii... p

104E BD

11FI

DOOM

JSR

PRINTH Print the ititigt

1071 BE

00031

LDI

•HEADER Paint to filenitt

107* C4

00054

LOB

t»B 8 ehincttri Ion;

1074 Hi

0O037 FKAHE

LBA

,1+ Set character

1078 BD

1!E7

00038

JSR

VISED Print on tcreen

1071 5A

00059

DECB

DtcrtMBt counter

107C 24

O0O4O

BNE

PHANE Print utiole nm

I07E3E

12F4

00041

LDI

•TTYPE 'It ii e..."

1081 BD

I1FI

00042

JSR

PRINTH Print the insist

1084 BE

1287

00043

LDI

ITTYPES Table of typet

1087 B4

14 JB

00044

LDA

HEADER+B Bet file'i type

10BA 81

00045

chpa

112 It it legal?

ioac 2i

00044

BL3

DKTYPE Skip iheid If to

108E 84

00047

LDA

1*3 If 1 'Hon itMdiro*

1090 48

00048 OKTYPE

LSLA

Type tiiet tno

1091 AE

00049

LDI

A,I Bet iddr off table

1093 BO

11F1

00070

JSn

PRIHTfl Print the ifiuqe

1094 8E

I33D

00071

LDI

•XFERIT 'Tramfer it?"

1099 8S

1224

00072

JSR

YESHO Bet yti or no

10SC 24

00073

SHE

DEBIK If no, try *giin

109EBE

1440

00074

LDI

•BUFFER Start of eteory

10AI 29

00073

BRA

SYNC Jutp into laid loop

IOAJ 7D

MSA

00074 TLOftO

T3T

HEADER+IOA Need to resyncronizi?

10A4 27

00077

BED

N05YNC Skip routine if not

1MB 14

00073 SYNC

P9H9

I Save I

tOAA BD

JIM

00079

JSR

NTRDFF Turn off tape eotor

10AD AD

9F A004

OOOBO

J9F

1IA0041 Reiyncroniii

IOBI 3!

O0OB1

PULS

I Restore I

1083 ff

00OS2 ND9VNC

9TI

I7E Tell RON etiere to put dtti

1083 AD

9F A004

00083

J9R

UMKM Load tote data

I0B9 C4

00034

LDB

III Cade far I/D ERROR

I0BB 00

00085

TST

(81 Mat there an ID?

1080 1024 WFI

00O84

L6NE

ERROR Br inch if so

eoci n

00087

LDA

I7C Check block's type

10:3 ei

00088

CHPA

•IFF End of the file?

IOCS 27

00089

BED

TAPEHD Skip ibead if 10

10C7 4k

00090

DECA

Valid data block?

IOCS 1024 O0E4

00091

LBNE

ERROR I/O ERROR if not

10CC BC

143C

00092

CHPI

TOPHEN But of buffer ipici?

IOCF 25

00093

BLO

TLDAD Loop back if not

IODI Ci

00094

LDI

IIFF Code for BUFFER FULL

10D3 7E

lit?

00093

jhp

ERROR Caute the error

10D4 BF

HIE

0OO94 TAPEHD

9TI

EOF Sive the file's end

I0D9 81

00097

JSR

NTROFF Shut off tape eotw

10DC B4

14S8

0009B

LDA

HEADERS Set fill' ( type

IODF 81

0O099

CflFA

112 Hat it R.L. proorie?

IOEI 24

00100

BNE

NOTNL 9k ip ahead If not

10E3 7D

USA

00101

T9T

HEADER+IOA In CSAVEH fori?

10E4 24

00102

BNE

HOTNL Skip ahead if not

00103 »Tapi files created by CSflVEM iutt be edited

00104 tbefore thiy

•ill load properly froi ditk

1OE8 30

00103

LEAI

tOA,I Change EOF to take

10EA BF

143E

00104

S7I

EOF File 10 bytet longer

IOEJFC

1431

00107

IDD

HEftDERHOB Bet EXEC addren

JOFO EB

00108

i"I Put it at very end

10F2 4F

00109

CLR

,-I Preceed EIEC addratt

10F4 4F

001 10

CLR

,-t By tua zeroei

10F4 84

00111

L1A

IIFF Preceed ell that by

10F8 A7

00112

STft

,-i An IFF

10FA A4

00113 Flit

LDA

-4,1 Hove the entire file

10FC A7

00114

STft

,-J Over five bytet. Thii

10FE BC

144S

00113

CHPI

IBUFFER+5 Leaves five bytei

1101 22

O01 14

DHI

Fill At the very beginning

1103 FC

14SB

00117

LDD

HEABER+IOD Set START address

1104 EB

00118

9TD

,-t Add it into file

1108 FC

143E

00119

LDD

EBF Set lenqth of file

HOB 83

144ft

00120

SUDD

tBUFFERttOA Hinus 10

HOE ED

00121

STD

,--! Add thit into file

1110 4F

00122

CLR

,-> Nike first byte rero

1112 7B

1438

00123 NOTHL

TST

HEADER'S It it Basic progrie?

1I1S 24

00124

BNE

N0TBA9 Skip thud if not

00125 sNon ASCII Bjiic prories alio wit be edited

1117 BE

143E

00124

LDI

EBF Change end of file

I11A 30

00127

LEA)

3.1 To etke the file

litC BF

143E

00I2B

STI

EOF Three bytes longer

II1F A4

00129 F1I2

LDA

-4,1 Hove entire file

1121 A7

00130

STA

,-I Bver three bytet, 10

the RAINBOW January

1984

1123 BC

1443

00131

CHPI

KDFFE

W The three mtrt bytet

1124 22

00132

BH1

FII2

Are it the beginning

1128 FC

143E

00133

LED

EOF

Bet length of file

I12B 83

1443

00134

SUM

1BUFFER+3 Hinus three

I12E ED

00133

t"»

Add It into file

1130 94

00134

LDA

HFF

Hake very first byte

1132 A7

00137

STft

,-I

Of file in IFF

1134 8E

0320

00138 NOTBA9

LDI

11520

Set cursor position

1137 9F

00139

STI

188

At eid screen

1139 8E

1333

00140

LDI

ILDCOHP 'Load it cotfllttt'

1I3C BD

11FI

00141

JSR

PRINTS

Print the Hinge

113F BE

1349

00142 RETRY

LDI

IDHftHE

'Dllk f dentil?'

1142 BD

11F1

00143

JSR

PRIHTH

Print the ttiitgt

1143 BD

l!f?

00144

JSR

INPUT

Set the Hleniee

1148 BE

1438

00143

LSI

HEftDER+B Sit file's type

IMS BF

0937

00144

STI

1957

Store it

114E B4

095A

00147

LDA

I93A

Bet deftult drive 1

1131 97

00148

STft

IEB

Store it

1153 SE

094C

00149

LDI

II94C

Clear out the

1134 84

OOI30

LDA

1120

FileniM storage

1138 A7

00151 BLANK

STA

,t*

Aree

115ft BC

0937

00152

CHPI

11937

i 1 1

USD 25

00153

BLO

BLANK

• ■ ■

11SF BE

1440

00154

IINKEY

Mm per ton intend

1142 C4

00135

LDB

IIFF

Prepare B

1144 3C

00154 EfETLEN

IHCB

Set the length 0*

1145 4D

00157

TfiT

1,1

The person's entry

1147 24

00138

BNE

EfETLEN

Into B

1149 CE

1174

00159

LJHJ

IBACK

Put return address

I14C 34

00140

PSHB

Onto stick

I14E 4F

00141

CLR

,-B

Hike ipici on stack

1170 CE

127B

00142

LDtl

IDFNAHE Use RDH routine to

1173 7E

124D

00143

JHP

USEROH

Prepare the filenaee

1174 84

00144 BACK

LDA

IMF

ASCII D for Output

1178 C4

00143

LDI

til

Use device 11 (disk)

H7A re

127F

00144

LDU

IDOFEN

Use ROM routine to

1I7D BD

124D

00147

JSR

USEROH

Open the file

1 180 BE

1440

00148

LDI

I8UFFER Start of teeory

1183 84

00149

LDA

Select output device

1183 97

00170

STft

I4F

II (the dlik filel

1187 A4

00171 DiRITE

LDA

p»

Bet 1 byte

1189 34

00172

PSHS

Bive I

I18B AD

9F ftfl02

00173

JSR

Clft0021 Nrite it to file

118F 33

00174

FDLS

Restore X

1191 SC

I43E

00173

EOF

Here to nrite?

1194 23

00174

BID

DNFtlTE

Skip back if to

1194 CE

1283

00177

LDU

IDCIOSE Ute RBH routine to

1199 BB

124D

00178

JSR

USEROH

Close the ditk file

119C BE

1379

00179

L1I

IALDONE

'Transfer coeplete'

119F BB

11F1

00180 FINISH

JSR

PRINTH

Print the iittigi

I1A2 BE

13C4

00181

LDI

IA8ftIN

"Stirt prograi anew?"

HAS BD

1224

00182

JSR

VEM

Set yet or no

HAB 1027 FE7*

00 183

LIES

BEDIM

Restart if yet

I1AC OF

00184

CLR

171

Hike it 1 cold start

HAE 4E

9F FFFE

00183

JNP

[IFFFEI ReinitiiHie tyltil

00184 ♦Control goes

to ERROR Hhen any error occurs

11B2 34

00187 ERROR

PSHS

Save error code

I1B4 CE

1283

00 IBB

LDU

IDCLQ3E Ute SON routine to

1IB7 BD

124D

00189

JSR

USEROH

Close the disk file

1 LBA BD

00190

8SR

HTROFF

Shut off tape lotor

11BC E4

00191

IDB

Set error code

11BECE

1309

00192

LDU

IERRS

Table of error cadet

I1C1 ft€

00193 GETERR

LDI

,U>+

Bet addr of testige

11C3 £1

00194

CHPB

.11

Coidare code!
Skip iheid if iitch

11C5 27

00195

BED

BOTiM

I1C7 4D

00194

TST

,u+

End of table?

11C9 24

00197

BETERR

Skip back If not

11CB BD

1IF1

00198 SOTERR

JSR

PRINTH

Print error eeieage

11CE 35

00199

PULS

Restore error code

LIDO BE

1399

00200

LDI

•CANCEL

'Function cancelled'

11D3 CI

0O201

CHPB

111

Cancil procedure if

I IDS 27

00202

BED

FINISH

Error occurred on lie

HOT CI

00203

CHPB

IIFF

Lotding the tape file

11D9 27

00204

BEG

FINISH

But if file loided OK,

11DB 7E

113F

00205

JHP

RETRY

Then 11k igain for filenaie

1 IDE 84

FF21

00204 NTROFF

LDA

IFF21

Shut off tipe mtor

1 IE) 84

00207

AHDA

IIF7

Reset the bit in PIA

I1E3 87

FF21

00208

STA

IFF21

Store it in PIA

11E4 39

00209 RETORN

RTS

Return

I1E7 34

00210 VIDEO

PSHS

Sive 1 and D

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list and total expenditures and income by month,
account or payee, provide a year-to-date summary by
account and figure your net cash flow. Better yet, it
provides a printed spreadsheet showing your year at a
glance.

The program sorts entries by date, lists most func-
tions to screen or printer and saves your files to tape or
disk. A special feature flags tax deductible expenses
and expenses subject to state sales tax. It even com-
putes the sales tax you paid! In addition, COCO-
ACCOUNTANT II includes a separate program to bal-
ance your checkbook and print a reconciliation state-
ment. Upto 450 entries perfile on 32K tape version, 500
on 32K disk and 700 on 64K disk version. Easy to use,
menu-driven, complete documentation. Only S24.95
on tape, S27.95 on disk.

TAX

Federal Hill Software

825 William SI.
Baltimore, MD 21230

Unleash The Power of Your CoCo

5UHHflHr REPORT A3 OF 12/31/53

Coco-Accountant II

JJVJ

FEB

MAP,

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

sue

SEP

DCT

NOW

PEC

15
230
245

200

It?
390

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240

330

310

30O

333

323

233

373

113

o* Look At These Features d

23B

227

242

227

1*1

•

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Cfl
CS

614
110

633
130

337

332

439
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101 1

1BO

2057
140

36|

1322

330

473
390

1006
130

•

Quick data entry

FD
FH
HI

24B

203

O
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113

101

394
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129

134

202

389

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HQ
LI

147

219

o
o

440

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128

1300

1066

79 L

•

List and total entries by account

MO
ME

♦30

430

1
450

139
BOO

900

430

330

390

61
473

181
473

•

List and total entries by payee/source

220

197

291

PIE

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137

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149

30
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199

93
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273
74

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2933

3416

3993

399

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4199

6321

403
33B8

3113

2999

6036

30OI

349
2777

•

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ICJ

786

394

210

•

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EXP

INC

27*?g
2933

227b

34]0

3102
3BB3

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TDT«_
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EXPENSES
INCOME

32996

+3392

•

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•

Sorts entries by date

•

Store data on tape or disk

THESE PRE YOUR

ACCOUNTS

flUTCJ

BUSINESS

CHILOCARE CC

CAR INS

CLOTH. [WE CL

C0NTR1B

COMPUTER CP

CREDCAfiO

CASH

FOOD

FH9

HOME I up HO
HISC MI

LlFEIntB
MAQAriWE

nEBICAL Mil

nORTGAGC

Send check or money order to FEDERAL HILL SOFT-

UTILITIES UT

INTEREST

SALARY XH

WE MO ACT

WARE, 825 William St., Baltimore, MD 21230. Your per-

sonal ch
order for

eck is welcome— no delays. Add S1.50 per

postage and handling. ,

HE! Of

00211

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1432

00351

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00352 YES

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1274 48

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1277 35

00277

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1270

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127F

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1.0 Open diik file

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1281

C48D

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1.1 Open diik fill

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1293

CA3B

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1.0 Close disk fill

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I43C

0000

00341 TOPHEH

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10 End of syitte'i tetory

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I43E

OOOO

00342 EOF

FDB

10 End of tipt filt

12S7

12FC

002B4 TTYPES

FDB

TYPEI

Bnic prognt

1440

00343 INKEY

RHB

110 Spixt for input bufftr

1289

130C

002B7

FDB

TYPE2

Dita file

1450

00364 HEADER

RHI

110 Space for tape (lit header

12SB

1318

0028B

FDD

TYPE3

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1460

00365 BUFFER

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12BD

1328

0028?

FDB

TYPE4

Non itandird

1000

00366

END

START Execution btglm tt START

00290 *

IheRAINBOW January 1984

00000 TOTAL ERRORS

#?d

Federal Hill Software

FINE PRODUCTS FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER, DRAGON AND MC-10

Play Blackjaq!

This is as close as you can come to the real thing
without losing yourshirt! Afull casino simulation, with
up to 5 players and 9 decks. Play with friends, play all
five hands yourself, or let the computer play the vacant
hands. But watch out! It plays by card counting rules!
There's even a joystick option for two players. Blackjaq
keeps track of everybody's winnings and losings, dis-
plays two card-counting algorithms and even prints
out the results of every hand if a printer is on line!
Nothing else like this available in 16k. Great for the
beginner or experienced player. Use it at home for fun
or brush up your technique before hitting Atlantic City
or Vegas. Requires 16K Ext. Bas. Only $19.95 on tape,
$24.95 on disk.

"Rtuckjaq is tin txseUent program which thould he bought by ail pttiyrn
who pltm to go to a casino tir who wish to know how we counters work tmr
game"

Rainbow. Nov. 1983

{T^ The Handicapper ^

NEW! Now available for the MC-10! Use the power of
you Color Computer or MC-10 to improve your per-
formance atthe track! The Handicapper is two separate
programs for thoroughbred and harness horses which
apply sound handicapping techniques to produce
rankings for the horses in each race. Factors include
speed, distance, track condition, post position, past
performance, jockey or driver's record and other attri-
butes. With a little practice, you can handicap an entire
race in a few minutes and a whole card in less than an
hour! Easy enough for the beginner, sophisticated
enough for the veteran horseplayer. Will run on any
1 6K CoCo or 4K MC-1 0. Includes complete documenta-
tion and betting guide. State computer type when
ordering. Thoroughghred or Harness Handicapper,
$24.95 each on tape. $29.95 disk. Both programs only
$39.95 tape or disk.

i u*1«i"«

unmuinttni

i«ui n""i

i'[.i ■mi,-:

m«r * t-m t ra w

nyr . m ..un

uiU H

I1UHU

Turn Your Printer
Into An Artist!

This unique printer utility introduces the Color Com-
puter to the little known but delightful craft called
"Artyping." This is the art of creating pictures using
typewritten characters, and Printer Artist puts it at your
fingertips. It includes two programs with 12 ready-to-
run drawings of of ships, birds and animals, holiday
and patriotic themes, famous Americans and more. In
addition, there are two utility programs and in-
structions for 40 additional drawings. Create your own
file of printer art and save it to tape or disk. Complete
documentation. Fun for home or classroom. Only
$21,95 on tape, $24.95 on disk. Requires Ext. Bas.

64K Breakthrough!

Did you feel gypped when you found out your "64K"
computer still had the same old 32K in Basic? We sure
did. So we've developed HID 'N RAM, a program that
will access that "hidden" 32K from Basic and use it for
data storage. Imagine writing a 28K data handling pro-
gram with every bell and whistle you can think up and
still having 32K left for the names, numbers and ad-
dresses you're crunching! HID 'N RAM is a brief ML
driver embedded in a Basic demonstration program —
a mailing list that puts 500 entries in RAM. This shows
you how to store your data in the "other" 32K and
access it using regular Basic commands. When you see
how it works, you can delete our program and write
yourown. The ML driverstays withthe program! Use it
from tape or disk. Of course, you must have a 64K
computer. Comes with complete documentation. HID
'N RAM is only $24.95 on tape, $27.95 on disk.

Coco Handyman

NEW! If you've ever tackled a home improvement
project, you need this one. Forget about paint that
comes up a gallon short or concrete that comes up a
yard too long. Coco Handyman quickly and easily es-
timates quantities of paint, wallpaper, floor tile, carpet,
paneling and concrete for any job — and tells you how
much it will cost! High resolution graphic diagrams
make it a snap to use. Lists estimates to screen or
printer! Requires 32K Ext. Only $19.95 on tape, $24,95
pn disk.

Send check or money order to FEDERAL HILL SOFT-
WARE, 825 William St., Baltimore, MD 21230. Your
personal check is welcome — no delays. Add $1.50 per
order for postage and handling.

The world's largest

manufacturer of software
presents . . .

*OS-9 is a registered trademark of Microware Inc. and
also FLEX is a registered trademark of Technical Systems
Consultants, Inc.

-PAK

O-PAK

for OS-9

Hi Res Screen &
Utilities Package

Use one of the available Hi-res
character- sets, or create your own! Mix
graphics with text on a screen with
unlimited flexibility. The utilities
include the ability to copy files three
ways, between FHL FLEX, RS OS-3 and
Radio Shack DOS. For CoCo OS-9 - $34.95
INCLUDE $3.50 SHIPPING & HANDLING

THE REGENCY TOWER • SU TE 2 1 5 • 770 JAMES ST. • SYRACUSE, NY 1 3203

PHONE (3 15)474-7856 • TELEX 646740

LANGUAGES

A/BASIC COMPILER for OSS and FLEX

Produce fast, compact, ROMable object code from easy to write

BASIC source code,

OS9 or FLEX Object only: $75.00 Available for CoCo

DYNASOPT PASCAL for OS9 and FLEX
This remarkable Pascal Subset is a p-eode implementation that
only requires I2K of RAM!

OSS: FLEX:

Object only: $69.95 Object only: $59.95

With Source: $99.95 With Source: $89.95

Available for Color Computer

NEW! DYNA-C for OSS and FLEX

This new "C" subset runs circles around any others in its price
class!

OSS: FLEX:

with Source; $109.95 with Source: $99.95

Available for Color Computer

INTROL-C COMPILER for OS9 and FLEX

A complete, efficient, fast C compiler which includes a Macro

Relocating Assembler/Linking Loader, Runtime Library, and

Library Manager.

QS9 or FLEX Object only: $375.00

Available for Color Computer

COMPUTER WARE'S RANDOM BASIC

11 Digits of precision. Conforms closely to the ANSI! standard.
OSS: $195.00

FLEX: $100.00

CoCo FLEX Version: $ 75.00

APPLICATION
SOFTWARE

DYNASTAR SCREEN EDITOR /

WORD PROCESSOR for OSS or FLEX

This extremely powerful, menu-driven Word Processing system is composed of
DynaBtar, the Text Generator and Dynaform, the Text Formatter /Mall Merge
program.

Color Computer Versions*
DYNAST ARj

for OS* or FLEX I fUMS (49.95

DYNAFORMi

tor OSB or FLEXl tHl.M $48.95

Purchased together! JlTS.lt $99.30

DYNASPELL Spelling Checker

Dynaspell Is the most versatile 88XX Spelling checker available. Use It with

Dynastar or Stylograph for a complete word processing system. How with new

LOOKUP eommandl

FLEX or OS-9 $199.00

CoCo Version $ 59-95

DO - JOB COKTROL LANGUAGE for OS9

This easy to use, "BASIC-Uke* Job Control Language Is great for Batch proceufng.
CoCo OSS version: HUi General 059 version: ttMl

RMS RECORD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

RMS Is a complete Database Management package made up of five machine language
programs. One of the most powerful and versatile on the market!

OS9 Object only. $!50 FLEX Object onlyi Hot

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

OSM - A 6809 MACRO ASSEMBLER for OS9 and FLEX
This is an extended Macro Assembler with conditonal directives
which will generate OS9 or FLEX binary files.
OS9 or FLEX Object only: $99.00
Available for Color Computer

CRASMB - MACRO CROSS ASSEMBLER FOR OS9 and FLEX

Use the Macro Cross-Assembler and any of the following CPU

Personality Modules (CPM's) to assemble that CPU's Source code

into OS9, FLEX, Motorola S1-S9 or INTEL-HEX formatted Object

code files. Available CPM's: Motorola 6800-2-8, 6801-3, 6805,

6809, Mostek 6502, RCA 1802, INTEL 80B0-5, ZILOC Z-80.

OS9 or FLEX:

CRASMB Object only: $200.00

CPM'S Object only: $ 35.00 each

CPM's with Source: $ 70.00 each

Available for Color Computer

* SPECIAL * Purchase CRASMB with all modules (Source

included) for $499.00

CROSS ASSEMBLER MACROS

Use the appropriate MACRO with a standard Assembler to

assemble Source code into Object code for any of the following

CPU's: 6800/1, 6805, 6502, 8080/5, Bnd 7.-80.

Object only MACROS:

OS9: $55.00 each or 3/$ 11 0.00

FLEX: $50.00 each or 3/$100.00

Available for Color Computer

Z-00 SUPER SLEUTH

Functions the same as the above SLEUTH though this

analyzes Z-80, 8080, 8085 object programs.

Same prices as Super Sleuth. Not available for RS DOS.

DYNAMITE +

Easy to use disassembler complete with cross-reference

generator, and label files maintained in text form only.

OSS: FLEX;

Object only: $150.00 Object only; $100.00

Available for Color Computer

6800 - 6809 and 6»«9 PIC/PUD TRANSLATORS
Convert 6 800/1 assembly language programs to 6809 assembly
language programs, and 6809 Assembly code to position-
independent code and data.
OS9 Object only: $75.00

FLEX Object only: $50.00

UniFLEX Object only. $75.00

Available for Color Computer

EDIT / ASSEMBLE for OS9

Editor with "Screen-like" line editing capabilities and a
Conditional Macro Assembler. Both much more powerful than
those inclusive with the Color Computer.
CoCo OS9 Object only: $69.95

SUPER SLEUTH

Examine and modify or disassemble binary program files into
source code format. Object code for 6800, 01, 02, 03, 05, 08,
09, or 6502 may be processed.

Object only:
CoCo OS9
CoCo FLEX
RS DOS

$49,95
$50.00
$49.00

With Source:
OS9
FLEX
UniFLEX

$ 99.00
$ 99.00

$100.00

LABORATORY

ThTheqENCVTOWER' eurrfc ZlB ■ 7 74J JAMEB AT . - 8VF1ACUM.MV 13103

F»HQN«i;aiij)*T4-raQfl - tele* b*07*o

BEGINNERS SPECIAL

16K
ECB

Getting Started With

Machine language

By Dan Downard
Rainbow Technics? Editor

How many of you have noticed the assembly listings
in the Rainbow and just gone to another article,
since "I'm not interested in that anyway, "or"! don't
know how to input that program into my CoCo." If you
answered yes to the "not interested "comment, goto the next
article. If you want to input one of these listings, read on and
we guarantee you will be an expert in one quick lesson. In
this article, we will give you a machine language program,
show you three different ways to input it into the CoCo, and
how to save it on tape for future use.

For this exercise you will need an understanding of hexa-
decimal numbers, a CoCo with at least I6K of memory
(Non-Extended is fine) and a monitor such as C-Bug,
HUMBUG or ZBUG. As you probably know, ZBUG is the
Radio Shack monitor for all of the examples. Other moni-
tors will work fine, but we have to start somewhere.

The Program "LF"

Listing 1 is a short machine language program that should
be of interest to al! of you using non-Radio Shack printers.
It adds a line of feed after carriage return for those printers
that require line feeds to be added by the computer. Don't
give up if you havea Radio Shack printer. The program will
still work, but you will notice double spacing. After all, our
interest here is in just getting the program to run.

Notice Listing ! is divided into eight different columns of
information. For this discussion, a column may be more
than one digit long. For example, the fourth column is the
line number as we are accustomed to seeing in BASIC pro-
grams. This particular program starts with Line 00 1 00 or
100. We will refer to the line number several times, so be sure
you can identify it.

Remember, in BASIC, how a REM or ['] command was

(Dan Downard is an electrical engineer and has been
involved in electronics/or 24 years through ham radio
(K4KWT). His interest in computers began about five
years ago and he has built several 68 XX systems.)

56 Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

ignored by the actual program, but inserted in programs for
reference. The equivalent instruction in the assembly listing
is[*]. When a [*] is encountered in a program, all of the line
that follows can be considered a remark and inputting is
optional. That means, in Listing 1, Lines 100 through 150
are for reference only and just explain what the program is
all about.

What is all the rest of that garbage? Well, to jump ahead a
Iitue bit, all of the information to the right side of the line
number, including the line number itself, is what we call the
assembly text file. All of the information to the left of the
line number is the actual machine language program in
hexadecimal form. Depending on which method we use to
input our program we will use part of this information to
perform the chore.

Method #1— Using and Assembler

An assembler is a program that converts mnemonic
instructions into actual machine code. We do not have to
u lerstand how the actual program works to use the
assembler. Again, just picture the assembler as a language
: 'ke basic. If we input a program and save it, all we have to
do to run it again is type CLOADM and EXEC.

Back to Listing 1. Columns 4 thru 7 contain all of the
information necessary to input a machine language program
using an assembler. A short explanation of each column of
text is in order. Let's u^e Line 190 as an example:

Column 4-00190 — The line number
Column 5-START — Symbol
Column 6-LDX — Command (or Mnemonic)
Column 7-1-l-HOOK — Operand

Column 8 is not used in this particular program, but is an
optional comment field. Again, inputtingany comments can
be left up to the user. In the actual ope rati on of EDTASM+,
these columns are called fields and seperated by inputting a
right arrow.

The first thing we must do is plug in our EDTASM+
cartridge. Be sure the CoCo is turned off. After seeing the

logo and the [*] prompt we are ready to go. Type [I] and then
hit the [ENTER] key and 00100 should appear. This gives
you amo line numbering starting at 100, incrementing each
line number by 10. Sounds good already, doesn't it? Using
[RA] lor the right-arrow key and [E] for enter we would use
the following keystrokes to input the program:

00100 *LF-RAINBOW JAN 1984[E]

00160 l-IOOK[RA]EQU[RA]$OI67[E]
00170 PRTOUT[RA]EQU[RA]SA2BF[E]
001 SO [RA]ORG[RA]S3F00[E]
00190 START[RA]LDX[RA]l+HOOK[E]
00200 [RA]STX[RA]l+OUT2,PCR[E]

00360 [RA]END[RA]START[E]
00370 [BREAK]

A few comments are in order. First, auto line numbering
does not have to be used. If a listing is not in a logical
sequence, just hit [BREAK] and [I] and the next line
number. Second, always make sure your text is in the proper
field (column). Some fields will be empty, but don't worry
about it.

When all of the text is entered prepare your tape recorder
and type A LF[ENTER]. This will "assemble" your text file
into a machine language program and store it on cassette. If
it is a long program it is usually a good idea to save the text
file for future reference using the "W" command.

Turn off the computer, remove the EDTASM+ cartridge,
turn it back on and type CLOA DM" LF" and EXEC. You're
in business. Any printer output will now contain line feeds.

Method #2— Using a Monitor

If you don't want to type in the assembly text, there's an
easier way. Just input the machine language program
directly into memory with a monitor such as ZBUG. In
Listing I, the first three columns are the actual machine
language program in hexadecimal form.

The first column is the address. The next two columns are
the hex numbers that you will put at each respective address.
The reason that two columns are displayed is that the second
column always contains the op-code, or operational code,
recognized as an instruction by the microprocessor. This
op-code corresponds to the mnemonic instruction we refer-
red to earlier in the assembly text file.

Let's input our program using ZBUG. First, we turn on
the computer after the EDTASM+ cartridge has been
inserted. Type Z and ENl^ER and you see a different
prompt, a [#]. ZBUG is now waiting for your command.
Since we wish to input hexadecimal bytes we type [B]
[ENTER] to enterthe Byte Mode. From this point, the only
problem is knowing where to start.

If you examine Listing I, you will notice that the first line
that has anything in Column 2 is Line 190. Aha! This must
be the start of the program at address S3F00. Very good.
Just as a side remark, the data to the left of the line numbers
in Lines 160 and 170 are just constants for program defini-
tion. Always start when you see data in the second column.

Notice that immediately following the address, I put an
FF in the second column. This can be any value and is
generated by ZBUG. It is the present value of data at that
address before you change it.

Using [DA] for down arrow {enter data and advance
address in ZBUG) and [E] for [ENTER], a session with
ZBUG would go like this.

First, you see the [#] prompt already on the screen. So,

type 3F0O and a [/] slash mark. On hitting the slash mark,
the value of the existing byte will appear and a flashing
cursor will appear several spaces to the right. Okay?

Now, type BE and hit the down arrow. You will observe
that the next address will be displayed, as well as its value.
So, to continue, you enter the next hexadecimal byte,
namely 01 and press the down arrow. Ifyou accidentally hit
[ENTER], simply pressing the slash mark will return you to
the same address. Ifyou enter an incorrect value, you can
step back to a previous address by hitting the up-arrow key.

#3F0O/ FF BE[DA]

#3F0I FF 0I[DAf

#3F02 FF 68[DA]

#3F03 FF AF[DA]

#3F04 FF 8D[DA]

#3F05 FF 00[DA]

#3F06 FF 2 1 [DA]

#3F07 FF 86[DA]

#3F27 FF 7E[DA]
HF28 FF 82[DA]
WF29 FF 73[DA]
#3F2A FF [E]

After you have input the program type 3 F00/ and keep
hitting the [DA] key. You will see the program you have just
input.

The only other problem we may encounter is the starting
address of the program. The EXEC address of this particu-
lar program is S3FO0, but that may not always be the case.
Read the accompanying article or the comments in the given
listing you want to assemble to find the proper starting
address.

After the program is in memory and you arc still in
ZBUG, type P LF 3FO0 3F29 3F00 to save' the program to
tape. From now on, a CLOA DM and EXEC will execute
the program from BASIC.

Method #3— BASIC

Listing 2 is a short BASIC program that will allow you to
input a machine language program into memory. Type in
and RUM this listing. After entering the starting address at
the prompt, you enter the same data as in Method #2.
Instead of the down-arrow key, hit [ENTER] indicated by
[E], after every byte something like this:

STARTING ADDRESS? 3F0O[E]
3F00? BE[E]
3F0I? 0l[E]

3F29? 73[E]
3F2A? [BREAK]

After the program is in memory, you can save it by
CS.4 K£M" L F",&H 3 F00.&H 3 F29.&H 3 F00. Be careful, as
there is no way of checking for mistakes other than taking
your time.

This method requires Extended BASIC, but no Monitor or
Assembler. It is crude, but it works and can be used ifyou
are desperate.

Summary

I hope you will try the different methods described and
pick one that you are comfortable using; that's the real secret
of success anyway. The next time one of your friends asks
where you got that fantastic graphics program you can say,
"1 put it in myself from ilie Rainbow!"

January 1984

the RAINBOW

Editor's Note: For another look at getting started in
machine language, refer to this month's "Assembly Corner"
by Dennis Lewandowski.

Listing 1:

00100 *LF-fiAINB0H JAN 1984

00110 *REV 0-DfiN DQHNARD

00120 tTHIS PROGRAM HILL ADD

00130 f A LIKE FEED EACH TIME

00140 »A CARRIAGE RETURN IS

00150 *0UTPUT TO THE PRINTER

0147

00160 HOOK

EQU

♦0167

A2BF

00170 PRT0UT

EQU

tA2BF

3F00

00180

ORB

*3F00

3F0O BE

0168

00190 START

LDX

1+H00K

3F03 ftF

8D 0021

00200

SIX

1+0UT2,PCR

3F07 36

00210

LDA

M7E

3F0? B7

0167

00220

STA

H06K

3F0C 30

8D 0004

00230

LEAK

0UT,PCR

3F10 BF

016B

00240

STX

1+H00K

3F13 39

00250

RTS

3F14 34

00260 OUT

PSHS

B,CC

3F16 D6

00270

LOB

<I6F

3F18 CI

00280

CMPB

ilfE

3Flfl 26

00290

BNE

0UT1

3F1C Bl

00300

CHPA

HOD

3F1E 26 05 00310

BNE

0UT1

3F20 BD A2BF 00320

JSfi

PRTOUT

3F23 B6 Oft 00330

LDA

ttOA

3F25 35 05 00340 0UT1

PULS

B,CC

3F27 7E 8273 00350 0UT2

JHP

$8273

3F00 00360

END

START

00000 TOTAL ERRORS

HOOK

0167

OUT

3F14

0UT1

3F25

0UT2

3F27

PRTOUT A2BF

START

3F00

Listing 2:

'ML-RAINBOW JAN

1984

'REVO DAN DOWNARD

'THIS PROBRAM WILL ALLOW

"YOU TO INPUT MACHINE

'LANGUAGE PROGRAMS USING

'EXTENDED BASIC

-HIT break

'WHEN YOU ARE FINISHED

[NPUT"STARTING

ADDRESS ";S*

[=VAL("&H M +S*)

100

PRINTHEX*j;

INPUT

110

POKEI,VAL<« , 8 t H"

+B*>

120

I=I+l:GOT0100

dRh

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the RAINBOW January 1984

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TAKING BASIC TRAINING

the

RAINBOW

For That Added Touch
You Need Append

By Joseph Kolar
Rainbow Contributing Editor

How many times have you wanted to add a nifty
routine or an entire program to one that you have
just created? H ow you wished you would n't have to
go through the drudgery of keying it into your program!

There is a technique that can make your wish come true. It
is called Append. For our purposes, it means, "to add one
program to another and by linking them together, to create
an improved, expanded and enhanced program."

It is not necessary to append an entire program. Selected
routines may be extracted, renumbered and appended.

Imagine that you created KOLARDES, (see Listing 1), a
graphic program. You decide to dress it up by adding a nice
title card. You have this program, +TITLE, (see Listing 2),
that you would like to tack onto the front of your program.

+TITLE can be used over and over again. You will want
to change lines 10060 and 10070 and put in your name and
address. All that is needed is a neat name for your program.

+ 77rZ,£was made to give you practice following instruc-
tions. No doubt, you can make better title cards. You would
be advised to make a copy of +TITLEaftcT you are finished
keying it in. Make sure you do this before following instruc-
tions in line 10300. This program sort of self-destructs and
what you have when you finish is not what you started out
with.

KOLARDES uses sound to enhance the random designs
and to act as a counter. If the sounds bug you, feel free to
change them. If they still bug you, turn the sound down. 1
think you will find the ever-changing designs amusing.

Before we begin, get a piece of 3 x 5 paper from the pad
you keep on top of the monitor. With a red, felt-tipped pen,
on top of the long side, print APPEND PROGRAM. Then
with a black, felt-tipped pen, print below the title, the
following:

1. CLOAD low numbered lines

2. POKE 25, PEEK(21) [ENTER]

3. POKE 26, PEEKW)-2 [ENTER]

(Joseph Kolar is a free-lance writer and programmer
dedicated to proselytizing for computers in general,
and the CoCo specifically.)

4. CLOAD high numbered lines

5. (If you have Color BASIC,) PO/:£25,6[ENTER]

6. (If you have Extended BASIC,) POKE25, 30 [ENTER]

7. POKE 26,1 [ENTER]

Consider this card a training aid and keep it in a handy
location. Store it on top of the TV set next to the dispenser
mentioned in the first article {December 1982). When
appending a program, place the card on top of the compu-
ter, between the air vents for easy reference.

Note: If you have ECB and start up the computer, it will
automatically PCLEAR4. If you are using a PC LEAR
other than PCLEAR4, to find the correct number for line 5,
(above), PRINT PEEK(25), before you CLOAD in the
second program.

As usual, there is more than one way to do anything. You
could CLOAD "+TITLE" and RUN and, following the
instructions in +TITLE, complete the title card; CSA VE it;
NEW CLOAD" KOLARDES," follow the instructions on
your reference card; CLOA Z)"+TITLE" (which you final-
ized) and then finish appending. But, for the purpose of the
demonstration, do not use the perfectly acceptable proce-
dure above.

First, CLO J 4/>"KOLARDES" per instructions from your
handy reference card. Make sure it works properly. Make a
note of the last line number in the listing. If you make a long
spread-out, numbered listing, you may want to make it more
compact by renumbering it. RENUM 10,10,10. The first
"10" means that you want the new listing to start with Line
number 10. The second "10" means that you want the
renumbering operation to start with Line 10 of the original
program. (This number could be any number.) The third
"10" signifies that you want to increment each line number
by 10. (I0;2O;30;etc.)

Look at Line 2 of the reference card. Carefully key it in.
Do the same at Line 3.

CLOA Zr+TITLE" and RUN. LIST to find the lowest
line number in the program. This number must be greater
than the last number of the first program.

It is good practice to renumber the appended program at
this time. RENUM 10000,10,10 and [ENTER] usually is
sufficient unless the highest number in the first program is

62 the RAINBOW January 1984

■Ill

,TM

Ml. Systems, Inc.
Colour Software Workbench

RAINBOW

The Colour Software Workbench (CSW) is a system of machine language programs lhat run on a 32K or 64K TRS-80 Color Computer Extended
Disk Basic System. It lets you develop machine language programs in a combination of Pascal and 6809 Assembler source languages. The 240 +
page CSW User's Guide that is included explains the fundamentals of the languages as well as how to use (he package.

Pari TWO of the CSW User's Guide provides you with the
background information needed to write programs using the Colour
Software Workbench,

Part ONE of the
CSW User's Guide
tells you how to use
all of the programs
in the Workbench.
This first part
contains one section
for each program.

TEXT EDITOR

• Screen Mode Editing

• Entering Text

• Finding Strings

• Changing Multiple String Occurrences

• Moving, Copying and Deleting Blocks of Text

• Reading, Writing and Merging Files From Tape and Disk

PASCAL COMPILER

• Specifying:

o Source from Tape, Disk or Keyboard

o Object and Listing to Tape, Disk, Screen or Printer

• Optional Symbol Table in the Object File for use by the Symbolic
Debugger

• Explanation of Source Listing Format

MACRO ASSEMBLER

• Specifying:

o Source from Tape or Disk

o Object and Listing to Tape, Disk, Screen or Printer

• Explanation of Source Listing Format

OBJECT LINKER

• Specifying:

o The Machine Language ORIGIN

o Listing to Tape, Disk, Screen or Printer

o Binary File on Disk

o Whether to use Pascal Runtime Library

o Whether to use Symbolic Debugger

SYMBOLIC DEBUGGER

• Setting and Clearing Breakpoints

• Displaying and Modifying 6809 and Graphics Registers

• Displaying and Modifying Memory

• Using Pascal Symbols

• Tracing Pascal Procedure Activations

• Viewing the User's (Graphic) Screen

• Using Symbols, Registers & Constants in Expressions

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"TRS-fitr and "Color Computer" are Trademarks ui TANDY Corporjiion

LEARNING EXERCISE

• Complete Pascal and Assembler Language Source

• Uses All Parts Of the Workbench

• Resulting Program is a Text Processor

PASCAL

• Describes Standard Language Elements Supported

• Constants Include Decimal and Hexadecimal Integers, ASCII
characters and strings

• Types Include:

o Integer, Char, Boolean, Enumerated, Subrange
o Multi- Dimensioned Arrays
o Records and Variant Records
o Sets of Up to 256 Elements
o Files

• PROCEDURES and FUNCTIONS with FORWARD

• Variables and LABELS

• Arithmetic, Boolean, and Set Expressions

• Statements: IF, WHILE, REPEAT, CASE, GOTO, EXIT, FOR,

BEGIN, assignment (: = )

• Input/Output: RESET, REWRITE, READLN, EOF, WRITE,

WRITELN, CLOSE, PAGE

• Built-in Functions and Procedures: ABS, CHR, CURSOR, ODD,

ORD, PRED, SUCC

ADVANCED PASCAL

• Strings Support: Assignment, Comparing, Concatenation

• String Procedures and Functions: STRINGCOPY, STRINGDELETE,
STRINGINSERT, STRINGPOS, HEX, ENCODE, DECODE

• Type Extensions for Structured Type Breaking

• Absolute Memory Access via Built-in WORD and BYTE Arrays

• ROM Routine Access via CALL Built-in Function

• Static and Public Variable Allocation

• Separate Compilation and Assembler Interface via INTERFACE,
EXTERNAL, and PUBLIC

• Listing and Multiple Source File Directives

• Explanation of Error Messages

6809 MACRO ASSEMBLER

• Motorola Compatible Source Conventions

• Macro Facility With up to 9 Macro Parameters

• Separate Compilation and Pascal Interface via PUBLIC and EXT
Directives

• Listing Control Directives

• Explanation of Error Messages

TECHNICAL NOTES

• CoCo ROM Compatibility

• Pascal Runtime Library Assembler Interface

• CSW Object File Format

Hi-resolution and 3-di-
mensional skeletal
graphics packages in-
cluded. This includes full
Pascal Si Assembler
source code. Includes:
HIRESCLEAR,
HIRESLINE,
GRAPHDISPLAY,
MOVESKELETON,
SHOWSKELETON

DEFT and "Colour Software Workbench" are Trademarks of DEFTSvstemv, Int.

greater than 10000.

It is also good practice to keep all your appending pro-
grams on one cassette tape; to put a "+" in front of the
program name; and to renumber all append programs so
their starting Line number is 10000. You will know that any
program with "+" in front of the title will begin with Line
number 10000 and is for appending purposes.

Did you remember to change Lines 10060 and 10070?

When the + TITLE program is renumbered, RUN and
follow the screen commands. Pick out a nice title for your
main program. Note: You can copy the three inputs down,
but once you get the hang of it, you should have no trouble
keeping it in your head. After the 1L red title" appears, note
the centering. If it looks right, [ENTER] and follow instruc-
tions. If you made a boo-boo [BREAK], and do it over.

Carefully retype Lines 10000— 10020, making sure you
put double quotation marks (") around the name of the title.
Then D ££10300- and RUN Your second program is now
completed. Note: Even though KOLARDES is in memory,
it is not disturbed when you RUN, LIST, RENUM the
+TITLE program.

Now key in the appropriate Line 5 from your reference
card. [ENTER]. Key in Line 6. [ENTER] and LIST. As the
listing fast scrolls up you should be able to spot line numbers
from both the main and the appended program and end with
Line 10080.

Both programs are now combined, but not quite inte-
grated to work as one unit.

The title of this program should appear first. Both pro-
grams have to be linked together. In this case, key in;

10 GOTO 10000

10100 GOTO 100

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You can see that we send the program to the title and after
the title is created and displayed, we return to CLSand begin
the main program.

RUN. It will work, but not as before! Can you figure out
what is different?

When you ran KOLARDES by itself, after about 20
beeps Line 150 recycled to a random color. After appending
the +TITLE program and linking them both together, Line
150 became inoperative and did not recycle after 20 beeps.
Can you determine why?

Variables are the culprits. When the same variable is used
in both programs, they may often be responsible for faulty
operation.

Looking over the two listings, we see that the variables
"T"and "Z"are used in both programs. Changing the varia-
ble "T" to "G" in Lines 10020 and 10050 did not correct the
problem. Changing the variable "Z" to "H" in Line 10080
solved the problem.

The variable "T"did have a minor but unimportant effect,
(Line 150). "R"from Line 145 could have been used in Line
1 50 to replace T." Why?

Now, you can add informational or instructional lines to
the title; hold it with //VPt/r'Press [ENTER]";01 or send it
to Line 100 after a few seconds with Line 10080.

Your program should be complete and work fine. You
can use +r/TL£with any program to add a title.

Be careful not to have the same line number in both
programs. For instance, you can't have two Line 1 00s or you
will drive the computer nuts.

Let's say for argument's sake that when you appended
+TITLE that you inadvertently had Line numbers 100; 1 10
and 1 20 at the beginning ai + TITLE. You did not notice this
until you completed the appending procedure and listed it.

To get rid of the three unwanted lines that lie in the
sequence:

200 NEXT K,J,: FOR P=l TO 1000:NEXT: GOTO 120

100 'LEFT IN BY MISTAKE

1 10 'Print

120 'Print

1 0000 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT:INPUT "YOUR TITLE";
Al$

1. Copy down the last line of the first program. (Line
210)

2. Copy down the first line of the second program which
you want to keep. {Line 10000)

3. <DEL210-10000>

4. Retype Lines 210 and 10000

The unwanted lines have gone bye-bye!

You've covered a lot of ground and added a new tool to
your repertoire. You should be proud because you came a
long way.

Listing 1

10080. . .0123
END . . . 02C1

lOOOO PRINT:PRINT: PRINT: INPUT"
YOUR TITLE" ;A1*

10G10 PRINT: INPUT" COUNT ALL LE
TTERS AND SPACES IN THE TITLE.

(IF RESULT IS AN ODD NUMBER, AD
D +1. DIVIDE THE RESULT BY 2.

the RAINBOW January 19S4

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16-l=";t

L="fL

10020 PRINT: INPUT'
10030 CLS

10040 FOR 1= 1 TO 6: PRINT: NEXT
10050 PRINT TAB<T>A1S
10060 PRINT TAB (10) "JOSEPH KOLAR
10070 PRINT T AB ( 7 > " INVERNESS, FL
OR I DA

100S0 SCREEN O, 1:F0R Z=I TO 1500
:NEXT

10300 PRINTS416," IF YOU ARE SA
TISFIED WITH THE TITLE, PRESS <E
NTER> ELSE PRESS < BREAK X RUN > AN
D TRY AGAIN. ";: INPUT 01
10310 CLS:PRINT:PRINT:PRINT" RE
TYPE LINES 1OO0O TO 10020. REME
MBER TO PLACE QUOTE MARKS AROU
ND YOUR TITLE IN LINE 10000.
10320 PRINT: PRINT" 10000 A1*=<Y0
UR TITLE) 10010 L=(LENB

TH/2) 10020 T=16-L.

10330 PRINT: PRINT" DELETE LINES
10300-10330 AND APPEND THIS TO
YOUR MAIN PRO- SRAM. DON'T F
ORGET TO LINK IT UP!

Listing 2
100 CLS

no J=0:K=o:zz=o

120 A=RND(63)-1:AA=RND(15>+1
130 B=RND(31)-i:BB=RND<31>
140 X=RND(B>: Y=RND(4>

145 R=RND<8>

146 M=R+4

150 Z = Z-t-1 : IF Z «"

CLS(T): GOTO 120

155 T=RND<8)

IF T=8 THEN
IF T=7 THEN
IF T=6 THEN
IF T=5 THEN
ZZ=Z-INT<Z/2>#2
IF T=3 THEN SOUND
IF T=2 THEN SOUND 159, M
IF T=l THEN SOUND 170, M
IF T =4 THEN PRINT @ 8,"
DESIGNS ";:SOUND 176, M
S - 1 TO 400: NEXT S

20 THEN Z=0:

SOUND
SOUND
SOUND
SOUND

89, M
108, M
125, M
133, M

147, M

KOL

156

157

15B

159

160

162

163

164

166

AR'S

167 FOR

170 FDR J = A TO B STEP < ( A>B> *2+

1>*X

180 FDR K=AA TO BB STEP < (AA>BB)

«2+l>*Y

190 ON ZZ GOTO 200: RESET(J,K):G

OTO 210

200 RESET ( J, K)

205 SET<J,K,Y)

210 NEXT K,J: FOR P=l TO 1000: NE

XT: GOTO 120

40 024A

90 03CD

END... 05FC

Listing 3

10 '***SEE TAKING 'BASIC, SEPT.
'83. THIS INFO WAS OMITTED AND
ADDED TO GIVE YOU SOME PRACTICE
IN COPYING LISTINGS EXACTLY AND
TO HAVE A LITTLE FUN ADDING AN-
OTHER BIT OF INFO TO YOUR EX-
PANDING ARSENAL OF KNOWLEDGE.
20 CLS

30 PRINT@34,"T0 UTILIZE THE 'IMA
G I NARY VERTICAL LINE' CONCEP
T TO NEATLYALLIGN THE ROWS IN A
PARAGRAPH, WHEN USING <PRINT@> S
TATEMENTS, DO THE FOLLOWING: "
40 PRINT@226>"IT IS ASSUMED YOU
WILL USE TWOSPACES TO INDENT THE

FIRST WORD OF THE SENTENCE OR P
ARAGRAPH. LINE LOCATION IS FOU
ND BY ADDING+2 TO THE FIRST PR IN
T@ SCREEN ROW LOCATION. <2ND R
0W=32+2) .

SO PRINT: INPUT" TO CONTINUE, PRE
SS <ENTER>";01

60 CLS:PRINT@64+2, "YOU MAY USE <
PRINTS32+2, > OR YOU MAY USE .
70 FRINTei62,"DQ NOT INCLUDE ANY

SPACES BE- TWEEN THE FIRST OUOT
E MARK AND THE FIRST LETTER OF
THE SENTENCEOR PARAGRAPH."
SO PRINT: PRINT: INPUT" TO CONTIN
UE PRESS <ENTER<";01
90 CLS:PRINT@34, "THE IMAGINARY L
INE WILL BE UN-DER THE <,>. ALL

FURTHER LINES IN THE PARAGRAPH
WILL FALL UNDERTHE < , >.
100 PRINT© 192+2, "REMEMBER, THE O
NLY LOCATION NUMBERS YDU WILL
USE TO FORMAT THE SENTENCE OR P
ARAGRAPH WITH ATWD SPACE INDENT A
TION WILL BE: 2; 34? 66; 98; 13
0; 162; 194; 226; 258; 290; 32
2; 354; 386; 418; 450; 482; "
110 PRINT: INPUT" TO CONTINUE PR
ESS < ENTER >" ;A1
120 CLS:PRINT@66, "NEARLY ALL THE

PROGRAM LINES IN THIS TUTORIAL

USE <PRINT<3>. YOU MAY COMPARE
THE LINES IN THELISTING WITH THE

DISPLAY.
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EDUCATION OVERVIEW

Of What Value Are Traditional

Skills In A Rapidly

Changing Culture?

By Michael Plog, Ph.D.

Rainbow
Contributing Editor

The January issue! 1 know you will get this magazine
before the end of December, so please let me take this
opportunity to say Merry Christmas and Happy New
Year. If you did not get something special for your Color
Computer for Christmas, why not buy yourself a present?
Now, let's get to a thought for this month's article.

Anytime a new technology is used in an educational set-
ting, familiar arguments are pulled from ancient storage
locations. When writing was first invented, many com-
plained that it would ruin the memory of youth. With the
advent of the typewriter, complaints about the loss of the art
of penmanship were heard. Ofcour.se, the arguments were
presented from the other side, also. What use is crowding the
mind with all that information that can be written and
reviewed anytime? What is the value of penmanship, espe-
cially If all that is needed is a signature at the bottom of a
letter?

In modern times, the calculator has probably caused the
greatest revival of this old argument, and the microcompu-
ter will be next. One side will note the declining skills; the
other side will ask the relevance of those skills.

This article is a response to a letter I received from Max
James, whose questions are used throughout. I am indebted

(Michael Plog received his Ph.D. degree from the
University of Illinois, (he M.S. from Memphis Stale
University, and the B. S. from the University of Ten-
nessee. For his foreign /research language option
required for the doctorate, he naturally selected com-
puter language. Michael currently works for the Illi-
nois State Board of Education as a research and eva-
luation specialist.)

to Mr. James for causing me to think hard about topics that
can frankly be uncomfortable.

Mr. James asked for my comments to a few questions: If
pocket calculators can perform all arithmetical operations,
why should students spend time learning arithmetical skills?
If an inexpensive microcomputer can solve algebra prob-
lems, why learn paper and pencil algebraic procedures? Is
there any justification for continuing to teach archaic sub-
jects, such as Roman numerals; square and cube root extrac-
tions; slide rule procedures; use of logarithms for multiply-
ing, dividing, raising to powers, etc.

Now do not misjudge Mr. James. Max is not a simple
malcontent. The man majored in math, minored in educa-
tion, obtained a M.A. degree, and made a living as an
electronics engineerand computer expert. The questions are
important, and will be addressed in and out of the educa-
tional community for months to come. Mr. James only got
to these questions before others did,

1 must admit that my major was not math; I know a little
about the subject, but am far from an expert, 1 think, how-
ever, the basic questions can be asked for any field of study,
not simply mathematics.

For some questions discussed here, there is no justifica-
tion, but a possible explanation. Teachers tend to teach
what they know, and further, leach it the way they were
taught. This causes a certain amount of inertia in curricu-
lum, I will say that it is to the credit of American public
schools that this inertia is not greater than it is. Some
subjects (penmanship being one example) gradually fall
from use and gently disappear. My aunts write beautifully:
they had to pass penmanship when they were in school. My
handwriting (we do not even call it penmanship anymore) is
horrible; I used a typewriter in high school.

the RAINBOW January 1984

I imagine that some subjects, such as the use of a slide rule
and cube root extractions, will follow the same path as
penmanship, and gradually disappear from schools, except
for those classes in the theory and history of mathematics.

There is more to this debate and sincere questioning,
however, than inertia. The definition of "education 1 ' is based
on expectations of society. Our current society places no
value on ability to form tools from pieces of Hint. Yet, in
Neanderthal society, and even before, a young person's
education would be incomplete without this skill. I can
imagine an old stone knapper saying to a young, clumsy
pupil, "Well, it may be functional. You can cut with it, but
your lines show a lack of grace!" Yes, the stone tools were
artistic as well as useful. Sort of like a teacher today telling a
student, "Your program will do thejob, but it could be done
with greater ease (and, yes, beauty) if you used a FORj
NEXT loop here."

We likewise have no need of recognizing poison plants,
like some cultures today making a living by hunting and
gathering. Wc simply have little need in our world of know-
ing such things.

But, knowledge of some information is expected, and
considered necessary by the majority of members of our
society, to operating within the cultural structure. For
example, arithmetic skills fall in this category. In some
societies, of course, addition (which is really nothing more
than counting) is not important. Number systems go some-
thing like, "One, two, three, many." Another example of
knowledge considered essential in our society is elementary
facts about an internal combustion engine. Even people who
never drive know that a car needs gas and oil, and cannot be
driven on a flat tire.

Every society I know of includes history as one of the
major things to know. A sense of belonging to some larger
structure (country, philosophy) may not be restricted to the
human species, but is certainly present in the entire range of
social structures on the planet today.

There are other "expected" skills and knowledge that
must be mastered before members of a culture are willing to
admit the young to adult status. We will not discuss all of
them here.

In the future, computer skills may bejust as accepted and
expected as math skills are now. At the moment, however,
we are in transition. And societal transition takes a long
time. The transition takes two forms. One group will speak
of important things that are missing (but should not be)
from schools. We are now seeing a wide range of people —
not just computer nuts discussing seriously the need for
knowledge about computers for tomorrow's citizens. The
second group of people are represented by the questions
asked by Mr. James: Why arc archaic topics so heavily
present in schools'?

Expectations of society is not totally the answer, but is the
most powerful explanation I can offer. A person without the
minimum elements of expected knowledge is hampered in
almost all communication with other members of the cul-
ture. Naturally, in a pluralistic society such as ours, the
expectations vary not only from one group to another, but
among members of the same group. Schools have to fit the
expectations of the major forces in the society, and please
important minorities. At this particular time, the computer
evangelist (1 admit 1 fit this category) may he in a minority,
but certainly growing in importance.

1 may not have provided a justification for the questions
asked by Mr. James. The explanation may be all there is;
perhaps there is no reasonable justificaiton. As an educator.

I accept certain principles as assumptions. In mathematics,
there are several assumptions that cannot be proved, but
have to be accepted in order for the entire field of study to
work properly. Well, in a similar manner, I have certain
assumptions about education.

An ed ucated person is one who knows why things work.
We (as a culture) need some people who know why arith-
metic works, so the rest of us can use it. We need some
people who know why computers work, so the rest of us can
enjoy the use of our electronic tools. The more areas I know
how things work, the less ignorant 1 am. It is the job of
education (another assumption on my part) to reduce ignor-
ance in as many areas as possible.

Mr. James, 1 hope this response at least partially addresses
your questions. You have provided me with something to
think about, and made me wonder and work a little. Thank
you for helping my education.

On to another topic, we owe congratulations to William
Gattis. He has recently been promoted to Vice President,
Radio Shack Education Division. Mr. Gattis helped imple-
ment the Tandy Educational Grants program (which has
awarded about $600,000 worth of products to non-profit
institutions). He also designed and introduced the Tandy
program offering basic and general introduction courses
provided free to educators. Good job. Bill.

See you next month. Until then, keep on thinking about
education.

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Pulse System $69. 95
Blood Pressure System $175. 00

Send Check or Money Order to:

■I E l| 1 1 !l ElJShrJSS S^JSlfS II Vl 1(3.

167 Moore Road • Weymouth Industrial Park
Weymouth, MA 02189

R It: oil Pressure

Pulses

SYSTEMS

Yes. I want

And I realize I have a 30 Day Monty Back Guarantee
Name

Address

City

Stale Zin

Mass residents add 5% sales lax

January 1984 the RAINBOW 69

[he

ram

. RAINBOW

Losing This Action 'Pac'ed'
Game Is A Real 'Pill'

By Martin S. Montes

k3,

££ £|"^ hort and sweet" is the old adage describing quick
> action with good results. Such is the case withlhis
'pill-swallowing game called Pac Em. The pro-
gram is short and the game play is oh so sweet.

When typed in the 80C and RUN, the game provides you
with a delectable platter of fuel pills. You are the large empty
circle on the screen and your adversary is the large solid dot
on the screen. Your objective is to eat all the pills on the
screen by moving yourself overthem using the four direction
arrows. Avoid your adversary though, his only intent is to
swallow you whole and end the game.

If you maneuver carefully and swallow all your pills, you
get a fresh but larger screen of pills. As you eat the pills your
fuel increases. The solid pills contain extra fuel but be sure
you get to them before your foe does to enjoy their full
potential. Your fuel is gauged by the solid bar on the bottom
of the screen. Moving in any direction uses fuel. Running
out of fuel ends the game.

If your enemy gels wise to your gobble pattern, leave some
"nuke-poo" in his path to slow him down. The more nuke-
poo you leave for him, the longer he stays paralyzed when he

(Mar! in S. Montes is a civil engineer working for I he
Army Corps of Engineers in Fort Worth. He currently
heads a company called Assembly Lines Inc., a Dal-
las/ Fort Worth firm that leeches individuals, in their
own home or business, how to custom program their
computers in basic .)

eats it. To dispense nuke-poo, merely press the space bar.
Note — leaving nuke-poo decreases your fuel.

<$^r

The listing:

0158

180 032F

310 0518

END , . . 0725

io cls:pmode 4, i:pcls: screen i,i

20 CLEAR: DIM P(20,20),K*(4>,B<20

,20): POKE 65495,0

30 K*(1)=CHR*<9):K*<2)=CHR*<94):

K*<3)=CHR*(S) :K*(4)=CHR*(10)

40 X=8:Y=6:F=50

50 PCLS:IX=INT<256/(X+1)>: IY-INT

(182/ (Y+l) >

60 LINE (3,3)-<252,3),PSET:LINE

-(252,178) ,PSET: LINE -(3, 178), PS

ETrLINE -(3,3),PSET

70 LINE (20,182)-(20,190),PSET:L

INE -<F,190) ,PSET:LINE -IF, 182),

PSETILINE -(20,182) ,PSET: PAINT <

21, 185), 1

80 DZ=2+(X+Y>/10

90 N=X*Y

100 FOR 1=1 TO X:FOR 3=1 TO Y:CI

RCLE (IX*I,IY*J),3:Ba § J)=0: IF R

the RAINBOW January 1984

LINE

DESCRIPTION

Set up the high resolution mode

200

Eat all that pill's fuel, decrease fuel

K$ array holds 4 arrow keys P matrix

gauge line by subroutine 210.

holds fuel units gained for landing on

230

Get a key from the keyboard, if a space

that spot.

bar then leave "nuke-poo" at your pres-

B matrix holds "nuke-poo" units dis-

ent location (Increment B matrix).

pensed at that spot.

240-270

Find out which arrow key was pressed.

Assign your arrow keys

280-310

Change present coordinates of yourself

Start with an 8 by 6 matrix & 50 fuel

and check for possible wraparound.

units.

320

Erase and redraw yourself at a new

Find out the pixel spacing between pills,

location.

(X & Y)

330

Assign new pixel coordinate for enemy.

Draw screen border.

340

See if had any fuel under enemy (P

Draw fuel gauge strip.

Matrix)

Set dizziness factor for your opponent.

350

Find direction (+, - orO) of enemy, rela-

higher the DZ, the faster he moves.

tive to your position on the screen.

Find the starting number of pills.

360

See if your enemy swallowed too much

100

Draw a fresh screen of pills and give

"nuke-poo" and cannot move (GOTO

some pills bonus fuel potential by let-

400}

ting P matrix equal RND(23).

370

See if enemy moves towards you in the

120

Starting direction of your travel.

X direction.

130

Starting location of you (X0 & Y0) and

380

Or in the Y direction

your opponent (XI & Yl).

390

Give enemy his new pixel coordinates.

140

Make sure the startingdistance between

400

Draw the enemy on the screen, fill him

you and your opponent is not too close.

with white.

150

Draw both you and your opponent on

410

If any bonus fuel was under the enemy.

the screen, paint your opponent a solid

reduce it to 1 fuel unit.

white.

420

If your coordinates and your enemy's

160

Check if any fuel was gained on your

are the same, then you have been eaten.

last jump.

Increase fuel amount by number

430

See if enemy landed on some "nuke-

170

poo", if so then decrease variable DZ,

of fuel units in that pill, see if all pills

making him less active.

have been eaten.

440

Make enemy a little more active.

180

Assign present location (in pixels) to

helps him recover from eating "nuke-

variables A & B.

poo."

190

Erase that fuel pill by painting it black.

450

Start next move.

460

End the game and score.

ND(X+Y>=1 THEN P( I , J) =RND (23) : PA

INT <IX*I, IY*J>, HSOUND P(I, J)*l

0,1 ELSE P<I»J)=l:PLAY"L220;A"

110 NEXTJ,I

120 dx=o:dy=o

130 xo=rnd(x»:yo=rnd<y>;xl=rnd<x

>:yi=rndcy>

140 IF ABS(X0-X1><4 OR ABS<YO-Yl

)<4 THEN 130

150 CIRCLE <X0#IX,Y0#IY>,6:CIRCL

E (X1*IX,Y1*IY>,7:PAINT <Xl*IX+4

,Yi*IY), 1IPAINT <X1#IX+4,Y1*IY>,

160 IF P<XO,YO>=0 THEN 180

170 FOR 1=1 TO P<XO,YO):PLAY "LI

70 1 "+STR*< INT < 1/2+1 > > :F=F+1 : LINE

(F, 182>-<F, 190), PSET: NEXT I : T=T+

P(XO,YO>:N=N-l:IF N=0 THEN X=X+1

:Y=y+1:boto so

180 a=xo*ix:b=yo*iy

190 if p(xo,yo)<>0 then paint (a

,B),l: PAINT (A,B>,0

200 P(XO,YO)=0:GOSUB 210:G0T0220
210 LINE <F, 182>-<F, 190), PRESET:
F=F-1:PLAY"L150JC":IF F=19 THEN
PRINTS 170, "OUT OF FUEL": GOTO 460

ELSE RETURN
220 REM

230 A*=INKEY*:IF A*=" " THEN B(X
0,YO)=B(XO, Y0)+3:PLAY"V3O;L2OO;0
15G": PSET < A+RND <5> -3, B+RND <5> -3)
IGOSUB 210: GOTO 230 ELSE IF A*="
" THEN 280
240 IF A*=K*<1>
OTO 2BO

250 IF A*-K*<2>
GOTO 280
260 IF A*-K*<3>
GOTO 280

270 IF A*=K«(4> THEN
2SO XO=XO+DX:IF xo=o
290 IF XO>X THEN XO«*l
300 YO=YO+DY: IF YO=0 THEN YO=Y
310 IF YO>Y THEN YO=l

THEN DX=l:DY=0:G

THEN DY— l:DX»0:

THEN DX — 1:DY»0:

DY-l:DX-0
THEN XO=X

January 1984 (he RAINBOW 71

320 CIRCLE <A,B>, 6,0: CIRCLE <X0*

IX,Y0*IY>,6

330 A=X1*IX:B=Y1*IY: PAINT (A+4,B

),0

340 IF P<Xi,Yl)<>0 THEN CIRCLE (

A,B>,3

EX=SSN ( XO-X 1 ) : EY=S6N ( YO-Y 1 >
IF RND(DZ)<=1 THEN 400
IF RND(2)=1 THEN IF X1+EX>0
Xl+EX<=X THEN X1=X1+EX:B0T0

350
360
370
AND
390
380 IF Y1+EY>0 AND Y1+EY<=Y THEN

Y1=Y1+EY
390 A=X1*IX:B=Y1*IY
400 CIRCLE (A,B>,7:PAINT (A+4,B>

410

420

1-1

RRY

430

:DZ-D2/B(Xi,Yi>:B(Xl,Yl)-0

440 DZ=DZ+. 1

450 BOTO 160

460 PRINT@325, "YOU SCORE " T " PO I NT

IF P(X1,Y1>>0 THEN P<X1,Y1)=

IF
TO

X1=X0 AND Y1=Y0 THEN FOR
1000:NEXT I:PRINTa266,"S0

" : SOUND 1 , 30: GOTO 460

IF B<X1,Y1X>0 THEN FOR I»l
B < X 1 , Y 1 > *4 : PLAY " L200 ; A " : NEXT I

About Your Subscription

Your copy of the RAINBOW is sent second class
mail and, for subscribers in the United States, the date
of mailing is printed on the label. If you do not receive
your copy by the 25th of any month, send us a card and
we will mail another immediately via first class mail.

You must notify us of a new address when you
move. Notification should reach us no later than the
15th of the month prior to the month in which you
change your address. Sorry, we cannot be responsible
for sending another copy when you fail to notify us.

Your mailing label also shows an "account number"
and the subscription expiration date. Please indicate
this account number when renewing or corresponding
with us. It will help us help you better and faster.

For Canadian and other non-U. S. subscribers, there
may be a mailing address shown that is different from
our editorial office address. Do not send any corres-
pondence to that mailing address. Send it to our edi-
torial offices at P.O. Box 209, Prospect, KY 40059.
This applies to everyone except those whose subscrip-
tions are through our distributor in Australia.

EASY TO USE

ON-SCREEN EDITING via cursor.
Full prompting and error checking.
Key Beep and Error Beebop. Scroll
bkwd/fwd while on line. Save/load
tiles while on line. Maintain a disk
copy of session. Automatic graph-
ics. True lower case. Screen widths
of 32, 40, 42, 50, 64. No split words
on screen/printer. Print all or part of
text. Search for strings. Well written
manual goes step : by-step and has
many KSM examples. Back cover is
a cheat sheet.

RECOMMEND 32K to 64K
EASY UPGRADE
Price Difference +$13

AUTOTERM

TURNS YOUR COLOR COMPUTER INTO THE

WORLDS
SMARTEST TERMINAL!

YOU'LL ALSO USE AUTOTERM FOR SIMPLE
WORD PROCESSING & RECORD KEEPING

PLEASANTLY POWERFUL

Total communications ability, 128
ASCII chars, 1200 baud, etc. Send
text, graphics, BASIC, ML. Scan/
Edit current data while receiving
more data. Any modem. Fully
supports DC. Hayes and others.
Any printer, page size, margins,
etc. Override narrow text width of
received data. Examine/change
parameters, KSMs and disk direc-
tories at any time. Handles files
which are larger than memory.

CASSETTE $39.95
DISKETTE $49.95

Add $3 shipping and handling

MC/V1SA/C.O.D.

TRULY AUTOMATIC

Create, edit, print, save and load
Keystroke Multipliers (KSMs).
KSMs automate almost any activ-
ity. Dial via modem, sign-on,
interact, sign-off. Perform entire
session. Act as a message taker.
KSM may include parameter
changes, disk operations, editing,
time delays, looping, execution of
other KSMs, waiting for part-
specified responses, branching
based upon responses.

PXE Computing

11 Vlcksburg Lane

Richardson, Texas 75060

214/699-7273

the RAINBOW January 1984

Upgrade Your Color Gomputer
With A Keylranic Yefaml.

Simple to install in your TRS-80
Color Computer*. A high-quality
Replacement Keyboard from Key
Tronic . , . the world's leading
keyboard manufacturer for
computer terminals.

FEATURES

• 15-20% higher data input rate compared
to standard color computer keyboard.

• User programmable function key.

• Familiar typewriter layout.

• Complete legend description.

• High reliability- keys do not stick or jam.

Additional features include — high spring
force on "clear" and "break" keys to
prevent entry errors, full sculptured keytop
array with low profile keytops, and
locating "pips" on home row keys.

ORDERING INFO:
Suggested Retail Price: $89.95, includes
plug adapter, part #500c, for models
produced after Oct. "82 (Rev F and
later). To order Model KB-500caIl Toll Free:
1-800-262-6006 for the retailer closest to
you (7 am- 3pm Pacific Time), Warranty
information may be obtained free of charge by
writing to the address below.

1EK

HAM

Radie/haek

GCJLOH
COMPUTER

ITIBBBBBBDeBB
* 0DDBDDD000B6I

< OBSBBDBDBBjHI

key tronic

'Radio Shack is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp.

1IM

THE RESPONSIVE KEYBOARD COMPANY Dept. E2 • P.O. Box 14687 "Spokane, Washington 99214 USA
RETAILERS: For the Distributor in your area, call Toll Free 1-800-262-6006 Dept. D (7. am— 3 pm Pacific Time)

UTILITY

B y

R a y

Would you like another 8K. of memory available
from Extended BASIC? This machine language
utility program relocates BASIC and Extended
BASIC into the 64K RAM chips. Once this is done you have
the choice of regular 32K or 40K RAM, Map 1 ,

This program will only work on a computer with the
completed 64 K upgrade and I don't think it will work with a
disk system. The famous speed up {POKE 65495.0) will not
work.

All BASIC and Extended BASIC commands will function
normally; however, some machine language programs may
crash. The only way to tell is to try them.

32K Extended basic Mode

If you choose the 32K mode, all BASICand most, if not all,
machine language programs will run as normal. Since the
ROMs are now in RAM they can be altered. As an example,
try POA*£7ngdifferent values into memory location 41384.
This has an effect on the cursor. You might also try POKE-
ing values into 41805 and then listing a program. You will
find the screen scroll has been altered. Some commands
have already been changed by the utility, more on this later.
The 32K mode can be useful for making backup copies of
ROM Packs since this area is also copied to the 64K chips,

40K Extended basic Mode

When this option is chosen, Extended BASIC is moved to
high RAM starting at 57088 and ending at 65279. This still
leaves the memory from 49152 to 57087 free for your own
machine language utility use. BASIC RAM work-space now
ends at 40960. This utility program changes all of the ROM "s
long branches, jumps, and tables to correspond to its new
location. When you PRINT MEM, you will get a value of
33063, and after a PCLEAR I command you should have
37671 bytes available. These values are 8192 bytes larger
than normal, reflecting the new BASIC RAM work space.
Some BASIC programs will have to be modified to utilize this

(For the past 17 years, Ray has been involved in the
performing and visual arts as a professional musician
and a studio poller, Three years ago he caught the
computer bug and is now taking a computer engineer-
ing course at Sauli College.)

additional memory, this usually means changingthe CLEAR
command by 8192.

Command Changes

The utility is set up to make three changes to the BASIC
ROM routines. The first allows you to use the PCLEAR
command. This keeps the basic program buffer intact and
causes free memory to increase to 39207. If you then
CLEAR you get another 200 bytes for a total of 39407,
almost 40K. It should be noted that with the first graphics
page now available for program storage, a PCLS statement,
or for that matter any Hi-Res graphics command, will des-
troy your basic program. For this reason, this statement is
most useful for database and non-hi-resolution graphic pro-
grams. The CLOAD command has been altered slightly.
When an I/O error is encountered, the audio is no longer
turned off automatically. This is to allow easier tape
searches. The last change made to BASIC is in the working of
the trace function, TRON. I have replaced the square
brackets "[ ]" with minus signs "-". This change makes the
reading of a trace much easier.
Machine Language Utility

This program was written using Radio Shack's excellent
EDTASM+ ROM Pak. You should be able to enter the
code (Listing I ) with other editor/ assemblers as long as they
use standard 6809 mnemonics and assembler directives. The
program originates at 3 1 744, but can be re-assembled to any
location that you wish. This code is not position independ-
ent. Save the source code for further reference and the
assembled code for immediate use. Be sure there are no
errors or omissions. A small error could go unnoticed and
cause problems later. For those without assemblers, enter
the basic code (Listing 2) and run it. Follow the instructions
for saving the completed ML code. This is what you will
later CLOADM and EXEC. When the utility is executed,
any basic programs in memory are deleted, as this is the
same as a cold start power up.

Listing I:

7C00

00100

ORB *7C00

7C0O BD ft928

00200 CLS

JSR tAttB

the RAINBOW January 1984

64K
ECB

the 1
RAINBOW

-/- -\

G a

v r e a

00300 *ROM TO RAM MOVE

7C49 27

04100

BEQ GETA

00400

7C4B AD

9F A002

04200

JSR C*A002]

7C03 1A

00500

ORCC 1150

7C4F 20

04300

BRA PQUE

7C05 8E

8000

00600

LDX 1*8000

7C51 AD

9F AOOO

04400 GETA

JSR CIAOOO]

7C0B EC

00700 ROMV

LDD ,X

7C55 27

04500

BEQ GETA

7C0A B7

FFDF

00800

STA IOFFDF

7C57 BD

A928

04600

JSR *A928

7C0D ED

00900

STD ,X+f

7C5A 81

04700

CMPA #*31

7C0F B7

FFDE

01000

STA *OFFDE

7C5C 27

04800

BEQ FKRAM

7C12 8C

FEFE

01100

CMPX MOFEFE

7C5E 81

04900

CMPA **32

7C15 26

01200

BNE ROMV

7C60 26

05000

BNE RAMRAM

7C17 B7

FFDF

01300

STA *OFFDF

05100 *32K JUMP

01400 *SET TO ALLOW PCLEARO

05200

01500

7C62 8E

0000

05300

LDX 1*0

7C1A CC

1212

01600

LDD #$1212

7C65 1C

05400

ANDCC #*AF

7C1D FD

968F

01700

STD *96BF

7C67 7E

8002

O550O

JMP $8002

7C20 FD

96A3

01800

STD *96A3

05600 «40K

.OOP TO RELOCATE RAM

7C23 FD

96A5

01900

STD J96A5

7C6A 8E

3430

05700 FKRAM

LDX 1*3430

02000 *DISABLE AUDIQOFF ON ERR

7C6D BF

80EB

05800

STX *80ES

02100

7C70 8E

8000

05900

LDX 1*8000

7C26 FD

AC4F

02200

STD *AC4F

7C73 108E DFOO

06000

LDY l*DFOO

7C2? B7

AC51

02300

STA *AC51

7C77 EC

06100 MLOOP

LDD ,X

02400 *CHAN6E TRON [] TO -

7C79 6F

06200

CLR ,X++

02500

7C7B ED

06300

STD ,Y++

7C2C 86

02600

LDA t$2D

7C7D BC

AOOO

06400

CMPX #*A0OO

7C2E B7

82E3

02700

STA *82E3

7CS0 26

06500

BNE MLOOP

7C31 B7

82ED

02800

STA *82ED

06600 *RESET

2 DISPATCH TABLES

02900 *CHANGE EX-BASIC HEADING

06700

03000

7C82 8E

EOFO

06800 DISPT1

LDX ItOEOFO

7C34 8E

7DD7

03100

LDX IMESSG

7CS5 A6

06900 DL00P1

LDA ,X

7C37 108E 80E8

03200

LDY t*S0E8

7C87 8B

07000

ADDA t*5F

7C3B A6

03300 CHEAD

LDA ,n

7C89 A7

07100

STA ,X++

7C3D 27

03400

BEQ RAMRAM

7C8B 8C

El IE

07200

CMPX #*0E11E

7C3F A7

03500

STA ,Y+

7C8E 26

07300

BNE DL00P1

7C41 20

03600

BRA CHEAD

7C90 8E

E157

07400 DISPT2

LDX #*0E157

03700 »DEC2DE ON 32K OR 40K

7C93 A6

07500 DL00P2

LDA ,X

03800

7C95 8B

07600

ADDA l*5F

7C43 108E

7E2A

03900 RAMRAM

LDY IQUEST

7C97 A7

07700

STA ,X++

7C47 A6

04000 PQUE

LDA ,Y+

7C99 BC

E173

O780O

Januar

CMPX »*0E173

y 1984 the RAINBOW 75

WIN $$$ in the
Junior's Revenge Playoff!!

32K Cass S 28 9S
32K Disk S 31 9S

Contest Rules

COLORBOWL
FOOTBALL

Big League graphics! 2
players challenge each
other or 1 can practice
offense against the
computer. 7 defensive & 8
offensive ptays plus many
formations.

To enter, send the following to Computerware's Junior's
Revenge Playoff, Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024. Entries must
be postmarked on or before February 28. 1984.

(1) A photograph of Junior's Revenge high score screen.

(2) A copy of your receipt for Junior's Revenge from Com-
puterware or an authorized Compulerware dealer. The
name on the receipt must be the same as the entrant
or the entry will be disqualified.

Winners will be determined to be the three highest scores
and will receive:

1st Place (top score) S150 gift certificate

for Computerware software
2nd Place (second highest) ....... .$100 gift certificate

for Computerware software

3rd Place (third highest) $ 50 gift certificate

for Computerware software
Winners will be notified by certified mall and announced in
the May 1983 issue of Rainbow Magazine.

UTERWARE '

P.O. Box 886 • EncMtM, C* 82024
IBIS) 438-3612

Mill to: COMPUTERWARE*

P.O. Box 688 • Dapt. K2
Enclnllu, CA 92024 • (810) 436-3S12

32K Cass
32K Disk

s 2 e«

»29 ,s

AND MORE: Mark Data, Tom Mix, Frank Hogg,
Botek, Kraft, WICO, Star Kits, Dugger's Growing
System, Amdek, Signalman, C. Itoh, Compu-
Serve, Comrex, Taxan, Gorilla & More! Books
Galore! Largest selection of CoCo Products
from One Company!

DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED

Computerware is p federally registered I rude mark of Computerware,

DESCRIPTION

QUANT

PRICE

TOTAL

MASTERCARD C

"SHIP & TAX
CHECK D T ° T * L

CARD ■

NAME

CHY —

SIGNATURE

■ Snipping, undai siqo _ a dd 12 lurtiGt, 13 uttGmoaai
Ovsr 1100 — «dd 2% lurfKft, 5V* J.r.'CBr.irti
Clllf i««nli KM IV. Ulll tax.

7C9C 26

07900

BNE DL0GP2

08000 mm to chng addresses

OfllOO

7C9E 8E

DFOO

08200 CHNS

LDK ttDFOO

7CH1 10BE 7D33

08300

LD¥ ILIST

7CA5 A4

08400 CLOOP

LDA ,X+

7CA7 81

08500

CHPA USE

7CA9 27

0B40O

BES I KIT

7CAB 81

08750

CHPA IIOBD

7CAD 27

08800

BES I NIT

7CAF 81

08900

CHPA IIOCE

7CB1 27

09000

BEQ IH1T

7CB3 Bl

09100

CHPA II7E

7CB5 27

09200

BEQ IHIT

7CB7 SI

09300

CHPA Mil

7CB9 27

09400

BEB SPECL

7CBB BC

FEFF

09500 COMMON

CHPX IIFEFF

7CBE 27

09400

BEQ ENDPRT

7CE0 AC

09700

CHP.| ,Y

7CC2 24

09800

BNE CLOOP

7CC4 31

09900

LEAV Z,V

7CC4 30

10000

LEAK [,Y]

7CCB 31

10100

LEAV 2,V

7CCA 30

10200

LEAK 1,X

7CCC 20

10300

BRA CLOOP

7CCE 20

10400 ENDPRT

BRA LONBR

10500 (SPECIAL CASES

10400

7CD0 A4

10700 SPECL

LDA ,U

7CD2 Bl

10800

cmpa mi

7CD4 24

10900

BNE COMMON

7CD4 A4

11000 ENIT

LDA ,K

7CD8 81

11100

CNPA 1180

7CDA 25

11200

BLO COMMON

7CDC Bl

11300

CNPA II9F

7CBE 22

11400

BHI COMMON

7CE0 SB

11500

ADDA II5F

7CE2 A7

11400

STA ,X++

7CE4 20

11700

BRA COMMON

11800 *CHNB LOWS BR OFFSETS

11900

7CE4 BE

7D59

12000 LONBR

LDK tLTABLE

7CE9 84

12100

LDA II5F

7CEB B7

7B32

1 2200

STA TEMPO

7CEE 70

7D32

12300 MEG

NE6 TEMPO

7CF1 A4

12400 LBRDGP

LDA [,I1

7CF3 BB

7D32

12500

ADDA TEMPO

7CF4 A7

12400

STA t,Xl

7CFB 30

12700

LEAX 2,1

7CFA BC

7DA3

12800

CHPX 12+MIDTBL

7CFD 27

12900

BES KEG

7CFF ac

7DD7

13000

CMPK 12+ENDTBL

7D02 24

13100

BNE LBROOP

13200 tflOP UP AOOO BASIC ROM

13300

7D04 8E

A0B1

13400

LDK IIA0D1

7D07 B4

13500

LDA 11 7E

7BC9 A7

13400

STA ,X*

7D0B K

DF02

13700

LDD II0DF02

7D0E ED

13B00

STD .1

7D10 86

13900

LDA «9F

7D12 B7

BC85

14000

STA IBCS5

7D15 8E

A084

14100

LDK IIA0B4

7D1B CC

8E9F

14200

LDD II8E9F

7D1B ED

14300

STD ,X++

7D1D CC

FE7E

14400

LDD «FE7E

7D20 ED

14500

STD ,X++

7D22 CC

A093

14600

LDD IIA093

7D25 ED

14700

STD ,X

7D27 4F

14800

CLRA

7D28 97

14900

STA $71

15000 *40K JUMP

15100

7D2A 8E

0000

15200

ldx m

7D2D 1C

15300

ANDCC IIAF

7D2F 7E

A027

15400
15500

JMP *A027

15600 CHAIN PROBRftM END IS HERE

15700

7D32

15800 TENPG

RHE 101

15900 *LIST OF AREAS TO 5KIPP

14000

7D33

DFDA

16100 LIST

FDB IODFDA

7D35

E03B

16200

FDB I0E03B

7D37

E083

16300

FDB (0E0B3

7D39

E173

16400

FDB I0E173

7D3B

E2AB

16500

FDB I0E2AB

7D3D

E344

16600

FDB I0E346

7D3F

E3C4

16700

FDB I0E3C4

7D41

E3F1

16800

FDB I0E3F1

^COMPUTER

CASSETTE

ALL COMPUTERS

INCLUDING EPSON
MICRO CASSETTES

100% GUARANTEED

CALL: 213/882-5210

/Ibbey

9525 Vassar Ave.#R1,
Chatsworth, CA 91311

January 1984 the RAINBOW 77

7D4!

EBOB

16900

FDB IOE80B

7D45

E80F

17000

FOB I0E80F

7D47

FIDO

17100

FDB *0F1DD

7D49

F1E5

17200

FDB I0F1E5

7D4B

F406

17300

FDB *0F406

7D4D

F60E

17400

FDB I0F4OE

7D4F

FB5B

17500

FBB tOFBSB

7D5I

FBB6

17600

FDB I0FBB6

7D53

FD79

17700

FDB I0FD79

7D55

FDAO

17B00

FDB $OFBA0

7D57

FEFF

17900

FDB tOFEFF

18000 *LIST OF

10NB BRANCHES

1 = 100

7D59

DFAE

18200 LTftBLE

FDB IDFAE

7D5B

EOFfl

1B3O0

FDB tEOFA

7DSD

E220

19400

FDB IE220

7D5F

£232

18500

FDB »E232

7D61

E24F

18600

FDB IE24F

7D63

E29E

1B700

FDB t£29E

7D65

E34B

1BS00

FDB IE34B

7D67

E379

18900

FDB IE379

7D69

E3C1

19000

FDD IE3C1

7D6B

E441

19100

FDB »E441

7D4D

E4FC

19200

FDB IE4FC

7D6F

£704

19300

FDB IE704

7D71

E73A

19400

FDB *E73A

7D73

E7EA

19500

FDB (E7EA

7D75

ES72

19600

FDB *EB72

7D77

EB40

19700

FDB $EB40

7D79

EB68

19BO0

FDB $EB68

7D7B

EB79

1990O

FDB $EB79

7D7I

EBfiF

20000

FDB $EBAF

7D7F

EBE8

201O0

FDB tEBEB

7D81

ECBB

20200

FBB tECBB

7DS3

EEA9

20300

FDB 4EEA9

7DBS

F220

20400

FDB IF220

7D87

F293

20500

FDB tF293

7DB9

F2E4

20600

FDB JF2E4

7D8B

F314

20700

FDB tF314

7D8D

F31fl

20BO0

FDB *F3lft

7D8F

F35C

20900

FDB IF35C

7D9i

F461

21000

FDB IF461

7D93

F7DB

21100

FDB IF7DB

7D95

F8CB

21200

FDB *F8CB

7D97

F8D5

21300

FDB IFBD5

7D99

F941

21400

FDB »F941

7D9B

F9D8

21500

FDB IF9D8

7D9D

FB45

21600

FDB IFB45

7D9F

FE03

21700

FDB JFE03

7DA1

FE3F

21B00 M1DTBL

FDB *FE3F

21900 tTHESE TO BE INCREASED

22000

7DA3

DFDF

22100

FDB *ODFDF

7DA5

DFEi

22200

FDB tODFEl

7DA7

DFE4

22300

FDB tODFE6

7DA9

DFE4

22400

FDB I0DFE4

7DAB

F19C

22500

FDB J0F19C

7DAD

F19E

22400

FDB *0F19E

7DAF

FlflO

22700

FDB *0F1A0

7DB1

F1A2

22800

FDB I0F1A2

the RAINBOW January 1994

7DB3

F1A4

22900

FDB tOFlM

7DB5

F38A

23000

FDB *0F38ft

7DB7

F3BC

23100

FDB I0F3BC

7DB9

F38E

23200

FDB I0F3BE

7DBB

F390

23300

FDB $0F390

7DBD

F392

23400

FDB I0F392

7DBF

E37B

23500

FDB I0E37B

7DC1

F739

23600

FDB J0F739

7DC3

F73B

23700

FDB $0F73B

7DC5

F73E

23800

FDB tOF73E

7DC7

F740

23900

FDB *0F740

7DC9

F743

24000

FDB «OF743

7DCB

F745

24100

FDB *0F745

7DCD

F748

2420O

FDB I0F74B

7DCF

F74A

24300

FDB IOF74A

7DD1

F74D

24400

FDB I0F74D

7DD3

F74F

24500

FDB IOF74F

7DD5

FCii

24600 ENDT8L

FDB I0FC11

24700 tTHINBS FOR THE SCREEN

24800

7DD7

24900 HESSB

FCC /32K RGM-ftflM/

7DE2

ODOD

25000

FDB $ODOD

7DE4

25100

FCC /VERSION 1,1 1983 BY
RAY 6AUVREAU/

7E04

25200

FCC /EXTENDED BASIC /

7E14

25300

FCB IOD

7E15

25400

FCC /NON IN 44K RAH NODE/

7E28

25500

FCB m

7E29

256O0

FCB 10

7E2A

25700 QUEST

FCC /PRESS 1 FDR 40K
2 FOR 32K/

7E4A

25800 FINS

FCB tO _

0000

25900

EMI

/ 110 01FA

180 05E3

Listing 2:

END ... 0838

10 CLS: PRINT" ONE MOMENT PLEASE"

20 FOR 6=31744 TO 32330

30 READ P*:P=VAL("&H"+P4>

32 PRINT@32,B,P*

40 POKE 6,P

50 NEXT G:CLS

60 PR I NT "NOW TO SAVE THE PROBRAM

TYPE"
70 PR I NT " CSAVEM " % CHR* ( 34 > ; " FORTY
K" ;CHR*(34) ; ",31744,32330,31744"
80 PR I NT "TO RUN IT TYPE EXEC317
44"

90 'DATA IN HEX

100 DATABD,A9,28, 1A, 50, BE, BO, OO,
EC, 84, B7 P FF, DF, ED, 81 , B7, FF, DE, SC
,FE,FE,26,Fl,,B7,FF,DF,CC,i2, 12, F
D, 96, 8F,FD, 96, A3,FD, 96, A5„ FD, AC,
4F, B7, AC, 51 , 86, 2D, B7, 82, E3, B7, 82
, ED, BE, 7D„ D7, 10,8E, BO, EB, A6, BO, 2
7,04,A7,AO,20,F8, 10, 8E, 7E, 2A, A6,
A0,27,06,AD,9F,A0,O2,20
110 *

120 DATAF6,AD,9F,A0,00,27,FA,BD,

A9, 28, 81 , 31 , 27, 0C, 81 , 32, 26, El , BE

, 00, 00, 1C, AF, 7E, 80, 02, 8E, 34, 30, B

F, 80, E8, 8E, 80, 00, 10, 8E, DF, 00, EC,

84, 6F, 81 , ED, Al , 8C, AO, 00, 26, F5, BE

, EO, FO, A6, 84, SB, 5F, A7, 81 , 8C, Ei , 1

E, 26, F5, 8E, El , 57, A6, 84, SB, 5F, A7,

Bi,SC,El,73,26,F5,BE,DF

130 •

140 DATAOO, 10,BE,7D,33,A6,80,81,

BE, 27, 2B, 81 , BD, 27, 27, 81 ,CE, 27, 23

, 81, 7E, 27, IF, 81, 11,27, 1S,SC,FE,F

F, 27, OE, AC, A4, 26, El , 31 , 22, 30, B4,

31 , 22, 30, 01 , 20, D7, 20, 16, A6, 80, 81

,83, 26, E5, A6, 84, 81 , 80, 25, DF, 31 , 9

F, 22, DB, SB, 5F, A7, 81 , 20, D5, 8E, 7D,

59, 86, 5F,B7,7D, 32,70,70

150 »

1 60 DAT A32 , A6 , 94 , BB , 7D , 32 , A7 , 94 ,

30, 02, SC, 7D, A3, 27, EF, 8C, 7D, D7, 26

,ED,8E,A0,Dl,S6,7E,A7,SO,CC,DF,O

2, ED, 84, 86, 9F, B7, BC, 85, 8E, AO, 84,

CC,SE,9F,ED,81 ;,CC,FE,7E,Eb,81,CC

, AO, 93, ED, 84, 4F, 97, 71, 8E, 00, 00, 1

C, AF, 7E, AO, 27, 00, DF, DA, EO, 3B, EO,

83, El , 73, E2, AB, E3, 46, E3

170 '

180 DATAC4,E3,F1,ES,0B,E8,0F,F1,

DD, Fl , E5, F6, 06, F6, OE, FB,5B,FB, B6

,FD, 79, FD, AO, FE,FF, DF, AE, EO, FA, E

2, 20, E2, 32, E2, 4F, E2, 9E, E3, 4B, E3,

79,E3,C1,E4,41,E4,FC,E7,04,E7,3A

,E7, EA, E8, 72, EB, 40, EB, 68, EB, 79, E

B, AF, EB, E8, EC, 8B,EE, A9,F2, 20, F2,

93,F2,E4,F3, 14, F3, 1A,F3

190 *

200 DATA5C,F4,61,F7,DB,FS,C8,F8,

D5, F9, 41 , F9, D8, FB, 45, FE,03, FE, 3F

,DF,DF,DF,E1,DF,E6,DF,E4,F1,9C,F

1,9E,F1,A0,F1,A2,F1,A4,F3,8A,F3,

8C, F3, BE, F3, 90, F3, 92, E3, 7B, F7, 39

,F7,3B,F7,3E,F7,40,F7,43,F7,45,F

7,48, F7, 4A,F7, 4D, F7, 4F, FC, 1 1 , 33,

32, 4B, 20, 52, 4F, 4D, 2D, 52

210 '

220 DATA41 , 4D,0D, OD, 56, 45, 52, 53,

49,4F,4E,2O,3i,2E,31,20,31,39,38

, 33, 20,42, 59, 20, 52, 41 ,59, 20, 47, 4

1,55, 56, 52, 45, 41, 55, 45, SB, 54, 45,

4E, 44, 45. 44, 20, 42, 41 , 53, 49, 43, 20

, 20, OD, 4E. 4F, 57, 20, 49, 4E, 20, 36, 3

4, 4B, 20,52, 41 , 4D, 20, 4D, 4F, 44, 45,

OD, OO, 50, 52, 45, 53, 53, 20

230 *

240 DATA20, 20, 31 , 20, 20, 46, 4F, 52,

20,34, 30, 4B, 20, 20, 20, 20, 32, 20, 20

, 46, 4F, 52, 20, 33, 32, 4B, 00

HOMEBASE™

THE

COMPLETE

TRS-80* COLOR COMPUTER

DATABASE

HOMEBASE'" PROVIDES WORD PROCESSING, DATA-
BASE MANAGEMENT, AND SPREAD SHEET CALCULA-
TIONS, IN ONE EASY TO USE PACKAGE. SOME OF THE
MANY USEFUL APPLICATIONS OF HOMEBASE'" INCLUDE:

• Check book management * Ledgers • Grocery lists *
Shopping lists * Article indexing • Recipes • Disk directories

• Notes * Memos * Letters * Phone lists • Customer lists *
Business contact lists * Appointments • Mailing lists • Home
inventory • Car maintenance scheduling • Income tax prepa-
ration • Address lists * Charts • Newsletters • Athletic team
records • Form letters •

WORD PROCESSING FEATURES INCLUDE:

— DEFINE 250 screens of text you can search, sort, display,
or print using names you assign or using any word or
phrase,

- EDIT text by duplicating, moving, clearing, searching and
replacing, deleting, or reordering entire records of text or
any word or phrase.

— FORMAT labels, memos, letters, and other documents for
printing with embeded printer controls for paging, skip-
ping lines, and changing character fonts. Program con-
trols provide setting; right and left margins, lines per page,
page width, horizontal tabs, and line spacing.

DATA MANAGEMENT FEATURES INCLUDE:

— DEFINE 50 data fields, including a comment field, in a
single record. Dates, time of day, phone numbers and dol-
lar amounts are automatically formatted. You may also
define 24 scratchpad data fields.

— REORGANIZE records by moving data fields within re-
cords or by moving records within the file. You may sort
records using names you assign or data.

— MANAGE files by searching, deleting, clearing, duplicat-
ing, and displaying any data field or record. Add, subtract,
multiply, divide, or summarize any data field. Use any
command on any selected group of data fields and/or
records.

— PRINT files using automatic formatting with options to
print report titles, a report date, page numbers, record
names, and data field names. Print all or selected data
fields or records. Use standard or compressed print. Use a
special print option to print the comment field as a mailing
label.

UTILITIES FOR WORD PROCESSING AND DATA MAN-
AGEMENT INCLUDE:

• Genera ting new Hies from old files • Merging tiles • Dup-
licating files • Moving data between tiles • Summarizing files

• Moving files from diskette to diskette using one drive *
Saving files to cassette and reloading from caselie * File
synchronizing f Print disk directory •

HOMEBASE" IS EASY TO USE:

— NO PROGRAMMING REQUIRED. All options are dis-
played in menus. HOMEBASE 1 " automatically requests all
required data and edits every entry.

— All commands are single key stroke.

— FULL screen editing for text entry.

— Complete cursor control for entering names, titles, notes,
and comments.

— 100 pages of instructions with complete descriptions of
each command, and examples.

— Requires 32K of memory, disk basic and only one disk
dnve. NO equipment modifications required.

— All programs reside entirely in memory.

— Fast response to all commands including search and sort.

ORDER TOLL FREE

Credit card holders call toll free: 800-334-0851 extension 887
In North Carolina Call 800-672-0101 extension 887
or send a check or money order for S75.00 plus $5,00
/a for handling charges to:

fS? HOMEBASE'" COMPUTER SYSTEMS

"""-"* P.O. Box 3448

Durham, N. C. 27702
M.C. residents add 4% (or sales tax. Allow 1 to 3 weeks for delivery.

HOMEBASE'" is a trademark of HOMEBASE " COMPUTER SYSTEMS,

a subsidiary of Small Business Systems. Durham, N.C. {919) 544-5408

"T3S-80 is a trademark c-1 Tandy Radio Shack ire.

January 1984 the RAINBOW 79

GRAPHICS

the

RAINBOW

7^ — rr

By Terrell Touchstone

Were you as disappointed as I in the kaleidoscope
program in Gelling Started With Color basic?
And in the other pattern programs that have
appeared from time to lime? Here is one thai I think you will
find more dynamically faithful to the ole' kaleidoscope. And
while this endless display of colorful patterns demonstrates
the Color Computer's capabilities, it can also be quite prac-
tical. For one thing, the display is an excellent attention
getter for store windows and selling booths. Secondly, if it is
necessary for you to leave your monitor or TV set on and
unattended for long periods of time, this program will be
useful in preventing "burn-in" on your tube.

The program is elementary. It uses the S£7' statement to
randomly place a pair of mirror-image color blocks in each
of four quadrants. What makes the patterns interesting to
watch is the manner in which the RND function is orches-
trated to select color, duration and foldback of the pattern
streamers. You might try playing with the RND statements
in Lines 100, 221 and 300 to gel different dynamics.

As it is, the code will run on any Color Computer begin-
ning with 4K Color BASIC, and it is easily adapted lo any

(Terrell Touchstone has a Ph. D. in chemical engineer-
ing and fifteen years of experience in the field of com-
puter process control. He is currently employed with
Chevron in Richmond, California)

ni Hi Eli m ni nun ,su in

D I Bfc

BDFTWfti

MENU! DIR with 42 -filenames on
screen. Programs are selected by
arrow keys. Functions include RUN*
COPY, RENAME, OFFSET, KILL, EXEC,
and ADDRESSES of ML PROGRAMS. $24.95

CDLDRTAC: Disk TACHOMETER.
R.P.M. and lots ot -features. $14.95
BOTH -for $34.95. FAST SERVICE!

SUNSHINE SOFTWARE, P.O. BOX 15686
PANAMA CITY, FL 32406

other machine. To try it, simply type it in and RUN. To
increase the speed, try the POKE65495.0. Don't fail to step
back and view it from across the room.

The listing:

1 ' ### COLOR-EYED-O-SCOPE ###

2 * BY TERRELL TOUCHSTONE

3 '

4 ■ INITIALIZE
20 CLSO

30 di=o:D3=i:D4=i
40 a=rnd(4) :b=rnd(10>

50 B0T0225
90 ' MAIN LOOP
100 IF RND<0)>.6 GOTO 210
208 DA=RND ( 2 ) : DB=RND ( 3 >
2 1 A=A-DA+D3 : B=B-DB+D4
221 IF RND<0)>.2 GOTO 230
225 CL=RND<8)

230 IF ABS(A)>15 OR ABS>15 OR
Dl>8 BOTO 300

232 IF ABS(A) <= 12 GOTO 235

233 D3=-D3:D1=D1+1

235 IF ABS(B) > 12 THEN D4=-D4

250 SET < 31 +2* A, 15+B, CD

255 SET <3i+2*A, 15-B, CD

260 SET (31~2*A„ 15-B, CD

265 SET(31-2*A, 15+B, CD

270 SET(31+2#B, 15+A,CD

275 SET (31+2*6, 15-A, CD

2B0 SET(31-2*B, 15~A,CD

285 SET(31-2*B, 15+A,CD

290 GOTO lOO

300 IF RND(3>>1 BOTO 30

320 FOR K=l TO 4000: NEXT K

330 CLSO

350 GOTO 30

the RAINBOW January 1984

PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE

QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COCO & TDP-100

PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K EXTENDED BASIC FOR TAPE, AND 32K DISK UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED,

FOUR GREAT NEW PROGRAMS

Varalyzer

A breakthrough in programming utilitiesfrom theauthorof
Colorklt! You may need a little background for this pro-
gram. The first time you mention a variable in a BASIC
program, the computer assigns a space in the variable
table in memory. It starts at the bottom of the table and
works up to the top. and the next time that variable is called
in your program thecomputergoes to the variable table to
look it up. The search starts at the bottom of the table and
continues until the variable is located, Thistakestime,and
the Farther up the table the variable is located, the longer it
takes. There is a BIG SPEED ADVANTAGE in having the
most frequently called variable located first in the table,
with the next most frequently called variable second, etc.
This program simply examines your BASIC program while
it is running and then actually modifies it to speed it up!
Speed increase will be from 5% to 75%, depending upon
the program, and we include a list of other tips to speed up
execution even more. This program will also print a list of
the variables used in the program and tell you how many
times each is called. VARALYZER is 100% machine
language and REQUIRES64K to run. Works fine on either
disk or tape systems. S24.95

Clone Master

This is the ultimate disk backup utility, and who else but
Prickly-Pear, originators of Omni-Clone, could bring it to
you. If you are tired of waiting for your BACKUP command
to finish, you'll like the speed of CLONE MASTER. This
program checks the computer memory size, and if you
have a 64K machine it will do a backup on a full disk in
about 7 minutes — including formatting the destination
disk— with only THREE swaps, not the seven you are used
to, and if you are running multiple drives, CLONE MASTER
will handle up to 4 double-sided drives. In addition, al-
though we can't guarantee that CLONE MASTER will back
up any disk, it can handle backups of any non-standard
(protected) disk we have seen — not only on the Color
Computer, but on Model III and IV, IBM PC. Kaypro.
Osborne, and Atari, It handles up to 256 tracks, single and
double density— even on the same track. CRC errors, and
lots more. It evenchecksthespeedof yourdrivesforyouMf
you are using a disk drive, you know how disks will crash,
so don't leave your valuable software unprotected any
longer. Back it upor lose it' CLONE MASTER will adjust to
any memory size and works with any version of the ROM's
— including the JVC controller. $39.95

Your personal check is welcome - no delay. Include
S1.50 shipping for each program ordered. (Shipping free
on $50.00 or larger orders). AZ residents add 7% sales
tax. Orders shipped within two days.

Erland

ERfifiND

The most complex
simulation we have
ever seen, and
you VIKING! fans
will want to take
note. This game
has you running
a small holding

in old Ireland. You must manage your land,
sheep, army, markets, fishing fleets, taxes, and™
many other factors while you try to rise in rank to become
King or Queen. You may attack — or be attacked — by the
other players, and you will have to face the fact that there
isn't enough land to go around, and you may have to take
some away from someone else! This 32K game is con-
siderably more complex and difficult than our super
popular VIKING! Because of this, we have added a save-
the-game feature. ERLAND is for 2 to 5 game lovers, and
will warm the heart of anyone who liked VI KING!, Monopoly,
or other classic strategy games. This game is a hybrid of
Extended Basic and Machine language. The disk and tape
versions are not interchangable. Tape — $24.95; Disk —
$29.95

Satellite

Tracker,

Satellite Tracker *"'

If you are interested in reception of transmissions from the
television satellites, you will need this program. It does all
calculations associated with planning and setting up a
satellite dish antenna. It figures antenna gain, signal to
noise, aiming point for any geosyncronous satellite, effect
of various quality amplifiers, and a lot more. The program
will tell you whether a dish is practical in your location, how
big it needs to be, and what kind of picture quality and
signal strength you will achieve. If you are thinking of
investing in a system, don't make a move until the results
are in. Requires 32K extended BASIC and some (limited)
knowledge of satellite terms and language. $79.95

Dealer and author inquiries are always welcome,
Canadian dealers should contact Kelly Software
Distributors, Ltd., P. O. Box 1 1 932, Edmonton, Alberta
T5J-3L1 (403) 421-8003

Stocked by Quality Dealers, or

Send Order To; PRICKLY- PEAR SOFTWARE

9234 E. 30th Street
Tucson, Arizona 85710
(602) 886-1505

Look at What's Available for

Radio Shack Has a Printer for Every Budget

We've Got the Right Printer for You. Whether you're look-
ing for speed, all-around utility or color graphics capability,
Radio Shack has the printer you want. What's more, our
products are backed by over 6600 Radio Shack outlets na-
tionwide, so you can get your questions answered, a demon-
stration or service when you need it.

Sale! DMP-100. Our lowest price ever! Bit-image mode
produces high-density black and white graphics printouts.
Prints 80 upper and lower case dot-matrix characters on an
8" line at up to 50 characters per second.

New! DWP-210, An affordable, full-featured daisy wheel
printer. Print letters and reports with electric typewriter quality
at 200 words per minute (18 cps). Select 10 or 12 characters
per inch, or proportional pitch. Includes forward and reverse
paper feed and Ve-iine feed, underline and programmable
backspace. Uses interchangeable 100-character print wheels.

CGP-115. This four-color printer lets you create a variety of
graphic output from charts to computer-generated "doodles".
Built-in commands simplify drawing and plotting. Text mode
prints 40 or 80 characters per line at 12 cps. Measures just
2 15 /iex8 1 /4x8 1 /2" and weighs only 1 3 /-4 pounds. Uses eas-
ily replaceable ink cartridges. Prints on 4 1 /2"-wide paper.

New! CGP-220. This whisper-quiet, drop-on-demand ink-jet
printer produces text and high-resolution graphics in seven
vivid colors. A screen print utility for the TRS-80 Color Com-
puter allows multi-color printouts of screen displays produced
from any graphics program. Prints 2600 dots per second
with a resolution of up to 640 dots per line. Text mode prints
37 characters per second.

Available Nationwide. See the complete line of TRS-80
printers and accessories at your nearby Radio Shack Com-
puter Center, participating store or dealer today.

Your TRS-80 Color Computer

Educational Programs to Make Learning Fun!

Taxi™.* * Can you deliver all your
passengers safely to their destina-
tion? Drive in your choice of six dif-
ferent cities— complete with maps!
A cooperative strategy game for
ages 7-up, #26-2509

Peanut Butter Panic™.** Players
work together to make peanut but-
ter sandwiches and eat them. But
watch out for the sandwich-stealing
Snarf! A cooperative strategy game
for ages 7-up. #26-2523

From the Creators
Of Sesame Street®!

Requires Extended
Color BASIC

1Q95

I *%# Each

Exciting Game-Style Programs With
Super Graphics, Animation and Sound!

Grower's Number Rover"'.* Graver is hav-
ing trouble with his numbers. Can you help
him? For ages 3-6. #26-2522
Big Bird's Special Delivery'".* Help Big
Bird deliver his packages to the correct des-
tination. For ages 3-6. #26-2525

I I

Ernie's Magic Shapes '.* Ernie

the magician helps your child
learn geometrical shapes. There's
even a magic rabbit to reward cor-
rect answers! A basic skills game
tor ages 3-6. #26-2524

Star Trap".* * Players race through
mazes together to trap a slippery
star before time runs out. Young-
sters can even create their own
maze. A cooperative strategy game
for ages 7-up. #26-2510

Cookie Monster's Letter
Crunch™.** Help the cookie mon-
ster get a cookie by spelling a word
correctly. Four skill levels, each with
six different activities. For ages 3-6.
#26-2526

Learn With (gW^*s*£?

^J^T Each

Math Adventures With Mickey.*
Everyone's favorite mouse teaches
basic mathematics skills, including
effective methods of problem-
solving and the correct use of deci-
mals. For ages 9-13. #26-2535

Works With Any 16K
TRS-80 Color Computer

Telling Time With Donald.* For ages 5-8.

#26-2530

Problem Solving With Scrooge

McDuck.* For ages 9-13. #26-2531

Mickey's World of Writing.* For ages 8-11.

7^26-2532

Goofy Covers Government.* For ages
10-14. #26-2533

Mickey's Alpine Adventure.* For ages
7-9. #26-2534

Space Probe: Math.** Ride on
the rocket ship to a fascinating ad-
venture into deep space! Young-
sters solve basic problems and
learn concepts of area and perime-
ter. For ages 7-14. #26-2537

'Requires cassette recorder. ' "Requires cassette recorder and joysticks

Radio /hack

The biggest name in little computers®

A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION

Send me a free 1984 TRS-80 Catalog.

"~l

NAME

Mail To: Radio Shack, Dept. 84-A-623
300 One Tandy Center, Fort Worth. Texas 76102

AnnRFRR

CITY

TELEPHONE

RTATF ?!P

Safe ends 12JZM&2- Prices apply at participating Radio Sriacfc stores and dealers. Muppoi characters are trademarks of Muppe's, inc. Wait Dfsnoy characters are [fade-marits of Walt Disney, Inc All nghrs reserved

B/OavirfrS/Sfeii

m / / / /

• : A\/ / / / -'

o be it. The king had given his orders to the palace
wizard. The king wanted a portable power device to
maintain control over the peasants and to have his
queen behave according to his desires. The penalty, if the
wizard failed, was severe. Unrest of the peasants had been
more intense lately, and the queen was said to have her mind
on a stable boy. With his head hung low, the wizard made his
way down the stone stairs, past the dungeon to his labora-
tory in the back of the castle.

It was damp, and the oil lamps cast an eerie glow on the
cold stone walls. Muffled sounds could be heard from the
dungeon. The wizard did not want that to be his fate. In a
state of near despair, the wizard concluded that his only
hope to accomplish the task by dawn was through the use of
computer aided design (CAD). The wizard thus cranked up
his CoCo and went to work.

To know the end of this high resolution animated story
you will have to enter and RUN the program! (Rainbow On
Tape is another option.) I think you will enjoy it. The
program runs about four minutes, generates a changing
scale three-dimensional object, an explosive transforma-
tion, the image of an impossible three-dimensional object
(the ultimate power device), a three-dimensional sine wave
emission, and I won't tell you any more lest 1 ruin the story
line!

the RAINBOW January 19B4

This program demonstrates the dramatic effects which
can be achieved on the CoCo by rapid high resolution screen
switching. The program utilizes the high speed POKE
65495,0 and normal speed POKE 65494,0 to speed up the
plotting of the 3-D sine wave. Let's take a look at how the
program uses some of the CoCo's graphics commands.

The PCLEA R8 statement in Line 730 reserves all eight of
the 1536-byte graphics memory pages. The placement of this
statement at the end of the program may seem somewhat
odd. The program runs from Line 60 to the PCLEAR8 in
Line 730 and then back to Line 70 via GOTO statements.
This odd arrangement is good programming practice due to
an obscure error in the 1 .0 Extended basic ROM. A valid
PC LEAR statement placed in the early part of a program
may produce an error message or program halt if your
program exceeds a certain length. This erroneous error mes-
sage is avoided by the above practice. The program graphics
setup gets underway in Line 50 which specifies PMODE4.1.
This high resolution PMODE4 (256 x 192 graphics grid)
requires four of the ! 536-byte graphics memory pages for a
full screen display. Thus with PCLEA RS and PMODE4,
you have two full screen displays available. The first screen
starts on Page I (PMODE4J) and the second screen starts
on Page 5 (PMODE4.5). Remember that the PMODE
statement takes the form PMODE (resolution mode, start
page).

After you have set up your PMODE and set aside the
needed number of graphics pages with PCLEA R, a PCLS
statement (as in Line 70) will clear the screen ofany garbage
or unwanted graphics in the current screen video RAM
pages. The SCREEN!,] statement in Line 70 tells the com-
puter you want to show a graphics screen rather than the
prior text screen, and you want the screen to be black and
buff. Remember that a SCREEN statement takes the form
SCREEN (type, color set).

At this point, we have set the stage, and the real program
action begins. Lines 80 through 140 use the scale function
available in the DRA f-Kstatement to create a changing scale
cube. Notice that the scale value must be converted from a
numeric expression to a character string expression through
the STR$ function in order to be accepted by the DRA W
statement. The scale function in the DRA PF statement will
not affect or scale parts of graphics put on the screen
through other graphics statements, such as LINE or CIR-
CLE.

Lines 160 through 240 open the cube. Lines 250 through
290 create the explosive transformation. Lines 330 through
4l0create the ultimate powerdevice (an illusion). Lines420
through 580 plot the 3-D sine wave. The most dramatic
graphic effects of the program are created by the high speed
screen switching produced in Lines 660 through 700. Every-
thing really comes apart!

When you run this program, notice how various tech-
niques to display the graphics are used.

In some cases, the graphics are drawn on the screen while
you are watching. In other cases, the graphics are drawn on
pages not currently shown, and then brought to the screen
after the graphics are complete. In the case of the 3-D sine
wave, the first wave is plotted while the prior screen is
displayed, but the remaining waves are plotted while you

(David Sligar has published a graphics program for a
mainframe, hut is present y working on a financial
analysis program for construction contractors for the
CoCo. His hobbies include writing software.)

watch. How and when your graphics are brought to the
screen depends on your placement of PMODEand SCREEN
statements within your programs.

NOTE: If you add spaces when you type this program, it will
not fit in 16K.

The listing:

10 CLS4: PR I NTS 128, "COLOR CAD"

15 PRINT@224, "THE IMPOSSIBLE OBJ

ECT"

20 PRINTS320, "BY DAVID SLIGAR" :F

0RX=1T0999: NEXTX

30 CLS3 : PR I NT@ 192," GOOD TH I N6S . .

40 PRINT@256, "COME IN SMALL BOXE
S" : F0RX=1T0999: NEXTX
50 PM0DE4,1
60 GDT073O
70 PCLSO : SCREEN 1 , 1
80 FORZ=lTOS

90 IF Z=8 THEN F0RZ=ST04 STEP-1
100 PCLSO

HO S*="S"+STR*(Z)+";"
120 DRAW S*+";BM100, 100U30NR30E1
5R30NG 1 5D30G 1 5NU30L30 "
130 F0RX=1TD120: NEXTX
140 NEXTZ

150 F0RX-1T0400: NEXTX
1 60 PCLS : DRAW " BM 1 00 , 1 OOU30NR30E2
OR30Q20D30NL30F20L30H20"
170 LINE (100, 100) -(70,95) , PSET
180 LINE- (70, 65), PSET
1 90 LI NE- ( 1 00 , 70 > , PSET
200 LINE (70, 95) -(40, 65), PSET, B
210 LINE (130, 100) -(160, 95) , PSET
220 LINE- (160, 65), PSET
230 LINE- (130, 70), PSET
240 F0RX=lTO600: NEXTX
250 CLS8:PRINT@224, " KA

-BOOM! ! !":FORX=1T0200:NEXTX
260 PCLSO: SCREEN1,!
270 F0RN=1T0101 STEP5: CIRCLE (126
,95) „N:NEXTN

280 F0RN=101TD1 STEP-5: CIRCLE ( 12
6,95) ,N,0:NEXTN

290 PCLS : FORN= 1 TD50 : S=RND ( 255 ) : S
OUNDS,l:LINE(126,95)-(S,RND(195)
) ,PSET:NEXTN

300 CLS0:PRINT@192, "AS THE DUST
SETTLES, "

310 PRINTS256, "THE WIZARD'S WORK
IS REVEALED. "

January 1984 Ihe RAINBOW 85

320

PRINT@320, "THE ULTIMATE POWE

BEBIN WAVE FORM GENERATION" : FOR X

R DEVICE!! ! " : F0RX*=1T02000: NEXT*

=1T0900: NEXTX

330

PCLS:DRAW"BM 55, 156? R150;U10

550 SCREEN 1,1

f BH40S BL10I L140|DiO|R125| F201 L12

560 IF Q>56 G0T0580

5;UiO;R105;F10?BM 55, 15&;Ui0jR14

570 B0T0450

Of BRIO! U7B| DiO| BLIOl D6Ql H40| U2BI

580 P0KE65494,0

D28;

F40; BRIO; U68; BLIOi "

590 CLS0:PRTNT@224, "WARNING-EXCE

340

CIRCLE(55,151>,3,5,2

SSIVE ENERGY LEVEL" : F0RX=1T0900:

350

CIRCLE(35, 131) ,3,5,2

NEXTX

360

CIRCLE (15, 111), 3, 5, 2

600 CLS4:PRINT@96," ALERT!

370

DRAW'BM 55 s 78?R140iBR10;U10i

ALERT ! "

H40i

L150;D10;R125;F20SL125SU10;R

610 F0RX=1T05:S0UND156,3:S0UND92

105i

F10;BM 55,78;U10;R150»"

,2:NEXTX

380

DRAWBM 205, 156iU40;C05U10;C

620 PR I NTS 128, "THERMAL RUNAWAY C

5;R20;Hi9;Fi9;U38;Rlo;Lio;H40;Di

DNDITIONSi"

8iU185R10;F40iD90iL10?H19SF19iU4

630 PRINTS 192, "DEVICE OVERLOAD!!

2;L20;"

390

CIRCLE (35, 73), 3, 5, 2

640 PRINT@256, "SPONTANEOUS EM IBS

400

CIRCLE (35, 53), 3, 5, 2

IONS EXPECTED!"

410

CIRCLE* 15, 33), 3, 5, 2

650 PRINTS320, "DISINTEGRATION AL

420

SCREEN 1 , 1 : PM0DE4, 5: PCLSO

ERT! ! !":F0RX=1T02500: NEXTX

430

P0KE65495,0

660 F0RS=1T0100

440

PI=3. 14159:0=1

670 PM0DE4, l: SCREEN 1, 1:F0RX-1T05

450

A=-4*PI : B=4*PI : N=360: R=20

0: NEXTX

460

IF Q>=1 THEN R=R+Q

680 IF S-50 THEN PCLSO: 0OSUB72O

470

X=(B-A)/N

690 PM0DE4, 5: SCREEN 1,1:F0RX=1T05

480

F»235/(B-A)

OlNEXTX

490

FOR I=A TO B STEP X

700 NEXTS

500

X=I*F:Y=R*SIN(I+Q)

710 GOTO 10

510

PSET( (X+140), <80+Y>»l>

720 F0RN=1T091 STEP5 : C I RCLE < 1 26 ,

520

NEXTI

95) , N: NEXTN: RETURN

530

GNQ+7

730 PCLEAR8:G0T070

540

CLSOlIF Q*8 THEN PRINTS224, "

ARE YOUR WALKING FINGERS GETTING FOOTSORE ?

Tired of typing in those long, but wonderful, programs from each issue of the RAINBOW? Now, you can get RAINBOW ON TAPE and give
those tired fingers a rest. With RAINBOW ON TAPE, you'll be able to spend your time enjoying programs instead of just typing. ..typing.., typing
them! All you need to do ever again is pop a RAINBOW ON TAPE cassette into your recorder, CLOAD and RUN any one you want.

RAINBOW on Tape single issue rate is: within the US, 36.50 (S8 after Jan. 1, 1984), Canadian and Mexican rate, 38,50 (S1 after Jan. 1,

1984), all other countries 38,50 (S10.00 after Jan, 1, 1984).

RAINBOWon Tape subscription rate is: within the US, 360 (S70after Jan. 1,1984) Canadian and Mexican rate, S70(S80 after Jan, 1,1984),
all other countries $86 (S95 after Jan, 1, I984). US FUNDS ONLY PLEASE

VISA, MasterCard and American Express accepted. All subscriptions begin with the current Issue and back Issues are available
beginning with April. 1982, Subscriptions are sent first class mail to coincide with the arrival of your current issue of the RAINBOW.

Now , . , The Best Color Computer Magazine

Offers The Best Tape Service

Think of it! Not 40 or a dozen— but between 20 and 30— programs every month from
Rainbow On Tape. All the really good programs from the Rainbow! All the long ones ... so
you don't have to type them in. Just CLOAD and RUN!

ORDER RAINBOW ON TAPE TODAY!

HANDY ORDER CARD BETWEEN PAGES 34 and 35

the RAINBOW January 1964

Reviving A Nearly Lost Art
With Little Letter Writer

By Steve Blyn
Rainbow Contributing Editor

Letter writing is an often overlooked skill, not only in
conjunction with computers but also in education in
general, Letter writing was once the universal way of
communicating with others that you could not visit. Now
letter writing is becoming a lost art. The invention of the
telephone and the recent rise of the use of modems has
fostered a decrease in letter writing in our country.

Letter writing remains an important skill to learn. Besides,
it ss fun. You can't yet easily call a baseball player or a
famous author on your modem.

1 always enjoy teaching units on letter writing. To make
the teaching more enjoyable, I encourage the students to
write practice letters to real personalities. Some ideas that
we have used successfully arc letters to famous people in the
news, sports figures, show business personalities, authors of
books that we have read and illustrators of children's books.

It may be obvious, but please try to make certain that the
people that the children write to are still alive. We often have
the pleasure of receiving answers to our letters. Famous
personalities often respond or have a secretary write a
response for them. Some illustrators have sent sketches back
to the children.

There are many fine word processors on the CoCo market
today. They may all be used to help create professional
looking letters. I use two different ones in my classroom to
acquaint the students with different styles of word processors.
This month's article presents the Little Letter Writer.

The Little Letter Writer's value is that it teaches the
correct format of a friendly letter, Business letters are a more
advanced form of letter writing and should be taught after
the friendly letter is fully mastered.

Friendly letters have a specific format to follow. The
components are the Date, the Greeting or Salutation, the
Body of the letter, and the Closing. Each part is taught to
middle grade students and is reinforced by this program.
The placement of the portions of the letter is correctly done
by the program .

The Salutation has lately become the most amusing por-
tion to teach. Not too many years ago, it was proper to
addresss most unknown recipients of letters as "Dear Sir, . . ,"
Now, of course, there are so many women working that we
often use "Dear Person, ..." In the near future, perhaps
computers will read our mail. It is fun for kids to speculate
on what the future common salutations will be. Will it be
"Dear Machine, ..." or perhaps "Dear It, . . . " or perhaps

"Dear RAM "

The program asks if you have a printer. If you answer yes,

(Sieve Blyn teaches both exceptional and gifted child-
ren, holds two master's degrees and has won a wards-
fort he design of programs to aid the handicapped. He
and his wife, Cheryl, own Computer Island.)

then Z will equal 1 and the letter will appear on the screen as
well as on the printer. The program lines ending in the
number five have information for the printer. You may omit
these if you are not using a printer.

Several special factors were taken into consideration
while developing this short program. On an input for the
date, a comma will give an Extra Ignored message and then
will ignore the year after the comma. To solve this, Line 70
will wipe out this message, and the comma and the year will
automatically be inserted on Lines 130 and 135 in any case.
Also, words may break up at the end of lines. This is unfor-
tunate, but our aim was to show the parts of a friendly letter,
rather than to create a word processor. The letter is also
limited to about 250 characters. This should be sufficient for
most early student purposes.

There is no need to indent for the body of the letter. The
correct tabs and margins have been pre-sel by the program.
A random selection of closings is included to show the
student some of the possibilities. As soon as the [ENTER]
key is pressed at the end of the body, the letter will be printed
in correct form on the screen and on the optional printer.
After the letter is printed, you may press any key to begin
again.

The Little Letter Writer can be used in several ways.
Corrections can be made on the screen either before or after
printing. Buddies may also correct each other's product. We
hope your children or students use this program to write
letters to real live people. The answers they receive are great
Language Arts reinforcement. Perhaps they will even drop
us a line at Computer Island. We will gladly respond.

The listing:

80 0178

160 02D5

END . . 040F

5 REM "A LITTLE LETTER WRITER BY

3TEVE BLYN, COMPUTER ISLAND, 1983"

lO CLS

20 L*=" LETTER WRITER"

30 FDRT=lTOt3:PRINT@B+T,MID*(L*,

T, 1):NEXT

40 PRINT: LINE INPUT"ARE YOU USIN

B A PRINTER?"; PR*

45 IF LEFT*<PR*,1>="Y" THEN 1=1

50 PRINTS9, "LETTER WRITER"!

60 S0UND200, 1:PRINT@64, "the date

": PR I NT "WHAT IS TODAY'S DATE?": I

NPUTD*

70 PRINTS160, " "

January 1984 the RAINBOW 87

»##»#»«eft««ft»*»»»»«»**«»*»«*»»ft»*»ftft*ftft»»«»«»»*»»*«ft»»

» *

♦ cc software: «

• *

* EXTENDED BASIC not Required unless noted. Programs *

* require a 16K Computer and are Diak Compatible. *
a »

# * UNIVERSAL PROGRAM 1IUP-1I * *
ft A powerful utility that allows program* to be *

* stacked in memory until the memory is filled. Jump *
ft from one program to another or compose new ones *

• while retaining the old ones. Also included are *

• tools for patching defective programs plus many *

# other useful functions. Tape $14.95, Cart. 924.95 *

* ft
ft * DISASSEMBLER-ASSEMBLER (DISASM) ft *
ft Designed for CC Compatibility DISASM uses ft

• English Mnemonics & Decimal Locations rather than ft
ft HEX and special symbols, write Machine Language ft

• Programs or Subroutines with the Assembler. Dis- ft
« Assemble the CC ROMS or any other ML Program with ft
ft the Disassembler. Tape 919.95, Cart. 929.95 »

# ft
ft * TERMINAL PRQBRAM (DYTERM) ft
ft DYTERM converts a CC into a terminal. Receive and ft
ft send data between 2 computers, another terminal or »
ft a MODEM. BASIC Program with ML subroutines. ft
ft DYTERM Cassette 414.95, Cart. «24.95 ft
ft *
ft ft FINANCE PROGRAM (DYFIN) ft new *
ft DYFIN quickly calculates loans, savings, annuities, ft
ft Investments, Retirements, Interest on Loans, Pay- *
ft ments on loans, Check book Balance, & Return on ft
ft money invested. A 500 year Calender is included, ft
ft Extended Basic is required. DYFIN Tape $17.93 ft
ft ft
ft HARDWARE I TEEMS ft
ft ft
» Increase your computer's memory with the following *
ft Memory Expansion Kits. Soldering is not required ft
ft and the modifications are reversible. Each kit is ft
ft warranted for one year. *

* *
ft ME-1 upgrades 4K to 16K 919.95 ft
ft ME-2 upgrades 4K to 32K 959.95 ft
ft ME-3 upgrades 16K to 32K 939.95 ft

♦ ME-4 upgrades D & E CC to 64K 999.95 *
ft ME-4F upgrades F series to 64K 989.95 ft
ft Note: ME-4 & ME-4F require a 1.1 ROM. UE MILL ft

♦ install our Nits in your Computer for 910 + ship. *

* •

* 6B09E Microprocessor Chip 924.95 ft

# 6821 Peripheral Interface Adapter 96.95 *
» 66B3 SAM Chip 929.95 ft
ft SAM BUFFER (new). Solder less installation mounts *
ft on SAM Chip & saves SAM if a short occurs from up— ft
ft grading Memory or other modifications. 98.95 ft
» EXTENDED BASIC ROM 985.00 ft
ft »

• MS REPAIR COMPUTERS *

* *

• ft 9£K SYSTEM EXPANDER (96KX) * new ft
ft *

• The 96KX is a plug in cartridge that allows ft
ft use of all 64K of RAM for 64K Computers. An output ft

* connector is included for Disk Drives, Cartridges, *
ft or other accessories. Powerful permanent software ft

♦ allows exchanging information in PAGE O & Page 1, *
ft moving blocks of data in either page or from one *

* page to another, writing or reviewing data or ft
ft characters in memory, editing BASIC Programs with ft
ft errors, changing any statement number, storing HEX ft
» or DECIMAL Values in Memory, and much more. The *
ft 96KX has a ROM that occupies the upper BK of mem- ft

* ory allowing a CC to be a true 96K Computer with •
ft 32K Df ROM and 64K of RAM. The 96KX Software is *
ft always available as a HELP program and can be ft
ft called with a simple keyboard command. Included ft
ft is a hardware interrupt switch for running ML ft

* programs or accessing the cartridge when the ft
ft Computer fails to function properly. Expand your ft
ft Computer now with a 96KX for only 9B9.95. *
ft «

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ft 24 HR phone. Call at nights & on weekends It save ft

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* HARTSELLE, AL. 35^40 *
ft ft
•••»•*#« ftftft #*»•»•»»«• ft »»»«»«•»« «**•»******»**«**** »»**

SO S0UND200, l:FRINT8192, "the gre

eting or salutation": PR INT "TO WH

0M ARE YOU WRITING A LETTER",: IN

PUT W*

90 S0UND200,1: PRINT: PRINT"the cl

osing or ending": PR I NT "WHAT IS Y

OUR NAME?": INPUT N*

100 S0UND200,l:PRINT:PRINT"the b

ody or story - PRESS ENTER AND B

EG IN YOUR MESSA6E"; : INPUT EN*

110 CLS

120 INPUT B*

130 CLS:PRINTTAB(15>D*;",1984

135 IF Z=l THEN PRINT#-2, TAB (40>

D*J",1984"

140 PRINT "DEAR "jW*;","

145 IF Z=l THEN PRINT#-2, "DEAR "

;«*;","

150 B*=" "+B*

155 IF Z=l THEN PRINT#-2 f "

160 PRINT:F0RT=*1 TO LEN(B*>:PRIN

TMID* (B*, T, 1 > ; : S0UND175, 1 : NEXT: P

RINT

165 IF Z=1THEN PRINT#-2, " " : FOR

T=lTO LEN (B*> :PRINT#-2, MID* (B*, T

,1);:next t:PRInt#-2," "

170 R=RND(4)

ISO IF R=l THEN R*=" YOURS TRULY,

190 IF R=2 THEN R*="LQVE, "

200 IF R=3 THEN R*= " S I NCEREL Y , "

210 IF R=4 THEN R*=" FONDLY, "

220 PRINT" ":PRINTTAB(15>R*

225 IF Z=l THEN PRINT#-2, " " :PRI

NT#-2,TAB(40>R*

230 PRINTTAB(15)N*

235 IF Z=l THEN PRINT#-2, TAB<40)

240 abain*=inkey*

250 if aqain*="" then 240 else c

ls:60T05o

1************4

***********

**************

UPGRADE YOUR CQLCFt CGHPUIEK HENDRY WITHOUT ANY
SOLDERING. JUST FOLLOW THE DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS
SUPPLIED. EACH KIT IS WARRANTED FOR ONE YEAR.

4K TO 16K 111.95

PRICES FDR KITS:

16K 10 32K til. 95

4K ID 32K 139.95 *

nail drder ierns:seno roney order-chechs take 10 days*
id clear. ado $1.00 fur shipping-michigan residents *
aoo 41 sales tak.sorry.no charge cards accepted. •

RUSHTDN ENTERPRISES

P.O.BOX 156
SOUTH LYON. MICHIGAN 48178
PHONE: (313) 437 0457

3ZK

16K-

UPGRADE

the RAINBOW January 1984

GRAPHICS

16K
ECB

llf ihe

(EH

the

RAINBOW

).• :\

FACE

Face

To Face

By John W. Kozubal

This program makes a lot of faces at you — some
happy, some sad; some glad, some mad. One even
whistles. The program requires a 16K CoCo with
Extended BASIC. No speed-up function is used.

Have you ever seen those toys, or games, where you are
supplied with several styles of noses, mouths, etc? Then you
select those styles at random and place them on a featureless
face to produce your own creation? (For instance, "Picture
Your Face" in the October 1983 Rainbow.) It also selects
different shaped heads at random. The selection of eyes,
mouths, noses and eyebrows gives 2,200 faces. Couple those
with several different heads and we get not 5,000, not 10,000,
but 1 5,400 combinations. Couple this with the colors and we
get 61,600 combinations. Each face is on the screen for
about five seconds. With no repeats, it would take about 80
hours for each of the combinations to appear on the screen.

To get the show on the road, type, or load the program
into the computer. Type RUN and press [ENTER]. Watch
the screen for a while. See if you can spot the same face
twice.

You may want to try some of your own features. To do
this, observe the program. Take eyes, for example. The
RND statement in Line 180 selects a number from 1 to 8.
Let's see what happens when the computer selects 5. We tell
the computer what to do if E is equal to 5. In Line 230 the
computer is sent to Line 1080. Starting at Line 1080, two
eliptical circles are drawn. The .45 represents a height width
ratio which is wider than high. Kind of a vertical elipse.
After the two eliptical circles are drawn, the computer is
returned to the line following the one that sent it there; Line
240. Each feature is selected in a similar manner. Give it a
try. You may create some interesting faces.

o
F

a
c
e

(John W. Kozubal, a disabled southern Calif omian, is
a former president of a TV sales and service company
and former electro hydraulic engineer for General
Electric.)

January 1984 Ihe RAINBOW 89

SUPER PRO KEYBOARD

Only $69.95

Original key layout.

No special software required.

Fast, simple installation— no soldering.

Individually boxed with full instructions.

Professional, low profile, finished appearance

U.S. made— high quality, quad gold contacts.

Smooth "Touch Typist" feel— no sagging.

Rainbow, April '83

A fine piece of hardware from Mark Data Products. . ,lt is
super and it is professional too. ..if you are searching
for a replacement keyboard, it is an excellent buy. . .

Hot CoCo, August '83

Like putting leather upholstery in your Volkswagen. . .Very
impressed with the appearance and performance, , .Could
easily pass as original equipment. , .Installation is very
simple. . .

Color Computer Magazine, June '83

The installation procedure is well detailed and quite
simple. . .Has a professional feel, reacts well to the touch. . .
has held up to some purposeful pounding. . .

Color Computer News, June '83

Mark Data Products is well known to us "longtimers". . .
Every bit as finished as if Tandy had done it. ..The
Mark Data Super-Pro is your best buy. ..The one that
is in my CoCo to stay. . .

Great Computer Software Also

• Adventure Games • Arcade Games and Utility Software

Mark Data Products

24001 ALICIA PKWY., NO. 207 • MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691 • (714) 768-1551
All Orders: Please add S2.00 shipping and handling in the continental U.S. All others, add air shipping and $3.00 handling. California
residents add 6% sales tax. Foreign orders please remit U.S. funds. Software authors— contact us for exciting program marketing details.

SUPER SCREEN"

the Color Computer Supercharger

A big 51 character by 24 line screen.

Full upper and lower case characters.

Easily combine text with hi-res graphics.

PRINT @ is completely functional on the big screen.

The powerful ON ERROR GOTO is fully implemented.

Auto-key repeat for greater keyboard convenience.
Control codes for additional functions.
Works with 16K, 32K or 64K computers.
Available on disc or cassette.

51 CHARACTER BY 24 LINE DISPLAY

Super Screen is a powerful, machine language program that significantly upgrades the performance and usefulness of 16K or greater. Extended
and Disc Basic Color Computers. The standard Color Computer display screen is totally inadequate for serious, personal orbusinessapplications
so Super Screen replaces it with a brand new, 51 character wide by 24 line screen including full upper and lower case characters. Instead of a
confusing checkerboard appearance, you now have true lower case letters along with a screen that is capable of displaying 1224 characters. The
difference is startling! Your computer takes on new dimensions and can easily handle lines of text that were simply too long and complex to display
on the old screen.

COMBINE TEXT WITH HI-RES GRAPHICS

You can now write truly professional looking programs that combine text with hi-res graphics. Super Screen allows you to create graphics displays
with the Basic LINE, DRAW and CIRCLE statements and then notate the graphics with descriptive text. You can even use PRINT @ if you wish for
greater' programming convenience. Super Screen's versatility will amaze you.

PRINT @ IS FULLY IMPLEMENTED

The PRINT @ statement is a valuable asset to the programmer when formatting text on the screen. The standard Color Computer will report an error
if you specify a location higher than 51 1 but Super Screen allows locations all the way to 1223! You get a big screen and a powerful formatting tool as

well. Of course, Super Screen also supports the CLS command allowing you to clear the big screen using standard Basic syntax.

ON ERROR GOTO

That's right! SuperScreen gives youafull implementation of ON ERROR GOTO including the ERR and ERLfunctions. Now you can trap errors and
take corrective action to prevent crashed programs and lost data using the same standard syntax as other computers. The ON ERROR GOTO
capability overcomes a serious deficiency of Color Computer Basic and greatly improves your capability to handle sophisticated tasks. All well
written, 'user friendly' programs use error trapping techniques and yours can too! Now that's power!

AUTO KEY REPEAT

No more frustration as you edit a long line in your Basic program; just hold the space bar down and automatically step to the desired position in the
line. Need a line of asterisks? Hold the key down and auto repeat will give them to you. Those of you who spend many hours at your keyboard will
appreciate this outstanding addition to Super Screen's long list of Impressive capabilities.

CONTROL CODES FOR ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS

Super Screen recognizes several special control code characters that allow selection of block or underline, solid or blinking cursor and other
functions. You can 'Home up' the cursor or you may erase from the cursor to the end of a line or to the end of the screen just like many other
computers. These special codes give you an extra dimension of versatility and convenience that put Super Screen in a class by itself,

AND MORE GOOD NEWS...

Super Screen comes with complete, well detailed instructions and is available on cassette or disc. It adjusts automatically to any 16K or greater,
Extended or Disc Basic Color Computer or TDP-100 and uses only 2K of memory in addition to the screen memory reserved during power up.
Guaranteed to be the most frequently used program in yoursoftware library. . .once you use it, you won't be without it! Super Screen's low price will
really please you; only S29.95 on cassette or S32.95 on disc!

Mark Data Products

24001 ALICIA PKWY., NO. 207 • MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691 • (714) 768-1551

All Orders; Please add S2.00 shipping and handling in the continental U.S. All others, add air shipping and S3. 00 handling. California
residents add 6% sales tax. Foreign orders please remit U.S. funds. Software authors— contact us for exciting program marketing details.

SPACE RAIDERS — A sensational rendition of the arcade classic. No collection is complete without this invaders type game. Great sounds and tense action. We think
it's the best. Cassette— S 24. 95 / Dfsc S27.95.

CAVE HUNTER— Maneuver your way to the bottom of a spooky old cave to retrieve the treasures. It's fun but not easyl Passages lead in all directions and angry
cave creatures pursue you relentlessly. A fast placed arcade game Cassette— S24. 95 / Disc S27.95.

ASTRO BLAST— Wave after wave of alien attackers— each one different and unique. A great space "shoot-em-up" with hi-res graphics, lots of color and dramatic
sound effects. A continuing best seller. Cassette— S24 .95 / Disc S27.9S.

HAYWIRE— This challenging combination of angry robots and the evil menace will provide many hours of fun and excitement. Haywire is the Dest Color Computer
version of the Berzerk arcade game you can get, Cassette— S24. 95 / Disc $27.95.

BLACK SANCTUM— If you enjoy suspense, you'll love this one. Encounter the forces of black magic as you roam around an old 18th century monastary. Watch out
for the black hooded figuresl Cassette— S19. 95.

CALIXTO ISLAND— A challenging puzzle with an occasional twist of humor. You'll visit a secret laboratory, a Mayan pyramid andyou'll meet cra2y Trader Jack who
adds to the fun. Cassette— S 19.95.

Mark Data Products

24001 ALICIA PKWY., NO. 207 • MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691 • [714] 768-1551

All Orders: Please add S2.00 shipping and handling in the continental U.S. All others, add air shipping and S3. 00 handling. California
residents add 6% sales tax. Foreign orders please remit U.S. funds. Software authors— contact us for exciting program marketing details.

The listing:

^180. ..

.018F

590...

. 0492

840...

. 072B

1220 .

09C4

1540 .

0C5B

END .

. 0E82

10
20
30

CLS4

100

110

100

120

130

140

150

160

170

JOHN W. KOZUBAL
10353 COMPTON BLVD.
BELLFLOWER, CA 90706

' FOR USE ON 16K OR GREATER

• MUST HAVE EXTEVDED BASIC

* NO SPEED-UP FUNCTION USED
PRINT @ 236, "FACES";

PLAY "T25503CSCG05CG"
A=A+1:IF A=20 THEN 120

490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
120
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670

IF N=2

IF N=3

IF N=4

IF N=5

60SUB
60SUB

GOSUB
GOSUB

B=RNDC5) '

IF B=l OOSUB
B=2 GOSUB
B=3 GOSUB
B=4 GOSUB
B=5 GOSUB

IF
IF
IF
IF
FDR

1350
1370
1390
1410

BROW
1170
1200
1230
1260
1290

X=l TO 2000: NEXT X:GOTO

ELSE

PCLS:P=RND<4)

S=RND<2>-1

PMODE P, 1

SCREEN 1,S

PCLS

FDR X=l TO 30:

55CGCGCG

180 E=RND(S)

NEXT:PLAY"05T2

* *#*******#HEAD****#**#. ****
CIRCLE ( 12B, 96) , SO ' CIRCLE
DRAW "BM49,,86;L5D15R5"
DRAW "BM207,,86;R5D15L5"
DRAW "BM168, 165;F10"
DRAW "BMSBj^S^lO"
RETURN

CIRCLE (128, 96), 44. 44, , 1.8 '
VERTICAL EL IPSE

680 DRAW " BM 128,1 75 ; R30U5D5E5G5R

5L5F5H5L30D 1 5U 1 5L30U5D5H5F5L5R5G

5E5"

690 RETURN

700 DRAW"BM128,96;BL75E50R30F50

710 RETURN

720 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 96 ; BL75E50R50F508

50L50H50U 1 0D20U 1 OF50R50E50U 1 OD20

730 RETURN

190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480

IF E=l

IF E=2

IF E=3

IF E=4

IF E=5

IF E=6

IF E=7

IF E=S

H=RND(7)*

IF H=l GOSUB

IF H=2

IF H=3

IF H=4

IF H=5

IF H=6

IF H=7

M=RND ( 1 1 ) '

IF M=l GOSUB

GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB

GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB
GOSUB

860

970

1000

1030

1080

1050

910

1110

HEAD

IF M=2 GOSUB

IF M=3 GOSUB

IF M=4 GOSUB

IF M=5 GOSUB

IF M=6 GOSUB

IF M=7 GOSUB

IF M=S GOSUB

IF M=9 GOSUB

IF M=10 GOSUB

IF M=ll GOSUB

N=RND(5)'

IF N=l GOSUB 1320

610
670
740
720
770
790
830

1440

1470

1490

1510

1560

15SO

16SO

1700

1730
1750
1780
NOSE

MOUTH

L*BERTO

A 3-D CUBE GAME

for TRS Color Computers
TOP - System 100 & Dragon - 32

TAPE $27.95 -DISK $30.95

Score Points By
Making L*BERTO
Jump From
Cube To Cube
To Escape
Snake
& Kool

.anguage
32 K

SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO;

Phoenix Enterprises

P.O. Box 76
Oak Forest. Illinois 60452

tl mPrtSTMil * HANDLING
IHinius Hrvdi-nt!. hirlmh- fi% Sate Tea

January 1984 the RAINBOW 93

740 CIRCLE < 128, 96), 100,,. 5 '

HDRIZ EL IPSE
730 DRAW "BM128,160»U15D15R30U2R
2D4L2U2L60U2L2D4R2U2R30D7D 1 SF6H6
G6E6"

760 RETURN

770 DRAW " BM 1 25 , 96 J BL50US4R 1 00D 1 6
8L100U84"
780 RETURN

CIRCLE (128, 96) ,200, , .3

HOR ELIPSE, WIDE

RETURN

VERT ELIPSE, HIGH

CIRCLE<128,96> ,40, ,3.5

RETURN

* ******»#*EYES*#*#*********

CIRCLE (100, 96), 3

CIRCLE (156, 96) ,3

CIRCLE (156, 96) ,8,, .3

CIRCLE (100, 96) ,8, ,.3

RETURN

790
800
S10
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
900
910
920
930
D2"
940
950
960
970
980

CIRCLE (100, 96), 10
CIRCLE (156, 96), 10
DRAW " BM 1 00 , 96 ? BR8 ; R38 ! U2 J L3S

CIRCLE (100,96)
CIRCLE (156, 96)
RETURN
CIRCLE (100, 96)

CIRCLE (156, 96) ,3

Saguaro Software

7331 E. Beverly Dr.
Tucson, AZ 85710

(602) 885-6508

U^fe*

Business/Utilities

Prickly-Pear Mailing List p.p

(Disk) New V«
Real Estate Investment
SEalisrlcal Analysis
Statgraf

Stress Evaluate*
Tims Mail
Tims Database
Bond Yield

Co- Co Receivables (Hew)
Eight -Bit Bartender

(Office Parlies!J
Colorkit
Disk Manager

Disk Master (Disk) H«w Ver pp
Disk Zapper! ! !
Omni done (Lowest Price!)
Super Disk Utility (Disk)
Auto Run
Semigraf
Move -It!

Automatic Tape To Disk

37.75

PPA

18.75

PFA

26.75

5ugm

20.75

PFA

18.75

Sugar

15,75

5u|ja[

20.75

PFA

17.75

Sagtiaiw

29.95

14.75

26.75

18.75

P.P

26.75

P.P

29.75

PFA

35.75

Sugar

15.75

Sugar

15.75

Sa^urjTO

15.95

D^avstf»bfe-iKltiJ3.00/pfOgraro Arrwiek ds&k ■

udd SS.OO/piagrarn Add Si 013 per iiem shipping
ft*. iX> nuwimuni) Az refJdenU odd 7% Lax

FILMftSTP

$23 75

SUPER WSK UTILITY

$35 75

*£M* $ 29 95

OMNICLONE

DONT BE FOOLED1 We sell

only genuine Radio Shack
disk controllers and Amdek
cables.

We carry PrickJy-Pear, Petrocci Freelance Associates, and
Sugar Software. Authors... check with us about royalties.

990 RETURN

1000 DRAW "BMi00,96SH4F8H4E4GB"

1010 CIRCLE (100, 96) ,6

1020 RETURN

1030 CIRCLE(100,96),5, , .2

1040 RETURN

1050 CIRCLE (156, 96) ,8, ,1.5

1060 CIRCLE (100,96) ,8,, 1.5

1070 RETURN

1080 CIRCLE (100, 96), 8,, .45

1090 CIRCLE (156, 96) ,8, , .45

1100 RETURN

1110 CIRCLE (100, 96), 8

1120 CIRCLE(156,96>,8

1130 DRAW"BM100,96;BD2;L3R7"

1140 DRAW " BM 156, 965 BD2;L3R7"

1150 RETURN

1 160 * *#**#**-**-BRQW**** *********

1170 DRAW "BMIOO^SLSSIEIRSFS"

1180 DRAW "BM156,86;L3B3E3R3F1"

1190 RETURN

1200 DRAW "BMIOO^^SRBFIO"

1210 DRAW "BM156,B6;R5L8G10"

1220 RETURN

1230 DRAW "BM100,865R10L20U1R20U

1L20U1R20"

1240 DRAW "BM156,S6;L10R2OUlL2OU

1R20U1L20"

1250 RETURN

DRAW "BM10O,825613H2"

DRAW ,, BM156,82;F13E2"

RETURN

CIRCLE (100, 96) , 15, ,2, .6, .91

CIRCLE(156, 109) , 13, ,2, .6,-9

1260

1270

1280

1290

1300

1310

1320

1330

1340

1350

1360

1370

1380

1390

1400

1410

1420

1430

1440

1450

RETURN

' **#**#*###NOSE************

DRAW "BM128,96iD10L3R6"

RETURN

DRAW "BM128,100;B10E10F10"

RETURN

CIRCLE(128, 106) ,4, ,2

RETURN

CIRCLE (128, 106), 2

RETURN

CIRCLE(128, 106) , 15, , .2

RETURN

» ********MOUTH*************

DRAW "BM110, 1305R46"

DRAW "BM122, 130; D6L3U6R2D6L
2U6R1D6"
1460 RETURN

CIRCLE (128, 136) ,30,,. 25,. 5

RETURN

CIRCLE (128, 136) , 20, , 1 . 2, . 5

RETURN

CIRCLE (128, 136) ,9

1470
1480
1490
1500
1510
1520
1530
ND 200,3

CIRCLE (128, 136) ,7

SOUND 200, 2: SOUND 190, 2: SOU

the RAINBOW January 1984

1540 PLAY "T100;CDEF6;03;AB04;CD

EFGAB05JCDEF6": SOUND 250, 2: FOR Y

=1 TO 800: NEXT Y

1550 RETURN

1560 CIRCLE (128, 136), 30, ,. 1,-5

1570 RETURN

1580 CIRCLE* 128, 132> , 30,,. 5

1590 ' HOR EL IPSE - FULL

1 600 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 1 26 ; BR20U4L 1 D4B

L5U6L 1 D6BL6U7L 1 D7BL7U8L 1 D8BL6U7L

1 D7BL6U5L 1 D5BL6U3L 1 D3 ■

1610 DRAW " BM 128,1 38 ;BR20D4L1U4B

L6D6L5U6BL7D8L 1 U8BL5D7L 1 U7BL6D7L

1 U7BL7D5L 1 U5BL4D3L 1 U3 "

1620 SOUND 1, 1

PLAY ■ T255 ; 05CDEFB"

B«B+1

IF B-14 THEN 1670

60TO 1620

RETURN

CIRCLE ( 128, 1 15) , 30, , . 8, . 1 , .

1630

1640

1650

1660

1670

1680

1690

1700

1710

1720

1730

0E2G4

RETURN

CIRCLE ( 128, 115), 30, , . 8, . 95,

* OFF CENTER SMILE

RETURN

DRAW " BM 1 28 , 1 35 i H20E2B4E2F3

1740 RETURN

1750 CIRCLE (128, 115), 30, ,.7,0,.

1760 'ON CENTER SMILE

1770 RETURN

1780 CIRCLE (128, 115) ,30, ,.7, .1, .

1790 RETURN

Hint .

Upside-Down Loading

If you've been having problems with I/O Errors when
loading programs from cassette, try reloading with the
cassette recorder placed upside down. It may not be techni-
cally refined, and it may not work, but when faced with the
dreaded I/O it's worth a try. Besides, Rick Bullon, who
suggested this method, says it works for him 90 percent of
the time.

THIS CHRISTMAS, GIVE THE GIFT EVERYONE WILL LOVE!

■ GOLF Tee-oft to great tun with our golf game. One to four players can
enjoy these 18 holes while your computer keeps trackot players, scares,
and delivers a scorecard af the end of each round. Use on Radio Shack
Color Computer (16K Extended Color Basic).

M FORGET-ME-NOT MAIL MYNDER Never forget a Mend. With Mail
Mynder you can update your mailing list quickly. You'll even be able to
print a return address with each entry. Mail Mynder prints on two wide
dry gum, or adhesive-backed mailing labels. Disk System allows maxi-
mum storage capacity; Cassette System stores up to TS addresses. Use
on Radio Shack Color Computer (16K Extended Color Basic).

Q YES!! SBndme iris programs t have checked below 1 have enclosed a check ar money order.
O Send me lurther information about greBI business and snterlainmanl programs.

HURRY! ORDER BEFORE DECEMBER 24th AND QUALIFY FOR A 2S% DISCOUNT
ON YOUR NEXT PROGRAM.

PRICE
EACH

EXTENBEO
PRICE

GOLF

Color Computer Cassette | No REMltOOCI

Disk (No REM1100D)

FORGET ■ M£ NOT-Mnll. MVNOER

CdIdi Computer Cassette (No REM 131 DC J

Drsk (No. REM131Q0)

£19.95
124 95

19.95
11 2 95

VOl

1R ADDRESS:

Sut) Total
i'Sh p;:.rg
Included}

Mama

Tax(NC
Res. add

Address

Total

Cuy

State Zip

BPn

Access Programs JWarKefrrtg. Ltd.
P.O So» 23275
Crwrtorte. NC 19212

US Funds Only

DON JUAN
NEVER HAD IT SO EASY
BUT YOU CAN

RATE YOUR DATES BY PERSONALITY,

SEX, LOOKS AND WEALTH ALSO ANY

PERSONAL INFORMATION YOU MAY WANT

ALL THIS INFORMATION AT THE TOUCH

OF YOUR FINGERTIPS INSTANTLY

(((WHILE YOU'RE ON THE PHONE)))

AND MANY OTHER FEATURES

LET YOUR COCO KEEP YOU ON TRACK
WITH
>S DATE MATE

> DISK ONLY $14.95

COCOHUT

931 WALLING

HOUSTON, TX 77009

PLEASE SPECIFY THE SIZE OF YOUR SYSTEM

January 1984 Irte RAINBOW 95

PROGRAMMING UTILITY

16k
ECB

A Most Moving Message

By OlcgBoyafsky

How many times have you seen your program lose its
"touch" just when someone had to simply read the
instructions? Well, now you can think about the
reaction on your friend's face when he sees all your messages
"run" across the screen. That's right, the following program,
even though it's very small, will move any message any place
across the CoCo screen. While running it, you simply have
to enter where the message is to appear ( letter by letter), and
where the message is to disappear (letter by letter). In case
you have forgotten, all "PRINT ©"locations are in the back
of your CoCo manual. Think of the possibilities of moving
your messages across the screen at an enormous speed. Best
of all, this program fits any size Color Computer, and it can
be easily adapted to your own programs. This program is
made to be used by itself, but if you want to adapt this
"message mover" to your programs, simply delete Lines
10-30, and upon entering the subroutine have S equal your
finish PRINT @ position, P equal your start PRINT @
position and A$ equal your message. Also, change Line 70
to read: 70 IF B$="'THEN RETURN ELSE40. If the
message moves loo fast for you, then enter the following
lines into the program which will make the messages move
faster or slower depend ing upon the ASCI! number for that
letter. (The ASCII numbers can be found at the end of the
CoCo manual.) Okay, the lines are:

52 C$=INKEY$:IF C$ < > "" THEN C=ASC(C$)*5

54 FOR DE = 1 TO C: NEXT DE

Also, if you want the program to start over after each
message is written, then change Line 70 to read: 70 1 F B$=*
THEN 5 ELSE40.

Now, here is the line by line explanation of" the original
program.

Line 5 Clears the screen and plenty of string space for
the program's use.

Lines 10-20 Enter the start and stop information and
check it at the same time to make sure that the values are

(Oleg Boyitrsky is currently a junior in high school. His
main hobbies include electronics and computer pro-
gramming. He and his brother have built a tremend-
ous library of hardware and software for the Color

Computer.)

within the boundaries of the screen, and that the start is not
less than finish.

Line 30 Enters the message and puts it into the A$. This
line also clears the screen.

Line 40 The main use of this line is to create the initial
effect when the message appears on the screen letter by
letter. Simply, this line states: If BS is the same as A$
(original message "holder") then don't do anything; if not,
then take one letter or character from A$ and put it in a
corresponding place in BS.

Line 50 This line does just the opposite. It creates the
disappearing effect. It simply states that: Reduce the
printing position (P) by one only if it is not equal to the stop
position {remember, it's the one you entered in the begin-
ning). If it is equaL then take the first character of the B$
(computer's message holder) and erase it.

Line 60 This line prints the BS and a space after it to
create the disappearing effect.

Line 70 This line checks to see if everything is finished; if
not, then go back to Line 40.

As you can see, the program is easy to change in order to
fit into your own programs. Or, don't touch it at all, and
simply use it as is. Anyway, the decision is yours, play
around with it, I am sure that it will provide you hours of
entertainment.

The listing:

5 CLS: CLEAR lOOO

10 INPUT "PLEASE INPUT THE FINISH

POS."|SUF 3<0 OR S>311 THEN 10
20 INPUT "PLEASE ENTER THE START
POS";P:IF P<0 OR P>510 OR P<S TH
EN 20
30 PRINT: LINE INPUT "PLEASE ENTER

THE MESSAGE ";A*:CLS:IF
A«=""THEN 30

40 IF DOLEN(A*> THEN D=D+1:B*=B
*+MID*<A*,D,l)

50 IF P=S THEN B*=RISHTS <B*, LEN<
B*>-1)ELSE P=P-1
60 PRINT@P,B*" ";
70 IF B*=""THEN END ELSE40

the RAINBOW January 1984

ft ft

Ullte SoAt urate

ft ft

Box 11224 • Pittsburgh, PA 15238 • (412)795-8492

* EXCITING NEW CONCEPT OFFERED EXCLUSIVELY BY ELITE.

* YOUR COMPUTER LEARNS !

* IT MODELS HUMAN THINKING . . .
BUILDING VOCABULARY AND DEVEL-
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* IT WILL ASK SOME OF THE MOST
AMUSING QUESTIONS WHILE IT
CREATES ITS OWN PERSONALITY.

the cJlnimcd

GUESS THE ANIMAL-A machine language,
artificial intelligence program for the Color Com-
puter. You must play it to believe it. Think of an
animal, and this software will try to guess it using
your clues. Watch this program learn, and use your
clues. See it respond with questions. The longer you
play, the smarter this program becomes. 16K
$ 19.95 Tape, or $ 22.95 Disk. (Both Animals and
Body Parts $ 29.95 Tape, or $ 32.95 Disk.)

UTILITIES

DISK MANAGER— Copy any program (or file) to
another disk with only two key strokes. Kill disk pro-
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for disk users. 1 6K $ 24,95 Disk only.

TAPE DUB — Make personal copies of Basic and
Machine Language tapes with ease. Completely au-
tomatic, menu driven. All machine language. 16K
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REPEAT KEY— Have your keyboard automatically
repeat the key that was held down. It's great when
you're typing programs! Position independent code.
Machine language. Both 16K and 32K versions for
$14.95 Tape, or $17.95 Disk.

LLISTER— Would you like to have program listings
that "page break". How about program listings with
nice margins? Works with any printer. Machine
language. 1 6K $1 4.95 Tape, or $1 7.95 Disk.

ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE

t^artA

(Bawdy Parts)

Have (un with artificial intelligence. This take-off on
Animals is a riot. See if this program can guess the
body-part you have in mind. The program learns,
and responds with questions. If you aive it x-rated
clues, it turns into Bawdy Parts. 16K $ 19.95 Tape,
or $ 22.95 Disk. (Body Parts and Animals $ 29.95
Tape, or $32.95 Disk.)

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OS9 Converter*

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COLOR TUTOR — An exceptional program for
Language, History, Math and Vocabulary drills. You
enter questions and answers. Program randomizes,
presents questions, keeps lesson score. Store
lessons for future use. Excellent for you or your chil-
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• Shipping from stock NOW •
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• PA residents add 6% sales tax

EDUCATION

16K
ECB

the

RAINBOW

by Rich Dersheimer

I've noticed thai lately there has been a lot of edu-
cational software for sale, and it seems that there are lot
of programs for teaching kids the basics of math. It also
seems that most of these math programs ask the student to
give the answer to an equation or math problem. So, 1
thought it would be neat to write a program that gives the
answer and asks for the equation.

This turned out to be a tougher problem than I expected. I
tried using the BASIC VAL statement, but it won't accept the
operators (+-*/) as part of the variable. For a while I
thought about digging into the ROM to find out how the
CoCo interprets equations, but ! don't know enough about
assembly language for that. Then I remembered a letter to
the editor that appeared in the June 1981 issue of the Rain-
bow. A Mr. Poster of New Jersey had come up with a
method for changing program lines while the program was
running, lfl could start with some kind of dummy equation,
and then change it to match the player's input, I could let
BASIC figure the equation.

Since Coco doesn't compile the program, instead inter-
preting each line as it comes to it, this technique works just
fine.

The Program

Lines 30—70: This disables the break and [SHIFT] [@] keys

(Rich Dersheimer is the graphics director at KV1I-TV
in Amarilio, Texas. He taught several classes for child-
ren this summer, using 10 TRS-80 Co Cos at the Don
Harrington Discovery Center in Amarilio.)

while the program is waiting for the equation input. (This
routine was written by Charles Roslund and appeared in
Color Computer News, Issue No. 6. February 1982)
Line 80: Reseeds the random number generator.
Line 1 10: Holds the equations.
Line 120: Rounds off the answer to three places.
Lines 140 — 170: Set up the game screen.
Lines 180 — 210: Use the BASIC beginning of program poin-
ter and PEEKS to find line 1 10.

Lines 260 — 380: Build the computer's equation. At various
levels of play the equation will include addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division.

Lines 410 — 540: More screen set up. Outputs the numbers
and symbols used to form the equation.
Lines 550—680: Get the input from the player. Checks for
help wanted, quit the game, start the equation over, and
check the equation.

Line 690: Checks to see if all symbols have been used.
Lines 690 — 750: Build the player's equation.
Line 760: Incorrect routine. A tone is sounded and the
computer's equation is shown.

Lines 770 — 790: Correct equation. A tune is played and the
computer's equation is shown. If the player gets three cor-
rect in a row, the level of difficulty is raised.
Lines 800 — 870: Run out of time routine. A tone is sounded,
Lines 840 — 870: Display of computer's equation.
Lines 900—920: Raise the difficulty one level.
Lines 970 — 1160: Subroutine to solve the equation. The
equation is POKED into Line 1 10, using ASCII values for
numbers, and BASIC tokens for the operators. Then Line 1 10

the RAINBOW January 1984

is referenced to obtain the solution.

Lines 1 170—1340: Displays the title page.

Lines 1350 — 1510: Instructions. If no response is given on

any instruction page, the program returns to the title page.

That way if you go off and leave the program running, it

doesn't just sit there.

Lines 1530—1600: Pick level. This returns to the title page if

no response is given.

Lines 1620 — 1990: Data for title page. Hex codes for the

graphic blocks that make up the title.

Line 2000: A reverse reference that PCLEARS one page of

graphics.

The program should be simple and easy to operate. If it
should happen to bomb out, check to see that Line 1 10 is still
as follows:

Mathgame will run on a 16or32K system, with or without
disk. 1 have included several features in the program that 1
feel arc useful in an educational program for young people.

The [BREAK] key and the [SHIFT] [@] keys are both
disabled. When looking at the instructions or picking a
starting level, if the program is left unattended, it will cycle
back through the title page, which will hopefully draw atten-
tion of anyone nearby. When a correct equation is entered,
the player is rewarded with a simple tune. If the equations
get harder, another tune is heard. When an incorrect equa-
tion is entered, a short tone is heard. This makes it more
interesting to win than lose. The timer is displayed on the
screen and by a short bleep, which adds lots of pressure to
think quick.

Before letting a young person run this program, try it
yourself, but start at an easy level. Unless you're a math
genius, the harder levels are just too frustrating!

The Listing:

»^60 ..

.. 01D6

1250 .

. OCE2

1 420 . .

.. 0492

1400 .

. . 0FC4

560 . .

. . 067E

1560 .

.. 14A0

840 . .

. . 09B5

END .

.. 192C

10 CLSO

20 GOTO 2000

30 IF PEEK(&H3EB9><> &H32 THEN C

LEAR 700,&H3EB0:F0R I=&H82B9 TO

&H831E:P0KE I-&H4400, PEEK ( I ) :NEX

T ELSE CLEAR 700:60T0 70

40 FOR 1=0 TO 2: POKE &H3EBD+I,1S

*.NEXT:I=&H3F1E

50 POKE I,&H26:P0KE 1+1,3: POKE I

+2,&H7E:P0KE 1+3, &HB3: POKE 1+4, &

H22:P0KE I+5,fcH7E

60 POKE 1+6, &HA4: POKE I+7,&H4C

70 POKE &H19B,&H3E

80 R=RND< -TIMER)

90 DIM EA<14>

lOO GOTO 1170

HO A=***************

120 A=INT(A*1000+.5> /100O

130 BOTO 1120

140 CLS3:F0R X=33 TO 449 STEP 32

:PRINT@X, STRING* (30," ">;:NEXT X

:PRINT@66, "THE NUMBER IS";

150 PRINTS41B, STRING* (26, 191);

160 PRXNT@290,STRING*<26, 191)5

170 FOR X=322 TO 386 STEP 32:PRI
NT@X , CHR* ( 191 ) ; : PRINT@X+25, CHR* <
191) ;:next x

180 ST=FEEK<25)*256+PEEK<26)
190 IF PEEK ( ST > =173 THEN 220
200 ST=ST+1
210 GOTO 190
220 FOR X=l TO 14
230 EA<X>=0
240 NEXT X
250 E*=""
260 FOR X = l TO N

270 R=RND(9):E*=ES+MID*<STR*(R),
2,1)

280 EA(R)=EA(R>+1
290 IF X=N THEN 330
300 IF EA<12)=0 AND <L5=4 OR L5=
6) AND RND(3)=1 THEN E*=E*+"*":E
A<12>=EA(12>+l:B0T0 330
310 IF EA(13)=0 AND <L5=5 OR L5=
6> AND RND(3)=1 THEN E*=E*+"/":E
A(13)=EA<13)+l:G0T0 330
320 IF RND<2)=1 THEN E*=E*+"+" :E
ACI0)=EA(10)+1 ELSE E*=E*+"-":EA
<li)=EA(ll)+l
330 NEXT X
340 IF EA(10)=0 OR EA(11)=0 THEN

220
350 IF L5=4 AND EA(12)=0 THEN 22

360 IF L5=5 AND EA(13>=0 THEN 22

370 IF L5=6 AND (EA(12>=0 OR EA (
13) =0) THEN 220
380 CE*=E*:A*=E*:L=LEN(E*)
390 GOSUB 970
400 E=A:A*=""

410 PRINTdSO, " "S

420 PRINT@SO,E;
430 FOR X=27 TO 4 STEP -1
440 SET<58,X,5):SET(59,X,5>
450 NEXT X
460 T=4
470 TIMER=0
480 A*= " " : PR I NT@200 , STR I NG* ( LEN (

E*>," .");" ";:P=200
490 PRINTS323, ""; :FOR X=l TO 9:1
F EA(X)=0 THEN NEXT X ELSE FOR Y
=1 TO EA(X): PRINT X;:NEXT Y:NEXT

X
500 PRINT@355, "";:IF EA(10)=0 TH
EN 510 ELSE FOR X=l TO EA(10):PR
INT" + ";:NEXT X

510 IF EA(11)=0 THEN 520 ELSE FO
R X=l TO EA(11):PRINT" - ";:NEXT

X
520 IF EA<12>=0 THEN 530 ELSE FO
R X=l TO EA < 12) : PRINT" * " ; : NEXT

X
530 IF EA(13)=0 THEN 540 ELSE FO

January 1984 the RAINBOW 99

R X=l TO EA( 13): PRINT" / ";:NEXT

540 PRINTS390, "USE THESE SYMBOLS
it ■

550 I*=INKEY*

560 IF TIMER>N#25 THEN RESET (58,

T) : RESET (59, T) : TIMER=0: T«T+1 : SOU

ND 200, 1

570 IF T=28 THEN 800

580 IF 1*="" THEN 550

590 IF I*<="Q" THEN CLS:END

600 IF I*»"H" THEN 1380

610 IF I*=CHR*(13> THEN 690

620 IF I*=CHR*(12) THEN 480

630 IF I*=" " THEN 550

640 FOR W=134S TO 1369 STEP 3: IF

PEEK(W>=ASC(I*>+64 THEN POKE W,
96 : PR I NT@P , I * 1 : P=P+ 1 : SOTO 550
650 NEXT W
660 FOR W=1380 TO 1398 STEP 3: IF

PEEK<W)=ASC(I*>+64 THEN POKE W,
96:PRINT@P, I*;:P=P+l:SOTO 550
670 NEXT W
680 SOTO 550

690 FOR X=200 TO 200+LEN(E*) -1 : I
F PEEK(1024+X)=110 THEN PRINTG45
1,"Y0U MUST USE ALL SYMBOLS"?: SO
UND 1,20:PRXNT@451,"

" ; : soto 480

TRS-80+ MOD I, 111. COCO, TI99/4a
TIMEX 1000, OSBORNE, others

GOLD PLUG - 80

Eliminate disk reboots and data loss due to oxi-
dized contacts at the card edge connectors.
GOLD PLUG 80 solders to the board edge con-
nector. Use your existing cables, (if gold plated)

COCO Disk Module (2)
Ground tab extensions
Disk Drives (all R.S.)
Gold Disk Cable 2 Drive
Four Drive Cable
USA shipping $1.45

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Foreign $7. Don't wait any longer TEXAS 5% TAX

Available 31 your lavorlle dealer or order dlrecl from

] E.A.P. CO.

P.O. BOX 14
KELLER, TEXAS 76248

(817)498-4242

+ trademark Tandy Corp

MC/VISA

700 A*=A*+CHR* (PEEK ( 1024+X ) -64)
710 NEXT X
720 L=LEN(A*)
730 BOSUB 970
740 S=A

750 PRlNTeP," = M ;S;

760 IF EOS THEN NW=0: PR I NTS 164,

"INCORRECT EQUATION! ";:SOUND 1,1

5: GOTO 810

770 NW=NW+1:IF NW=3 THEN N=N+1:N

W=0:WF=1

780 IF N>8 THEN N=8

790 PRINTS164, "YOU GOT IT RIGHT!

" J : PLAY"T202L4ABG01L4B02L2D" : GOT

810

800 PRINT© 164, "YOU RAN OUT OF TI

ME! ";:SOUND 1, 15

810 FOR X=323 TO 387 STEP 32

820 PRINT@X,STRINB*(24," " ) ;

830 NEXT X

840 PR I NT@324, "COMPUTER'S EQUATI

ON IS";

850 PRINT@362,CE*;

860 FOR X=l TO 2500: NEXT X

870 PRINT@164, "

880 F0RX=323 TO 387 STEP 32:PRIN
T@X, STRING* (24," ">;:NEXT X
890 IF WF=0 OR N=S THEN 960
900 PRINTE324, "LET'S MAKE THE GA

ME";

910 PRINT@356,"A LITTLE HARDER,

OK?"S

920 PLAY " T40 1 L8FFFL 1 DP2L8EEEL 1 C#

PI"

930 PRINTS324,"

it ■

940 PRINTS356, "
it *

950 WF=0

960 GOTO 180

770 FOR X=l TO L

980 A=ASC(MID*(A*,X, 1) )

990 IF A<58 AND A>47 THEN POKE S

T,A

1000 IF A=43 THEN POKE ST, 171

1010 IF A=45 THEN POKE ST, 172

1020 IF A=42 THEN POKE ST, 173

103O IF A=47 THEN POKE ST, 174

1040 ST=ST+1

1050 NEXT X

1060 IF L=15 THEN 1110

1070 FOR X=l TO 15-L

1080 POKE ST, 32

1090 ST=ST+1

llOO NEXT X

1110 GOTO 110

1120 ST=ST-15

1130 FOR X=0 TO 14

1140 POKE ST+X, 173

100

the RAINBOW

January 1984

LOWEST
PRICES"

o 4

New Disk Drives

<&£,

AS LOW AS $159.00

Plus 6 Month Warranty
Even more savings!! all drives fully tested&warranteed

Complete Disk Drive with PS&Case $195.00

Two Drives in Dual Case&PS $359.00

1/2 hts double sided double density Disk Drives $239.95

1/2 hts double sided double density Disk Drives with ps&case $289.95

Single ps& case $44.95

Dual ps&case $74.95

Color Computer Controller

Supports double sided double density drives

with 1 year warranty and manual. . , $1 39.95

Ask about our 3 way Color Computer Drive Kits ...,.$329,95

Diskettes starting at $19.95

Head Cleaner Kits $Ca II

Unadvertised Specials $Call

Drives c leaned, a I igned & tested $29.95

TECHNICAL STAFF ON DUTY, PLEASE CALL FOR ASSISTANCE.

CALL US TODAY!! (617)234-7047

♦DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED.

TRUE DATA PRODUCTS

195 Llnwood Street, P.O. Box 546
LItiwood, Massachusetts 01525
(617) 234-7047

HOURS MON-SAT 9-6 (EST)

We welcome
•Visa/Master Charge

• Checks (allow 2 weeks for clearing J

• C.O.D. Add $2.00

1150 NEXT X

1160 RETURN

1170 FOR X=l TO 19: READ D*

HBO FOR Y=l TO 19 STEP 2

1190 A=VAL("StH"+MID*(D*,Y,2>)

1 200 A 1 *=A 1 *+CHR* ( A- 1 A )

1210 NEXT Y,X

1220 FOR X-l TO 19: READ D*

1230 FOR Y«=l TO 19 STEP 2

1240 A=VAL("&H"+MID#(D*,Y,2>>

1250 B1*=B1*+CHR*(A-16>

1260 NEXT Y,X

1270 CLS7

12S0 PLAY"Q3T2L8CDEFGDEFECP4"

1 290 PR I NTS33 , A 1 * ; : PLAY " T255CDEF

BABBBT4P4P4 " : PR I NT@257 , B 1 * ; : PLAY

"T255CDEFGABBBT4P4P4 " : L=4B6

1300 R*=" BY RICH DERSHEIMER "

1310 FOR X=l TO LEN(R*):N=ASC(MI

D*(R*,X,1>>

1320 IF N>64 AND N<91 THEN N=N-6

1330 POKE 1509+X,N: PLAY "T2550 ICC

1340 NEXT X

1350 FOR X=l TO 2000: NEXT X:CLS:

PR I NT: PR I NT" DO YOU WANT INSTRUC

TIONS?": PRINT: PRINT" PRESS Y O

R N":TIMER=0

FO^MAK

CREATES THESE FORMS

Invoice

Letter

Purchase Order

Mail Order

Overdue Notice
Receipt
Job Quote
Order Conformation

Payment Record

and stores all the information on disk or tape

for easy retrieval later. Figure list, net, discount,

subtotals, freight, tax, etc.

Extremely user friendly.

$29.00

{Freight Included)

Easily customize it with your name, address,
credit card #, tax rate & number and more.

Challenger Software

1729 Albemarle Rd.

S Clearwater, FL 33546 E~0

or call [8131 531-7654 GO

Call Between 9 am - 9 pm EST

We 'II mail you more information and a sample invoice.

1360 Q*=INKEV*:IF TIMERM200 THE
N 1270

1370 IF Q*="" THEN 1360 ELSE IF
Q*="N" THEN 1530 ELSE IF Q*<>"Y"

THEN 1360
1380 CLS: PRINT: PRINTTAB( 12) ; "M A

T H":PRINTTAB(12M"G A M E":PRI
NT: PRINT" IN 'MATHGAME* THE C
OMPUTER WILL PICK A NUMBER, AN
D IT IS YOUR JOB TO BUILD AN E
QUATION TO MATCH THAT NUMBER."
1390 PR I NT: PR I NT" IF THE COMPUT
ER PICKED 4 AS IT'S NUMBER, T
HEN 1+1+2 WOULD BE A LEGAL EQU
ATI0N.":PRINT@452, "(PRESS 'C TO

CONT I NUE ) " : T I MER=0
1400 Q*=INKEY*:IF TIMER>2400 THE
N 1270

1410 IF Q*<>"C" THEN 1400
1420 CLS: PRINT! PRINT" BUT YOU W
ON'T BE ABLE TO USE JUST ANY
NUMBERS OR SYMBOLS. THE COMPUT
ER WILL PICK WHICH NUMBERS AN
D SYMBOLS YOU WILL BE ABLE T
USE. EACH NUMBER AND OPERAT
OR <+-#/) THAT YOU MAY U
SE WILL BE INSIDE A"
1430 PRINT" RED BOX. EACH ONE CA
N BE USED ONLY ONCE. TO USE A
NUMBER OR SYMBOL, PRESS IT'S K
EY ON THE KEYBOARD, AND IT WIL
L GO FROM THE RED BOX TO THE E
QUATION."

1440 print@4s2," (press 'c to co

ntinue>":timer=o

1450 q*=inkey*:if timer>2400 the

N 1270

1460 IF Q*<>"C" THEN 1450
1470 CLS: PRINT: PRINT" IF YOU WAN
T TO START OVER ON THE EQUATI
ON, PRESS THE clear KEY. IF YO
U ARE DONE WITH THE EQUATION,
PRESS THE enter KEY TO SEE IF
YOU GOT IT CORRECT. YOU WILL B
E PLAYING MATHGAME AGAINST TH
E CLOCK, AND WITH"
1480 PRINT" PROBLEMS THAT GET
HARDER AS THE GAME GOES ON.
YOU MAY PRESS THE 'H' KEY FO
R HELP OR THE ' Q* KEY TO QUIT.

1490 print@452, " (press »c» to co

ntinue>":timer=o

1500 q*=inkey$: if timer>2400 the

N 1270

1510 IF GtO-C" THEN 1500

1520 NW=0

1530 CLS: PRINT: PRINT" PICK YOUR
STARTING LEVEL": PR I NT: PR I NT"
ADDITION/SUBTRACT ION" .-PRINT" 1)

102

Ihe RAINBOW January 19B4

EASY": PRINT" 2> MEDIUM": PRINT"
3) 6ETTINB HARDER": PRINT
1540 PRINT" MULT I PL I CAT I ON /D I
VISION": PRINT" 4> NOT SO BAD": PR
INT" 5) THESE ARE TOUBH": PRINT"
6) FORGET IT!"

1550 PRINTS452, " (PRESS 1-6 FOR L
EVEL) ":TIMER=0

1560 Q*=INKEY*:IF TIMER>2900 THE
N 1270

1570 IF Q*="" THEN 1560
1580 IF Q*<"1" OR Q*>"6" THEN 15
60

1590
1600

N<6
1610
1620
1630
1640
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
1700
1710
1720

ELSE IF

N=VAL(Q*> :L5=N

IF N<4 THEN N=N*2+1

THEN N=4 ELSE N=5
GOTO 140

AFF5FFFFFFAFF5FFFFFF
AFAFF5FFFFFFACACACAF
ACACF5FFAFF5FFFFAFF5
FFFFAFAFF5FFAFAFF5FF
FF AFF 1 F3 AFF5FFFFFFFF
FFAFF5FFFFFFAFF5FFFF
AFF5FFFF AFF 1 AF AFF 1 AF
F5FFAFF 1 F7FFF3 AFF5FF
FFFFFFAFF5FFFFFFAFF5
FFFFAFF5FFFFAFF5F3F3
F7AFF5FFAFACACACACAF

CLS3
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA

1730 DATA F5FFFFFFFFAFF5FFFFFF
1740 DATA AFACACACAFF5FFFFAFF5
1750 DATA FFFFFFAFF5FFAFF5FFFF
1760 DATA FFAFF5FFFFFFFFAFF5FF
1770 DATA FFFFAFF5FFFFAFF5FFFF
1780 DATA ACF5FFFFFFACF5FFACF5
1790 DATA FFFFFFACF5FFFFFFFFAC
1SOO DATA F5FFFFFFACF5FFFFACF5
1810 DATA AFACACACACACF5FFFFFF
1820 DATA AFAFF5FFFFFFAFF5FFFF
1830 DATA FFAFF5FFAFACACACACF5
1840 DATA FFFFAFF5FFFFFFFFFFFF
1B50 DATA FFAFF1F3AFF5FFFFAFAF
I860 DATA F5FFAFAFF5FFAFF5FFFF
1870 DATA FFFFFFFFAFFSFFFFFFFF
1880 DATA FFFFAFF1F7FFF3AFF5FF
1890 DATA AFF1AFAFF1AFF5FFAFAC
1900 DATA ACACF5FFFFFFAFF5FFAC
1910 DATA ACAFF5FFAFACACACACAF
1920 DATA F5FFAFF5F3F3F7AFF5FF
1930 DATA AFF5FFFFFFFFFFFFAFF5
1940 DATA FFFFFFAFF5FFAFF5FFFF
1950 DATA FFAFF5FFAFF5FFFFFFAF
I960 DATA F5FFAFF5FFFFFFFFFFFF
1970 DATA ACACACACACACF5FFACF5
1980 DATA FFFFFFACF5FFACF5FFFF
1990 DATA FFACF5FFACACACACACF5
2000 PMODEO:PCLEARl:GOTO 30
rf?%

MARKET CHARTER

LOG

DATA NETWORK

PROFESSIONAL LEVEL INVESTMENT TOOLS NOW AVAILABLE FOR THE
COLOR COMPUTER. POWERFUL TECHNICAL ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
INCLUDING MULTIPLE VARIABLE MOVING AVERAGES, RATE OF CHANGE,
OSCILLATORS, ETC. PLUS AUTOMATIC DAILY UPDATING OF PRICE AND
VOLUME FILES VIA MODEM UTILIZING LOCAL AREA PHONE NUMBERS.

SYSTEM

REQUIREMENTS:

COLOR COMPUTER 32K*

1 DISK DRIVE

PRINTER (Optional)

HAYES SMARTMODEM

(Required For Auto Price Updating)
PRICE: MTS MARKET CHARTER— $95.00

MTS LOG & DATA NETWORK— $25.00 Per Month
PRODUCT MANUAL— $25.00 If Purchased Separately

Send Order Or Inquiry To:

►

MTS

Market Timing Software, Inc.

6912 N. Sheridan Rd.
Chicago, IL 60626

'ALSO AVAILABLE FOR TRS 80 MOD III. II, 12 AND 16; IBM-PC, APPLE II PLUS. ETC.

January 1984 the RAINBOW 103

^A TOM MIX SOFTWARE

TELEX

706139

FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER & TDP 100 • 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 (616) 364-4791*

"4*

■ !

CU*BER

32K Mach, Lang.

$27.95 TAPE

$30.95 DISK

Approaches the excite
ment and challenges of
any Video Arcade. The 1 . © w*-»

hazards ol CU'BER are many. Help CLTBER
change the colors on the pyramid while avoiding,
many of the dangers always present. Vipers, the
Nurd, the Dork, bonus points all add up to another
exciting release from Tom Mix Software.

LOG*

f0 H

DO -*r>

Arcade Action. Method of play you are the Grabber.
The object Is to grab the 8 treasures and store them
In the center boxes. You start with 3 Grabbers and
get extra ones at 20,000 points. Watch out for the
googlies! Super high resolution graphics.

32K Machine Language
$27.95 TAPE $30.95 DISK

jfc, AIR TRAFFIC .
^CONTROLLER I

32K Ext. Basic
$28.95 TAPE
$31.95 DISK

Air Traffic Controller is a computer model of an
air traffic control situation In which Remotely
Piloted Vehicles (RPV's) are operated by the con-
troller in landing on and taking off from I
designated runways.

DEVIL
ASSAULT

16K Machine

Language

$27.95 TAPE

$30.95 DISK

Devil Assault Is a multi-level multi-screen game
In which bird-like creatures, robots and the devil
himself assault your home base which you must
defend.

BUZZARD BAIT

By RUGBY CIRCLE

32K Machine Language

$27.95 Tape $30.95 Disk

We've done it again I You
thought the King was great?
wait 'till you see this!!
Outstanding high resolution graphics, tremendous
sound make this "Joust" type game a must for
your software collection. As you Hy from cloud to
cloud you will enjoy sky high excltemenl dealing
with the challenges presented to you by this
newest release by Tom Mix Software.

"THE FROG"

■"ARCADE ACTION"*

This one will give you
hours of exciting play. . .
Cross the busy highway
to the safety of the me-
dian and rest awhile
before you set out across
the swollen river team-
ing with hidden hazards.
Outstanding sound and
graphics.

THE
FRO

16K MACHINE LANGUAGE
$27.95 TAPE
$30.95 DISK

16K MACHINE LANGUAGE
TAPE $27.95
DISK $30.95

"TRAPFALL"

By KEN KALISH

"•ARCAOE ACTION"*

The "Pitfalls" In this
game are many. Midden
treasures, jump over the
pita, swing on the vine,
watch out for alligators,
beware of the scorpion.
Another game for the
Color Computer with the
same high resolution
graphics as "The King."

THE
KING

32K Machine Language
$26.95 TAPE
$29.95 DISK

ARCADE ACTION - How high can you climb? Four full graphic screens.
Exciting Sound - Realistic graphics. Never before has the color com-
puter seen a game like this. Early reviews say; Just like the arcade
Simply outstanding!

ViSA

Call our BBS Number
616-364-8217 24 Hours a Day

JOURNEY

TO
MT. DOOM

32K Mach. Lang.

$27.95 DISK ONLY

The Necromancer is

about to wage war on

earth. He needs his lost gold ring to acquire the I

power to do so. You must find the ring, take it to Mt.l

Doom and destroy It in the flames from which It]

came, thus eliminating the Necromancer's evil f

powers.

JUNIOR'S REVENGE

Climb vines, avoid obstacles & creatures
to save your father from Lulgi.

32K CASS $28.95
32KDISK $31.95

SPACE

SHUTTLE

32K Ext. Basic

$28.95 TAPE
$31.95 DISK

This program gives you the real feeling
of flight. Full instrumentation complete
to the max. Actual simulation of space |
flight. 32K Extended Basic

OTHER GREAT GAMES

PROTECTORS ■ Exciting fast paced arcade game that looks and plays
like the popular arcade game "DEFENDER".

32K Machine Cods Taps $24.95 Disk S27.95
COLOR GOLF - Now sit at your computar and play nine or eighteen
holes. Outstanding graphics in the fairway or on the green. Helps your
game.32K Exlondod Basic $17.95

'YAAZEE" (C) 19B3 - Yaazee Is a 2 player game using five dice to get the
best poker hand. After game Is loaded flashing digit below player
number determines which player rolls dice at the start of the game. 16K
Machine Language E x t. Bus I c $19.95

BIRD ATTACK ■ A fast paced machine language arcade game. Shoot the
blrdmen before they descend upon you. Watch oul for their bombs! 16K
Machine Language $21.85

MAZE RACE - Maze race Is a one or two player game. Play either against
the built In timer or against your favorite opponent. 18K Machine
Code _^___^_ $17.flS

ADD $1 .00 POSTAGE & HANDLING
MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4% SALES TAX

TOP ROYALTIES PAID
LOOKING FOR NEW SOFTWARE I

TOM MIX SOFTWARE

TELEX

706139

• FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER & TDP 100 • 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 (616) 364-4791*

SR-71

32 K Extended Basic

$28.95 TAPE $31.95 DISK

SR-71 IB a fast action game In which you
are the pilot on a mission to take
photographs of missile sites in Russia and
| deliver them to our processing laboratory
In Japan.

THE KING
T-SHIRTS

Limited Edition

Yellow Shtrt with Blue Print

ADULTS $7.95

M-15tO 15Wt L- 16 to 16 1 A

CHILDREN $7.25

S-6to8 M-10to12 L14to16

$2,00 Postage & Handling per order

UTILITIES

COLOR MONITOR-Written In position Independent code. (May
be located in any free memory). Very compact. Only occupies
1174 bytes of memory. Full Featured. Includes Break-Pointing
of machine language programs, register display and modify,
memory display and modify, and block memory move com-
mands. Displays memory in hex and ascil format on one line 8
bytes long. MACHINE LANGUAGE $24.95

SCREEN PRINT ROUTINE-Screen Print Routine Prints con-
tents of your screen to an Epson, Microline or Radio Shack
DMP Printers. Prints positive or reverse format. Horizontal or
vertical, small and large printout. Print left, right or center of
page. $19.95

DISK TO TAPE-Dump the contents of most disks to tape
automatically. Machine Language. $17,95

TAPE TO DISK ■ Load the contents of most tapes to disk

automatically. Machine Language. $17.95

MAIL LIST-Maintain a complete mailing
numbers etc. Ext. Basic. DISK BASED

list

with phone
$17.95

PROGRAM PRINTER UTILITY-This program will list basic pro-
grams to your printer in two column format. Saves paper and
makes your listing look professional. Disk based. $17.95

IfflBI

EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE For The Color Computer and TDP 100

STORY PROBLEMS is a program that is designed to give practice In
solving STORY PROBLEMS (sometimes called STATEMENT, THOUGHT
or WORD PROBLEMS) on the COLOR COMPUTER. It Is suitable lor use
in either a home or school environment. It Is also a tool that will allow
you to create new story problems to suit your children's needsand abili-
ty levels. It has many features that make It particularly attractive: Story
problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division or a
combination of the four are presented to the student by slowly scrolling
each letter of each problem onto the screen. Up to 5 students may use
the program at the same time. There are 4, usermodiflabale, skill levels.
16K Ext. Basic TAPE $19.95

SPELLING TEST is designed to give a standard oral spelling test using
the audio track of the computer's tape recorder to dictate test words and
sample sentences. Student responses are typed on the keyboard and
checked by ths computer. Results are displayed on the screen and (If
connected) on a pri nter. REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $19.95

MATH DRILL Is a program designed to help children to practice addi-
tion, subtraction, multiplication, and division skills on the COLOR COM-
PUTER, It has several features that make Its use particularly attractive,

•Up to 6 students may use the program at the same time.

■Answers for addition, subtraction and multiplication are entered
from right to left, just as they are written on paper.

■Commas may be Included In the answers.

• Partial products for the multiplication problems may be com-
puted on the screen.

• Division answers that have a remainder are entered as a whole
number followed by ths letter "R" and the remainder.

■There are ten, user modifiable, skill levels.

•A "SMILEY FACE" is used for motivation and reward. Its size in-
creases relative to the skill level.

■Skill levels automatically adjust to the student's ability.

•A timer measures the time used to answer each problem and the
total time used for a series of problems.

•After a problem has been answered Incorrectly the correct answer
appears under (above In division) the incorrect answer.

REQUIRES 16K EXT BASIC $19.95

EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE - SPELLING TEST -

WORD DRILL — MATH DRILL — ESTIMATE —
ALL FOR — $69.95

ESTIMATE is a program designed to help children to practice estimating
the answers to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
problems on the COLOR COMPUTER, it has many features that make Its
use particularly attractive:
•Up to 5 students may use the program at the same time,
•There are 5, user modifiable, skill levels,

•The acceptable percent error may be changed as a student's skill
improves,

•A timer measures the number of seconds used to answer each
problem and the total time used for a series of problems.
• If a problem has been answered incorrectly, the student Is told the
percent error and asked to try again.

•If a problem is answered incorrectly a second time, the student Is
told the correct answer and the range of acceptable answers is
displayed.

•A report Is given at the end of each set of problems that includes the
number of problems done, the number of problems answered cor-
rectly on the first try and the average percent error.
•The (BREAK) key has been disabled so that a child will not in-
advertently stop the program from running.

16K EXT. BASIC $19.95

WORD DRILL is designed to give a multiple choice vocabulary quiz.
Words and definitions are entered into the program from the keyboard or
from a tape file. The computer displays a randomly chosen definition
and eight word choices. The student must enter his response before a
built In timer reaches zero,

REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $16.95

VISA'

TEACHERS' DATABASE is a program designed to allow a teacher to
keep a computerized file of Information about his/her students. There
are many features that make this program particularly attractive.

• Information on as many as 100 students {or more) may be In the
computer at one time.

• Each student may have as many as 20 (or more) Individual
Items of data in his/her record.

• The program will run from cassette or disk.

• Cassette and disk files are completely compatable.

• The program Is menu driven.

• Records may be easily changed, deleted, combined or
added.

• Information about students may be numerical or text,

• Records may be quickly alphabetized.

• Records may be sorted by various criteria.

• Records may be reordered (ranked! based on test scores or
other data.

• Data displayed during a sort may be printed on a printer or
saved on disk or cassette as a new file.

• A full statistical analysis of data may be done and sent to the
printer.

• Student test scores may be weighted, 32K EXT BASIC TAPE $39.95

Call our BBS Number 616-364-8217 24 Hours a Day DISC M2W

• ADD $1,00 POSTAGE & HANDLING ■ TOP ROYALTIES PAID •
MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4% SALES TAX • LOOKING FOR NEW SOFTWARE

TYPING AID

16K
ECB

■

the

RAINBOW

/.- -.\_

Let COCO TYPE Help You
Tighten Up That Typing

By Leonard Hyre

How many'CoCo owners shudder with terror at the
thought of attempting to enter a long 16K program
one hunt and peck stroke at a time. Well, have no
fear, CoCoType is here!

1 wrote CoCoType primarily for my kids. It seemed the
most frightening thing about a computer was not the pro-
gramming, but rather the strange looking collection of
numbers and letters. It didn't take long to find out I was
more than a bit rusty myself. Soon we were sharing CoCo-
Type with other families. They all seemed to be pleased with
it, so I want to share it with all of you.

When you run CoCoType you are first treated to opening
credits (after all I do have an ego 10 stroke) and then move
on to a menu. The menu offers you a choice of 1 ) Beginner,
2) Secondary or 3) Advanced. If 1 is chosen, the would-be
typist is given a set of practice exercises, one at a time.
Typing the exercise correctly four times gets you an appro-
priate musical reward and a new exercise. The Secondary
option is similar, except that we leave the home keys and get
on with those tough ones. These are important, especially
for computer lovers, since we use all those symbols and
numbers. For the Advanced option, the typist is presented
with full-line phrases. For typing 24 perfect phrases, the
student is graduated with honors and given appropriate
respect.

Structure wise, I have kept CoCoType simple. I make
liberal use of Extended Basic's PLA Y command to provide
lots of whistles, along with musical interludes. The opening
credits are controlled in Lines I -5 and subroutine 6000. On
return, we set a series of instructions and a menu. IN KEYS
selection at Line 21 and 22 send us to the various options.
Lines 1000-1016 set up option 1 and then send the program

(Leonard Hyre, a claims representative for the Social
Security Administration, has two Co Co programs on
commercial market Harness Handicapper and Tho-
roughbred Handicapper with Federal Hi!! Software.
He also has had a game published.)

to subroutine 4000 which is shared by option 2. If option 2 is
selected. Lines 2000-20 14 take over. The routine for option 3
is independent of the others and is set up and run within
Lines 3000-3047. Lines 3055-3067 provide the "graduate"
with an appropriate reward for his hard work.

By the way, if you are the one needing the typing lessons
and thus are intimidated by the length of this program, Lll be
happy to send you a copy on tape for $6. Just send your
request to me at: Leonard Hyre, P.O. Box 403, Cambridge,
MD., 21613.

If you like CoCoType, drop me a line. 1 promise my head
won't swell beyond recognition. If you aren't thrilled and
have an improvement in mind, I can also take mild criticism
if it is done gently. Thanks for yourinterest. Have fun! Now,
where is that 32K Adventure program 1 want to type in?

r/i3...

. . 02A2

1002

. . 04A7

2008

..07FD

3006

. . 0B81

3036

. . 0E44

3080

. . 10B3

END

. 12BC

The listing:

1 CLS:DIMA*U8>,B*<2&>:PRINTSTRI
NB*(32, 168)|

2 PRINTSTRING*<10, 168)+" COCOTYP
INB "+BTRINB*<iO, 168) ! S PRINTBTRI
NB» (32,168)!

3 PRINTBTRIN8*(8,207)+ M by"+STRIN
B»<2, 12B)+ U l«an*rd"+CHR*<128>+ H h
yr«T+8TRTNG*:PRINT9TRING*(32, 175)

4 BOSUB6000 : PR I NT9448 , " *»*PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE***"!

5 PLAY"T150O9V31QO68G"

106

Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

6 I*-INKEY*;IFI*-"**THEN6

7 PLAY"T15005V31GGeGS"

10 CL8:PRINTSTRINQ*(32 t 15f>i:PRI
NT-THI3 PROGRAM 18 DESIGNED TO
IVEYOU A NUMBER OF BASIC TYPING

EXERCISES TO GET YOU STARTED
ON THE MAY TO BECOMING A CAPABLE
TYPIST."!

11 PRINT: PRINT-THE SECRET IS TO
KEEP YOUR EYES ON THE SCREEN — NO
T ON THE KEYS. KEEP YOUR FINGERS

ON THE 'HOME KEYS ".THESE ARE —
-ASDF < LEFT ) St JKL J ( R I BHT ) I "

13 PRINTSTRIN6*(32, 139)|:PRINT"*
*#**PRESS ANY KEY TO START*****"
I : PRINT8TRIN6* (32, 159) I

14 I*-INKEY*:IFI*«""THEN14

15 CLS:PLAY"T200V3105FBGF"

16 PRINTSTRIN0*( 32, 173) SPRINT: PR
INT: PRINT8TRIN8* (32,207) J : PRINT"
#*L E V E L SELECTIO N**
"J :PRINTSTRING* (32, 207) :

17 PRINTTAB(IO) "1> BEGINNER"

18 PRINTTAB(IO) "2> SECONDARY"

19 PRINTTAB(IO) "3> ADVANCED"

20 PRINTTAB(IO) "<CHO03E l-3>"

21 I*-INKEY*:IF I*-""THEN 21

22 IF I*-"1"THEN1000ELSEIFI*«"2 H
THEN2000EL8EI F I *- "3" THEN30O0ELSE
21

23 END

1000 CL8: PR I NT "BELOW ARE SEVERAL

EXERCISES TQ BET YOU FAMILIAR
WITH THE MOST COMMONLY USED KEY
8. "

1002 PRINT"YOU WILL BE GIVEN THE
Nl ATA TIME. TO MOVE TO THE N
EXT ONE YOUMUST TYPE THE CURRENT

SELECTION CORRECTLY 4 TIMES."

1003 PRINTTAB(6)"t> ASDF"

1004 PR1NTTAB(6)"2> JKL| "
10O3 PRINTTAB(6)"3> TGUH"

1006 PRINTTAB(6)"4> QWEV"

1007 PRINTTAB(6)"5> POIN"

100B PRINTTAB<6>"6> BRNY":PRINTT
AB(6>"<PLUS 12 MORE>"

1009 PR I NT "****< PRESS ANY KEY TO
START >*** " I : PLAY "T 1 SOV3 105GGGG"

1010 I*-INKEY*:IF I*-""THEN1010

1011 PLAY-TISOVSIOSGGGB"

1012 A* ( 1 ) -"SFAD" : A* (2) -"FADS" : A
* (3) ="KJL» " : A* (4) -" J J LK" : A* (5> «"
QHTU " : A* ( 6 ) - " UGHT "

1013 A* (7> -"WEVN" : A* (8) -" VEWQ" : A
« (9) -" INOP" : A* ( 10) «"PINO" : A* ( 1 1 >
-"XZTR" : A* ( 12) »"BRNY"

1014 A* ( 13) -"CLOD" : A* ( 14>-"SEKP"
: A* ( 15) «"TYUI " : A* ( 16> -"REOP" S A* <
17) -"MVWH" : A» ( 18) ="DALK"

1015 FOR X-l TO 18:G08UB4OOO:NEX

1016 GOTO 15

2000 CLS:PLAY"T150V3105GGGG":PRI
NT "BELOW ARE SEVERAL INTERMEDXAT
E EXERCISES. AS IN THE BEGINNE
R EXERCISES, THEY ARE BASICALLY

FOR LEARNING KEY LOCATION.

2001 PRINT:PRINT"EXERCISES INCLU
DE:"

2002 PRINTTAB<4)"1> A1S2D3F4"

2003 FRINTTAB<4>"2> T56Y7KB6"

2004 PRINTTAB(4)"3> R-/.K-O"

2005 PRINTTAB(4)"4> CATJOBTIP"

2006 PRINTTAB<4)"5> EXCLAIMIT"

2007 PRINTTAB(4)"6> !WXV()*'"

2008 PRINTTAB(4)"-AND 12 MORE!"

2009 PR I NT : PR I NT "< PRESS ANY KEY
TO START >"

2010 I*-INKEY*:IF I*-""THEN2010

2011 PLAY ,, T15OV31058GGe":A*(l)-"
A1S2D3F4 ,, :A*(2)-"T36Y7K86":A*<3>
«"R! /. K-0" I A* (4) -"CATJOBTIP" : A* (
5) -"EXCLAIMIT": A* (6>-*!WXV ()*»":
A* (7) -"A| BLDKFJ" : A* (8) -" IEQUAY":
A*<9)-"9ECLIDS"

2012 a* ( 10) -"qpwoei " : a* ( 1 1 ) -"raz
elbop" : a* ( 12) -"felkrolo" ! a* (13) -
"kripnic m :a*(14)-"danloup":a*(15
) -"arknorp" : a* ( 16) -"pointer" : a* (
17)-"thrisb":a*(18)-"flipbut"

2013 FOR X=l TO 18:B0SUB 4000: NE
XT X

2014 GOTO! 5

3000 CLS : PL AY " T 1 50V3 1 05BG8Q " : PR I
NT STRING* (32, 175);

3001 PRINTSTRIN8*U2, 175)+"ADVAN
CED"+STRING*<12, 175) %

3002 PR I NTSTR I NG* ( 32 , 1 75 )

3004 PR I NT "YOU WILL BE GIVEN A S
HORT PHRASEOR SENTENCE TO TYPE.T
YPE AS FASTAS YOU CAN BUT TYPE A
CCURATELY. "

3005 PRINT: PRINTSTRINS* (32, 128) f

3006 PRINTCHR*(128)+"<PRESS ANY
KEY FOR 1ST PHRASE >" +CHR* ( 1 2B ) I :
PRINTSTRINS* (32, 128) | : PRINT"YOU
MUST TYPE 24 PERFECT PHRASES" I :P
RINTSTRING*(32, "*") I :PRINT"TIMER

STARTS WHEN PHRASE APPEARS"! : PR
INTSTRING*<32, "*")

3007 TY-O: I*-INKEY»; IF I*-""THEN

3007 ELSE CLS!PLAY"T255V3103EFEF
EF"

3008 E*(1)-"N0W IS THE TIME FOR
ALL GOOD MEN"

3009 E* (2) -"EVERY 8DOD BOY WILL
HAVE HI3 DAY"

3010 E* (3) -"THERE IS NOTHING STO
PPINB ME NOW"

3011 E*<4) -"ROSES ARE RED- VIOLET

January 1984 the RAINBOW 107

8 ARE VIOLET"

3012 E* (5) -"MANY A GOOD MAN HAS
BONE ASTRAY."

3013 E*(6)-"I LOVE TO TYPE WITH
MY OWN COCO"

3014 E*(7)-"THE SLY FOX WILL SET
THE CHICKEN"

3015 E* (8) -"COMPUTERS ARE NOT AC
TUALLY SMART"

3020 FOR Z-l TO 3: FOR X-l TO 6

3021 PRINTSTRINB*<32, 173) %

3022 PRINT"YOUR PHRASE IS-"

3023 PRINT: PRINTE*(X)

3024 PLAY"T13OV31030eeB"

3030 TIMER-OILINE INPUT AN*

3031 IF AN*-E* < X ) THEN PLAY"T403L
1 3P2004CP2004CP20EP20L 1 2CP 1 0L24E
P20L30" : S0T03036

3034 IF AN*OE*<X)THEN SOUND 1,4
: PR I NT : PR I NT : PR I NT " *#»**#*«*»E R

R R !#♦**#»»**##" IQ0T03040
3036 PR I NT: PR I NT; PR I NT "***#**##*
#C R R E C T»***####* ,, |:TY«TY+
U PR I NT9420, "PERFECT PHRASES SO
FAR- "TYlPRINT'^fcYOUR SPEED WAS
" | FIX (3600/TIMER) *9| "WORDS/MIN" I

3040 FOR DL-1 TO 1600: NEXT DL

3041 CLS: IF TY-24 THEN 3055

3045 NEXT X:NEXTZ

3046 CLS

CY-BURNET-ICS

Specializing In Educational Software
For TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER

GRAPHIC ALPHABET— for preschool through first grade
designed to be used individually or with large groups; large colorful block
upper case letters displayed on the screen; auto run; menu consists of A, B.
C's with voice, A, B, C's no voice, Next Letter. Random Alphabet. Random
Next Letter, and Missing Letter; Quit Option returns to menu at any time;
computer will advance only after student presses appropriate key repre-
senting missing letter: musical tones provided.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 16K EXTENOED BASIC W4.B5

S#* Mvitw of thlM program in Owe. '83 Rainbow, pmg* 259, £*

SUBTRACTION DRILL— for kindergarten through fourth grade
designed to be used individually or with large groups: auto run and menu
driven 1 levels ; i ) sequential I acts 0-0 through 5-5. 2) sequential tacts 6-6
through 10-10, 3) random facts 0-0 through 5-5, 4) random lads 6-6
through 10-10,5) minuend lo99with no regrouping, 6) random facts 10 lo
1£, 7) minuend 10 999 with no regrouping, 8) minuend to 99 with borrowing
AiO {carry aide tutor provided). 9) minuend to999 with borrowing A10, and
10) rninueno" to 999 with borrowing 10's and tOO's. Large colorful numerals
presented in vertical columns wilh right to left progression. Computer
displays correct answer after 2 misses. Erase end quil options. Rewards
provided.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 32K EXTENOED BASIC (24.95

ALSO AVAILABLE CASSETTE #t

CLOCK ARITHMETIC/TUTOR 32KEB .".. 24.95

NUMBER. READINESS DRILL 32KEB 19.95

NUMBER & COLOR WORD DRILL 32KEB 19,95

NUMBERS BEFORE/BETWEEN/AFTER 16KEB 24.95

ADDITION DRILL (T LEVELS) 16KEB 24.95

BEAT COMPUTER MULTIPLICATION AND
MULTIPLICATION TABLES DRILL 18KEB . . . Both for ... 1 9.95
NEW PRIMARY NUMBER SKILLS DRILL 16KEB 24.95

• Set our Ad In Sept., Oct.. or Nov. Rilnbcw lor description ol CLOCK,
BEAT COMPUTER, AND MULTIPLICATION TABLES DRILL

• All programs developed by educalors and field tested.

• Add 51 .00 per cassette for Shipping and handling. Tennessee residents
■ ! i ' 16 ■ -v ; i a s t a x . Se n d se I f ad d ress ed 9 1 am pad e nvel o pe f or f r e e cata I og .
Mall CHECK or MONEY ORDER to:

CY-BURNET-ICS

5705 ChesswoorJ Drive, Knoxvllle, TN 37912
Phone 615-688-4865

3047 IF TY<24 THEN3008
3050 END

3053 CLS: PRINT: PRINTBTRIN8* (32,1
75) I : PRINT" IN HONOR OF YOUR COM
PLETION OF ALL REQUIRED EXERCISE
S YOU ARE HEREBY GRADUATED AND
AWARDED A SOLD MEDAL! "IPRINTSTR
INQ* (32,159)1: FOR DL-l TO 10OO:N
EXT DL

3056 RHODE 1 , 1 : SCREEN i.O:PCLS

3057 DRAW " C2BM96 , 96U20L7R 15"

3058 DRAW"C2BM1 16. 96J U20D10R10U1
0D20"

3059 DRAW H C2BM136p96|U20R10L10Dl
0R10L10D1OR10"

3060 DRAW"C2BM96,126|U20R10L10D1
0R1OL1OD1OR10"

3061 DRAW H C2BM118,i26|U20F20U20"

3062 DRAWC2BM146, 126IU20R7F5D10
85L7"

3063 CIRCLE (60, 100) , 25, 2

3064 PAINT(60, 100> , 2,2:CIRCLE (60
, 10O),20,3

3065 DRAW"BM60,145|Q4BE4D40R4BRL
4L4"

3066 LINE(50,i40>-(70,190>,PSET,
B

3067 LINE(60, 140) -(60, 125),PSET
30S0 QOT030BO

4000 CLS:TI-0:PRINTSTRING*(32, "*
")

4001 PRINTH64, "HERE IS YOUR EXER
CIBE: " : PRINT996, CHR* ( 12B) +A* (X) +
CHR* (128)

4002 PR I NTS 1 28 , " T I MES PERFECT- " T
I

4005 PR I NT* 1 92 , " TYPE : " : I NPUT AN* I
I FAN*- A* ( X ) THENT I -T I + 1

4006 IF AN*-A*(X)THENPRINT«128, "
T I MES PERFECT- " I T I : SOUND1 25, 1

4007 IF AN*OA*(X)THENSOUND 1 ( 1

4008 FOR DL-1 TO 20: NEXT DL

4009 PRINT«192, " ":IF
TK4 THEN 40O5

4010 IF TI-4 THEN PLAY"T203L16CP
1 602L328P32BP32L8AQP9L 1 6BP 1 603C ■
;IF TI-4 THEN RETURN

5999 END

6000 DATA A,,B,E,8,I,N,N, I,N,B, ,
T,Y,P,I,Np6,,P,Rp0p8,R,ApM
6002 PR-259

6004 F0RX-1T026
6006 READ B*
6008 PRINTaPRpB**
6010 PLAY"T255V3102EE < '
6012 FORDL-1T050:NEXTDL
6014 PR-PR-t-1
6016 NEXTX
6018 RETURN

108

the RAINBOW January 19B4

^Mmr?

NAf&ckyFoOd

Hamburgers, hies, drinks and other fast food & a*e
chased by chattering teeth, Can you slop ihem
before you go ...WACKO? Three tenets of ploy from
beginner to expert. This is number one for fun.
32K Disk S24.95 32 K Caas. $21 .95

RAINBOW

.. 1 1- in catid*

JjttiJMMJ)

Push blocks of ice to crush giant mosquilos and
avoid yetiing stung long enough to get them all.
Three levels with graphics so real you II want your
flu swatter. Don't miss I his arcade classic.
32K Disk S26.95 32K Cass. $24.95

DIESIERT
PATROL

Armed with laser cannons guide your desert vehicle
past obstacles while avoiding enemy fire. Watch out
not to run out of fuel Five levels of play.
32K Disk * 26.95 32K Cass. S 24.95

RAINBOW

You are in a foodfight against the evil chefs. Can
you eat the icecream cone before it melts? Fast
paced arcade action and sound make Ibis game
unforgettable. Fifteen screens and ten levels oj play.
32 K Disk S27.95 32K Cass. $25.95

All games 32K disk or cassette are written completely in machine language. Highest resolution arti-
fact graphics and spectacular sound effects are just two of the exceptional features you will find
Each game records high score and multiple skill levels with play features comparable to current
arcade games.
Other works by this author Rainbow 7-83

"Not only is the action portion. ..spectacular, but the game is a visual triumph as well, .with color
rivaling most coin-op video games."

Order Line (201) 773-3474 - 24 Hours
ORDERS SHIPPED WITHIN 24 HOURS BY FIRST CLASS MAIL. POSTAGE PAID.

Order now and enjoy this new generation of video games for your Color Computer

21 The Fairway • Upper Montclair, N.J. 07043
* Dealers Inquires invited'

Mostwtard,
■

VISA'

G a meM aster's Apprentice

A Beginner's Guide
To Cassette Files

By Bob Albrecht
Rainbow Contributing Editor

Fantasy Role Playing Games

Millions of young people, and many not-so-young, are play-
ing fantasy role playing games, A rote playing game is a
game in which one or more players create and control char-
acters (adventurers) who live their imaginary lives in a spe-
cially made game world. The game world is created, man-
aged, and operated by a Game Master (GM), also called a
referee, adventure master, or dungeon master (DM). Most
people who play role playing games use a formal rule sys-
tem. Some of the best known are shown below.

Champions. From Hero Games, 92 A 2 1st Avenue,

San Mateo, CA 94402.

Dungeons & Dragons (D&D). From TSR Hobbies,

P.O. Box 756, Lake Geneva, Wl 53147.

RuneQuest (RQ). From Chaosium, P. O. Box 6302,

Albanv, CA 94706.

Tunnels & Trolls (T&T). From Blade, Box 1467.

Scottsdale, AZ 85252.

Worlds of Wonder (WOW). From Chaosium. P.O.

Box 6302, Albany, CA 94706.

BEGINNERS BEWARE! The rule books are very difficult
to understand. If you are a beginner, first try Worlds of
Wonder or Tunnels & Trolls. Programs in "GameMaster's
Apprentice"are based on the game system used in Worlds of
Wonder and RuneQuest. For general information about
fantasy role playing games, try the following book, excellent
for beginners.

Through Dungeons Deep by Robert Piamondon.
From Rest on Publishing Company, 11400 Sunset
Hills Road, Reston, VA 22090.

Copyright (c) 1983 by DragonQuest, P.O. Box 310, Menlo
Park, CA 94025. Portions of "GameMaster's Apprentice"
are from a book-in-progress called Adventurer's Hand-
book; A Beginner's Guide to Role Playing Games by Bab
A Ibrecht and Greg Stafford. To be published January, 1 984
by Reston Publishing Company, 1 1400 Sunset Hilts Road,
Reston. VA 22090.

Perhaps you have used the cassette recorder to load
cassette programs into memory, using the CLOAD
command. You may also have used the cassette
recorder to CSA KEyour own programs on cassette tapes or
to make backup copies of cassette programs which you have
purchased. It is okay to make copies of copyrighted software
that you have purchased /or your own use. It is not okay to
make copies to sell or give to others. This is unfair to people
who invest their time and money to provide good, inexpen-
sive software and is illegal as well.

• When you CSA VE a program, the CoCo records the
program from its memory onto a cassette, using the cassette
recorder.

CSAVE: FROM MEMORY TO TAPE

MEMORY

• When you CLOAD a program, the CoCo reads the pro-
gram from a cassette into its memory, again using the
cassette recorder,

CLOAD: FROM TAPE TO MEMORY

MEMORY

You can also use the cassette recorder to store data
(information) on cassettes and read data from cassettes into
the CoCo's memory. The data can consist of numbers or
strings or a mixture of both. So, this information can be

(Boh Albrecht and George Firedrake are two of the
most prolific authors in the microcomputer world
today. Specialists in writing for beginners, they are
authors of numerous hooks, including TRS-80 Color
BASIC.)

110

Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

Color Quesf Games H? 1-800-328-2737

Fast Machine Code • Hi-res Color Graphics * Exciting Arcade Action and Sound

,'.;- C<^"

500^

Ferobcts'
Revenge

NEW

3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE

Shooling aliens on a Hat screen is
nothing like BEING THERE. In
machine-code 3-D excitement,
highest resolution graphics and
sound, you are face to face with the
Guardians: the ubiquitous Fembots.
the powerful Arthroks and the
omnipotent Optikon. Your lasgun
blasting, you hear the explosion and
the crunching metal; you feel the
tension as you stalk your enemy,
searching for the Destrucl Button on
your way to the Master Bay of the
Mother Ship, Can you find the means
to leleport to safety?
32K Tape $24.95 32K Disk $29.95

THE

SENTINEL

3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE

A dark, awful secret is hidden in the
cavernous labyrinth. Beyond the
chasms, the poisonous gasses.
Tunnels of No Return and the
relentless minions, the Sentinel
hungrily awaits! Sorcerous magick
and saintly swordplay are your best
friends and worst enemies. You are
no ordinary warrior in this ultra hi-
res, 3-D medieval adventure! Can
you survive to discover the secret - or
is there a seat in the netherworld lor
you too?

32K Tape S24.95 32K Disk $29.95

Xygoid

NEW

Your ship is being enshrouded by the
Xygoid Web Certain death is
minutes away! You must blast
through the enveloping Web and
destroy the Xygoid vessel before you
are crushed. This is a multi-colored
machine-code game in the highest
resolution mode On a black
background. Xygoid, Irom the
galactic beginning! II will ensnare
your mind!
16K Tape $19.95 32K Disk $24.95

itoMfy-wze

Another arcade hit! The Asteroid Belt
is crashing down on Earth. You are
the frrst-iine defense. You must
destroy the blazing asteroids and the
homing orbs with your disruptor.
Machine-code speed, multi-colors
on a black background - the crash
and explosions of the asteroids rain
on your senses!

16K Tape $19.95 32K Disk $24.95

INTERCEPTOR

Ever increasing Waves of Landers, Fighters, Air mines and Smartbombs help
the enemy capture the Earthlings on the planet surface. Your phaser and
photon bombs will be a solid defense. In multi-coiored surroundings you do
battle to maintain control of your homebase!

32K Tape $19.95 32K Disk 524.95

All Game Names are Trademarks of Softlaw Corp.

ColorQuest is a Division ol Sofllaw Corp.

9072 Lyndale Ave. So., Minneapolis, MM 55420

For Software Support and Customer Service Call 612-881-2777

AUTHORS' SUBMISSIONS ARE ENCOURAGED

Fyr-Drcica

NEW ARCADE GAME

Fyr-Draca (Fire Dragons), from egg
to the daemonic behemoth, greet

you in five waves with nine colors on
the screen at one timel This machine
code game is going to sweep the
Color Computer market. It is by far.
the best game to come out for a long,
long time The real arcade look is
here at last!

Fire Dragons uses the nine color
mode to create a screen of dazzling
color with a black background and a
black border. Dragons swoop from
their stellar watch, singly, in groups
and in squadron formalion. First you
face the single wyrms, then the
squadron, next the twin giants.
followed by the Battle Drake and its
minions. Even with four star vessels
and shields you will be hard put to
survive their spitting fire and diving
attack si

32K Tape $24.95 32K Disk $29.95

7I£Aw

•z

--:

Why fly to VEGAS when you can
have a casino at home! The VEGAS
GAMEPAK is five action packed
games wilh great graphics & sound.
SLOT MACHINE-BLACKJACK-UP
AND DOWN THE RIVER - CRAPS &
KENO

16K Tape $19.95 16K Disk $24.95

nils.

NIBBUR

Ms. Nibbler is not just another pretty
face with glossy red lips. She's a
feisty lady, who moodily prowls her
black maze. This game has the real
arcade action and the real arcade
look too! Your joystick will almost
burn out as you try to keep up!

16K Tape $19.95 16K Disk S24.95

BEVaND THE
GIMEEON MOON

3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE

A dead star . . . A derlict vessel . . . or ts
it? Trapped within you must venture
the corridors; defend yourself
against the merciless gauntlet Of
agents ol the machine mind. A real-
time, high-res, 3-D science fiction
adventure game of mind-blowing
magnitude.
16K Tape $24.95 32K Disk $29.95

Adventure Trilogy

3-D GflAPHIC ADVENTURE

Clash steel with thy foe in the arena
of gore. Proved worthy, go in quest of
the elusive Eye of Dazmor. If ye
findest the orb, hast ye the might to
ward off skem and the fortitude to
restore the Eye? The ultimate high-
res. 3-D quest for even the most
experienced adventurer!
16K Tape $24.95 32K Disk $29.95

THE — ^
NIBBLER

The King of Pac games is here. This
fast-paced maze-chase game will
challenge the most skilled. You guide
The Nibbler through the maze, the
portals, onward to the Energy Pills.
Then the Ghouls, constantly at your
heels, will end up in your belly! The
better you get the better you have to
become to master the blazing speed.
You haven't pushed your skill until
you've tried this one!

16K Tape $19.95 16K Disk $24.95

MaitarCmd

VfSA'

If your Dealer is out of stock ORDER DIRECT!

ORDERING

Make checks or money orders payable to Softlaw Corp. Personal checks allow
3 weeks. MAIL ORDERS: $2 .00 U.S. Shipping ($4.00 CANADA $10
OVERSEAS) NO C O.D.'s Minn, residents add 6% sales tax.

Distributed in CANADA by Kelley Distributing

anything you wish to store. For example:

•A personal telephone directory with people's names and
their phone numbers.

•A dictionary of three-letter words to be used in a compu-
ter game.

• An inventory of your record, coin, or stamp collection
— or whatever you collect.

•A list of your important personal property. Put this
cassette in your bank deposit box. You might need it if your
house burns down or you are burgled!

•The first 500 prime numbers.

•Your shopping list for next Christmas (add to it now and
then).

• People's birthdays, anniversaries, and other important
dates.

•Tax information so you and your friendly CoCo can go
bravely into battle against the giant IRS monster.

•Character records for characters in fantasy role playing
games.

• A history of a character's progress as she or he grows and
learns while adventuring in the GameMaster's World.

• Many names from which to choose the name of a new
character you have created.

• Descriptions of magical spells available in Dungeons &
Dragons, RuneQuest, or the game system of your choice.

KEEP TEXT II

A SIMPLE, POVEHFUL WORD PROCESSUS FDR CoCo

-FUEL SCBEFJ, 'CUT t PASTE" STYLE EDITOR.
-DRIVES ANY PRINTER, WITH DYNAMIC CONTROL CODES.
-RUNS IK 16K, 32K OR E4K. -53K AVAILABLE IN HI.
-lULDIBilKI AND DOUBLE STRIKE ON tiff PRINTER.
-MENU DBIVFJ, WITH BUILT-IN TEACH SCREENS.
-BOTH CASSETTE AND DISK I/O IN ONE PROGRAM.
-SCREEN SIZE 15 STANDARD mil FOR BEADING EASE.
-BRIGHT CHARACTERS DISPLAYED ON BLACK BACKGROUND.
-RAGGED OR FLUSH RIGHT, UNDER USER CONTROL.
-GLOBAL SEARCH, WITH OPTIONAL CHANGE.
-FAST HACHINE LANGUAGE. -BAUD RATES TO 9 S DO.
-SINGLE OR DOUBLE SPACE PRINT AT ANY TIME.
-AUTOMATICALLY GENERATES ASCII FORMAT FILES.
-CASSETTE MOTOR CONTROL FROM MAIN MENU.
-MULTI-LINE PAGE HEADINGS AMD FOOTERS.
-COLUMNAR AND PARAGRAPH STYLE PRINTING.
-AUTOMATIC KEY REPEAT. -AUTOMATIC LINE CENTERING.
-ALL MARGINS AND PAGE LENGTH UNDER USER CONTROL.
-AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL PAGINATION.
-PAGE PAUSE, TO FEED SINGLE SHEETS, OPTIONAL.
-AUTOMATIC PAGE NUMBERING. AT USER OPTION.

THE "BASIC" VERSION OF IEEPTEAT VAS PUBLISHED BY
CHROHASETTE IN JANUARY '83, THE NEW VERSION IS AN
ENHANCED MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAM. THIS AD WAS
PRODUCED BY KEEPTEAT II. THE PROGRAM COMES ON TAPE,
BUT IS EASILY COPIED TO DISK. FOR QUICK DELIVERY,
SEND tif.n, CHECK OR MO TO: — ^

P i H SOFTWARE CO. WW

IJ«00 5.W. FRWY, SUITE B-364 RAINBOW
HOUSTON, TEXAS 7703J ""^E™"

112 (he RAINBOW January 19S4

•Specifications and prices of weapons, shields, armor,
and other artifacts of conflict available in The Weapon Shop
of Rehsu.

•Information about prices, wages, inns, taverns, and
other things important to a character entering the town of
Myboro in Wundervale.

•And so on — what do you want to store?

Why put such information on tape cassettes? Because,
once it is on cassettes, you can quickly read it into your
CoCo and do things with it or to it, as the case may be.
Information stored on cassette tape is "machine readable."
The CoCo automatically reads it much faster (and with
fewer errors) than you can type it in. So, save wear and tear
on your fingers — learn how to put data on cassette tapes.

It's Easy!

Start with two short, simple programs. The first program
lets you enter information from the keyboard and save it on
tape. Of course, this information must first go into the
memory of the CoCo. That's why we call this program
KEY BOA RD-MEMOR Y- TA PE.

Our program helps you store names on a cassette tape.
Well, if you want to store a string that is not a name, that's
okay. The CoCo doesn't care. First, we clear the screen and
tell the CoCo we want to OPEN a file for output ("O").
Output to where? To the cassette recorder (-1), of course.
And what shall we call this file? We do believe an approp-
riate name would be "NAMES."

iOO REM**KEYBOARD-MEMORY-TAPE

110 CLS

120 OPEN "0", -1, "NAMES"

Open tor output

to cassette

a file named

Line 120 is written for Extended Color BASIC. If you are
using Color BASIC, write Line 120 as follows.

120 OPEN "O", #-I, "NAMES"

"Ah," purrs CoCo, "my esteemed human wants me to open a
file drawer and call it NAMES. Perhaps she or he will then
supply me with names to put into NAMES."

Indeed, CoCo, we will add to your program so your
human can enter names from the keyboard and you can
store them in your open file called NAMES. The next piece
of our program prompts your human to enter a name.

200 REM#»KEYBOARD TO MEMORY

21 O INPUT "NAME"; NAYM*

The CoCo waits patiently until its human types a name (or
any string) and presses [ENTER], then it outputs (writes,
records . . .) whatever was typed onto the cassette tape.

300 REM*#MEMORY TO TAPE
310 PRINT #-i, NAYM*

' S

to cassette

the value of

What next? We need a way to tell the CoCo that we are
finished entering names and to please CLOSE the file and
stop.

400 REM#*DO AGAIN IF NOT ENDFILE
410 IF NAYM*<>" ENDFILE" THEN 210
420 CLOSE -1
430 STOP

If the value of NAYMS is not ENDFILE, the CoCo goes
back to Line 210 and asks for another name. If you enter
ENDFILE as the name, the CoCo puts it on the cassette tape
then, thanks to Line4lO, goes on to Line420, closes the file,
and stops. The last thing on the cassette will be ENDFILE,
followed by an End-Of-Filc (EOF) mark. If you are using
Color BASIC instead of Extended Color BASIC, change Line
420 to: 420 CLOSE #-1.

10O REM##KEYBOARD-HEMORY-TAPE

110 CLS

120 OPEN "O", -1, "NAMES"

200 REM**KEYBOARD TO MEMORY

210 INPUT "NAME"* NAYM*

300 REM**MEMORY TO TAPE
310 PRINT •-!, NAYM*

400 REM**DO AGAIN IF NOT ENDFILE
410 IF NAYM*<>"ENDFILE" THEN 210
420 CLOSE -1
430 STOP

Try The Program . . . Carefully!

Enter the program and try it. Do this carefully. We wish
you success on your very first try, S 1 o w is good.

Start by finding a high quality, never-before-used tape
cassette. Don't (repeat: DONT) use just any old cheap
cassette. Treat your CoCo to the best, if you want the best
from it.

Next, examine the cassette. Most cassettes have lots of
magnetic tape and . . . very important ... a few inches of
leader. Leader? Rewind the tape. The first few inches proba-
bly consist of non-magnetic leader, usually clear plastic, or
yellow, or red, or blue, or any color other than dull brown.
Dull brown is the color of magnetic tape.

YOU CANT RECORD ON LEADER

Is the program in memory? Yes? Good. Pop the cassette into
the recorder.

• Rewind the cassette.

•Then, run it forward a few inches so magnetic tape, not
leader, is in position to receive your data.

EAR
ONES

COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE

EAR
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LANGUAGE ARTS

Skill Grade Level

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- Rhyming Words K-1

■Short Vowels K-1, 2

• Long Vowels 2

• Vowel Combinations 2, 3, 4, 5/6

■ Blends/Digraphs K-1, 2

- Contractions 2

- Synonyms 3, 4, 5/6

■ Antonyms 3, 4, 5/6

■ Possessives 5/6

Plurals 3, 4

Pre-Fixes 4, 5/6

Suffixes 4, 5/6

Syllables 3, 4, 5/6

Accents .5/6

Vocabulary 5/6

MAIL TO: BEAR BONES SOFTWARE, INC.

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FLINT, MICHIGAN 48504

MATH

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- Division 4, 5/6

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l-C

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• 20% DISCOUNT ON

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SHORT VOWELS
LONG VOWELS
VOWEL COMBO
BLENDS/DIGRAPHS
CONTRACTIONS
SYNONYMS
ANTONYMS
POSSESSIVES
PLURALS
PRE-FIXES
SUFFIXES
SYLLABLES
ACCENTS
SPELLING
BEFORE & AFTER
MATH
DIVISION

ROMAN NUMERALS
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ORDER TOTAL: $
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TOTAL ENCLOSED: S_

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SHIP TO;

CITY

January 1984 Ihe RAINBOW 113

•Press both [PLAY] and [RECORD] on the cassette
recorder. Nothing should happen. If the tape starts to move,
you probably don't have the recorder properly hooked up to
theCoCo.

•Set the volume control on the cassette recorder to 4 or 5
or whatever works when you use CSA VE&nd CLOAD.

•Type RUN and press [ENTER]. The record light will
come on briefly on the recorder and the tape will move as the
CoCo opens the file. Soon the screen looks like this.

This is what you see:

NAME

•Type a name and press [ENTER]. You can enter the
name of your choice, then type ENDF1LE as the last name.
When you enter ENDFILE, the CoCo will write the names
on the tape — you will see the record light come on and the
tape move. Here is what happened when we entered names.

NAME?
NAME?
NAME?
NAME?
NAME?
NAME?
NAME?
NAME?

ALOYStOUS

BAROSTAN

BRIDLA

DERNFARA

JOLEEN

ROKANA

RURIK

ENDFILE

BREAK IN 420
OK

TAPE MEMORY TO SCREEN

We also wrote a program to read the names from the
cassette tape and put them on the screen. First, we OPEN a
cassette file for input.

500 REM**TAPE-MEMORY-SCREEN

510 CLS

520 OPEN "I", -1, "NAMES"

Open for input i

from cassette

/ /

He /

a (lie named

If you are using Color BASIC, change Line 520 to:

520 OPEN "I", #-1, "NAMES"

Next, check for End-Of-File (EOF). If EOF has been
reached , go to Line 9 1 and close the file. Otherwise, input a
name from the cassette and store it as the value of NAY MS.

600 REM**TAPE TO MEMORY
610 IF EOF <-l> THEN 910
620 INPUT #-1, NAYM*

Print the name on the screen and go back for more.
700 REM**MEMORY TO SCREEN
710 PRINT NAYM*

800 REM**GO FOR ANOTHER
S10 SOTO 610

114 the RAINBOW January 1984

When the CoCo reads the End-Of-File mark, Line 610 sends
it to Line 910.

900 REM**CLOSE THE FILE
910 CLOSE -l
920 STOP

For Color BASIC: 910 CLOSE #-l
Here are both programs.

100 REM*#KEYBOARD-MEMORY-TAPE

HO CLS

120 OPEN "0", -l f "NAMES"

200 REM*#KEYBOARD TO MEMORY
210 INPUT "NAME"? NAYM*

300 REM#*MEMORY TO TAPE
310 PRINT #-1, NAYM*

400 REM**DO ASA IN IF NOT ENDFILE

410 IF NAYM* <>" ENDFILE" THEN 210

420 CLOSE -1

430 STO*>

500 REM*#TAPE-MEMORY-SCREEN

510 CLS

520 OPEN "I", -1, "NAMES"

600 REM**TAPE TO MEMORY
610 IF EOF (-1) THEN 910
620 INPUT #-i, NAYM*

700 REM*#MEMORY TO SCREEN
710 PRINT NAYM*

BOO REM**GO FOR ANOTHER
BIO SOTO 610

900 REM**CLOSE THE FILE
910 CLOSE -1
920 STOP

To run KEYBOARD-MEMORY-TAPE

• Position the cassette and set the volume.

• Press [RECORD] and [PLAY] on the recorder,
•Type RUN and press [ENTER].

To run TAPE-MEMORY-SCREEN

• Position the cassette and set the volume.
•Press [PLAY] on the recorder.

•Type RUN 510 and press [ENTER],

Remember, Lines 120, 420, 520, and 910 work in Ex-
tended Color basic. If you are using Color BASIC, put a
number sign (#) in front of the device number(-l ) in each of
these statements.

•

for your
COLOR
COMPUTER

Switchable Expansion Is Here

CoCo HAS A COMPANION!!

GOOD NEWS Switch over to more versatility with the new
BT -20(H) COMPANION. Save CoCo's connector with the best
COMPANION it will ever have.

• Load 5 cartridges into the COMPANION and avoid the hassles
while enjoying the benefits ot push-button selection.

• Push a Button or select from your keyboard to turn on one of your
5 selections Handy indicator lights let you know at a glance which
cartridge is Connected,

• No More Turn-Offs. Jusi switch to tilt' next cartridge in your
COMPANION. Push a burton to Restart without turning off the
power.

• Plug-in. Fill one to five sluts for flexible programming, game
playing or both. Choose ROM Packs, serial ports, parallel ports, or
disk drives. Then do what you like to do best. The most powerful
and cost effective expansion you will find for just $225.00

FOR THE ADVANCED USER OR
EXPERIMENTER

• The utmost in expansion power and versatility is the BT-1000
Expansion Interface Unit, S250.00

■ Large Built-in power supply W^W

to power your peripherals
and experimenter circuits.

• Space for your ML utilities with optional 8K of RAM. $275.00

nssic Dept - ° p0 - Box 511 ° rtorivii|e . m| 40462

ALSO NEW FROM BASIC TECHNOLOGY!!

• BT-1010 PPI Parallel Printer Interface. Free-up CoCo's seriaj
port. Run your printer at top speed. Five foot cable with Centronics
compatible connector and machine language printer driver are
included, S79.95,

• BT-1020 Real Time Clock/Calendar. Let CoCo keep the time and
date for your programs and files. Day-light savings time and leap
year keep you on time. Save data or program memory even when
power is off with 50 bytes of battery backed memory. Alarm
capability in turn on the coffee pot. All for only SI 09.00. jjr|\

RAINBOW

CCnri,<,iiOd

Technology

(313) 627-6146

• BT-1030 VIP Versatile Interface Port. Connect CoCo to the
outside world with two 8-bit parallel ports, two 16-bit
timer counters and a serial shift register. All user programmable.

S69.05.

• WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE.

For years of trouble-free enjoyment all Basic Technology products use
top quality components and are backed by a full 180 day parts and
labor warranty. We service what we sell!!!

Add S5 shipping 8! handling for BT-1000, S2.50 for BT-1020.
Michigan residents add A'/t sales tax. Shipping & handling for
residents of Canada, Hawaii, Alaska is SI 0. Overseas orders add 15%.
Check, money order, VISA, MC (give account no., expiration date,
phone no.). Personal checks allow 2-3 weeks to clear. COD charge S2
(requires certified check or money order).

"Watch for more peripherals from
Basic Technology."

GAME

16K
ECB

RAINBOW I
J" "L

1HE

by Michael Popovich

G1ME

Have you ever played the popular concentration card
game where, by placing 52 playing cards face down,
you must try to match two cards at a time by turning
them over simultaneously? Well, here's a fun game based on
the same concept called The Memory Game, requiring two
players.

When the program is run, forty squares appear on the
screen. The CoCo takes a few seconds to set up the grid,
placing 20 matching letters randomly behind the 40 squares.
When this is done, the screen will flash and a small verticle
line will appear at the top of the screen. This signals player
one. If player one gets a match, he/she wins an extra turn
and one vertical line will remain. If the player doesn't make a
match, the squares will be covered and two verticle lines will
appear signifying player two's turn. The score will be dis-
played at the end of the game.

The small red square, identifying the player's move, is
placed inside the larger square in the upper left corner of the
grid. It can be moved as follows:

-- Up

A — Down

P — Left

@ — Right

L -- Look at what is behind the square.

/200..

. 01 BA

330..

. 045B

580. .

. 07B3

END.

. 0B01

The listing;

1 ' BY

3 '

5 *

7 ■

10 T=0:MM=l;Z=l

MICHAEL POPOVICH
6 ALEX CIRCLE
NASHUA NH 03062

(Michael Popovich is a student at Keene State College.
This is his first publication and he hopes 10 have
more.)

20 DIM L(50),B*(25>
30 PMODE 3, UPCLS: SCREEN 1,0
40 FOR A=0 TO 220 STEP 30
50 FOR C=40 TO 160 STEP 30
60 LINE (A,C)-(A+20,C+20),PSET,B
70 PAINT <A+2,C+2),2,4
80 LINE (8+A,8+C>-(13+A,13+C>, PRE
SET,BF
90 NEXT C
100 NEXT A

110 LINE <8,48)-<I3,53),PSET,BF
120 R=RND<40>
130 T=T+1

140 IF T=41 THEN 2iO
150 L(T)«R
160 IF T=l THEN 120
170 FOR M-l TO T-l

180 IF L(M)=R THEN T=T-l:GOTO 12
O

190 NEXT M
200 SOTO 120

210 PL=1 : SOUND 50, 1 : SCREEN 1 , 1 : F
OR W-l TO 100: NEXT W: SCREEN 1,0:
DRAW "BM123,5;D10"
220 A*=INKEY*
230 IF A*="L" SOSUB 340
240 IF A*="P" AND ZX=0 THEN LINE
(8+X , 48+Y) - < 13+X , 53+Y> , PRESET, BF
;X=X-30:J=l:Z=Z-l:ELSE IF A*="P
" AND ZX=1 THEN X=X-30: J=l : Z=Z-1
250 IF A*="e n AND ZX=0 THEN LINE
(8+X , 48+Y) - ( 13+X , 53+Y) , PRESET, BF

:X=X+30: J=i:z=z+l:ELSE IF A*="8"

AND ZX=1 THEN X=X+30: J=l : Z=Z+1
260 IF A*="A" AND ZX<=0 THEN LINE
(8+X , 48+Y) - ( 13+X, 53+Y) , PRESET, BF

:Y=y+30:j=i:z=z+b:ELSE if a*="A"

AND ZX=1 THEN Y=Y+30: J=l : Z=Z+8

270 if a*-"q" and zx-o then line
< s+x , 48+y ) - ( 1 3+x , 53+y > , preset, bf
:y-y-3o:j-i:z-z-b:else if a*«"Q"

116

the RAINBOW January 1984

SPY MISSION

for

SR-71

Air Speed • Fuel Gauge • Rate of Climb and Des-
cent • Radar • Artificial Horizon • True Time Clock
So real - you will feel as if you are in the cockpit on
a real spy mission. Elude Russian missiles as well
as their detection devices. Another Tom Mix exclu-
sive. A must for the adventurous. Fantastic
Graphics, color and sound.

Missile Zones

Expanded Map View

SR-71 is a fast action game in
which you are the pilot on a mis-
sion to take photographs of
missile sites in Russia and deliver
them to our processing laboratory
in Japan.

TAPE $28.95 32K EXTENDED BASIC DISK $31.95

iA TOM MIX SOFTWARE

TELEX
706139

• FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER & TDP 100 • 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 (616) 364-4791 •

™ Call direct 616-364-4791 or 24 hr. BBS 616-364-8217

AND ZX=1 THEN Y=Y-30: J=l ; Z-Z-8
ZBO IF X<0 THEN X-0:2-Z+l
290 IF X>210 THEN X=210:Z=Z-1
300 IF Y<0 THEN Y-0: Z-Z+B
310 IF YM20 THEN Y=120:Z=Z-8
320 IF J-l THEN LINE <B+X,4B+Y>-
(13+X,53+Y>,PSET,BF:J=0:ZX=>0
330 GOTO 220
340 ZZ-L(Z)

350 X *=STR* ( X +6 ) : Y*=STR* < Y +45 >
360 Xl*»STR*<Xl+6>:Yl*=STR*(YH-4
5)

370 IF ZZ>20 THEN ZZ=ZZ-20
380 ON ZZ QOTD 390,400,410,420,4
30, 440, 450, 460, 470, 490, 490, 500, 5
10, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580
390 B*= M BD3D 1 2U 1 2E3R4F3D 1 2U7L9 ■ :
SOTO 590

400 B*="BR363D9F3R4E3U2H3L4R4E3U
2H3L4":QOTO 590

410 B*= " BR3B3D9F3R4E3BU9H3L3 " : SO
TO 590

420 B*«="R7F3D9B3L7U14":G0T0 590
430 B*= " R 1 OL 1 0D7R8L8D8R 10": QOTO
590

440 B*-"R10LI0D7RBL8DS":B0T0 590
450 B*= " BR3G3D9F3R4E3U2L3R3BU7H3
L4":80T0 590

460 B*="D15U8R10U7D15 ,, :S0T0 590
470 B*»"R9L5D15L4R9":Q0T0 590

TS6551
RS232 SERIAL I/O PACKAGE

The TS6SS1 Serial I/O Package uses the Rockwell 6551 ACIA
to provide 3 programmable RS232 interface with modems,
printers, etc., at baud rates ranging from 50 to 19200.
Contained in a cartridge pack the TS6551 plugs into the
Cotar Computer expansion port or the Multi-pack Interface.
The TS6551 comes with a cable terminated by a R5232 DB25
male comector. hckided with the package is a terminal program
(cass. or disk) that provides a 51 -column video display, and our
user's manual that shows how to program the 655 1 , the best
serial I/O device available for the Color Computer.

Cost.....only S69.95 plus S3.00 shipping CA res. add 6%
Please specify cassette or diskette when ordering.

(TpT&S Electronics 6111 Romany Drive
ngh (Bi9)2B6-o66i San Diego, CA 92 1 20

480 B*=' , BD12F3R4E3U12":8OT0 590

490 B*- ,, D13USR2E7Q7FB ,, :e0T0 590

500 B*="D15R10" :BOTO 590

510 B*="D15U15R6D9U9R6D15 ,, :BOT0

590

520 B*«"D15U15F10UlOD15":G0TO 59

530 B*= " BR3B3D9F3R4E3U9H3L4 " : GOT
590

540 B»*= " BD3D 1 2U1 2E3R4F3D2G3L4 " : 8
OTO 590

550 B»= " BD3D 1 2U 1 2E3R4F3D263L4FB "
:60T0 590

560 B*="R9L5D15 H :GOT0 590
570 B*="D13F2R6E2U13":G0T0 590
580 B*= " D3F9D3U3H5G5D3U3E9U3 " : GO
TO 590

590 FOR B=l TO V

6O0 IF B*=B*(G) THEN SOUND 1,1 :R
ETURN

610 NEXT G

620 LINE<S+X,48+Y)-(13+X,53+Y> ,P
RESET, BF:ZX=1
630 PAINT (8+X,48+Y), 1,4
640 DRAW "S3":DRAW "BM-'+X**" , "+Y
*+"BDl";DRAW B*
650 AA=AA+i

660 IF AA=1 THEN C*=B«: X1=X: Y1=Y
: RETURN

670 IF AA-2 AND C*=B* AND X=X1 A
ND Y=Y1 THEN SOUND 1 , 1 : AA=AA-1 :R
ETURN

680 IF AA=2 AND C*=B* THEN PAINT

<2+X,48+Y>,2,4:PAINT <2+X,4B+Y>

,1,1: PAINT <2+Xl,4S+Yl),2,4:PAIN

T (2+Xl,4B+Yl>,l, 1:AA=*0:V=V+1:B*

(V)=b*:j=i:else 7io

690 IF PL-1 THEN P1=P1+1 :PL=2: DD

NE=D0NE+l:80T0 750

700 IF PL=2 THEN P2=P2+1 :PL»1 : DO

NE=DONE+l:GOTO 750

710 FOR H=l TO 500: NEXT H

720 DRAW "S3" : DRAW "CI": DRAW "BM

"+XUi+' , , M +YS+"BDi' , :DRAW B*:DRAW ■

BM"+X 1*+" , "+Y1*+"BD1 " : DRAW C*: DR

AW "C4"

730 PAINT <8+X,4B+Y) ,2,4:PAINT <

8+Xl,48+Yl> ,2,4:AA=0

740 LINE(8+X,48+Y>-<13+X,53+Y>,P

RESET, BF: LINE <B+X1 , 48+Y1 ) - ( 13+X1

,53+Yl) , PRESET, BF:J=1

750 IF PL=1 THEN PL=2:DRAW "BM12

3, 5; D10" : DRAW "BM133, 5; D14" : SOTO

770
760 IF PL=2 THEN PL=1;DRAW "CI":
DRAW "611133,51014": DRAW "04"
770 IF D0NE=20 THEN CLS:PRINT @1
92," PLAYER 1 -"PI: PRINT @256, "PL
AYER 2 -"P2:END
7S0 RETURN

<m,

118

Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

The best in

THE MONEY SERIES

BT STEVE ILTH

DOLLARS* SENSE 16K ECB $ It. 96

Player buys familiar items using dollars
and coins to practice using money Mrnsctty.

McCOCQ 1 ! MENU 16K ECB $11.96
Learn to buy and add up your pur-
chases from a typical fast-food
restaurant menu.

MOUET-PIK 32KECB $22.95

A combined and menu driven version
of the above programs. Includes play
money. Reviewed ■ Rainbow 7/83

COIORGRIDE 32KECB $29.96
A great aid to teachers. Records and
calculates grades lor up to 6 classes ol
up to 40 students each. Uses number
or letter grades, named or numerical
periods and gives a weighted average.
Easy to use. Full directions. DISK
ONLY. By David Lengyel.

BEYOND WORDS 32K ECB S19.9G Eioh
These Language Arts programs cover
common misspellings, and synonyms/-
antonyms on each level. Additionally,
Level 1 tests contractions and abbrevia-
tions, Level 2 tests homonyms, and Level
3 tests analogies. Each program has 3
parts and contains over 400 questions
and uses over 800 words. All tests are
grade appropriate. User modifiable
(directions included). Printer option.

Level 1 Grades 35

Level I Grades 6 8

Level 3 Grades 912

DISK VERSION Each $23.95

Ed, Programs For

THE SPECTRUM SPEAKER

TALKING MITH DRILL

TALKING SPELLING TESTER

TALKING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

TALKING PDETRT CREATOR

TALKING SHORT STORY MAKER

$9.95 each, any 3 lor $24.95

GRAPH TUTOR 32K ECB S19.95

Line, bar, pie and pidographs are
demonstrated. Learn to read and use
these graphs. Test mode, Hi -res
graphics throughout. By Chris Phillips.

for kids!

THE MATH TUTOR SERIES UK Eit.
These tutorials lake the child through
each step of the example. All programs
include HELP tables, cursor and
graphic aids. All allow user to create
the example, or let the computer
choose. Multi-level. Great teaching pro-
grams. By Ed Guy.

LONG DIVISION TUTOR $14.95

$14.95
$19.95
FRACTIONS TUTOR (Addition) $19.95
FRACTIONS TUTOR (Subtraction) $19.95
FRACTIONS TUTOR (Multiplication) $19.9 5

Any 2 FRACTIONS programs $29.95

MULTIPLICATION TUTOR
FACTORS TUTOR

THE HISTORY SAME 32K ECB $14.96
"Jeopardy" type game by James
Keeling. 5 categories and 5 questions
in each category. One or Iwo player
game checks your knowledge ot
American History. Different questions
each round. Hi-res graphics.

FUN and GAMES

(ALL PROGRAMS IN 16-K EXTENDED EXCEPT WHERE NOTED)

CIRCUS ADVEKTURE-by Steve Blyn lGKKids adventure game. $11.95

SCHOOL MAZE - by Steve Blyn 16K - Kids graphic adventure, $11.95

HAMSTER HUNT ■ by L&D Weston 32K - Beautiful graphics in

this charming new kids adventure game. $19.95

MR. COCOHEAD ■ by Steve Blyn - Create over 1D.0D0 funny faces.
Sur prise com m a nds. V ery c reathre, $16.95

TALKING WIZARD - voice by Classical Computing - Child-sized

Eliza-Freud game. Computer speaks to you. $ 19.95

PICHIC/TRICKASHAY • 2 Hires. ML arcade games for all ages. $11.35

FUNPAK FOR SPECTRUM'S LIGHTPEM-3 exciting kid's games. S 11.95
' SPECIAL ' LIBHTPEH and FUNPAK

HORSERACE - by RAP Armstrong - Hires, race (or all ages,

COCOJOT - by SGreenberg - Multilevel lotto. Ages S-adulL

NAME THAT SONG I -72 kid's songs to guess.

NAME THAT SONG II - 72 adult hits from the past 30 years.

HEBREW ALPHABET - Learn the letters of this alphabet.

$29.95

$11.95

$11.95
$11.95

$11.95

■**A BYTE OF COLOR BASIC

MORE LEARNINGWARE

(ALL PROGRAMS IN 16-K EXTENDED EXCEPT WHERE NOTED)

CONTEXT CLUES - by Steve Blyn - Multiple choice reading

piogiams. Specily grade 4,5,6 or 7. each $17.95

VOCABULARY BUILDERS - 32K Great for test preparations.
200 questions, multiple choice, modifiable, printer option.
I (grades 3-5), II (6 ■«) or I It (91 2) each $19.95

READING AIDS 4-PAK • Child creates own reading material. $19.95

GRAPH -IT - by D.Steele ■ Graph sets of algebraic equations. $14.95

KNOW TOUR STATES-32K-by l.Keeling-Name all hires. states $19.95

MUSIC OR I LL ■ by D.Steele - Identify notes of many scales. $1 9.95

FRENCH OR SPANISH BASEBALL - By S. Blyn each $11.95

Vocabulary practice. 200 words. Modifiable. Specify language.
Alto in 32K {500 words) $19.95

PRESCHOOL SERIES - By J. Kolar. each $11.95

Pre. 1 -Counting, number recognition; Pre. 2 ■ Simple Addition;
Pre. 3 - Alphabet Recognition.

HEBREW BULLETIN BOARD-by j.Kotar-utility to print words. $15.95
■B-5 Software: CLOCK $24 ,95 HANGWORD/SCR AMBLE SI 4.95

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION

SEAL

Dealers inquiries invited

■•• COMING SOON
AN EDUCATIONAL BBS
WATCH FOR DETAILS

(212)948-2748

Dept. R 227 Hampton Green, Staten Island, N.Y. 10312

Send for catalog with complete descriptions.

Please add $1 .00 per order for postage. N.Y. residents, please add proper tax. FREE set of BINARY DICE, including full directions, with orders of 2 oi&more items

Authors: We are seeking quality children's software for leisure or learning. Write for details. Top Royalties.

TRS-SO Color Computer. TDPSystem 100.

tuc rro—'i'tc
me Lur it J

OOINTCO.
I l\IIIILI\ :

'A Considerable Upgrade '

By Thomas Szlucha

Ever since early man first sketched paintings on the
walls of his caves, he has been recording his ideas,
feelings and dreams in some permanent fashion for
later use. Modern man, with his Color Computer, also has
this need for permanent storage. This need for hard copy is
so important that many experts differentiate "toy" compu-
ters from "personal" computers by the availability of a
printer on the system.

Radio Shack's small printer/ plotter, the Color Graphics
Printer (CGP- 1 ! 5), represents a considerable upgrade to the
simple tools the cave man used for his work. Seriously, the
CGP offers basic printing functions along with excellent
graphics plotting. With the exception of serious word pro-
cessing, this printer offers considerable performance in- a
small package at an affordable price ($249 in the 1983 Radio
Shack Catalog — watch for sales).

TheCGP-1 15 is being marketed by Tandy to be used with
their entire line of computers. It has a standard parallel as
well as a four-pin serial interface, a la CoCo, Unpacking,
interfacing and setting up the printer lakes about three
minutes if you are slow. There is a set of dip switches on the
back panel that allows programming for the particular
application. For the Color Computer, these switches are set
for serial input, 40 or 80 column text character size, line feed
with carriage return, and 7 bit ASCII code.

(Thomas Szlucha, a project manager at Xerox Corp.,
is a frequent contributor to the Rainbow. His hobbies
include free-lance software writing.)

The printer is small, about 8" x 8" x 3", using a 4'/$" wide
roll of plain paper. Printed characters arc formed by moving
a small ballpoint pen in the horizontal direction while a
roller platen moves the paper up and down vertically. The
quality of the printing is excellent, in fact, the 80 column
character set produces about 20 characters per inch which
are very crisp and easy to read. The print quality by far
exceeds that of the typical dot matrix printer, a definite plus
for the CGP. Colors (black, red, green, blue) arc provided by
four pens built into a turret-like "print head." There are
switches for power on, paper feed, color select, and pen
change as well as a power on indicator light. At start-up, the
printer goes through a routine of drawing four small
squares, one with each pen, to verify that the ink is (lowing
properly. Holding the paper feed switch down during start-
up results in a test printing of the character set. Figure I
shows a lest printing of the character set in the 40 column
mode. The normal ASCII character set is supported with
lowercase having true descenders.

o"**^^' f}*+,-./0123456783: ;<=>?@ABCDE
FG HI JKL.nNOPQRSTL!UUXY2C\3-~_<abcde l9 h i
jk Imno pqr stuuwxyz (!) ^0

Figure 1

The printer defaults to the text mode after start-up with

120

the RAINBOW January 1984

the character size determined by the position of the DIP
switch on the back panel. The control codes which are
available in this mode are shown in Table I . These are sent to
the printer with the PRINT #-2, CHRS (X) command in
Color basic. Backspacingallows the capability of underlin-
ing and overstriking; reverse feed allows superscripting.
Print speed in the text mode is claimed to be 12 cps, very
slow. This slowness definitely trades off against quietness.
You can't find a printer much quieter than the CGP.

Control Code

Function

CHRS (08)

Backspace

CHRS (10)

Line

CHRS (11)

Reverse linefeed

CHRS (13)

Carriage return

CHRS (17)

Set text mode

CHRS (18)

Set graphics mode

CHRS (29)

Change colors

Table 1

The most exciting part of this printer is the graphics
mode. A graphics plotter such as this is expected to have a
comprehensive set of plotting commands, which it docs.
Commands are provided which allow you to draw from one
point to another based on a 480x480 step grid pattern. You
are able to specify position either relative to the current pen
location or from a previously specified origin. Lines can be
solid or varying degrees of "dashed. ""You can move the pen
without drawing and change colors. There is also a com-
mand that draws the axis of a graph including the little "tic"
marks along the side. The printer is capable of .2mm/ step
resolution (.0079"). This is so fine that closely drawn line
patterns can exhibit moire patterns.

Unlike Color Computer graphics, the text capability with
the CGP in the graphics mode is actually an enhancement
over the normal text mode. There are commands to specify
the written text size from 80 to one character per line. You
arc also allowed to rotate the text, ic, it can be normal, going
sideways-down the sheet, sideways-up the sheet and
upside-down.

The graphics functions used by the CGP arc not identical
to those provided by Extended Color basic. To draw a line
on the screen with the Color Computer you can use the line
command.

LINE (X1,YI)-(X2,Y2), PSET

The CGP equivalent would be:

PRINT #-2. MX I. Yl" -move to XI. Y I

PR1NT#-2,"DX1,YI,X2,Y2" -draw to X2.Y2

It takes some familiarity but once mastered, the results
can be quite spectacular.

The CGP comes with a 45-page operating manual that
does a good job of explaining each command and gives
many simple examples. Some previous knowledge of BASIC
is assumed. If you decide to purchase the CGP, do pay
attention to the technique described in the manual to change
the pens. The printhead and surrounding mechanisms are
somewhat delicate. 1 inadvertently bent a small, but impor-
tant metal tab used to index the various pen colors with my
fat thumb before realizing it. (These units are put together
by people with very small hands.)

I discovered a very useful trick not described in the operat-
ing manual that I would like to share. It can be quite useful

to run the graphics portion of the program in the text mode.
In doing so, a line by line description of the graphics com-
mands sent to the printer are listed on the printer along with
the value of any associated variables. With this listing it can
be relatively easy to spot mistakes, such as missing commas,
which can wreak havoc with a piece of graphics art.

1 have experienced only a few minor irritations with the
CGP. During the power-up routine the pen holder is driven
to the left frame and continues to attempt to move. This
results in a grinding noise. Consultation with the local
Radio Shack computer center indicates that this is a process
needed to register the pen servo. Radio Shack should have
given a warning about this noise so that new owners would
not think they had a lemon on their hands. Another minor
complaint is the lack of a circle command. This can be
gotten around with a considerable sacrifice in speed by using
a subroutine which draws a circle from line segments. This
could have been easily built in as a command. My final
complaint is that the pens are too small to hold much ink,
therefore frequent servicing is required.

The attraction of color printing and plotting make the
CGP-1 15 an ideal first printer for the CoCo owner in need of
a hard copy device. If you have printer that you use for word
processing and listings, you may be attracted to it as I was
for its graphics capabilites.

T he program listing included with this review is entitled
Doodler. It is a fun and perhaps useful program which
exercises many of the functions which are available with the
CGP- 1 1 5. The pen is moved around the plotting area with a
joystick. Please note that the pen movement is not as fast as
you can move thejoystick. This may cause some frustration
if you are trying to move to a specific location. The easiest
way to position the pen is to use the coordinate positions
printed on the screen as a guide. With this program, lines can
be drawn as well as circles and boxes. Text of any size and
orientation can be put where you position the pen. and of
course, this can all be done in different colors. Have fun
using your computer to design a micro-plotter collage.

V/ 400.

The listing:

0342

870 068D

END . . . 0970

10 CLS

20 PR I NTS 197, "COLOR GRAPHICS DOO

DLER"

40 FOR T=l TO lOOO: NEXT

50 PRINT#-2,CHR*<18>

55 PRINT#-2, "I"

60 C=0

70 Tl*=" CURRENT COLOR =":T2*="PE

N POSITION ":T3*="MOVE PEN WITH

RIGHT JOYSTICK"

100 CLS: 'MAIN MENU

105 H=J0YSTK<0>*7.62:V=-J0YSTK<1

>*7.62

110 GOSUB 350

120 PRINT#-2,"C"C

130 PRINT@5,"4BO X 4SO COORD I NAT

ES"

140 PRINT© 32»T1*;C*

160 PRINTS12S,T3*

January 1984 the RAINBOW 121

170 PR I NT@ 192," SELECT I ONS "

180 PRINT@224, "<D>RAW LINE"

1 90 PR I NT£256 , " < C> I RCLE "

200 PR 1 NT@288 , " 0 X "

210 PRINT@320,"RINT TEXT

220 PRINT@352, "<N>EW COLOR"

230 PRINT@384, "<Q>UIT"

235 PRINT&416, "SELECTION PLEASE:

240 K*=INKEY*
230 IF K*-"D" THEN
260 IF K*="C" THEN
270 IF K*="B" THEN
280 IF K*="P" THEN
290 IF K*="N" THEN
300 IF K*="Q" THEN
:CLS:END

305 H=JOYSTK(0>*7.61:V=-JOYSTK<1
>*7.61

310 PRINT@64,T2S;"X=";INT<H>;"Y=
"5 INT(-V)

320 PRINT#-2, "M"H","V
SOTO 240

400

600

800

1000

1200

PRINT#-2,"A"

330

350 IF C=0 THEN

360 IF C=l THEN

370 IF C=2 THEN

380 IF C=3 THEN

390 RETURN

4O0 CLS

410 H=J0YSTK<0)*7.61:V=-J0Y5TK(1

C*=" BLACK"
C*="BLUE"
C*=" GREEN"
C*="RED"

>*7.61

420 PRINTSO, "DRAW SUBROUTINE"

430 PRINT«128,T3*

450 PRINT@192,"<X> TO EXIT

460 PRINT@32,T1*;C*

470 PRINTS64, T2«; "X=" % INT (H) % "Y*»

"INT(-V>

480 K*«INKEY*

490 IF K*=>"X" THEN 100

500 IF K*="N" THEN 1200

510 PRINT#-2,"D"H","V

520 G0T0410

600 CL3

610 PRINT@0, "CIRCLE SUBROUTINE"

620 PRINT@32,T1*;C*

630 PRINT@64,T2*i "X="; INT (H> ; "Y=

"INT(-V>

640 PRINT8128, "INPUT RADIUS (1-2

40> ";: INPUT R

650 IF R>5 THEN PRINTS160, "CIRCL

ES ARE SLOW BUT WORTH IT"

660 PRINT#-2, "M"H" , "V+R

FOR Y=V+R TO V-R STEP -1
X=H+SQR(R*R-<Y-V)*(Y-V> )

670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740

PRINT#-2, "D"X", "Y

NEXTY

FOR Y=V-R TO V+R

X=H-5QR(R*R-(Y-V)*<Y-V>>

PRINT#-2,"D"X","Y

NEXTY

ANALOG MICRO SYSTEMS

5660 Valmont Road
Boulder, Colorado 80301
(303) 444-6809

RDBDT- /

Computer Servo
Controlled Robot Arm

Keyboard or Joystick

Control;
Plugs Into Your Co Co;
Remembers Everything

It Did -
Does It Again!
Includes All Software:
Includes Power Supply,
6 Channel Servo

Controller,
Robot-1 and Cables
Order Robot 1-C

$395.00

Also SS-50 Version

Available
Order Robot-1 S

$395.00

Free Catalog

122

the RAINBOW January 19S4

750 GOTO 100

1020

PRINT@64, T2*; ,, X = ";INT(H)S"

800 CLS:D=0:B*=" ,,

Y="; INT(-V>

810 PRINT@0, "BOX SUBROUTINE"

1040

PRINTS96, " "

820 PRINT@32,T1*;C*

1050

INPUT"SELECT CHARACTER SIZE

830 H=INT(J0YSTK(0)*7.61>:V=-INT

(0-63) ";s

<J0YSTK(1)*7.61>

1060

PRINT@160, "ORIENTATION: "

840 PRINT@64,T2*;"X="SH;"Y=";-V

1070

PRINT@192»"0= NORMAL 1

850 IF D=0 THEN PR I NTS 128, "POSIT

= RIGHTSIDE"

ION PEN TO FIRST CORNER ANDPRESS

1080

PRINT@224,"2= UPSIDE DOWN 3

<A>

=LEFTSIDE"

860 IF D=l THEN PRINT@128, "POSIT

1090

INPUT Q

ION PEN TO DIAGONAL CORNER AND P

1095

PRINT@288 !1 , 'ENTER TEXT DESIR

RESS <Z>"

ED"

870 PRINT#-2, "M"H", "V

1100

INPUT T*

880 B*=INKEY*

1110

PRINT#-2, "S"S

890 IF B*="Z" THEN 940

1120

PRINT#-2,"0"Q

900 IF B*="A" THEN 910 ELSE 830

1130

T*="P"+T*

910 X1=H:Y1=V:B*="":D=1

1140

PRINT#-2,T*

920 PRINT#-2,"J1,0"

1150

GOTO 100

930 GOTO 830

1200

CLS:

940 X2=H:Y2=V:D=0

1210

PRINTSO, "COLOR CHANGE"

950 GOTO 970

1220

PRINT@32,T1*;C*

960 PRINT#-2, ,, M"X1 ,, ,Y1"

1230

PR I NT@96 , " 0=BL ACK I =BLUE

970 PRINT#~2, "D"X2", "Yl*\ "XI", "Y

1» S1 »X1" P U Y2 ,, S "X2", "Y2

975 PR I NT#~2 , " M " H " , " V

980 GOTOIOO

1000 CLS: PRINTSO, "PRINT SUBROUT

INE'^T*^'"

1010 PRINT@32,T2*?C*

1 240 PR I NTH 128," 2=GREEN

3=RED

1250 PRINTS 192, "COLOR DESIRED "
1260 INPUT C
1270 GOTO 100

Talk is Cheap!

You want your color computer to talk,
but how much will it cost?
$50 . . . $100 . . . $200 ... NO!

HOW ABOUT $29"?

SPEAK UP!™ is a machine language
Voice Synthesizer program for your
TRS-80 Color Computer.* It is
100% software. Nothing else to buy.
Best of all, YOU can make
basic programs talk!

16K and 32K versions on one cassette.
Has text to speech capability.

It's easy to use, and will say
virtually anything!

Talk really is cheap!

RAINBOW

CEHTPffCATlD«
SEAL

Reviewed in the April issue of Rainbow.

COD orders, checks accepted - NO DELAY
WE PAY POSTAGE

1-800-334-0854, ext. 890
Except North Carolina

*T.M. Tandy Corp.

16k minimum

&04dtea6 gamfutfiHf, Inc.

P.O. Box 3318
Chapel Hill, NC 27515

January 1984 Ihe RAINBOW 123

UTILITY

16K

the
RAINBOW

7- -V

VISIBLE CHECK REGISTER

By Sid Brooks

Visible Check Register will provide you with a monthly
record of your checking account and a summary by
account number and dollar amount of where your
money is being spent. All of this is easily saved and retrieved
on tape.

This is my first computer program and I hope you enjoy
running and modifying it as much as I have. It started out as
the checkbook program on Page 227 of the manual.

After running that program as listed, 1 was disappointed
to learn that the neat little table shown in the book never
actually appeared on screen but was simply a table of the
information being processed. The first step was to develop a
display that looked as much as possible like my check book
register, then, account totalizing, which is a very nice way to
see where the family money is going.

When CoCo was turned off, all of the input was lost, so,
the next development was input and output to tape. You can
imagine, I'm sure, typing in 20 or 30 entries to see if the
display scrolls properly only to realize that the [BREAK]
button would again have to be pressed and another brain-
storm would have to manifest itself to correct this or that. By
this time, there were enough facets to the program to war-
rant a menu. Then came the edit feature and finally the
jumping cursor. (No small feat). The listing represents 61
major modifications and approximately five months of
learning.

1 plan to add a bar graph to represent the account totals as
they relate to a budget. This could be entered from tape as
are the account names. Finally, output to a printer, and then
it will be possible to do the accounting of a family or even a
small business in a very professional manner with monthly
statements and all.

If anyone would like a copy of this program on tape,
please send $4 and a blank 30 minute cassette and I'll
CSA VE it five times and check it to be sure each loads
properly and then mail it right back to you.

To run the program, CLOA ZTCHECKS"and follow this
guide.

1. Type RUN.

2. Type Y or N for prior month review.

A. If Y: load tape to be reviewed. Press play button on

the recorder and [ENTER]. Previous listed ac-
counts and entries will be available for all program
functions.

B. If N: You will be informed that 50 accounts are
available and that you may use up to 14 spaces in
their title.

Type number of accounts required and [ENTER].

Type name of account and [ENTER]. Continue until

all accounts requested have been named.

The MENU should now appear.

Press [ENTER] and type the date of 1st entry using

four digits. Example: 1131 for Nov. 31. Then, [ENTER],

7. Type three-digit number. Press [ENTER]. This number

must be 1 1 1 to 999.

8. If this is first entry for the period, it should be entered
as a deposit. Type D.

9. Type amount of the beginning balance using the
decimal point in the normal fashion. Press [ENTER].
Entry will appear on the screen very similar to the way
it appears in a check register.
Editing.

A. If all looks correct press [ENTER] two times and
continue,

B. If a mistake has been made, press [DOWN
ARROW] to activate the editing feature. The cur-
sor will move to just below the last entry. Press the
[UP ARROW] to position the cursor on the line
needing correction. Now press[ENTER] two times
and make the corrected entry. Press the [UP] and
[DOWN ARROWS] to scroll. Press the [DOWN
AR ROW] until the cursor returns to the space just
after the word POSITION at bottom of screen.

12. Press [ENTER] one time to return to the MENU,

13. It will save time to do the following:

A. After typing names of accounts, insert a blank tape
and press record and play buttons on the recorder
and press 4.

B. Label this tape for the family or business that it
pertains to. Subsequent periods will not require
typing in all the accounts if this tape is loaded in
the same manner as a prior month review.

(Sid Brooks is a 1961 graduate of Miami. Florida's
Coral Gabies High School. He operates a computer-
ized supply room for Louis Rich Foods in Newberry,
SC by using IBM terminals hooked to a mainframe
with Oscar-Mayer in Madison, Wl.)

124

r/™..

. 025C 1090 .

. , 0E03

> 380 . .

. .04C4 1281 .

. 10CA

580..

..078A 1470 .

. . 03F0

I 830. .

. 0AF9 END .

.. 1628

The listing:

10 CLS: PRINTS (200) , "CHECK RESIST

the RAINBOW January 1984

S.O.BROOKS
NEWBERRY S

20 forj-itoiooo:nextj:j«o:cls

30 DIMF*(39):DIMA<6p30>

40 DIMB<30>:DIMC<30>

SO N*-"DATE NUM # DEP CHECK

BAL "
60 PRINT9(I96) P "PRI0R MONTH REVI
EW (Y/N)"
70 I4-INKEY*

BO IFI*="Y"THEN165OELSE90
90 IFI*«"N"THEN100ELSE70
100 PRINT8C194),"Y0U HAY USE UP
TO 14 SPACES EACH TO NAME UP

TO 50 ACCTS":F0RJ*1T02000:NEXTJ

:j-o:cls

110 CLS:PRINT9U96) i "H0W MANY AC
COUNTS DO YOU REQUIRE FOR

THIS LISTING": INPUT"
"JB
120 IFB>99 THEN HO
130 H-l

140 CLS: SOTO 1420
150 CLS:W*W+1
160 IF B<1 THEN B-l
170 PRINT9 (198), "DATE OF TRANS
ACTION": PRINT: INPUT"

"lACl.W)
ISO IF A(1,WX101 OR A(1 P W>M231

THEN 170
190 CLS

200 PRINT 9(195) p "NUMBER OF DEPO
SIT OR CHECK": PR I NT: INPUT"

",A(2,W)
210 IF A<2pWXlll OR A(2,W)>999
THEN 200
220 CLS

230 PRINT9(197) P "TYFE <D) FOR DE
POSIT TYPE (C) FOR CH

ECK

240 IF A(4,W>>0 THEN 320 ELSE 25

250 IF A(5pW>>0 THEN 870 ELSE 26

260 Y*-INKEY*

270 IF Y*<>"D" THEN 280 ELSE 320
280 IF Y«<>"C" THEN 230 ELSE B70
290 CLS
300 Q0T0150
310 END

320 CLS ! PRINT 9 ( 198) , "AMOUNT OF
DEPOS I T " : PR I NT : I NPUT "

"pA<4,W>:S0UND225p2:CLS:IF A<4
,W)<1 OR A(4,W>>9999.99 THEN 320
330 A<6,W>=A<6, <W-i) >+A(4,W)
340 IF W>9 THEN WW*9
350 IF W<10 THEN M-W ELSE M-9
360 IF CC**CHR*(94> THEN 380 ELS
E 370

370 CL8(1)

380 SET<8p0pl):SET(9,0, 1):SET(8,

l,l>:SET<9p Ipl)

390 PRINTS <0)pN*

400 S-l:B0T0420

410 S-B+l

420 IF W>9 THEN WW-WW- 1

430 IF W>9 THEN 9S-W-WW

440 IF W<10 THEN SS-S

450 IF A(lpSS)>0 THEN PRINT8(0+<

S#32) ) , USIN8"####" f A ( 1 f SS) |

460 IF A(2pSS)>0 THEN PRINT«<4+<

S*32> ) p USINQ"*#*#" I A (2, 88) I

470 IF A(3,SS)>0 THEN PRINT 9(9+

(8*32) ) ,USIN8' , ##"|A(3 P SS) f

480 IF A(3 p SS)-0 THEN PRINT9(9+<

S*32> ) , " "

490 IF A(4pSS)>0 THEN PRINT 9<11

+ <S#32>>, USING "####.## "| A (4, SS>,

500 IF A(4,SS>=0 THEN PRINT9U2 +

(8*32) ) , " ■

510 IF A(4pS8)>0 THEN A(6,BS)-A<

6, (SS-1))+A(4,8S> ELSE 520

520 IF A(5 f SS)>0 THEN PRINT8U7+

(8*32) > p USlNG"##4t#. ##" | A <5p 88) I
530 IF A<5pSS>-0 THEN PRINT© < 18+

(8*32) > p "

540 IF A(5,SS)>0 THEN A(6,SS>-A(

6p (SB-1))-A(5,SS) ELSE 550

550 IF A(6pSS)<>0 THEN PRINT8(24

+ (S*32) ) p USING "##*#*>. ##" , A (6, 3S>

555 IF A(6, (W+1))-A(6 P W) THEN 57

ELSE 560

560 IF S>8 THEN 570 ELSE 410

570 PRINT9(0),N*

580 WW»0:SS=0

590 PRINT9 (425), "POSITION

THEN PRESS < ENTER >"
595 IF A (6, (W+1))«0 THEN 610 ELS
E 600

600 IF TT-0 THEN 610 ELSE 680
610 FOR X«2 TO 8

620 SET(44p26,X):SET(45p26,X):8E
T(44,27pX):SET(45,27,X)
630 CCC*«INKEY*

640 IF CCC*-CHR*(94) THEN 6*0 EL
SE 650

650 IF CCC*=»CHR*(13> THEN 1280 E
L8E 660

660 IF CCC*-CHR*(10) THEN 680 EL
SE 670

670 NEXT X:GOT0610
680 PRINT9(434)p"

690 IF W>8 THEN X-20 ELSE X=(W*2
>+2

700 IF CC«OCHR*(94) THEN 710 EL
SE X=2

710 FOR DD-2 TO 8
720 SET(8pX,DD):SET(9pX,DD):8ET(

January 1984 the RAINBOW 125

8, (X+1),DD):SET<9, <X+l) f DD)

730 CC*-INKEY*

740 IF CC*-CHR*(94) AND X>1 THEN

730 ELSE 790
750 IF X>2 THEN 760 ELSE 770
760 BET(S p X,l):BET(9 f X p l>:SET(8,

<x+1),i>:set<9, (x+i),i):x«x-2

770 W-W-l:TT»TT+l:IF X<2 THEN X-

7S0 IF X-2 THEN 340 ELSE 790

790 IF CC*«CHR«(10) AND X<21 THE

N BOO ELSE 840

800 IF X<21 THEN 810 ELSE 820

810 SET<8 f X,l>:SET<9,X,l):SET(8,

<X+1) f 1) :SET(9, (X+l) , 1> :X=X+2

B20 W-W+l'.TT-TT-l:IF X>20 THEN X

-20

830 IF W>TT THEN PRINT* (32) ,N»:P

RINT8 (384) , " " : PRINT; PRINT: PRINT:

PRINTX42S) , "POSSITION

THEN PRESS <ENTER>":S-
9:Q0T0410

840 IF CC*=»CHR*(13> THEN 860 ELS
E 650

850 NEXT DD:S0T0710
B60 60T01280

870 CLS: PRINT* (198) ."ACCOUNT NUM
BER": INPUT" "IA(3,W

>:cls

Color Graphic
Printer
Package

S18

A set oi three useful programs for the
CGP-115.

BAH GRAPH — Good looking, accur-
ate graphs with automatic height ad-
justment

PIE GRAPH — Any number oi slices,
units adjusted, easy labeling, screen or
printer.

COMMAND PROCESSOR — Lels you
input, edit, list, and execute a list of
CGP commands — A necessity lor CGP
owners. It was used to design this ad.

DUNGEON MASTER $14

A program tar ihe DM of a 040 FRPG,
Bolts characters, lata you draw maps,
rolls dies, generals namas. keeps 12
maps/characters or text screens in
memory, saves anything to lape.

GAME PACKAGE 2 $16

A collection of fourteen original BASIC
games. Tilfes include: Mastermind,
Allen Defense. Sptke. and MX Missile
Peace Keeper Game-

The tytagonf/y
Fan

Mfd. by
PIEZO
ELECTRIC

PRODUCTS, INC.

Only $18

+ S1 shipping

The b lades of
this fan vibrate
like the wings of
a dragonfly instead
of spin, to produce
extremely efficient
cooling.

MOUNTS EASILY Inside. No solder-
ing.

NO WE AR I NG P ARTS — virtually in-
finite fife expectancy.
Low noise and no television inter-
ference.

INEXPENSIVE — Less than half Ihe
price of other lens, eno well below
the price of replacing ovemeaiefl
parts.

ALL SOFTWARE:

On cassette

POST PAID. Requires 16K

Ext. basic with joysticks RAINBOW

DRAGONFLY SOFTWARE

12503 Davan

Colesvilte. MD 20904

* WRITE FOR DETAILS

* Send check or M.O.

* MD res. add 5% tax

+ FREE BONUS PIN
with first 100 orders

880 IF A<3,W)>B THEN 870

890 IF A<3,W><1 OR A(3,W>>99 THE

N 870

900 CLS

910 PRINT «(19S>," AMOUNT OF CHEC

K": INPUT" M |A<S,W>

:CL3

920 SOUND225,2

930 IF A(5,W><1 OR A(5,W)>9999.

99 THEN 910

940 A(6,W)-A<6, (W-l) >-A<5,W>

950 80T0 340

960 CLS:S0UND225,2:IF A(6 f WXO T

HEN CLS4 : SOUND 100,10

970 CLS

980 P-o:T-0:R-0:D-0

990 PRINT «<2>,

"PERIOD "A(1,1)"THRU"A(1

W> I
lOOO PRINT* (34),

"CHECKS "A (2, 1 ) "THRU" A (

2,W>|

1010 FOR Q»1T0W'REM TOTALS DEP
1020 P-P+A(4,Q)
1030 NEXT Q
1040 PRINT « (66),

"TOTAL DEPOSITS - "
1050 IF P< 1000. 00 THEN PRINT a (8
SJ.USINB" ####.## "IP ELSE PRINT 8
(87) , US I N8 "#####. ##" I P
1060 FOR Q-1TOW
1070 T=T+A(5,Q)
1080 NEXT Q
1090 PRINTa(9S),
"TOTAL CHECKS
llOO IF T<1000.00 THEN PRINT B(l
20).USINB"tt###.##"|T ELSE PRINT
a < 1 19) p USINQ"#####. ##" I T

1110 for n=itdb:r»o:q»o

1120 FOR Q-1T0W

1130 IF A(3,Q)-N THEN R-R+A(5,Q)

1140 NEXT Q
1150 IF R>0 THEN
1160 IF D>7 THEN
1170 IF D-8 THEN

CONTINUE PRESS <
1180 BB*-INKEY*:I
THEN 1190 ELSE 11
1190 D=l

1200 IF R>0 THEN
2)),UBIN8"##"SN
1210 IF R>0 THEN
32)) f F*(N>
1220 IF R>0 THEN
32) ) , "«"

1230 IF R>0 THEN
32)),USIN6"###*M*.
1240 NEXT N
1250 PRINTIPRINT:

D-D+l

1170 ELSE 1200

PRINTa<4iB) f "TQ

ENTER >"

F BB*-CHR«(13)

PRINT a(9S+(D#3

PRINT a(101+(D*

PRINT 9(116+(D*

PRINT a(119+(D*
##"SR

PRINT: PRINT: PRI

126

the RAINBOW January 1984

STANDS

TS-1 Monitor stand for 13" TV.

$29.50 15Wx 1 1D x4H with cut-out for

ROM pack and ventilation holes.

PS-1 To elevate TV where computer

$19.95 does not slide underneath.

5W x 1 1 D x 2%H with no cut-out.

Can also be used as a Epson

printer stand.

(not pictured)

TS-5 TV stand for disk drive and color

$39.50 computer enclosure.

24W x 11 D x5H with cut-out for

ROM pack.

TS-4 TV stand for 19" TV.

$39.50 24W x 1 1 D x 4H with cut-out for

ROM pack and ventilation holes.

MH-1 Magazine holder with semi tubu-

$25.00 iar riveted clip for large maga-
zines. Reverse side has lip for sin-
gle sheet.
9x12 face.

PS 3 Printer stand for DMP-200.

$28.75 1 6W x 1 5D x 2YjH (not pictured)

PS-4 Same as above except with 1"

$32.25 wide slot in middle for bottom

feed printers.

All stands available in smoked gray, ivory,

or clear.

SYSTEM PACKAGE DISCOUNT

Deduct 10% for any 3 products that com-
prise a system,

WARRANTY

All stands warranteed for 1 year
Amdek Monitors for 2 years

Disk for 90 days
Zenith 131 for 90 days

123 for 1 year
J&M 90 days

GUARANTEE

Any product may be returned within 30 days
for refund if not satisfied.

M rj ', f :''■! C ci' :J

visa

10%
DISCOUNT

TS-1 &300A

TS-5, C-1 & DD-3

TS-4

MH-1

Howard Medical Company

Box 2, Chicago, Illinois 60690
(312) 944-2444

MONITORS

300 A 12" amber screen. High re-

$177 solution 18MHz bandwidth.

Extra speaker needed for

sound. (Amdek)

123 12" green screen. High re-

$123 solution 15MHz bandwidth.

Extra speaker needed for

sound. (Zenith not pictured)

C-1 13" screen, color display.

$354 Medium resolution 4MHz

bandwidth. Speaker in-
cluded. (Amdek)

131 13" screen, color display.

$379 Medium resolution 2.5MHz

bandwidth. Green screen
switch, speaker included.
(Zenith not pictured)

All monitors need video interface
below.

DISKS

DD-3

$499

Dual 3" disk drives. 40
track double density 368K
bytes on-line. Can be used
as stand alone system or
with other drives. Built-in
fan. Can record on both
sides of diskette. Drive
light changes color to
indicate side. Amdek.

CONTROLLERS

VC-1 Video interface mounts

$24.45 inside color computer by
lifting IC and piggy backing
it on top of interface. No
soldering and no traces to
cut. Gives video on one
cable/sound on second
cable.

DC-1 ROM disk controller plugs
$149 into ROM slot. Can mix 35

& 40 track disks up to 3
drives. Gives 184K/side or
368K bytes on-line when
used with DD-3. Compat-
ible with disk BASIC FLEX
& OS-9. Comes with
complete manual (J&M).

CA-1 Cable to connect disk to

$27.50 controller. Call or describe
your configuration for cor-
rect cable.

1260 PRINT* <418>, "TO CONTINUE PR

E8S < ENTER >"

1270 L*«INKEY*MF l_*-CHR*<13> TH

EN 1280 ELSE 1260

1280 CLS: PRINT* (143), "MENU"

1281 PRINT* < 194> , "CHECKS/DEPOSIT
8 PRESS < ENTER > PRINT REGISTER

PRESS <1> ADD ACCOUNTS
PRESS <2> LIST ACCOUNTS
PRESS <3> SAVE ON TAPE
PRESS <4>"

1290 Z*«INKEY*

1300 IF Z*OCHR*<52> THEN 1310 E

L8E 1460

1310 IF Z*OCHR*<5I> THEN 1320 E

LSE 970

1320 IF Z*OCHR*U3> THEN 1330 E

LSE 290

1330 IF Z»OCHR»<49> THEN 1340 E

LSE 340

1340 IF Z«OCHR«<50> THEN 1290 E

LSE 1350

1350 E=0:CLS:Y»99-B:PRINT 9<198>

, "YOU HAVE" (Y> "ACCOUNTS.

HON MANY ARE REQUIRED":

PRINT: INPUT" "jE

1360 IF B+E>99 THEN 1370 ELSE 13

1370 CLS: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT *(68>

CP/M

FOR YOUR COLOR
COMPUTER

• Now have access to the largest library of
programs available

• CP/M is the recognized leader in professional
and personal software

• Adds the power of a 4 MHz, Z80A

• CP/M 2.2 included

• No modifications are necessary. Simply plug
into the cartridge port and plug Radio Shack's
disk controller into it.

• Maintains full Radio Shack compatibility

• Requires 64K memory and one or more disks
with controller

$250.00
WAYNE TECHNOLOGY

P.O. BOX 5196 ■ ANAHEIM, CA 92804-1196
(714) 772-5757

Radio Shack" Tandy/ Radio Shack Corp. I CPM™ Digital Research

p "YOU AND I BOTH KNOW THAT
YOU DON'T NEED ANY WHERE
NEAR THAT MANY ACCOUNTS.
COME BACK TO REALITY AND
SELECT" <Y> "ACCOUNTS OR L
ESS"

1380 INPUT" "|E: IF B

+E>99 THEN 1370 ELSE 1390
1390 IF B+E>99 THEN 1370

1400 cls:h-b+i

1410 BOSUB 1420: W-W+l: GOTO 170
1420 FOR C-H TO (B+E)
1430 PRINT •<193) P ,, TYPE NAME OF
ACCOUNT NUMBER " I C : PR I NT : I NPUT "

"|F*(C>
1440 CLS

1450 NEXT C : CLS :B-(B+E): GOTO 1280

1 460 PR I NT* < 389 ) , " PRESS PLAY AND

RECORD < ENTER >

1470 EE*-INKEY«: IF EE*-CHR*(13>

THEN 1480 ELSE 1470

14B0 CLS:8-W

1490 OPEN "0" f #-l p "CHECKS"

1500 PRINT #-1,8

1510 PRINT #-l f H,B,E

1520 FOR S-l TO Q

1530 FOR V«l TO 6

1540 PRINT#-1,A(V„S>

1550 NEXT V

1560 NEXT 8

1570 FOR C-H TO (B+E>

1580 PRINT #-l,F*(C)

1590 NEXT C

1600 CLOSE #-1

1610 GOTO 12SO

1620 NEXT S

1630 CLOSE*- 1

1640 SOTO 1280

1650 CLS:PRINTe<192>," TO REVIE

W PRIOR MONTH REWIND TAPE DEP

RESS PLAY BUTTON AND

< ENTER >"
1660 ZZ*-INKEY«:iF ZZ#-CHR*<13>
THEN 1670 ELSE 1660
1670 OPEN " I ",#-l p "CHECKS"
1680 INPUT #-1,8
1690 INPUT #-l,H f B»E
1700 FOR S-l TO Q
1710 FOR V-l TO 6
1720 INPUT #-l,A<V,S>
1730 IF EOF(-l) THEN 1800
1740 NEXT V
1750 NEXT S
1760 FOR C-H TO (B+E>
1770 INPUT #-l p F*(C>
1780 NEXT C

1790 IF EOF(-l) THEN 1800
1800 CLOSE #-l:W»W+8:Q0T0340

128

the RAINBOW January 1984

i*#j&t**s**fy'&*Wi

isiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iii»i!iiiiiiiii i "in

MagiGraph

lAATJLrinjuu'JvuuuuvuiJin/inAivjJirLrjuu^J

NEW GOOD STUFF!

Turn your Color Computer into a graphic design center with the oase of a
keystroke! MagiGraph makes it simple to create highly detailed figures up to
and including an entire high-resolution screen. Designed for those with some
experience in Basic and Assembly Language programming, MagiGraph
Includes lots of special features:

• A lull set of logical and pixel manipulation (unctions simplifies the
development of complex figures.

• An editor lets you zoom in and work on every detail of your design.
Toggle between the "macro" and "micro" screens for perspective on
your creations.

• Nine animation buffers allow you to preview each sequence lo ensure
continuity and smooth flow.

• Versatile I/O routines store a graphic screen on cassette or [loppy disk;
recall it later (or use by another program or revise it with MagiGraph.

If you're looking for the finest graphic development utility available for your
Color Computer. THIS IS IT. Maximize your machine's potential, while you
push your imagination to the limit — wilh MagiGraph!

By Kevin Dooley. Cassette $34.95 (16K required); Disk $39.95 (32 Extended
Color BASIC required); Amdisk cartridge £44.95,

SAVE TIME!

STOP WAITING AROUND

FOR THE PRINTER!

Use the Micro Works CSPOOL printer spooler. Say you've just finished
editing a five-page letter to the 1HS and you start printing it out. Now you need
to run your personal finance program to find out if you'll be ahle to afford to eat
next month, but you have to WAIT for the @#?!* PRINTER! CSPOOL will let you
KEEP COMPUTING while your printer is PLODDING. CSPOOL uses only 20 bytes
of Basic's memory yet gives you 32K of printer buffer. It's like having two
computers for the price of one! Even better yet, CSPOOL can be yours for FREE!
When you buy your 64K RAM UPGRADE KIT from The Micro Works, we'll GIVE
you a copy of this great little program for FREE! Dr we will sell il to you, on
cassette or diskette, for only $19,95. Requires 64K. Not for FLEX or OS9.

64K MEMORY UPGRADE KIT: For Rev. levels E, ET, NC, and
TDP-IOOs. Eight prime 64K RAM chips, instructions, and CSPOOL:
S64.95

SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

MACR0-80C: DISK-BASED EDITOR,
ASSEMBLER AND MONITOR— with ail the

features the serious programmer wants, this
package includes a powerful 2-pass macro
assembler with conditional assembly, local labels,
include files and cross referenced symbol tables.
MACRQ-80C supports the complete Motorola 6809
instruction set in standard source lormat. Incorpo-
rating all the features of our Rompack- based
assembler (SDS-BOC), MACRO-80C contains many
more useful insiructions and pseudo-ops which aid
the programmer and add power and flexibility. The
screen-oriented editor is designed for elficient and
easy editing of assembly language programs.
MACR0-80C allows global changes and moving/
copying blocks of text. You can edit lines of
assembly source which exceed 32 characters.
DCBUG is a machine language monitor which allows
examining and altering of memory, setting break
points, etc.

Editor, assembler and monitor— along with
sample programs— come on one Radio Shack com-
patible disk. Extensive documentation included. By
Andy Phelps. S99.95

SDS-80C: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
SYSTEM— Our famous editor, assembler and
monitor in Rompack. Like MACR0-80C, il allows
the user to write, assemble and debug assembly
language programs with no reloading, object patch-
ing or other hassles. Supports full 6809 instruction
set. Complete manual included. $89.95

MICROTEXT: COMMUNICATIONS VIA
YOUR MODEM! Now you can use your printer
wilh your modem! Your computer can be an intelli-
gent printing terminal. Talk to timeshare services or
to other personal computers; print simultaneously
through a second printer port; and re-display text
stored in memory. Download text to Basic pro-
grams; dump toacassetle tape, or printer, or both.
Microtext can be used with any printer or no printer
at all. It features user-configurable duplex/parity
for special applications, and can send any ASCII
character. You'll find many uses for this general
purpose module! ROMPACK includes additional
serial port for printer. $59.95

MICRO WORKS COLOR FORTH

• Faster to program in than Basic

• Easier to learn lhan Assembly Language

• Executes in less time than Basic

The MICRO WORKS COLOR FORTH is a Rompack
containing everything you need to run Forth on your
Color Computer. COLOR FORTH consists of the
standard Forth Interest Group (FIG) implementation
of the language plus most of FORTH-79. It has a
super screen edilor with split screen display. Mass
storage is on cassette. COLOR FORTH also contains
a decompiler and other aids for learning the inner
workings of this fascinating language. It will run on
4K, 16K, and 32K computers. And COLOR FORTH
contains 10K of ROM, leaving your RAM lor your
programs! There are simple words lo effectively use
the Hi-Res Color Computer graphics, joysticks, and
sound.

Includes a 112-page manual with a glossary of
the system-specific words, a full standard FIG
glossary and complete source listing.

MICRO WORKS COLOR FORTH ... THE BEST!
From the leader in FORTH. Talbot Microsystems.
$109.95

MACHINE LANGUAGE

MONITOR TAPE: A cassette tape which allows
you to directly access memory. I/O and registers
with a formatted hex display. Greal for machine lan-
guage programming, debugging and learning. II
can also send /receive RS232 at up to 9600 baud,
including host system down load /upload. 19 com-
mands in all. Relocalaole and reentrant. CBUG
TAPE: $29.95

MONITOR ROM: The same program as above,
supplied in 2716 EPROM. This allows you to use
the entire RAM space. And you don't need to re-
load the monitor each time you use it. The EPROM
plugs into Ihe Extended Basic ROM Socket or the
Hornless Pack I. CBUG ROM: $39.95

SOURCE GENERATOR: This package is a disas-
sembler which runs on the Color Computer and
generates your own source listing of ihe BASIC
interpreter ROM. Also included is a documenlation
package which gives useful ROM entry points,
complete memory map, I/O hardware details and
more. A 16K system is required lor the use ol this
cassette. BDC Disassembler: $49.95

HARDWARE

PARALLEL PRINTEH INTERFACE— Serial to parallel

convener allows use of all standard parallel
printers. PIBOC plugs into the serial output port,
leaving your Rompack slot free. You supply the
printer cable. PIBDC: $59.95
SUPER-PRO KEYB0ARD-$69.95 (For computers
manufactured after Oct, 1982, add $4.95}
ROM LESS PACKS for your custom EPROM S — call
or write for information.

BOOKS

6809 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING, by

Lance Leventhal, $15.95

TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER GRAPHICS, by Don

Inman, $14.95

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE GRAPHICS FOR THE

TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER, by Don Inman, $14.95

STARTING FORTH, by L. Brodie. $17.95

GAMES

ZAXXON— The real thing. Excellent. What more can
we say? Cassette requires 32 K, S39.95
STAR BLASTER— Blast your way through an
asteroid field in this action-packed Hi-Res graphics
game. Available in ROMPACK; requires 16K.
$39.95

PAC ATTACK— Try your hand at this challenging
game by Computerware, with fantastic graphics,
sound and action! Cassette requires 16K. $24.95
HAYWIRE— Have fun zapping robots with this Hi-
Res game by Mark Data Products. Cassette
requires 16K. $24.95

ADVENTURE— Black Sanctum and Calixto Island by
Mark Data Products. Each cassette requires 16K.
$19.95 each

CAVE HUNTER— Experience vivid colors, bizarre
sounds and eerie creaiures as you wind your way
through a cave maze in search' of gold treasures.
This exciting Hi- Res game by Mark Data Products
requires 16K tor cassette version. $24.95

■ 4* |**Pft P.O. Box 1110

ffl"Jj"5Sip Del Mar, CA 92014

WORRi (619)942-2400

Cal in 1 : 1:.! Resident Miliar Charga/Vlsa and

add 6% Tax COD Accaplw)

TURN OF THE SCREW

UPGRADING YOUR
COIOR COMPUTER 2

By Tony DiStefano
Rainbow
Contributing Editor

Along, long, long, long, long time ago Radio Shack
introduced a little gem called the Color Computer. It
had a whopping 4K RAM memory. The first thing
you knew, the hobbyists were able to expand this computer's
memory to I6K. probably even before Radio Shack intro-
duced its I6K.. Then the hobbyists boosted the memory to
32 K by a method known as piggyback, again before Radio
Shack. The hobbyists didn't stop there, 64 K memory was
next. But the 64 K memory did not consist of piggybacking
loursets of 16K chips, it was adiffercnt chip. All of the32K
piggyback chips were put on the shelf or put in computers
whose owners did not care for 64 K. Where am 1 leading with
all this, you may ask? Well, a few months ago Radio Shack
released another little gem. the Color Computer 2. Only this
time they started with I6K memory and after looking inside
one, I saw that it was very easy to upgrade to 64K. Most of
the owners will be upgrading to 64K. This is part one ofthis
month's article: How to upgrade from 16K to64K memory
in the Color Computer 2. To upgrade your Color Computer
2 to64K,you must first get a Color Computer2. Ha ha, only
kidding, but you will need some 64K memory chips. The

(Tony DiStefano is well known as an early specialist in
Color Computer hardware projects. He is one of the
acknowledged experts on the "insides" of CoCo.)

chips toget are #4164, with an access lime ol'300ns or faster.
There are many different suppliers for this chip, with many
different numbers, but as long as they are 4164 compatible
they will do.

Open the CC-2 by removing all of the screws on the
bottom. Remove the top cover. Carefully remove the key-
board by pulling the ribbon wire out by the dark colored
base. The eight identical chips along the bottom of the PCB
are the old I6K chips. Using an IC extractor or a small flat
screwdriver, remove the eight chips. Put them aside for now.
Insert the 4164 chips. Make sure that pin one on the chip
goes in pin one in the socket. The only other thing you have
to do is to make one solder joint. Look for a small "W I " in
between the 6822 P1A and the SN74LS244 chip. Right
above this Wl mark are two solder points. Solder these two
points together and voila, 64 K memory. That's all there is to
it! Now, if a whole lot of people convert to 64K, that will
leave a lot of 16K chips sitting around doing nothing.

This will be the second part ofthis month's article. Those
I6K. chips that are removed from the Color Computer 2 to
make 64K can be used to give you 32K. Yes, it will be in the
piggyback fashion. It is a little harder to do than a 64 K
upgrade, but nevertheless can be done in less than one hour.
To upgrade a 16K Color Computer 2 to32K you will need
either a set of 16K chips removed from another Color Com-

130

the RAINBOW January 1984

puter 2 or buy a set of 16K chips. One important note to
remember is these chips arc not ordinary I6K chips. I hey
are not the same chips that come from the regular Color
Computer. The chips that come from the first CoCo are
4116 chips. The 1 6K chips that go into the Color Computer 2
are 21 18 chips. The main difference between a 41 16 and a
2118 chip is that the older type 4116 needs three power
supplies to run. It needs +5 volts, +12 volts and -5 volts. The
newer 21 18 needs only +5 volts to run. It is also more power
efficient.

II you piggyback 4116 chips in the CC-2, it will not work,
and might even do some damage, so don't put 4116 memory
chips in the CC-2. Now that the warning has been said, it's
time to continue. Remove the eight memory chips from the
board. You should now have 16 memory chips, eight from
your computer and eight from another source. Put half of
them aside for now. Examine one of the chips carefully,
notice the pins. When a pin comes out of the chip it is wide,
then it becomes narrow. The narrow part of the pin is the
part that goes into the socket. With a narrow pair of long-
nose pliers (or a finger, if you have narrow fingers) grab the
narrow part of pin 4. Bend the pin back and forth until it
falls off. Be careful that you don't bend the wide part of the
pin. That part of the pin should stay intact. Do this to seven
more chips to give you a total of eight chips with the narrow
part of pin 4 removed. Next take out the untouched chips.
Mount the chips with the short pin on top of the chips with
all the pins. The photo will help you determine how to
position the chip. This photo was taken with a mirror, so
that you can see both sides of the chip (there is only one chip
in the photo). Before you start soldering, make sure that pin

1 on the top chip is on top of pin one on the bottom chip.
Leave a small gap in between the top and bottom chip. This
is needed for ventilation. Next, solder all the pins together.
All but pin 4 of course, it is now to short to reach anyway.
Okay, now get a small piece of wire. Any thin wire will do, 1
used some Radio Shack wire-wrap wire. Cut eight pieces
about Vi" long. Strip offabout '/j;"of insulation off each end
of each wire. Solder one end of this wire to pin 4 (the one
with the short leg) of the chip-pa k and the other end to pin 9
(still on the top) on the chip. Do this to all eight chip-paks.
After you are finished clean the chip-paks carefully with a
resin remover. Radio Shack now carries resin remover. The
part number is 64-2322. It is not of the best quality, but is
good for small jobs like the chip-paks. After the chip-paks
are clean, check them over for shorts or cold solder joints
and repair them. When you are sure that they are all okay,
plug the paks into main board. Again, make sure that pin
one on the chip goes into pin one in the socket. When you are
finished, turn the computer on and type in:

PRINT MEM [ENTER]

Without a disk drive plugged it, the amount of memory
displayed should be 24871. With a drive plugged in. the
value should be 22823. And finally without Extended BASIC
it should be 3 1015. If you get these values, all is okay and you
can close up your CC-2. That 's all there is to do to upgrade a
CC-2 from 16K to 32K. If you have problems, chances are
that you soldered one of the chips in backwards. In that case
you might as well throw the two chips away and start again.
Well, that's all for this month,

I hope you have lots of good memories. ^

Prices

Effective

Until

DEC. 24, 1983

TRS-80 COMPUTER DISCOUNTS

COLOR COMPUTERS

26-3026 1 6k color II 139.95

26-3027 16k ext color II 215.00

26-3003 64k color comp 329.95

26-3022 1 st disk drive 329.95

26-3023 2nd disk drive 249.94

PRINTERS

26-1253 DMP -100 220.00

26-1254 DMP-200 599.95

26-1255 DMP- 120 429.95

26-1257DWP-210 629.95

MODEL4andlOO's

26-1067 mod 4 16k 829.95

26-1069 mod 4 64k 2 dr, 1695.00

26-3801 mod 100 8 k 699.95

26-3802 mod 100 24k 839.95

We Carry the Complete Line of TRS-80
Computer Products at Discount Prices

CALL FOR A FREE PRICE LIST 800-257-5556
IN N.J. CALL 609-769-0551

WOODSTOWN ELECTRONICS

Rt. 40 E. WOODSTOWN, N.J. 08098

January 1984 the HAINBOW 131

KISSABLE OS-9

64K

DISK

BASIC

Nostalgia, Notes And
Tools Of The Trade

By Dale L. Puckett
RAINBOW Contributing Editor

Even Scrooge must get nostalgic this time of year. A
new program or two under the Christmas tree —
maybe you'll even get your first look at OS-9 that
way — is bound to put you in the mood. Besides, as a CoCo
owner you have every right to be nostalgic as you wind up
1983 and move into the new year. You now own one of the
best operating systems on a microcomputer today.

1 must confess, I got a head start on you. Just when 1 was
preparing to write this month's column, — it's October 30
Richard Don, the infamous vice president at GI MIX, called.
He was excited because several large companies had just
bought one of his Gl MIX 111 systems with one million bytes

of RAM memory and 47 million bytes of online storage on a
hard disk. Neither one ofus could believe it. Little more than
five years ago we had both started in this business with
micros that had barely 4,000 bytes of RAM memory and no
online storage. The sea stories started.

It reminded me of the first six months 1 owned my
SWTPC computer. I didn't have a teletype machine with a
paper tape reader and cassette tape storage hadn't been
invented for micros yet, so I left the computer turned on for
several weeks at a time. After all, it took three or four hours
to type in two or three thousand bytes of hex object code by
hand — just to play tic-tac-toe. There's nothing that can

PRQCEDUR
0000

0001

000D
00 1 9
00 .1 A
004B
005 A
005 B
0068
007 1
' 0089
00OD

000k

0090

009 B
00 BC

00G2
00E5
00F5

010B

1 0D

01 18

1 1 A I '

E Boldface

DIM in:STRINSI503
DIM char:STRINSC13

PRINT "Type string you would like to see bold-face"

i n ;

\a"0

W H 1 L E c h a r < > CH R * .< 1 3 ) D

GET #0„ehar

i n ; --;L n-i-char \a--a+l
END WHILE

PR I NT

PR I NT CHR* ('$ 1 B ) +CHR* ($51)

PRINT "This is the boldface string ";

PRINT in;

FOR i = l TO a \ PRINT CHR* <8) ; \NEXT i

PRINT CHR*<$1B)+CHR*<*49> 3 in;

PR I NT " „ d i d you like i t ? "

PR I NT

PR I NT CHR* (*1B> -i -CHR* ( *7 1)

END

(Dale L. Puckett is a freelance writer and programmer
who has worked with the Motorola family ofmiropro-
cessors since 1976. He just completed his first book, "A
Complete Tour Guide to BA[Sc09," this summer. It is
being published by Microware and will be available

this fall. He is the author of DynaSpell, Readiest,
Esther and Help, which are available from Frank
Hogg Laboratories. He serves on the Info World
Software Review Board and is a Chief Warrant Officer
in the U.S. Coast Guard.)

132

the RAINBOW January 1984

GET WITH THE PROGRAM

RAINBOW
SCREEN MACHINE

The Rolls Royce of graphics/text screen enhancers
— more features than all others combined!

• Add these features to your computer/program: ML
extension of Basic loads on top of 16. 32, or 64K
machines to enable easy mixture of hi-res graphics
and text in your programs. Dense text or large
lettering for children, visually impaired or VCR title
screens with no programming!

• User definable 224 character set featuring lower
case descenders, Greek, cars, tanks, planes, etc,
completely interfaced with all keys, commands, and
PMODES. 12 sizes (most colored) from 16x8 to
64x24.

• 2 distinct character sets automatically switch for
sharpest lettering featuring underline, subscript,
superscript, reverse video, top and bottom scroll
protect, double width, colored characters in PMODE
4, and help screen.

• Includes demo program, character generator
program and manual. 16K Ext- Basic required -
32K recommended, $29.95 Tape, $32.95 Disk.

• Super Screen Machine adds SMOOTH Scroll, Key
Click, Break Disable, Screen Dump command and
more. S44.95 Cass - $47.95 Disk.

.00

ASSEMBLER
7FFF MATH

At last! A hi-res grapft/'cs tutorial that teaches the fund-
amental concepts of binary and hexadecimal mafh so
essentia! to assembly language programming on the
Co Co.

Sections include;
Decimal to binary
Binary to decimal
Binary addition
Binary subtraction
Binary to hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to decimal
Decimal to hexadecimal

Includes demo and extensive manual

32K Extended Basic — $24.95 Cass - $27.95 Disk

CONQUEST OF
KZIRGLA &

f rj\ SCEPTER OF
KZIRGLA

Dungeons, wizards, treasure chests, hidden trap doors
and more If you en joy challenge and complexity, these
adventure games are for you. Featuring real-time
graphics with arcade sound for your color computer.
"Scepter" requires 16K Extended Basic. $16.95 Cass-
$19.95 Disk. Hi-res sequel "Conquest" 16K Extended
Basic Cass $21.95; 32K Disk $24.95.

Discover the Rainbow in your Color Computer!

ITEM

CASSETTE/DISK

PRICE NAME

RAINBOW

CONNECTION

SOFTWARE

RAINBOW CONNECTION
SOFTWARE

3514 6lh Place NW, Suite D
Rochester, MN 55901
507-288-4424

Exp

Sub Total

Shipping

Minnesola residents add 6% Sales Tax

Visa & M. C. add 3%

TOTAL

ADDRESS

CITY

$2.00

STATE

Personal checks welcome
Dealer inquiries inviled
Send SASE for catalog

Not affiliated with
THE RAINBOW

ZIP

no delay.

compare with being a pioneer.

Which brings me to some good news. Richard went out to
the RAINBOWfest in Fort Worth to see what this CoCo
OS-9 thing was all about. When he returned to Chicago, he
was bursting with enthusiasm. In fact, he was so excited
when I talked to him that he was thinking about offering a
GIM1X 111 system as a grand prize for an OS-9 contest here
at the Rainbow. That's a much better deal than those maga-
zine sweepstakes.

Richard's excitement peaked when he ran into an old
friend who now works for Tandy. In fact, it seems he was
one of the people responsible for bringing OS-9 to the Color
Computer. But more important, he is still working hard to
produce or procure a tremendous selection of new and
powerful software to run on it. As it turns out, Richard's

friend is also a pioneer and has been working with Motoro-
la's 6800 chips as long as they have been manufactured.

In Richard's words, "He came up through the ranks . . he's
not a Z-80 retread. You couldn't find a more scrupulous
person in this business. If a piece of software is good this guy
will recognize it. Great things are going to happen to CoCo
OS-9."

I asked him if he heard anything specific and got some
great news. A CoCo OS-9 version of Micro ware's "C"
compiler — one of the best on any microcomputer — is in
production now. In fact, it will probably be on the shelf by
the time you read this. Better yet, scuttlebutt has it that the
price will be somewhere in the SI 00 price range. Very
impressive when you consider that it costs S400 on the larger
6809 systems.

PROCEDURE

Under 1 ine

0000

000 1

PR I NT " Th i s is an under lined word" ;

0020

PR I NT CHR* < * 1 B ) +CHR* ( *5 1 ) i

002.C

FOR i = l TCI 15 \ PRINT CHR* <B) ; \NEXT i

004 F

PRINT " „ _ in a line."

006E

P R I N T C HR i 7 i I B ) +C H R* 7*7 1 5 5

00 7 A

00 7C

END

00 7 E

PROCEDURE

R i s i n q L ;t n e

0000

000 1

DIM charZSTRINeCl]

000D

DIM a*:STRINGr:50J

0019

00 1 A

PRINT "Input string ? ";

002E

a* 53 "" \a=0

00 3D

00 3 E

WHILE charO-CHR*U3) DO

0,0 4 B

GET #0„char

0054

a*=a$+char Xa^a+l

006C

ENDWH I LE

0070

007 1

FOR i»l TO INT (a/4) +1 \ PRINT \NEXT i

0099

FOR i=l TO a

00 AB

PRINT MID* (a*, i j, 1 ) ; CHR* <*1B) +CHR* (*4B) 3

00C2

NEXT i

00CD

F OR i = 1 TO I NT { a/4 ) + 1 \ PRINT \ NE XT i

00 F 5

END

00F7

PROCEDURE

C h a r a c t e r S & t s

0000

000 1

DIM a*:STRINGC803

000D

DIM c*;STRIN(3C13

00 1 9

001 A

b$ : =CHR* ( * 1 B ) +CHR* (*4A3

0028

c*:=CHR* (*0D>

0031

0032

PRINT b*+"StdCS"

M03F

F : 'RINT "This is an e- amp 1 e of the standard character"

006F

PRINT "set. It. is easy to change to ";

..■mV j

PRINT b*+"Std64"5

009F

PUT #1, c*

134

Ihe RAINBOW

January 1984

(PETROCCI FREELANCE ASSOCIATES

MASTER GRAPHICS TOOL KIT

The Programmer's Program
Nothing Else Like It On The Market!

1. GENERATES FCB TABLES from your graphic
display.

2. MASTER GRAPHICS allows creation of graphics
using EXT BAS commands as well as joystick or
arrow control.

3. GRAPHICS TEXT EDITOR adds text to graphic
screens.

4. CALCULATOR - Hex to Dec, Dec to Hex, Bin to
Hex or Dec, Dec to Bin.

5. SUPER PEEKER DATA MONITOR

6. MASTER SCREEN DUMP - dumps binary coded
graphics to printer.

32k EXT DISK $44.95

SUPER DISK UTILITY

Best Disk Utility for the Best Price

Get What Takes Up To 3 Programs From

Other Companies In A Single Program

1 . COMPLETE CATALOG - 700 files sorted in minutes.

2. DIRECTORY SORT writes alphabetized directory
back to disk.

3. DATES FILES

4. SUPER DIRECTORY

a. To screen or printer

b. # of granules & starting granule

c. Start, end, entry addresses

d. Date

5. PURGE FILES

6. DISK ZAP

a. copy, verify, display, modify & zero disk files
& sectors

b. Allocation table check & repair

32K EXT DISK $44.95

BOWLING SECRETARY

Allows Mid Season Entry

$24.95

ASTROLOGY CHART PRINT

Epson MX80 LPVII (specify)
32K $21.95

RESULTANT WAVE PLOTTER

$15.95

PRESCHOOL PACKAGE

ABC-1 23-Shapes-Biggest
$24.95

INSPECTOR CLUESEAU
32K $19.95

PATTI-PAK (The Best!)
$21.95

TYCOON (Coco Monopoly)
$19.95

FLASHER (Memory Game)

Ages 6 to Adult

$19.95

REAL ESTATE
INVESTMENT

$24.95

BOND ANALYSIS

$19.95

INVOICE PROGRAM

$19.95

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

5 Stat Functions Plus

Analysis of Variance

32K $34.95

All Programs 16K Tape

Unless Otherwise Specified

All Programs Available on Disk

Disk Versions Add $5.00

Include $1.50 for handling lor each program.
Arizona residents add 7% Sales Tax.
Quantity Discounts to Dealers.

R0GCI FREELANCE ASSOCIATES

651 N Houghton Rd

,Tue»n. AZ 45748

,602.296-1 (XI

HEART-LUNGS-
CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

32K $34.95

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

32K $19.95

STRESS EVALUATOR

$24.95

WEATHER WATCH

$24.95

WEATHER FORECASTER

32K Disk Only $19.95

HURRICANE TRACKER

16K (T) $15.95 16K (D) $20.95

DUNK-A-DUCK

$19.95

SUPER DISK UTILITY

$44.95

MASTER GRAPHICS TOOL KIT

32K Disk Only $44.95

OS-09 Users Group News

Here's an interesting note I pulled off our OS-9 Users
Group Bulletin Board (312-397-8308— Type a Carriage
Return and Line Feed, then answer the prompt with "HEL-
G50O„3[ENTER]" to get on line,): "The activity on the
CoCo SIG on CompuServe with respect to OS-9 is really
picking up. There are many technical messages, queries,
observations, and complaints by users with every level of
sophistication. It won't be long until we see some neat things
from that group. "

' From the tone of that note, you can see that Users Group
members are anxiously awaiting an active participation
from CoCo OS-9 Users. In fact we are talking about putting
a CoCo Help menu on our Bulletin Board. We'll let you
know here when it is on the air.

Frank Hogg has offered to distribute our Users Group
software. This means our members will be able to get utili-
ties and programs from our software exchange library for
only $3. In fact, each new member will receive one disk of
software FREE when he/she joins the Users Group. The
first disk should be available by December 1 .

Our membership fee is $25. For information about our
group and a sample copy of our newsletter, send a note to us
at our new address:

OS-9 Users Group

Post Office Box 8027
Des Moines, I A 50301

The Toolbox Philosophy

Since OS-9 is modeled after the UNIX system, it's only
fitting that we should learn to think of individual programs

and utilities as tools. We can run more than one process very
easily with OS-9 and that's half the battle. Now, all we have
to do is figure out how to use several of our small nrograms
together to do a big job.

Let's begin with a few examples. When 1 first ran OS-9, 1
did everything the hard way. 1 typed out every path list. I just
didn't trust the machine. I was as non-productive as you
could be. One of my typical command lines might have
looked like this:

OS-9: /dO/cmds/ copy #I6K /dO/cmds/greatbigprogram
/dl/cmds/greatbigprogram

Talk about sore fingers!

Then, I learned about the default directories. Life was
much simpler:

OS:9chd/dO/cmds

OS:9 copy #I6K program /dl/cmds/program

That was much better. But then every once in awhile, I
found myself needing to copy a directory that contained 30
or40 files.'I used the "Control A" key a lot. This saved about
half the typing, but it was still a hassle.

About six months later a utility called "dsave"was intro-
duced. It was very useful for copying an entire directory — or
even an entire disk. The commands went something like this:

OS9: chd /dl /directory tocopy

OS9: dsave /da >/d0/ copy- procedure-file

OS9:chd/d0

OS9: /d0/ copy-procedure-file

00 A 8

PRINT "a di-f-ferent set. In"

00BF

PRINT "this case we are running 64 by 19 set. It is also easy"

00F9

PRINT "to have " ;

0106

PRINT b*+"Dwcs"5

0113

PUT #l,c*

01 1C

PRINT "a Double Width Char-"

1 34

PRINT "acter set. However it "

014E

PRINT "is ";

1 56

PRINT b*+"StdCS";

0164

PUT #l,c*

016D

PRINT "much easier to read the standard 51 by"

1 97

PRINT "24 Character set."

1 AC

01AE

END

1 B0

PROCEDURE

0000

0001

SHELL "tmode -pause"

0011

00 1 2

DIM charlSTRINGCl 3

00 IE

DIM choice: INTEGER

0025

0026

PRINT CHR*<40C) \ PRINT \ PRINT

0030

003 1

PRINT "1. . Rising Line test."

004A

PRINT "2.. Bold-face test."

0060

PRINT "3.. Underline test."

0077

PRINT "4.. Switch Character Sets."

0.095

PRINT "5. . Exit. "

00A2

136

the HAINBOW January 1934

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When I ran this sequence the machine did most of the
typing. Dsave generated a Hie with a series of lines that
looked similar to the first example above. Since I always
re -directed them into a file. I then needed to run this proce-
dure file. It was really slick to watch the computer do all the
work by itself.

Yet the process was still simpler when pipes became avail-
able a year or so later. How would you like to trade the four
lines of typing above in for two command lines and the
first linedoesn't really count! Write them on a label and stick
it to your keyboard. It will save you hours.

OS-9: Chd / d I / directorytocopy

QS-9: dsave /da ! (-x chd /dO/directory-to-capy-to|

When you try this, you'll be using your first OS-9 "pipe."
The magic is in the exclamation point— the symbol for an
OS-9 pipe. Here's what happens when you run the command
lines above.

The first line sets your current data directory to ,/d I /di-
rectorytocopy. Dsave always saves the current data direc-
tory.

In the second line we used a pipe, "!", instead of redirec-
tion. ">/d0/ copy-procedure."

Since we didn't use redirection, OS-9's Shell would nor-
mally have sent the output of dsave to the standard output
device. Remember, this is normally your CoCo screen or
terminal. But, since you typed the pipe symbol after the
dsave command, the Shell will pipeline the data straight into
the command on the second hall of the line.

In this case, the second half of the line tells the Shell not to
abort on an error and to change the current data directory to
id(i/ directory-to-copy-to. After it does this, the Shell accepts
the characters from dsave just as if they were coming from

the keyboard. Each time the Shell finds a carriage return on
the end of a line, it executes the commands on that line.
When each of the lines generated by dsave has been exe-
cuted, your new directory will be ready to run.

More About Pipes, Filters and Other Tools

Let's look at some more examples and introduce you to
some new OS-9 tools. Micro ware released a package of
utilities called L 'The OS-9 File Handler Too) Box"in August.
1 bought it while I was at the seminar and it seems that 1 am
using it all the lime.

Microware designed the package so that most of the
utilities could be used as filters. In other words, they would
read data from standard input device, modify it in some
manner, and then send it to the standard output device.
Additionally, several of the programs in the package can
take a list of filenames from your keyboard and perform the
desired operation on all of them.

The idea for this pack age came from the Addison-Wesley
book Software Tools by Brian W. Kernighan and P. L
Plaugher. All of them are popular on the UNIX operating
system. The package includes:

Code Display the hexadecimal equivalent of a key

Count Character count, word count, line count

Compress Compress a text file

D Print directory listing

Expand Expand a compressed file

Grep Globally find Regular Expression and Print

PR Print a file with formatting

QSORT Quick in-memory sort

Space Space and/ or indent a file

00A4

00 A 5

LOOP

00A7

PRINT " Your choice ";

00BE

INPUT choice

00C3

EXITIF choice=5 THEN

GOTO 100

00D2

ENDEXIT

00D6

00DS

WHILE choice>0 AND

choice<6 DO

00EB

00EC

IF choice=l THEN

RUN RisingLine

00FB

END IF

00FD

IF choice=2 THEN

RUN Bold-face

010C

END IF

1 0E

IF choice=3 THEN

RUN Underline

01 ID

END IF

1 1 F

IF choicer THEN

RUN CharacterSets

012E

ENDIF

1 30

0131

PRINT "Type 'ENTER' to continue ?";

1 50

GET #0,char

1 59

1 5A

ENDWHILE

015E

ENDLDOP

1 62

0163 100

SHELL "tmade pause"

0175

END

1 77

138

the RAINBOW January 1984

Split Split a file into pieces

TR Transliterate file contents

Xmode Examine or change device descriptor (This

one is standard with CoCo OS-9)

Now, let's show you how you can use several of these
small utilities on the same command line to do a big job.

For example, when your directories get long— they really
shouldn't with OS-9's hierarchical directory system — it is a
hassle to look through a list of filenames in random order.
Life would be much easier if you could look at a sorted list.
Try this command line:

d ! qsort ! pr >/p

Amazing, isn't it? Now, imagine that you would like to
know how many "C" source files you have in a directory.
Let's count them:

OS9: d *.c ! count -1

This command line should do the job if your "C" source
files are in your current data directory.

Now imagine that you are an author and that you have
just finished writing another chapter in the great American
novel. You have full confidence in your abilities as a writer
but you realize you have this bad habit: you keep using tacky
words. Instead of writing "use," you write "utilize" by force
of ha bit. This time, you remember the problem and want to
make a quick check to make sure you didn't slip up. Try this:

OS9: grcp utilize Great. American. Novel. Chapt4 ! count -I

In a few seconds you'll know how many times you used
the word utilize. Stick, huh? By now you can sec that with a
lull toolbox you can find out just about anything you want
to know by using the proper OS-9 command line.

Here's some better news. There are a lot of good UNIX
textbooks out, several UNIX journals and a number of
articles in the trade pressabout this operating system. All of
these books and articles give good examples that show you
how to exercise the UNIX toolbox for all it's worth.

Harry Fair, a consultant out in Denver, has approached
Frank Hogg Labs with a proposal to release an OS-9 tool-
box that is UNIX compatible. All of the utilities will have
UNIX names and their command line syntax will bejust like
the same utility on the UNIX system. I saw the proposal this
month and it's a tremendous step in the right direction. In
fact. Fin running the first 15 utilites in my OS-9 toolbox now
and they are great.

SOME MORE BASIC OS-9 DEMOS

Last month we told you a lot about the Hi-Res screen in
the O-PAK release from FHL. At that time we promised to
showyou more this month. The BASIC OS-9 utilities accom-
panying this article exercise several of the capabilities huill
into Hi-Res. You'll see how to underline a word, boldfacca
word, or make a line run uphill. These sample preeedures
will give you another chance to study the structured pro-
gramming techniques made possible by BASIC OS-9.

As we close, I extend my best wishes to you and your
families for the happiest of holiday seasons as well as an
exciting and prosperous New Year.

Interactive -C

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IE'" is a high resolution screen oriented editor. Someof Ihefealures
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ID'" is a screen oriented debugger. You can see the variable names
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Z-Pak'"

This is an 8" x 4" cartridge, that plugs into the expansion port of the

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and Personal checks.

January 1984 the RAINBOW 139

the

<IJB«

RAINBOW

Try This Helpful Number-Base

Conversion Quiz

By Gary and Susan Davis

When my husband first bought his Color Computer
almost three years ago, 1 was faced with the newest dilemma
of our marriage: Should I try to learn to use the blankety-
blank thing or should I become a computer widow instead?

Computer widowhood did not suit meat all, so 1 set up my
plan of attack. I carefully went through the book "Getting
Started with Color BASIC" and I enrolled in my first compu-
ter course at Ohio State University, So far, so good. The
basic seemed like English and the introductory course at
OSU was in Fortran.

The trouble started the next quarter when 1 enrolled in the
next course at OSU. This time the language was COBOL and
the assignments were much harder.

The fact that there were different computer languages was
not a problem for me. 1 was a linguistics major in college and
have varying degrees of knowledge of English, Spanish,
French, Italian, Yiddish and Hebrew.

However, 1 found out that there are also different num-
bering systems involved in programming. This was bad news
for someone who has for years resisted learning the metric
system.

The teacher wanted us to take decimal numbers (the
normal, regular, everyday numbers that you count with) and
convert them to hexadecimal and binary*.

Once I understood that the "l"s and "0"s of the binary
system are treated like on or off switches by the computer, I
felt more comfortable with it. Hex will always seem unnatu-
ral to me.

Gary wrote this program to help me learn to convert any
decimal, hexadecimal or binary number to one of the other
number bases. With practice, 1 was able to answer most of
the questions correctly most of the time. Facility in all three
number bases will help you program in both BASIC and
machine language.

The computer will randomly pick a number between
and 255 (decimal) for you to convert. It will also choose one
of the three number bases into which you will need to
convert the original number. You get up to three chances to
correctly answer (guess) the question. If you haven't the
faintest idea what's going on, strike the question-mark key
and [ENTER],

(Gary and Susan Davis are co-owners of Sugar Soft-
ware in Reynoidsburg, Ohio. Susan is a novice and
Gary has been professionally programming for nearly
20 years.)

There arc 10 random problems in each quiz. When you
are done, the computer will tell you how many you have
answered correctly on the first try, how many you have
answered correctly after a retry and how many were beyond
you completely.

1 hope you will find this number base qui/ as helpful as I

did.

The listing:

10 ■

<^W.

140..
300..
480..
END

. 0109
. 0237
. 03F5
05EB

Convei-Bi on

Qu i z

TO 10

43068

|N|i_irrtl3

20 *

100

110

120

130

140

150

";i

160

RINT

170 FRDM=RND<3>

ISO T0-FR0M+RND(2>

190 IF T0>3 THEN TO=TO-3

200 NUMBER-RND(256>-1

210 ON FROM GOSUB 470,500,530

220 ON TO 603UB 570,610,650

230 FOR J=l TO 3

240 PRINT Ni*|" IN " \ N2*

250 INPUT A*

260 IF A*= ANSWER* GOTO 360

270 IF A*="?" GOTO 310

280 PRINT "wrong"

290 SOUND 5,2

300 NEXT J

FOR 1=1

CLS4

PRINT TAB<8) ; "PROBLEM NUMBER

PRINT TAB<11>; "WHAT IS...":P

140

the RAINBOW January 1904

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Please allow two weeks to clear your check. Shipping S2 50 on
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Arizona residents please add5°ti sales tax. All programs— 16K
ext except where noted We reserve the right to change prices
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Warranty: All hardware products are warranted for a period of
1 80 days from date of purchase Software is warranted as per
its manufacturers warranty. We shall not be liable for loss or
damage, alleged of caused indirectly or directly to hardware or

software including interruplion of service, business loss, lossol
expected profits or any damage resulting from the use of
hardware or software.

4321 W. Jupiter

DESERT SOFTWARE

Tucson, Arizona 85741

(602) 744-1252

COMPUTIZE INC. PRESENTS. . .

The BEST in Coco Utilities

"SPIT-N-IMAGE" (C|

M/L DISK BACKUP UTILITY

Tired of spending all those $$$$ for that Disk Software that yoj can use
and not Backup???? Then "SPIT-N-IMAGE" is for you. Creates a Mirror
Image of Most popular Diskettes which do not respond to normal Backup
functions "SPIT-N-IMAGE" also initializes and Backs-up standard
Diskettes in one pass.

Requires 32k CC and 1 or 2 Disk Drives

Cassette S24.95 - Diskette $29.25

"TAPE-N-IMA6E" (C)

M/L CASSETTE BACKUP UTILITY

Frustrated at not being able to Backup your valuable Cassette Based
Sottware???Then "TAPE-N-IMAGE" is for you. It creates a Mirror linage
of Most popular Cassette Software -M/L, Basic and Data - that do not
respond to normal Backup functions.

Requires 16k of 32k CC
$8.95

"COMPSORT" (C)

A Machine Language Sort for quickly sorting single dimensioned Basic
String Arrays. COMPSORT is written in Position Independent Code,
takes 142 bytes of storage, and is callable from Basic.
Ideal for mailing lists, database, etc.

Requires 16K Extended CC
ClMBtlB $9,95

"BARMASTER" (G]

PROFESSIONAL BARTENDERS GUIDE
"Menu Driven! "Over 180 Listings 1 " Easy to add your favorites!
* Print to 3X5 Index cards for easy reference! ' Access drink by name
or liquor content! "Utilizes computizes "Fast Access Record Retrieval"
(any record in just two reads!)

Requires 32K CC and 1 Drive
Dish Only $19.95

"T. T, U." (C)

TRIPLE TRANSFER UTILITY

1. Transfer contents of most Disks to Tape!

2. Transfer contents of most Tapes to Disk!

3. For those cassette based programs that conflict with Disk Operating
System - will automatically relocate!

•Copies ASCII, Basic. & M/L.

ALL CONTAINED IN 1 MENU DRIVEN PROGRAM!!!

REQUIRES 32K CC EXT

CASSETTE $19.95 DISKETTE $24.95

COMPUTIZE INC.
P.O. BOX 207
LANGHORNE, PA 19047

215-946

Check or M.O.

Add $2.00 Shipping
PA Res. add 6% sales tax

7260

WANTED

UTILITY PROGRAM AUTHORS
WE PAY TOP $$$'s DROP US A NOTE!

310 PRINT Q448, " THE CORRECT ANS

WER IS "; ANSWER*

320 W2R0N6=W2RONG+l

330 PRINT @484,"HIT enter TO CON

TINUE";

340 IF INKEY*="" GOTO 340

350 GOTO 400

360 IF J=l THEN RIGHT=RIQHT+1 EL

SE PRIGHT=PRIGHT+1

370 PRINT "VERY SOOD ! "

380 FOR K=l TO 500:NEXT

390 SOUND 150, 1 : SOUND 250, 1 ! SOUN

D 200, 1

400 NEXT I

410 CLS5

420 PRINT "NUMBER COMPLETELY RI6

HT: "J RIGHT

430 PRINT "NUMBER RI8HT AFTER RE

TRY: "iPRIGHT

440 PRINT "NUMBER COMPLETELY WRO

NB: "SW2R0N6

450 END

460 ' ■="•— om Dec: i, mal

470 N1*=STR* (NUMBER) ■*■" (DECIMAL)
ii

480 RETURN

490 ' l="i— om H«=?;x

500 N 1 *=R I GHT* ( " O " +HEX * < NUMBER ) ,

2)+" (HEX)"

510 RETURN

520 * Fr Dili Ei nar-y

530 GOSUB 710

540 N1*=N*+" (BINARY)"

550 RETURN

560 ' To Decimal

570 N2*=" DECIMAL"

5B0 ANSWER«=M I D* < STR* ( NUMBER > , 2 )

590 RETURN

600 * To Hex

610 N2*="HEX"

620 ANSUER4-RZGHT* ( "0"+HEX* (NUMB

ER),2)

630 RETURN

To jE*± r*3ii* _ v'

N2*=" BINARY"

GOSUB 710

ANSWER*=N*

RETURN

p Convert " h-JUM

640

650

660

670

680

690

BER"

7O0

710

720

730

740

750

760

770

780

790

and
N*

return

* to bi nary

'string in

N*= M "

N=NUMBER

FOR K=l TO 8

BIT=N AND 1

N*=RI8HT*<STR*<BIT),

N=INT(N/2)

NEXT K

RETURN

1)+N*

142

theHAINBOW January 1984

CANADIANS

P.O. BOX 513
LASALLE, QUEBEC
CANADA HBP 3J4

F & T SOFTWARE

INQUIRIES & ORDERS

CALL (511) 365-5392

BETWEEN 9 & 5 P.M.

E.S.T,

Lowest Prices in Canada — Prompt Delivery — C.O.D. Accepted — Nous Parlons Frangais

GAMES
Adventure International

C Airline
C Arex

C Dealh Planel
G Eliminator
C Fire Cools r
C Sea Dragon

Color Quest

C Adventure Trilogy

C Beyond The Cimeeon Moon

C Fembols' Revenge

C Interceptor

C Vegas Gamepak

Computerware

C Bloc Head

C Color Pac Attack

C Doodle Bug

C Hyper Zone

C Junior's Revenge

C Magapede

C Moon hopper

C Morocco Grand Prix

C Nerbie Force

C flailrunner

C Shark Treasure

C Space Ambush

C Slarship Chameleon

Datasoit

C Moon Shuttle
D Zaxxon
C Zaxxon

Intracolor

C Colorpede

Mark Data

C Astro Blast
C Black Sanctum
C Bumpers
C Calixlo Island
C Cave Hunier
C Cosmic Clones
C El Band i to
C Glaxxons
C Haywire {Berserk)
C Space Raiders

Moreton Bay

C Adventure m Tower Castle
C Cube Solver

Petiocci Ass.

C Inspector CJueseau
C Stagecoach

Prickly Pear

CanS
33.00
45.00
27.50
34.50
33.00
45,00

31 50
31 50

37.50
24.50
34.50

33.00
29.50
33.00
33.00
36.00
29.00
31.00
29.00
31.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29 00

45.00
45.00

35.00

31.00
25.00
29.50
25.00
31.00
29.50
29.50
29.50
31.00
31.00

23.50
24.50

26.00
26.00

C Adventure In Wonderland 24.50

C Fantasy Gamer's 32K Package 34 50

C Fantasy Gamer's Package 27.50

C Fantasy Master's Secretary 27.50

C Flight (Simulation) 27.50

C Gangbusters 27 50

C Jungle 27.50

C Monsters and Magic 27.50

C Shaft 25.00

C Viking 27.50

PREPAID ORDERS

Send Money Order or
Personal Cheque covering

only the Total

There are NO SHIPPING &

HANDLING CHARGES

to be added

GAMES

Spectral

C Defense

C Donkey King (Tom Mix}

C Galax Attax

C Ghost Gobbler

C Keys ol the Wizard
C Lancer
C Ms. Gobbler
C Planel Invasion
C Robot Battle
C Space Invaders
C Space Race
C Space War
C Storm Arrows
C Whirlybird Run

Tom Mix

C Air Traffic Controller

C Color Goll

C Devil Assault

C Grabber

C Journey to Mount Doom

C Katerpillar

C Moontander

C Protectors

C Solo Pool

C Space Shuttle

C The Frog

C Traplall

C War King

UTILITIES

Computerware

D 54K Screen Expander
C 64 K Screen Expander
C Color Diagnostics
C Color Monitor
D Dynasofi Pascal
C Dynasoh Pascal
D The Sourcerer
C The Sourcerer

Moreton Bay

C The Programmers Toolkit

Nelson Soft. Sys.

D Super 'Color' Disk- Zap

Spectral

C Bugout {Monitor)

C Disassembler

C Graphics and Text

C Magic Box

C Master Control II

D Oracle (Graphics Monitor)

D Ultra aoCC Easm

Tom Mix

C Disk to Tape

C Screen Punt Routine

C Tape Dupe {Tape to Tape)

C Tape to Disk

C The Fixer

Can S
29.00
30.00
20.00
29.00
27.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
26.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00

37O0
24 00
37 00
37.00
37 00
32.00
23.00
32.00
25.00
39.00
37.00
37.00
27.00

Cans
40.50
34.00
23.00
31.00
79.50
69.50
50.00
43.50

3S.50

27.00
21.00
30.00
33.00
33.00
42.00
63.00

30.00
26.00
26.00
30.00
2600

Modem Softwa re

Computerware

The Color Connection
C The Color Connection

Nelson Soft. Sys.

D Super 'Color' Terminal
C Super 'Color' Terminal

Can 5

53.00
40.00

87.50
62 50

C.O.D. ORDERS

SEND NO MONEY!!

When goods arrive
you will pay total due +
$1.59 C.O.D. charges to

your local post office
{Not lor U.S. Residents)

BUSINESS

Computerware

Can $

D Flexi-Filer

87.50

DSL Products

C The General Ledger

49.95

Moreton Bay

C File Cabinet

37 50

C Report

32.50

D The Coco Writer

43.50

C The Coco-Wnter

43.50

Nelson Soft. Sys.

D Super 'Color' Calo

125.00

D Super 'Color' Database

99 50

D Super 'Color' Mailer

75.00

C Supe' 'Color' Mailer

49 50

D Super 'Color' Speller

87.50

D Super 'Color' Writer II

12503

C Super 'Color' Writer II

87,50

The Computer House

D Filmaster
C Filmaster

3150
37.50

Audio & Graphics
Computerware

C 3D Drawing Board
C Foxygraph
C Semi Draw
C Synther 7

Spectral

C Compu-Voice

C Soundsource W/Cable

Can £
31.00
38.00
29.00
29.00

57.00
33.00

General Interest

Cans

49.50
44.50

27.50

Computerware

C Bio Detector

Moreton Bay

C Planetarium

Prickly Pear

C Ancient Wisdom Trilogy

C Astrology

C Household Helper

HAR DWARE

H Kra'lJoystick(i) 50.00

H Coco Pro I. Keyboard 99.50

H 'P Board Adapt, for Keyboard 6.50
H Kit 8X64K 100% Good Rams 95.00
{64K Upgrade Instructions incl.)

B OOKS

Arcsoft

B 101 Color Computer Programs 13.50

B 55 Color Computer Programs 16.70

B 55 More Col. Comp. Programs 16.70

B Color Computer Graphics 16.70

B Color Computer Son obook 13.50

McGiaw Hill

B 6809 Assembly Lang. Prog 24.00

Motorola

8 6809 Reference Card 2.50

Spectral

B The Facts 22.00

Quebec Residents Only

Add 9% Sales Tax

to Hardware & Software

No lax on Books

LATEST
ARRIVALS

Pooyan $42

Moon Shuttle $40

Lunar Rover
Patrol $29

Cubix $32
Rainbow Writer $37

THE OLDEST MAILORDER COMPANY
IN CANADA

After on ly 2 years m business we have thousands of satisfied

customers Canada-wide.

As those Of you who have been wtth us tram the beginning
know, we started with a limited, but quality selection of 2
c ompanies. Since then we na ve gone on to add
manufacturers at the rate of about f a month. We now altar
one of the widest ranges of software m North Amenta!!
Our large selection of titles has baen buift upon the basts of
YOUR fNOUIRtES. We encourage you SO write or call us with
comments and suggestions so that w& may continue to
improve Our selection and service.

Payment PoMcy

Unlike most mailorder companies

• We accept C.O.D. orders and we do not insist on a cash
deposit.

• We accept your personal cheques without making you
wait fhe customary 2/3 weeks for clearance.

• Our prices already include shipping, handling and insu-
rance charges

• Ail software and hardware is shipped First Class and
Insured (books are shipped Book Rale)

Service

OUR OFFICES ARE STAFFED 9 TO 5 MONDAY TO FRIDAY

YEAR-ROUND. WE ARE ALWAYS PLEASED TO ACCEPT

YOUR ORDERS OR INQUIRIES AT

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DEDUCT 20%

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or Inl. Money Order

Catalogues

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Firs! Order — Ff you do not

wish lo order now. send

Si. 00. rt will be refunded

wrth your first Order

FREE SHIPPING & HANDLING — FREE INSURANCE — NO HIDDEN CHARGES

PRINTER GRAPHICS

Printer Mystery

By Michael J. Himowitz and Julius Nelson

This is the third instaiiment in a continuing series of short 'Printer Mysteries '

which began in November.

Here's a little January printer mystery for those of you
who have the Primer Artist program from the
November issue of the Rainbow. To use it, RU N the
program and enter the characters below, line by line. For
example, 6X means strike the "X" key six times; 24sp means
strike the space bar 24 times. Consult the instructions in the
November issue. We won't tell you what this one is. because
that would spoil the fun. The only clue is that you're more
likely to see this fellow in Minnesota than in Florida.

For those interested in sophisticated printer art develop-
ment, a complete "Printer Artist" system is available from
Federal Hill Software, K25 William St., Baltimore, Md.,
21230.

LINE

1 31sp 6X

2 31sp SX

(Mttg

Christian

jioftfimre

Jude : A full text, commentary
£ Ref. study on tile Epistle of
St. Jude. Req. 32K E.C.B.
Cassette $13.99 Disk $16.99

Christinas Quia : ESow much do your children
really know about the 1st Christmas?
Educational £ Fun $9.99 Cassette Only

3-Came Pack HI ; Books ot the Bible game,
Bible Character Word Scramble game £
"who Said That" Bible quote game,
Reg. 16K E.C.B. Cassette $10.99

3-Game Pack *2 : Reversed sword Drill
game, "Who Did That" game £ Bible Places
Worel Scramble game. Req* 1GK E.C.B.
Cassette only 510.99

Roman's in Review : Questions s Answers
covering this very important New
Testament Book. SB. 99 cassette Only

We Buy Quality Christian
Oriented software,

ut-1

For Line Printer VII £ DMP 10*1
A Compressed print utility that list:
programs generating 125 characters hv
90 lines. Req. 1SK E.C.B.
Cassette $14,99 Disk $17.99

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

We pay freight
C.O.D. ADD $2 .00

■Bl^3H ftottfCord]

21 Hour Phone Service

^enJ su 1 l -addrossod
stamped envelope for
full list, of proyratrs *

c s

P. 0. Box 1899
Duncan, OK 73533
(405) 255-5696

30sp

20sp

2s p

IX 2sp

30sp

19sp

2sp

IX 2sp

IX 2X lx

17sp

lisp

I8sp

2X 2sp

IX 2sp IX 2sp IX

16sp

lisp

17sp

7X lsp

IX 2sp IX

ISsp

lOsp

14sp

11X lsp 2X

13sp

4sp

2X 4sp 2X 12sp

15X

lisp

I OX

3sp

3X 7sp

15X

9sp

13X

Isp

27X

8sp

24X

5sp

7sp

14X

8sp

13 X

8sp .

SIX

9sp

18X

13sp

20X

14sp

2sp

17X

19sp

I9X

I9sp

19X

211

I9sp

I9X

17sp

22X

I6sp

25X

I5sp

lsp

17X

14sp

4s p

16X

13sp

9sp

16X

12sp

6s p

21X

lisp

4s p

27X

lOsp

4s p

31X

2')

lOsp

4s p

15X

3sp

I6X

lOsp

5sp

11X

8sp

17X

31 18sp 8X 18sp 14X

32 18sp 8X 18sp I4X

33 17sp 8X 22sp I IX

34 16sp 9X 24sp 11 X

35 16sp 9X 28sp 9X 3sp 2X

36 I7sp 7X 29sp 13X

37 17sp 6X 31sp 5X 3sp 2X

38 16sp 7X 30sp 9X

39 14sp 8X 32sp 2X 2sp 2X

40 12sp 11 X 3 lsp IX lsp 2X

41 8sp IX lsp 2X 4sp IX 5sp IX 31sp 2X

42 9sp 5X 2sp IX 6sp 3X 26sp 3X

43 9sp 18X

44 12X 2sp 15X 2sp 15X 2sp 14X 2sp 11X

(Mike Himowitz is a Washington correspondent for
the Baltimore Evening Sun and proprietor of Federal
Hill Software. Julius Nelson is an educator, author of
many typing textbooks and creator of the craft known
as "Arty ping. ")

144

the RAINBOW January 1984

Setting

The Sta

WHAT THEY

loirclionl of Ihe pack the Rainbow, r
It iscitnal 1 Dayt

coLORPeoe HQBQTTflCK

This truly outstanding engineer designed. 100%
machine language game with multi-colored high
resolution characters and fast action will chal-
lenge the most avid arcade buff Can be played
by 1 or 2 players controlled with joy sticks or key
board. Joy stick control is fast, smooth and ac-
curate. AsCOLORPEDE slithers through the toad
stools, you attempt to destroy the COLORPEDE.
knock out the menacing Bouncing Bug and elim-
inate toad stools while accumulating higher and
higher scores. Demonstration mode with top 5
scores, Pause feature, For 16K Color Computer
and TDP-tOO.

Cassette- $29. 95 Disk- $34. 95

RAINBOW

Ultra fasl arcade action with colorful high resold
tion graphics. You are the super human who must
fighl off the attacking robots and save the remain-
ing humans from destruction You have super
powers, can shoot in any direction and move
anywhere on the sen
mission.

Engineer designed, 100% machine language.
Can be played by 1 or 2 players with joy stick con-
trol. Top 5 scores displayed Pause feature For
16K Color Computer and TDP-100 with joy sticks

Cassette- $24. 95 Disk- $27. 95

TO ORDER:

VISA, MASTERCARD, Money Order.
Please allow 2 weeks for checks. Add
$1 .50 for shipping, $3.00 outside U.S. 4%
tax in Mich.

•J

P.O. Box 1035, East Lansing, Ml 48823
(517) 351-8537

3UIRIES INVITED

COMMUNICATIONS

QUALITY PROGRAMS SOLICITED

16K

the

ECB

RAINBOW

/.- -V

YOUR PROGRAMS

gy WITH w%

Confidence

By Jorge Mir

How many times have you saved a program on
cassette and encountered an "I/O ERROR" when
you tried to load it back in? If you don't make more
than one copy, well, you know very well what it means.

You can now save programs to cassette with a lot more
confidence. This is what Prated was mainly designed to do!
Protect is a short BASIC subroutine to be added to pro-
grams you are developing (or to any program for that mat-
ter) in order to protect them from being "erased."' I placed
the word erased in quotes because your computer does not
really erase any basic program, it just changes the pointers
telling the computer where the program starts and ends and
where the first step is.

Append the Protect subroutine at the end of your pro-
gram. Have the first step in your program indicate a
"GOSU B 9000" statement to the subroutine and from then
on you will have the program protected.

IMPORTANT: Any time you add, delete or edit steps to
your program, RUN it again to make sure the Protect

(Jorge Mir is a certified public accountant and is cur-
rently controller of a "Fortune 500" company. He
publishes most of his original work on the CoCo
through the Rainbow.)

subroutine keeps track of the new BASIC pointers.

The Protect subroutine actually creates a short machine
language program which, when executed, will reset the
BASIC pointers so you can get back into the program. For
example, you can actually type NEW [ENTER] which wipes
out your program without losing it at all! All you have to do
is type EXEC[ENTER] and presto you are back into your
program.

There is a CSA VE subroutine within Protect which will
allow you to save programs to cassette and immediately
reload them to make sure they were correctly copied. When
you a re ready to make a cassette copy of your program, jusl
type GOTO 10000. The program will then ask for the file-
name under which your program will be saved. It will save it
to cassette and will then ask you to reload it immediately to
check it out.

If you encounter an I/O Error when loading the copy,
don't worry. All you have to do is type EXEC [ENTER] and
you arc back into the original program which you can try to
save again. It is just that simple!

If for some reason the BASIC pointers are accidentally
changed by either typing NEW or POKEing erroneously
into the pointer locations in RAM, just follow the same
procedure to recover the program.

146

the RAINBOW January T9B4

[n some cases, you may not be able to follow this proce-
dure to make sure your program has been copied correctly.
For example, if your program is quite long, you might run
out of memory when you are reloading the copy. What
actually happens is that both programs (the original one
plus the reloaded copy) must reside in memory. If both of
them cannot fit in memory, you will get an 0/ M Error. If
that is the case, there is only one thing to do: Make several
copies to make sure you get a good one!

Protect will give you that added peace of mind against
those monstrous words: "I/O Error,"

y/ qnKn

9060.... 01B5

110020 . , . 026D
END 0376

2 * ***####****###**#»*»*******

3 '

4 ' TYPE YOUR PROGRAMS BETWEEN

5 ' STEPS 10 AND B999.

6 ' TO CSAVE, JUST TYPE:

7 ' GOTO 10000 <ENTER>
B '

9 * *##«*#**#***#######***#*###

B999 END

9000 *** PROTECT SUBROUTINE #»

9010 »#* BY: JORBE MIR **

9020 B-PEEK<25)#236+PEEK(26>

9030 P-&H200

9040 P0KE«cH9D f 2 : P0KE&H9E , O : Y-0

9050 Y-0: FOR X-1T038STEP2

9060 POKEP+Y ( VAL("*H"-i-MID»<"8EOO

009F 1 98E00009F 1 BBE0O00BF00007EAE

75" , X , 2) ) : Y=Y+1 : NEXTX

9070 POKEP+ 1 , PEEK ( 25 > : POKEP+2 , PE

EK (26) :POKEP+6 f PEEK (27) :POKEP+7,

PEEK (28)

9080 POKEP+ll t PEEK(B):POKEP+12pP

EEK(Bi-l)

9090 P0KEP+14,PEEK(23>:POKEP+15,

PEEK (26)

9100 RETURN

lOOOO *** CSAVE SUBROUTINE #*

100 10 QOSUB 9000

10020 CLS:INPUT"PROQRAM NAME"! I*

10030 CSAVE I*

1004O CLS:PRINT:PRINT"O.K. , PROG

RAM IS NOW SAVED. "

10050 PRINT: PRINT"REWIND TAPE AN

D 'CLOAD' IT AT THIS TIME. ■

10060 PRINT: PRINT" IF YOU GET AN

'I/O ERROR', THEN TYPE 'EXEC, P

RESS < ENTER > AND SAVE THE PROGR

AM AGAIN. ":print:print

10070 P0KE25, PEEK (27) : POKE26, PEE

K (28): NEW

lOOSO POKEP+14,PEEK(25>:POKEP+l5

, PEEK (26)

10090 RETURN

"AN ABSOLUTE JEWEL". "THE PERFECT DBM"
"I USE C.C. WRITER FOR MY CORRESPONDENCE"
"IMPRESSIVE". "JUST RIGHT". "PROFESSIONAL"

Trans Tek Software

has earned these words of praise from review-
ers in The Rainbow, 80 Micro. Creative Com-
puting, arid other publications. Like our
customers, you'll see why when you buy:

C.C. Calc The Electronic Spreadsheet $34.95

C.C. File The Micro Data Base Manager $12.95

C.C. Writer Versatile Word Processing $29.95

C.C. Mailer Mailing List/Letter Merge $29.95

JUKI MODEL 6100
LETTER QUALITY DAISYWHEEL PRINTER!!

18 c.p.s. • 2K (expandable to 8K} Buffer •
Optional Tractor Feed • Uses IBM Ribbons • Rugged
Construction • Complete Kit, Ready to Plug in To
Color Computer, Including Serial to Parallel Converter!!

$689.00*

Drop-in 100
Character Printwheel

Ordering Info on Next Page

January 1984 Ihe RAINBOW 147

MYSTIC MANSION — New!! You'll be hearing lots about this incredible ALL GRAPHIC adventure. Explore the mansion and escape from
the island, if you can! This one is tough to solve, but you'll have fun trying. For 32K Disk only. Disk $29.95

SUPER STATS — New!! The most powerful statistics program available for the CoCo/TDP, Multiple linear regression, forecasting, mean,
standard deviation, correlation coefficients, covariance, F and t tests. Powerful data editing and manipulation abilities such as trans-
formation of variables including log, exponentiation, raise to a power and multiply by or add a constant. Data plotting. Student t tail
areas, Gaussian cumulative probability distributions, and more. Flexible I/O (screen or printer, tape or disk). Very good documentation.
16K Extended BASIC, Cassette S29.9S

SIMPLEX — New!! Linear programming by the "simplex" method now available for the Color Computer. This powerful decision making
tool finds the optimum "mix" for a given set of constraints. Ideal for business students, teachers, and professionals. Dynamic model dimen-
sioning, with maximum size approximately 45 constraints and 45 variables. Disk compatible. 16 page manual included. 16K Extended
BASIC. Cassette $29.95

PAGE PLUS — Attention BASIC programmers! Here is the software you've been waiting for! Up to S6K available from your BASIC
programs. This utility, written by Chris Hawks, does the memory management necessary to utilize the two 32K banks of memory. Easy
enough for any "intermediate" level BASIC programmer to use. Includes documentation and demo programs to show you how to use
PAGE PLUS to get the most out of your computer Works with 64K tape or disk systems. Cassette $27.95 Disk $29.95

MDISK — Hal Snyder's latest breakthrough for the64K Color Computer! MDISK lets you use the upper 32K of memory for rapid storage
and retrieval of programs and data. Whether you own an actual disk drive or not. MDISK puts the "hidden" 32K to work for you as a "virtual
disk," with capability to save and load up to 15 programs, view a directory of files stored in "page 1 ," kill unwanted page 1 files, execute
BASIC or machine language directly from MDISK, chain to a BASIC program while preserving data already created, and more. These
functions are available not only under manual keyboard control, but from programs in progress as well, permitting high-speed swapping
of programs or data, Unlike many 64K utilities, MDISK doesn't copy BASIC to RAM. This greatly increases the amount of workspace
available to you (by 22K in a disk system). MDISK is written in position independent code, and will work on disk or tape based 64K systems.
Full documentation included. Cassette $27.95 Disk $29.95

ROMBACK — Why pay more? The easiest to use ROM-pak dumping utility available! At the best price, too! Comes with full documentation,
including detailed patching instructions to allow several popular "problem" cartridges to run from tape or disk. Stop plugging and
unplugging your disk controller! Don't blow any more SAM chips or 6809Es! Use ROMBACK. and run those programs from tape or disk
instead. Works with any 64K Extended BASIC system. Cassette $16.95

QUICKSORT — A machine language sort routine specifically designed to be used by BASIC programmers. Speeds up those programs
where a BASIC sort is just too slow, Great for mailing lists and databases. Can be incorporated into many existing programs as well.
Written in positron independent code, works on tape or disk systems. 16K required. Cassette $12.95

64K BOOT/PAGER — The 64K Boot allows you to modify BASIC by moving it from ROM to RAM. The PAGER is a menu-driven utility
allowing you to manually page between the 32K banks of memory, copying BASIC or data from one page to the other. The complete
assembler source code for both programs is included. Both are written in position independent code and run on 64Ktapeor disk systems.
Cassette $19.95

STRUCTURED MACROS — An assembly language programming tool for users of the Macro-80C assembler, by the Micro Works.
Structured macros come close to transforming your assembler into a high-level language. Your programs become more understandable
and debugging is simplified. Commands include IF, ELS, ENDIF, IFTST, IFCC, WHILE, ENDWH, REPEAT, and UNTIL. Disk $19.95

WIZARD 64 — If you've got 64K. then this one's for you! Uses both 32K pages of memory for graphics and action— combines the features
of Wizard's Tomb and Wizard's Tomb Part II into one great game. Challenging enough for adults, yet entertaining for younger players too.
64K Extended BASIC reguired. Cassette $21.95 Disk $23.95 16K version $12.95 32K version $15.95

All Software Available on 3" AMDISK Cartridges— $4 additional

ORDERING INFORMATION

*S10 shipping, handling, & insurance on printers,

Amdisk, and monitors. $5 on modems. $2 on all other orders.

All prices U.S. funds.

Dealer Inquiries Invited

Skyline Marketing Corp.
4510 W. Irving Park Rd.
Chicago, IL 60641
(312) 286-0762

QUALITY SOFTWARE AND PERIPHERALS FOR YOUR COMPUTER

AN ASTRONOMICAL ARRAY

OF FEATURES

FOR A DOWN-TO-EARTH PRICE

MORE QUALITY: 120 cps • thruput time of 58 Ipm • high resolution
(120x144) bit image & block (6x6) graphics • extra fast forms feed
MORE FLEXIBILITY: super/sub script • underlining * backspacing

• double strike mode • emphasized print mode • 816 character
buffer • compatible with most software supporting leading printers

• 10" carriage • 15" carriage Gemini-15 available

MORE RELIABILITY: 180 day warranty (90 days for head & ribbon)
• mtbf rate of more than 5 million lines • print head life of more than
100 million characters

THE GEMINI-10 X

SAVE $100.°°!!!

Our incredible Gemini-10 package— a PRINTING SYSTEM ready to plug in to

your Color Computer. NOTHING MORE TO BUY. Includes serial to parallel converter,

graphic screen print software, deluxe user manual, and 5 minute setup instructions! A $479.00 value. Complete package

NEW
LOW PRICES!

Wide carriage Gemini-
Package ONLY $579-
Printer only $499"

15 also available:

ONLY $379*

Order yours today!

Parallel printer only, $299

GET THE MOST FROM YOUR SYSTEM WITH AN NEC MONITOR PACKAGE!

Without a monitor, you'll never know just how good your graphics are. Word processing

becomes less fatiguing, programming more enjoyable. NEC is famous for excellent

color reproduction and tack-sharp resolution. We take the work out of adding the monitor

to your system by including a custom plug-in monitor driver (with color, monochrome,

and audio outputs), any required cables, and easy setup instructions. Buy with

confidence— we've done the "homework" for you!

NEC 12" Color monitor (JC1212M) package ONLY $389'

NEC 12" Green-screen (JB1260M) package ONLY $169'

NEC 12" Amber screen (JB1205MA) package ONLY $219*

True lower-case and inverse video— just plug in the LCA-47. Special price with

monitor purchase $66.

GET SMART!! GREAT DEAL ON HAYES SMARTMODEMS

Hayes 300 baud Smartmodem— the amazing programmable auto-dial, auto-answer modem, now in a

special package deal for your Color Computer. Buy the Hayes for list price, and at NO EXTRA

CHARGE receive the Colorcom/E smart terminal program (cartridge or disk), an RS232 cable, and

setup instructions! Act now!

Hayes 300 baud Smartmodem package ONLY $289'

Hayes modem with CC cable only, $249"

Signalman Mark I modem, 300 baud direct connect, list $98, our price $86'

The revolutionary 3" disk system! Two compatible 156K drives in a
compact enclosure. Uses the rigid, protected 2-sided cartridge that
ha made others obsolete. Our package includes the Amdisk III,
cable, disk controller, Disk BASIC manual, 12 cartridges, setup
instructions, and a ML tape to disk program to help transfer your
software! Everything you need, plus you save $50!

Package price ONLY $689' Amdisk 111 plus cable only $479'
Order Now!!

SALE ON
AMDISK III
DISK SYSTEM!!

VISA

{MoitmCafd]

UPS C.O.D. orders gladly accepted.
$2.00 additional.

SKYLINE 64K Memory Upgrade Kits

8 guaranteed 200 n,s. 64K memory chips, solderless installation instructions,
Skyline's 64K BOOT and PAGER programs (a $19.95 value). All for the super
low price of $59.00! Order yours today!

GRAPHICS

16K
ECB

the

RAINBOW I

t/Mto (j/vetjngs 2

Program by
Eugene Vasconi

How many times while watching a science fiction
movie have you heard a voice from out of nowhere
say "Greetings from outer space!" Well, this pro-
gram entited Holiday gives us a painting of our planet earth
with an animated satellite in the foreground. As the program
runs, the satellite spins and moving beams transmit a famil-
iar holiday song to the surface of the planet. Scattered stars
twinkle as the audio plays at random intervals.

Prior to CLOADing this program, it is necessary to
PCLEAR8, and the length of the program dictates that
nothing is added or an OM Error will occur.

With the space age (and the computer age) upon us, you
will enjoy both watching and listening to this little "Holi-
day" animation.

-Noreen Morrison

The listing:

10 CLEAR75:60T06S0
PM0DE3, 1 : SCREEN 1 , 1
PCLS<3):C0L0R5,3
CIRCLE(0, 196) , 173,5,

75, .75,

PAINT (25, 150), 2, 5
CIRCLE (200, 35) , 20, 5, . 25
CIRCLE (200, 70) ,20,5, .25, . O,

80 LINE (220, 35) -(220, 70), PSET: LI

NE ( 180, 35) - ( 180, 70) , PSET: LINE (20

3, 35) -(198, 20) ,PSET,B

90 PAINT (190, 35), 5, 5: PAINT (190, 5

0),4,5

100 LINE- (180, 15), PSET: LINE (198,

20) - ( 180, 25) , PSET: LINE ( 198, 20) - (

216, 25) , PSET: LINE (198, 20) - (216, 1

5) , PSET: LINE (203, 75) -( 198, 90) , P9

ET,B

110 PAINT (200, 85), 5, 5

(Eugene Vasconi, a free-lance television producer,
holds a M.A. in telecommunications. A self-taught
CoCoerfor two years, he sees the computer as the art
form of she future in both graphics and music. His
activities in Dallas involve television production and
aviation.)

120 f0rx=0t04ostep10

130 line (1s0+x, 90) -(iso, 97), pset

,b:nextx

140 PAINT (185, 94), 1,5: PAINT (195,

94) , 2, 5: PAINT (205, 94) ,3,5: PAINT (

215, 94), 4, 5

150 FORX-1TO20

1 60 R»RND ( 1 80 > : S-RND ( 60 )

170 T-RND(70)+180:U-RND(90)+100

ISO PSET(R,S,5):PSET(T,U,5)

190 NEXTX

200 CIRCLE (0,176), 68, 5, 1.3, .75, .

210 CIRCLE (0,104) ,60,5,-9, .95, .0

220 CIRCLE (0,150) ,100,5,-8,-85, .

230 CIRCLE (110, 180), 22,5, 1, .65, .

240 CIRCLEdlS, 148), 20,5, 1,-98,.

250 LINE ( 135, 146) - ( 143, 155) , PSET

:LINE-(150, 142), PSET

260 CIRCLE (96, 168), 62, 5,. 7,. 92,.

270 LINE (155, 180) -(168,168), PSET

280 PAINT (10, 90), 5, 5

290 CIRCLE(15,195),20,5,1.7,.6,0

300 PAINT(15,190),5,5

320 F0RX-60TD192:PSET(0,X,2)!NEX

TX : FDRX=0T0175: PSET (X , 191,2) : NEX

330 PM0DE3,5

340 F0RX=lT04:Y=-X+4

350 PCOPY X TO Y

360 NEXTX

370 PM0DE3 , 1 : COLORS , 3

3B0 FQRX=10T01S0STEP3

390 Y=INT(100-(X/6) ):Z=INT(140-(

X/2.7))

400 PSET(X,Y S 4):PSET(X,2,4>

410 NEXTX

420 F0RX=80T0180STEP3

150

the RAINBOW January 1984

430 A=INT<260-<X/.97>>

440 PSETCX,A,4>

450 NEXTX

460 F0RX=0T030STEP10

470 LINE(190+X,3B>-(ia0+X,73>,P9

480 NEXTX

490 F0RX=1T05

500 R=RND ( 1 SO > : 9-RND < 60 > : PSET ( R ,

B,4>

510 T-RND<75>+180:U»RND(90)+i00:

PSET(T,U,4>

520 NEXTX

530 PM0DE3,5:C0L0R5,3

540 F0RX=0TD20STEP10

550 SCREEN 1,1

5&0 LINE<195+X,38>-(ie5+X,73),PS

570 NEXTX

580 LINE (215, 73>-(220, 56), PSET

590 F0RX-BT0178STEP3

600 Y=«INT<100-(X/6>>:Z»INT<140-(

X/2.7))

610 PSET(X,Y,4>:PSET(X,Z,4)

620 NEXTX

630 F0RX-78T0178STEP3

640 A=-INT(260-(X/.97)>:PSET(X,A,

4>: NEXTX

650 F0RX-1T05

660 R=RND( ISO) :S=RND<60>: PSET <R,
S,4)

670 T«RND<75)+180:U=RND(9O>+100:
PSET (T,U,4): NEXTX
675 B0T0700
680 DIMA*<63)

690 FORG= 1 T 063 : READA* ( ) : NE X TQ
693 BOT020
700 Q-0

710 F0RX-1TQBSTEP4
720 PM0DE3,X: SCREEN 1,1
730 IFQ«63THEN733ELSE747
733 F0RAA=1T020:NEXTAA
745 A=RND(100):IFA=12THEN Q=OELS
E760

747 Q-Q+l

750 PLAY ,, L40*05|XA*<Q> J"
755 F0RP=-1TD10:NEXTP
760 NEXTX
770 B0TD710

780 DATA E,E, E,G,E,E,E, 6,E,G,C,D
,E,E,E,E,F,F,F,F,F,E,E,E,E,D,D,E
,D,G,F,D,E,E,E,B,E,E,E,8,E,G,C,D
E E E E
790 DATA F,F,F,F,F,E,E,E,8,B,F,D

The Original FLEX™ for Color Computers

* Upgrade to 64K

" RS to FLEX, FLEX to RS fi!e transfer ability
■ Create your own character set

* Automatic recognition ot single or double density and single or
doubled sided

* All features available for either single or multiple drive systems

* Settable Disk Drive Seek Rates

' Faster High Resolution Video Display with 5 different formats

' Save RS Basic from RAM to Disk

' Move RS Basic to RAM

' Load and save function on FLEX disk

" 24 Support Commands 12 with Source Text

1 External Terminal Program

Languages Available
Pascal, Fortran, RS Basic, RS Assembler. TSC Basic. TSC Assemb-
ler. Relocating Assembler, Macro Assembler. Mumps

If you are lired or playing games on you* TRS-80C Color Computer or tind that you arc
handicapped by the Inflations of the FIS BASiC m trying lo write a Program that will allow you IP
actually USE the Color Computer as 3 COMPUTER. YOU ARE READY TO MOVE UP TO THE
FLEX9 Operating System II you wanl 10 nave REAL PROGRAMMING POWER using an
Extremely Powerlul Business BASIC PASCALS- C Compilers- a lull-blown Macro Assembler
wilh a Library capability so you are not continuously reinventing (lie wheel YOU ARE READY
TO MOVE UP TO THE FLEX9 Operating System II you would like 10 see il YOU REALLY
COULD USE A COMPUTER IN YOUR BUSINESS, or begin 10 make your Computer start
PAYING IT S OWN WAY by doing some Computer Work lor the millions dS smalt businesses
around you. such as Wordprocessing Payroll, Accounting Inventory etc then YOU ARE
READY TO MOVE UP TO THE FLEX9 Operating System How" DATA-COMP has the way 1

DATA-COMP haft everything you need to make your TflS-BOC Color Computer WORK
Im YOU; from Parts and Pieces to Full. Ready To Use SYSTEMS. DATA-COMP designs,
sells, services, and SUPPORTS Computer SYSTEMS, not just Software. CALL DATA-
COMP TODAY to make your Computer WORK FOR YOU!

System Requirements

FLEX9 Special General Version x Editor & Assembler (which normally sell for S50 00

ea) SI 50 00

F-MATE(RS) FLEX9 Conversion Roul lor the RS Disk Controller

when purchased with Special General FLEX9 Sys 549.95

when purchased without the General FLEX9 Sys £59 95

Set of Eight 64K HAM Chips w Mod Instructions S59.95

Color Computer with 64K RAM and EXT BASIC

SPECIAL SYSTEM PACKAGES

$399 95

64K Radio Shack COLOR COMPUTER, Radio Shack COLOR DISK CONTROLLER, a Disk
Drive System. Special General Version of FLEX9 . FMATE(RS) and a Box of m
Double Density Diskettes; a COMPLETE, ready to run SYSTEM on your Color TV Set

$1079.95

DISK DRIVE PACKAGES, etc.

These PacKages Include the Radio Shack Disk Controller. Disk Drives w.jh Power Supply and
Cabinet, and Disk Drive Cable:

PAK *1 - t Single Sided. Double Density Sys $489.95

PAK #2 2 Single Sided Double Den si ly Sys. S749 95

PAK *3 i Double Sided. Double Density Sys $569 95

PAK »4 2 Double Sided. Double Density Sys. S919.95

PAK tf5 ■ 2 Grume Thmlme Double Sifled Double Density Sys 5749.95

DATA-COMP s FLEX9 Conversion for Ihe TRS-flOC Color Computer was designed lor Ibe
SERIOUS COMPUTER USER; with leatures like greatly increased Display Screens WITH
Lower Case Letters, so you can put a FULL Menu on ONE Screen or see SEVERAL Para-
graphs at the same lime, with features hue providing a FULL Keyboard so you have FULL
Control ol your Computer AND il s Programs NATURALLY, without needing a chad to see what
Key Combination will give you what Tunc! ion. wilh USE RORIENTED lunctions ID make using
ihe Operating System natural, like having the Computer AUTOMATICALLY determine what
type ol Disk is being used in what lype ol Disk Drive and working accordingly rather thai you
ha ye lo specify each and every thing lor it. or like having the Computer work with Ihe Printer you
have been using all along wilhoul you having to leu Ihe new operating Sysiem whal is there. etc

"FLEX is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants

P.O. Box 794 HIXSON, TN 37343

PARTS AND PIECES
Radio Shack Disk Controller
1 Single Sided. Double Density Disk Drive Tandon
' Double Sided. Double Density Disk Drive Oume
i Oume Thinrine Double Sided. Double Density

Screen Clean — Clears Up Video Distortion On Your Color Computer

Single Drive Cabinet with Power Supply

Double Drive Cabinet wilh Power Supply

Single Drive Disk Cable lor RS Controller

Double Drive Disk Cable for RS Controller

Micro Tech Prods Inc LOWER CASE ROM Adapter

Radio Shack BASIC Version 1.1 ROM

Radio Shack Ei tended Basic ROM

$179.95
5249.95
$349.95

$279.95

$39 95

S89 95

SI 09 95

$24 95

S34 95
574 95
534 95
(89 95

DATA-COMP

1-615-842-4601

January 1984 the RAINBOW

USING GRAPHICS

16K
ECB

the
■■_

RAINBOW

J- -I

Prompted Graphics Program

By Don Inman

As you sit down at your Color Computer to enter what
may turn out to be your favorite program, pause for
a few moments fora little planning. Reflect upon the
fact that you might want to save your program and use it
again at some later date. When the time comes, will you
remember what the program does and how to use it? Will
you remember what values are to be entered for any varia-
bles that you may have used? Maybe you'll want to show
your program off to someone else. Will they know what
should be entered from the keyboard?

A well-documented program should not only have lots of
meaningful REM statements that show up in a listing, but
also lots of easy to read prompts and clear menus from
which to make selections. 1 realize that most of my own
programs do not measure up to this advice. However, I will
promise to improve in this respect if you will also.

A typical example would be an Extended Color basic
graphics program. There is a certain amount of detail work
that must be done before the desired graphics can be dis-
played. The correct mode must be selected from a list of five:
PMODE 0, PMODE I, PMODE 2, PMODE 3. and
PMODE 4. Each mode differs from the others in one or
more of the following ways:

1 ) the number of pixels (the smallest graphic element),

2) the size of the pixels, and

3) the number of colors available. Table 1 shows the
variations possible.

Tabic 1 - GRAPHIC MODES

PMODE

Row and Column
Size

Number of

Colors

Pixel
Size

PMODE 4
PMODE 3
PMODE 2

PMODE 1
PMODE

256 by 192
128 by 192

128 by 92

128 by 96
128 by 96

2
4
2

Figure I - SCREEN NUMBERING

255

rows

columns

191

approximate
center of the
screen

Figure I shows how graphic screen positions are num-
bered for all PMODEs. It also shows a pixel at the approxi-
mate center of the screen. Figure 2 shows the relative size
and the X,Y positions occupied by one pixel (the shaded
area) in each graphic mode.

(Don Inman is the acknowledged master of micro-
computer graphics and the author of a large number of
books, including " TRS-80 Color Computer Graphics
and Assembly Language Graphics for the TRS-80
Color Computer " with Kurt Inman.)

152

Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

one X,Y
position

Figure 2 — Pixel Size

PMODE 4 PMODE 3 PMODE 2 PMODE 1 PMODE

Iwo X,Y

positions

two X,Y

positions

four X,Y

positions

fourX.Y
positions

TRS-80C"and TDP lOO* SPECIALISTS

COLORFORTH®

IS THERE LIFE AFTER BASIC? Yes! with COLORFORTH, a new, high level language for the color computer,
COLORFORTH, a figFORTH compiler, has an execution time as much as lO to 20 times faster than Basic,
and can be programmed faster than Basic COLORFORTH Is highly modular for easy testing and debug-
ging. COLORFORTH has been specially customized for the color computer and requires only 16K. It does
not require Extended Basic. When you purchase COLORFORTH, you receive both cassette and RS/DISK
versions, the figEDITOR and an extensive instruction manual. Both versions and 75 page manual, all for
only S49.95

PCFORTH

FORTH for the IBM PC®and Zenith Z-lOO® All the features of COLORFORTH, but customized for the IBM
and Zenith Z-lOO personal computers. Requires 32K and MS/DOS or IBM/PCDOS, On 5-1/4" SSDD
diskette. Complete with 75 page manual, just $59,95

^j-yf' MASTER MIXOLOGIST 55

^j| v* The Bartenders' Guide

This disk based program for the color computer contains recipes for over 150 of your favorite bar drinks-
both alcoholic and non-alcoholic. MASTER MIXOLOGIST is menu driven for ease of use. Requires 16K
and one RS/DOS drive. Get this one today, it will be great for your next party $19,95

ARMADILLO BUG 8
MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR

More and more programs are appearing in magazines written in Machine Language, Now with AR-
MADILLO BUG, you can easily enter. Machine Language programs without a lot of time consuming
"pokes". ARMADILLO BUG is an excellent system for beginners to learn to write and debug their own
Machine Language programs as well. This package includes: Memory examine and change; Move;
Punch and Load; Fill commands; and more! Runs in 16K, and DOES NOT require Extended Basic. Com-
plete on cassette with printed manual, Just S 14,95

COLOR BIORHYTHMS

This is a neat BIORHYTHMS program you can use to chart the future (or past). Includes High Resolution
graphics without Extended Basic being required. Runs in 16K, On cassette, with instructions ... $ 10.95

OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST
"STARTING FORTH", a book by Leo Brodie, The best introductory Forth text available. 384 pages.
Softcover . $16.00

figFORTH Installation Manual. Contains FORTH model, glossary, memory map, and

instructions $15.00

figFORTH 68 09 Source Listing. (NOTE; THIS IS NOT IDENTICAL TO COLORFORTH SOURCE), Requires in-
stallation manual for implementation $15.00

BUY BOTH at the same time and SAVE!! Both for $25.00

"Computers Piss Me Off". Wear the official programmers badge, Large 2-1/4" yellow button says it all I

Postpaid $1.50

"I ^# My Color Computer". White button with black lettering and red heart. 2-1/4".

Post paid, only S 150

DEALER and AUTHOR INQUIRES INVITED

Please add $ 2.00 shipping in U.S. Texas residents add 5 %

Foreign orders must be in U.S. funds drawn on U.S. banks, or Mastercard and VISA

ARMADILLO INTL SOFTWARE

P.O. BOX 7661

AUSTINJEXAS 78712 PHONE (512)835-1088

NOTE: The upper led corner is 128,96
The lower left corner is 128,95.
The lower right corner is 129,95.
The upper right corner is 129,96

Since there is such a wide variety of options, it seems
logical to allow for a choice each time a program is run.
Otherwise, the program itselT would have to be changed
each time you want to change a value for a new run. We will
start building a subroutine that can be saved for use with any
graphic program that you might have. We can have the main
program jump right to the subroutine which uses the text
screen to prompt for the choices.

We know that the subroutine should let us choose the
PMODE number. Then we can run the program with any
PMODE we choose. The IN PUT prompts should name the
IN PUT and give a range of acceptable INPUT values. The
main program and the subroutine might start like this.

Main Program

100 REM * SAMPLE PROGRAM *

no '

1 20
1 30

GOS.TJB 1 0000
PMODE PN

go choose the options
PN from line 10040

Subroutine

10000 REM *
1 000 f REM
1 0020 ,
I0030 CLS
I0040 INPUT

SUBROUTINE FOR
GRAPHIC OPTIONS

■+ clear the text screen

TMODE NUMBER 0-4"PN first input

After the PMODE(ths variable PN) is selected, you will
probably want to clear the graphics screen. Extended Color
BASIC allows you to clear the graphics screen to any one of
four background colors in a four-color mode ( PMODE3 or
PMODE /). The screen may be cleared to one of two back-
ground colors in a two-color mode ( PMODE4, PMODE2,
or PMODE 0). The statement for clearing the screen is:

PCLSn -* T

n = color value chosen from Table 2

There are two color sets that may be used (numbered
and ! ). The colors available in each set depend upon which
PMODE is being used. The color set is selected by the
SCREEN statement.

SCREEN n,m

for text screen -***** m :

for graphics screen m=

selects color set

1 selects color set I

The color values of Table 2 are also used to select back-
ground or foreground colors for each of the five PMODEs.
The desired color is selected from the appropriate color set.

Table 2 — Graphic Colors

PMODE

COLORSET

COLORS

1 or 3

1= green, 2— yellow
3 =blue, 4= red

5 = buff, 6 = cyan,

7 = magenta, 8 = orange

0, 2, or 4

=black, I = green

= black, 5 = buff

The screen and color selections are added to the subrou-
tine and to the main program to give the following:

Main Program

iOO REM *S AMPLE PROGRAM*

no '

120 G05UB lOOOO
130 PMODE PN ~-
140 PCLS PK —
150 SCREEN 1,SC*
160 *
999 END -*

mode

background
graphic color set

separate end of program
from subroutine

Subroutine

lOOOO

10010

10020

10030

10040

10050

10060

10070

10080

8" ;BK

10090

10200

REM ^SUBROUTINE FOR
REM GRAPHIC OPTIONS*

CLS

INPUT "PMODE NUMBER 0-4" ;P

accept through 4

IF PN<0 OR PN>4 THEN 10040 v
INPUT "COLOR SET OR 1";S

accept only and 1
IF SC<0 OR SOI THEN 10060 '*
INPUT "BACKGROUND COLOR O-

IF BK<1 OR BIOS THEN lOOQO ^

RETURN accept through 8

One other possible input choice would be the value of the
foreground color to be used. This can be selected by the
COLOR statement,

COLOR n,m
foreground value ^background value

The acceptable range of values for the foreground color
are also dependent on the color set being used. Values from
Table 2 are used.

Add to the Main Program:

1 60 COLOR FG,BK-*-same background selected in Line 10080
^ foreground selected by subroutine Line 10100
Add to the SUBROUTINE:

10I00 INPUT "FOREGROUND COLOR 0-8";FG
I0I 10 IF FG<0 OR FG>8 THEN 10I00

The complete subroutine is now:

lOOOO REM *SUBROUTINE FOR

10010 REM GRAPHIC OPTIONS*

10020 *

10030 CLS

10040 INPUT "PMODE NUMBER 0-4 " ; P

10050 IF PN<0 OR PN>4 THEN 10040

10060 INPUT "COLOR SET O OR 1";S

10070 IF SC<0 OR SOI THEN 10060

154

the RAINBOW January 1984

WE'VE DONE IT!

(DONE WHAT?)

We brought you an outstanding game for your enjoyment

(see the reviews on GUARDIAN)

We brought the price of hard-working software down to everyone's reach

(see the PRICE of SUPERFORTH!)

GUARDIAN

Here are some excepts from two of the
reviews:

From "RAINBOW" 11-83 Issue:

". . .Alas, I have found THE game that puts
me in seventh heaven. . .or somewhere in
a galaxy far, far away, called GUARDIAN,
by QUASAR ANIMATIONS. I was very im-
pressed the first time I played GUARDIAN,
not only because of its similarity to DE-
FENDER, one of my favorite arcade games,
but because it provides more action than
its counterpart!, , ,"

From "HOT COCO" 11-83 Issue:

", . .Of all the DEFENDER clones, GUARDIAN
has them all beat. The sound effects a re of
superb quality — sometimes I'd swear
that I was at an arcade playing DEFENDER.
. . .I have played two other DEFENDER
clones that received good reviews, but
they cannot come close to GUARDIAN'S
standards. . ."

$27.95 (tape)
$29.95 (disk)

SUPERFORTH

Now you can get that speed and quality
in your programming you're missing when
you use BASIC. And you don't have to
learn assembly language to do it!

The SUPERFORTH programming environ-
ment is not a unique language but con-
forms to fig-FORTH stanqards and proviqes
34 additional words and commands that
are similar to COLOR & EXTENDED COLOR
BASIC making this worthy of the name
SUPERFORTH.

Imagine 20 to 50 times the speed in
your programs! We've provided two free
programs written in SUPERFORTH to show
exam pies of the speed and quality a swell
as examples of the structure to get you
started. One is a BREAKOUT type of game
and the other is a SCREEN EDITOR. You
can use the EDITOR to "lisf ' the BREAKOUT
game to see its structure.

You can use any word processor that
write our ASC files (We use TELEWRITER to
write our SUPERFORTH programs). Or you
can use the provided EDITOR to write your
program,

$39.95

(tape or disk)

Add $2,00 per order for postage and handling.

QUASAR ANIMATIONS

1520 Pacific Beach Drive
San Diego California, 92109

100B0 INPUT "BACKGROUND COLOR 0-

8";BK

10090 IF BK<1 OR BK>8 THEN 100B0

10100 INPUT "FOREGROUND COLOR 0-

B"$FB

10110 IF F8<0 OR FQ>8 THEN 101O0

10200 RETURN

You may fill in whatever graphic design that you wish for
program lines 160 through 999. Here is an example that
draws 25 magenta blocks on an orange background at ran-
dom positions on the screen. The inputs will produce these
graphics values:

PMODE 3 .«_ high resolution, 4 colors

PCLS 8 ■*- orange background

SCREEN 1,1 *- color set 1

COLOR 7 ,8-*_magenta foreground on the orange background

Main Program

100 REM #SAMPLE PROBRAM*

110 *

120 OOSUB 10000.

130 PMODE PN

140 PCLS BK

4 »/s DPnrru 4 «r* "*"" Variables input in subroutine

1 DO bLntbn 1 h i>L,

160 COLOR FB,BK

COMPUT€R
BUSINESS FORMS

Continuous forms, lobeis, paper, checks,
invoices, statements— oil with uour
imprint. Continuous letterhead with a
perf so fine that you need a magnifying
glass to tell it's a fan fold sheet.
Matching envelopes,

Regular letterhead, business forms and
cards also.

Send sample for quote. Send $3.00
(refundable on first order) for our
catalog.

Catalog also includes computer
furniture.

D6S6RT PRCSS, INC.

P.O. Box 151 28
Las Vegas, Nevada 891 1 4

170 FOR N=l TO 25

1B0 X**RND(240>: Y-RNDC1B0)

190 LINE(X, Y)-(X + 10, Y+-10) ,PSET,B

20O NEXT N

210 *

220 FOR WAIT=1 TO lOOOlNEXT WAIT

999 END

Add the subroutine (as last shown) and run the program
several times using different inputs each time. This will allow
you to decide which values produce the best results. Here is
how the input display looked before the graphics were
drawn.

PMODE NUMBER 0-4? 3
COLOR SET OR 1 ?1
BACKGROUND COLOR 0-4 ? 8
FOREGROUND COLOR 0-8 ? 7

^_ flashing cursor

The main program may be changed to display any screen
design that you want. Next month we'll take a look at the use
of menus.

The listing:

100 REM *SAMPLE PROBRAM*

110 *

120 SOSUB 10000

130 PMODE PN

140 PCLS BK

150 SCREEN 1,SC

160 COLOR FG,BK

170 FOR N=l TO 25

180 X=RND<240>: Y=RND(180)

190 LINE<X,Y>-<X+10,Y+10>,PSET,B

200 NEXT N

210 *

220 FOR WAIT=1 TO 1000: NEXT WAIT

999 END

10000 REM *SUBROUTINE FDR

10010 REM GRAPHIC OPTIONS*

10020 *

1003O CLS

10040 INPUT "PMODE NUMBER 0-4 " ; P

10050 IF PN<0 OR PN>4 THEN 10040

10060 INPUT "COLOR SET O OR 1";S

10070 IF SC<0 OR SOI THEN 10060

100BO INPUT "BACKGROUND COLOR O-

8";BK

10090 IF BK<1 OR BK>8 THEN 10080

10100 INPUT " FOREGROUND COLOR 0-

S"5FG

10110 IF FG<0 OR FG>8 THEN 10100

10200 RETURN _

156

the RAINBOW January 1984

BUY ANY

ONE ITEM

TAKE A

10°/

DISCOUNT

xxxxxxxxm

ARCADE GAMES

SPECTRAL
ASSOCIATES

SPACE WAR-Fasi action. You rnusi break ihrough enemy
defenses of dear I" star to win. Watch om Tot black holes. E6k
A. joystick required
CASSETTE $21 M

BATTLE FLEET-Traditional favorite. As Admiral-in-
Command, you declare war against opponent or computer.
Challenges your naval tactics, Extended basic required,
CASSETTE „ $14.95

SPACE TRADERS-C an you become ihe Horatio Alger of
outer space? Become a millionaire if you make the righi
moves for 2 to 4 players. Exicnded Basic required,
CASSETTE 5 14.95

ROBOT BATTLE-tiuide your human through am ever
changing maze and never ending attacks of robot hordeh , A
berserk type game. 16k joysticks required.
CASSETTE 52 1 .95

KEYS OF THE WIZARD-Super adventure game. Hundreds
of rooms filled with treasures, magic spelts, craps and
puzzles. Save game in progress. 16k,
CASSETTE ..,,,.„ S 19,95

GALAX ATTACK- If you want a challenge, ihts is it! Pal-
terned after Calaxians. An arcade quality game. |6k and
joysticks required.
CASSETTE $2 1.95

SUB HUNT-As the commander of a destroyer, you must
deslroy as many enemy subs as you can before ihcy destroy
you. 16k extended basic.
CASSETTE . , 514.95

ALCATRAZ If -No one escapes from Alcatraz 11, not even
you! Think you can be ihe first? 3 6k extended basic,
CASSETTE S&.95

LASER CO MMAND- Defend your cities and misslc base
from the deadly alien lasers, Multiple waves of attackers.
16k extended basic and joystick required.
CASSTETTE ..;.*, ,$10,95

COSMIC SUPER bqwl Fast action interstellar

football. Five skill levels to provide a challenge. One or more

players. 16k

CASSETTE $14,95

GHOST COBBLER-Four relentless ghosts inteni on your

destruction. Chase your gobbler around rhis super maze. Best

of the pac-man type games. 16k and joysticks

required.

CASSETTE SZ1 ,95

LOTHAR'S LABYRINTH-An excellent version of ihe
popular word search puzzle. The computer hides up to 48
words on ihe screen in all di reel ions. Use ihe computers
words or your own. Extended basic.
CASSETTE $14,95

PLANET INVASJOVEf you enjoy Defcnder,you will love

this one. Lots of fast action. 16k and joysiicks

required.

CASSETTE S11.95

SPACE RACE — Maneuver yourself around a race track in
space, but beware of alien ships, the collectors, swarmers
and bezerkers they are all out to do you in.
CASSETTE , 52 1.95

DEFENSE-lf you Like Polaris and Misslc Command (his

game is for you. A musi for your col led ion. 16k and joystick

required.

CASSETTE ..,,....,,♦,,,, $2 1.95

PIRATES A HOY- Find a sunken ship and treasures in ihis

winy and numerous lexi advenlure, 32k.

CASSETTE 59.95

ESCAPE FROM PRISON ClTY-hxplore the Prison Cily

where your spacecraft has been shoi down. You must find a

I .r :-.■:■■ for your spacecraft in Order 10 escape. 1 6k extended

basic.

CASSETTE 58,95

COLOR ZAP-Super space game! Dodge incoming photon
torpedos before they penetrate your defenses, 16k and
joysiicks required.
CASSETTE 59.95

WRITE FOR OUR

FREE CATALOG

IIITTTTTirr

TOM MIX
SOFTWARE

BIRD ATTACK-Shoot the birdmen before ihey decend

upon you. Watch out for (heir droppings. 16k extended

basic.

CASSETTE $11,95

DONKEY KING-Exciling sound and graphics, four screens
like ihe arcade game. Never before have you seen a game like
this for your Color Computer. The besi! Requires 32k.
CASSETTE ..,,524,95 DISK ..,,517,95

WAR KINGS-Shield your castle against cannonball attack
and deflect them towards your opponeis castle. [6k extended
basic and joysticks required.
CASSETTE 519,91

PROTECTORS -Enemy fighters drop bombs on your city.
Destroy ihem before they deslroy your city. Just like the
Defenders arcade game. Requires 32k.
CASSETTE 114.95

KATER PILLAR ATTACK- A fast-paced arcade game.

Have revues by color computer magazines. 16k and joysiicks

required.

CASSETTE 524.95

COMPUTERWARE®

STARSHIP CHAMELEON- You must defend your planci
againsi anack- You have the abiliiy 10 chanrje color in order

to deslroy on-coming bombs and ami-mailer. Nine levels of

plav.

CASSETTE.„.S24.95

STORM-A real TEMPEST of a game. Exchingand colorful.

15 battlefields, 9 levels of play.

C ASS ETT E . . . .524.95 D I S K . . . . $29.95

EL DIABLERO-You awake, dazed and confused, in ihe
middle of ihe desert, You have been learning techniques of
sorcery from an old man who lives in these pans. Me I old
you of his enemy, an evil sorcerer, H 'Diablocro'\ now your
teacher is missing and you are alone! Pure adventure,
CASSETTE ...,519.95

DOODLE BUG-Your lady bug hustles through an intricate
maze of barriers and turnstiles, eating dots, letters and
hearts. Exquisite sound and graphics.
CASSETTE,,. .$24.95 DISK .,.,529,95

RAIL RUNNER- Your engineer must scurry over the tracks
or the busiest swilch yard ever, io rescue (he hobo's on ihe
other side of the tracks.
CASSETTE ,..,521.95

SHARK TRKASURK-You must dive ihrough shark infesied
waters to bring back treasures from ihe ocean floor.
CASSETTE ..,.521.95

MtXJAPEDK-A very fast version of the Ccnicpedc type
game. Not for the fain I of heart.
CASSETTE, ...521, 95

COLOR BONANZA

50 Programs ■ 6 Cassettes

Some 4K * Some 16K * Some 32 K

Games — Educational — Utilities

FUN FOR THE WHOLE FAMILY

Only $49.95

Plus Sa.50 Shipping

^^CoCo
G Waiehoase

When: Shopping By Mail Is "USER FRIENDLY"

500 IM. DOBSON WESTLAND, Ml 48185
Phone (313) 722-7957

SOFT SECTOR
MARKETING

DEATH TRAP-As a tank commander El's your job io find a
safe passage ihrough (he maze of city streets that contain
mines and other hazards.
CASSETrE ,SJ9,9S

OEl-PRINT'ls a basic language program thai is designed io
do high resolution screen dumps from Ihe Radio Shack or
TDP-tOO Color Computer, to an Okidata Micro line B2A
printer. OKU PRINT wil dump any P MODE M p
PCM = MODE, P = PACE). If the P MODE is I or 3 {which
are color modes) the primer will altcmpt to shade the dif-
ferent colors in lighter and darker intensities of black in
order io make ihem more recognizeable. Extended basic re-
quired.
CASSETTE SU.9S

DISASSEMBLER 6809-This is an interactive disassembler
lhac allows you to call and examine subroutines or look at
labels in an ASCII mode without losing your place in the
disassembly. |i is primarily a SCREEN orienred
disassembler, but does have primer uuipui capability,
CASSETTE 514,95

ANIMATED HANGMAN-Playing hangman has never been
so much fun. He winks.. he blinks. .he almost lives! Art
outstanding game for the whole family. Fun and educa-
tional.
CASSETTE 512.95

CONCENTRATION/CONNECT UP ^Concentration is a
memory type game. Vou are trying to match up the screen
displays. Connect up 4 is a game where you iry (o match 4
dots of color in a row, but the person thai you are playing
with is trying to do (he same thing. A game of strategy.
CASSETTE ,, * $9.95

HURDLERS- You are a hurdler running down the track try-
ing t o clear t he jum ps . I f you m iss h yo u fal I flat on your face .
Requires 16k extended basic.
CASSETTE 514.95

QUALITY SOFTWARE

SHIPW KECK- Your stranded on a dcserled island and your
only hope for escape is your own wits and cunning. Can you
find your way back lo civilization? l6-32k.
CASSETTE 514.95

INTRACOLOR

COLORPEDE-lt's up lo you io deslroy the Coiorpede,
knock out the bouncing bug and eliminate toad stools. Ex-
cellent version of ihe Centepede game.
C ASSETT E . . . .529, 95 DISK . , . . 534 .95

MARK DATA

H A ¥ WIRE- An exciting combination of angry Robots and
the indcslructable Menace wit! provide hours of challenge.
The classic Bcierk type game. 16k.
CASSETTE 524.95

C'AM\TO IS LAND- A challenging sometimes humerous ex-
cursion to find stolen treasure.
CASSETTE S19.95

THE BLACK SANCTLIM-You are pitted against the forces
of Black Magic in this spooky adventure. 16k.
CASSETTE $13.95

CAVE HUNTER-Maneuver your way through a spooky

cave to retrieve the treasures at the bottom. 16k and joystick

required.

CASSETTE $24,95

ASTRO BLAST-Hcre's the space shoot'em up you've been

asking for. 16k-

CASSETTE 524.95

SPACE RA1DER5-A sensational rendition of the arcade

classic Invaders. Selectable skill levels, 16k.

CASSETTE ,.,*...... $24.95

HOWTO ORDER BY MAIL: Forpiompt and courteous
Shipment SEND MONEY ORDER. CERTIFIED CHECK.
CASH1EHSCHECK. MASTERCARD/ VISA (include card
number, inter- bank iSo , expiratirijn date and signature/
PERSONAL AND BUSINESS CHECKS MOST CLEAR
OUR BANK BEFORE PROCESSING Shipping and pack-
aging charge of $2.50 minimum must be added to all
orders in continental US (Canadian orders $5.00 mini-
mum]. Michigan residents include 4% sales tax, \Q%
deposit required on C.O.D orders.

16K
ECB

GAME

■

the

RAINBOW

^°

By Norman Matice

'5^ iriG

^^y one Fishing is a. high resolution game for a J6K ECB
m Color Computer. The object of the game is to catch
^J as many fish as you can before it's time to go home
for dinner. You control the line with the right joystick. Push
it forward to let more line out and pull it back to reel in your
line. Unfortunately, someone forgot the bait, so you will
have to hook the fish as they swim by.

If a fish should swim across your line it will seem to
disappear, because of the turbulence. Actually, redrawing
the line would slow play down to an unacceptable level. If
your machine can use the high speed poke (POKE '65495,0)
then play is greatly enhanced.

Lines 1-80 of the program do a general set up of the
computer. They dimension arrays, initialize variables, and
select resolution, graphic screen and color set. Lines 90-190
draw the title. Lines 200-450 draw the hook, person in the
boat, the boat, the pole and the fish. Lines 480 and 490 put
the boat on the water. Line 500 randomly selects the end
value for the outer loop of a nested FOR/ NEXTloop, Line
510 then limits your time fishing to the number of passes by
the fish as set up in Line 500. To increase the length of the
game, add a larger number to IN in Line 500. Lines 520 and
530 randomly pick the depth at which the fish will cross and
make sure they stay on their part of the screen.

The game starts at Line 540 where the inner FORI NEXT
loop directs the motion of the fish. Lines 550-570 control the
fishline and Lines 580 and 590 check the end of the hook.
Lines 600-620 draw the hook and line on the screen. Lines
630-670 draw the fish and move them across the screen.
Lines 690-770 go to the text screen, print the score and ask if
you would like to try again. From here the program either
repeats or ends depending on the player's choice.

The only thing left is the subroutine called in Line 590, if

(Norman Malice is a junior as the University of
A labama—Huntsville, majoring in electrical engineer-
ing-)

you have hooked a fish. Lines 1000 and 1010 take the other
fish off the screen. Line 1020 puts the fish you caught on
your hook. Line 1030 provides a cranking noise for your
reel. The rest of the program is relatively quiet, because
fishing is a quiet sport. Lines 1040-1070 control the reeling in
of your catch. Lines 1090 and 1 100 automatically take the
fish off your hook for you. Line 1110 keeps track of how
many fish you have caught and of course Line 1 120 takes
you back to the main program.

Now, wet your line and have fun, but remember — don't
stand up in the boat!

•w

200 . . .

. . 020D

580. ..

.. 059F

The listing:

END .

. . 0867

' "GONE FISHING"

' by NORMAN MATICE

3 :

APRIL, 1983

OIMA<SO) ,B(SO> ,C<50) ,G(100)

<10> ,N<50) ,S<50>

T=0

K=»40

PCLS

PMOOE 3, 1

SCREEN 1,0

COLOR 2,3

PCLS

DRAW " BM40 , 60 J U8R8BD4L4BR4D4LS

100 DRAW"BM55,60;UBR8DSL8"

110 DRAW"BM70,60iU8F8U8BG8"

1 20 DRAW " BMB5 , 60; U8R8BD4LSBR8BD4

LS"

1 30 DRAW " BM 1 i 5 , 60 ; USRBBD4BL4L4BD
4 "

158

the RAINBOW January 1984

FLOWCHART

START
I

Dimension arrays
Set graphic screen
Initialize variables

Draw Title

Draw Man & Boat

Draw Fish

Get Graphic

Characters

Set up screen
Position boat

Set timing loop
Fori to (5 to 15)

Control Fishline
With

Right Joystick
Animate Fish

Reel in fish
Increment score

-<f Fish caught? J>

1 40 DRAW " BM 1 30 , 60 ; BUBR8BL4D8BR4L

1 50 DRAW " BM 1 45 , 60 ; BU4U4R8BD4L8BR

BD4L8"

160 DRAWBM160, 60? U8BR8D8BU4L8BD

1 70 DRAW " BM 1 75 , 60 ; BU8RSBL4DBBR4L

ISO DRAW"BM190,60;USF8U8BG8"

1 90 DRAW M BM205 , 60 5 U8R8BD4L4BR4D4

LB"

200 CIRCLE<128,9£),B

210 CIRCLEU30, 130) , 5, , 1. 75, 0, .5

220 BET (125, 129) -(135, 135), M, 6

230 PSET (126, 94, 2) : PSET ( 130, 94, 2

)

240 LINE < 126, 97>-( 130, 97), PSET

250 LINE (124, 86) -< 132, BS) , PSET, B

260 LINE (120, 89) -(136, 89), PSET

270 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 1 04 ! NB5ND5F5 "

280 CIRCLE (128, 109) ,35,, .35,0, .5

290 LI NE ( 93, 109) -(163, 109) , PSET

300 PAINT(128, 111) ,4,2

310 DRAW"BM125, 1095H25D35"

320 GET (93, 86) -(163, 120), B,G

330 GET(0,0)-(34,10) ,C,S

340 CIRCLE (163, 130) , 10, , .5

350 DRAWBM169, 135* E10D1OH1O"

360 PSET(160,130,2)

370 GET ( 154, 125) -(IBS, 135) , A, B

3BO CIRCLE (93, 130) , 10, , .5

390 DRAW M BMS8,135;H10D10E10"

400 PBET (97, 130,2)

410 GET(72,125)-(106, 135) ,B,G

420 CIRCLE ( 128, 150) , 8

430 DRAW " BM 1 28 , 1 56 ; N66F6L 12"

440 PSET (128, 148,2)

January 1984 the RAINBOW

159

COCOSLOTS

Works like Vegas-insert coins, builds odds, wheels flash
and you win or lose! A delightful game for all ages!
Joysticks not used. Only $12pp

REVERSI

"OTHELLO" type game with 3 displays. Score and
difficulty gage shows on the screen. Works with B&Wor
color TV. Play against the computer or a friend.
Computer play is fast! Joysticks optional. Only $12pp

DUAL CASSETTE COPY SYSTEM

EMERALD SYSTEMS and PROGRAM PRODUCTS
team up to produce the ultimate cassette copy system.
Copies tapes without the frustration of changing cassettes
after each program by using two tape recorders. Copy
single file or all files. Start the copy with a specific file
name. Make 1 -9 copies of each program. Automatically
adjusts to your CPU memory. Displays the remaining
memory. Displays cassette directory with addresses.
Includes machine language program on cassette, motor
control adapter cable, and instructions.
INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL ONLY $42pp

DISPLAY NOISE ELIMINATOR

Easy to install. Does not violate COCO waranty. $14pp

SCRUNCH

Removes spaces from basic programs. Saves memory
and improves speed. Only 2.50 or FREE with any order.

All programs written in machine language. Only 16K
required. Extended basic NOT required.

FREE CATALOG with order or send self addressed
stamped envelope.

Send check or money-order to:

COCOPRO

P.O. BOX 37022

ST. LOUIS, MO 63141

Postage paid on all pre-paid orders in U.S.
Missouri residents add 5.625 percent sales tax,

DEALER INQUIRES INVITED

450 GET (120, 142) -(136, 168), N,G

460 PLAY " 03L86AL4GL2EG04L4CL2EL4

DCCL2DC03L4AL2G "

470 PCLS

480 LINE (0,40)- (255, 40), PSET

490 PUT (140, 5)- (210, 40), G, PSET

500 0=RND ( 1 O ) : I N=D+5

510 FOR V=l TO IN

520 D=RND < 1 20) : E=RND ( 1 20 )

530 Y=D+60:W=E+60

540 FOR 1=5 TO 255 STEP 5

550 H=JOYSTK (0) : J«J0Y5TK < 1 )

560 IF J<26 THEN K=K+1 : IF K>188

THEN K=188
570 IF J>38 THEN K=K-1 : IFK<40 T

K=40

P=PP0INT(140,K)

IF P=2 THEN G05UB 1000

PSET* 149, K, 2)

PUT ( 140, K+l ) - < 150, K+6) , M, PSE

HEN

580

590

600

610

620

630

640

650

PRESET* 146, K+7)

X=I

Z=255-X

IF X<220 THEN PUT (X, Y) - (X+34
, Y+10), B, PSET ELSE X=220 : PUT(X
, Y)-< X+34, Y+IO),C, PSET
660 IF Z>35 THEN PUT (Z-34, W-10) -
(Z,W),A,PSET ELSE Z=35 : PUT(Z-3
4,W-10)-(Z,W),C,PSET
670 NEXT I
680 NEXT V
690 SCREEN 0, 1
700 CLS

"TIME IS UP.'"
"YOU CAUGHT ";TJ "

YOU LIKE TO

710 PRINTS172,

720 PRINTG231,

FISH!"

730 PRINT@323, "WOULD
TRY AGAIN?"

740 A*=INKEY*

750 IF A*="Y" THEN RUN

760 IF A*="" THEN 740

770 CLS: END

lOOO PUT (X,Y) -(X+34, Y+10) ,C, PSET
PUT (Z-34, W-10) -(Z,W>,C, PSET
PUT(141,K)-(157,K+24) ,N,PSE

1010

1020

1030

1040

1050

PLAY " 05T 1 50L4 ADP4 "
H=JOYSTK (O) ! J=JOYSTK ( 1 )

IF J<26
8 THEN K=1S8
106O IF J>38

THEN K=40
1070 IF K=42

THEN K=K+l: IF K>18

THEN K=K-l: IF K<40

1080
1090
1100

1120

THEN 1O90
GOTO 1020

GET(0,0)-(16,26),S,G
PUTU41,41)-(157,67),S,PSET
T=T+1
RETURN

yjRiv

160

the RAINBOW January 1964

TURN
THIS PAGE

FOR
SPECTRUM PROJECTS

EXCITING

NEW
CATALOG

TE3 rr tt n

BEEN HEARING ALL those adver-
tisements on the radio and TV for the
CoCo2? Well, it is part of what we hear
is the biggest advertising blitz that Radio
Shack has ever launched for a single
computer. And no wonder! After all,
CoCo deserves it and there is little ques-
tion that it is the leader in its field. What
all this means is that there will be a
whole bunch of new Color Computer
owners by the time you read this. . .and
even more of them on the way. Frankly,
that is a big vote of confidence from
Tandy Towers on our favorite com-
puter — and its future.
* * *

WHAT'S THE EFFECT of the de-
mise of Texas Instruments and Atari in
the personal computer market? We hear
that TI will be doing what it can to
dump its inventory at unheard-of prices.
A good buy? We don't think so; after all,
who wants a computer that will have
almost no support a month from now.
The only effect it can have on the CoCo
market is a good one: It proves what we
have been saying in these pages for some
time — that when the shakeout does
come, our Own CoCo will still be riding
high. Well, the shakeout is here now and
it looks like CoCo, newly streamlined
and all, is sitting high, wide and hand-
some. The proof of the pudding is, per-
haps, in the bottom line: While Atari
and Tl posted huge losses in their latest
financial reports, Tandy closed off the
year with a 24 percent increase in profits.
You can bet a healthy percentage of that
was in the computer field and an even
higher percentage of the computer pro-
fits came from CoCo. Our hats off to the
people who are responsible for this at
Radio Shack. It's certainly an excellent
indication of a good job well done.

NOW WE FIND that you can receive
Slow-Scan Television pictures by way
of your CoCo with a new 16K machine
language program authored by amateur-
radio operator Dick Kenny. Slo-Scan
was developed for the Ham/ CoCo buff
who isn't quite ready to invest a lot of
money in a dedicated SSTV system.

Anybody interested can probably find
out more on the subject by reading A5
ATV Magazine; it's published by QCD
Publications, Inc. in Lowden, Iowa.

PICTURE YOUR CRT. Really. Pho-
tographically recording data from your
monitor for reference or presentations
has finally become a simple, exact proce-
dure with the development of the DATA-
CAM™ 1 and DATACAM™ 35, two
color graphic recording cameras from
Photographic Sciences Corp. The com-
pany says all you have to do is place a
DATACAM on any CRT monitor and
press a button — no f-stop settings or
shutter speeds to fiddle with. Now, we
could handle that! You can use conven-
tional film, but with a special film and
an AutoProcessor, both available from
Photographic Sciences, you can create
mounted slides in minutes, working
right at your desk. Both cameras come
in sizes to fit almost every available
monitor. You can write to them at P.O.
Box 338, Webster, NY 14580 for further

information.

* * *

AND SPEAKING of photography, shut-
tcrbugs now have a friend in the soft-
ware business since PBK & Associates
has released its new BWDEV Black/
White Developer. BWDEV is a I6K
Non-Extended program that will calcu-
late the variables of the development
process and time each step of the way
with audible tones. It seems like a good
deal for $19.95.

Why not write the company for more
info at 5603 Linwood Court, Seabrook,
MD (20706) and see what develops?

Ugh, Negative humor.

AN ALARMING SITUATION is what
SGM Corporation wants to prepare
you for with a new security system the
company is marketing. The SGM sys-
tem is a plug-together, hard-wired alarm
system which will provide electronic
security for your CoCo, computer peri-
pherals, and even your stereo, TV or
other valuable piece of personal equip-
ment that might have a tendency to
walk off when you're not watching.
Fooling around with the security system
sets off a local alarm; you can connect
the system to other alarms, as well.
SGM is at 6 West Main Street in Bound
Brook, New Jersey. The systems can
cost less than $50, or if you wish to
secure a lot of valuable hardware you
could spend several hundred dollars.

KEYBOARD IN A NOTEBOOK? Yes,
but don't try to "enter" anything you've
keyed with this one. You won't even get
an I/O Error. Computer Practice Key-
board Co. of Union City, NJ, has
brought out a line oP'keyboards" printed
on heavy, plastic laminated sheets, fol-
lowing the layouts of the keyboards of
the most popular personal computers,
including TRS-80s. The %Vi x 1 1 sheets
are three-hole punched to fit in a stand-
ard binder and could be handy for prac-
ticing finger positions on a new key-
board while away from the cornpr*^;,
or for studying the keyboard of "a'
puter you may be thinking about
ing. They're $3.95 (or two for $4
plus $1 for postage. The compi
address is 616 9th Street in Uniov

AN ENHANCED VERSION of Der-
ringer Software's popular Pro-Color-
File is now on the market, the result of
many comments and suggestions they
received from users of the original ver-
sions. This new database development
package can define up to 60 data fields
to be stored within each record. It also
contains 28 math equations for making
easy calculations as records are entered.
There are additional report and label
generating formats and record indexing
capabilities. It even has a menu that can
be tailored loan established database so
that those not involved in setting up the
program can use it. We're looking for a
version that will eliminate the Federal
deficit and organize our checkbook for
a permanent positive balance.

ONE OF THE BEST innovations we've
seen in an Adventure game is what
Mark Data Products has done with a
number of its former "word" Adven-
tures, Black Sanctum and Calixto
/stand, plus a new one called Shenani-
gans. These now combine the best gra-
phics we Ve seen in an Adventure — real move-
ment and actual scenes as to where you
"are" that are a first in the CoCo (or
any) marketplace. Best of all, they run
from memory — so the cassette version
is just as good as the one on disk. Our
hat's off to Mark Data for these.

THE FIRST VERSION OF BASIC

available for CoCo OS-9 systems has
been released from Computerware. The
utility is called Random Basic and is
very much like the BASIC that Compu-
terware made available for FLEX sys-
tems under the same name. ^

162

the RAINBOW January 1984

TUTORIAL

What Are Those
Device Numbers For?

Donald D. Dollberg

Model I, III, 4 users often comment about the loss of
the LP RINT command (allows a BASIC program
to send data to the printer) from CoCo's vocabu-
lary. As you know, this function is performed by the com-
mand PRINT §-2, This modification by Microsoft adds
additional versatility to our friendly computer which is not
possible with the Models 1, 111, and 4, sad to say, the Micro
Color Computer, MC-IO. Now you're probably saying so
what — a few extra characters to type. Let's examine what
we mean by device numbers and 1 believe you will see the
advantage.

Device numbers allow the user to write a program inde-
pendent of the source of input or output. For example,
suppose you have a program which you want to accept input
from either tape, disk or the keyboard and want to give the
user the option to choose the device he wants. That's where
device numbers come in handy. Before we get much further
along, the following table lists CoCo's device numbers:

DEVICE

USE

-2

PRINTER

-1

TAPE I/O

KEYBOARD/SCREEN

+1 TO 15

DISK I/O

Using these device numbers, we can control the source for
IN PUT or LINE INPUT statements and the destination of
PRINT and WRITE (disk) statements. For example:

PRINT #0, "COLOR COMPUTER"
PRINT #-2, "COLOR COMPUTER"

The first statement prints to the screen while the second
prints to the printer. Now we alt know that no one uses
device number as shown above, since the simple PRINT
statement will produce the desired result. This is because the
default device number for I/O is 0.

(Don Dollberg. a commissioned officer with the U.S. Public
Health Service, holds a PhD in inorganic chemistry, lie has
been involved with computers since the early 70s. With
Richard White, he is co-author of the TIMS database man-
agement program.)

Now for the "magic." Did you know that the device
number can be replaced with a variable! In so doing, the two
PRIN T statements above can be combined in one state-
ment:

PRINT #D. "COLOR COMPUTER"

D can be set to -2 when printing to the printer or set to
when printing to the screen. On the Model 1/ 111/4 machines
you would have to use the following code in place of the
simple statement above, for example:

IF D=0 THEN PRINT "COLOR COMPUTER" ELSE

IK D=-2THEN LPR1NT "COLOR COMPUTER"

The use of the variable D can be expanded to include tape
and disk. As an example, suppose we have a database man-
agement program (DBM) which like any good DBM has the

"[With] an appreciation of device
numbers and their usage, you
can very easily modify your favor-
ite program . . ."

capability to print reports in a variety of user selected for-
mats. However, no matter how good the DBM, there is
always a report format that we would like which the DBM
doesn't have. In this case we would like to incorporate the
DBM output, say a table of data, into a previously prepared
manuscript using our trusty word processor. -By simply
changing the device number, the output to the prihtercan be
sent to tape ordisk where it is stored asan ASCII filc(dala)
and can be read by almost all word processors. The follow-
ing code shows how simply and effectively this can be

January 1984 the RAINBOW 163

accomplished.

': PR1NT"<1>
PRINT "<3>

10 CLS: PRINT "SEND REPORT TO

PRINTER": PRINT "<2>DISK":

TAPE"
20 Z$=INKEY$: IF Z$="" THEN 20 ELSE Z=VAL

(Z$)
25 INPUT "ENTER FILE NAME";F$
30 ON Z GOTO 40, 50, 60
40 D=-2: GOTO 70
50 D=+l: GOTO 70
60 D=-I

70 OPEN"0", #D, F$
80 PRINTED,—

200 CLOSE HD

Let's look at this code in detail. Line 10 is obviously a very
crude menu for selecting the output device. Line 20 is the
usual INKEY routine to obtain a character from the key-
board and convert that character to an integer. A good
program would add code to check that only keys 1-3 are
accepted. Line 25 simply requests the file name. Depending
on which key was pressed, Line 30 selects the appropriate
device definition (Lines 40-60). This leads to Line 70 where
we open the file with name FS and device D. Although the
OPEN statement is not needed when printing to the screen
or printer, it is, of course, needed for tape and disk file 1/0
and causes no error when using screen or printer.

After opening the file, the program can now continue with

its printing task independent of device as long as each
PRINTstalement uses the variable D for device number. If
you use the simple PRINT with out a device number, the data
will be printed to the screen. For input, one can do the same
thing with INPUT or LINEINPUT statements in place of
PRINT.

While all of this sounds' great, Murphy's laws do occa-
sionally strike computers. Disk users arc aware of the addi-
tional output command WRITE, which functions differ-
ently from PRINT. W RITE accepts all device numbers that
PRINT does and can be used in place of PRINT. However,
WRITE&nd PRINT are not completely interchangeable so
it is wise to understand the two before deciding which to use.

Now that you have an appreciation of device numbers and
their usage, you can very easily modify your favorite pro-
gram so that you can examine a report on the screen before
printing or save a report to tape or disk instead of printing.
On input you can easily have data input from keyboard or
from tape/ disk. All of this can be done by simply changing
the value of a variable. Unfortunately, most programs don't
incorporate a variable for device specification. With a good
search program you can examine a program and replace all
ZW/VTstatements with PRINTED and add code similar to
that given above to select D.

Software authors lake note. You can add much more
capability to your program (and make life easier for the
user) by simply adding a variable for the device number and
give the user the option of controlling the source and desti-
nation of data.

UPLOAD * 16,95

This is the UPLOAD side of DLOAD and
DLOADM in Extended Color Basic, Send a
basic or machine program to another ECB
Color Computer* Programs can be passed
directly or by phone if both computers are
hooked to modems .(not supplied) . Uploaded
program arrives at the receiving end ready to
save, run, or execute. Patch to correct the
flaw in DLOADM is supplied in public domain,

INDEXES $14.95

Program produces a sorted list of variables
and line numbers used in your basic program.
Following each variable or line number will
be a listing of the numbers of the basic lines
which contain the variable or line number.
RUNning the basic program is not required.
Bonus! Global search of basic program for a
variable) a text string, or a basic keyword*

Fast machine language

16K/32K EXTENDED BASIC, Tape or RS Disk

Add *2.00 for shipping and handling

/}^S^\ ML-t/S'R SOFTWARE
i 15 RISING SUM, DeptR
FORT MITCHELL, KY 41017

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SfiU.

RAINBOW

CEflTIFICAIlQtJ
SEAL

PAY WHAT YOU WAMT

for home ond business software
PvSCoCoondTDP-100

16/32K Disk or Cassette
Extended Color Basic Required

BUDGET RECORD

Income & outlay by 99 categories. Great tor taxes. 32h.

MAILING LIST

Mohes labels, printouts and alphabetized lists. M/L son.

APPOINTMENT BOOK

Print o calendar with any number of memos/day. C02h. Requites
printer with compressed characters)

GRADE BOOK

Make rolls & grade sheets, complete with stats and totals.

ALSO AVAILABLE

Phone Dook, Sales Record. Car Repairs, Diet Delight, Grocery List.

The Fine Print!

Order two programs maximum. Send shipping /handling In advance

(1— $4-00; 2— $6.00). After using the program, pay only what the program

is worth to you. Let's try applying right livelihood to the softwore industry)

Specify 16/02K and type of printer.

Bruck Associates

6609 Westmoreland Ave.

Takoma Park, MD 20912

(301) 270-5822

Free catalogue on request

164

IheRAINBOW January 1984

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Phone orders may be placed 24 hours

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Mail orders and requests for

information should be sent to

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BLACKJACKPRO is a trademark oi

SKILLWARE CORPORATION,

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□ IBM PC □ APPLE II D TRS-80 Co. Co. Diskette TRS-80 Co. Co. Cassettes

Total amount enclosed S

Name

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City

State

, Zip

Account §

Signature

Exp. Date

C.O.D. orders
gladly accepted
($2.00 additional).
Please allow two
weeks for
personal checks to
clear. N.Y. State
residents please
add sales tax.

SKILLWARE CORPORATION

CoCo COUNSEL

The Right To Know:

It's Also An Obligation

By Tom Nelson

Rainbow Contributing Editor

Out in the regular world we're all pretty secure with
our purchases. We go into a supermarket, discount
house or whatever and buy a product we can feci and
see to be good. We also have some notion of what went into
the product and some idea of the market for the product.
This makes us feel secure that we are buying a quality
product for a reasonable price.

Buying computer software and hardware is just not the
same. Consumers are adrift without much help or guidance.
It is hard to know if the software or hardware is exactly what
we want, even if we have it in our hands, much less when it is
in a package. The average consumer does not know what it
took to make the product or how many units will be sold.
Thus, there is no way to know if the product is priced right or
fairly, This ignorance is frustrating and can lead to poor
decisions and resentment.

Add to this several other factors and there can be a lot of
misunderstanding and dissatisfaction. First, many of us buy
through mail order, thus stopping us from seeing the pro-
duct in advance. Furthermore, software, at least, can be
volatile when on disk or tape, leading to insecurity about the
product. Also, our expectations from other mature indus-
tries are applied to the immature computer industry. When
these expectations are inevitably not met, frustration ensues.

Being a consumer in the Color Computer market is tough!
In this article 1 hope to explain the Color Computer market
and some industry practices and their reasons so that you
the consumer will better be able to assess potential pur-
chases.

The cost of any product is directly related to how many
units will be sold and how long it takes to develop the
product. Obviously, if only one unit of a product will be sold
and it takes two years to develop it, the product will be very

(Tom Nelson was formerly a special assistant attorney
general for the State of Minnesota. He currently is
general counsel for Softlaw Corporation, makers of
the VIP Library'"', and of ColorQuest™ games.)

expensive. So let's look at the market and development costs
for products for the Color Computer.

For our example let's talk about marketing a board which
turns the Color Computer into a Cray supercomputer. Due
to a giant breakthrough a company has discovered that this
board can be made in two years if two people work on it full
time. So what is the market for this board?

Well, first, how many Color Computers are there? Who
knows? Let's say, just for argument, that there are 300,000,
Okay, wow! There are potentially 300,000 people who will
buy the card! But wait — how many people really want or can
use the card? Well, the card requires 64K and Extended
basic. That cuts out at least 50 percent of all Color Compu-
ter owners. The card also requires a disk drive. There goes
another 40 percent. Now we're down to at most 90,000
people who might buy the card.

So now we have to reach those 90,000. How do we do
that? In the Color Computer market, primarily through
magazine advertisements, and less so with dealers. Remem-
ber that the manufacturer cannot just go to a Radio Shack
store and sell his product. Back to that 300,000 figure for
owners of Color Computers? Well, really, only about at
most one-third, or 100,000 can be reached through maga-
zines and dealers. This is according to the magazines' own
claims that they have up to 100,000 circulation. Thus, of
those 90,000 we have left who have the right size machine,
only about 40 percent or so can be reached at all. Now we're
down to a market size of 36,000 folks who you are able to
interest at all. Of those, 50 percent don't want a Cray card.
Instead they want a Control Data card. Now you have
18,000 potential customers.

The whittling will continue until the company can expect
sales of about 4,000 units over the product's lifetime. So
what do they charge, if they decide to market the Cray card
at all? Well, development takes two years for two persons,
sales, the development cost goes to S20 per unit. In addition,
full time. There's $80,000. Divided by the 4,000 expected

166

Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

each unit will cost $50 lo manufacture, another $10 to
package, another $5 to distribute, $8 to process the order, $4
to advertise, and so on. Now we have a Cray card costing
about $60 to produce plus $40 to develop, for a total of $ 100
per card.

In order to continue to develop more products of equal
high quality, the manufacturer needs to make a profit. The
profit has to come after the sale, and don't forget that the
distributor wants a 60 percent discount. So what price is
charged? Well, the $100 plus the profit may only be 40
percent of the final price. Assuming a profit of 20 percent,
giving a distributor cost of $120, the final price must be $300
retail.

Oops, I forgot one thing. Once this board gets out there
the manufacturer is going to have to give support. Even with
the best of operation manuals there are going to be some
questions and problems. And what of the returns and
exchanges because of the bugs? A conservative cost for these
would be $40 per unit to the manufacturer. Add another
$100 to the retail priee;$400. Of course, the manufaeturer
could refuse to give support and charge a lower price, but
manufacturers have learned that the consumer will demand
$40 of support even if they only paid $40 for the product.
Thus, support may as well be given, and considered when
determining the cost of the product.

And what does the consumer get for that hard earned, top
dollar $400? A thin little board with a few chips thrown on,
and some weird wires, some photocopied sheets of paper
and a phone number. What a rip off! Right? Not according
to the facts.

Well therearen't many $400 products selling for the Color
Computer. Let's face it. If you only paid $400 for your
computer you are unlikely to spend another $400 for some-
thing as stupid as a board just to turn it into a Cray super-
computer. After all, you'd rather pay the $10 million for the
Cray in the first place.

Still, you are going to buy very few products with such a
price tag, In fact, I bet most of you would pay as much as
$100 only for truly exceptional products, with $30 to $60
products being your main purchases. What can you expect
for your money?

Have you ever wondered why Visicak; Multiplan, Word-
star, PFS File, dBase //and other well known products are
available for other popular micros but are not available for
the Color Computer? Have you ever wondered why the
utility programs that Radio Shack sells for the Color Com-
puter are relatively unsophisticated and inexpensive? The
reason is the same. The Color Computer market does not
justify the effort.

One thing those companies have learned is that people
want high quality, full-featured programs and total support
no matter what they pay. People invariably expect a $60
program for the Color Computer to perform as well as a
$400 program for the IBM PC, and they expect an equal
amount of support. All ealc programs have to outperform
Advanced Visicak or Multiplan, the word processors have
lo equal Wordstar, and database programs have to be at
least as good as dBase II. Those companies have decided
that sales of such programs at such low prices are insuffi-
cient in the Color Computer market to justify the extensive
development work and after-sale support necessary. This is
especially so when those companies look at other potential
markets. Thus, only a very few companies have sought lo
produce high quality software for the Color Computer.

Miraculously, despite such odds, many programs for the
Color Computer available for about £60 outperform their
more expensive counterparts for other computers. Just as
miraculously, the companies selling the products stay in
existence when the programmers and developers have to
work hours in addition to their full time jobs as janitors and
soda jerks. Anyone who thinks that software companies
developing for the Color Computer are getting filthy rich is
just not well informed.

So once a company has put extensive development time
into a product to give ultra high quality, has spend money on
packaging, distribution, promotion, etc., etc., what's left of
the $60 you are willing to pay — or the $25 to $30 that the
manufacturer gets from the distributor?

"Consumer rights are tied closely
with consumer responsibilities."

Oh, I've forgotten to mention some other costs. Originally
there is theoretically a large market for the product. But
since it is estimated that only 30 to40 percent of all software
in use has been legitimately obtained, that market has to be
decreased by 50 percent, assuming a 50 percent theft factor.
There go some more sales which will not help pay for the
development of the product.

Also, as the product develops, new versions may be pro-
duced. Introduction of new hardware may also cause a
substantial rewrite. These new versions and rewrites can be
very expensive. Nevertheless, the owner of a previous ver-
sion expects to obtain a sizable discount on the new version,
if not get it for free. There's another part of development
costs not covered fully.

And while we're here, don't forget that it costs $3 just to
answer a simple three minute WATS phone call, about $8
just to process even the smallest order and lots of dough just
to open the doors every day. That good old friend overhead
must also be considered an added cost for the product.

Well, where are we? We've just come home from a long
week at the office. Time to live it up. Honey, get me a drink
— no — let's go out tonight and have some fun. Dinner out,
to the movie, to a night club afterwards fora night cap, sixty
bucks gone for good, and well spent!

Now it's Saturday morning in Tront of the computer for
some hacking. Got to find thai right program to do exactly
what my mainframe at work does, but on my Color Compu-
ter. Never mind that the mainframe program costs at least
$10,000 and needs lots of support. The one for my Color
Computer has to do the same thing, last a lifetime, be fully
guaranteed to satisfy me, come with unending support and
cost only $60. Oh, don't forget a full, glossy, four-color user
friendly manual, and of course there can be no bugs at all! In
fact, I might even need the source code in case I want to
modify the program for my special needs. All this for sixty
bucks, the same sixty bucks that I frivolously spent last night
on food and drink.

Knowing the market is only one part of the problem, since
it mostly only affects how we view the cost of the products.
But what of how we view the products themselves and what
they will do?

January 1984 the RAINBOW 167

ROAR!

Do tricks with your computer without
breaking your wallet's spiritl A subscrip-
tion to Chromasette gets you a tape or
disk full of quality programs delivered by
First Class Mail every monthl Write far
more information or, better yet, try a Back
Issue. At $6,00 for 6 to 8 programs on
tape (SI 1.00 on disk), you'll see jus; how
good and inexpensive Chromasette
software is.

The Bottom Line: Tape Disk

! year (12 issues) $50.00 $95.00

6 months (6 issues) $30.00 S55.00

Single Issues S 6.00 $11.00

Call' residents add 6% to single issues. Frtt Class postage to
M AmrM. included. Overseas add SID ca sutsscripcmns and SI id
smgJe issues 5en[ AO ra-te. Air flack issues from July W8t avail-
aoie— ask for Its!. Programs are for ihi blended BftSC rraodel
and occasionally tor disks.

RO Box 1087 Santa Barbara, CA 93105
(805)963-1066

Consumers learn about products from
ads, word of mouth and magazine arti-
cles and reviews. The ads are self-
serving. The consumer must read them
carefully and be able to ask the right
questions. Word of mouth depends on
the credibility and knowledge of the
speaker. Then what of the objective
press? How many consumers are aware
that most of the reviewers for Color
Computer products only deign to use a
Color Computer when reviewing a pro-
duct, but own and use another compu-
ter for their own purposes? This is very
true, especially when dealing with the
more sophisticated software. Consum-
ers must question why they can trust the
opinion of someone who refuses to use
the Color Computer and its products
except for the slight period necessary to
make money reviewing a program.

But then what of those reviewers
devoted to the Color Computer who
have used nothing else? They are hardly
any better. They are often too inexpe-
rienced to adequately assess the quality
of a product. They have never used
another similar program on another
computer, and so have unrealistically
low expectations of the program being
reviewed. This leads to those glowing
reviews which, when relied upon, lead
to bad buying choices.

The best way to take care of this prob-
lem is to request that the credentials of
the reviewer be displayed. What compu-
ter do they use at home? How many
computers and similar programs have
they had experience with? The answers
to these questions will better help the
consumer decide if the reviewer has any
credibility.

This discussion points in one direc-
tion. Perspective, we've got to have
some perspective. Consumer rights are
tied closely with consumer responsibili-
ties. The consumer has the obligation to
at least have a marginal understanding
of the market to know what to expect,
and to make sure the information re-
ceived from the objective press be based
on experience mixed with a total under-
standing of the Color Computer.

I hope that this discussion has helped
give you a better grasp on the confusing
and fluctuating Color Computer mar-
ket. With some of these considerations
in mind you are ready to objectively
assess the value for your buck. Perhaps
the phrase "ripoff" will be reserved for
those truly rare occurrences, and the
remedies at your disposal will be used
for those instances where they really will
do some good.

STEAL

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See your dealer or:

Write or call us direct at RO. Box 21 101.

Santa Barbara CA 93121 (805) 966-1449

168 IheRAINBOW January 1984

Spell Out
Your Error Messages

By Richard Smrcina

One of the things that originally turned me off to
Radio Shack computers was the way they decided to
alert you of an error in your program. 1 admit that
two character codes are easier to program than full-blown
error messages, but we have to learn all those codes, and
some of the Disk BASIC error codes are not much of an
indication of the error at hand. The Atari computers (at least
the 400 and 800) use numeric error codes which are even
harder to understand.

Which brings me to the programs that I developed. They
are designed to provide the computer with full text error
messages. They also work from inside BASIC programs to
print error messages at a particular line number.

1 realize that all but beginners would have probably mem-
orized most of the codes by now, but I wrote the routine
anyway, to test my prowess at machine language.

There are two programs — one is for Extended BASIC users
and the other is for Disk Extended BASIC users. The differ-
ence is the expanded error message table and the steps that
are performed after an error has occurred.

The first thing to do before one uses the program is to
reserve enough memory for the routine. An easy way to
accomplish this is with a BASIC boot-strap program. All this
does is automatically clear memory, load the program, and
execute it. The one that 1 use looks like this.

10 CLEAR 779,3 1988

20 LOADM "ERRMSG.BIN"

30 EXEC

40 NEW

Save this program on disk and just RU N from BASIC and
you do not have to worry about remembering the addresses
every time you want to use the routine. For tape users, the
bootstrap would look like this:

10 CLEAR 519.&H7DF8

20 CLOADM
30 EXEC

40 NEW

ERRMSG'

All 16K users should note that the &H7 must be replaced
by a &H3, Make sure that the machine language program
follows the BASIC program on tape.

Here is a description of how the routine works. The
program first replaces the RAM hook for the error-handling
routine with the address of the new routine (Lines 30-60).
Then BASIC is given control. When an error is triggered,
instead of going to the ROM Error message routine, my
routine is encountered through the RAM hook. Lines 1 10-
180 are Basic's clean-up routines. This closes files, resets
devices, prints the familiar "?" before the error message, etc.
Lines 240-260 obtain the address for the error message table
and error message respectively. Line 270 jumps to a routine
to print out the message. Line 280 gets the address of "Error"
text, and again the print routine is called to print it out. Line
300 returns to Basic's error handler which at that point
checks if a program is currently running, if there is, it deter-
mines at which line it crashed and prints the "IN XXXXX"
message, where "XXXXX" is the line number in which the
basic program was terminated. Afterwards, the computer is
returned to command mode.

This outline follows the disk routine, but the cassette
routine is very similar, it just uses some different clean-up
routines.

1 hope this is helpful.

Listing 1:

7cn

00010 • m ERRM9S

Q0O2O l EKfiiM HES9ABE ROUTINE FDR DISK BASIC USCRS

!)0C30 » WtlTTEN BY RICH SMRCINA, AUBUST, 195;
00O4O ORi I7CF3

January 1984 (he RAINBOW 169

A002

0O050 PRTCHR

ESU

7CF3 30

BD MM

03060 START
00070 •

LEA1

7CF7 BF

01?!

00O9O

9T1

7CFA 39

00090

RT9

7CFB 35
7CFB ED
7K0 BD
7M3 34
7D05 BIi
7DC8 30
7COA8D
7MB BD
7B10 OF
7112 BB
71115 ID
TD19 35
7D1A 4F
7D1B 31

7D1F 30
7521 BB
7D24 30
71)23 SB
7MB It
712E A6
7B30 27
7932 AB
7536 20
7D38 3?

713?

7D4?

7D4B

TBI

7D52

7D64

7B4B

7D73

7D74

7D81

7DB2

7BBA

7MB

7D9B

7D99

7M7

7HB

7DB5

7DB4

71C?

7MB

TDD?

7DM

7DEB

7DE?

7DF4

7DF7

7E0A

7E0C

7E1B

7EIC

TE2E

7F.30

7E3E

7E3F

TE4C

TE4B

7E5?

7E5A

7147

TEW

7ET4

7E75

TES2

7EBJ

tA002

START 1,PCR LOAD AD0RE9S Of MEN ERROR

ROUTINE
80192 REPLACE IN RAH ERROR HOOK
BACK TO BASIC
00100 ( ENTRY POINT FOR ERROR ROUTINE
00110 • FROM HERE TO THE 'PRTRS9' LABEL IS THE SERIES OF
00120 » ROUTINES THAT BASIC USES PRIM TO PSINTINfi ERROR
00130 » NESSASES, I.E. CLOSE FILES, CLEAN UP, PRINT '?',..

AJ33

01 E5

CA3B

A7E9

A9T4

I95E

B9AF

BB 029E

7B2E
BB 0201
TD2E
2F3D

9F A002

00140 START 1

00150

00140

001TO

00180

O0I90

002M

00210

00220

00230

00240

00250

00240

00270 PRTKSS

002BO t

00290

00300

00310

00320

00330 CLEANU

00340 PRTRTN

00350

00340

O0370

003M ENDPRT

ODOO

OBOO

OMO

ODOO

PUIS

JSR

PSK3

JSR

LEAH

JSR

CLR

JSR

PULS

CLRA

LEAY

LEAI

JSR

LEAI

JSR

LBRA

LBA

BED

JSR

BRA

RTS

MAD33

»D1E3

>»CA3B
2,1

>tA7E9
>IA974
(I4F

XB95C
>IB9*F
B

RETB1EVE ERROR CODE

ERRADR,PCR LOAD ADDRESS OF ERROR

MESSAGE ADDRESS TABLE
tt'.Y] LOAD ADDRESS OF ERROR MESSAGE
PRTRTN PRINT NE5SASE AT ADR IN I
ERRTXT.PCR LOAD ADDRESS OF 'ERROR' TEIT
PRTRTN PRINT MESSAGE AT ADR IN I
1AC4B SACK IS BASICS ERROR HANDLER
,1+ BET CHAR,
ENDPRT IF END RETURN
tPRTCHRl PRINT IT
PRTRTN LOOP ABAIH

00390 t TABLE Of ERROR NESSASES

0O40O NF FCC /NEIT N1TH0UT FOR/

00410 FDB I0D0O

0042O 3N FCC /SYNTAI/

09430 FC8 100

00440 R6 FCC /RETURN WITHOUT G3SUB/

00450 FDB tODOO

00460 OD FCC /OUT QF DATA/

M470 FCB 100

004BO FC FCC /FUNCTION CALL/

00490 FCB 100

00500 OU FCC /QVERFLQN/

00510 FCB 400

00520 ON FCC /OUT OF NEHDRY/

OO530 FCB tOO

00544 UL FCC /UNDEFINED LINE/

04550 FCB tOO

40540 BS FCC /BAD SUBSCRIPT/

O0570 FCB tOO

045S0 BD FCC /REDIHENS10NED ARRAY/

00390 FDB tOBOO

00400 DO FCC /DIVIDE BY 2ER0/

40610 FCB (00

00620 ID FCC /IUEBAL DIRECT/

M630 FC1 100

00440 Id FCC /TYPE NltMTBV

00650 FCB t04

00440 BS FCC /OUT OF STRING SPACE/

00470 FDB tODOO

004SO LS FCC /STRING TOO LANS/

00490 FCB IO0

44740 ST FCC /STRING TOO COMPLEI/

M710 FDB ttm

00724 CN FCC /CAN'T CONTINUE/

M730 FCB tOO

O0T4O FB FCC /BAD FILE DATA/

04750 FCB MO

M7M AG FCC /ALREADY OPEN/

O0770 FCB 140

OO780 DN FCC /DEVICE NUNBER/

04790 FCB MO

B06M 10 FCC /INPUT -OUTPUT/

04B14 FCB t04

40B20 FN FCC /BAB FILE NODE/

00830 FCB 100

OOS40 NO FCC /FILE NOT OPEN/

7E90

00630

FCB

7E9!

00840 IE

FCC

/INPUT PAST END DF FILE/

7EA7

0140

MBTO

FDB

tOMO

TEA?

00880 DS

FCC

/DIRECT STATEMENT/

7EBS

0B44

MB90

FDB

t4D00

7EIB

009M UF

FCC

/UNDEFINED FUNCTION/

TECD

0091

FCB

7ECE

44924 NE

FCC

/FILE NDT FOUND/

7EBC

M934

FCB

too

7EBD

40944 BR

FCC

/BAD RECORD NUMBER.'

7EEE

ODOO

40950

FBB

tODOO

7EF0

00940 DF

FCC

/DISK SPACE FULL/

7EFF

00970

FCB

too

7FO0

009B4 OB

FCC

/OUT OF BUFFER SPACE/

TF13

ODOO

O0990

FBB

IOMO

7F13

01O44 HP

FCC

/MUTE PROTECT/

7F23

41020 FN

FCC

/BAD FILENAME/

7F2F

41030

FCB

7F30

01440 FS

FCC

/BAD FILE STRUCTURE/

7F4!

ODOO

01030

FDB

I0DOO

7F44

01O40 AE

FCC

/FILE ALREADY EHISTS/

7F57

ODOO

01070

FBB

(ODOO

7F59

OIOSO FO

FCC

/FIELD OVERFLOW/

7F47

01090

FCB

too

7F4B

01100 SE

FCC

/SET TO NGN-FIELDED STRING/

7F61

OBOO

01114

FBB

tODOO

7FB3

41124 W

FCC

/VERIFY/

7FB?

01130

FCB

too

7F8A

01140 ER

FCC

/WRITE OR INPUT PAST/

7F9D

01150

FCB

tOD

7F9E

01140

FCC

/ END OF RECORD/

7FAC

01174

FCB

too

01 ISO I TABLE OF ERROR NESSABE ADDRESSESS

7FAD

7D39

01190 ERRADR

FBB

7FAF

7D4B

01200

FDB

7FB1

7D32

01210

FBB

7FB3

7D4B

01220

FBB

7FB5

7DT4

01230

FBB

7FB7

7D82

01240

FDB

7FB9

7D8B

01250

FDB

7FBB

7D99

01240

FDB

7FBB

7DAB

01270

FBB

7FBF

7DB4

01260

FDB

7FC1

7DCB

01290

FDB

7FC3

7DDA

01300

FDB

7FC5

7DE?

01310

FDB

7FCJ

7DF7

01320

FDB

7FC9

7E0C

01330

FDB

7FCB

7EIC

01340

FDB

7FCD

7E30

O1350

FDB

7FCF

7E3F

01340

FDB

7FBI

7E4D

01370

FDB

7FD3

7E5A

0I3B0

FBB

7FD5

7E4B

01390

FDB

7FD7

7E75

01400

FBB

7FD9

7E83

01410

FBB

7fD6

7E91

01420

FDB

7FDB

7EA9

01430

FDB

7FDF

7EBB

01444

FBB

7FEI

7ECE

01430

FDB

7FE3

7EBD

41444

FDB

7FE5

7EF4

01474

FDB

7FE7

7F40

41480

FDB

7FE9

7F15

01490

FBB

7FEB

7F23

01500

FDB

7FED

JF30

01510

FDB

TFEF

7F44

01520

FDB

7FF1

7F5?

01530

FDB

7FF3

7F4B

01340

FDB

7FF!

7FB3

01350

FDB

7FF7

7F8A

01540

FDB

7FF9

20
45
52
52
4F
52

01570 ERRTIT

FCC

/ ERROR/

7FFF

01590

FCB

too

7CF3

01390

END

START

O4000 TOTAL ERRORE

170

the RAINBOW January 1984

DESERT SOFTWARE

Quality Products at Prices You Can Afford

PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE LIST D/S

Omni Clone $39.95 $33.95

This is a must program for anyone
with a disk system. It allows the
user to back up any disk protected
or not.

Prickly-Pear Mailing List* $49.95 $42.45

Maintain up to 1500 records on
disk. Full upper and lowercase on
your choice of green or white back-
ground. *Disk and 32K req.

Preread1,2&3 $24.95 $21.95

Designed to meet the needs of
parents having children just begin-
ning to read.

Music Box $24.95 $21.95

A 100% machine language prog ram
that will allow you to EASILY com-
pose your favorite song in FOUR
PART HARMONY.

PETROCCI FREELANCE

ASSOCIATES

Forcaster& Weather Watch $49.95 $42.95

This one's on disk and a real must
if you're into forcasting your own
weather. Can be used by Science
teachers to help teach students
how weather is forcast. 32K and
Disk req.

Heart-Lung & Circulatory Sys. $34.95 $29.95

Another one for the class room.
Teaches the student about various
parts of the body.

Pre-School Pack $24.95 $21.95

This is a set of four programs de-
signed to prepare the pre-schooler
for kindergarden. Each program is
sold separately at $9.95 each. They
include ABC's, 1 2 3, BIG BIGGER
BIGGEST, and SHAPES. Very well
thought out and in Pmode 3 with
colors.

KRT SOFTWARE LIST D/S

F-1 6 Fighter $1 9.95 $1 6.95

This is the best flight simulator
we've seen yet. It comes in either
a 16K or 32K version and takes
full advantage of Pmode 4 graphics.
If you're a pilot you won't want to
miss this one at a steal of a price.

ILLUME DESIGN

Stars $14.95 $12.95

See the night sky on yourTV. Stars,
Constellation, and Planets. Educa-
tional and entertaining.

Electronic Drafting Board $39.95 $33.95

Create complex designs, label com-
ponents, and print finished design.
64K and Disk req.

Geneology $29.95 $25.95

Perform geneological searches.
Catagories: Family and given names
date and place of birth, marriage
and death, father, mother, and
spouse references. Various print-
outs, etc. 32K and Disk req.

CLASSICAL COMPUTING, INC.
Speak Up!!

This is a Voice Synthesizer that
will knock you off your feet. Type
in a word and CoCo will say it. At
last a good way to generate speech
without investing an arm and a leg.

$29.95 $25.95

SKYLINE SOFTWARE

MDISK

This is the best program we've
found to access the Upper 32K
when you have 64K RAMS installed.

$27.95 $24.95

WE'RE DEALERS ALSO FOR THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES:

Mark Data, Tom Mix, B5 Software Co., VIP Software, Eigen Systems, Sugar Software, Soft Sector

Marketing DSL Software, Aardvark, Data Soft, Frank Hogg, and many more.

WRITE FOR OUR FREE CATALOG LISTING

All programs are 1 6K Extended except where noted,

all programs are on cassette for Disk orders please add $5.00 extra.

Terms: Cash. Money Order, or your personal checks welcome.
Please allow two weeks to Clear your check. Shipping S2.50 on
prepaid orders. ■ Please add S3 extra lor hardware.

Arizona residents please add 5% sales tax. All programs— 1 6K
es<t. except where noted We reserve Ihe right lo change prices
without notice.

Warranty: All hardware products are warranted tor a period of
180 days from date of purchase Software is warranted as per
its manufacturers warranty. We shall not be liable for loss or
damage, alleged o( caused indirectly or directly to hardware or
software including interruption of service, business loss, lossor
expected profits or any damage resulting from the use of
hardware or software.

DESERT SOFTWARE

4321 W. Jupiter • Tucson, Arizona 85741

(602) 744-1252

Listing 2:

7DF8

TDFS 30

7DFC BF
7SFF 39

7E00 ED
7E03 BD

7E06 BE

not OF

1101 SB
7E0E BD
7E1I 4F
7E12 31

7EI4 30
7E1B BD
7E1B 30
7EJF BD
7E22 16
7E25 (si
7E27 27
7E29 AD
7E2D 20
7E2F 3?

7E30
7E40
7E42

A002
8D 0004

0192

A7E9
A974
(1033
6F

B13C
89AF

OB OIAF

7E2!

SD OlDA

7E25

2E46

if tm
n

ODOO
53

00O10 » NAN ERRN5C

O0020 • ERROR HESSAGE ROUTINE FDR NON-DISK USERS

00030 t BY RICH SHRCINA, AUBU5T, 1983

O0O40 ORS t7DF8

00030 prtchr m »aoo2

00060 START LEAI START!, PER LOAD ADDRESS OF NEN ERROR
ROUTINE
STI 10192 REPLACE IN RAN ERROR HOOK
RTS BACK TO BASIC
ENTRY POINT FOR ERROR ROUTINE
FRON HERE 10 THE 'PRTfflB' LABEL IS THE SERIES OF
ROUTINES THAT BASIC USES PRIOR TO PRINTING ERROR
NESSABES, I.E, CLOSE FILES, CLEAN UP, PRINT ■?•,..

00070

OOOBO

00O9O

00)00

00110

00 120

00130

0O14O BTART1 JSR

001 50 JSR

00160 JSR

00170 CLS

00180 JSR

OOI90 05R

00200 CLRA

00210 PRTR5S LEAY

0022O »

00230 LEAK

00240 JSR

00250 LEAI

00260 JSR

00270 CLEANU LBRA

O0280 PRTRTN LDA

00290 BED

00300 JSR

OO310 BRA

0O32O ENDPRT RTS

00330 » TABLE DF ERROR NESSABES

00340 NF FCC /NEXT IITHOUT FOR/

00350 FOB I0D0O

00360 SN FCC /SYNTA1/

HA7E9
WIN

)IAD33
(MF

7IB95C
7IB9AF

ERRAOR,PCR LOAD ADDRESS OF ERROR

NESSABE ADDRESS TABLE
[B,Y] LOAD ADDRESS DF ERRDR MESSAGE
PRTRTN PRINT NESSABE AT AOR IN i

ERRTH.PCR LOAD ADDRESS Of 'ERROR' TEH
PRTRTN PRINT NESSAfiE AT ADR IN I
IAC6B BACK TO BASICS ERRDR HANDLER
,<♦ BET CHAR.
ENDPRT IF END RETURN
IPRTCHRJ PRINT IT
PRTRTN LOOP ABAIN

TOP TOO Computers

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Drive Complete (First One) $379.00

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TDP or Tandon Drives (Your Choice)

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ALL TANDY DATA PRODUCTS ARE WHITE
Over 100 Different CoCo Programs In Stock!

(901)323-1183
3422 Plaza

■MEMPHIS, TN

38111

172

the RAINBOW January 1984

7E4H

00370

FCB

too

7E49

00360 RS

FCC

/RETURN N1THDUT BOSUB/

7E3D

ODOO

00390

FSB

I0D00

7E5F

004O0 OD

FCC

/OUT OF DATA/

7EM

00410

FCB

100

7E6S

00420 FC

FCC

/FUNCTION CALL/

7E7B

O0430

FCB

100

7E79

00440 OV

FCC

/OVERFLOW

7Eil

00450

FCB

100

7182

00460 ON

FCC

/OUT OF HENDRY/

7EBF

00470

FCB

too

7E90

004BO UL

FCC

/UNDEFINED LINE/

7E!E

00490

FCB

100

7E9F

00500 B5

FCC

/BAD SUBSCRIPT/

7EAC

00510

FCB

too

7EAD

00520 DD

FCC

/REDIMEN510NED ARRAY/

7EC0

ODOO

O0530

FDB

tODOO

7EC2

00540 DO

FCC

/DIVIDE BY ZERO/

7EE0

O0530

FCB

too

7EDI

00560 ID

FCC

/ILLEGAL DIRECT/

7EDF

0O57O

FCB

too

7EE0

00380 TN

FCC

/TYPE HI SNATCH/

7EED

00590

FCB

100

7EEE

00600 OS

FCC

/OUT OF STRIN6 SPACE/

7F0I

OWO

00610

FDB

•ODOO

7F03

00620 LS

FCC

/STRING TOO LONG/

7F12

00630

FCB

too

7FI3

00640 ST

FCC

/STRING TOO CDNPLEI/

7F25

ODOO

OO430

FDB

tODOO

7F27

00660 CN

FCC

/CAN'T CONTINUE/

7F3!

OO670

FCB

too

7F36

00460 FD

FCC

/BAD FILE DATA/

7F43

00690

FCB

too

7F4t

00700 AO

FCC

/ALREADY OPEN/

7F5D

00710

FCB

too

7F51

00720 DN

FCC

/DEVICE NUKBER/

7F5E

00730

FCB

too

7F5F

00740 10

FCC

/INPUT -OUTPUT/

7F4C

00740 FN

FCC

/BAD FILE NODE/

7F79

00770

FCB

too

7F7A

007B0 NO

FCC

/FILE NOT OPEN/

7F87

00790

FCB

too

7FB8

00800 IE

FCC

/INPUT PAST END OF FILE/

7F9E

ODOO

00810

FBI

tODOO

7FA0

00820 DS

FCC

/DIRECT STATENENT/

7FB0

ODOO

OOB30

FDB

tODOO

7FB2

OOB40 UF

FCC

/UNDEFINED FUNCTION/

7FC4

00830

FCB

too

00860 ( TABLE OF ERRDR NESSABE A0DRESSE5S

7FC5

7E30

00870 ERRADR

FDB

7FC7

7E42

00080

FDB

7FC9

7E49

0OB9O

FDB

7FCB

7E5F

00900

FDB

7FCS

7E6S

00910

FOB

7FCF

7E79

0092O

FSB

7EB2

00930

FDB

7FD3

7E90

00940

FDB

7FD5

7E9F

00950

FDB

7FD7

7EAD

00960

FDB

7FD?

7EC2

00970

FBB

7FDB

7EDI

009BO

FDB

7FDD

7EEO

00990

FDB

7FDF

7EEE

01000

FDB

7FEI

7F03

01 CilO

FDB

7FE3

7F13

01020

FDB

7FE!

7F27

01030

FBI

7FE7

7F36

01O40

FDB

7FE9

7F44

01030

FDB

7FEB

7F31

01040

FDB

7FED

7F3F

01070

FDB

7FEF

7F6C

OIOBO

FSB

7FF1

7F7A

O109O

FSB

7FF3

7F8B

01100

FDB

7FF3

7FAO

onto

FDB

7FF7

7FB2

01120

FDB

7FF?

01130 ERRTU

FCC

/ ERROR/

7FFF

01140

FCB

too

7DFB

01150

END

START

00000 TOTAL fti'i. :!

rfj%>

GAME

16K
ECB

RAINBOW

B ES

NoTeads
On Me,

a3§

by Gary

Ritch

naker is a fast,
colorful, Lo-Res action
game for a 16Kor32K
Extended Color Computer.
It requires two joysticks for
controlling play. Although
written in BASIC, the pro-
gram has a lot of fast action
and is difficult to master.

The program is fairly sim-
ple and uses a lot of REMs
to make it easy to debug.
Also note that there is a high
speed poke (POKE 65495,0)
in this game, so if your com-
puter cannot use this poke,
then you must make the
change indicated in the last
REMs in the program.

Instructions: You area some-
what demented snake who
has slithered onto a 30-lane
freeway. The nearest exi t is miles
away, so you must slither
down the highway as quickly
as possible in order to escape.
But horrors, it is rush hour,
and there are hundreds of
buses and trucks bearing
down on you! (This snake
better have a lot of life in-
surance.)

At the beginning of the
game, your snake is a single
graphics block at the top of
the screen. Using the right
joystick to move back and
forth, and the left joystick to
control the speed (push for-
ward to go faster), try to
avoid the oncoming vehicles.
If you don't hit anything,
your snake will become long-
er and longer and will even-
tually reach the bottom of

the screen three times in or-
der to win. Every time you
crash, it will send you back
up one block, and since this
is a timed game, avoid those
cars! Good luck!

The

(Gary Ritchie, who is currently attending high school,
has been programming the Color Computer for about
a year. Upon finishing high school he plans to study
for a career in the computer field.)

isting:

O '-

i '

2 *•

3 *

4 '

5 '■
h '

7 '

8 '■

■n«k«r

BY QARY
MARCH

RITCHIE
1983

BOX 393 BELLEVUE ALBERTA
CANADA TOK-OCO

January 1964 the RAINBOW 173

COLOR TERM + PLUS +

If you're looking for the finest terminal software you can buy, look no further! And now we've added a high-
res screen display that gives you 32 by 16, 42, 51, or 64 by 24 lines.* And you can switch between the high-
res screen and the normal screen without destroying what you have in the buffer! + PLUS + we have a
buffer editor, complete up and down load support, on-line cassette or disk reads and writes, off-line and on-
line scrolling, pre-entry of data before calling, word wrap, buffer printing, selective printing, change any
parameter so you can communicate with any other computer. You can send and receive Basic programs,
ASCII file, as well as machine code, + PLUS + you can save your buffer to tape (Tape or Rom version) or
disk (Disk version). You can communicate with the local BBS, CompuServe™, The Source™, the main
frame at work or school, other color computers, Apples, IBM PC's, TRS-80 Model I, II, III, IV, 12, 16, 100, or
any other computer via RS-232. J&^k

RAINBOW

EtMfflCMKM

Compare these features with any other terminal program:

Scroll Protect Up to 9 Lines.
Automatic Capture of Incoming Files, Send One
Line At a Time From Your Buffer.

32 x 16, 42, 51, 64 x 24 Screen

Communications BAUD Rate: 110-19200

Printer Baud Rate: 600-9600

Select Half or Full Duplex.

Select Odd, Even, or No Parity

Select 7 or 8 Bit Words.

Send Control Characters.

Send a True Line Break,

Separate Keys for Escape and Rubout

Select All Caps If Needed,

Word Wrap — Eliminate Split Words.

(32 Character Mode)
Selectable Reverse or Normal Video.

(32 Character Mode)

*Disk and Rom Pack only (not on tape). PRICE: $29.95 (TAPE) $39.95 (ROM PACK) $39.95 (DISK)

Has Programmable Prompt for "Send Next Line!!
Buffer Size Indicator.
Complete Up and Down Load Support.
Improved Buffer Editor.
On/Off Line Scrolling of Buffer.
On/Off Cassette or Disk Reads and Writes.
Pre-Enter Data Before Going On-Line.
Save/Load Machine Code, Basic Programs or Files.
Select. Printer Line Feeds If Needed or Ignore All
Line Feeds in Buffer.

COLOR KEY COMMAND

COLOR KEY COMMAND is a BASIC programming aid that
will speed the entry of your programs. You can increase
your programming speed by as much as 50%. Instead of
having to type in all of the BASIC commands, you can
simply press a control key, and then press one other key
— the BASIC word is entered for you automatically! You
can also activate the automatic line numbering mode,
then every time you press enter a new line number is
entered for you. You can select the start line and the in-
crement. Ever wanted to copy lines you have already
entered? Now you can. Simply type in the line number
you want to copy, then type in the new line number. The
new line is immediately displayed and you are put in Ex-
tended Basic's EDIT Mode. Either edit, the line, or press
ENTER. (This command is not available to those with
non-extended Basic users.) How about, merging programs
together from tape? Those with Extended Basic do not
even have to worry about proper line numbering, COLOR
KEY COMMAND will RENUMBER each program as it is
loaded into memory! COLOR KEY COMMAND also has
four custom programmable keys! Each key is capable of
holding 64 characters each! How would you like one but-
ton entry of 64 characters? What else will COLOR KEY
COMMAND do? One button RUN, CLOAD, CLOADM,
LLIST, LIST, RENUM, MOTORON, MOTOROFF,
AUDIOON, AUDIOOFF, TRON, TRQFF. Those with disk
systems get one button BACKUP, DIR, FREE, and also
you can print your directory to the printer with the touch
of a button! You can turn off the program any time by
pressing the CCMD OFF button. How can we offer so
much for so little? We made templates that you can cut
out yourself. You do about an hours work or less and save

about $8.00. That is how much more we would have to
charge if we did the work. You save in the process! You
can also reprogram the prompt, no more "OK," and select
the cursor color you want.
16K or 32K Required PRICE: $18.95 (Tape)

DOUBLE DOS BASIC

364,000 BYTES!

That's right! Using your 64K Color Computer, and an 80
track drive, you too can have more than TWICE as much
storage on your disk drive system. DOUBLE DOS BASIC
allows you to use 35, 40 or 80 track (double or single sid-
ed) drives all on one system, all at the same time! Your
system could consist of a 35 track drive, a two drive
AMDEK system, and an 80 track drive, all working, and
hooked up to your system! (The AMDEK drives are 40
track drives.) ALL commands are supported in DOUBLE
DOS BASIC. The DOS is totally transparent to your
BASIC programs! If your system selection is 80 tracks, a
PRINT FREE command will return 158 granules! Com-
pare this to the 68 granules your system now returns! The
40 track drives would return 78 granules, 10 more than
the 35 track system. EVERY command in BASIC is sup-
ported by DOUBLE DOS BASIC. If you haven't already
upgraded to 64K, now is the time! Use your system to its
FULLEST! DOUBLE DOS BASIC also gives you RESET
PROTECTION, unlike most of the other 64K programs.
AND, used with our ROM MOVE program, you can also
get another 8000 bytes of BASIC addressable memory!
DOUBLE DOS BASIC - $24.95
DOUBLE DOS & ROM MOVE - S29.95

D®yfete Demsity S®lfllw@if@

skit-

■jkA,

DOUBLE MAILER

At lasl a powerful* easy to use, mailing list program for a reasonable
price. Up to 300 names can be held in memory for you to change or print
as you like. Plus, you can print out up to 1800 names without touching
the keyboard. The machine language sort routine will sort 200 names in as
little as 6 seconds! Supports single or double labels. Three and four line
labels can be intermixed at will, the print out will adjust accordingly. All
this and much more!
32K Required
PRICE: Tape $ 1 9.95 Disk 521.95

ROM MOVE

Are you tired of having only 32K of memory when you have a 04 K com-
puter? ROM MOVE Is just what you need! With ROM MOVE, you are given
another 8000 bytes of room for your BASIC or Machine Language pro-
grams! You can switch from BASIC to EXTENDED BASIC to DISK BASIC
easily.

Ask about our 48K version; 64K Required
PRICE: $12.95 (Tape) ROM SWITCH

Change from BASIC to EXTENDED BASIC, to DISK BASIC and back again
wilh ROM SWITCH! You can even press the RESET button, and with one
POKE, restore the system!
64K Required (Tape)

PRICE: S9.95 COLOR BIORHYTHM

Are you up or down today, yesterday, tomorrow or years from now? Find
out with COLOR BIORHYTHM! Plot, your biorhylhm to the screen with
high res color graphics, and use the printer to makea chart. 20 days can be
displayed each time.
1BK or 32K Extended Basic Required
PRICE: $14.95 (Tape)

UNDERGROUND
Tired of adventure games with limited descriptions of your surroundings?
UNDERGROUND describes your surroundings in great detail just like a
main frame computer adventure! How do you tame the guardian of Hell's
gate? What does the mysterious machine do? Where is the famous golden
apple? Find out in UNDERGROUND.
IKK Extended Basic Required
PRICE: $26,95 (Disk Only)

GALATIC MATH

GALACTIC MATH is not like any other math tutor program on the market
for the Color Computer! This program has been written as an arcade
game! The player becomes involved in playing the game and forgets that
he/she is supposed to be learning! The student must enter the answer to a
math question that is shown in the body of a flying saucer moving down
from the top of the screen. There are four saucers moving down from the
top toward the player. The player must maneuver his base under the
saucer, enter the answer to the problem, press the spacebar to fire the
laser. A new saucer with a new problem replaces the one just blasted. The
score, time in play, number of hits, number of misses, and number of
bases left to the player are displayed at the top of the screen. All of this is
in high resolution graphics using the new 4 color mode on a black screen!
There are four levels of difficulty, and you may select either addition or
multiplication. Don't bore your kids with smiling clowns or happy faces!
They want to play arcade games — let them play GALACTIC MATH and
learn at the same time!
16K or-32K Extended Basic Required
PRICE: $15.95 (Tape)

GOT A MODEM AND ALL THAT IT SEEMS TO DO IS GATHER DUST?
FIND A FRIEND AND PI-AY SOME GAMES OVER THE PHONE! EACH
ORDER HAS TWO SETS OF INSTRUCTIONS, AND TWO TAPES. SHARE
THE COST WITH A FRIEND! THREE GAMES TO CHOOSE FROM AND
MORE ON THE WAY SOON.

DOUBLE CABLE

Tired of switching cables everytime you use your modem and printer?
This is the fix!! Hook your modem and printer up at the same time! No
more switching.
PRICE: $14.95

Buttons! 1
Rainbowfest buttons still available! 2'A inches In diameter, Various bright
colors, yellow, green, red, blue, white & lavender. "Coco Widow," "Coco
Kid," "6809 Power," "Coco Nut," "I Speak Basic." $1.00 each, six for
$5.00; colorful rainbow design, $2.00 each.

MODEM IAGO

We put our popular [AGO game (similar to Othello) in MODEM form. Now
you can play it over the phone! Make your move, the pieces are flipped for
you, select a message, press a button, and seconds later your opponents
board is updated with your move. If you decide not to send the move you
made, press a key and take it back. Super game!
16K or 32K Extended Basic Required
PRICE: $19.95 (Tape)

MODEM CHECKERS
Same fine features as the chess game. You can make multiple jumps!
Crown pieces. Send messages. Everything is automatic!
16K or 32K Extended Basic Required
PRICE: $19.95 (Tape)

COUPON

10% off when sent with order or mention this coupon when ordering
by phone.

MODEM CHESS

You and a friend can play chess over the phone. The pieces are displayed
on a high res graphics board. Move the pieces either with the joystick, or
the keyboard. All moves are supported. Anything you can do on a regular
chess board, you can do on this one. There is a message indicator which
allows you to send messages each time you send a move. Make a move,
select a message to send, press a button, and seconds later your
opponent's board is updated. Has audio alerts; lets you know when a
move is being made,
IfiK or 32K Extended Basic Required
PRICE: $19.95 .(Tape)

COLOR DISK SAVER
Disk bombed again? Can't really afford those expensive programs that
might fix your disk? Anyone can afford the price of this program. COLOR
DISK SAVER will save your sanity, as well as your disk. Don't wait until it
is too late! COLOR DISK SAVER will save your disk to tape, reload the
tape to disk if you ever need to restore the disk. Also has a tape verify
command! Don't delay!
32K Extended Basic Required
PRICE: $12.95 (Tape) DD CLOCK

A Real Time clock that shows hours, minutes and seconds. You can type in
and run your programs just as you normally would, while DO CLOCK is
ticking away in the top right corner of your screen. And just in case you
forget to check up on the time, DD CLOCK will sound a tone every hour.
This program does not interfere with programming! You will notice no dif-
ference when running your programs. Many machine language programs
are also compatible with DD CLOCK. This program uses one of the most
powerful features of your 6809 microprocessor!
16K or 32K Required

PRICE: $9.95 (Tape) AUTOLOAD

AUTOLOAD will load any tape program or file and put it on disk for you
automatically! Autoload will skip programs with errors and go on to the
next program, either automatically or it will stop and wait for you to tell it
to go on. Autoload will also fix all of those machine language programs
thai load either down in the disk system area or lower. You will no longer
have to remove the disk countroller before playing a game. Autoload will
do all of the hard work for you, while you watch! All machine code pro-
gram. Will not load copy protected programs.
16K or 32K Extended Basic required.
PRICE: $12.95 (Tape)

COLOR COMPUTER/TDP-100

SUPER-PRO

REPLACEMENT KEYBOARD KIT *0^-»O
FREE PROGRAMS!!

Get a FREE utility program when you buy a copy of COLOR KEY COM-
MAND! Your choice of COLOR DISK SAVER, DD CLOCK. SUPER
PEEKER, TAPE NAME, AUTOLOAD, or CURSOR [I, Save up to $12,95!
cul.nu KKY COMMAND is only S1H.B-I5 (Tape) ' I)

' All machine code D Disk Compatible
$2.0(1 shipping and handling on all orders. $3.00 charge on C.O.D. orders,
Mastercard and VISA accepted, Texas residents add 5ft! sales tax. Allow
two weeks for personal checks.
Send 20 cent stamp for free catalog.

Double Density Software

92(1 Baldwin Street

Denton, Texas 76201

Phone 817/566-2004

'Canadians*

Kelly Software Distributors Ltd.

P.O. Box 11932

Edmonton, Alberta

(403)421-8(103

Save! I

r ▼ -^

tfaiferCard]

CoCo HEADQUARTERS

Looking to unlock the capacity of your Color Computer?

Search no more

TOLL FREE
1-800-251-5008

1 . 1 Extended Basic w/bk $
64k Memory Upgrade $
RS 1.1 Disk Controller $

1.2 Color Basic Rom $
Amdek Disk Drives $
26-3022 CoCo Drive S
26-3029 CoCo 2 Drive $
26-3023 Drive 1 $
Super Pro Keyboard Kit S
26-3016 RS Keyboard kit $

69.95

59.95

149.95

29.95

499.95

349.95

239.95

64.95

34.95

SPECIALS

26-3026
26-3026
26-3003
26-3011
26-1261
26-1192
C. It oh
C. Itoh
26-1268
26-3024

ACCESSORIES

Color Computer 2 16k
E Extended CoCo 2 16k
64k Extended CoCo
MC-10 CoCo

TP-10 Thermal Printer
CGP-115 Printer/Plotter
Banana Serial 50 cps
Prowriter 8510 (par)
CGP-220 Color Jet Ptr.
RS Multi-Pac Interface

149.95
224.95
329.95
CALL
89.95
179.95
249.95
399.95
639.95
149.95

RS D.C. Modem IB $ 89.95

Novation J-Cat Modem $ 129.95

RS D.C. Modem II $ 179.95

Hayes SM 300 Modem $ 239.95

L'SR Password 300/1200 S 449.95

Hayes/USR/Banana cables $ 19.95

El ephant Disks ssdd $
Verbatim Disks ssdd $
Kraft Joystick $

CoCo Switcher $

26-3020 4 pin DIN cable $
Botek ser/par Interface $

22.95
27.95
39.95
39.95

5.29
69.95

89.95 (Disk)

44.95 (Rom)

19.95 (Disk)

24.95 (Disk)

49.95 (Disk)

SOFTWARE & BOOKS

64.95 (Disk) Color Computer Graphics

CoCo Assembly Prog.

CoCo Programs

101 CoCo Programs

Programming the 6809

Basic Faster and Better
44.95 (C or II Pooyan by Konami (32k)
49.95 (Disk) Spa Dragon (32k)

******]'( 4 A * * .1 st A i A * * i * t i A it -i A i * i ft >i i >i >>. >.: i t 4 A i n i i i * i 4 * * 4 * * * i * * * * * * * * * *

I CJLL Call for prices and availability of your other favorite software TOLL
CDCC All advertised itcnifs subject to availability

TENNESSEE

FACTORY DIRECT

PURE RADIO SHACK EQUIPMENT

"THE COCO PROFESSIONALS"

OS-9 (req. 64k)

Basic-09 (req. OS-9)

Color Logo

MSI Diskutil

MSI MaillisL

MSI Color Finance

Elite-Calc

Colorcom/E

5.95

6.95

9.95

9.95
14.95
29.95
34.95 (C
34.95 (C

& D)
or D)

Prices do not include shipping & handling

FREE
1-800-251-5008

1-800-545-2502

All of the above units covered by our 120
day carry in warranty.

TRS-80 Trademark Tandy Corporation,
Prices subject to change without notice.

Write for our FREE newsletter!

jKSin

— ^ H,

Mailer Card]!

■ KNfU,

"" ft'""

„. Jr

™ ™ J LI

DELKER ELECTRONICS, INC.
P.O. BOX 897 DEPT D
SMYRNA, TN 37167
800-251-5008

800-545-2502 (TENNESSEE)
615-459-2636 TENNESSEE)
615-254-0088 NASHVILLE)

10 POKE 65494,0

20 L- 1025! R- 1 054 1 P- 1 039 : M-0: HT-0

:q»o:bb-70000:soo:for pp-i to 5
:read pl:c(PP)-pl;next pp

30 DATA 159,191,207,239,255

40 CL9 RND(4)+UPRINTa 192,STRIN

B* (32, "X") f :PRINT9224,BTRINGt ( 13

,255) J :PRINT£237, "»naker " ! STRINB

* ( 13, 255) I STRINB* (32, "%" ) f

30 PLAY "T4 03 V25 LB D S A L4 B

LB A O P8 04 D C# C 03 L4 B LB
A B PB D B B 04 L4 D LB C« L4 D
03 LB B A B L4... B LB B 04 E D#
L4 E 03 LB B L4 04 C L8 03 B 04
D C L4 03 B LB A L4 B LB B 04 D
C 03 B PB A L4 B LB A F# E PB
B P4 04 E" 'Bublitchkl
60 PRINTS 460, "«pr*SB ANY key T
START»"|:IF INKEY*-"" THEN 60
70 *

BO 'setup
90 BOSUB B40

loo cls:for pp-1024 to 1504 step
32: poke pp,175:play"t255 04 a b

":poke pp+3i,175:play m 04 e":next
pp:tiher-o

110 '

120 'main loop

130 FOR QQ-1 TO 2: FOR N-14B TO 2

44 STEP 16

140 M=(J0YSTK(0><6) - (JOYBTK(O)

>57)

150 BP-J0YSTK<3)

160 P«P+H:IF P<L THEN P-L ELSE I

F P>R THEN P-R

170 IF PEEK(P)<>96 THEN 320

ISO POKE P,N

190 PLAY"02 T235 B 03 C"

200 FOR PP»1 TO sp:next PP

210 POKE RND(30)+1504,C(RND(5>>

220 POKE RND(30)+1504,C(RND<5>)

230 POKE 1504, 175: PRINT9 511,CHR

*(175) J

240 NEXT N,QD

250 ■

260 ' advance snake

270 L=L+32:R-R+32

280 IF L-1441 THEN POKE P, 148; P=

P+32:P0KE P, 244: GOTO 380

290 POKE P, 14S:P=P+32:BOTO 130

300 *

310 'crash

320 L«L-32:R-R-32:IF L<1025 THEN

L-1025:R-R+32
330 FOR PL-1 TO 2: PLAY "02 T2 LB
B " : 9CREEN0 , 1 : PLAY " LB E " : SCREEN
,0:NEXT PL

340 POKE RND(29)+1505,C(RND(5)>:
POKE 1504, 175: POKE 1535, 175: POKE

P, 96: P-P-32 SPOKE P, 96! POKE P+l,

96: POKE P-1,96:IF P<1025 THEN P=

P-i-32

350 GOTO 130

360 '

370 'reached bottom

380 HT=TIMER:Q=Q+l: IF Q=3 THEN 4

390 FOR PP=1 TO 15: PLAY" 04 T255

A B E":POKE 1504, 175: PRINTS 511,

CHR*<175) ;:NEXT PP:POKE 1504,175

:PDKE 1535, 175

400 L=1025:R=iO54:P=1039:M=O:TIM

ER=HT:SOTO 130

410 '

420 'win

430 POKE 65494, 05CLS RND(8):PLAY

"V7 02 T2 L8 F A 03 C L4 F L8 C

L4. F": BOSUB 470

440 CLS RND(8) :PLAY"V> 02 T2 L8

A 03 C E L4 S L8 E L4. 6":S0SUB

470

450 CLS RND(8) :PLAY"V> 03 T2 LB

C F A 04 L4 C 03 L8 A 04 L4. C":

GDSUB 470

460 PLAVVlo^'lGOTO 510

470 PLAY"T255 01EFGBCAED
A6FCEDCBGEADDABC
BEADGCAEFEBCEDBA
EDBCDEDBBCEDC"

480 RETURN

32 Disk Basic

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE PROGRAM

♦Accounts Receivable for large or

small business
*Menu driven
*1 to 4 disk drives
*100 to 400 accounts
*5K to 20K transactions per month
*Basic for easy editing

$49.95 +
Disk Only

32K Disk Basic

MASTER SAVE

*Master directory, up to 35 disks

on single disk
♦Directory back-up on your disk if
you lose the original directory
*Hard print-out of directory
*Menu driven

$19.95 T
Disk Only

LEADER SALES CORPORATION

P. O. Box 1220 MC

Henderson, Tx. 75653-1220 VISA
+ plus shipping & handling

January 1984 the RAINBOW 177

490 ■

500 *»cora

310 CLS RND(4>+1: PRINT* 168, "YOU

HADE IT IN: "|
520 SC-HT / 60 : M*-LEFT* < 9TR* ),3):IF VAL+W*><1 THEN M*«"
00"

330 IF LEN<M*>>2 THEN M*-RI8HT*<
M*,2>

540 B*«LEFT* ( BTR* ( I NT (SC- I NT ( SC/
60)*60>>,3>:IF LEN(8«><3 THEN 8*
•"O" + RIGHT* <S*,1> ELSE S*"RI6H
T*(8*,2>

550 FOR PP-1312 TO 1343: POKE PP,
33: NEXT PP
560 P8*«M*+"I M +S*:PRINT« 301,PS*

570 FOR 0-1 TO 5:F0R N-l TO 12SP

LAV'TZSS 0"+8TR«(0>+"N"+8TR*(N>:

NEXT N,0

580 FOR PP-1 TO 1 BOO: NEXT PP

590 IF HT<88 THEN BOSUB 790

600 '

610 'show bast tcorv

620 CLSO: PRINT* 10, "BEST SCORE"!

630 PRINTS 224, STRING* < 32, 143) ( :

PRINTS 192, STRING* (32, 255) I : PR IN

T8 256, STRING* (32, 255) |

640 PRINT«224,N*|" " BS*

WITH FOUR SCREENS
• TANKS • SPIDERS 'BLOCKS • CYCLES •

Battle spiders! Blast your way through the descending blocksl Deleal the
enemy tanksl Trap the menacing cycles! increasing levels ot dilficully make
each a real challenge! KRON is a fast ML program with multi-colors. Hi-Res,
and many great sounds. It displays Ihe top five scores plus has a pause feature
and display mode.
32KSTANDAHDJOYSTICK TAPE-DISK »26.85M9,95

KING PEDE

The ultimate pede game! You'll lace up to eight different enemies including
swarms ol wasps. ML— multi-color.

32K STANDARD-JOYSTICK

TAPE-DISK S24.S5-S27.95

MEM-OS64

A S1K Menu Driven ML Utility which allows you to store multipie ML or Basic
programs in the high 32K RAM then pull the desired program and RunJExec It. II
maintains a directory, displays the amount of free memory and length ol pro-
grams, has a Molorf Audio On/Off command, a Load and Kill command, and
allows the easy switching ol programs with disk-like speed! With the Multiple
Load feature, you can load several programs al once with ease!
64K EXTENDED TAPE S15.95

PEEKCOPY

Copies tape-based software (even most autostarts), displays memory in He*
and ASCII, displays the Start. End. and Exec addresses of ML programs, allows
the changing of memory, and more (ML)!
16K STANDARD TAPE (11-95

REDUCIT

A M L program that makes your Basic programs use less memory and run more

elficiently (faster) by combining lines and removing unnecessary spaces and

remarks!

16K STANDARD TAPE $9.95

PLEASE ADD $2.00 EACH ORDER, POSTAGE/HANDLING

OREGON COLOR COMPUTER SYSTEMS
P.O. BOX 11468, EUGENE, OR 97440

650 FOR Q-5 TO i STEP -l:FOR N-l
2 TO 1 STEP -i:PLAY"T255 0"+STR*

<o>+"N"+str*<n>;next n,o
660 for pp-1 to 1800: next pp

670 '

680 'play again

690 SOUND 10O,2

70O CLS: PR I NT "ANOTHER SAME <Y/N>

!■

710 Z*-INKEY*:IF Z*<>"" THEN 720

ELSE 710
720 IF Z*-"N" THEN PR I NT "BEST SC
ORE; "|N*: PRINT: PRINT BS*: PRINT: G
OTO 850

730 IF Z*<> H Y" THEN SOUND 25,1:8
OTO 700
740 *

750 'rHit and start
760 80SUB B40:L-1025;R-1054:P-10
39:M»0:Q-0:BO0:80T0 1O0
770 '
780 *naw be«t icort

770 b8»ht:ht-0:bs*-ps*:cls rnd<8
>:print"What is your nahe"i:line

INPUT" >>»?" |N*
800 RETURN
810 '

B20 'high apvad
B30 ' IF YOUR COMPUTER CANNOT

TAKE THE HI8H SPEED POKE,

THEN CHANOE THE FOLLOWING

LINE TO:

840 RETURN
840 POKE 65495,0: RETURN
850 END

Him ,

Single Disk COPY

Here's a feature which can be invaluable for users with a
single disk drive. The Radio Shack Disk Manual mentions
that use of the COPY Command requires two or more
drives. This is not necessarily true. A single drive COPKcan
be made by doing the following:

1) Insert disk with file to be copied into the drive 0.

2) Type "COPY "FILENAME/ext:0" and press
<ENTER>.

3) There will be one short beep and a notice will appear
on the screen instructing the user to insert the desti-
nation disk.

4) Insert destination disk and press <ENTER>.

5) Once completed there will be two copies of the pro-
gram: one original and one on the destination disk.

This method works for all types of disk files including
machine language programs.

178

the RAINBOW January 19B4

HARDWARE

Monitor Mod
For Your CoCo

By Richard Kottke

When was the last time you had to interrupt your
word processing because your wife was busy food
processing? Has your neighbor's electric garage
door opener closed your CoCo? Do electric shavers, hair
dryers and toasters make your TV picture do the hula? If so,
then you are suffering from the television picture blues.
There are many causes; line interference, bad cables, rotten
old TV's, but only one good cure: buy a video monitor.

Costing approximately $300, video monitors are quite
competitive with their television cousins, with one catch:
CoCo was intended for televisions only. In other words, if
you ran a cable from the "TO TV'jack on your computer to
a video monitor, all you'd get would be a blank screen. How
depressing! Will CoCo be forever deprived of the high
quality, razor-sharp picture of a video monitor? Will we all
be condemned for life to staring at blurry, interference-
laden, rotten, gosh-awful televisions while using one of the
world's best computers? No! Something must be done!

Well, if you're the adventurous sort, you can have that
high-quality, razor-sharp monitor working on your CoCo
for the price of some solder and a few feet of cable, with the
added bonus of a professional quality sound output. How?
Perhaps a little theory will illustrate. Video monitors and
televisions are actually pretty much the same — with one
exception: televisions get their picture from a radio fre-
quency (R.F.) signal, and monitors use a voltage frequency

(Richard Koitke, a native o/Crivitz, Wl, is a student at
the University of Wisconsin — Madison under a Naval
ROTC scholarship. He is majoring in electrical en-
gineering.)

IDEAL FOR SCHOOL P.A.. POINT OF PURCHASE ■ SALES. TRADE SHOWS.
LECTURE/DEMOS. SALES MESSAGES. ETC.

LARGE
3-D

LETTER
MESSAGE
DISPLAYER

■ READABLE TO SO FT.

- ttt, 3,i INCH LETTERS (25"1M|

- 3-D LIKE SHADOWS

- 3 LETTER STYLES - 4 COLORS

. POP-OUT OR PREPRINTED MESSAGES

■ STORE 4 DISPLAY 100+ INDIVIDUALLY FORMATTED MESSAGES

■ USER SELELCTABLE: Spacing. Peslllwllim Sue. Lei lor S!ylo&.

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■ FULL FEATURE EDITOR Irtdudns Load, Save, Enint, Oinocp. chanoa.

insert copv. Preview, Display
. AUTOMATIC OR SWITCH ACTIVATED MESSAGE CHANGING

LARGE 3-D LETTER MESSAGE DISPLAYER tuECBlbunn $ 29.9a

HSAC SOFTWARE, 1 Fourth St, Farminovilie, N.Y. 1173B

DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED

(I.F.) signal. Some computers, such as the Apple, were
designed to be used with monitors, so their video output is
an I.F, signal. To be used with a TV, the Apple's l.F. video
signal must be run through an R.F. modulator, which is then
hooked up to a standard TV set. Aha! The signal we want,
then, must be an unmodulated signal, one that has not been
run through an R.F. modulator.

As it turns out, CoCo has an R.F. modulator built into the
circuit board. To use a monitor with our CoCo, we must
intercept the video signal he/ore it gets to the R.F. modula-
tor, while it is still in the I.F. form. At this point, you might
as well open up your computer so you can see what I'm
talking about.

Turn the computer upside-down and look at the bottom.
There are nine medium-sized holes in the case. Get a
medium-sized Phillips screwdriver and try to unscrew a
screw from each hole (some holes may not have screws — it
depends on what revision board you have). The last screw is
under the sticker that says "breaking this seal will void your
warranty . . ." If you want to be sneaky, you can peel it off
and glue it back on later. Once all of the screws are out, turn
the computer right side up and remove the case top. Behold
the naked CoCo! Touch not any chip, lest it mysteriously
zonks out! Turn the case so that you are looking at the back
of the computer. You shouldn't notice (see Figure I) the
R.F. modulator in front of you. One of the four leads going
into this magic box contains thatelusive I.F. signal, which is
what we want. Another one carries the sound signal, which
we must also tap, because the monitor's l.F. signal does not
carry sound.

Mission: DESTROY

Ao*nt Filt 88?

(Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to
destroy the IB warhead nissilf being engineered by
Soviet scientists. The text screens and high-res
graphics screens bring you the ultimate espionage
adventure. Req. 32K extended basic fl7,95
Creations Unliiited
TOP SECRET 2ITilton Lane
Andover, MA 11811

January 1984 Ihe RAINBOW 179

Now. on with the mod. Get the following:

1 . A video monitor, preferably one with a built-in
audio amp;

2. Two shielded cables with "RCA" plugs (RS
#42-2. #42-2371;

3. Some shielded solder;

4. A low watt soldering iron; and

5. Some patience and a steady hand.

First burn, cut, file, or drill a hole in the back of the upper
case large enough for the two cables, then thread the cables
through the hole. Now look at Figure 2. Solder the center
lead from one of the cables to lead #1 from the modulator
(this is the l.F. video). Solder the center lead from the other
cable to lead #3 from the modulator (this is the sound). Twist
the copper shielding from both cables together, and solder it
to the case of the modulator. Lastly, mark the video cable
(from lead #1) with a piece of tape. Now carefully replace the
case top, turn the computer over, and replace the screws (the
two small ones go up near the keyboard). If you did
everything correctly, the back should look like Figure 3.

To test the mod. plug the cable with the tape into the jack
of your video monitor labled "VIDEO IN." Plug the
unmarked cable into the jack marked "AUDIO IN." or plug
it into your stereo system. When you turn everything on, the
video monitor should show the familiar green screen with a
black border.

You will probably have to fiddle with the controls a bit to
get a really good picture. If, no matter how much you fiddle,
the picture looks washed out, reopen the computer and.
while it is running, adjust the pot labeled "contrast" on the
circuitboard. If you can't find the pot, it should be near the
modulator. R pot is a sort of black, disk-like deal with an

inset shaft that turns. Adjust this pot until you like what you
see, and then reclosc the case.

I've had this mod installed for a month now with no
problems, except that I had to readjust the contrast pot
when switching from TV to monitor. Nothing I've seen can
beat that clean, crisp video picture, and it sure cures those
old television blues!

Figure 1

MODULATOR

AUDI
VIDEO

O 3) 1

2l H

1 1 L

Figure 2

'!■— f >•* i m ^■^^■"^^^^T™^^^* m ■ n f " i

~T_J~-

Figure 3

AUDIO » ^ VIDEO

4 . n nn.n

j^i

112 W. WISCONSIN AV.
KAUKAUNA, Wl 54130
(414) 766-1851

STOCK ITEMS SHIPPED SAME DAY!

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THE POWER BEHIND THE PRINTED WORD.

180

the RAINBOW January 1984

* TALKING PROGRAMS

The Final Countdown

*iMM]n

TALKING
FINAL COUNTDOWN

(by Bill Cook)

Now speech has been added to ihe excite-
ment of this superb adventure. You must
stop (he mad general from launching a
missile at Moscow and causing WWIII.
Has multiple voices for added realism.

For 32KEXT,...-. $24.95

Standard cassette

FINAL COUNTDOWN S 14.95

N E W SPELL-A-TRON

This educational program will assist tn
leaching children how to spell. The pro-
gram allows the user to build a dictionary
of words, with proper pronunciation as
well as spelling, and then the test mode
can be entered for use by the child. The
program will both spell the word and say
the word if the child is not correct. Uses
only positive reinforcement, and is very
user friendly. For ANY age child or adult.
With documentation. 32KEXT, . . $28.95

**■

TALKING
SCORE E-Z

An excellent adaptation of yahtzee type
program with the addition of speech. Up
to six players can compete at a time, and
all scoring and record keeping is done by
the computer. Requires the Spectrum
Speaker, and 32K ext. basic. Let your
computer talk to you for a change. On

cassette for only $24,95

Standard SCORE E-Z $15.95

* All JARB Software talking programs require the Spectrum Speaker to work.
Look for more talking programs to come,

UTILITIES

From

^3£^

SPECTRUM PROJECTS

64K UTILITY PACK (disk) includes 40K,
Romcrack , and Spool 64 only $2 1 .95

40K on cassette (disk able) when used with
a 64K computer will give you a 40K of
user ram to be used as you wish.
Only $9.95

TAPE UTILITY (disk) includes tape to

disk, disk to tape, and more.

Now only $24.95

SCHEMATIC DRAFTING PROCES-
SOR (disk) can draw large scale
schematics in hl-res (has six overlapping
screens) and then print them out to any of
several popular printers, fasti I A must for
serious hardware eomputerist.
Now only $49.95

**••*# +

soi'-rWABf

hardware

JARB

COMPUTER PRODUCTS

1636 D Avenue, Suite C
National City, CA 92050

BBS (619) 474-8981
VOICE (619) 474-8982

ARCADE ACTION!'! /j^^

flAINBOW

JUNGLE TREK

Lost In a jungle with wild animals lurking;
your only survival is to find a safe com-
pound before you are lunch for lions;
high resolution; multi-color.
I6KEXT SI4.95

NEW

SPECTRUM SPEAKER

This excellent hard ware/ soft ware com-
bination gives the best speech available to
the color computer user. The hardware
plugs into the ROM pack port, and uses
the Votrax SC01 phoneme synthesizer for
superior speech. The software consists of
both BASIC and M/L programs to allow
for l ext to speech conversion, pre- or user
defined dictionary of words, and easy
Interfacing to any basic program. Best of
all, if you use the multipac interface by
R/S you can use both the disk drives and
the Spectrum Speaker at the same time.
This opens up new worlds of use for the
combination. Both 16K and 32K software
are included, and the price is only . $69.95

We carry products

from many manufacturers.

If you don't see it, ask.

U.S FUNDS ONLY

C.O.D. ORDERS ACCEPTED

NO CREDIT CARD ORDERS

SHIPPING AND HANDLING: Unless
otherwise specified, all orders $3.00 per
order. California Residents add 6% sales
tax.

COLORSOFT - APPLICATIONS

LLiiitti.imtitt^nitumiiuui^uviu^vTuuu^tmj

COLORSOFT' MANAGEMENT SKILLS
• ERIE* I; BEING BOSS

SEINd Id '.■--.■ la ■ e all k New •■■< ■ prcgiam. and ■> lhn "Iril n an an^Alng
ir> >l jil rampulir aikJili-d rnaniaarntnl dararajifl>anl laah. T*isrr wha can
frrn*li| IfltltJ*!* terpen ilaaiacuHiat, nvinagari, hfadinl laana, group 1aarJa<i„
lLipnrHO'i,lor»rnani. riaehari, nidflirinU tp net lfl r fl*|a WfrP muil '
1aad*nNp R*i uii banilll 1>0*t 11**1 pid-d'"""!

A REFLEGTIQU*- ■ till vrlhitlon guld*

B •,'.■:. I RTlHrlHlEl - I aarrto: enrol imIh^i

;■ UAhiAGtUEHT i'V.!'; < I Hi* ti 1 1\': ■:;■,.■ ■■ I'n HISi'i'v ! -' : i

D. [if cisiPH y«K!NO ■ hem 10 hanM ottiiiar. miWno
E COLfhlaEUHQ - Pw IprriG thi M ioIy* piihiH firebhtfna

P .i.l!.L.';UNlfilX I*. Tt .:#.M .Jl Ti.l-ill"

Euh program • . In ■ mulllpPi ■:>■■:.; v qui I Not nana rprmil ■■*•'♦ !■'■*

■:■■■ iJ|.-i'ii!M'iirl.i.i^ii.li:|Tni a tiiiili,l|.ii.-i' T -i!i;iu.i'.i f. 'it

iraar !»*■■■ it- r- n 1 ( *.t *'i' tillli and ImiKghli Thl p«Hilmi 'nciird* v.-.-i.i.
i ■ mUl ■:■ ■ ■:.-> Lh*julHni. ttr. Tarr^ ftirlar ' BE I KG ft 05 V li em ud« 1
hit l.ifihmwTi mg nunigi mafii. bi»kk BQ55 T ALK " an*' THION* £ "
Th* arrlv*. "BEING ROIB .Olrau Id In* uitr (Si ia3iil Hi ml'Mfrmt-
dai ■lapmanl qcwtaflla and ahould jmtn .a b* an. IniraJuabl* TOOL lor anfAn*
wric- wl|haa lc raach Niali hi polafiMal aa m laadar. Tlia -■ ■_ ii p-z ■ haj coodi
v-n' <:■■■!; I'p'iMn w,i'ii nap malapl.pl Inlo Ink* aulaEandmpj pacaap*. Th»
aeeempanflnrj uit-rp manifpl Ii .it r wall *ni>" and it tai ., ,. itrad by

wi | B m

Requuci iCK Ek! BASIC jnd cjiiitue.
PRICE S69.Q5

B . numuLmam.munn\iAu i sMUvvvvv\vv< * Anv\nT f m.\ T t Trt

STOCK
ANALYSER

Bl ir El— ■*■■ *

"Ifllifliil!
flffWjfflfl**

■ mm L * j[_t?^ " " j

^^^L^-

Portfolio mgmt. and

trend projections.

16K Ext. BASIC $21.95

LOAN ANALYSIS

.-*-*£ xuviic'i.ii mitt

HOUSEHOLD

•J^pllk MANAGER
,3f / «f MANAGER
' /l\ \ MANAGER
MANAGER
MANAGER
MANAGER <

UAKAQEH

Amortization schedules,

auto loans, etc.
16K Ext. BASIC $20.95

30 expense categories

with bar graphs.
16K Ext. BASIC $19.95

COLORSOFT "GAMES

Two player chase game. A 3-D Graphics

Adventure.
16K Ext. BASIC with joysticks 16K Ext. BASIC
S12.95 S18.95

Board game, 1 or 2
players.

16K Ext. BASIC

$16.95

Beginners Adventure 2 player adventure.

16K Ext. BASIC

$13.95

16K Ext. BASIC

$18.95

GOLDLABEL

BLANK CASSETTES

PREMIUM S SCREW SMELL
COMPUTER QUALITY

| SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

MACE IN U.S.A.

SCHOOL^CLUS DISCOUNTS

IF YOU ARE SEHIOUS ABOUT SAVING PROGRAMS AND
DATA ON TAPE, THEN "GO FOR THE GOLD"

2 dozen

1 dozen

2 down

C10
C-10

C-3G

C-3D

S 8,50 * S 2.50 shipping

S 16.QO*S3.&OihlflQln.J

I 12,50 + 1 2.50 i-llpplne
i 23.50+ S 3.SD 1 hipping

IHOpVtPUAl, CASSETTE aTOFtAQE BOXES ■.SPLD ONLT WITH C*WiHiL lit ■ij ii'.*<i P£R DOZEN

CA55ETTE CADDY

HOLDS 12 CASSETTES

HINGED TOP

ST4CKABLE

EDGE LABELS INCLUDED

i 3.g& * S 2.QQ ihlpplng
2 lor *7.0D * 1 2.5fl ihlpping
FREE SHIPPING WHEN PURCHASED WITH CASSETTES

BRANTEX, INC.

COLOR SOFTWARE SERVICES DW.
p. O Bo 1 1T08
DriHnville. T«k«i 7S4DI

ATTENTION DISK USERS

ARE VOU TIRED OP I/O ERH0H5 AND LOST DIRECTORY FAILURES

I Wh*n lh*» *djg* Con melon, ir* Ultcrnd Ld lh» Dlik Contrail«ri h Ihn drticUd Fr'O vrror and lail dlnKlorr |
1 Ia,|iur*a mau b* irJrtUMly oirm | n ■ tend Thi Inililiailcn of Ihtti conrmr.mri DOES NOT HEQUIRE 5QLDEH-
INQ. THEBC GOLD CGNNECTOHfi ARE SOLbEfiCO DIRECTLY TO THE EDGE CONNECTORS OF THE I
DISK CONTROLLER. IHBTALLATIGN OF THESE CONNECTORS MAY YOlO THE WAHHANTV ON THE j
I ■)!:■■!: CONTROLLER.

KIT INCLUDES TWO CONNECTORS AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS fOR EASV INSTALLATION,

PRICE: i16.u-.-t % 1.00 shipping (h.ilill.llo.-i not Includtd)

ASK YOUR DEALER ABOUT THEIR INSTALLATION SERVICES

CUSTOM INSTALLATION (Includtt connpclori): I059S * t -1,00 ralum ihlpplnn

INSTALLATION AND UPS 2nd DAY SERVICE WITHIN 5 DAYS OF RECEIPT OF DISK CONTROLLER

TELEPHONE ORDERS
014)454-3674

COD/ V I S A / M A STE RC A RD

Include S2.25 Handling per order
Wfhc for Free Catalog

ATTENTION DEALERS: WE OFFER THE BEST DEALER PLANS AVAILABLE

OLORSOFT™ BUSINESS SOFTWARE

AT LAST! BUSINESS SOFTWARE DESIGNED FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER

* MAKE YOUR COLOR COMPUTER A WORKING BUSINESS PARTNER *

* ALL PROGRAMS ARE MENU DRIVEN AND USER FRIENDLY *

* PROFESSIONALLY WRITTEN AND FULLY TESTED *

* AFTER-THE-SALE SUPPORT *

COLORSOFT 1 ™ GENERAL LEDGER

COLORSOFT "' ,: General Ledger lv ideal for Ihe small buslneea man who

wants lo take advantage of Ihe time saving beneNIa ol computerized account

mg procedures. This package la designed for the businessman who lis

knowledgable ol accounting principles and who wanls a computerised

accounllnrj ayslem with greater user control. The lealurea and options of Ihls

package compare lavorably to higher priced software,

FEATURES

'** USER FRIENDLY AND FULLY MENU DRIVEN "*

'" UP TO 96 USER DEFINABLE RECORD CATEGORIES **'

"* USER FLEXIBILITY IN ACCOUNT DESIGN AND ENTRIES ""

"■ DETAILED USERS MANUAL WITH SAMPLE TRANSACTIONS *"*

"• APPROXIMATELY 80D ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/PAYABLE FILES "'

'"STYLED FOR THE ACCOUNTANT /BOOKKEEPING ORIENTED USER""

"■ MENU PROMPTS MAKE ENTRIES EASY, FAST, AND EFFICIENT •■■

COLORSOFT (m General Ledger Is an Integrated, Journal-type double entry
accounting package for a small business lhal Includes General Ledger h
Accounts Payable, and Accounts Receivable programs. Outputs of the system
include an Income statement, balance sheet accounts payebleend receivable
status lists, accounts payable and receivable aging reports. Journal reports,
account llsling and aclosLngaummary.DurlngeachuBer established account-
ing period (monthly, quarterly; annually, etc.), It will handle accounts ol up to
S1,0QO, 000.00 tor approximately 8QQ accounts payable/ roc enable, Accounts
are automatically numbered and each transaction Is carried separately so lhal
an accounl number will correspond lo a specilic purchase rather than a
spec! lie vend or/ customer.

Requires I6K end a. Single Disk Drive.
PRICE: S 129.95

COLORSOFT 1 " 1 SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING

The COLORSOFT 1m Small Business Accounting package is Ideal for the
small business man who wanls lo take advantage of the time saving benefits ot
computerized accounting procedures. This package is designed with this
parson In mind and as such, extensive computer or accounting experience fs
nol required; The feature and options of this package are comparable to much
higher priced software.

featup.es

'** user friendly and fully menu driven *"

*** user does not need to be an accountant ""

'** up to 32 user definable recoro categories '"

'" detailed user's manual with sample transactions "**

" user is prompted for companion entries as required "■

approximately boo accounts receivable/payable files ***

" menu prompts make entries easy, fast. and efficient ■"

COLORSOFT ,m SmaH Business Accounting Is an Integrated, ledgerle&s
eccounling package lor a small business lhal Includes Accounts Payable,
Accounts Receivable, Sales, and Purchase Order programs. Outputs ol the
system include an Income statement, balance sheel, check register, accounts
payable and receivable status Hits, and accounts payable end receivable
aging reports. During each user eslabFished accounting period [monthly,
quarterly, annually, etc.), it will handle sales ol up to $1,000,000.00 and
approximately 600 accounts payable/receivable. Accounts are automatically
numbered and each transaction Is carried separately such that an account
number will correspond to a epacllic purchase ralher then a specific
| vendor/ customer.

Requires 16K and a Single Disk Drive.
PRICE: 5149.95

COLORSOFT PAYROLL

The COLORSOFT "" Payroll is a sland-alon& payroll system. It in also suited Iqt
Inlegffllionjnlo Ihe C0LOHSOFT 1rt Small Business Accounting Package Payroll is
a highly user friendly system designed lor regular use by the small businessman.

FEATURES.

■■ SUPPORTS OVERT5ME AND BONUS PAY "'

'•■ USER FRIENDLY AND FULLY MENU DRIVEN "

'"■■ HANDLES HOURLY AND SALARIED EMPLOYEES

■" MAINTAINS YEAH TO OATE TOTALS PER EMPLOYEE '*'

■*■ HANDLES FEDERAL. STATE. AND LOCAL INCOME TAXES ""

•" DETAILED USERS MANUAL WITH SAMPLE TRANSACTIONS "'

hh HANDLES OVER 2Q0 EMPLOYEES WITH a DEDUCTIONS EACH "*

"" MENU PRQMPTSMAKE ENTRIES EASY, FAST. AND EFFICIENT

COLORSOFT '" Payroll is a tomplele sland-nlany package lor rnainlaimnQ
personnel and payrolJ rJatfton the employees ot a small business and forcalculaling
payTDll and lan ampunls and maintaining year-lo-dale totals tor income fax
reporling This sysiem will compute each pay penpd's totals based an hours
worhod.calcuJale taxes tube withheld, allow for specified deductions, eompuienel
pay and prepare a malting list Additional reports lhal are produced include a listing
ol employees, a year io dale lederal and'or slate la* listing, and a listing al current
miscellaneous deductions. This syslom is suited tor us.o in ail states ckcept
Oklahoma and Delaware.

Requires 16K and a Single Disk Drive.

PRICE: S99.95

COLORSOFT 1 " 1 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

COLORSOFT lrT1 Accounts Receivable Is a lull stand-alone accounts receiva-
ble system. It Is also suited lor integration Into the COLORSOFT lm Small
B u s I nes s Accou nt I ng p ac keg e . A ceo u n ts R e c e I va b I e d oe a n o 1 1 a q u i r e th e u se r
lo be an accountant; In fact, this Is a highly user Iriendly system designed lor
dally use by the small businessman. The features and options of this system
compare lavorably with much higher priced software.
FEATURES
"■ PROVIDES ACCOUNT AUDIT TRAIL "■
'" ACCOUNTS ARE CARRIED BY CUSTOMER '"
'■' USER FRIENDLY AND FULLY MENU DRIVEN ■"
■" PREPARES INVOICES AND MAILING LABELS "'
"• USER DOES NOT NEED TO BE AN ACCOUNTANT '"
■" DETAILED USER'S MANUAL WITH SAMPLE TRANSACTIONS "•
"■ MENU PROMPTS MAKE ENTRIES EASY, FAST. AND EFFICIENT —
COLORSOFT lm Accounts Receivable provides the user with detailed audi!
traits and history files on all transactions by a customer. It also prepares
1 nv elces , tnal II n g i a bel s, ag In g II ata , c ust ome r hist ory re po rts , a nd an a I ph a bet-
Izecfcustomer listing. The user can define discount/net terms for commercial
accounts and finance charge and minimum payments for revolving accounts.
Requires 16K and a Single Disk Drive.
PRICE: S89.9S

USER'S MANUALS WITHOUT PROGRAM $20.00 EACH (Refunded on Purchase)
INCLUDE: $2.25 Handling Per Order WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG

BRANTEX, INC.

COLOR SOFTWARE services div.

BUSINESS SOFTWARE GROUP
P.O. BOX 1708, DEPT. R
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401

TELEPHONE ORDERS

(214) 454-3674

COD/VISA/MASTERCARD

ATTENTION DEALERS: WE OFFER THE BEST DEALER PLANS AVAILABLE

GAME

16K
ECB

' the
RAINBOW

/.- -L

Puzzle

Sticks

and

Picture

Maker

By Stephen Lai

Millions of people have undertaken the rewarding,
yet patience-testing challenge of jigsaw puzzles.
Puzzle Sticks (Program Listing 1} is an entertain-
ing game that requires you to rearrange pieces that consist of
thin horizontal sticks, instead of the ordinary, irregularly-
shaped pieces.

Puzzle Slicks offers a wide range of pictures and difficul-
ties. There are five preprogrammed pictures. The sixth one.
Your Own Creation, lets you retrieve pictures from cassette.
Picture Maker (Program Listing 2) provides simple com-
mands for you to create original pictures and save them to
cassette.

You may select either 17 or 34 sticks. Seventeen sticks are
wider and much easier to solve than 34 sticks. The sticks are
randomly shuffled an amount of switches that you specify.

The sticks are rearranged by exchanging two sticks at a
time. Move the red and green pointers to the two sticks that
you wish to be switched and press [ENTER], The sticks
trade positions using the GET/ PUT statements in lines 310
and 320. The red pointer is moved up and down with the up
arrow and down arrow keys. The green pointer is moved
with the right arrow and [CLEAR] keys. A pointer may be
moved from the top stick to the bottom stick by ordering it
up, and vice versa.

(Stephen Lai is a high school freshman in Palatine, I!!.
He has enjoyed programming the Co Co for three
years.)

The blue number represents the number of switches that
have been made. The red pointer represents the number of
random computer shuffles that you specified.

The first three pictures, Mr. Grouch, Happy Face, and
Buggy, are suitable for younger children when 17 sticks are
chosen. The next two pictures. Bouncing Boxes and Spiral-
ing Lines, are much more difficult, especially when 34 sticks
are chosen.

Picture Maker lets you create pictures for Puzzle Sticks.
In Puzzle Sticks the picture didn't take up the whole screen.
Because of this, the cursor used in Picture Maker is limited
to that same area. There are basically two types of com-
mands, primary and secondary. The four letters in the
upper-left of the screen indicate which primary command
has been called. The secondary commands are to be used
only when a primary command is in use. In other words, the
secondary commands can only be used when one of the four
graphic letters are blue.

Secondary commands.

1-4) These four number commands set the color of the
primary graphics command. The box in the lower-left of the
screen shows the current color. Next, are the eight keys
surrounding the S key. These keys move the cursor two
pixels in the direction that they are related to the S key. For
example, W would move the cursor two pixels up and C
would move the cursor two pixels down and to the right.

The eight keys surrounding the K key move the cursor five
pixels in the direction that they are related to the K key.

184

the RAINBOW January 1984

Primary commands

5) The numeral 5 allows you to produce circles. The C on
the graphics screen will turn blue when this command is in
use. First move the cursor to the location of the circle's
radius and press [ENTER]. Then move the cursor toa point
on the circle's circumference and press [ENTER], The circle
will then be drawn. Don't worry if part of the circle extends
beyond the picture's boundaries.

6) The numeral'6' allows you to draw using the 16 secon-
dary cursor-moving commands. The D on the graphics
screen will turn blue when this command is in use, Toescape
from this command, press R. I have found this command to
be the most useful,

7) The 7 allows you to draw single lines. The L on the
graphics screen will turn blue when this command is in use.
Move the cursor to one end of the desired line and press
[ENTER], Then move the cursor to the other end of the line
and press [ENTER]. A line will be drawn from one end to
the other.

8) This command allows you to print inside a one-
colored border. The border has to be totally enclosed, or else
the paint color will leak out and make a mess. The P on the
graphics screen will turn blue when this command is in use.
This command requires three steps. First, set the box in the
lower left of the screen to the paint color and press
[ENTER]. Then do the same thing for the border color.
Lastly, move the cursor to a location inside the border and
press [ENTER]. The bordered area will then be painted.

9) The 9 allows you to save the screen to tape. All
unneeded bordering graphics will be cleared away. The pic-
ture's name is asked for. Type it in and press [ENTER],
Then position the tape and press [ENTER], Lastly, press
"play" and "record" on the tape recorder and hit [ENTER],

One important thing to remember when producing the
pictures is to make sure that no two horizontal sticks arc
identical. This causes a mixup when the picture appears to
be unscrambled while playing Puzzle Sticks, but two identi-
cal sticks are actually in each other's position.

Listing 1:

^100 ...

..02BF

270...

.. 061F

380...

. 09CA

580...

. 0D8D

730.. .

.. 112E

END .

.. 148F

1 * PUZZLE STICKS

2 * BY STEPHEN LAI

10 PM0DE3:F=RND(-TIMER):DIM0(34>

, si (60) , s2(60> , bx (4) , by(4) : forf=

ito34:o<f>=f:next:cls: input"DO y

DU NEED INSTRUCTIONS (Y/N>";QU*:

I FQU*= " Y " THENS0SUB720

20 CLS:INPUT"34 OR 17 STICKS"JST

: IFST<>34ANDST< M7THEN20EL5EIFST

=34THENIN=5: P=8ELSEIN=10: P=5

30 INPUT "NUMBER OF SHUFFLES"! SH:

IFSH<1THEN30

40 S0SUB150

50 DAT AR4D6L4U6BD 1 , BDR2NUD5NL2R

2BL4BD4 , NDR4D3L4D3R4UBL4BD5 , NDR4

D3NL2D3L4NUBD4, D3R4ND3U3BD 1 0BL4

60 DAT ANR4D3R4D3L4NUR4BU5UBD 1 OBL

4, NR4D3NR4D3R4U3BU2UBD10BL4, BD6E

4U2NL4BD 1 0BL4 , NR4D3NR4D3R4U6BL4B

D 1 O , NR4D3R4D3L4NUR4U6BD 1 0BL4

70 F0RF=0T09: READNU* (F ) .* NEXT

SO DRAW " SSBM4 , 6C3 " +NU* ( ) -MMU$ < O >

+NU*(0)

90 C0L0R4

100 Di=INT<SH/100>:D2=INT<(SH-Dl

*100>/10>:D3=SH-D1*100-D2*10:DRA

W"BM4, 120"+NU* (Dl ) +NU* (D2) +NU* (D

110 F0RF=0TGSSTEP4:LINE(40-F,9-F

) - (246+F, 180+F) , PSET, B: NEXTF

120 C0L0R2:LINE(32,10)-(40, 1B0> ,

PSET, BF: COL0R4: LINE (32, 9> - (40, 9>

, PSET: LINE (32, ISO) -(40, 180) ,PSET

1 30 C0L0R3 : FORF= 1 OTO 1 80STEP I N : L I

NE(2S,F)-(32,F>,PSET:NEXT

140 GOTO 170

1 50 TT=0 : CLS : PR I NT : PR I NT " P I CTURE

S:":print:print" l) MR. GROUCH":

PRINT" 2) HAPPY FACE": PRINT" 3)

BUSBY": PR I NT" 4> BOUNCING BOXES"

: PRINT" 5) SPIRALING LINES" :PRIN

T" 6) YOUR OWN GREAT ION": PR I NT: I

NPUTA: IFA>6 THEN150ELSEPCLS2

160 ON A GOSUB340,510,590,430,65

0,840: RETURN

170 F0RF=1T0SH

180 A=RND(ST>:B=RND(ST):F3=0(A):

D(A)=0<B):0(B)=F3

190 A=10+(A-1)*IN:B=10+(B-1>*IN:

GET (36, A) - (244, A+IN-1 > ,S1 : GET(36

,B)-(244,B+IN-1),S2

200 PUT (36, A) -(244, A+IN-1) ,S2:PU

T(36,B)-(244,B+IN-1) ,S1

210 NEXT:SCREEN1,0

220 F1=5:F2=10:E1=5:E2=10

230 C0L0R2: LINE (25, E1*IN+P) -(30,

E1*IN+P-1 ) ,PSET, B: LINE (25, E2*IN+

P)-(30,E2*IN+P-1) ,PSET,B

240 El=Fl:E2=F2

250 C0L0R4:LINE(25,Fl*IN+P)-(30,

F1*IN+P-1) ,PSET,B

260 LINE(25,F2*IN+P)-(30,F2*IN+P

-1), PRESET, B

270 A*=INKEY$: IFA*=" A "THENF1=F1-

1ELSEIFA*=CHR* (10) THENF1=F1+1ELS

E I F A*=CHR* ( 9 ) THENF2=F2- 1 ELSE I FA*

=CHR* ( 1 2 > THENF2=F2+ 1 ELSE I FA*=CHR

*(13>THEN310

280 IFF1>ST THENF1=1ELSEIFF1<1 T

HENF1=ST

290 IFF2>ST THENF2=1ELSEIFF2< i T

HENF2=ST

300 G0T0230

310 TT=TT+1:D1=INT(TT/100) :D2=IN

T( (TT-D1*100>/10>:D3=TT-D2*10-D1

January 1984 Ihe RAINBOW 185

♦lOO: CCL0R2: LINE (O, 0> - (20, 90) , PS

ET , BF ; DRAW " SSBM4 , 6C3 " +NU* ( D 1 ) +NU

*(D2)+NU*(D3):B1=10+(F1-1)*IN:62

=10+ (F2-1 ) *IN: BET (36, 61 ) - (244, Bl

+IN-1 ) , SI : BET (36, B2) - (244, B2+IN-

1>,S2

320 PUT (36, SI > -(244, 61+IN-i ) , S2:

PUT (36, G2> - (244, G2+IN-1 ) ,S1 : PLAY

" T255L2504CDEFGAB6EC "

330 B3=0(F1>:D(F1>=0(F2>:0(F2)=B

3:F0RF=1T0ST:IF0(F)=F THENNEXT:B

DT0700: ELSE80T0230

340 DRAW M C4; BM42, 10; S20; B; R6j N; R

27fSl|DU0tlU3fRliEI|R3lFl|RlfEi

; R2; F2; El ; Rl ; E2t F2j R2; E2; F2; Rl ; E

2;F2;R2;E2;U1;H3;L1;B;M+3,5;D2;F

i;D2;Fl;Di;N;Dl;Rl;Fl;D7;6l;L2;U

7;N;El;Dl0;Bl;D2;Bl;Dl;Bl;Dl;Bl;

Dl;L25;Ul;Hl;Ul;Hi;Ul;Hl;U2;Hl;u

3;N;U7;L2SH1|U7;E1;R1JD1JNJFI

350 DRAW"U2;E1;U2;E1;UI":PAINT(1

50, 15), 1,4

360 DRAWBM42, 10; B;M+7, 12; D2; F2;

R5;E3;U1;H2;L1;L5;62;B;R4;d1;R2;

U1;H1;B1;D1":PAINT(102,70>,3,4:P

AINT(95,65),4,4

370 DRAW'B; R18: Ul ; R2; Dl ; Bl ; Hi ; Ul

; B; U2; R4; F2; D2; G2; L4; H3; Ul ; E2; R2

": PAINT (190, 75), 3, 4: PAINT (185, 72

),4,4

HHHHHHfflfflt

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Protector II Tape of Disk 529.95

Disk Omni Clone S3 US

Tape Omni Clone S23. 95

Sea Dragon (32K)S3D. 95

Ms Gobbler (32K)

Storm Arrow, Lancer (32K)

GatlaxAtlax. Lunar Rover (32K)

Ghost Gabbler , Whirly Bird Run

519.95 M.

Anteco Software
Pinball 524.95

*EI Bandilo & 'Cosmic Clones

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Super Pro Keyboard $67,95

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Moon Shuttle 1 32 K) $29.95

(Tape & disk)

Pooyan(32K) S29.95

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•Vikings. •Flight (32K) $16.95 ea.

Colo rkil Tape 529.70 Dish 533.95

Mailing Llsl (32«) £3is*rS*2-*5

Tee Oil. Adventure In Wonderland (32K)

Tape 521.20 ea. Disk S25.45 ea.

Adventure Int'l
f1reCop!er(l6K)S24.95

Available in Rom Pac

Pinball. 6 Ball 529.95 ea,

Ghost Gabbler, Katerpillar 525.95 ea.

Whirly Bird Run. Gal lax Attax 527.95 ea.

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Moon Hopper (3SK) 524.95

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•Donkey King (32K) S26.95
Katerpillar Attack $21.95

Space Shuttle (32K) $28.95

Trap Fall, Frog, Grabber (32K)

Buzzard Bait (32K), Cu-ber (32K1

527.95 ca.

n
8

380 CIRCLE (148, 100), 30, 4,. B, . 86,

.65

390 DRAWC3; BM42, 10; B; M+l 1 , 30; E3

;ri;ei;R9;fi;ri;F3;L2;hi;li;hi;l

8;6l;Ll;Bl;L3;C4

400 PAINT (140, 146) ,4,3

410 DRAWBM42, 10; B; M+9, 8; Fl ; R5; M

+2, 1 ; B; R9; M+2, -l ; R5; El "

420 RETURN

430 X=RND(205):Y=RND(168):SX=RND

(5) +5: SY=RND (5) +4: C=l

440 FBRF=1T020:X=X+SX:Y=Y+SY:C=C

+1: IFC=5THENC=1ELSEIFC=2THENC=3

450 COLORC

460 IFX>205THENX=205:SX=-SX:ELSE

IFX<OTHENX=0: SX=-SX

470 IFY>168THENY=168:SY=-SY:ELSE

IFY<OTHENY=0: SY=-SY

480 LINE(36+X,10+Y)-(36+(205-X),

I0+(170-Y)),PSET,B

490 NEXT

500 RETURN

510 DRAW"C3;BM42, 10;S20; B,"R1 1 ;N;

M-9,+10;ri4;m+b,5;m+3,5;m-is,-9;

m-16,+9;D3;gi;D6;fi;R2;U2;hi;U4;

hi ; B; m+2, s» F2; N; m+6, 10; M-6, +5; M+

6, 5; R26; M+8, -5; M-9, -4; N; M-5, +9; M

+3,-4;R2;n;ei;L2;U2;ei;U4;ei;fi;

N;D6;hi;U2"

520 DRAW'S; M-5, +2; Ul ; H2; L5; H2; Ul

;B;L5;Di;S2;L5;G2;Dl;B;F7;Dl;Fi;
ri;fi;R3;ei;ri;ei;ui;hi;li;hi;L3
;Gi;li;bi;b;H3;L2;hi;ui;E2;ri;ei
; r2; f3; b2; l4; b; r17;l6; h2; e3; r2; f
l;Rl;F2;Dl,-Gl;B;D3;M-7,+6;L5;M-8
,-6; m+6, 10;R9;m+5,-10"

530 CIRCLE (110, SO), 8, 4: CIRCLE (16

8, SO) ,8,4

540 PAINT(110,80),3,4:PAINT(168,

80), 3, 4: PAINT (100, 80), 4, 3: PAINT (

178, SO), 4, 3

550 PAINT (100, 50), 1,3

560 PAINT(140,140),4,3

570 RETURN

580 PCLS2:SCREEN1

590 DRAWC1BM42, 10; S20; B! R19; M-4

, 6; N; M-3, 1 ; M-6, -4; M-7, 8; M+7, -5; M

+3,2; M-8, 5; D13; M+6, 2; N; M+IO, 3; M+

4,6;Rll;M+5,-7;N;M-10,4;M+6,-3;U

12;M-10, -3; N; M-3, -2; E3; M+6, 3; M-6

,-6;M-6„4;M-4,-6

600 PAINT (80, 30), 3,1: PAINT (ISO, 3

0),3,1

610 DRAW"B;M+4, 10JM+5, l;M+2,4;L4

; M-3, -5; B; L7; M-4,5;L4; M+2, -4; M+6

,-l;B;D6;Fl;Dl;L2;Ul;El;B;R6;Fl;

di;L2;ui;ei;b;rio;m-s,7;m-9,2;m-

7,-4"

620 PAINT (100, 70) ,4,1: PAINT (170,

70),4,1

186

the RAINBOW January 1984

630 PAINT (120,95), 1,1: PAINT (152,

95), 1, 1

640 RETURN

650 PI=3. 1415926: F=RND (4) : IFF=2T

HEN650ELSEC0L0RF: Rl=40: R2=85: IA=

RND(20)+30

660 F0RF=-PI TOPI STEPPI/20: R1=R

1+1:X1=SIN(F)*R1:Y1=C0S(F)*R1:X2

=SIN (F-PI-IA) *R2: Y2=C0S (F-PI-IA)

*R2

670 LINE ( X 1+140, Yl+95) - (X2+140, Y

2+95>,PSET

680 NEXT

690 RETURN

700 PLAY " T 1 5L 1 505AD4 A03 A02 AO 1 FCD

EFGABQ2CDEFGAB03CDEFGAB04CDEFBAB

05CDEFGAB"

710 A*= I NKE Y* : I FA*= " " THEN7 1 OELSE

RUN

720 CLS : PR I NT " 1 NBTRUCT

ions "i :print:print m

IN THIS GAME, A PICTURE (CH
OSEN BY YOU) WILL BE SHUF- FLE
D UP INTO HORIZONTAL STICKS. YOU
R GOAL IS TO REARRANGE THEM SO
THAT THEY ARE ALL IN CORRECT ORD
ER."

730 G0SUB820

740 CLS: PR I NT: PR I NT" YOU CAN
CHOOSE BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT ST
ICK AMOUNTS, 34 OR 17. IF YOU
CHOOSE 34, THE STICKS WILL
BE THINNER.": PRINT: PRINT" TO
MOVE THE STICKS, MOVE THERED AND

GREEN POINTERS UP AND DOWN TO

TWO STICK LOCATIONS AND ";
750 PR I NT "PRESS < ENTER >. THE TW
STICKS WILL AUTOMATICALLY SWI
TCH POSI- TIONS."
760 G0SUB820

770 CLS: PRINT" TO MOVE THE RE
D POINTER, USETHE UP AND DOWN AR
ROW KEYS.": PR I NT" TO MOVE THE

GREEN POINTER, USE THE RIGHT A
RROW AND CLEAR KEYS. ": PRINT: PR
INT" THE BLUE NUMBER REPRESEN
TS THE NUMBER OF SWITCHES MADE
AND "5

780 PR I NT "THE RED NUMBER REPRESE
NTS THE NUMBER OF COMPUTER SHU
FFLES. "

790 PR I NT: PR I NT" AFTER YOU HA
VE COMPLETED THEPUZ2LE, PRESS AN
Y KEY TO PLAY A-GAIN. "
800 G0SUBB20
810 RETURN

820 PRINTS490, "HIT ANY KEY";
830 I F I NKE Y*= " " THEN830ELSERETURN
840 CLS: PR I NT "WHAT IS THE PICTUR
E ' S NAME " : I NPUTNA* : PR I NT : PR I NTNA

THE ORIGINAL cmfuter art wsrta

tlUaGf y&£ NEW SCUXN ITVIBLAT TECHNIQUE

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Be An Artist With Your COCO'

CONP-U-TRACE <IT INCLUDES:

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7 PAGE INSTRUCTION BOOKLET
UFTN HALL COMPASS

DEMO CASSETTE INCLUDING It
DIFFERENT GRAPHIC PKTURE5
FOB r»5-ao- [St EKT. BASIC

0* SCBEEN I-t LOCATION
GRAPH PROGRAM

IMPROVE SCALE • ;. IP ROVE -ORK ■ ' MCE ART -THEN =TOSAri •
CREATE ORIGINALS • DESIGN GAflE LAYOUT; i ARTISTIC
ABILITY NOT REQUIRED • WKS WITH ANY COMPUTES •
.1AKES GRAPHICS EASY • GREAT PERSPECTIVE AND 3-D
C-RAPH1CS 'OSS ISLE t LOTS OF ?UN • • -tahdt coif

<«>- Order- Froot:

AIL SfBIT P10EU"

PRnDurrianj5

-TRACE

t* kit

5 2RH5 S

OUtl Ot HO,\ET ORDEI

*LLQ* i TO i WtS, F4H QftlViUT
P>aiTPfciDUIJL ■ClL.ltl. iTir - ■'. „

333CIHBYWAY SUITE S3 flOSEVILLE, Cft. 93S7S [919, 7Hfl^757CJ

*" IS NOW BEING LOADED... " : CLOAD
MNA*: PR I NT: PR I NT" LOADING COMP
LETE . " : FORF= 1 T0460 : NE XT : RETURN
850 RETURN

Listing 2:

100 01D3

200 03E9

450 0546

END ...076C

1 * PICTURE MAKER

2 " BY STEPHEN LAI

3 ' <C) 1983
10 X=50: Y=50:C=4

20 PM0DE3, l:PCLS2: SCREEN 1,0

30 FGRF=10T0180STEP5:LINE(28,F>-

<32,F),PSET:NEXT

40 L I NE (34, 9) -(246, 179), PRESET, B

: LINE (2, 150>-(24, ISO) , PRESET, BF:

LINE (6, 154) - (20, 176) , PSET, BF

50 C*="BM10, io;n;rio;dis;R10":d*

="BM10,30;R6;F4;D7;G4iL6iU15":L*

= "BM10,50;D15;R10":P*="BM10,70iiR

6;F4;D2;G4;L6;N;U10;D10"

60 DRAWC* : DRAWD* : DRAWL* : DRAWP*

70 A*= I NKEY* : I FA*< " 5 " ORA* > " 9 " THE

N70

80 A=VAL(A*>

90 ON A-4 G0T0230, 330,440, 540, 66

January 1984 the RAINBOW 187

100 P1=PP0INT(X,Y):P2=PP0INT(X,Y

-1)

110 A*=INKEY*:PSET (X, Y, 5-F1 ) :PSE

T(X,Y-i,P2)

120 PSET(X,Y,P1):PSET(X,Y-1,P2)

130 IFA*=""THENilO

140 I F A* < ■ 5 " AND A* > " " THENC= V AL < A

*» ICDLQRC: LINE (6, 154) - (20, 176) , P

SET , BF

150 IFA*="Q"THENX=X-2:Y=Y-2ELSEI

FA*="A"THENX=X-2ELSEIFA*="Z"THEN

X=X-2:Y=Y+2ELSEIFA*="X"THENY=Y+2

ELSE I FA*= " C " THENX=X +2 : Y=Y+2ELSE I

F A*= " D ■ THENX - X +2ELSE I FA*= ■ E " THEN

X=X+2:Y=Y-2ELSEIFA*="W"THENY=Y-2

160 IFA*="U"THENX=X-5:Y=Y-5ELSEI

FA*="J"THENX=X-5ELSEIFA*="M"THEN

X=X-5: Y=Y+5ELSEIFA*=" , "THENY=Y+5

ELSEIFA*= M ."THENX=X+5:Y=Y+5ELSEI

FA*= ,, L"THENX=X+5ELSEIFA*="0"THEN

X-X+5: Y=Y-5ELSEIFA*=" I "THENY=Y-5

170 IFX<36THENX=36ELSEIFX>244THE

NX=244

180 IFY<10THENY=10ELSEIFY>178THE

NY=178

190 IFA*="R ,, ANDA=6THEN420

200 I F A=50R A >6THEN I F A*=CHR* ( 1 3 ) T

HENSOUNDiOO, 2: RETURN

KEYBOARD ' 'BEEPER 1 ' CARTRIDGE

[> ON BOARD SPEAKER

produces feedback, reducing entry errors

I> "IN-LINE" TRANSPARENT

or- Ion does not "use up" expansion capability

l> NO MODIFICATIONS

(hardware or software) to install or use

[> SWITCHED INTERRUPT LINE

allows power up into BASIC or game pack

[> POWER INDICATORS

monitor 5V, 12V and -|2V supplies

l> ACCESSIBLE RESET SWITCH

ends "feeling around" behind computer

ENG SYSTEMS
LABORATORIES

8203 SPRINGFIELD

VILLAGE DRIVE

SPRINGFIELD, VA

22152

COO

VISA

$59

.95

plus postage an-d handling

(703) 569 8660

SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED

210 IFA=6THENRETURN

220 SOTO 100

230 DRAW"C3"+C*

240 G0SUB100

250 X1=X:Y1=Y

260 PSET(X,Y,C2)

270 GOSUB100

280 X2=X:Y2=Y

290 S0UND200,2

300 R=SQR< <X2-X1> A 2+<Y2-Y1)^2):C

IRCLE<X1, YD ,R,C

310 DRAW"C4"+C*

320 60T070

330 DRAW"C3"+D*

340 LINE<X,Y)-<X,Y),PSET

350 X1=X:Y1=Y

360 G0SUB100

370 X2=X:Y2=Y

380 COLDRC

390 LINE<X1,Y1)-<X2,Y2>,PSET

400 X1=X2:Y1=Y2

410 60T0360

420 DRAW " C4 " +D* : S0UND50 , 2

430 S0TO7O

440 DRAW"C3"+L*

450 G0SUB100

460 X1=X:Y1=Y

470 PSET<X,Y,C2)

480 GOSUB100

490 COLDRC

500 LINE<X,Y)-(X1,Y1),P5ET

510 S0UND220,2

520 DRAW"C4"+L*

530 Q0TQ70

540 DRAW"C3"+P*

550 G0SUB100

560 CP=C

570 B0SUB100

580 CB=C

590 G0SUB100

600 C0LQRCB:LINE<34,9)-(246, 179)

,PSET,B

610 PAINT(X,Y>,CP,CB

620 LINE (34, 9) -(246, 179) , PRESET,

630 S0UND25,2

640 DRAW"C4"+PS

650 G0T070

660 C0L0R2: LINE <0, 0) - <256, 9> , PSE

T,BF:LINE(0,0)-(34, 192) ,PSET,BF:

LINE(256, 192)-(246,0) ,PSET,BF:LI

NE(256,192)-(0,179),PSET,BF

670 CLS SPRINT "WHAT IS THIS P'ICTU

RE * S NAME " : I NPUTN A* : PR I NT : PR I NT '*

POSITION THE TAPE AND

PRESS <ENTER>.";:LINEINPUTX*:LIN

E INPUT "PRESS PLAY AND RECORD ON

YOUR TAPE RECORDER AND PRESS <

ENTER >•■ ; A*: CSAVEMNA*, 1536, 7679, O

188

the RAINBOW January 1984

GRAPHICS

32K
DISK
ECB

E IHa
<ams>
3AINB0V

nR2?

No, Pie Are
- Round

By Dave Clements

, menu-driven BASIC program that plots a
"graph on the PMODE4 screen. The program is
designed for a 32K disk system and a C. Itoh{Prowri-
ter) printer. It is a little over 8K in length, is small enough to
fit into a 16K system, and can be easily modified to work
with a cassette, with or without a printer.
The program's salient features include:

1) Three methods of data entry, all menu-driven.

2) Option to save input data or plotted graph to disk (or
tape with appropriate program changes).

3) Prints title and/ or subtitle and input category labels on
the display. The titles arc automatically centered at the top
of the display and the main title can be enlarged to double-
sized print,

4) Option to include amounts and computed percentages
on the display.

5) Option to highlight any pie section,

6) Option of print and screen backgrounds (dark print on
light background or vice versa).

The input routines available are Manual, Auto, and
Saved Graph. The Manual mode is menu-driven and allows
you to input up to nine categories or labels and an associated

(Dave Clements has a master's degree in elect tonics
engineering and is a commander in U. S. Coast Guard.
He is presently chief of the Coast Guard's Lor an- C
Navigation Branch for the U.S. West Coast and
Pacific Ocean areas. He and his family live in Nova to.
Calif)

value or amount. For instance, following the data entry
screen prompts, you could key in FOOD, 320.00, UTILITY,
125.00. SAVINGS, 250.00, RENT, 465.00, etc. Each cate-
gory label is suppressed to the left eight characters and each
amount to six digits (including decimal) for screen printing.
Data entry is completed by simply pressing "Q" and/ or
[ENTER] anytime after the second label prompt. After the
ninth entry, the program will automatically exit the data
entry mode. Data correction and re-entry can be completed
simply by answering the DATA OK ( Y/ N)7 prompt with an
"N,"All prompt responses use an IN KEYS subroutine so an
[ENTER] is not required. The entered data can be saved if
desired. If data is saved, it can be recalled by selecting the
Auto data entry from the input menu. The Saved Graph
routine allows you to recall a graph that was previously
drawn and saved.

After data has been entered and verified or saved, the
program will query you about title size. After responding,
you will be asked to enter a title and subtitle (only uppercase
letters, numbers, %, /, and = are supported by the DRA W
strings}, and whether you want the amount and computed
percentage to be included on the plot. The title and subtitle
can be eliminated simply by pressing [ENTER] in response
to these prompts. After all prompts are answered, sit back
and watch the titles, labels, and graph being drawn on the
Hi-Res screen.

The pie sections are drawn in the same order as entered
with the first sector labeled "1 ."'The remaining sectors are in
clockwise order. If you desire to have all sectors labeled; ie,
1 . 2, 3, 4, etc., simply delete Line 1300. Due to the design of

January 1984 IheftAINBOW 189

^Qjjjgggg

Free T-Shirt to first 5 people
from each state who buy
tickets

L ONG BEA CH

The fun and excitement of RAINBOW-
fest is coming your way . , , and now there
will be a RAINBOWfest near you!

For the 1983-84 season, we've scheduled
four RAINBOWfests in four parts of the
country. Each one will offer fun, excite-
ment, new products, seminars and infor-
mation for your CoCo! And for those who
(perish the thought) don't like CoCo as
much as you, we've scheduled each RAIN-
BOWfest in an area that will provide fun
and enjoyment for the whole family.

Just look at this great lineup;

Long Beach, California — February 1 7-
19. What a way to get away from the winter
doldrums! And what better place than sun-
ny Southern California with thousands of
fellow CoCo owners! Fly with CoCo to the
sun for the winter. Top flight seminars will
draw on many local CoCo experts.

RAINBOWfest— Long Beach
DATES: Feb. 17—19, 1984
HOTEL: Hyatt Regency, Long Beach
ROOMS: $59 per night single/double
KEYNOTE: Bob Albrecht

It's a holiday weekend, too — so take Mon-
day off and tour Disneyland, Universal
Studios. Marineland, the Queen Mary and
Hollywood!

New Brunswick, New Jersey — March 30-
Aprll 1

RAINBOWfest comes to the populous north-
east! It's a close drive from New York, Boston,
Philadelphia,, Washington, Baltimore and
Long Island.

Chicago — June 22— 24. We'll play RAIN-
BOWfest again, CoCo! This is the site of
CoCo's very first show this spring. And
right next to the world's largest indoor
Shopping mall.

Every show will be held at a Hyatt-
Regency Hotel and all will be offering spe-
cial rates for RAINBOWfest. Every show
will open at 7—10 p.m. Friday, run 10

RAINBOWfest— New Brunswick, N.J.
DATES: March 30— April 1
HOTEL: Hyatt Regency New Brunswick
ROOMS: $59 per night single/double
KEYNOTE: To Be Announced

Advance Ticket Deadline: Feb. 13, 1984 Advance Ticket Deadline: March 23, 1984

Walter Taxi service avail, from the hotel to the Queen Mary.

a.m.— 6 p.m. Saturday and close with an 11
a.m.— 4 p.m. session Sunday. Each will
have a CoCo Community Breakfast featur-
ing an outstanding national speaker from
theColorComputerWorld. And each exhi-
bition will be interspaced with a number of
seminar sessions on all aspects of CoCo
— from writing in machine language to
making your basic work better.

But most of all, there will be exhibitors.
Lots of them. All ready to demonstrate
products of every kind. Some with special
programs and hardware items to intro-
duce. Others with show specials.

Tickets can be secured directly from the
Rainbow. We'll also send you a special res-
ervation form so you can get your special
room rate.

Come to RAINBOWfest . . . help us all
celebrate CoCo Community at its finest!

RAINBOWfest— Chicago
DATES: June 22— 24, 1984
HOTEL: Hyatt Regency Woodfield
ROOMS: $46 per night single/double
KEYNOTE: To Be Announced

AdvanceTicket Deadline: June 18, 1984

FREE RAINBOW

POSTER For

First 200 Tickets Ordered.

Make checks payable to:
(he Rainbow

MAIL TO:
RAINBOWfest
P.O. BOX 209
Prospect, KY 40059

YES, I'm coming to RAINBOWfest in

D— Long Beach
Please send me:

. three day tickets at $8 each total _

.one day tickets at $6 each total

- breakfast tickets at $1 1 each total _

n — New Brunswick

D— Chicago.

Handling Charge $1.00
TOTAL ENCLOSED (U.S. FUNDS ONLY, PLEASE) $

—Also send me a hotel reservation card for:

D— Long Beach □ — New Brunswick D— Chicago

NAME (please print) _

STREET & NUMBER

CITY & STATE

TELEPHONE

COMPANY

-ZIPCODE_

Orders sent less than two weeks prior to show opening will be held for you at the door.
VISA, MasterCharge, American Express accepted.

My Account H Ex. Date:

Signature . .

RAINBOWfest Long Beach

Seminar Program And Speakers

Don Inman Using And Teaching LOGO

Don is one of the most respected names in the Color Computer field
and an expert on graphic techniques in both BASIC and assembly
language. His Using Graphics column appears monthly in the
Rainbow.

Phil Kitchen Radio Shack Software Support

Manager of Software Support for Radio Shack, Phil will explain how
the Tandy third party software support program works and answer
questions about how Radio Shack can be of assistance to authors.

Paul Searby Software Theft

Martin Goodman

A panel discussion of one of the most important issues in the CoCo
field with Mr. Searby of Computerware and Dr. Goodman of Cheshire
Cat Software.

Linda Nielsen Women's Programs

Linda, of Moreton Bay Laboratory, and several others active in the
CoCo area, will lead a discussion on women's involvement in com-
puting in general and the Color Computer in particular. Theme of the
program: It's Not A Man's World.

For women and men who view computers mainly as an annoyance, a
special seminar is planned on the general topic How To Live With A
Computer At Home.

Bill Nolan Fantasy Gaming And CoCo

DungeonMaster, programmer and Rainbow Columnist, Bill has
developed a complete Dungeons and Dragons program for CoCo.

Tom Nelson Start Your Own Software Business

Tom is a Rainbow columnist and one of the owners of Nelson Software
Systems.

The Dragons of Menlo Park Open Forum

Members of the Dymax group— including Bob Albrecht, Don and Kurt
Inman— and a host of others— will conduct a "laidback California"
open discussion on software and book authorship.

Jim Reed Writing For Rainbow

Jim, Managing Editor of the Rainbow, will talk about how you can
submit programs and articles to magazines for fun and profit.

AND: A special session on assembly language programming . . .
and more to be announced later.

PLUS ■ . ■ RAINBOWfest's "CoCo Community"
Breakfast featuring Bob Albrecht, Popular
Author and RAINBOW columnist

Additional seminars are planned as well. Admission to all seminars is at no charge. See registration form for
admission prices to exhibit area and breakfast.

COME TO RAINBOWfest LONG BEACH — IN SUNNY SOUTHERN

CALIFORNIA

ARDWARE & PROGRAMS

We carry products
from many manufacturers.
If you don't see it, ask.

JARB

SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

1636 D Avenue, Suite C
National City, CA 92050

BBS {619) 474-8981 VOICE (619) 474-8982

SATURN
SOFTWARE

SPLC-1

Lower Case For The
COLOR COMPUTER and TDP-100

HAIN80W

• True lower case characters.

• Fully assembled, tested and
guaranteed for 90 days

• No cutting or soldering

• The SPLC-1 is fully
compatible with ail
TRS-80C

• Inverted video at a flip
of a switch

• Installation wilt void the Radio
Shack warranty.

$59.95 "Wi

RAINBOW
CU>£»»» L CINT

Lower case interpreter program allows in-
put of lower case command words to be
accepted, Also allows for one key pause
features and single step through lis lings.
With instructions and cassette, disk com-
patible $10.95

U.S FUNDS ONLY

C.O.D. ORDERS ACCEPTED

Sorry, no C.O.D. on printers

monitors.

NO CREDIT CARD ORDERS

and

MONITORS

BMC MEDIUM-RES

12" Green Screen $ 89.95

1 3" color w/ sound $303.95

COMHEX HI-RES

12" Green Screen 164.95

12" Yellow Screen 169,95

12" Amber Screen 174.95

VIDEO PLUS

(by Computerware)

This unit will allow you to bring the com-
posite video signal out of the computer to
any monitor, color or monochrome.
Sound output is also provided. No solder-
ing or holes to cut. Easy installation in-
structions are provided $24.95

MEMORY UPGRADE KITS

X6K RAM CHIPS 1 .50 ea.

•I6K/32K

Eight 200 NS Factory Prime Chips with
Piggy Backed Sockets, Sam Socket, Bus
Wire. Comprehensive Instructions.
Recommended for "D" or earlier, but may
be used on "E", Only 9 simple solder con-
nections to kit. None to computer. $25.95

*64K RAM CHIPS

Eight 200 NS Factory Prime 64K RAM
Chips. Allows you to upgrade "E" board
easily. No soldering needed $69.95

NOTE: 64K upgrade will NOT provide
64K of user Ram, but allows later revision
boards {E, ET> to run cooler and more ef-
ficiently.

'Installation of these items will void the
Radio Shack warranty. Radio Shack is a
trademark of the Tandy Corp.

DATABASE / MAILER
LETTER WRITER

ayEVS

Tape version doesn't require EXT. Basic.
CC-DBM/CC-LW $49.95

All programs warrantied 60 days
from date of purchase to original
purchaser.

I*, tkrii 1 Lin^tl

JAM uFhmt. Ml

A truly realistic and interesting golf
simulation in hi-res graphics. Each game
is different as the fairways are randomly
generated. Up to four players can play at
a lime, and one joystick is required. RED-
WOOD GOLF is an easy to learn, yet
challenging simulation for all ages. On
cassette for 32K EXT $24,95

JARR DISK DOUBLER

Why spend twice as much as you need to
for double sided diskettes? With our
doubler, you can make your own and pay
for it with the first box you double, A
must for disk drive users,
5'/«"sizeonly ,. 12,95

BASF DATA CASSETTES
C-OS C-XO

1-10 ,60ea. .65ea.

11-20 .55 ca. .60 ea.

Soft Poly Cases Ea. $.20

Hard Shelled Cases Ea. $.22

Cassette Labels (12) Sh. $.36

Cassette Labels Tractor (1000) .... $ 21 .95

FOR SERIOUS APPLICATIONS!

Telcwriier-64(Cognitec) 49.95 Cass. 59 .93 Disk

Coco- Writer (Morcton Bay) 34.95

File Cabnet (Moreton Bay) 29.95

Report (Moreton Bay) , 24.95

Color Diagnostic (Computerware) 17.95

Programmers Toolkit (Moreton Bay) 28.95

PRINTERS AND
ACCESSORIES

EPSON RX-80 $449.00

EPSON RX-80-FT $525.00

EPSON FX-80 $575.00

COMREX COMRITER CR-1C. . $722.00
BOTEK PARALLEL

INTERFACE $ 69.95

COCO
PRINTER PACKAGES

includes printer <£ Botek interface

EPSON FX-80 $635.00

COMREX CR-1C $783.00

the characters you may have to change the radius value in
the CIRCLE command in Line 1310 as this determines the
starting screen position for each execution of the DRA W
routine. Values between 50 and 60 will place the number
inside the pie, whereas numbers greater than 78 will place
them outside. Both locations create minor problems. "Inside"
numbers could be erased by the highlighting option or con-
flict with the sector plot on small sectors. "Outside" numbers
may conflict with the labels or be near the edge, or off, the
screen.

After the graph is completed it will remain displayed until
any key (except the [BREAK], [CLEAR], or [SHIFT]) is
depressed. After depressing any key, you will be asked to
respond to another series of options. These include high-
lighting sections of the pie, saving the graph, and printing a
hard copy on your printer. The screen print program 1 use,
GSPRP, is an excellent one from Custom Software Engi-
neering, Inc. that permits several options such as copy size
and position on the paper. Ifyouanswer"Y"to the "WANT
HARD COPY (Y/N)?" prompt you will be presented with
questions peculiar to the GSPRP program.

When the hard copy is completed, or after you answer "N"
to the prompt, "FINISHED?" will appear on the text screen.
A "Y" response will clear the screen and return the OK
prompt and flashing cursor. An "N" response will display a
reverse print and background question. Another "N" simply
returns to the Data Input Menu, whereas a "Y" to this
question will change future screen displays before returning
you to the Data Input Menu.

The program contains limited error trapping. All file
names are suppressed to eight characters; pressing "Q" after
entering the "Auto" data entry, "Save Data" or "Save
Graph" routines will return you to the Data Entry Menu or
to the next line in the program (as if you did not select that
particular option). Program layout is shown below.

Program Summary

Lines 1-7
Lines 10-70

Line 40
Lines 100-120
Line 168
Lines 190-200
Lines 210-370
Lines 400-500
Lines 570-990

Lines 1040-1120

Lines 1 150-1230

Lines 1260-1340

Lines 1370-1460

Lines 1490-1510
Line 1540
Lines 1570-1680
Line 1690
Line 1700

Program credits
Opening logo, load ML screen
dump, and D/Mension
Hi-Res text drawing routine
Auto data input
Saved graph input
Print and background selection
Menu and Data input
Pie graph plot routine
DRA W strings for letters, num-
bers and special characters
Screen format prompts; title,
subtitle and label printing
Prompts for screen labels,
amounts, and percentages
Locates center of pie slices for
highlighting routine
Selection and painting of high-
lighted sectors
Data save routine
Graph save routine
Printer copy routines
PCLEAR
Data for opening logo border

Lines 1570-1680 must be deleted or changed to accommo-
date your printer and screen print routine. If these lines are
deleted, you must also change GOTO50 to GOTO60 in Line
30.

For a 16K system, change & H7 in Lines 10, 50, and 1640
to&H3 (or to memory locations for your particular screen
print routine requirements). To conserve space, all lines that
do not end in 5 or can also be deleted.

For a cassette system change:

Lines 50, 160, 1610
Lines 110, 1490
Lines 120, 1510

Lines 1500:
Lines 1540:

LOADM to CLOADM

#1 to #-1

#1 to#-l and add #- 1 after

WRIT E#l to PRINTS- 1

SAVEM to CSAVEM

If you have the screen dump program GSPRP and
cassette system, there is one instance where you would have
to reload GSPRP. This occurs if you have printed a full-
page (double-sized) hard copy then want a regular-sized
print. When you do this, GSPRP is reloaded in Line 1610;
therefore, your tape must be repositioned. Appropriate
prompts should also be placed in the above lines to remind
you to position the tape, press play and record, etc. I'll leave
these to your preference.

Drawing speed on the high resolution screen has been
increased by the POKE 65495,0 command. If your system
cannot operate in the fast mode then POKEs should be
removed from Lines 410, 1090, and 1390.

For those of you who want a copy of Piegraph and don't
get Rainbow On Tape or don't want to key in the program,
send me $5 and I will send a copy on disk (or tape if
requested), less the screen print machine language program.

I've enjoyed developing this program. It should be error-
free, but if you have any problems or want to suggest
improvements please contact me. Please feel free to experi-
ment and modify the program for your specific needs.

. 01 CE

1038 .

. . OF40

200..

. , 0451

1148 .

..11BE

398..

. . 06B2

1369 .

. .141D

569..

. . 08F5

1540 .

. .169C

770..

. . 0C24

END .

. . 196C

3
4
5

6
7

1 #*•**■*#**#£*#**#***##**■******

Program changes to accommodate systems configured
differently are described in the following paragraphs.
If you do not have a C. Itoh printer. Lines 50, 520, and

DAVID CLEMENTS
1099 ROSALIA DRIVE
NOVATO, CA 94947

(415) 897-8342

10 CLEAR300,&H7D65:FORKIOfcH7D&S

to &h7DBB:readxx:pokekk,xx:nextk
k: p0ke346, 201 : defu8r0-&h7d65 ! got

030

20 IK«-INKEY»: IFIK*«""THEN20ELSE

RETURN

30 CLS<3):PRINTffl235, "pi« graph "|

: POKE 1024+238, 128: X J-USRO ( XJ > : FO

RZ2-1TOSOO: NEXT: 80TD30

38 '

39 'DRAW HI -RES TEXT

January 1984 the RAINBOW 193

• COLOR COMPUTER WORKSHEET *

WOW . . . The worksheet calculator program you've
been waiting for is waiting to work for you.
ELITE'CALC is a powerful, full featured worksheet
calculator designed especially for the Color Com-
puter. Answer "what if" questions, prepare reports.

maintain records and perform other tasks that, until
now. required sophisticated business computers.
ELITE* CALC is a serious tool for those who want to
do more than play games with their Color Computer.

Features include:

■ Single character commands

■ Help Displays

■ Enter text or formulas to 255
characters iong

■ Repeal text entries

■ 255 maximum rows

■ 255 maximum columns

■ Available memory always displayed

■ Rapid Entry modes for text and
data

■ Selectable Automatic Cursor
movement

■ Insert. Delete. Move entire rows or
columns

■ Replicate one cell to fill a row or
column with selectable formula
adjustment

■ All machine language for speed

■ Extended BASIC required for ROM
routine calls

■ Automalic memory size detection
for I6K. 32K or 64K

• >20K bytes, storage available in
32K systems

■ BASIC style formulas

■ Math Operators: + ,- ,X./, !,(,).=

• Relation Operators:
=,>,<,< = ,> = ,< >

" Logic Operations: AND. OR, NOT

■ Conditional Formula IF
THEN ... ELSE

■ Trig Functions: SIN. COS, TAN.

ATN

£lite JtoAturate

• EASY TO USE

• INDIVIDUAL CELL FORMULAS

• COPY BLOCKS OF CELLS

• FULL CELL-EDIT CAPABILITY

• COMPATIBLE WITH ALL PRINTERS

• EASY 132 COLUMN PAGE WIDTH

• CHANGEABLE BAUD RATES

• GRAPH FORMAT FOR BAR CHARTS

• SORT IN ASCENDING OR DESCENDING
ORDER

• COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL INCLUDED

• NATIONWIDE USER GROUP

• HANDSOME VINYL BINDER

THE BEST FOR ONLY

$5995

specify: Disk or Tape

— Shipping from stock NOW

- Dealer Inquiries invited.
Add $2 Postage & Handling
PA residents add 6% sales tax

Log Functions: LOG. EXP. SQR.

Misc. Functions: INT, FX. ABS,

SGN

Range Functions: SUM, AVERAGE,

COUNT, MIN, MAX, LOOKUP

Nine digit precision

Definable constant fable

User definable printer set-up

commands

Individual column width settings

Adjustable row height to insert

blank lines without wasting

memory

Hide columns or rows

Alternate print font selectable on

cell by cell basis

Display/Print formats set by cell,

row, or column

Dollar format, comma grouping;

prefix or postfix sign

Scientific notation, fixed point and

integer formats

Left and Right cell contents

justification

Full page formatting

All formats stored with worksheet

on disk(tape)

Save & Load Disk(tape) files in

compact memory form

Scan disk directories

Output ASCII file for word

processor input compatibility

Memory resident code ... no

repeated disk calls

Sample worksheets included

Box 11224 • Pittsburgh, PA 15238 • (412)795-8492

I'McotorCiM)

^54

"Elite * Cafe is a great spread-
sheet program ! This profes-
sional quality program has the " Trul Y ° ne of the best
performance required for seri- programs f have seen. "
ous home applications as well jQhn ^ M}crQ
as small businesses.

Stuart Hawkinson. Rainbow

"Bruce Cooks Elite *Calc

„,_,.,_ „ , . is a very fine program in-

"Elite * Ca/c is an ex- . , '"/,.*

, . deed; potentially one of

tremely powerful work- „. . _ . _

, „ the great Color Computer

Programs." "... a very
Jack Lane, Color Micro Journal impressive product «

Scoff L. Norman, Hot C0C0

* COLOR COMPUTER WORD PROCESSOR *

THE SECOND GENERATION WORD PROCESSOR
IS NOW . . . ELITE»WORD has many new features
not found in other word processors for the Color
Computer. ELITE*WORD is an all machine
language, high performance, Full Screen Editor

MAJOR Features include:

• ALL Machine Language for speed

Handsome Vinyl Binder

Comprehensive Manual Included

User Friendly (really)

Top screen line reserved for

command prompts, HELP

messages, and status information

Two text entry modes: Insert and

Exchange

which offers an ease of use that is simply incredi-
ble. ELITE*WORDaiso offers a printed output flex-
ibility that can handle your sophisticated home
and business applications. ELITE m WORD is wait-
ing to work for you.

Delete character under cursor

Backspace and delete one

character

Delete entire screen line

Rewrite entire screen

Page Forward through text

Page Backward through text

Mark present line for automatic

centering on output

Insert new text (Insert mode)

Type over old text (Exchange mode)

Screen Display is 32x19 in normal

text editing modes

Screen Display is High-Res 64x19

when used to display final text;

including page breaks and

justification

Screen Display in all modes is true

Upper/Lower case characters with

descenders

Over 13.5K file size in 32K

machines

Continuous memory display

Save text file (disk or tape)

Load text file (disk or tape)

All I/O errors trapped and

recoverable

Jump to beginning or end of text

Find any string of characters in text

Global replacement of one string in

text for another

* True block -text Move command
» Smooth cursor movement over

text in any direction (including
vertical)

• Smooth screen scroll for easier
proof reading

» Auto Key-Repeat will auto-
matically repeat any key that is
held down

» Easy generation of ASCII files

» VIEW function permits high-res
screen display of final text before
it's printed; including right-side
justification and page breaks

t VARIABLE TEXT MERGE allows
for generation of standard form
type letters that appear to be
personalty prepared for each
reader

» INCLUDE feature (disk only)
permits the inclusion of many
other files within one large
document. Total document will
have sequential page numbering

» From the same minds that brought
you ELITE* CALC

THE BEST FOR ONLY

$5995

Specify Disk or Tape

— Shipping from stock NOW

— Dealer Inquiries Invited.
Add $2 Postage & Handling
PA residents add 6% sales tax

'MtaorCod

X_^

• Type ahead keyboard buffer
NEVER misses a character

• Optional screen display of all
carriage returns' <cr>

• Fast Disk I/O . . . No loading of
overlay files to slow program
operation

• User HELP display available

• Automatic screen Word -Wrap;
even while inserting new text

» Block-text move, copy or delete

■ Display/Change default disk drive
number (disk only)

■ Display disk directory (disk only)

■ Display Free disk space available

■ Software remembers last file name
Saved or Loaded and will write to
that file by default if desired

■ Dynamic margin changes within text

■ Select Top margin, Bottom margin,
and Page length

■ Choose number of duplicate copies

■ Page Pause, for single sheet users,
if desired

■ Optional page numbering begins
with any selected page number

■ Printer Font codes are user
definable

■ All printer format options may be
changed dynamically within text

■ Any string of HEX characters may
be imbedded within text to send any
special control codes to your
printer

■ An Eject (top of form) command
may be inserted within text

■ Variable Text Merge symbols may
be inserted anywhere within text

■ All machine language; 32K and
Extended Basic required for ROM-
call routines

Box 11 224 • Pittsburgh, PA 15238 • (412)795-8492

From the creators of: zaksund • COLOR textset i • color textset it

GALACTIC FORCE • TEXT EDITOR • PARTY PAK • COLOR MONITOR • TREK-16 • WARKINGS

DISK & TAPE COPY * ANIMALS • BODYPARTS • TAPE COPY and many other tine programs

40 FOR X1-1T0 LEN<X*):Y1-ASC(MID

* ( X*, X I , 1 > > -32: DRAWXL* ( Yi > I " : NE

XT: RETURN

50 LOADM " BBPRP " : DEFUSR 1 «*H7D90 : D

EFUSR2-&H7D92

60 GOTO 1690

70 DIML*<60),F(10>,AU0>,B<10>,P

< 10> , PT (10) : cc-o: QOTOS70

9B '

99 ' INPUT PREVIOUS SAVED DATA

100 CLS: INPUT "DATA FILE NAME"|NF
•: IFNF*«"G"THEN210 ELSE NF«-LEFT

*<NF*,a>

110 0PEN"I",#1,NF«:INPUT#1 P I,SUM

120 FOR KK-1T0 1-1: INPUTtl ,F*(KK

) P F(KK>: NEXT: CLOSE

130 B0T0340

15S ■

159 ■ INPUT SAVED GRAPH

160 CLS:INPUT"SRAPH NAME"IFI*: IF
FI*«"Q"THEN210 ELSE FI*-LEFT*<FI
* p 8> : LGADMFI*: SCREEN1 , 0: 80SUB20:
Q0TO520

IBS *

1B9 » SCREEN BACKGROUND SELECT I O

190 CLS: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT" DO Y

OU WANT LIGHT PRINT ON

DARK BACKGROUND OR
DARK PRINT ON
LIGHT BACKGROUND?- : PRINT: PR INT"
PRINT TYPE? <D>ARK OR <L>IGHT":

SOUND 140,1: 80SUB20

200 IFIK*« , 'D"THEN PR-0:BG-1 ELSE
PR»l:BG-0

210 CLS:PRINTa72,"DATA ENTRY MOD

ES" : PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: PRINTTABU

0) "<M>ANUAL" : PRINTTAB ( 10> "< A>UTO

" : PR I NTT AB ( 1 > " < S >AVED GRAPH " : SO

UND140, l:60SUB20

220 IFIK*-"M"THENQ0T0260ELSE IFI

K»-"A"THENGOT0100ELSE IFIK*-"S"T

HENG0T0160

230 CLS: PR I NT "MUST CHOOSE AVAILA

BLE 0PTION":S0UND5 f 3:F0RZZ-lT0B0

O:NEXT:GOT0210

25B '

259

260

270

260

290

300

'DATA INPUT

CLS:I-0:SUMF-O

I-I+l: IFI>9THEN340

INPUT "DESIRED LABEL "(F*

F* ( I ) -LEFT* (F*

IFF«(I)-""ORF*(I>-"Q"AND I>1
THEN340

310 INPUT"AMOUNT/VALUE "|F
320 SUMF-SUMF+F ( I)
330 G0T0270

FILMASTP

The Color Computer has a powerful ally in FILMASTR. This is a DATA
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM that you can trust. FILMASTR combines
the best features of the big systems to provide a combination of
speed, power, and ease of operation that can't be beat.
YOU are in complete control of this friendly program with no program-
ming knowledge required. You design the data screen with up to 20
fields by moving the cursor on screen with the arrow keys and typing
in the field names. FILMASTR takes care of all of the rest.
Enter data by just filling in the blanks. This form fill-in is easy and
natural to use. You can even copy data from the previous record with
one key-stroke. Add records, delete records, change records without
fuss.

Tell FILMASTR to sort your file on any field that you want or to re-
trieve a particular record and the job is done with super-human
machine language speed. FILMASTR will find a single record or a group
of records that meet your request and will save those records as a
separate file if you want to.

Controlled printing formats? Of course! Tell FILMASTR which records
to use, which fields to print and in what order. You can control the
print location to any position on the page. Mailing labels? You bet!
All commands are given to FILMASTR with single keystrokes. Press
the HELP key [BREAK], and the available commands are displayed.
Make your choice from the menu and let FILMASTR do the work.
FILMASTR can store up to 255 characters in each record and up to
24,000 characters in each file, t.9000 with 16K).

FILMASTR

RAINBOW

CtHTIFKAflQH
Mil

1SK or 32K TAPE $29.95

EXT BASIC DISK $34.95

AMDISK $39.95

Add $2.00 Postage & Handling

C.Q.D. $2.00 Additional

PA Residents Add 6% Tax

P^m

THE
COMPUTER

Box 1051 • DuBois, PA* 15801
Phone CB14) 371-4658

the RAINBOW January 1984

340 CLS:F0RK-iT0 1-1 :P<K)-F<K) /8
UMF:PRINTF«(K>|TAB<10>F<K>|TAB(2
0) I :PRINTUSINB".##"|P<K> :NEXT
350 PRINT: PRINT" DATA OK (Y/

N> ?" : SOUND 140, 1 : S0SUB20
360 IFIK*»"N"THENQ0TD260
370 CLS : PR I NT : PR I NTT AB ( 3 ) ■ SAVE I
NPUT DATA <Y/N) ?": SOUND! 40, 1: 80S
UB20: IFIK*-"Y"Q0SUB1490

398 *

399 'PIE6RAPH PLOT

400 PM0DE4,l: COLOR PR , BQ : PCLS : 80
SUB 1040

410 P0KE&5493,0:CP-0

420 LINE(153, tl5>-<78,115>,PSET

430 FORK-OTO 1-2

440 CP«CP+P<K+1>

445 IFK-I-2 AND ABSU.O-CPX .005

THEN CP-1.0

430 CIRCLE (78, 115>, 73, PR,. 93,0, C

P; S-PEEK < 190) : E-PEEK (192)

460 LINE(S,E>-(78, 115>,PSET

470 NEXT

480 P0KE65494,0

490 B0SUB20:0OSUB137O

500 SCREEN 1 , O: B0SUB20

510 CLS: PRINT: PRINTTAB (7) "SAVE

RAPH7 " : SOUND 140,1: QOSUB20 : I F I K«-

" Y " THEN80SUB 1 540

520 CLS: PR I NT: PRINTTAB (8) "WANT H

ARD COPY? " I SOUND 1 40 , 1 : 80SUB20 : I F

I K*= " Y " THEN80SUB 1 370

530 CLS: PRINT: PRINTTAB ( 1 1 J "FINIS

HED?" : SOUND 140, 1 : 60SUB20: IFIK*«"

Y"THENCLS:END

540 CLS". PR I NT "WANT TO REVERSE PR

INT AND BACK- 8R0UND (Y/N)?":SOU

ND 1 40 , 1 : 60SUB20 : I F I K*= " Y " THEN TE

-PR:PR»B8!B8=»TE:80T0210 ELSE BOT

0210568 '

569 * LTRS 8c NUMBERS

570 L* ( 33 ) - " BM+ 1 , 0U4E2R 1 F2D4BL3B
U2R2BD2BR3"

580 L* <5> -"BM+1 , 0E6BL5D1R1U1L1BF

5DlLlUlRlBDlBR3"'y.

590 L*<34>-"BM+2,OU6BLlR3FlD181L

1R1F1D181L3BR7"

600 L*(15>-"NE6BR7 ,, '/

610 L*<35)»"BM+3,-3HlL2BlD4FlR2E

1BD1BR3"

620 L* ( 29 ) = " BM+ 1 , 0BU2R3BU2L3BD4B

R7"'-

630 L» < 36 ) - " BM+ 1 , 0U6R2F2D282L3BR

640 L* ( 37 > - " BM+5 , 0L4U6R4BD3BL2L 1

BD3BR6"

650 L* ( 38 > - " BM+ 1 , 0U6R4BD3BL2L 1 BD

3BR6"

660 L* ( 39 > = " BM+5 , -5H 1 L2Q 1 D4F 1 R3U

GRAPHIC MATH
ADVENTURE $21.95

FASTER & BETTER

Challenging Adventure' Fully player selectable gp iq 300 "room ' Search lor ijea&ure on

land, on fiver, and mthcHabyrinth of caves Your search is blocked by many obstacles whtch
can tie overcome by correctly answering malh problems Any oneoralllourfunchonst + .x,
— . I ) can be selected to add varieiy 24 skill levels make Ihe game challenging far an ages.
32K EXT BASIC Required Version 1 2 NOW AVAILABLE

BACKUP MASTER/

GRAPHIC MONITOR $29.95

SUPER powerful UTILITY allows backups to be made of mosl programs —

cassette, disk, even ROM based!!

* Over rides all software auloslari mechanisms

* Fully relocaiable - will not mlerlere wtth any program

* Capable of reading many lapes which BASIC can'l

64K USERS have exlra power

* Modify BASIC lo 9U1l your needs

* Save copies of BASIC. Exl BASIC. Disk BASIC, eic

* Pun address dependenl ROMS from RAM

RAINBOW

Alio:

SPELLING MASTER

$14.95 MATH MASTER $14.95

Conquer spelling Learn Ihe words you
have irouhle with User input unlimited
number of words Good for weekly spell-
ing lists SAMPLE list provided
16K EXTBASJC cassette

lor both

Learn Basjc Mplh Facts . ■ . *. — ) and
counting rou lines Malh drill lor speed
Maih lutor leaches with graphics
MATH DRILL Non-EXT BASIC 58 95
MATH TUTOR 16K EXT BASIC SB 95

CONCENTRATION $6.95

40 blocks hide 20 patterns Pit your memory skills against your friends Two
players Non-EXT BASIC casselle

15%

off

ALL

SPECTRAL ASSOCIATES"
SOFTWARE

LANCER

-S+OT

21 20

GAME PACK III

.12*5"

15.25

STORM ARROWS

-5'4.'§5*

21.20

PICKWHICH

J345"

11 00

WHIRL YBIRD RUN

-e-rs?

21.20

SPACE CHESS

J^9T

15 25

CUBtX

J*4t

21 20

KEYS OF THE WIZARD

i±&r

18.65

ALPHA SEARCH

.jaw

16.95

LOTHARS LABRYNTh

li&r

15.25

MS GOBBLER

*wsr

21.20

LEMANS

J*9T

15.25

OHOST GOBBLER

,2*W

20 35

COLOHOUT

i*er

ii oo

SPACE SENTRY

_4*ST

16 10

CCTHELLO

ites -

15.25

TRILOGY

■fKST 45.00

COSMIC SUPER BOWL

JAfSr

1.5 25

COLOa COSMIC INVADERS aft«S^ 17.80

SPACE TRADERS

jies*

15.25

SPACE RACE

■J**$5

21.20

YAHTCC

iiST

10.15

SPACE WAR

JZHSS

21 20

ALCATRAZ II

J>W

10.15

GALAX ATTAX

J2MS

21 20

GEOGRAPHY PAC

2um-

29.70

DEFENSE

JJr&T

21.20

TYPING TUT OH

Zk&T

20.35

PLANET INVASION

JA&S

21 20

FLEXPLUS DOS

12&S

62.00

PIGGY

J24G

11.00

ULTRA BOC

ifrW

45.00

COLOFZAP

J*K

15.25

COMPU VOICE

32-93*

32.25

DESERT GOLF

J*«ff

10.15

SOUND SOURCE

jms*

23.75

C-TREK

J*95"

10 15

GRAPHICS N TEXT

23-W

20.35

GAME PAC 1

a**?

1525

DISASSEMBLER

JJffW

1535

GAME PAC II

J*S5"

11.00

Gameboard Pac

$6.95

Contains three hi-res gameboards: checkers.
Othello and Penti,

PROGRAMMERS —

We pay highest royalties — write for
details.

Jt££RB[iLL

Software Factory

1333 Morgan Road
Bremerton, WA 98312

Dealer & Author inquiries invited

(206) 377-1694 white for free catalog
Add S3 Shipping — No COD

January 19S4 the RAINBOW 197

2L1R3BR3BD2"

670 L*<40>- ,, BM+l,OU6BR4D6BL3BU3R

3BR4BD3"

680 L«(41)-"BM+5

690 L*(42>-"BM+1

BR3"

700 L*<43)«"BM+1

710 L*<44)-"BM+1

720 L*<45)-"BM+1

D6BR3"

730 L*<46)»"BM+1

D6BR3"

740 L*<47>«"BM+3

2BR4"

730 L»<4B)-"BM+1

6BD3"

760 L*<49)«"BM+3

2F2BE2"

770 L*(50)»"BM+1

D1F2BR3"

7B0 L*(51)-"BM+1

1BD5BR3"

790 L*<52)-"BM+3

800 L*<53)»"BM+1

BR3"

810 L*(54>»"BM+I

820 L*(55)«"BM+1

1U6D6BR3"

B30 L«<56)«"8M+1

1BR3"

840 L*<57)="BM+1

D6BR2"

B50 L*<5B)-"BM+1

B60 L* ( ) - " BM+ 1 , 0BR7 "

870 L*C14)«"BM+2

880 L*U7)«"8N+2

890 L»(18)="BM+1

1R4BR3"

900 L*tl9)«"BM+l

1H1L2B1BD5BR7"

910 L»(20)-"BH+4

R3"

920 L*<21>-"BM+i

3R5BR3BD6"

930 L*(22>-"BM+5

1H1L2BR6BD3"

940 L«<23)="BM+1

930 L*<24)»"BM-M

2G1D1F1R2F1D1B1L2I

960 L*<25)="BM+1

F1R2BD3BR4"

970 L*U6>«"BM+6

2BR4"

980 L*(13)- ,, BM+2

990 BOTO190

1038 *

-6L4R2D6L2R4BR3

-2D1F1R2E1U5BD6

0U6D3R1E3Q3F3BR

-6D6R4BR3"
OU6R1F2D1U1E2R1

OU6R1D1F4D1R1U6

-1U4H1L281D4F1R

0U6R3F1D1B1L2BR

-1U4H1L2Q1D4F1R

0U6R3F1D1G1L2R1

-1F1R2E1H4E1R2F

0U6L3R6BR2BD6"
-6D5F1R2E1U5BD6

-6D4F2E2U4BD6BR

-6D6R1E2U1D1F2R

0U1E4U1BL4D1F4D

-6D1F2D3U3E2U1B

-6R4D 1 84D 1 R4BR3

0R1BR2"

-4E2D6BR4"

-5E1R2F1D1L1B3D

-1F1R2E1U1H1E1U

0U6LIG2D1R5BD3B

-1F1R2E1U1H1L3U

-6L381D4F1R2E1U

-6R3D2B4BR7"
-1U1E1R2E1U1H1L
BRA"
0R3E1U4H1L2B1D1

-1U4H1L2G1D4F1R

-3R3BD3BR2"

1039 » HIRES SCREEN FORMAT

1040 CLSlPRINT" WANT LARGE TITLE
PRINT <Y/N)?":PRINT" LARGE
- 15 CHAR MAX "SPRINT" STD

- 30 CHAR MAX " : SOUND 1 40, 1 : BOSU
B20: I F I K«» " Y ■ THEN PRI NT«33 ,"»»
"IELSE PRINT«63, "»»"|
1050 PRINT«96,"":INPUT M GRAPH TIT
LE" | TI»! INPUT "SUBTITLE" 1 8TI»: TP*
-IK*

1060 CLS: PRINT" WANT PERCENTAQES
AND AMOUNTS ON GRAPH (Y/N
) ?" : SOUND 140, 1 : G0SUB20
1070 LA*« IK*: SCREEN 1,0
1080 IFTP*«"Y"THEN TC-16:TS*-"SS
" : TlS*-"24" : TI*-LEFT* <TI*, 15) : XI
*-"13" ELSE TC"'B:TS*-"S4' , :TlS*- , *
1B ,, :TI*-LEFT*(TI*,30>:X1*«"9"
1090 POKE 63495,0: X»»TI*!IFTI»-"
"THEN1110

llOO P*="BM n +STR*(128-INT(TC*(LE
N<TI*>)/2))+" i "+Xl*+"l"-*-TS«+"|":
DRAWP*: G0SUB40

lllO X*»LEFT*<STI«,30):IFSTI*-""
THEN1150

1120 P«-"BM"+STR*(12B-INT<8#<LEN
(X*) ) /2> > +" , "+T1S«+" J S4 J " ! DRAWP*
: G0SUB40

1148 p

1149 * PRINT LABELS?

1150 F0RK-1T0 1-1

1160 PL»«"BM135,"+STR*<20+18*K)+

»j 34!"

1 170 ZL*='*BM162, "+STR* <29+18#K>+

1180 PT(K)=100#P(K)

1 1 90 X*«BTR» ( K > + " " +F* ( K > : DR AWPL

*:GOSUB40

1200 IFLA««"N"THEN1230

1210 QQ*»STR*<PT(K)):RR*-STR*<F(

K))

1 220 X *-LEFT* < RR« , 7 ) +LEFT* ( QQ* , 4

> +"X( ■■ : drawzl* : G0SUB40

1230 NEXT

1258 ■

1259 'SECTOR CENTER LOCATIONS

1260 SUMF=0: PSUM-0
1270 FORK=OTO 1-1

1 280 SUMF»SUMF+P ( K+ I ) : PSUM-SUMF-

P(K+l)/2

1290 CIRCLE <7B, 115) ,70,68, .93,0,

PSUM: A <K> -PEEK (190) I B <K>»PEEK ( 19

2):IFK«OTHEN B(K)»B(K)+3

1300 IFK>0THEN1340

1310 CIRCLE <7B, 1 15) , 72, BG, . 93, O,

PSUM: S-PEEK 1 190) : E-FEEK (192)

1320 LL»-"BM"+STR»(S)+" f "+STR*(E

>+"! "

1330 X*«STR* <K+1 ) : DRAWLL*: GOSUB4

198

the RAINBOW January 1984

YOUR COLOR COMPUTER JUST GOT WHEELS!

REVOLUTION!

You accelerate hard down a long straightaway,
braking heavily at the end for a hard corner.
You slice smoothly through the esses, and then
boldly keep the power on for a fast sweeper.
The Ferrari drifts dangerously near the edge,
but you make a tiny correction in the steering,
and you are through.

The finish line flashes by, and suddenly you
are in the pits. The car falls silent. You see your
lap times being held up. Your final lap was a
new lap record! At last, you permit yourself
a small smile.

You have mastered this powerful car on a
difficult track, driving with the assurance and
precision that comes only from long hours of
practice.

You are driving an authentic race car. You are
playing Revolution!

FANTASTIC ACTION

Revolution uses high resolution, machine language graphics
for action that is smooth and fast. The emphasis is on
authenticity in the control and motion of your car. As in
driving a real race car, accuracy and precision in your driving
are what counts. Frills and non-essentials have been left out.

PURE COMPETITION

Like a real race driver in practice and qualifying sessions, you
compete against the clock and against the existing lap record
for that track. Revolution records the lap records and the
name of the person who set the record, so you always know
who reigns supreme on your favorite track!

DESIGNED WITH YOU IN MIND

Revolution is menu-driven, and self explanatory. Informa-
tion screens tell you what you need to know. When you're
ready to play, a menu of the names of all your tracks is
displayed, along with the lap record for each track and the
name of the person who set that lap record. You select a track
with a single keystroke, and Revolution takes you there.

A NEW CONCEPT

Revolution is a unique game, because it allows you to create
the most important part of any race game: the track itself.

The first time you run Revolution, you will be able to choose
from several tracks and cars which are included with the
game.

But, with Revolution, this is only the beginning! You can
create as many tracks as you like. You can make each new
track as difficult or as easy as you wish. You can make easy
ones to begin with, and tougher ones as you become more
skilled. You may find creating tracks to be almost as much
fun as driving on them!

You can save your favorite tracks to run on again whenever
you wish. Revolution will automatically add these new tracks
to the menu. And you can exchange your favorite tracks with
other Revolution owners.

Be careful, though, about letting your friends play this game.
They may not want to let you have your computer back!

THE EARLY REVOLUTION

A prototype version of Revolution was published in the
September, 1982 issue of Rainbow magazine, under the
name The Track, The response to The Track has been terrific.

Revolution has all the features that have made The Track a
favorite, and Revolution's fast, high-resolution machine
language graphics are dramatically improved over the
prototype's.

RE VOL UTION NOW !

The original Revolution for the TRS-80™ Color Computer
requires 32K and one disk drive. A new cassette version has
action just like the disk version, and similar track-saving
features excluding a menu of available tracks. The cassette
version will run on a 32 K Color Computer or TDP- 100. You
can upgrade to the disk version later, too, for a nominal fee.

REVOLUTION

For32KDisk S19.95

For 32K Cassette... $16.95

Requires Joysticks
& Extended BASIC

New Vork residents add 7% sales lax.
TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corporation.

Inter O^pcyiction

31 Rose Court • Dept. R • Amherst, NY 14226 • (716)839-0943

RAINBOW

CenrtFICATrOH

1340 NEXT:P0KE65494 V 0:RETURN
1366 '

1369 ' HI-LITE SECTORS

1370 CLS: PRINT: PRINT" DO YOU W
ANT TO HI-LITE ANY SEC
TORS <Y/N>?":SQUND140, t:8O8UB20
13B0 IFIK**"N"THENRETURN

1390 clb:poke65495,o: print: PRINT

WHICH SECTORS ?":FORZ-lTO
I-l:PRINT«40+32*Z t Z|:PRINTTAB(10
>F*m|TAB<20> f SPRINT U8IN0".##"
|P(Z>:NEXT
1400 QQ-1

1410 PRINT*433," 'F p WHEN FINISH
ED" |

1420 BOSUB20
1430 IFIK*-"F"THEN1460
1 440 Z- V AL ( I K* > : PR I NT»39+32*Z , ■ >
"i:PAINT(A<Z-l),B<Z-l)>,PR,PR
1450 QQ-QQ+1: IFQGKI THEN1420
1460 P0KE63494.0: RETURN

1488 '

1489 'DATA SAVE ROUTINE

1490 CLS: INPUT" ENTER DATA FILE N
AME"|NF«;IFNF*-"Q"THEN RETURN EL
SE NF*«LEFT*(NF*,B):0PEN"0",#1,N
F*

1300 WRITE«1,I,SUMF
1310 F0RKK-1T0 I-l:WRITE#l,F*(KK
), F ( KK ): NEXT : CLOSE : RETURN
1538 '

YALHALLA

VENTURE WITH YOUR LEGIONS INTO THE MYSTICAL LAND OF
VALHALLA TO CONQUER ALL AND REIGN SUPREME IN THIS TOTALLY
HI-RES, COMPLETELY JOYSTICK CONTROLLED, STRATEGY GAME.
THE BEAUTIFULLY DETAILED TERRAIN MAP INCLUDES CASTLES.
VILLAGES, ROADS. RIVERS. SWAMPS, LAKES, BAYS, AND MOUNTAINS.
TWO TO FOUR PLAYERS CONTROL SIXTEEN ARMIES LED BY LORDS,
GENERALS, OR CAPTAINS. EACH ARMY FEATURES HEAVY CALVARY,
LIGHT CALVARY. FOOT SOLDIERS, AND ARCHERS. ji^\
A SUPERB GAME FOR ONLY $24,95. ~~5

CHECK OR MONEY
ORDER ONLY

AVAILABLE ONLY FROM P.O. BOX 15331

'UVrnMD' TULSA, OK 74158

I! I LUlYlr (918)266-6452

ALL ORDERS 1.50 SHIPPING. GAMES REQUIRE 32K, EXT. BASIC, AND
DUE TO MEMORY REQUIREMENTS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY ON CASSETTE

COLONIAL TRILOGY

THE INCREDIBLE SAGA OF THE STRUGGLES
BETWEEN TWO RACES AT THE EDGE OF OUR GALAXY

COLONIAL WARS: one player commands the colonial

HOMEW0RLDS AND ALL THEIR FORCES WHILE THE OTHER PLAYER
LEADS THE INVADING ZYRON EMPIRE THE ULTIMATE IN TWO
PLAYER STRATEGY GAMES WITH HYCOMP'S UNIQUE SPLIT SCREEN
CONCEPT, GAME SAVE, AND 10 PAGE INSTRUCTION MANUAL(3-B(irs)

ZYRON: THE SIEGE OVER ONE OF THE COLONIAL HOMEWORLDS
AND THE ATTEMPT TO BREAK IT IS THE SETTING FOR THIS TWO
PLAYER GAME FEATURES INCLUDE CUSTOM BUILT FIGHTERS AND
FREIGHTERS, 300 LOCATION HI-RES PLAYING GRID, SEVEN PAGE
MANUAL. TWO SCENARIOS, AND PLAYING AID <2-4hrs)

QUESTAR: one player explores over 3o planets on a

DARING MISSION TO DESTROY A HIDDEN ZYRON BASE IN THIS
EXCELLENT GRAPHICS ADVENTURE (60-90mm)

ONLY $ 19.95 EACH OR
ALL THREE FOR $49.95!

RAINBOW

1539 "QRAPH SAVE ROUTINE

1540 CLS: INPUT-SRAPH NAME" I FI*: I
FFI*-"Q"THEN RETURNELSE FI*-LEFT
* (FI», B) ! SCREEN1 , 0: BAVEHFI*, PEEK
< 1B8) *256 f PEEK ( 108) *2S6+6 143, 3BO
: RETURN

1568 '

1569 'PRINTER ROUTINES

1570 CLS: PR I NT "HALF AND FULL WID
TH PAGE COPY ARE AVAILABLE. "
1580 PRINT: PRINT "HALF PA8E COPY
CAN BE LOCATED RI8HT, LEFT, OR

CENTER. "
1590 PRINT: PRINT"DO YOU WANT hAL
F OR -FULL PA8E?" : SOUND 1 40, l!GOBU
B20

1600 IFIK*-"F"ORIK*-"f "THEN SOTO
1630

1610 IFIK»-"H"ORIK*«"h"AND CC-OT
HEN BOSUB1650 ELSE LOADM"0BFRP":
CC-O; Q0SUB16S0

1620 SCREEN1,0:IFPP0INT(5, 190>-1
THEN P-USR2(XP>:60T0530 ELSE P-U
SRl(XP):8OT0530
1630 I FCC- 1 THEN 1620
1640 S-fcH7D90:P0KE8+37,2:P0KEB+4
5 , 95: POKES+62, 4: POKES+67 , 47 : POKE
S+197, 4B:P0KES+277, 18:POKES+27B,
18:CC-l:XP— 125:80T01620
1650 CL8:PRINT"P0SITI0N OF 8RAPH

(L/R/C) " : SOUND 140, 1 : QOSUB20: XP*
-IK*

1660 IFXP»-"L"THEN XP— 160:RETUR
N

1670 IFXP*- H R"THEN XP- 125: RETURN
1680 XP-O: RETURN
1690 PCLEAR4:B0T070
1700 DATA 198,32,182,1,90,142,4,
0, 167, 128, 140,4,31,38,249, 142,5,
224, 167, 128, 140, 6, O, 38, 249, 142, 4
,32, 167, 132, 167,31,58, 140,6,0,38
,246,57

X-MAS CASSETTE

IF OH F6K - EXT BASfCI

INSTEAD OF X-MAS CARD
WHY NOT SEND A X-MAS CASSETTE THIS YEAR?

LET COCO PLAY& PAINT YOUR GREETINGS'
REGULARLY $14.95, NOW ON SALE FOR S9.95 EA.

#102 — JINGLE BELLS
#104 — WE WISH YOU A MERRY X-MAS

ADD $2 - FOR $H!PP)flG A HAtjQUNG
ADD S?" EXTRA FOR CO O.

tSEtVD CHECK, tut, Oft C-.O.D. TQ:i

KARR TECH

BOX 6056

KENT. WA. 96031

200

the RAINBOW January 1984

KEYBOARDS

by Macrotron

The Premium Keyboard

All the features of our popular
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* No gluing, soldering, or cutting — plugs right in

* Four function keys complete the matrix

* High quality construction assures years of
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* Complete documentation included
PLUS these exciting new features:

Lower profile than the Professional

* Extended Radio Shack layout

* Silk-smooth feel —
uses ALPS keyswitches

Our Versakey software enhances
the keyboard's utility

* Auto-repeat, n-key rollover and
type-ahead

* Fl becomes DEFINE,
F4 becomes CTRL

* May define up to 128 keys (including
their SHIFT, CTRL, and SHIFT-CTRL
combinations) as strings of up to 80
characters each.

* Supplied on cassette, may be copied to disk

'Have Josie ship yours today!"

The Premium Keyboard $89.95

The Professional Keyboard (including software) $59.95

Versakey software SPECIAL! FREE with Keyboard!

Both keyboards carry a 90-day limited warranty.

Please specify your computer's PC board type if known. Otherwise, specify the complete catalog number

and serial number.

We have moved to a larger facility in order to serve you better. Please note our new address and phone number.

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8147Delmar

St. Louis, MO 63130

(314) 721-7969

Terms: Prepaid check or money order, Mastercard or Visa.
Shipping Charges: U.S. $2.00, Canada $5.00, COD $3.50 (No COD's to Canada).

PROGRAMMING UTILITY

Twenty Odd-Ball
Screen Routines

By Gregory Clark

16K
ECB

' the '

RAINBOW

_J- :\

Have you ever been in the middle of writing a large
program and realized that you needed something to
fill in a small time delay or a visual gap in the
on-screen proceedings? Now you have to put your main
program on the back burner and come up with a small
subroutine. Well, this has happened to me several times;
some of the routines in this program are the result. Others I
wrote just to come up with a round number.

There are timers, counters, time-wasters, and one stolen
in whole from a very early issue of the Rainbow. The timers
in themselves are not accurate, it is up to you to provide the
timing interval within your own program for that.

They all have one thing in common — they cause some-
thing visual to happen on the text screen. Since there is no
one way to do things when writing a BASIC program, I'm not
claiming that the methods used are the best. I have offered
these routines as an example of several ways to accomplish

time delays and counting. If you should happen to suddenly
have an insight and come up with a better way, 1 will be
rewarded in a small way by possibly having helped.

Some of these routines require Extended BASIC. If you are
not familiar with POKEing into the text screen, then I
suggest starting with the last routine Strange Characters, as
the CHR$ and POKE values used in many of these routines
are not the same.

After writing the main program, I realized that there are
actually 2 1 subroutines. The 2 1 st being the method 1 used to
display the listing of the routines and POKE values in
Strange Characters.

If there are others out there with similar collections of
odds and ends, think about putting them togetherand send-
ing them in to the Rainbow. You do not have to come up
with a major programming feat in order to help other pro-
grammers, sometimes small tidbits are very welcome.

/ 12060 . 115B

12 01 E6 13085 . . 1385

191 04D8 13200 .. 15E9

3040 . . . 0777 16010 .. 1816

70 09BE 18030..1AC2

901 .. 0BD2 20030 . . 1E40

11050. 0EEB END ... 2108

The listing:

i CLEAR500

:dimqi*(20> :cls:qi = i:q

1*(1>=" 1=

1/4 BLOCK-COLOR CHANGE

2 Ql*<2>="

2=SINGLE DOT/L-R

3 Ql*<3)="

3=SINGLE BAR/L-R

4 Ql*(4>="

4=MULTIPLE POINTS-CHA

NGE COLOR

5 Ql*<5>="

5=RAND0M TIHE WASTER

6 Ql*(6)="
R

7 Ql*(7)="
-L

8 Q1HMS>="

6=MULTIPLE TIME WASTE

7=D0UBLE BLOCKS /L-R+R

8=C0UNTER/OTO99

9 Ql*<9)="

9=C0UNTER/0T0999

10 Ql*<10><

="10=12 HOUR CLOCK-HOU

RS+MINUTES

(Greg Clark works for New York Telephone Co. and
in his spare time enjoys writing A (/venture programs.
His wife, Ruth, is quietly supportive of the lime spent
at his hobby.)

11 Ql*(ll)="ll=24 HOUR CLOCK-HOU
RS+MINUTES +SECONDS+COLOR CHANG
E FOR PM

12 Ql*(12>="12=COUNTDOWN DOUBLE
BAR

13 Q1*(13>= ,, 13=CL0CK FACE TIMER

14 Ql*<14>="14=4 BLOCK COLOR CHA
NGE

15 Ql*< 15) ="15=0-9 NUMERIC-SHIFT
CHANGE

16 Ql*(16)= ,, i6=*TIMES SQUARE HEA
DER* STOLEN FROM the RAINBOW VOL
I N05

17 Q1*(17)="'17=C0UNTD0WN W/ TONES

18 Ql* < 18) = " 18= ACROSS BOTTOM DOU
BLE BAR

19 Q1*(19>="19=1 BLOCK-CORNERS C
HANGE

20 D1*<20)="20=HIDDEN CHARACTERS

100 AA=l:AB=1024

101 A*="L10OAP10AP10DP10CCD":B*=
"L200A"

110 CLS:PRINT@256," TWENTY ODDBA

LL SCREEN ROUTINES" : PR I NT@4&5, "B

Y greg dark": FORY=lT010:PLAYA*:

120 CLS:PRINT@224,"CHAN6E VALUE

202

the RAINBOW January 1984

DF Y IN LINE 200 TOSPEED UP OR S
LOW DOWN EXECUTION OF E

XAMPLES" : F0RY-1T030OO: NEXT

1 90 AA=0: AB=0: ac=o: AD=0: AE=0: AF=
o: AZ=o: FORX-lTOlooo: next: CLS: PR I

NTS256, "ENTER # OF CHOICE (99 FO
R LIST) PRESS <E> TO EXIT DURING
RUN": INPUT XX

191 IFXX-99THENGOTO60O0OELSEIFXX
<0 OR XX>20THENPLAY M L10A ,, :B0T019

193 PRINT@352,Q1*<XX>

195 ON XX G0SUB1000, 2000, 3000, 40

00, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000,9000, 1000

0, 1 1000, 12000, 13000, 1400O, 1SOOO,

16000, 17000, 1SOOO, 19000,20000

197 E*=INKEY*:IFE*="E"THEN190

200 F0RY=1T0300: NEXT: SOTO 195

205 SOTO 195

1000 REM 1/4 BLOCK-COLOR CHANSE

1005 IFAZ=0THENAA=136:AZ=1

1010 PLAYB*:P0KE1024,AA

1020 AA«AA+16:IFAA>248THENAA«136

: AB= AB+ 1 : I FAB > 1 OTHEN 1 040

1030 RETURN

1040 PLAY A*: CLS: GOTO 190

2000 REM SINGLE DOT-MOVES ACROSS
SCREEN

2001 REM AA,AB

2005 I FA Z-OTHENAA" 1 : AB- 1 024 : AZ - 1
20 lO PLAYB*: ON AA GOT02030 , 2040
2030 POKE AB- 1,143: POKE AB , 1 35 : AA-
2: RETURN

2040 POKE AB ,139: AA= 1 : AB=AB+ 1
2050 I FAB > 1 055THEN2060ELSERETURN
2060 PLAY A* : CLS : GOTO 1 90

3000 REM SINGLE BAR

3001 REM AA,AB

3005 IFAZ=0THENAA=l:AB=1024:AZ=l

3O10 PLAYB*:ON AA B0T03020, 3030

3020 POKEAB, 135: AA=2: RETURN

3030 POKEAB ,131: AB=AB+ 1 : AA= 1

3O40 IFAB>1055THEN3050EL5ERETURN

3050 PLAY A* : CLS : SOTO 1 90

4000 REM MULTIPLE POINTS-CHANGE

COLOR

4005 IFAZ=0THENAA=l:AB=1532:AZ=l

: F0RX=1532T01535: POKEX , 191 : NEXT

4010 PLAYB* :AC=AC+1: ON A A G0T040

20 , 4O30 , 4030 , 4030

4020 POKE AB+3 ,191; POKEAB ,159: AA-

AA+ 1 : AB=AB+ 1 : RETURN

4030 POKEAB- 1,191: POKEAB , 1 59 : AA=

AA+1:AB=AB+1

4040 IFAB=1536THENAB=1532:AA=1

4045 IFAC=20THEN190

4050 RETURN

SOOO REM RANDOM TIME WASTER

50 1 O I F A Z =OTHENAA=RND ( -T I MER ) : A Z

= 1

5020 PL A YB* : A A=RND < 1 28 > : AA- A A+ 1 2

7:P0KE1135,AA

5030 AB= AB+ 1 : I F AB-20THEN 1 90

5040 RETURN

6000 REM MULTIPLE TIME WASTER

6010 IFAZ-OTHENAA=RND(-TIMER):AZ

= 1

6020 AA-RND( 128) +127: PLAYB*: AB=A

B+l:ON AB G0T06030, 6040, 6050,606

6030 POKE 1 1 34 , AA : RETURN

6040 P0KE1 135, AA: RETURN

6050 POKE 1 1 36 , AA : RETURN

6060 AB=0: POKE 1 137, AA

6070 AC= AC+ 1 : I F AC-5THEN 1 90

608O RETURN

7000 REM DOUBLE BLOCKS /L-R+R-L

7010 IFAZ»0THENAA-1:AB-1504:AC-1

535: AD=159: AF=1 : AZ=1

7020 PLAY"L100"+C*: POKEAB, AD: POK

EAC,AD

7030 AB=AB+l:AC=AC-l

7040 I FAB- 1 520THENAD- AD+ 1 6 : AE=AE

+l:AF=AF+l

7050 I F AB= 1 536THEN AB= 1 504 : AD-AD+

16; AF-AF+1 : AC=1535

7060 IFAD>252THENAD»159

7065 IFAF=8THENAF=1

7070 IFAEM0THEN190

7075 C*=STR* ( AF > : C*= " ) " +C*

7080 RETURN

8000 REM C0UNTER/0T099

8010 IFAZ=0THENF0RX=1128T01131:P

OKEX , 239: NEXT: AA=48: AB=48: AZ=1

8015 PLAYB*: P0KE1 129, AA: POKE! 130

,AB

S020 AB=AB+l: IFAB=58THENAB=48:AA

=AA+1

8030 I F A A=58 AND AB=48THENPL A Y A* : 6

0T0190

8040 RETURN

9000 REM COUNTER /0T0999

9010 IFAZ-0THENP0KE1086, 175: POKE

1214,175:AA=112:AB=112:AC=112:AZ

9020 PLAYB*: POKE 11 18, AA:POKEl 150

,AB:P0KE1182,AC

9030 IFAA=121ANDAB=121ANDAC=121T

HENPL A Y A* : GOTO 1

9040 AC«= AC+ 1 : I F AGs 1 22THENAD= 112:

AB-AB+ 1 : I FAB- 1 22THENAB- 112: AA-AA

+ 1

9050 RETURN

10000 REM 12 HDUR CLOCK-HOURS+MI

NUTES

10010 IFAZ=0THENP0KE1484, 159: POK

E14B7, 122: POKE 1490, 159: AA-1 12: AB

=112:AC=112:AD=112:AZ=1

10020 PLAYB* :P0KE1 485, AA: POKE 148

6, AB: POKE 1488, AC: POKE 1489, AD

January 1984 the RAINBOW 203

10030 IFAA=113ANDAB=114THENPLAYA

*: SOTO 190

1 0040 AP= AD+ 1 : I F AD= 1 22THEN AD= 112

; AC=AC+1 : IFAOl 18THENAC=1 12: AB=A

B+ 1 : I F AB= 1 22THENAB= 112: AA= AA+ 1

10050 RETURN

11000 REM 24 HOUR CLOCK-HOURS+M I

NUTES+SECONDS-i-COLOR CHANGE FOR P

11010 I F A Z =0THENP0KE 1 024 , 223 : POK

E1027, 122:POKE1030, 1 22 : POKE 1 033 ,

223: AA=1 12: AB=1 12: AC=1 12: AD=1 12:

AE=112;AF=112:AZ=i

11015 IFA6=1THEN11100

1 1020 P0KE1025, AA : POKE I 026 , AB : PO

KE102B, AC: P0KE1029, AD: F0KE1031 , A

E: POKE 1 032, AF

11030 IFAA=113ANDAB=114THENAG=1:

RETURN

1 1 040 AF=AF+ 1 : I F AF= 1 22THENAF= 112

: AE=AE+ 1 : I F AE= 1 1 8THENAE= 112: AD=A

D+ 1 : I FAD= 1 22THEN AD= 112: AC= AC+ 1 : I

F AC- 1 1 8THENAC= 112: AB= AB+ 1 : I F AB= 1

22THENAB= 112: AA+AA+ 1

11050 RETURN

111 00 IFAZ=1 THENAA=49 : AB=50 : AC=4

B: AD=48 : AE=48 : AF=49 : POKE 1 027 , 58 :

PQKE1030,5B:AZ=2

11110 POKE 1 025, AA: POKE 1 026, AB:PO

KE1028,AC:P0KE1029,AD:P0KE1031,A

CPP
Color Picture Plotter

Capture that PMODE 3 picture on paper using the CGP-1 1 5
Color Graphic Printer. Easy to use • High speed machine
language • Auto start from cassette • Works with Micro
Painter • Prints pictures from cassette or memory ■ In-
cludes sample picture (American Flag).

"CPP is a great uSffty ..." RAINBOW Juip 83

M n — postage
.30 + 8, handling

RAINBOW
[p- i >- .,

Banners Banners Banners

This program makes them on the CGP-1 1 5 Color Graphic
Printer. Up to 250 letters per Bonner with variable sized
letters in any of the 4 colors on the CGP. Change colors
and size within the Banner. Great for parties, advertising
or greeting cards.

rf^l NEW NEW NEW only 9. 95 + &°hS ng

ALL-AMERICAN ULTRALIGHT IND. (AUI)

1144 Kingston Ln.

Ventura, CA 93001

Please include SI. 50 for postage and handling

E: POKE 1 032, AF

1 1 1 20 I FA A=50ANDAB=52THENPL A Y A* :

GOTO 190

1 1 1 30 AF=AF+ 1 : I FAF=58THENAF=48 : A

E=AE+1 : IFAE=54THENAE=48: AD=AD+1 :

IFAD=58THENAD=48: AC=AC+1 : IFAC=54

THENAC=4S: AB=AB+1 : IFAB=5BTHENAB=

48:AA=AA+1

11140 RETURN

12000 REM COUNTDOWN DOUBLE BAR

12010 IFAZ=0THENF0RX=1120T01151:

POKEX, 179:NEXT:AA=1151:AB=1151:P

0KE1151,191:AZ-1

1 2020 AE»PEEK < AA ) : AA- AA- 1 : AC-PEE

K(AA)

1 2025 I FAA= 1 1 1 9THENAD=PEEK ( 1 1 20 )

:IFAD=191THENAA=1151:P0KE1120,17

9 : POKEAB , 1 76 : AB= AB- 1 : POKEA A , 1 88 :

PLAYB*; RETURN

12030 IFAC=179THENP0KEAA, 191: IFA

E=188THENP0KEAA+1 , 176ELSEPOKEAA+

1,179

12040 IFAC=176THENPQKEAA, 188: IFA

E=188THENP0KEAA+1 , 176ELSEP0KEAA+

1,179

1 2050 I F AA= 1 1 20 ANDAC= 1 76THENP0KE

1 120, 176: PLAY A*: GOTO 190

12060 RETURN

130OO REM CLOCK FACE TIMER

13010 IFAZ=0THENF0RX=1024TOlO39:

F0RY=0T07:P0KEX+(Y*32> , 128:NEXTY

, X: AA=1032: AB=1 : AZ=1 : P0KE1 127, 22

5: P0KE1 128, 226: POKE 1 159, 228: POKE

1 160, 232: P0KE1063, 172: P0KE1064, 1

13014 PLAYB*

13015 ON AB GOTO 13020, 13040, 1305
0, 13060, 13070, 13080

1 3020 POKE AA , 220 : POKE AA- 1 , 1 28 : A A

=AA+1

13025 IFAA=1 040THENAB=2 : A A= 1 039

13030 IFAA=1032THEN13090

13035 RETURN

1 3040 POKE AA ,211: AA= AA+32 : AB=3

13045 RETURN

1 3050 POKE AA , 220 : POKE A A-32 , 1 28 : A

B=2

13055 IFAA=1263THENAB=4

13057 RETURN

1 3060 POKE AA ,211:1 F AC=OTHEN AB=4 :

A A=AA~ 1 : AC= 1 : ELSEPOKEAA+ 1 , 1 28 : AB

=4:AA=AA-1

13065 IFAA=1247THENAA=124S:AB=5

13067 RETURN

1 3070 POKE AA , 220 : A A=AA-32 : AB=6

13072 IFAA=992THENAA=1025:AB=1

13075 RETURN

1 3080 POKEA A ,211: POKE AA+32 , 1 28 : A

B=5

13085 RETURN

13090 PLAY"L90D-

204

the RAINBOW January 1984

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13100 AC=0:0N AD B0T0131 10, 13120

, 13130, 13140, 13150, 13160, 13170, 1

3180, 13190, 13200, 13210, 13220

13110 P0KE1063, 12B: POKE 1064,1 28:

P0KE1097, 172:P0KE1066, 163:AD-2:R

ETURN

13120 P0KE1097, 128:P0KE1066, 128:

POKEi 131 , 172: P0KE1 100, 163: AD-3: R

ETURN

13130 POKEI 131, 12B: POKEI 100, 12B:

P0KE1133, 163:P0KE1165, 172:AD=4:R

ETURN

13140 POKEI 133,128: POKEI 165, 128:

POKEI 163, 163: POKEI 196, 172: AD=5:R

ETURN

13150 POKEI 163,128: POKEI 196, 128:

POKEI 193, 163: P0KE1226, 172:AD=6:R

ETURN

13160 POKEI 193, 128: POKE 1226, 128:

POKE 1223, 163: POKE 1224, 163:AD=7:R

ETURN

13170 P0KE1223,12B:P0KE1224,128:

POKEI 190, 163: POKEI 221 , 172: AD=B; R

ETURN

13180 POKE! 190, 128: P0KE1221, 128:

P0KE1156, 163:P0KE1187,172:AD=9:R

ETURN

13190 POKE 11 56, 128: POKEI 187, 128:

s
o

FREE

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COLOR OASIS T

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Please accept my application for trial-membership to COLOR
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Please add $2.00 for shipping & handling.

POKEI 122, 163: POKEI 154, 172:AD=10:
RETURN

13200 POKEI 122, 128: POKEI 154, 128:
P0KE1091, 163: POKEI 124, 172: AD=1 1 :
RETURN

13210 P0KE1091, 128: POKEI 124, 12B:

POKE 106 1,1 63 .POKE 1094, 172:AD=12:

RETURN

13220 P0KE1061, 128: POKE 1094, 128:

POKE 1063, 172: POKE 1064, 172: PLAY A*

: GOTO 190

14000 REM 4 BLOCK COLOR CHAN8E

14010 IFAZ=0THENCLS0;P0KE1423,13

2:P0KE1424, 132:P0KE1425, 132: POKE

1426, 132:AA=1423:AB=14B:AZ=l:RET

URN

14015 PLAY B*

14020 P0KEAA,AB+(16*AC) :AA=AA+1

14030 IFAA=1427THENAA=1423:AC=AC

+ 1

1 4040 I F AC=7THENPL AY A* : BOTO 1 90

14050 RETURN

15000 REM 0-9 NUMERIC-SHIFT CHAN

15010 IFAZ»OTHENFQRX-OT09:FOKE10

35+X , 1 1 2+X : NEXT: AZ= 1 : AA-1 035: POK

El 035, 48: AB-1 12: AC=49: RETURN

1 5020 PL A YB* : POKE A A , AB : POKE A A+ 1 ,

1 5030 AC=AC+ 1 : AB=AB+ 1 : AA= AA+ 1

15040 IFAA=1044THENPLAYA*:GOT019

15050 RETURN

16000 REM "TIMES SQUARE HEADER"

16005 REM ENTER YOUR OWN TEXT IN

PLACE OF RB*

16010 CLSO

16020 RB*="

— THIS PROGRAM APPEARED IN 'the
RAINBOW VOLUME I NO 5 (TOTAL PA
GES=20 INCLUDING COVERS). I HAVE

NEVER SEEN IT RE-PRINTED ANYWHE
RE AND INCLUDE IT HERE FOR THE N

EWER 'RAINBOW READERS

,_ .. +STR I NG* ( 1 6 , 32 )

16030 F0RAA=1 TO LEN<RB*> -15: AB=

AB+l:IFAB>4 THEN AB=1 :E=1 125: EE<=

1140

16040 PRINT@328,MID*(RB*,AA, 15);

16050 SOUND RND (240) , 1 : NEXTAA

16060 GOTO 190

17000 REM COUNTDOWN W/TONES

1701O IFAZ=OTHENFOR AD=1055T0153

5STEP32: POKEAD, 239: NEXTAD: AA=105

5 : POKE AA , 227 : AB= 1 : SOUNDAB , 1 : AC= 1

:AZ=l: RETURN

17015 AB=AB+7: IFAA=1567 THENPLAY

A*: GOTO 190

17020 ON AC GOTO 17030,17040

17030 POKEAA, 140: SOUNDAB, 1 : AC=2:

206

the RAINBOW January 1984

Introducing . . .

New! From the Programmer's Guild

The Ultimate Arcade Challenge!

New from Arcade Master Charles Forsythe!

The most original game ever produced!

16 levels of breath taking action!

Up to 6 players in competition!

Keyboard or joystick control.

Runs on any 16K TRS-80 color or TDP 100.

Guide your Ninja through boulders, fire, pitfalls, flaming
meteors, and Ninja masters to attain the ultimate rf^^S

achievement in — NINJA GRANDMASTER! rainbow

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

M is the single most difficult arcade
game ever written!

Exciting— Frustrating— Difficult— Impossible — your skill will tell the tale.

HiHiA w^KKioK

— for those who would face

the ultimate arcade challenge-

TO WIN OR DIE! $2995cassette

Free Shipping

VISA MASTERCARD

THE PROGRAMMER'S GUILD

P.O. BOX 66

PETERBOROUGH, NH 03458

—or Call (603) 924-6065 for COD—

AND GET "FREE" SHIPPING ANYWHERE ON THE
PLANET EARTH OR HER COLONIES

AA-AA+32: RETURN

1 7040 POKEA A , 227 : POKEA A-32 ,143:8

OUNDAB, 1 : AC* 1 : RETURN

18000 REM ACROSS BOTTOM-DOUBLE B

AR/AC=1/AB=1504

ISO 10 IFAZ-0THENAC*1:AB«1504:AZ»

18020 REM AA,AB,AC

1B030 IFAA=0THEN18100

18040 PLAYB*:ON AC GOTO 18050, 180

60, 18070, 18080

1 8050 POKE AB , 24 7 : AC= AC+ 1 : RETURN

18060 POKEAB, 245: AC=AC+1 : RETURN

1 8070 POKEAB , 24 1 : AC= AC+ 1 : RETURN

18080 POKEAB, 240: AC=1:AB=AB+1

1 8090 I F AB= 1 536THEN 1811 OELSERETU

18100 F0RX=1504T01535:P0KEX,255:

NEXT: AA=1 : SOTO 18040

18110 PLAYA*:CLS: SOTO 190

19000 REM 1 BLOCK - CORNERS CHAN

GE/AA-1

19010 IFAZ=0THENAA=1:AZ=1

19020 PLAYB*:ON AA SOTO 19030, 190

40, 19050, 19060

19030 P0KE1024,216:AA=AA+1:RETUR

1 9040 POKE 1 024 , 228 : A A-AA+ 1 : RETUR

FLY the FUi

Instrument
Flight
Simulator

Exciting simulation of jat flight
Navigata a sow mum oach flignt or
do aarobatica. Instrument talcaoffs
and landing a. Variable control

eansitlwity for ea^innsr or aipart.
Fully Inatfuaantad inelusin; 'Hsada Up*
diaolay. specify 1SK or }2K ax, basic.
Tap* 119.95 Diract aava to DISK

RAINBOW

TSI'OOL

Print while you're writing the next letter!
A software spooler for Telewriter -6 4* users .
Has graphic descenders for LPVII/DMP 10U users.
Easy to use ml: a single CLOADM t EXEC.
Por all 32K and 64K systems. Disk compatible.
Tape 524. 9 S^

Add 51,00 for shipping to all orders.

We accept COD orders

KRT Soft war*
P O Box 41395
St Petersburg, FI 33743

(813)321-2840 9am - 5pm EST

1 9050 POKE 1 024 , 242 : AA= A A+ 1 : RETUR
N

1 9060 POKE 1 024 , 1 93 : AA= 1 : AB=AB+ 1
19070 IFABM0THEN19080ELSERETURN
19080 PLAYA*:CLS: GOTO 190
2O0OO REM HIDDEN CHARACTERS
200 lO W1=0:CLS:PRINT@32,"THERE a
RE SOME INTEREST INS CHAR- ACTER
S HIDDEN IN YOUR COCO" :F0RAA=1T0
2000: NEXT: PR I NTS 128," US INS THE C
HR*( ) FORMAT YOU CANUSE THOSE C
HARACTERS SHOWN IN THE RADIO S
HACK MANUALS, BUT HAVEYOU SEEN TH
ESE?"

20020 AB=27:F0RX=1440T0 1471: POKE
X , AB: AB=AB+1 : NEXT: F0RX=1T06000: N
EXT

20030 CLS: PRINT© 128, "THESE CHARA
CTERS ARE AVAILABLE USING POKES
TO THE SCREEN MEMORYLOCATIONS 1
024- 1 535 . PR I NT@0 , " CHR* < 34 ) " a " CH
R*<34)"0R PRINT@0,CHR*<97> IS TH
E SAME AS POKE 1024,1"
20040 FORX=1T06000:NEXT:CLS:PRIN
T"THE FORMAT IS POKEXXX,YYY. XXX
X=DIGIT BETWEEN 1024 AND 1535 AN
D YYY=DIGIT BETWEEN O AND 255"
20050 PR I NT "USE UP AND DOWN ARRO
WS TO MOVE THE DISPLAY. ENTER <
E> TO EXIT"

20055 W1=0:PRINT@352, "POKE 1392, ■
Wl"=":P0KE1392,Wi

20060 W 1 *= I NKEY* : I FW 1 *= " " THEN200
60

20070 IFW1*="E"THEN190
20075 I FW1 *<>■"""■ AND Wl*OCHR*<l
0> THENS0UND10, 1 : 60T020060
2O08O IFW1*=" A "THENW1=W1+1: IFW1>
255THENW1=0

20090 I F W 1 *=CHR* < 1 ) THEN W 1 - W 1 - 1 :
I FW 1< OTHENW 1 =255

20 1 OO PR I NTS352 , " POKE 1 392 , " W 1 " = "
: POKE 1392, Wl : B0T020060
20999 FOR X = 1 T02000 : NE X T : GOTO 1 90
60000 REM LIST

60005 Ql=l:CLS: PRINT "USE UP AND
DOWN ARROWS TO LOOK AT LI ST -PRE
SS <E> TO EXIT":PRINTQ1*(1>
60010 Q1*=INKEY*:IFQ1*=""THEN600
10

60013 IFQ1*="E"THEN190
60015 IFQ1*<>" A " AND Gl*OCHR*(l
0>THENS0UND10, 1:G0T060010
60020 I FQ 1 *=CHR* (10) THENQ 1 =Q 1 - 1 :
IFQK1THENQ1=20

60030 IFQ1*="^"THENQ1=01+1:IFQ1>
20THENQ1=1

60040 PRINT:PRINTQ1*(Q1>:G0T0600
10

208

the RAINBOW January 1984

UPGRADES!!!

1£^ 32K

STILL ONLY $25.95!!!

64K CHIP SET
STILL ONLY $49.95!!!

Both kits include complete and easy

instructions and
carry a one year warranty!!!

Please add $2.00 Postage and handling per total order.
California residents add 6% for shipping.

QUASAR ANIMATIONS

1520 Pacific Beach Drive

San Diego, California

92109

EDUCATION

16K
ECB

the
RAINBOW

Four For Fun

By Paul Wesley Myers

Being the father of two pre-schoolers, one of the first
undertakings I attempted on my 4K CoCo was to get
the kids involved. After all, telling my wife it was for
the kids was the only way I could justify its purchase in the
first place. The first two programs listed here are written for
the4K, non-Extended BASIC CoCo. The third, a light enter-
tainment program requires 1 6K., non-Extended BASIC. With
some little work, it could be cut down to fit ona4K machine
also. The last program needs 16K Extended BASIC. Please
forgive the rather rag-tag lettering used in it, it was my first
attempt at high-resolution graphics.

The first program, called Key-Fun, is just that. It is
designed to be an ice-breaker to the computer. The program
draws a clown's face on the screen, then puts a letter on the
clown's nose. If the child presses the letter that matches it on
the keyboard, the clown smiles and he/ she hears an assend-
ing sound. Even for the child who doesn't know the alphabet
yet, it's a chance to get in on the fun.

The second program is a little more advanced, and
requires the child to have a little knowledge of thealphabet.
All of the letters are shown on the screen, and then one is
"blacked out." If the child presses the correct "missing let-
ter", a short rendition of "Pop Goes The Weasle" plays, and
another letter is darkened. When my oldest daughter started
to play with this one, and she didn't know the answer right
off, she'd break into a chorus of "A BCD . . ." It works as a
great rein forcer.

The third program was written as a little entertainment
break, Song-Time is a collection of four well-known child-
ren's tunes. By pressing A, B,Cor D, the child selects a song
to be played. The program serves as a nice pause when the
child begins to tire of the other programs. It's great fun.
Alter all, he/she gets to make the music.

The last program in the group. Shapes And Colors will
require a little adult help at first. Four shapes of different
colors will be drawn on the right of the screen. Then on the
left of the screen, a question will be asked such as "Which is
blue?" or "Which is a circle?" At first, an adult will be needed
to read the question to the child. But don't fret too much
over this. You will be very surprised at how fast the kids will
learn to recognize these words.

(Paul Myers is a programming analyst for Technicon
Corporation. His eight years of data processing expe-
rience include working with both large-scale and
minicomputers.)

All four of these programs use the keyboard as the input
device. I've tried using the joysticks in some other programs,
but have had only mixed success with them. What I'm really
hoping to see on the market soon is a touch-sensitive overlay
for a 13" screen that could be attached through one of the
joystick ports. To all you designers out there, here's a great
educational tool I hope you don't pass over.

W oan

Listing 1:

10 * KEYBOARD FUN ^^ 280.
20 ' PAUL W. MYERS 540
30 " 10/B/B3 END

40 CLS5 '

50 * DRAW NOSE

60 FOR X-10 TO 15

70 FOR Y=2B TO 33

BO SET<Y,X,1>

90 NEXT Y, X

100 * DRAW MOUTH

110 FOR X=20 TO 41

120 FOR Y=20 TD 21

130 SET(X,Y,4>

140 NEXT Y,X

150 ' DRAW RI8HT EYE

160 FOR X=20 TO 23

170 FOR Y=4 TO 7

ISO SET(Xj,Y,3)

190 NEXT Y 9 X

200 ' DRAW LEFT EYE

210 FOR X=3B TO 41

220 FOR Y=4 TO 7

230 SET<X„Y,3>

240 NEXT Y,X

250 * SELECT LETTER

260 V=RND(26)

270 L*=CHR*(V+64)

2B0 ' PRINT LETTER ON NOSE

290 PRINT 9 207, L*;

300 Z*=INKEY*

310 IF Z*="" THEN 300

320 IF Z*<> L* THEN 570

330 » RIBHT ANSWER

01 B5
. 0339
. 048A

210

Ihe RAINBOW

January 1984

340

' DRAW SMILE

350

FOR X-20 TO

360

FOR Y=18 TO

370

SET(X,Y,4>

380

NEXT Y,X

390

FOR X=40 TO

400

FOR Y=1B TO

410

SET<X,Y,4>

420

NEXT Y,X

430

FOR S=100 TO 200 STEP 5

440

SOUND S, 1INEXT S

450

' ERASE SMILE

460

FOR X=20 TO

470

FOR Y=18 TO

480

SET<X,Y,5>

490

NEXT Y,X

500

FOR X=40 TO

510

FOR Y=1B TO

520

SET(X,Y,5>

530

NEXT Y,X

540

GOTO 260

550

' WRONG ANSWER

560

' DRAW FROWN

570

FOR X=20 TO

580

FOR Y=22 TO

590

SET(X,Y,4>

600

NEXT Y,X

610

FOR X=40 TO

620

FOR Y=22 TO

630

SET<X,Y,4>

640

NEXT Y,X

650

FOR S=l TO 3

660

SOUND 1,2

670

FOR B=l TO 5

680

NEXT B,S

690

* ERASE FROWN

700

FOR X=20 TO

710

FOR Y=22 TO

720

SET(X,Y,5>

730

NEXT Y,X

740

FOR X=40 TO

750

FOR Y=22 TO

760

5ET<X,Y,5>

_^*~

770

NEXT Y,X
GOTO 300

y^-

780

1 220 017C

END . . . 0320

ting 2:

10 ' MISSING LETTER

20 ' PAUL W. MYERS

30 ' 10/8/83

40 CLS4

50 PRINT @ 4, "WHAT LETTER IS MIS

SING ?"5

60 DIM B<26> * SAVES LOCATION OF

LETTERS
70 ' DRAW BOARD
SO A=65
90 Z=67
100 FOR X=l TO 5 » ROWS

110 FOR Y=l TO 6 ' COLUMNS

120 A«=CHR*<A)

130 PRINT 9 Z,A*(

140 PRINT 9 Z+l,CHR*U38)f

150 A=A+1

160 C=C+1

170 B(C)=Z

1BO * FINISHED 7

190 IF C=26 THEN 270

200 * NEXT COLUMN

210 Z-Z+5

220 NEXT Y

230 * NEXT ROW

240 Z-Z+34

250 NEXT X

260 ■ SELECT LETTER TO HIDE

270 R-RND(26)

280 PRINT a B(R),CHR*<128>f

290 PRINT a B(R>+1,CHR*( 133+48);

300 PRINT @ 420," PRESS THE MI SSI

NB LETTER";

310 L*=INKEY*

320 IF L*= N " THEN 310

330 IF L*=CHR»(64+R> THEN 400

340 ' WRONG ANSWER

350 FOR X=l TO 3

360 SOUND 110,7:S0UND 1,7

370 NEXT X

3B0 GOTO 310

390 ' RIGHT ANSWER

400 PRINT @ B(R),L*;

410 PRINT @ B<R>+i,CHR*<13S>;

420 SOUND 147,5

430 SOUND 108,4

440 SOUND 133, 1

450 SOUND 125,5

460 SOUND 89,5

470 GOTO 270

Listing 3:

lO ■ SONG-TIME

20 ' PAUL W. MYERS

30 ' 10/8/B3

40 CLEAR 20

50 CLS3

60 DIM A(84),B<52>,C<64),D(64)

70 FOR X= 1 TO 84

80 READ A<X):NEXT

90 * TWINKLE TWINKLE

100 DATA 89,8,89,8,147,8,147,8,1

59,8,159,8

110 DATA 147,16,133,8,133,8,125,

8, 125,8, 108,3, 108,8

120 DATA 89,16,147,8,147,8,133,8

,133,8, 125,8,125,8

130 DATA 10B, 16, 147,8, 147,8, 133,

8, 133,8, 125,8,125,8

140 DATA 108, 16,89,8,89,8, 147, B,

147,8, 159,8,159,8

January 1984

the RAINBOW

211

ISO DATA 147,16,133,8,133,8,125,

8, 125,8, 108,8, 108,8

160 DATA 89, 16

170 FOR X=»i TO 52

180 READ B(X) :NEXT

190 * JINGLE BELLS

200 DATA 125,4,125,4,125,8,125,4

,125,4,125,8

210 DATA 125,4,147,4,89,6,108,2,

125,8, 255, B

220 DATA 133,4,133,4,133,6,133,2

,133,4,125,4

230 DATA 125,4,125,2,125,2,147,8

,147,8,133,8

240 DATA 108,8,89,32

250 FOR X=l TO 64

260 READ C(X):NEXT

270 ■ ARE YOU SLEEP I NO

280 DATA 89,8,108,8,125,8,89,8,8

9,8, 108,8,125,8

290 DATA 89,8,125,8,133,8,147,16

,125,8,133,8,147, 16

300 DATA 147,4,159,4,147,4,133,4

,125,8,89,8

310 DATA 147,4,159,4,147,4,133,4

,125,8,89,8

320 DATA 89,8,147,8,89,16,89,8,1

47,8,89, 16

330 FOR X=l TO 64

SOFTWARE -HARDWARE

FOR RADIO SHACK'S TRS-80 MODEL. 1/3
TRS-BO COLOR COMPUTER

•SEND FOR FREE CATALOG-

UTILITY PROGRAMS ON CASSETTE

SU-l CASSETTE COPY T 10§? III SPECIFY IN

SU-2. CASSETTE DUMP $10= I COMPUTER I

Y-PAK

TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER

"&70^

■:fl «'

TURN YOUR COMPUTER INTO A

1-SLOT SYSTEM. SWITCH
BETWEEN THE TWO WITH EASE,

RECORDER STAND

MADE OF STURDY PLASTIC.
HOLDS RECORDER AT A
PERFECT ANGLE.

RAM/ROM USER-PAK FOR TRS-80 COLOR $30

'GAMES ALSO AVAILABLE*

B.ERICKSON SOFTWARE- PO.BOX 1I099CHICAGO IL 60611

CALL (3i2)276-97120INFORMATION

340 READ D ( X ) : NEXT

350 ' THIS OLD MAN

360 DATA 147,4,125,4,147,8,147,4

,125,4, 147,8

370 DATA 159,4,147,4,133,4,125,4

, 108,4, 125,4,133,4

380 DATA 125,2,133,2,147,4,89,4,

89,2,89,2,89,4

390 DATA 89,2,108,2,125,2,133,2,

147,8

400 DATA 147,4,108,4,108,4,133,4

,125,4, 108,4

410 DATA 89,8

420 PRINT @ 1,"WHAT S0N6 DO YOU

WANT TO HEAR?";

430 PRINT II 96, "A = TWINKLE TWIN

KLE LITTLE STAR"

440 PRINT @ 160, "B - JINBLE BELL

450 PRINT @ 224, "C = ARE YOU SLE

EPINB"

460 PRINT @ 288, "D = THIS OLD MA

X*=INKEY*

IF X*="" THEN GOTO 470

X*="A" THEN BOTO 550

THEN BOTO 610

THEN BOTO 670

THEN BOTO 730

470
480
490
500
510
520

IF
IF
IF
IF

X*="B"

X*="C"

X*="D"
530 SOTO 470
540 * TWINKLE TWINKLE
550 FOR X=l TO 84 STEP 2
560 S=A(X>:D=A<X+1)
570 SOUND S,D
580 NEXT X
590 BOTO 470
600 * JINBLE BELLS
610 FOR X=l TO 52 STEP 2
620 S=B(X>:D=B(X+1)
630 SOUND S,D
640 NEXT X
650 BOTO 470
660 • ARE YOU SLEEP I NB
670 FOR X=l TO 64 STEP 2
680 S=C(X>:D=C<X+1>
690 SOUND S,D
700 NEXT X
710 BOTO 470
720 ■ THIS OLD MAN
730 FOR X=l TO 64 STEP 2
740 S=D(X>:D=D<X+1)
750 SOUND S,D
760 NEXT X
770 BOTO 470

^^190.

Listing 4:

IO ' SHAPES

20 ' PAUL W.

016B

450 0478

640. . .-. . 066D
END . 09DB

AND COLORS
MYERS

212

Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

30 ' 10/8/83

40 CLEAR 300

50 DIM A* (8)

60 GOSUB 610

70 PMODE 3, 1

80 SCREEN 1,0

90 PCLSO

100 ' DRAW GREEN CIRCLE

110 CIRCLE (180,25) ,20, 1

120 PAINT (180,25) , 1

130 ' DRAM YELLOW SQUARE

140 DRAW "BM163,55*C2SR35SD29;L3

5;U29"

150 PAINT (170, 65), 2

160 * DRAW BLUE TRIAN8LE

170 DRAW "BH163,120?C3;R365H18?G

IS"

180 PAINT (170, 119), 3

190 * DRAW RECTANGLE

200 DRAW "BM150, 138;Cl;R60jD30;L

60;U30"

210 ' DRAW NUMBER ONE

220 DRAW "BM235, 15SD20"

230 " DRAW NUMBER TWO

240 draw "bm230,60;r10;d10|l10jd
io;rio"

250 ' DRAW NUMBER THREE

260 DRAW "BM230,100!R10;D10;NL5S

DlOiLlO"

270 * DRAW NUMBER FOUR

280 DRAW "BM230, 145f D10? RlOjNUlO

ID10"

290 * "WHICH IS"

300 DRAW "BM20,70iD10sE5;F5sU10S

BR5iD10iU5;R5;U5;D10sBR5;U10sBR5

; NR5; D10; R5; BR55 U105 D5i R5; NU5; D5

;BRi5;UiosBR5sNR5;D5;R5;D5;L5"

310 X=RND(8>

320 IF X=Y THEN 310

330 IF X>4 THEN DRAW "BM100,B0;U

8;E2fRl;F2;D3iNL5;D5;" * "A"

340 DRAW "BM20,100;"+A*(X>

350 DRAW "BM120,100;Ul;BU3;U2;R2

;U5;L5;D2; "

360 B*=INKEY*

370 IF B*="" THEN 360

380 IF X=l AND B*="4" THEN 500

390 IF X=2 AND B*="3" THEN 500

400 IF X=3 AND B*="l" THEN 500

410 IF X=4 AND B*="2" THEN 500

420 IF X=5 AND B*="2" THEN 500

430 IF X=6 AND B*="4" THEN 500

440 IF X=7 AND B*="l" THEN 500

450 IF X=8 AND B*="3" THEN 500

3ffnr (ElirtBtmaB
(Siu? gour rljUiirrtt aomettfittg permanent!

Arcade games are fun far awhile, but have no lasting belief its (except perhaps a quick trigger
finger). Educational programs improve learning skills that can affect a child's future-forever!

Here is a word recognition and spelling game that has all the challenge and excitement of an ar-
cade game plus the fun and competition of a board game. With room for up to five players and
nine skill levels, ALPHABET SOUP is great family fun. It's so much fun, the children won't even
notice that their word recognition, spelling, vocabulary, and typing skills are steadily improv-
ing.

ALPHABET SOUP $14.95

These three math drill programs will improve math skills from the Introductory level through
high school. Each program features five skll levels, entertaining music and graphics, and per-
sonalized prompts to keep the children interested and motivated.

COLOR MATH QVTL $14.95

FRACTION MATH QUIZ C14.95

DECIMAL MATH QUIZ $14.95

For more Information about our line of programs, hardware, and hardware kits for the Color
Computer, write for a tree catalog.

ALL PROGRAMS ARE ON CASSETTE FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER OR TDP-loO WITH A
MINIMUM OF 16 K OF MEMORY AND EXTENDED BASIC.

SEND CHECK, MONEY ORDER
OR PURCHASE ORDER, PLUS

$2.00 SHIPPING AND HANDLING TO: CREATIVE TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS

P.O. Box 652 Cedar Crest, NM 6700 8

January 1984 the RAINBOW 213

TRS-80

ALL PURE RADIO SHACK EQUIPMENT

DISCOUNT

AND UP

OFF SUGGESTED LIST

COMPUTERS

ALL TRS-80

MODELS

CALL for

COMPETITIVE
PRICES

PRINTERS

• RADIO SHACK

• EPSON

• OKIDATA

• C. ITON

• SMITH CORONA

CALL FOR

COMPETITIVE
PRICES

ACCESSORIES

WE CARRY A FULL LINE OF;

SOFTWARE

HARD DRIVES

MODEMS

PRINTER ACCESSORIES

TELEPHONES AND

ANSWERING MACHINES

GAMES

• BIG FIVE

• ADVENTURE

• SPECTRAL

INSTANT SOFTWARE
TOM MIX SOFTWARE

PLEASE WRITE AND REQUEST . . .

• CUSTOMER DISCOUNT PRICE LIST

• MANUFACTURE WARRANTIES

TRS-80 TANDY CORPORATION

PERRY COMPUTERS

Dept. No. C-3 137 NORTH MAIN ST.. PERRY. Ml 48872

FOR ORDERS CALL 1 -800-248-3823

FOR INFORMATION CALL (517) 625-4161

460 * WRONG ANSWER

470 SOUND 20,20

480 QOTO 360

490 * RIQHT ANSWER

500 FOR Z=150 TO 200 STEP 10

510 SOUND Z,l

520 NEXT Z

530 * DRAW SUBJECT

540 DRAW "BM20,100|C4;"+A*<X>

550 » DRAW QUESTION NARK

560 DRAW "BH100,S0;U8;E2;Rl;F2;D

3;NL5;D5; M

570 DRAW "CI; "

580 V=X

590 SOTO 310

j s\s~* » ii ni irvni r

NR5; udj ioj ejkzjj r

R5;U10;F10;U10*

660 ' "YELLOW"

670 A* (4) ="BU10; F5i NE5; D5? BR7; NR

5; U5; NR5; U5; R5; BR5; D10; R5i BR5; NU

10;R5;BR5;U10;R5;D10;NL5;BR5;NU1

0;E5;F5;U10"

680 * "SQUARE"

690 A*(5>= ,, R5;U5JL5|U55R5»BR5»ND

10; R5; D10; NL5| NH2; BR5; NUio; R5; NU

io;BR5;U8;E2;Ri;F2;D3;NL5;D5;BR5

s U10? R5; D5; L5; F5; BR5; NR5| U5» NR5;

U5;R5; "

700 * "RECTANSLE"

710 A*"

R5J U5? hnj» uj) rc:

;R5;BR5;R55BL3i

214 theRAINBOW January 1S84

Qitc Qi\tn qutcc nc nonr

UJbIsotib to

basis

By Richard A, White
Rainbow Contributing Editor

Okay, all of you who have been reading "Bits and
Bytes" for three, six or even 12 months be advised I
am speaking to new owners in this issue. The Janu-
ary Rainbow has, with good reason, been dubbed the
beginner's issue. Computers sell as gift items at Christmas.
We would hope that a few of these new owners will find the
Rainbow on a newsstand and be reading this now. And with
the warm weather over in the northern climates and school
well underway everywhere, people move to indoor activities
which may include purchase of a personal computer. So,
better to include all who have had their CoCos only a few
months in my target audience.

Owning a complex machine like a computer is both an
exciting and a frustrating experience. Even the simplest
program that works gives the new owner a feeling of power
and accomplishment. The frustration comes in trying to do
something that you should be able to do if you only knew
how. Of course, your way is easier than mine was three years
ago in that you can shop through nearly two hundred pages
of advertising in the Rainbow for programs and hardware. 1
had a 4Kmachine, a Radio Shack manual, and little else.
And the manual was not complete. Information on data files
and much of the machine language information in the cur-
rent Color BASIC Manual was not included. Needless to say,
1 spent some time and gasoline to find some books and
magazines that told me enough about other computers that 1
could make my CoCo do what 1 wanted. And 1 sat at the
keyboard and tried things.

When you or I type at the keyboard, we are trying to talk
to our computer in a language call BASIC. A beginner trying
to talk to a computer is like a baby trying to talk to its
parents, yet different. The child makes sounds and looks for
a response. You type characters and look for a response. If
you type the wrong thing you will get an error response
which is a colder thing than the child will get, but it still
carries information that you will store away to use later.
What is this language that you are trying to type?

The BASIC language was devised as an instructional lan-
guage at Dartmouth College in the mid '60s. It differed from
other languages and still differs in that it is interpreted and
uses memory in an economical manner. Education has never
been rich and memory then was expensive. BASIC is what is
called a high level language. In a high level language, you

(Richard White has a long background with micro-
computers and specializes in BASIC programming.
With Don Dollberg, he is the author of the TIMS data
base management program.)

program using words and equations which are similar to the
language you talk and write or were taught in math classes.
Yes, there are differences from English or algebra and there
are specific rules which will be new to you and which must be
followed. Still, a high level language is much easier to learn
and use than the numbers which the microprocessor under-
stands.

A programming language is a program that converts
statements that people can understand to numbers that the
microprocessor in the computer can understand. The lan-
guage does other things for you like storing and recovering
data. If you have a program to help balance your check-
book, you probably enter the starting balance, check
numbers, dates and amounts and the computer calculates
your balance as you go. How does the computer keep track
of all this information you have given it? It stores the data in
memory either in an area called the variable table, if the data
is a number, or in an area called string space, if the data is a
series of characters like a name or a date. Each piece of data
is assigned to a variable name by your basic program and
the BASIC Interpreter program handles things from there.

If BASIC is a high level language, what is a low level
language? Your 6809 microprocessor understands numbers
which tell it to do certain tasks. Two- and three-letter abbre-
viations called mnemonics have been associated with these
number commands. These can be used to write an "assembly
language" program that is run through an assembler pro-
gram to produce machine language, the numbers that the
microprocessor understands. Assembly is a low-level lan-
guage where the programmer tells the micro step by step
what to do, like where to go to get data bytes, what to do to
these bytes and what to do with the results. The assembly
language programmer must know far more about his
machine than does the BASIC programmer. A machine lan-
guage program produces very fast operation coupled with
economical memory usage.

There are many high level languages other than BASIC.
Typically these languages will "compile" the program to
machine language. This process is similar to assembly, but is
far more complex. In both cases the program text must be
converted by another program before it can be run in the
computer.

Since you have BASIC in your CoCo, it is the natural first
language to learn. The manuals that come with your
machine are very good at teaching basic BASIC. This
includes the syntax and a few uses for each of the statements,
commands, functions, operators and special features of the
language. But, manuals cannot teach all the ways BASIC can

January 19S4 the RAINBOW 215

be used to solve programming problems. Unless execution
speed is crucial, basic will handle a surprising number of
your program needs.

The techniques necessary to do some things are not
always apparent. The beginner will quickly understand stor-
ing numbers in variables. Storing numbers in strings of
characters is not an immediately obvious thing to do,
though major savings in memory space with only modest
loss of speed can be realized. In most cases, techniques like
this arc not learned from manuals, but from study of pro-
grams written by others. Typing programs in from the
Rainbow is a fine way to learn these techniques and to
become more comfortable with basic. You cannot type in a
program without thinking about what you are typing and as
you think, you learn. In articles like "Bits and Bytes," writers
seek to present approaches that they have found successful
from their experiences. The focus is on ways to program
rather than details of syntax though these will be covered in
passing. Some of these ways are very personal in that the
programmer has been comfortable with a particular ap-
proach to a particular type of problem and will recommend
that approach over others. A case in point is my dislike for
DA TA statements where the data is going to be read into
variables in the program.

One of the first things to talk about is program organiza-
tion. In the manuals and in many programs, the approach is
very straightforward. Start with Line 10 and number lines at
10-line intervals until you reach the end of the program. This
is fine for simple, top to bottom programs like the simpler
ones in the manuals.

As you get into more complex programs with a number of
functions and subroutines that you develop at different,
times confusion can develop easily. Code may not work and

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need changing, added lines may need to be interspersed and
that pretty ]0-line spacing is lost. If you RENUMber, the
code in higher line numbers is relocated and you have to
search for it when you want to work on it again. There are
better ways and I laid out my way a year ago when we started
"Bits and Bytes." With so many new readers, I will give it
again.

Perhaps the secret to programming is to "divide and
conquer." Perhaps? Nay, it's a certainty. If you think of your
programs as functional little pieces you will do a lot better.
Pascal, another programming language, was written for use
in leaching programmers to structure their programs. In
fact, you cannot write in Pascal without adhering to strict
structural rules. In basic, you have a choice of writing free
spirited spaghetti-like programs or relatively structured
ones.

Reading a "spaghetti" program is rather like reading an
upside down roadmap under a new moon at midnight. New
programmers seldom know where they arc going with a
program and, halfway through, may get bogged down figur-
ing where they have been as well. Such is part of the learning
process, so don't lose heart.

Program structure means program organization. Some
languages require that variables, files, data structures and
other attributes be declared at the beginning. Generous use
of RE Marks is encouraged and specific indentation formats
are strongly suggested. Structuring also deals with what
should be in subroutines, what should be in the main pro-
cecdure and how the procedures flow. Much of this is
optional in BASIC; some is just good practice in any
language.

Clarity should be as important a goal in BASIC as it is in
other languages. There are a number of ways to write clear
programs. I use the procedures that follow and find them
valuable.

1) Define specific program functions and put the code for
each function in its own module with introductory REM.s.
Assign a specific set of lines to a module. Blocks of 100 lines
are convenient and will meet most needs. You will always
know a module begins at an even hundred and can go right
lo the one you wanl.

2) Minimize looping back. The procedure should flow from
start to end and loop only to repeat the routine or a portion
of it.

3) Use IF . . , 7 r HEN . . . ELSE to minimize jumping
forward. Many times all the code for the choices can be
contained after THEN and ELSE on one line so thai the
procedure can continue on the next line. Some BASIC'S don't
have ELSE. Apple doesn't, and Apple owners pay extra for
the lack. To illustrate, which is clearer to you?

10 1FX=0THENPRINT"FALSE":X=I ELSE PRINT

"TRUE"
20 END

10 IFX=0THEN30
20 PRINT"TRUE": X=l:
30 PRINT"FALSE"
40 END

GOTO40

4) Put all subroutines in one of two places. Frequently
called subroutines which include those that affect program
speed should be at the front of the program. I reserve Lines 5
to 99 for these. These should not be more than three or four
lines. Line number spacing of two is good.

216

Ihe RAINBOW January 19B4

Putting these here serves two functions. First the compu-
ter finds them quickly when speed counts. You also save
bytes since the number in the GOSVB is only one or two
bytes long. Infrequently called routines, particularly pro-
gram initialization code should be at the end of the program.
Each time a subroutine is called or the computer is sent to a
specific line, it starts at the beginning of the program and
searches until it finds that line. The fewer lines it passes to
find the needed line the faster the search will be.

It follows that speed is compromised if the computer is
continually searching over code it has used and will not use
again. Clarity comes from having only two places to look for

"Owning a complex machine like
a computer is both an exciting
and a frustrating experience. Even
the simplest program that works
gives the new owner a feeling of
power and accomplishment."

subroutines. The one exception that I make is to place a
major subroutine at the end of the module that calls it when
only that module uses it.

5) The same reasoning used above also applies to the order-
ing of main program modules provided they are called
separately. Those used most frequently are put in front of
the occasionally used ones. In a file program, the input
module is used far more than the save to tape module and
should come to the front. Modules that arc used in order

should be placed in order in the program.
6) Menus should be placed where they are used in the
program. A menu's text provides valuable information on
the branching of the program that follows. If menu choices
are numbered from one up in sequence, the ON 1 GOTO
XXX,YYY,ZZZ or ON I GOSUB XXX,YYY,ZZZ com-
mands can be used. It is easy to read a listing, sec which
number corresponds to the code block you want and then
drop down to the ON 1 statement and count across to find
the target line number.

Memory conservation sometimes forces use of strings
defined elsewhere in the program in menu text. When this is
done the advantage of reading the menu code to know what
options are there and where to go for their code is lost.

Programming is a series of compromises. It is up to you to
know what your options are and to make sure that your
choices are educated ones and not guesses or blind repetition
of past practices.

Though I have discussed program structuring for pur-
poses of easy trouble shooting and modification, the struc-
ture proposed had program speed firmly in mind as well.
Memory use was another consideration. Clarity, memory
and speed arc like three corners of a triangle. You cannot be
at all three points at once. You can make choices that
shorten the sides of the triangle and get close to where you
want to be. It takes careful thought and planning at the start
so you don't end up redoing too much.

Don't be upset when you don't get what you want the first
or second time. Remember all good commercial programs
have version numbers and Version 1 .0 is the first one offered
for sale, not the first one of the development process.

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BETTER

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ENO

You inherited a million dollars. Just one catch - first
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You just inherited your great-grandfather's goldmine.
Did he die penniless?

* SAC

For those against nuclear disarmament- pilot a 852
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RAINBOW

cibiip ic j t. cm

10456 Amantha Ave.,
San Diego, CA92126

Calif, residents add 6% sales tax

January 1984 the RAINBOW 217

CAPTAIN EIGHTY

The Magic

Software Machine

By Captain Eighty
(a.k.a. Bob Liddil)

In the wintertime, I like to sleep iate. Max knows this and
usually doesn't bother me. Max, for those of you who
don't know, is a sentient computer program and the only
one who knows how to use all the prototype gadgets thai
Professor Megabyte left in the attic lab of the house I live in.
He left behind Max and a gadget called a DDS (short for

The Perfect
Companion
For Your

—

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There's a new and exciting computer on Ihe block — Radio Shack's
TRS-80- Model 100 Portable Computer. M promises lo be one of the
most significant advances in persona! computing of the 19S0's!

And, now, there's a new and jusl-as-exciling magazine specifically
devoted to your Portable Computer. It is called PCM— The Portable
Computing Magazine, and il is published by Ihe same people who bring
you the most popular Color Computer magazine in Ihe world — the
Rainbow.

PCM— The Portable Computing Magazine sells for S3 per copy and
S28 a year by subscription. If, after seeing your first issue, you find il is
not for you. just lei us know. We'll happily, cheerfully and immediately
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Suhscripiions lo PCM— The Portable Compiling Magazine are S2fi a year in
Ihe United Stales Canadian and Mexican rale is S35 U.S. Surlace rate elsewhere
S64 US Air mail SflS.U S Ail subscriptions begin with Ihecurrenl issue. Please
allow 5-6 weeks (or firs! copy

Dimensional Download System), which can download a
human into the world of computer software. Personally, 1
wish Max didn't know how to operate that thing.

It is disconcerting to go to sleep in a nice, warm waterbed
in winter-bound New Hampshire and wake up the next day
in the Old Programs* home guestroom in Program world. I
recognized the room because lVe been here before.

Programworld is a dimensional subdivision where indi-
vidual units of software are born, grow strong, grow old and
retire. Old programs never die. They take their software
social security and go to live in bulletin boards as downloads
or they retire to Ihe Old Programs 1 home.

I dressed in the tuxedo provided in my wardrobe. 1
learned long ago the futility of resisting my environment
when downloaded. 1 had just put on my top hat and adjusted
my lie when my escorts, two programs in training, arrived to
lake me to see the head honcho.

My host turned out to be none other than Grandfather
Adventure, the original collossal cave adventure, written lo
these many years ago on the mainframes, and elected to be
governor of Programworld two years previously. It seemed.
they told me, that I'd been invited to a wedding.

The bride was an unknown but brilliant arcade-style
game. The groom was the very successful and popular
Adventure game. It was like a scene from a bad movie with
the friends and relatives of the bride, all popular or retired
arcade games, sitting on one side of the room while friends
and relatives ofthe groom, all traditional Adventure games,
sat on the other. Each group glared at the other; there was
much anger and hostility between them.

I saw many programs 1 knew as I made my way down the
center aisle to take my place next to Grandfather Adventure
and Pong, senior arcade game in the community. These two
old duffers seemed to be taking the event well, although no
one else appeared too happy at all.

The ceremony progressed speedily until they got to the

(Bob Liddil, Captain Eighty, is a well-known writer on
Color Computer topics who has numerous columns
and several books lo his credit.)

218

the RAINBOW January 1984

|<V^ V M^^WW^V^^M^W» W WM*^^^^W M ^^ ^ *W W < W^ *** <M W > ^

INTERNATIONAL
COLOR COMPUTER CLUBJNC.

Main Office
2101 E. Main St., Henderson, TX 75652

Book & Program's Library
119 County Fair, Houston, TX 77060

Canadian Branch
P.O. Box 7498, Saskatoon, SK S7K-4L4

Parts Library
P.O. Box 1220, Henderson, TX 75653

Voice Line (214) 657-7834* BBS Line (214) 657-8147

World's Largest Color Computer Club

RAINBOW

C(*T*ICAT1QM
Hit.

Color
Computer

Congratulations on your success
in putting together such a fine
group as the " I CCC, Inc."..,

Dal las R. Cox

Questions

Reviews

Letters

News

Discounts

Programs

ArtTid.Eis

Answkks

TRS-80C

MC-IO

To Become a member: Write to the club for an application
in your complete name address, and phone # with the
amount of dues listed below:

USA MEMBERS $30.00 CANADA & MEXICO MEMBERS $40.00
THE USA $50.00 (surface) $90.00 (Air Mail) ALL PRICES

o r send
correct

OUTSIDE

ARE IN

U.S. Dollars. Non-U. S. funds will be rejected. Prices for year.

Discounts offered are from 5% to 25% from Major companies such as
DSL Computer Products, RAINBOW, PCLEAR-80, and much, much more

Our Library contains over 150 programs for CoCo, TDP-100, and MC-
10 along with 20 (or more) R.S. ROMpacks and over 100 good books.

Our Parts Library can save you down time while waiting for a part

for your computer and the price for parts is not that high if you

decide to buy the part instead (eg. CoCo case $28.13 or 64 K chips

for $46). We also do upgrades to your computer for a small $15.00
fee .

For more information or charge application over the phone you can
call either the VOICE Line (regular telephone Line) at (214) 657-
7834 or call the BuLletin Board System at (214) 657-8147.

" Color Computer and MC-10 are Trademarks of the Tandy Corporation
• TRS-80 is a • Trademark of the Tandy Corporation

part where the groom was instructed to "kiss the bride." At
that point, things got weird. He took her into his arms and
kissed her, whereupon they were both engulfed in a brilliant
blue glow. The light grew brighter and the two programs
within grew blurred and indistinct until I could not tell one
from the other. When the light cleared and faded, there was
only one program to be seen.

"It is with great pleasure," said Grandfather Adventure,
addressing the group, "1 present to you, the best of our two
families, molded together into a single superprogram."

He paused dramatically, then gestured toward the new
program still bathed in fading light.

• "I give you the new Calixto Island!" He finished. The
applause was thunderous. Programs began spilling out of
their seats and into the aisles slapping each other on the
backs and congratulating each other.

The party that followed was a real blowout.

Calixto Island (Illustrated) is indeed the wedding of two
exciting and often clashing genres of commercial software.
It combines the brainfare and verbal skills required of the
Adventure player with the brilliant, often animation-quality
graphics techniques found in the best arcade games.

The beginning of the game finds us in a three-room
scenario with an attic, a cellar and a living room depicted in
complex high resolution compu-photographs. The swinging
pendulum of the living room clock adds motion to what
already is a stunningly detailed screen. There are tasks to
perform, clues to decipher and the beginning of a puzzle sure
to take anywhere from weeks to months to solve.

Overall, 1 viewed many more locations and complexities
than 1 can outline without giving away plot or vital clues.
Rest assured that enough pure Adventure exists here side by

side with brilliant graphic enhancement to convert even an
ardent text-adventure fan like myself. I like this one a lot.

Mark Data Products has always been a source of
excellent computer software products. Ca tixto Island was a
hit in its original form. Now, in its pictorial edition, this
excellent Adventure joins the disk-based illustrated compu-
novels which have already made a market splash and cover a
unique segment of consumer computerists by being tape-
based, wholly contained in memory.

Retailers will appreciate the no-nonsense packaging of-
fered here. It is a colorful blister pak, easy to store and
display. The consumer, always well-treated by Mark Data,
will appreciate the attention to detail, lavishly and lovingly
supplied by both the story programmers and the illustrators.

If this is an example of Mark Data products and their
commercial philosophy, then strike up the band! They're
giving more value than cash received.

I slipped away from the party after about an hour and
went to the conference room where I knew 1 would be most
likely to be able to contact Max. I'd already given my best
wishes to the new Adventure and thanks to my hosts. Now it
was time to go.

Sure enough, Max had been standing by waiting for me.
The upload was painless and without incident. Hmmm,
maybe he is getting the hang of this DDS stuff.

Once back in the lab, 1 found a pleasant surprise. Calixto
Island had been loaded into the Color Computer in my
absence. 1 can see out the window that it is beginning to
snow. What better way to spend the day than playing this
new and interesting game.

Sometimes having Max around is not so bad. _

_ /fj%

Saguaro Software

Fetrocci Freelance Associates (tape)

Heart-Lung-Grc Systems 26.75

Bowling Secretary

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Inspeclor Clueseau
Stagecoach

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5 Slories - Children's Adventure

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R.S. disk controller, $135 with
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R.S. disk rnanaat - S 12.00

220

the RAINBOW January 1984

Quality Software Is The
Number One Priority At

K&KCOMPUTORS

LASER TANK - Pit yourself in a game of strategy and
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flag from attacking tanks and destroy them before they
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GAZON - The deadly Gazonians are trying to steal your /23\
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popular "RIPOFF" Arcade Game, this game has color and ,»«<■«
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SERIAL TO PARELLEL CONVERTER - Have a printer

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ASSEMBLY CORNER

Those 'Strange-Looking'

Listings

By D.S. Lewandowski
Rainbow Contributing Editor

This month's issue is dedicated to the beginner. I'm
sure we have a lot of new owners since the visit of the
Red Elf. We would like to welcome them to fellow
ownership of the finest home computer available. Since the
main topic of this series is Assembly Language we will try to
explain the strange looking listings you will find in mag-
azines.

As for you old timers (doesn't that sound nice!}, I have to
explain a little problem I have been trying to rectify. The
final part of Text was indeed complete, however the files
were destroyed, 1 had to wait for the Rainbow to come out to
just catch up to the point where you are. Since you never
write a program the same way twice I have been trying to
finish it again since. As soon as 1 do. it shall be here, thanks
for your patience.

First off we should start by telling you that assembly
language and machine language are different. Assembly
language involves the use of an Editor/ Assembler. The Edi-
tor is the means of entering text, similar to a word processor.
The text is used by the Assembler to form a machine lan-
guage program. The text used by an Assembler is called
source code. The program formed by the Assembler is called
either a machine language program, or binary code.

You will hear some people say that they wrote a program
in machine language, which could be true, however most of
the time they wrote the program in assembly language. Now
to confuse matters evem more, most Editor/ Assemblers
have a monitor {which is nothing like a TV). A monitor is a
machine language program provided to allow the user to
debug, or at least look at, the machine language program
once it is assembled.

To write in assembly language you will need an Editor/
Assembler package. The two I prefer, and can recommend
are: EDTASM+ by Microsoft, sold by Radio Shack; and
SDS80C. or MACRO 80 C (Disk version) sold by Micro
Works. Both packages are well written, fairly easy to use,
and almost totally debugged. Probably 99 percent of the
lime when you see a listing in source code it will have been
written by one of these packages. There are a couple of
minor differences between them, and both have one major
drawback, which we shall attempt to rectify here.

The drawback is that both packages "assume" that you

(Dennis Lewandowski, one of the early authors active
with the Color Computer, specializes in machine
language programming. He and his wife. Rose,
founded DSL Computer Products.)

know how to operate them. The instruction manuals for
both fall into the classification of "fair" reference material.

There is a book available through Radio Shack called
Color Computer Assembly Language Programming by W.
Barden, Jr. It is very good, however it was written about two
years ago, and certain examples won't work with the newer
machines. (See, you were doing it right!) Don't biame Radio
Shack, or the author, it was just a problem with publishers,
and other technical things that go into getting a book on the
shelves. 1 still strongly recommend it.

Okay, enough background, let's get into how do I use this
$50 up package? I'll assume your a complete novice. So
insert your ROM pack, or load the program from disk. By
the way never, never, insert a ROM pack with your compu-
ter powered up. It will "kill" your computer, it says so in
your owner's manual, and with every ROM pack you pur-
chase. Okay, once the program is executed (which means
running — you don't have to take the computer to the wall
each time and offer a blindfold), you find yourself in the
command mode, this means the program is waiting for a
command from you. Since we just started there is no text in
the computer, so we enter the command "I" for insert text.
The EDTASM+ will give you a line number, SDS80C will
not, but will print LINE INSERT across the top of the
screen. Easy young Jedi, let's explain that there are four
columns avail ble to you at this point. Pressing the right
arrow will move you into the second column. Each time you
enter the insert mode, or press enter you will be in the first
column.

Each column has its own special function. The first
column is for labels. These labels are used similar to line
numbers in a basic program, don't confuse the line numbers
in ED 7/1 SM+ with basic line numbers. These numbers are
just for editing. The second column is for the instruction.
The instruction, or action of the line, is also called the
mnemonic, op-code, and operation code. No matter, they all
refer to the same column. The third column is used for data,
it can be a number, a register, a string of text, or blank, this
depends on what is in the instruction column. The fourth
column is used for comments, this column's use is optional.
You would use comments to remind yourself, or tell another
reading your code, what the line is doing. Again you press
the right arrow key to get to the next column in each line.
Once you have finished entering the text you complete the
line by pressing[ENTER]. This automatically puts you into
the next line of text, similar to automatic line numbering. To
exit the insert mode you have to press [BREAK,] which will
bring you back to command mode.

222

the RAINBOW January 19B4

Okay, let's write a program, assemble it, and execute it. In
this program you will see three instruction which are to aid
you, they are [T], [E], [B]. [T] means tab, or press the right
arrow key. [E] means press the [ENTER] key. [B] means
press the [BREAK] key. Do not type in these instructions,
which are indicated in brackets, as you type in the following:

[T]

ORG [T]

$E00 [E]

START [T]

BSR [T]

CLSO [E]

JOYSTK [T]

JSR [T]

SAOOA [E]

LDA [T]

$15 A [E]

[T]

STA [T]

RLVAL [E]

[T]

LDA [T]

S15B [E]

[T]

STA [T]

UDVAL [E]

[T]

LDA [T]

SFFOO [E]

[T]

CM PA [T]

#$7E [E]

[T]

BEQ [T]

CLSO [E]

[T]

LDA [T]

UDVAL [E]

[T]

ASRA [E]

[T]

ASRA [E]

[T]

LDB [T]

#$20 [E]

[T]

MUL [E]

[T]

ADDD [T]

#$400 [E]

TFR [T]

D,X [E]

[T]

LDB [T]

RLVAL [E]

[T]

ASRA [E]

[T]

ABX [E]

[T]

LDA [T]

#$FF [E]

[T]

CMPX [T]

#$5FF [E]

[T]

BGT [T]

FIXX [E]

STORE [T]

STA [T]

,X [E]

[T]

BRA [T]

JOYSTK [E]

CLSO [T]

LDX [T]

#$400 [E]

[T]

LDA [T]

#$80 [E]

LOOP [T]

STA [T]

,X+ [E]

[T]

CMPX [T]

#$600 [E]

[T]

BNE [T]

LOOP [E]

[T]

BRA [T]

JOYSTK [E]

FIXX [T]

LDX [T]

#$5FF [E]

BRA [T]

STORE [E]

RLVAL [T]

FCB [T]

[E]

UDVAL [T]

FCB [T]

[E]

[T]

END [T]

START [E]

[B]

If you typed in the above correctly, you are ready to
Assemble the program. But, before we assemble it, let's save
it on tape. If you have a disk system, read the instructions
which came with your Editor/ Assembler to save your file
except for MA CRO-80C. To save the text, or source code,
enter the command W JOYTEST(E) for EDTASM+. Press
[W] then enter "JO YTEST" for SDS80C. To Assemble, you
have to know how to get the assembler to operate. For
EDTASM+ enter the following commands, A/ WE/ IM [E].
For SDS80C press the [@] amphere key , then press "M" [E].
For MA CRO-80C press the [BREAK] key, it will ask if your
done, answer "Y" for yes. Then save the text to Disk. The
Assembler is a different program, so you have to RUN
"ASSEM."

Whichever of the three ways you do it you have assembled
the text into a machine language progam. The program
exists in two places, first in text in your Editor, second in

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January 1984 the HAINBOW 223

memory as a binary set of instructions. Hopefully you also
have the text in a third place: tape or disk. If you got an error
while assembler was working, it is a typing error. There is no
possible way an assembler can check for programming
errors, it will allow you to write anything as long as you
follow its syntax.

Okay, let's assume everything has gone fine. To execute
the program do the following for your package. EDTASM+
type Z [E] then GSTART [E]. For SDS80C you will be in
A BUG. just type G [E]. For the disk jockeys you have to
LOADM MOYTEST" then EXEC [E]. The program Is
simple enough just move the left joystick around, and the
screen traces it in orange. Pressing the fire button clears the
screen to black. The program is a loop, so you must press the
reset button, on the back of your computer to exit.

Finally, to make a machine language program, so you
don't need to have the ROM pack in while running this
program, follow these steps. EDTASM+ — type A JOY-
TEST [E], SDS80C press [@] then type T JOYTEST [E].
MACRO 80C creates the machine language file from the
text file during assembly. Well that's all for this month, hope
you enjoyed your little trip into assembly language. If you
would like some more info, check Rainbow Technical Edi-
tor Dan Downard's article in this issue and/ or send either a
37<r stamp, or two 20c stamps to DSL Computer Products,
P.O. Box 1113, Dearborn, Mich., 48 1 2 1, for a booklet called
Using An Editor I Assembler.

The Listing:

0E00

00100 ORB IE0O MERE PROGRAM GOES IK HENDRY
00110 tJDYSTICK TE5TIN6 PR06RAN

CGLOFC — FORTH

Including SEMI GRAPH I C-8 EDITOR
+ UTILITIES

-Disk and Tape utilities

—Boot from disk or tape

—Graphics and Sound commands

— Pri nter commands

-Auto-repeat and Control keys

—Fast task multiplexing

-Unique TRACE function in kernal

-Clean INTERRUPT handling
in HIGH-LEVEL FORTH

-CPU CARRY FLAG accessible

-Game of LIFE demo

-ULTRA FAST: written in assembler

-Directions included for
installing optional ROM in
disk controller or cartridge

-Free Basic game "RATMAZE"

FORTH

Hoyt Stearns Electronics

4131 E. CANNON DR. PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85028
602-996-1717

0E0O 60

00120 START

BSR

CLSO

TORN SCREEN BLACK

0E02 M

9F AOOA

O0130 JGYSTX

JSR

UA0OA

SAMPLE JOYSTICK

00140 HIS£ SHIFT DGNN ARR0H i SHIFT RIGHT AARON FDR BRACKETS

0E04 64

015ft

00150

LDA

I15A

RIGHT/LEFT VALUE

0E09 87

0E49

00)40

3TA

RLVAL

SAVE VALUE

0E0C B6

015B

00170

LDA

11 5B

UF.<E'C»>, VALUE

0E0FB7

0E4A

O0IG0

5TA

UDVAL

SAVE VALUE

0E12 86

FF00

00190

LDA

IFF0O

CHECK FOR FIRE BUTTON

OEI5 8I

00200

CNPA

II7E

PRESSED?

0E17 27

III

00210

BEG

CLSO

IF SD CLEAR SCREEN

0O22O tTHIS SETS SCREEN LINE

1 THRU 14

0E19 B4

0E4A

00230

LDA

UDVAL

GET VALUE

OEIC 47

00240

ASRA

DIVIDE BY 2

0E1D 47

00250

ASRA

DIVIDE BY 2 A6AIN

0E1E U

00240

LDB

1120

PUT NEK 20 IN B

OE20 30

00270

HUL

MULTIPLY A*B

0E2I a

0400

002GO

ADDD

1*400

ADD SCREEN OFFSET

0029O IBY THE HAY WW. A =

THE FIRST HALF, B ' SECOND HALF

0E24 IF

00100

TFR

0,1

SAVE THE RESULT IN I

0E24 Ft

OE49

00310

LDB

RLVAL

BET VALUE

0E29 57

00320

ASRB

DIVIDE BY 2

0E2A 3ft

0033O

ABU

ADD B TO VALUE IN 1

0E2B 84

O0340 GT0RE

LOA

t»FF

ORANGE GRAPHIC

0E2O 6C

05FF

00350

CHPI

IIWF

SEE IF OFF SCREEN

OE30 2E

O0340

B6T

Fin

IF SD FII I

0E32 A7

00370

9TA

PUT ON SCREEN

OE34 20

0O3B0

BRA

JOYSTK

DO IT A6AIN

0E34 BE

0400

00390 CLSO

Lit

H400

START OF SCREEN

mi B4

00400

LBA

1180

BLACK GRAPHIC

0E3B A7

00410 LOOP

STA

STDRE CONTENTS DF A

0E3B BC

OiOO

0042O

CHPI

11400

END OF SCREEN H

OE40 24

00430

BNE

LOOP

KEEP B0ING TILL DONE

OE42 20

0044O

BRA

JOYSTK

BACK TO TEST

0E44 BE

05FF

00450 Mil

LJI

II5FF

BQTTDH OF SCREEN

OE47 20

00460

BRA

STORE

BACK TO PROGRAK

0E49

00470 RLVAL

FCB

0E4A

00430 UOVAt

FCE

0000

00490

END

/0%

Back Issue Availability

Back copies of many issues of the RAINBOW are still
available.

All back issues sell for the single issue cover price— which
is $2 for copies of Volume I. Numbers 1-8 (through Febru-
ary, 1982), $2.50 for Volume I, Numbers 9. 10 and 12
(through June except May, 1982) and $2.95 for Volume II,
Numbers 9, 10, II, 12 (March, April, June and July 1983).
Also S3. 95 for Volume 111, Numbers 3—6 (October 1983
through January 1984). In addition, there is a $3.50 charge
per order for postage and handling if sent by United Parcel
Service and $6 for orders sent U.S. Mail. UPS will not
deliver to a post office box or to another country. This
charge applies whether you want one back issue or all of
them.

Most back issues are available on white paper in a reprint
form. Issues out of print include May, July, August, Sep-
tember, October, November, and December. 1982 and Jan-
uary, February, April, 1983. VISA, Master Card and Amer-
ican Express accepted. Kentucky residents please add 5
percent state sales tax.

Due 10 heavy demand, we suggest you order back issues
you want now while supplies last.

In addition, copies of the cover only of the July, 1982,
Anniversary Issue are available separately for $1 each, plus
50 cents shipping and handling. These are suitable for
framing.

224

the RAINBOW January 1984

RAINBOW REVIEWS

Airline

A High Flying Strategy Gam e/Ad venture International 260

Balloon Attack

A Game . . . But A Better Learning Tool/ Computer Shack 274

Body Parts

Demonstrates Artificial lntelligence/E//fe Software 276

Bomber Command

Simulates History/Arft Royal Games 256

Buzzard Bait

Tom Mix Flies Again/Tom Mix Software 278

Cassette Controller

Gives Total Control/ Wcffron 252

Colour Software Workbench

A pascal Toolbox/Deft Systems Inc 290

Command Stream Processor

A Powerful Useful Utility/Custom Software Engineering 286

Comp-U-Trace

Nice But Not Worth The Price/ Alt Event Video Productions 287

Data Doctor

Tableside Manner Unfriendly/Superior Graphic Software .270

Dragonfly Fan

Cooling Your Hot CoCo/Dragon Software . .264

DYFIN

A Useful Financial Planning Package/ Dynamic Electronics 268

Early Games

This Head Start Program Rates Grade A/Counter Point Software, Inc 280

Fembot's Revenge

An Exciting Space Adventure/Co/or Quesf Games 237

Flash cards

Good Learning Tool For School And Joh/Harmonycs 258

Glaxxons

Prepare For Tough Battle/Mart Dafa 265

Guess The Animal

Demonstrates Artificial Intelligence/EWre Software .276

Instrument Flight Simulator

Is The Right Stuff/KRT Software 232

Isle Of Fortune

A Real Treasure/Pa/ Creations 262

Jail

Spelling Is Fun/Mr. R's Software 261

Junior's Revenge

Tangling With The Vinegators/Compuferware 240

Light Pen

Mightier Than Stick/Co/onvare inc 242

Mastermail

Mailing List Program Is No Fly-By-Night/Specfrum Projects 266

Money Manager

Is Creditworthy/fte/fz Electronics 272

Panic Button

Ah, What Sweet Revenge/E/rsr Sfar Software, Inc 230

Peanut Butter Panic

Makes You Stick Together/ffaoVo Shack 254

Prereader

Provides Fun For Adults And Kids/ Sugar Software 288

Programmer's Toolkit

A Useful Assemblage/ Moreton Bay Software 228

Rainbow's Corner

Educationally Enriching And Fun For Child ren/Rainbow's Corner 246

SPLC-1

Lowercase For The Color Computer/Sa(urn Software 296

Schematic Drafting Processor

A Word Processor For D raw ings/Specf rum Projects 282

Snoopy And The Red Baron

Give Him Room And He Really Flies/S & S Arcade Supplies 234

Stellar Search

Keeps On Treking/OvW- Ware 251

VIP Terminal

Still A Super "Color" Terminal/Soff/aw Corporation ; 229

Zeus

Electrifying, Action Packed Fun/AaroVar* Limited ■ 294

January 1984 the RAINBOW 225

reviewing

REVIEWS

VOICE-PAK

Editor:

The November issue of the Rainbow con-
tained one review and one article on the
speech products from Spectrum Projects.
Both were very favorable but both conveyed
a rather large misconception to your reader-
ship.

I am Frank Delargy. president of DEL
Software and author of the speech programs
that are sold with the Spectrum V o ice- Pa k
and other speech synthesizers, including
those from Speech Systems and Kelty
Engineering.

In his very favorable and much appre-
ciated review of the Voice- Pa k, Bruce
Rothcrmel made a few statements that really
should be explained more clearly. When
Bruce wrote, "What makes the speech so
understandable is a phonem dictionary . . ,
if a word is not in the dictionary, it reverts to
the phonetic rules stored in the chip," a
major error (from my point of view) was
made. First, the Votrax chip has no rules
whatsoever, stored in it. The sole function
performed by the chip is to make a short
noise when one of 64 codes is transmitted to
it. It does not know how to pronounce any-
thing. What really makes the computer pro-
nounce words is about 5,000 bytes of 6809
codecontained in the program TRNSLA TE
orTRNSLTI6. There arc over 500 separate
rules and decisions that the program makes
in order to translate English text into Votrax
codes. These rules will accurately pronounce
practically any word in the English lan-
guage. When a word does not follow the
rules it can be placed in the dictionary along
with the proper pronunciation (in Votrax
phonemes). The dictionary is, in essence, an
exception table needed only for a very small
percentage of the words you might wish to
speak out. The word "one" is in the diction-
ary because it does not Conform to the nor-
mal rules of English language pronunciation.

Frank Delargv
DEL Software

FUNDFILE

Editor:

After reading the review of Fuiulfi!e in the
November issue of Rainbow magazine. I felt
compelled to comment on it, Fundfile is a
computer program for use by investors for
managing their stock and fund investments.
The review of Fundfile by Ed Lowe appears
to be a mismatch of reviewer and program.
Mr, Lowe stales in the review that he doesn't
"happen" to have a portfolio of stocks
and/ or funds lying around" and he "thinks

that money is safest under the mattress." He
obviously doesn't need Fundfile to keep
track of his investments.

We feel Mr. Lowe's comments on "the
difficult to follow documentation" may be
partly due to his unl'amiliarity with the
investment field, hul we also recognize that
porgram documentation is important and
can generally be improved. We are rewriting
the documentation so that novice investors
will find it easier to follow and easier to use
Fundfile (and its companion program,
Fimdgraf, which was reviewed favorably in
January '83 Rainbow). We expect to com-
plete the rewriting by December.

R. E. Parsons. President
Parsons Software

MOTORBIKE CHALLENGE

Editor:

After reading the software review of
Motorbike Challenge by Pal Downard in
the October issue of the Rainbow, 1 bought
this game from Microcom Software. I fully
agree wilh the review lhai it is a thrilling
game for motorbike adventure lovers. My
younger brother and ! play and enjoy iia lot!
We know that we can count on your judg-
ment and review. Thank you for recom-
mending this game for CoCo users. Keep Lip
the good work!

Gary T. Jes
Cincinnati, OH

THAT'S INTERESTING

Editor:

Mr. Parks' review of our interest pro-
grams (November '83) described a minor
bug in Ihe program. Although his descrip-
tion of the mechanism was quite inaccurate,
we did find a problem which was triggered
by an unexpected and unusual set of input
parameters and did result in the indicated
effect. Obviously, ii has now been corrected.

Melvin llefter
Custom Software Engineering, Ine.

STATEMENT WRITER

Editor;

In Mr. Hogan's review of our Statement
Writer program (December "83), he slates,
"The real power of both DDE[Doubie Disk
Entry] and SIT' is the ability that has been
designed into both programs lor user modi-
fication!' Statement Writer lias been de-
signed and documented lo allow [or easy
user modification, We came up with a rea-
sonable statement format for general use on

plain paper, but we also knew that many
users would want lo pul in changes to
accomodate preprinted forms or olher spe-
cial requirements. This was the reason for
the "designed to change" concepi.

But DDE is different. It does have its high
level code in Basic and a user proficient in
basic could change this code if he desired,
bui DDE was not designed or documented
wilh user change in mind. The user docs set
up the account structure (without any change
to the program code) and this does drive the
format and coment of the standard ac-
counting reports DDF generates. The user
does customize the total system for his
needs, but this is usually done without any
changes to the DDE program itself.

Melvin Hefter
Custom Software Engineering, Inc.

MATH FACT

Editor:

I'm a third-grade teacher and have used
B-5's Mathf'aci program (September 1983,
Page 202) I felt Rick Cobello overlooked
some of the strengths oT the program in his
recent review.

First, the program con la ins a choice of
addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division facts, or a mixed presentation all in
one program. This is a good value. This also
allows the teacher; parent a choice of how to
present the material.

Second, all the problems within the set are
presented ensuring the student will receive
practice on any problem with which he/she
may need additional help. I have used pro-
grams where the facts appeared randomly
and the student has never encountered the
particular fact he needed to work on.

Third, the answer is not given if a fact is
missed because the program branches back
to the pictures of blocks. The students may
count the blocks to determine the answer.
Hopefully, this will help the student re-
member the answer longer and reinforce the
mathematical concepts behind each opera-
tion. The ncxi best thing to counting real
blocks is counting a picture of blocks. Help-
ing ihe child lo discover the answer for him-
self is more educationally sound than merely-
giving the answer,

! also Teel Mr. Cobello missed the point of
the "Guess the Number" game at the end of
the drill. The chance lo play ihe game is the
reward, not the winning of the game. Side-
learning is an additional benefit from the
game when the child uses ideas of greater
than, less l ban, and when ihe child approxi-
mates with reason ins; to ttuess (he number.

226

Ihe RAINBOW January 19S4

I Cake exception to Mr, Cobell's comment

that drill and practice programs should be
left to paper and pencil unless the presenta-
tion is unique. I know of no paper and pencil
program which branches back to symbolic
pictures as soon as a student gives an incor-
rect response. Elementary students spend
much of their time drilling and practicing.
Why shouldn't they have the opportunity to
enjoy practicing on a computer as well as
paper and pencil?

In conclusion I have found Mathfaci to be
a worthwhile program. I'm glad I've had the
opportunity to use it.

Mrs, M. J. Burger
Vermilion, OH

LOWRCASE

Editor:

By now you 're probably aware oft he g rea t
disservice done to your readers by Mr. Ed
Lowe's review of our LOWRCASE pro-
gram in the December issue of Rainbow. It
would have been nice ii' he reviewed our
program, but instead lie reviewed the
LPVfl DM1 1 1 00 printers.

The reviewer first gave his opinion of the
printer when he said he invested in a LPVI1
to have "some means of listing programs . . ."
His opinion when he needed better quality
characters was: "f simply saved my pennies"
and bought a better printer. So why bother
with the LPVII/DMPI00; it's "not worth
the effort" — 1 can't believe he means this.
There are many LPV11 owners that cannot
afford to upgrade and would rather spend
the SI 5,95 for our program. The reviewer
calls our program "loo expensive," yet the
price of our program is much less than
another $400 or so for a printer upgrade.
So. instead of a quality review with con-
structive criticism (there was none), the
reviewer proceeds to give the mistaken
impression to the readers that our program
is no good. If this is the type of review that
you approve of then we will not submit
future programs for review, but will let them
sell on their own merits.

I hope that interested readers will contact
us directly for the correct information about
the LOWRCASE program; we would hate
to see them do without true descenders
because of this review. It istoolatctofix the
damage done by this review; but 1 will again
ask for a review of our program, and not the
LPVII. DM PI 00 printers. Thank you.

Ken Elder
KRT Software

VOCABULARY BUILDER

Editor:

I would like to commend Sieve Blyn from
Computer Island on the articles he has sub-
mitted and the expressed care he has shown
in preparing educational programs. 1 spent
some time in preparing the review of the
Vocabulary Builder program (September
I9H3) and agonized greatly over I he some-
what negative lone which 1 was sure the
review would carry. However, in my opin-
ion, the criticisms were appropriate. Al-
though not staled in the review, 1 did indeed

try the program with children. The opinions
were, at best, mixed. In all fairness, the sam-
ple of children was very small and hardly
constituted a fair test of opinions that might
be expected and certainly did not constitute
an adequate lest of the program's effective-
ness. I, therefore, chose not to include ihose
opinions.

The main strength of the program would
be the inclusion of a large amount of ques-
tions, provided ihere was a probability that
content of the program was fully covered. I
am in favor of using "random order of pres-
entation" of questions {which was used by
this program) and go one step further by
slating that the order in which answers arc
presented should be random. Although the
order of answer presentation may have been
initially randomized, each time the same
question a ppcared the same order of answers
appears with this program. However, 1 do
noi feel that once a good representation of
content is chosen, thai the selection of which
content is presented should he a random
process. Such a method (as was used in this
program) has the following effect.

1 ) There is a good probability that most,
if not all, students will not receive full cover-
age of the intended content.

2) There is an even belter probability that
the coverage of content across individuals
will be uneven. Some individuals will receive
greater exposure to a smaller number of
items. Other individuals will receive a lesser
exposure to a greater number of items.
There is no "guarantee" that a specified
number of questions will be repealed an
some questions will be new. In fact, it is
possible (assuming an adequate randomiz-
ing model is used) thai some individuals
could see only 50 items while others could
see all 200 ilems.

I used a statistical model and computer
generation lo determine ihe number of words
that would be unused for any specified
number of trials and the Vocabulary Builder
program. The computer generation proce-
dure duplicates the number of words that
would be exposed to 100 individuals who
were given 10 trials with the program. The
results of both methods were nearly identi-
cal. It would be expected thai less than 75
percent of the total available words would be
used after four trials with Vocabulary Build-
er. However, had the program heen seg-
mented into four equal pans of 50 words
each, the entire content could be covered
without a single repetition.

If repetition is desirable, then the seg-
mented method could be repeated again.
After eight trials, each individual could be
exposed twice to all of the eonieni. How-
ever, the method used by Vocabulary Builder
does not guarantee this type of exposure. In
eight trials (using the method employed in
Vocabulary Builder), it is expected that less
than 90 percent of the content would be
covered for most individuals and certain
individuals could be exposed to as I it lie as 25
percent ol' the total content.

If I had considered ihis matter simply triv-
ial. I would noi have commented further on
this review. 1 believe that several methods

that would employ full coverage of the con-
lent would offer a more efficient learning
experience. Mr. Blyn has replied that memo-
rizing of the position of an answer was a
problem in field tests and, therefore, the
method used was appropriate. However, the
program does not randomize answer posi-
tion across repetitions. Further, randomizing
the order of question presentation (as well as
answer position) is possible without sacrific-
ing full coverage of content.

Mr. Blyn takes issue with a suggestion
that the possible reduction of the amount of
memory is an appropriate criticism. If a sim-
ilar program proves to be more effective or
even only equally effective, then the less
memory required the belter. Schools or par-
ents with limited budgets could utilize the
program on less expensive equipment. Per-
haps the reduction from 32K to 4K would
sacrifice more advantages than would be
gained. However, by breaking ihe program
into four programs consisting of 50 ilems
each is viable for a I6K. machine and in my
view advisable,

I am not suggesting the inclusion of less
vocabulary words in the tola! package, but
rather that you consider alternative (perhaps
less memory dependent) methods for pres-
enting those words. Including four sets of 50
words (four separate programs on one tape)
is one of many methods that could be used.

In relation to using an INPUT vs. an
IN KEY routine, Mr. Blyn offers some very
valid arguments. I would still prefer the
quicker pace that using a single key stroke
would allow. Research appears to support
quicker paced material over slower paced
presentation. However. I could not state lor
certain that his would lead to more effective
learning for this particular program. On the
other hand, an INKEY routine docs noi
negale the use ol error correction. Consider
the following routine:

10 X$=INKEYS: IF X$=CHR$(8) THEN
A$="":7@160."":GOTO 10 ELSE IF A$=
CHR$(I3)THEN GOTO 20 ELSE IFX$=
>"A"ANDAS<"D"THEN A$=XS:?(ai60,
AS: GOTO 10 ELSE GOTO 10
20 REM THE ROUTINE TO CHECK
FOR COR RECT ANSWERS GOES HERE

This routine allows for changing to an-
other answer or erasing an answer. The
INPUT routine used in the Vocabulary
Builder program allowed the input of infor-
mation beyond ihe space provided for that
answer, thus a si tide nt could erase pari of the
existing screen before pressing [ENTER].
The Rainbow sends a set of instructions to
its reviewers. Reviewers arc told to offer
suggestions about how a program can be
improved, 1 feel thai suggestions for im-
provement for the Vocabulary Builder pro-
gram are especially appropriate since the
documentation invites the user to alter the
program for their own uses. I think that,
upon rellection, Mr. Blyn would agree that a
discussion of programming techniques is
appropriate for a review where such sugges-
lionsare aimed at improving the quality and
usefulness of the product.

Dr. Charles H. San tee
Darien, IL

January 1984

the RAINBOW

227

Software RevfewZ

K?\

Programmer's Toolkit
A Useful Assemblage

] recently received a tape of programs collectively called
The Programmer's Toolkit. The toolkit consists of a series
of six machine language programs, each designed to aid in
the programmer's work. Of the six, I quickly settled on two
programs which I found to be most useful.

The first is called CROSSREF. It is a cross-reference
program which will go through a BASIC program and gener-
ate two cross-reference listings. The first contains all the
numeric variables followed by all the string variables in
alphabetical order. The number of every line in which each
variable is used is printed next to the variable.

The second list contains all line numbers referenced by
GOTO or GOSVB along with the number of each line
containing the GOTO or GOSUB.

A nice feature of this program is that it tests for a printer
being connected and ready. If one is, the lists are printed;
otherwise they are displayed on the screen.

The first time I used this program, I thought something
was wrong. When it began to EXECute, a sign-on message
appeared and then the computer just sat there. As it turned

STATES **expanoep**

A STATISTICAL JVWLTSJS PF.OGF.pn, Tt-HT rALr_LLATES-PEPN.--UARIANM
PI«D STfWWO PEUIATION FOF PDTN SBPPLE5 0|f FDrULPTJON
FEFnUTAUDN AND COP0INPTIDN5. * and T TESTS, CUPUE FITTING,
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HANDY Co rp

out, the program was generating the list and sorting it into
sequence. Once that task was completed, the list printed at
full printer speed. Actually, this program runs considerably
faster than a similar program I saw on an IBM-PC!

The next program that I find myself using heavily is the
one called EDIT. It is an editor for basic lines that is
considerably easier to use than CoCo's own editor. Al-
though it is called a "full screen" editor, it works on only one
line at a time. Its features include full cursor control using
the arrow keys, a very nice insert function, character delete
and non-destructive backspace. A feature I like is the ability
to copy a line somewhere else in the program by changing
the line number. There is also auto-repeat on all keys.

EDIT also has a list feature that lists from some starting
line number and fills one screen. To continue the listing
simply hit [ENTER].

There are two weaknesses in EDIT. First, there is no enter
mode as such. It can be used to enter a program but it was
obviously not designed for it. The second weakness I con-
sider to be a major deficiency — it will not add a line with a
line number lower than the highest line number in the pro-
gram. If you are editing a program and have to add an
overlooked line of code you must exit EDIT, add the line
through standard BASIC, and then return to EDIT.

The other four programs in the toolkit are nice to have but
used less frequently than CROSSREF and EDIT.

The program called CMERGE merges two or more BASIC
programs. The procedure uses a series of PEEKs and
POKEs has been documented in these pages several times.
In the toolkit we have a program to do all the work for us.

CHAINRUN is a mixed basic and machine language
program that provides the capability of chaining from one
program to the next — a feature of many disk systems but not
previously available for CoCo cassette programs.

HEXEDIT allows the user to view and modify any
memory location. A nice feature of HEXEDIT as compared
to some other monitors I have seen is that it displays a block
of locations in hex on the upper area of the display and the
ASCII contents of those same locations in the lower half.
This makes it particularly easy to pick out text-type data.

Finally, DUMP is a subset of HEXEDIT that only dis-
plays memory locations without any ability to change them.

The Programmer 's Toolkit requires at least 16K but
Extended BASIC is not required.

( M o ret o n B a j> S oft ware, 3 1 6 Ca st illo St reet , Sa nta B arbara ,
CA 93101, $28.95)

—James G. Kriz

BIBLE BOOKS GAME

An Educational Game For All Ages

Home - Church - Bible School

Learn the Books of the Bible the Easy Way

Cassette- $14.95 16k

*******

BIBLE TIC TAC TOE

A Fun Game for Two
Cassette ■ $12.95 16k

SUNRISE SOFTWARE SERVICES

P. 0. Box 1012

Bradenton, Florida 33506

Florida residents add 5% sales tax

228

the RAINBOW

January 19B4

Software Review!

The VIP: Still A Super
"Color" Terminal

By Jim Reed

When Tom Nelson asked me a few weeks ago why the
Rainbow had never reviewed VIP Terminal (formerly
known as Super "Color" Terminal). I told him I was quite
sure we had; he just must have missed it. After all, it is one of
the Rainbow's, work tools. We use it every day.

On hanging up the phone I grabbed an index and
searched; I couldn't find a review. Well, any of us here at the
Rainbow could review this old friend. I suppose that omis-
sion of a review on this first-rale piece of software is sort of
like not seeing your glasses because you have them on.
Anyway, this excellent utility deserves its due. so let's
remedy that, pronto.

The VIP Terminal. I've gone through a lot of changes with
this benchmark of terminal programs; introduced to it as a
tape program, learned to trust it as a ROM pack, and grown
to rely on it as my single, most often used disk utility.

The VIP Terminal is one of several ''intelligent" terminal
programs on the market. Intelligent terminal programs are
those that have such features as uploading and download-
ing, printing out the buffer, saving the buffer — that do what
the "dumb" terminal you bought you know where won't do.
If you have a modem and intend to communicate with other
computers, you need an intelligent terminal program like
VIP Terminal.

VIP Terminal has all the features needed to engage in
data communication. Yes, some other programs now on the
market may have a bell or whistle that this veteran doesn't,
but the VIP Terminalis loaded with features and has every-
thing you need to communicate with most any computer or
microcomputer with RS-232 capabilities. It can handle any
type of text in any system.

When you load in VIP Terminal from disk, it automati-
cally checks to see how much memory your computer has
and will allocate buffer space accordingly- up to 5 IK. (if
you have 64K and don't use the Hi-Res formal which
requires 7K itself). Among its features, the VIP Terminal
has:

—Selectable screen formats. 32 by 16, and 51, 64 or 85
columns by either 21 or 24 lines (for a tola! of nine display
sizes). While several of my friends and associates prefer the
51 by 24 display, I like the more familiar 32 by 16 because it
scrolls more quickly (the extra processing time for the Hi-
Res software routines makes them slower than the standard
32 by 16 display that is built right into the CoCo's hardware)
and the print is much larger. An added feature ofany of the
Hi-Res modes, though, is true lowercase instead of inverse
video. Additionally, the 64-column mode offers a choice of
wide or narrow character sets. One note: the 85-column
mode is very hard to read and should be considered only a
formatting screen.

— Four display color choices (except in I6K). In the 32 by
16 mode, you can have either a green or an orange back-
ground. In the Hi-Res modes, your color options are black
characters on either a green or a white background, or green
or white characters on a dark background (inverse video).

— Word wrap-around. If an entire word won't fit at the
end of a given line, it is automatically moved down to the

next line. Most of us take this feature for granted, but how
primative it would feel now not to have it.

Graphics support. Yes, you can receive, and send, pic-
tures as well as text.

— Modified parameters. While, for many uses, you may
not need to change the RS-232 protocol, there are many
times you may require non-standard parameters— for in-
stance, when 1 need to send something directly from the
CoCo to the Rainbow's typesetting computer. On loading
VIP Terminal, the parameters are initialized for the most
common protocol and if you are in doubt when changing
parameters, hitting [ENTER] usually will cause the pro-
gram to default to the most often used value for that given
parameter.

— Buffer display and/ or printout. It's nice to be able to
page through the buffer's contents, first to satisfy yourself
that you have what you're after by actually seeing the con-
tents on the display screen, and also to pass by any large
blocks you don't want to print out. Since I frequently load
substantial material into the buffer and usually only want to
print out a smalt portion, this is useful. It would be even
handier, though, if 1 could write to and edit the buffer
without having to transfer the contents to a word-processing
program. Maybe a primitive editor could be added.

— Keystroke multipliers (KSMs). Keystroke multipliers—
or should we call them keystroke reducers — allow you to
create and edit up to 10 short messages which can then be
sent with just two keystrokes. The messages can be as long as
255 characters. Not only are these useful for repetitive
phrases, but you feel more like you've harnessed a bit of
computer power when you press, say. [CLEAR] [2] and
your BBS I.D. number slides onto the screen in answer to a
host computer inquiry. Then [CLEAR] [3], and your pass-
word is sent, too.

— Disk commands. VIP Terminal allows you to load,
save, rename, change default name, kill a file, and display
disk directory. All of these commands are similar to those in
the Radio Shack DOS. but VIP's directory command also
shows the number of free granules available and an asterisk
will denote any faulty disk that should not be written to. VIP
TerrMfnah mini disk operating system is also used in other
VIP Library programs.

There are several other features, such as Xon/ Xoff. low-
ercase masking and selectable trapping that make the VIP
Terminal highly versatile, whether you arc receiving infor-
mation or transferring it to another computer, downloading
or uploading UASIC programs, transmitting or receiving
binary files, using intelligent modems, communicating be-
tween two Color Computers, or even communicating with a
dumb terminal. In my opinion, the 33-pages of instructions
in the handsome binder is one of the best examples of good
documentation you're likely to come across.

The VIP Terminal. 1 recommend it without reservation as
a quality product. In the times I've used it, I've had only one
problem: 1 did encounter some trouble handling ASCII files
when using an earlier version, but that problem has been
solved with the latest version.

VIP Terminal is both user-friendly and thoroughly pro-
fessional. Dan Nelson is clearly a top-rate programmer and
Tom Nelson's expertise also shines through the well-written
operator's manual. The VIP Terminal is still a super color
terminal.

(Softlaw Corp., 9072 Lyndale Avenue South, Minneapolis,
MN 55420. Disk or ROM pack, $49.95)

January 1984 the RAINBOW 229

Software Review!

Panic Button —
Ah, What Sweet Revenge

It was finally my chance to do something I've always
wanted to do to just about every boss I've ever had- — throw a
cake in his face. All that pent up aggression raced through
my fingertips as 1 slung that messy cake . . . and he didn't
even duck! He asked for it though, screaming at me to move
quickly as I assembled robots, cakes, houses, televisions,
lamps and telephones on his speedy conveyor belt.

If you like a Hi-Res graphics game filled with race-
against-the-clock action, Panic Button is for you. In this
I6K. ECB game, your boss wants an order fully assembled
and filled immediately or you are fired! In the beginning of
the game, you choose which objects you wish to assemble,
thus picking the desired skill level. The higher the skill level,
the faster the conveyor belt moves.

Each object is dropped onto a moving conveyor belt in
three pieces. Using your joystick, you must manuever your
worker next to each piece and, by pressing the button, pick
up and drop the three pieces on top of one another in proper
sequence to make a complete object. Each piece or complete
object moves along the conveyor belt to the bottom of the
screen. You will get credit for each completed object that
exits the screen.

To progress to the next skill/ object level, you must
assemble at least as many as the order requires in two
minutes. After successfully completing two consecutive lev-
els, you are given the exciting and well deserved chance to

FILEBOX/16 HOME FILING SYSTEM

RID YOURSELF OF THOSE NUMEROUS PAPER FILES
AROUND THE HOUSE. ENTER THE INFORMATION AGE
WITH FILEBOX/16, THE HOME FILING SYSTEM FOR THE 16K
COLOR COMPUTER.

Create, change, update, delete, search, sort and list files you
define. You don't have to be a programmer to use this system.
For the TRS-80 Color Computer with 16K Extended BASIC and

one disk drive.

Applications are virtually unlimited. Use for address lists, car
repair records, household inventories, book and record
collections, tax records, etc. You can use FILEBOX/16 to print
mailing labels. This use alone is worth your purchase price.

Each file you create can contain any number of records. Each
record can contain up to 10 fields and 256 characters. Print
records to screen or printer.

FILEBOX/16 IS EASY TO USE. This is NOT a system which
requires that you (earn special keys and operations. It is
completely menu-driven. Has built-in lessons to supplement the
20 page loose-leaf User Guide.

FILEBOX/16 is written in BASIC with a machine language sort.
It uses efficient formatted direct access file logic contained in 8
programs you control from a menu.

Only $39.90 plus $2.00
shipping and handling.

New Jersey residents please add S2.40 for sales lax.

Mail check or money order to:

CIRCLING STAR SOFTWARE CO.

P.O. Box 1218

Freehold. NJ 07728

Phone: (201) 431-3660 after 6 p.m.

FILEBOX/16 « 1983 by Luke Watson

TRS-80 is a trademark o( the Tandy Corp,

RAINBOW

throw a cake at the nasty boss' face.

Sound easy? Precision, timing and dexterity are keys to
the game. Once you break stride and the orders start passing
you by, you quickly panic. Suddenly, pieces of unfinished
objects fly around the screen, distracting you from com-
pleting your task. Some pieces will hit you in the head, while
others just interfere with the production process. When you
feel the tension build, maneuver your worker up and down
over the Panic Button on the screen while you push the
joystick button. The conveyor belt will stop for a brief time

a*. 1:1

so you can assemble incomplete objects. But, the conveyor
belt will begin moving again and your ugly boss' face will
appear, making an annoying, grumbling noise. No doubt,
it's a warning to get your butt in gear.

Panic Button provides colorful graphics, good sound and
adequate instructions. The screen not only provides you
with game play, but shows you how many orders you are
required to complete, how many you have completed, the
time and the Panic Button, At the bottom of the screen your
score, skill level and highest score appear. The sound effects
are a good adaptation of what each action really sounds like.
For instance, when a piece of an object drops from the top of
the screen onto the conveyor belt, a dropping "boop" sound
is made.

The hardest skill to master is maneuvering your worker
next to a piece and placing it on another. You usually get
cake toppings or robot feet on your head as you run up and
down the conveyor belt. I'm sure that gives the boss a hearty
laugh.

One of the best features of Punic Button is that it is
addictive. After the screen says "You are fired," you find
yourself pushing the joystick button to play another round —
especially if you have almost completed two rounds and
have just missed the chance to throw that cake. The only
aggravating part is, you must start from the beginning and,
again, successfully complete two levels.

1 thoroughly enjoyed Panic Button and think it is well
worth the price. I recommend it to anyone who enjoys
action-packed fun and sweet revenge.

(First Star Software, Inc., 22 East 41st St., Ne*v York, NY
10(117, tape $24.95, cartridge $39.95)

—Susan Kcmini

230

the RAINBOW

January 1984

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Software Review!

r?^\

This Flight Simulator
Is The Right Stuff

As 1 lowered myself into the cockpit of the F- 1 6 fighter my
heart raced with excitement, A quick check of the instru-
ments and I was ready. 1 slowly pushed the throttle forward
and the nimble craft leapt down the runway and into the air.
Gear up, flaps us and ! was away. I pulled back on the stick
gently and lifted the aircraft into a near vertical climb. But
wait, what's that you say? You're not in the Air Force and
the closest you've ever been to the cockpit of a jet aircraft is
the first class lavatory on a 727? , , , Not to worry, because
now you can fly to your heart's content while still comforta-
bly seated at your 32K Color Computer with K.RT Soft-
ware's F-I6 Instrument Flight Simulator.

As an airline transport rated pilot, 1 have spent a consid-
erable number of hours at the controls of jet aircraft and 1
can tell you that this is a very realistic simulation of jet Right.
It is by far the best flight simulator 1 have seen for CoCo.
Pilots will recognize it as realistic and non-pilots will learn a
lot about instrument Hying in particular and flying in
general from it.

The graphics in this one are super. The instrument panel
looks and functions like the instrument panel in a real
airplane. 1 particularly like the attitude indicator, which to
the uninitiated, will seen to be operating backwards when
indicating a bank. This is not so. It functions exactly like the
real thing, you just have to remember that you and the
airplane are rotating around the horizon, not vice-versa.
The panel is marked in blue and red and the sky outside the
cockpit is blue. There is also a heads up display (HUD) that
shows you where you are in relation to the runway and, once
you are established on the instrument approach course, it
becomes an 1LS indicator complete with localizer and glide
slope. This is where there is one of the lew faults in the
program. The glide slope gives you true fly toward the
needle indications but the localizer is backwards; that is, you
must fly away from the needle in order to center it and thus
be lined up with the runway center line during an instrument
approach. I would very much like to see this corrected, lor it
would make this simulation a very effective tool for real
flight instruction.

One of the options this simulation provides is the ability
to select elevator and aileron sensitivity so that you can
tailor the aircraft's flight characteristics to your own skill
level. At the higher levels the aircraft really becomes sensi-
tive to small control inputs. You can also select a mode in
which a closed triangular course is provided for you to
navigate. There is also a a night flying option.

You can perform acrobatic maneuvers but there is a quirk
here. Whenever you perform a roll or a loop you must
perform the maneuver completely through 360 degrees. If
you half-loop and then roll back to level flight the controls
will be crossed. A split S will produce the same result. While
in inverted flight, however, the controls are reversed just as
they are in real inverted flight.

Gear and flaps function as in a real aircraft (be sure and
power when you lower them because the aircraft will decel-
erate rapidly with them extended) and arc controlled
through keyboard inputs. One thing I noticed here is that the
documentation says to press the "G" key to lower the gear
but actually you must press the "D" key for gear down. After
a landing information is provided in text form about the
quality of the landing. If you should crash the screen goes
crazy and then provides flight recorder data about the crash.

Two joysticks are required. 1 suggest the use of a spring
center return joystick for the primary flight controls {aileron
and elevator) as this gives some sensation of the liveliness of
a real airplane's controls. A free-floating joystick should be
used for the throttle so it can be positioned and left alone.

Finally there is one weakness that I, as a pilot, would like
to see improved. In a real airplane, landings and descents
(not dives) are usually made in a slightly nose up attitude,
controlling aircraft speed with pitch attitude and rate of
descent with power. This may seem strange to you non-
pilots, but it's the way it's done (especially on landing). In
this simulation if you place the aircraft in a constant nose
level of nose up attitude it will maintain altitude or climb
regardless of power setting or airspeed (unless you are below
stall speed, then you drop like a brick). This makes touch-
downs un realistically difficult because you must touchdown
in a slightly nose down attitude. It's less of a problem during
an instrument approach but still slightly unrealistic as you
must execute a shallow dive down the approach course and
the only way to control speed is to hang out gear and flaps
and use power. If this were corrected and the localizer
indication corrected you would probably need a pilot's
license to run this one.

Documentation is good and provides all the needed
information to get you started on your Hying career. The
publishers also slate that the program will be upgraded from
time to time and that owners will be entitled to these
upgrades at "little or no" cost. Let's see, if they added some
visual (through the windshield) graphics and some combat
features . , , Well, you could go on and on. but with the
promise of future updates and the excellent program that
already exists, this could only be called "the right stuff."

(KRT Software, P.O. Box 41395, St. Petersburg, FL 33743,
SI 9.95, cassette)

—David Johnson

WoodHeat

t'OPl 1*K EiC^Kl

STOVE MONITOR SYSTEM

* AL.ARrl M&filM& IP FL.IIG TGMf*. &OS&

HBOW& CM »£/..£>*/ LJ£3G:iS: SET L.ZM2T&
«• ft- OTIS SR«F»I-1 * EiaO^ T& 1 rJSST <*I_L-

#■ Mf*XTT£?.H XH BASIC OH CASSETTE

X Hats z Pi 7 e: 3

.Kf OMU£P)£;

fi s; p; p of* j* K

WOOD HEAT

103I THIRD AVE.
» 5* O 1 > «£>«! — ?■ J* 33 32

232

the RAINBOW January 198-1

Ifsno job to give the perfect
gift for this Christmas.

Get the ball rolling and fill out
the form above to give some-
one a RAINBOW certificate in
time for the holidays.

Subscriptions to the Rainbow are 522 per year
($28 after 1-1-84) , in the United Slates. Cana-
dian and Mexican rate is U.S. $29 ($35 after
1 -1-B4). Surface rate to other countries is
U.S. S57 ($65 after 1-1-84); air rale is A J£>

scriptions begin with current Issue. ^t^l-O N^

Please allow up to 5-6 weeks for x*^L ** ^ ft

first copy. - : - ■■'''

Software Review!

r/^v

Give Him Room And
Snoopy Really Flies

Snoopy And The Red Baron, by Bob Schmerling, is a
good example of the power of the CoCo's Extended Color
BASIC, The program is advertised as a 1 6K game, but the
package I reviewed included both I6K and 32K versions.
There's a lot of difference between the two versions, and, as
might be expected, the 32 K version is far superior to the I6K
version.

This two-player game comes nicely packaged in an attrac-
tive plastic book-shaped box containing the cassette tape
and instructions for the I6K version. The two game players
portray the "World War 1 Flying Ace" and the infamous
Red Baron. Since there are so many differences between the
two versions, let's look at them individually.

16K Version

The premise of this game is quite simple and straightfor-
ward. You select the approximate number of clouds you
want scattered about the screen, grab a joystick and try to
shoot your opponent out of the sky. The joystick can be used
for both lateral and vertical movement. Any intervening
clouds will block your shots, and if you run out of ammuni-
tion, you must land at your base and get resupplied. When
you are in this situation you are extremely vulnerable to
your opponent's fire. Firing is controlled by the buttons on
the joysticks.

wild party

A naughly, sexy computer game for 2 to 6 couples.

Game varies every time you play.

All prompts from TV screen.

RAINBOW: "would definitely liven up most parties"

Send self-addressed stamped envelope for

program description and instruction sheet.

On cassette tape. For 16K Color Computer.

Extended BASIC not required. /^5>y
(PA resid. add $2.10) //A\V\

RAINBOW

$35

29 monsters

You are trapped in the evil wizard's castle. To gain
your freedom, you must pass through 29 rooms,
each one guarded by a hideous monster who will
only let you pass it you can devise the correct
password based on the clues it gives you. if you are
wrong, you will beset back along your escape route,
and the same answers may not work a second lime.
This adventure game does not require you to guess
words from its hidden collection.

On cassette tape. For 16K Color Computer
Extended BASIC not required.
$14 95 (PA resid. add S0.90)
"Sorry, there's nothing sexy about this game'"

All prices include postage. Send check to
P.O. Box 210. Jenkintown, PA 19046

b Si b software

The clouds also impede your movements; for example,
you can't fly through them, but must maneuver around
them. The graphics are clean and colorful and while the
animation is somewhat .simplistic, it is w r ell done within the
limitations of I6K. The need to conserve ammunition and
figure a path through the clouds to get your opponent within
your sights provides an adequate challenge to the younger
child, say up to 12 years old.

32K Version

This version of the game offers better graphics and a
greater challenge to the players. 1 can recommend this ver-
sion for ages eight to 108. The instructions for this game are
contained within the program and are nicely presented at
your option at the beginning of the game. This version is an
outstanding example of what a good programmer can do
with Extended basic.

The player has several options. You can use three prede-
fined difficulty levels or you can define your own game
parameters. For instance, number and location of clouds in
the sky, range of fire, a jet stream in the upper limits of the
.screen (makes maneuvering more tricky).

Player control and movement in this version is either in a
straight line, or clockwise and counterclockwise loops. Pul-
ling the joystick toward you causes you to loop in one
direction, pushing it forward causes a loop in the other
direction. When thejoystick is centered, you fly in a straight
line, tangent to the point in the loop at which thejoystick as
centered. It's a little hard to get used to the controls, but once
you do. it really is a nice way of maneuvering your plane.

You may fly through the clouds in this game. If you fly off
either side of the screen, you come back into view on the
opposite side. The ammunition supply is unlimited and the
end of the game is predefined in the game parameters you
select. When a plane is hit, it falls to the ground with some
nice sound effects. The game gives a good simulation of a
dog fight; Snoopy would really enjoy it!

The graphics are colorful, the animation is smooth, and
the sound effects throughout are first-rate. 1 really enjoyed
this version, and so did the kids.

If you've got 32 K then I can recommend this package. If
you've got I6K and children under 12, 1 still recommend it.
Chances are. by the time your kids outgrow the game, you
will have expanded to 32K and it will be like having an
entirely new game. . . free!

(S&S Arcade Supplies, 8301 Sarnow Drive, Orlando FL

32807, 16K ECU cassette, SI 8.95)

-Randall Smith

WANTED:

USED CHRISTMAS TREES!
TOP DOLLAR PAID.

CALL PAULSEARBY

COMPUTERWARE

(619)436-3512

234

tKe RAINBOW January 1984

WATERLOO

K AMf KA££ BOMBER COMMAND

WE CHALLENGE YOUt

■ ■■.;■. :■-...;■ ■■..■■: ■■;■■■■.-.:■::■■-■-■:,:■.■:■->

ARK ROYAL provides three types of game: The Strategy Wargame. Strategy Arcade and Arcade games.

ACROSS THE RUBICON 16K EXT or NON

EXT — The popular WWII wargame. Break
thru the Huertgen Forrest using infantry,
tanks, paratroops, air and artillery strikes and
destroy Hitler's plans for the Battle of the
Bulge, CASSETTE ...$19.95.

ACROSS THE RUBICON 32K (formerly
Rubicon II) EXT The wargamer's choice! Ev-
erything ATR has and mortar units, patrols,
German artillery, platoon movement, supply,
intelligence, spotting rounds, unit merge,
game save and much more! CASSETTE...
$24.95.

WATERLOO! 32K — Player tries to do what
Napolean couldn't: defeat Wellington and
move into Waterloo. French forces include
cavalry, artillery, guards, infantry and squir-
mishers. CASSETTE $24.95.

MISSION EMPIRE 32K EXT cass or disk.

Starting with one planet, incomplete intelli-
gence and limited resources, you must form
alliances, build armies and conquer the
galaxy. Game save. Cass or Disk version on
Cassette. ..$24.95.

BOMBER COMMAND 16K EXT The air war
over Germany, 1941-45, Player must destroy
German industry while fighting off flak, the
Luftwaffe and bad navigation. CASSETTE...
$22.95.

STARBLAZER 32K EXT During your ab-
sence, the SPECTRUM galaxy has been over-
run by the draconic xyclons. Now you com-
mand the only Starship left to retaliate.
CASSETTE. ..$24.95.

GALACTIC TAIPAN 32K EXT Battle storms,
pirates and high taxes in hopes of making a
profit in the galaxy. CASSETTE.. .$24.95.

KAMIKAZE 32K — Based on historical re-
ports of the savage Kamikaze attacks at the
end of WWII. Hi-res graphics include search,
radar, air vs air, air vs ship, and the Kamikaze
attack. Player may use joysticks or not.
CASSETTE,. .$24. 95.

LASER SUBS 16K (Suited for kids, 12 and
under). Hi-res graphics. Lots of fun — kids
love it! Your destroyer discovers a fleet of
enemy's laser-firing subs heading towards
the surface. Destroy them with depth charges
before they blast you apart. Joysticks.
CASSETTE.. .$15. 95.

CRYSLON — 32K 3-D graphics, joysticks.
Player commands the remote-controlled de-
fense missiles of the planet Cryslon. Your
mission — defend the planet's cities from in-
vading aliens with powerful lasers.
CASSETTE. ..$19.95.

P-COPY 32K disk only $19 95 Arrange or rearrange a single disk or four al a time with this menu-led
program. Copy, backup, kill, direct, rename, print, read or whatever you need id do with disk files
Uses single key commands. A must for the disk owner who wants to organize.

ROMPAC BACKUP 64K $15.95 Cassette only Cant run your rompacs with your disk in or just want
backup? Rompac Backup makes it easy

ALL GAMES ARE GRAPHICALLY PORTRAYED None are word games We guarantee that if you've
ever dreamed of commanding an army then what we offer will please you.

Orders are shipped the day they are received regardless of check or money order. Send no cash.
please We pay shipping on all prepaid orders On COD 's, customer pays charges No bankcard
sales. We have enough paperwork already.

All games strategy orienled, graphically portrayed and guaranteed from defect and boredom For

DISK version add S3. 00. No mail delays with personal checks. State system with order

DEALER DISCOUNT AND COLOR DISPLAY PACKAGING AVAILABLE.

WE CARRY UTILITY SOFTWARE, TOO!

All Programs require Color
ComPuter™ (Tandy Corp) or
TDP System 100 ComPuter™
(RCA)

P. O. Box 14806
Jacksonville, FL 32238
904 777-1543

Prices on All games
include shipping. Florida
Resident add 5% tax.

Th* Color CoHput^r j|| ,i T" C* j|

GRAPHICS EDITOR

£9 DRftH ftLrtOST ftHYTrllNS fib

O OPack Picture II! | and CSHL'E it. O
ODUrtPto R-S. 4 COLOR PRINTER O FILL

O DUPLICATE <„

OPflOOES l,3,and4. 2 colors or 4Q jfejIi&H HBfjg
OSwop Colors^. Hagh-iify / Shrink O ■C-Ltttfi'iO
OFirt* Joystick Cursor control <> O Rotate O
OFI'LLPAGE Dot- 4#£ S ^ j* S. *

flatri:< Print Out Zj/£ || — _ C Grid

.^y^'Oich

flCTURL

SCREEN

PRINT !

UHflT CAN V O U DRAU ?

- T,V. GRAPHICS EO I TOR

TIRED OF PLAYING GAMES! The TV Graohles Editor
allows you to expand your creativity. Simple
joystick cursor control and powerful but easy to
use keyboard commands allow you to create, print,
save, and use anything the screen will display.
Become an artist, make blueprints, design grap-
hics, plan the terrain for Your next video game,
TVG Editor makes it easy with great features:

***U or 2 color CGP-115 printer SCREEN PRINT,

•••Full page Radio Shack DMP SCREEN PRINTS,
(DMP1QO,200,40Q, LPVII,VIIN

•••HI-RES: PMODE's one, three, and four,

•••Draw dots, lines, arcs, ellipses & circles,
letters. Magnify, duplicate, paint with amazing
colors, exchange colors, etc., etc.

•••Easy corrections, if you draw something you
don't like.

LIST t-4-ti- SCREEN THO *■*■+■

10 CIRCLE<i26,?6),56,l

20 PRINTS! 2, "H-frt-SCREEN TUOH-*-*";

36 PRINTG+39, "Black or llhite" j :PRINTU4M , "

Background"

+9 P0KE32733,4:P;81fl3275*76*:PRIMTe489,-S*l

»ct 32 to OS l/tt ers per liVy, 1 to 27 tin

es on screen,/:P0KE32753,3:PiW:E32751,Sl

59 PRINT'llorKs nornal I y llith host BASIC pr

oqraris; fttdblor, Extended, ori Disk.

SO P0KE32753,6:P0KE3275+,42:PRINT"REAL I oh

*r case. Graphics as you note/

RUN \ Black or White

Background
Stlect 33 u S5 Utter f fer 1 iit, 1 t» lY\ iitf c* tcrtrn.
Ucrks normally uith twst BASIC program; Regular;
Extended, or Disk.

REAL lower ca*e. Graphics as you watch.
OK

SCREEN TWO
EXPAND YOUR DISPLAY!

RAINBOW

C£HTific*TION
HAL

Does all your printing on the Hl-Res PMODE t
Graphics screen, in a manner compatable with
COLOR, EXTENDED and DISK BASIC, for 16 K or 32K,
It's a vast Improvement over the origlonal
screen in virtually all respects.

•Line lengths from

1 to 85.
•True lower case

wi th decenders.
•Position independent

code.
•PMODE i* Graphics on.

screen w i th text.

•Lines on screen from

1 to 27.
•Inverse video.

•Instructions for sav-
ing to disk.
•Make text "window"

•With Its condensed character sets, SCREEN TWO
uses only 1-1/2K of your valuable system RAM.

•Just Slit. as Canadian or $12.50 U.S.

• ••CSAVEM picture to cassette for later use with
BASIC or ML programs, or for later editing.

•••TVG EDITOR is only 429.35 Cndn. or S2U.75 U.S.

N T E R N A T

N A L

SOFTWARE

INC

ORDERING INFORMATION

Al 1 three programs are 100% machine language and
will run with any version of BAS 1C, on any TRS-10
Color Computer, Including COCO 2 and Sl+K COCO.

Quantity OIs counts for your store, COCO club, or
users group. Mix any of the three fine programs.
S-5,30*: 10-19,35%: 20-29, ifOSt, More, please call.

Please send cheque, money order, or VISA number
with expiry date and signature to:

INTERNATIONAL SOFTWARE, INC.

820 DUNSMUI R ROAD,

VICTORIA, B.C., CANADA, V9A 5B7

Or, Phone (SOU 33lt-2626

Please include $3 for handling and shipping, B.C.
residents add sales tax, American customers may
use U.S. funds for convenience, others please use
Canadian funds. Please allow two weeks for per-
sonal cheques to clear.

PLANET CONQUEST

Combines the SKILL of learning to pilot and land
your spaceship as in a "LUNAR LANDER" with the
THRILL of aerial dogfights with flying monsters
that threaten the success of your mission..

Dangerous landings and variable gravity add to the
excitement. There are J "Lander" levels plus 6
more with monsters. $19.95 Canadian or 41S.30 U.S.

Software Reviewm

Fembot's Revenge — An
Exciting Space Adventure

You've escaped the slave ship in Beyond the Cimeeon
Moon and have taken the quest to return to the Mother Ship
to destroy the Guardians, free your fellows, and return
control of your civilization to sentient beings. You begin
your adventure in the Mother Ship, your return is barred.
You must kill or disable all Guardians on the Mother Ship, a
task which could take years and require a whole army of
your brethren.

Does this sound like an exciting scenario for a good
arcade game? Well, it is! But, it is more than just an arcade
game. It is also an adventure game.

I must admit, 1 do not like arcade games very much,
because they never hold my interest for long. When I
received Fembot's Revenge for review, 1 said to myself,
"Another arcade game!"To my surprise, 1 was wrong. True.

it has some good shoot-em-up sequences, but the majority of
the time, it's like an adventure game.

You must travel through the ship finding discs, opening
doors, and destroying the Guardians, When you have killed
all of the Guardians on one level, you will be transported to
the next level only to find yourself having to destroy more
Guardians.

One of the real challenges in this game is solving the riddle
of the destruct button. If you find this button, you can
instantly destroy all of the Guardians on the floor and
advance to the next level.

The following are some of the features worth noting in
this game: 3-D graphics (the graphics are excellent and
realistic), a "hyperspace" flash belt, a special geiger to find
the destruct button (believe me, it doesn't make it that much
easier to find it), variable placement of objects after each
level, and a detailed inventory of the player's status. This
game is played in "real time," so if you just stand there
thinking, you will increase your fatigue level. All of this, and
periodic battles with Guardians make this a very exciting
game.

(ColorQuest Games, A Division of Sofllaw Corp., 9072
Lyndale Ave So., Minneapolis, MN 55429, 16K tape $29.95,
32 K disk)

—Paul Lee

WORD PROCESSOR

for your Color Computer

Yes! That's right, because we want to create some excitement with
an offer you can't pass up — a professional quality full screen
oriented word processor that would be a bargain at $50. It's a good
one too. Take a look at what you get

MASTER WRITER'S FULLSCREEN-ORIENTED EDITOR allows
you to move the cursor anywhere in your text using the up, down,
right and left arrows. Do this one character at a time or by line or
page. Insert, delete or replace text at the cursor watching your
changes as you make them. Delete or move blocks of text from one
place to another. Merge in text from other files.

AUTOMATIC CARRIAGE RETURN after last complete word on
each line, with this and AUTOMATIC PAGE FEED you don't have to
worry about where a line or page ends — just type!

MASTER WRITER runs on a 16K, 32 K, or 64K COLOR COM-
PUTER, taking advantage of all available memory. Use it with DISK
OR CASSETTE based systems. EXTENDED BASIC IS NOT
REQUIRED.

EASY TO UNDERSTAND MANUAL has you comfortably using
MASTER WRITER in minutes. It is a USER-FRIENDLY MENU-
DRIVEN SYSTEM with single letter commands. Check any com-
mand without having to refer to the manual with the HELP
SCREEN.

10 PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTION KEYS allow easy insertion of
frequently used words or phrases.

WORKS WITH ANY PRINTER. Take full advantage of your
printer's special functions such as variable charcter size and
emphzsized characters with EASY EMBEDDING OF PRINTER
CONTROL CODES.

GLOBAL SEARCH function lets you quickly locate specific
strings for replacement or deletion.

Customize form letters or standard text with MASTER WRITER'S
EMBEDDED PAUSE feature. Just "fill in the blanks" when your
printer pauses for a personalized appearance.

LIMITED MULTI-TASKING feature lets you print one file while
editing another.

In addition to regular text you can use MASTER WRITER to
CREATE BASIC PROGRAMS with the convenience of full-screen
editing.

OTHER FEATURES include easy setting of left, right, top and
bottom margin, printer line width, and lines per page. Also auto
repeat keys, auto line centering, auto page numbering and choiceof
display color formats.

And, perhaps one of the best features, is MASTER WRITER'S
SUPER LOW PRICE OF $1 4.95. At this price you can't go wrong.
Buy it today!

TO ORDER send $1 4,95 for cassette version or $1 9.95 for disk
version plus $2.50 shipping (Calif, residents add 6 % sales tax) to:
PYRAMID DISTRIBUTORS, 527 HILL ST., SANTA MONICA, C A
90405 (213)399-2222.

Nl ASTER WRITER

$1 4.95 Cassette
$19.95 Disk

January 1984

Ihe RAINBOW 237

SPECT A ^ r F Kuf

From

Star

Christmas Sale (Until December 24, 1983)

STAR-DOS 64

SPELL 'N FIX

HUMBUG-64

Reduced from $74.90 to $49.90 ($52.90 for the AMDEK 3" disk.)
Get the 64K and 16K/32K versions for the price of the 16K/32K
versions alone. Here is your chance to get this extraordinary
Disk Operating System for the Color Computer at a great price.

Reduced from $69.29 to $59.29 for the CoCo disk or cassette
version, and from $178.58 to $125 for the Flex disk version. (Add
$3 for AMDEK 3" disks.)

Reduced from $59.95 to $49.95. This version is specially
configured for 64K disk systems using either Flex or STAR-
DOS. (Add $3 for AMDEK 3" disks.)

REBATE

Buy your Star-Kits software from a dealer, and get an extra savings by sending us your
registration form and a copy of your sales slip or invoice. The rebate is $10 on software
priced over $50, and $5 for software under $50. The rebate is in effect until December 24,
1983.

ILLEGITIMACY PROGRAM

If you have an illegitimate (ahem . . . pirated) copy of a Star-Kits program, we offer you an
amnesty as part of our Illegitimacy Program. Send us (a) a working copy of the program, (b)
details on where and from whom you got it (with adequate identification of the source), and
(c) 25% of the current list price, and we will send you (a) the latest up-to-date copy of the
program, (b) a complete and up-to-date manual, and (c) a sales slip welcoming you to the
world of happy Star-Kits customers. A small price to pay for a clear conscience?

MC-10 SPECIAL

To celebrate Star-Kits' being first with MC-10 software, here's our MC-10 Triple-Pak:
MC-10 HUMBUG (normally $29.95), MC-10 REMOTERM (normally $19.95), and MC-10
COMMTERM (a brand new terminal communications program which sells separately for
$19.95), a total value of $69.85, all for a special price of just $55.

Star - Kits

P.O. BOX 209 — R
MT. KISCO, N.Y. 10549
(914) 241-0287

STAR — KIBBITS

My dictionary defines 'deja vu' as the mistaken (eeling that you've
seen something before, when you really have no 1. Bui if you had (he
feeling last month that you had seen my Kibbits chal before, it
wasn't deja vu! You really did see il — the month belore that. As you
can imagine, writing a new column each month can get somewhat
hectic, especially as the deadline approaches... and passes. If this
were just a plain article, the magazine could simply put in a note like
"Mr. Si ark's column will not appear in this issue, and will resume
next month." But with an advertisement it's not that simple. ]
suppose we could have left this space empty...

STAR-DOS PRICE REDUCTION

Our STAR-DOS 64 has had such a good reception that we have
decided to permanently drop the price. From now on, the regular
STAR-DOS (for 16k and 32k systems) and STAR-DOS 64 (lor 64k
systems) are being bundled together into a single package which we
will call STAR-DOS, and which will have the combined price of
349.90.

Despite the release of OS-9 (a trademark of Microware Systems
Corp.) and Flex (a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants)
for the CoCo, we expect the popularity of STAR-DOS to keep
rising for two very simple reasons. First, STAR -DOS is the only
DOS which supports the standard Radio Shack CoCo disk format.
Though we all hear about the large amount of software available for
Flex and OS-9, the fact of the matter is that there are more
programs available for the standard CoCo disk format than for OS-
9 and Flex together.

Second, since OS-9 and Flex are also incompatible with regular
CoCo Disk Basic, you must buy another Basic to get their full
benefits. Not so for STAR-DOS, which can read and write the same
files a Disk Basic can.

There is a good number of serious users of STAR-DOS among
you; in fact, we have even licensed STAR-DOS to other software
developers for inclusion in their own products. We're so
enthusiastic about the future of STAR-DOS that we're willing to
make you an offer you can't refuse: If you now have a DOS, any
DOS for any machine, send it to us and we will trade you for a copy
of STAR-DOS. Please — original documentation and disks only,
and include $3 for shipping.

To know STAR-DOS is to love it!

COMMTERM IS NOW FREE!

COMMTERM is our communications terminal program for the
CoCo and MC-10. You can now get it FREE if you send us a
cassette and a stamped self-addressed envelope (with three
stamps). After you get it and use it, decide what it is worth to you,
and then pay us whatever you like. You have our permision to copy
the program and documentation as much as you want, and give it
away to anyone you like, providing that you don't make any
changes to it. It's a new marketing approach, and we're curious to
see what happens.

ARE YOU A PRIVATE PILOT?

II so, then you may be interested in a VFR Flight Planning
program for the CoCo, available for $24.95 lor tape, or $29.95 lor
disk, from Frank Lombardi, P.O. Box 373, South Salem, NY 10590.

That's it for now — see you next month.

SPELL »N FIX

Regard less of whose text processor you use, let SPELL "N FIX find
and fix your spelling and typing mistakes. It reads text faster than
you can, and spots and corrects errors even experienced
proofreaders miss. It is compatible with all Color Computer text
processors. $69,29 in the Radio Shack disk or cassette versions;
$178,58 in the Flex version. (20,000 word dictionary is standard;
optional 75,000 word Super Dictionary costs $50 additional.)

HUMBUG® — THE SUPER MONITOR

A complete monitor and debugging system which lets you input
programs and data into memory, list memory contents, insert
multiple breakpoints, single-step, test, checksum, and compare
memory contents, find data in memory, start and slop programs,
upload and download, save to tape, connect the Color Computer to
a terminal, printer, or remote computer, and more, HUMBUG on
disk or cassette costs just $39.95, special 64K version for FLEX or
STAR- DOS 64 costs $59.95, MC-10 version $29.95.

STAR—DOS
A Disk Operating System specially designed for the Color
Computer, STAR-DOS is fully compatible with your present Color
Computer disk format — it reads disks written by Extended Disk
Basic and vice versa. STAR- DOS for 16K through 64K systems
costs $49.90; STAR pL£X

The best implementation of FLEX for the Color Computer.
Complete with all utilities, text editor, macro assembler, and
HUMBUG debug monitor, $225.00.

ALL IN ONE — Editor Etc.

Three programs in one — a full function Editor, a Text Processor
and a Mailing List/Label program. All this for just $50. Requires
STAR-DOS, or FLEX, specify which.

DBLS for Data Bases

DBLS stands for Data Base Lookup System. A super-fast system
for searching for a selected record in a sequential disk file. Supplied
with SPELL 'N FIX's 20,000 word dictionary as a sample data file—
lets you look up the spelling of any word in under FOUR seconds.
Priced at $29.95. Requires STAR-DOS.

CHECK 'N TAX

Home accounting package combines checkbook maintenance and
income tax data collection. Written in Basic for either RS Disk or

F,ex $5 ° REMOTERM

REMOTERM — makes your CoCo into a host computer, operated
from a remote terminal. $19.95, disk or cassette.

NEWTALK

NEWTALK — a memory examine utility for machine language
programmers which reads out memory contents through the TV
set speaker. $20, disk or cassette.

SHRINK

SHRINK — our version of Eliza, in machine language and
extremely fast. $15, disk or cassette.

EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE

Introduction to Numerical Methods — college level course on

computer math, $75,00, disk or casette.

We accept cash, check, COD, Visa, or Master Card. NY Stale

residents please add appropriate sales tax. Add $3 I o above price

for AMDEK 3* disk versions.

(FLEX is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants, Inc.

Everything else in this ad is a trademark of Star-Kits.)

Star-Kits

SOFTWARE SYSTEMS CORP.

P.O. BOX 209 — R
MT. KISCO, N.Y. 10549
(914) 241-0287

Software Review!

TGS

Monkeying Around With
Junior's Revenge

If you have ever played the populararcade game. Donkey
Kong, Jr., then you won't have any trouble playing Compu-
terware's Junior's Revenge. The 32K machine language
CoCo version contains all four graphic screens, like the
original game.

If you aren't familiar with the game at all, here is a brief
background. Junior is a little gorilla, trying to save his father
from the clutches of Luigi. Luigi is a little red-haired con-
struction worker, who in an earlier version of the arcade
game, saved his girlfriend from an unsavory ape. Junior's
father, and locked him in a cage. Junior's Revenge now adds
new challenges to the original concept. You are no longer at
a construction site trying to save your girlfriend from a
gorilla. Instead, as a monkey, and proud son of Kong, you
are deep in the jungle attempting to rescue your encaged
papa.

There are four distinct boards of play: the Vine Screen;
the Chain Screen; the Trampoline Screen; and Luigi's
Hideout Screen, each appearing in a planned sequence. In
the Vine Screen, your father is captive in his cage on top and
you are ready to go at the bottom. You begin the game with
four men and your objective is to swing from vine to vine,
climb to the top. and get the key from Luigi and save your
father. This would be a simple task except for the trained
animals the revengeful Luigi has sent out to stop you — the

dkukoita

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"vinegators." They move up and down the vines seeking to
kill, and any contact with them will destroy you.

You control the movement with the right joystick and
jump by pressing the joystick button. You can either
shimmy on one vine, or climb by using two vines, one in each
hand. I found that climbing two vines is the quickest method
to go up, while sliding down with one vine in both hands is
the fastest way to descend.

Time is an important factor in this game because of the
bonus timer in the upper right corner of the screen. If your
bonus time runs out before you get the key from Luigi, you
lose. Points are obtained by grabbing fruit from the vines
along the way, or destroying the vinegators by patiently
waiting until the vinegator is underneath the fruit and then
nudging the fruit loose, causing it to fall and crush the
vinegator.

Timingis the key to successful fruit droppingand vinega-
tor killing. It takes a lot of practice to do this successfully
every time. After completion of this screen, the amount of
points left on the bonus timer is added to your score and you
will then be able to proceed to the Chain Screen.

In this screen, your main objective is the same: to free your
father. The Chain Screen is made up of eight long chains of
equal length. At the end of six of them there is a key. You
must push the keys up the chains and force them into locks
while avoiding vinegators and trying to again destroy them
with the fruit. Another enemy to watch out for is the ZuZu
birds, which move horizontally across the screen descending
in zigzag fashion. Any contact with the ZuZu's will cause
them to peck you until you fall to your death. They also
proceed to the bottom of the screen and if you jump over
them you will receive extra points. When I got to this screen
of play I had a lot of difficulty. I could not complete the
screen without falling to my demise.

In playing Junior's Revenge, it took a lot of practice in
getting accustomed to the maneuverability of the joystick. 1
fell a number of times by not jumping just right or not
having the joystick pointed in the proper direction. A nice
feature of Junior's Revengels its practice mode. By playing a
practice game, you can figure out the manner in which the
game is operating and learn the skills of the game without
being destroyed by one of the creatures. You can only be
destroyed by falling and your high scores are not kept in the
top five. I found the practice mode to be a gratifying way to
learn the game and its joystick movements. There's nothing 1
dislike more than finally getting the hang of a game and then
being told: GAME OVER.

T he sound effects in Junior's Revenge art pleasing and the
graphics are fantastic and full of color. Consider the excel-
lent graphic quality of Junior's Revenge as an example of
the Color Computer's capability. Junior's Revenge lays to
rest many of the claims I've heard of Atari's graphics super-
iority to the CoCo.

The Trampoline Screen and Luigi's Hideout Screen are a
mystery to me because I have not yet been able to success-
fully reach them. 1 am sure that someday I will get to these
screens and save my father from Luigi. 1 may have to read
one of those booklets on how to beat computer games, but.
the point is that Junior's Revenge is that challenging and
that much fun to play. Several games that I have played were
too easy, which caused me to lose interest after easily defeat-
ing them.

(Computerware, P.O. Box 668, Depf. F2, Encinltas, CA

92024, 32 K tape $28.95, 32 K disk $31.95)

— Jutta Kapfhammer

240

Ihe RAINBOW January 1984

FINALLY!

A REAL SPREAD-SHEET PROGRAM FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER

DYNACALC

Business people use spread-sheets to organize columns and rows of figures.
DYNACALC simulates the operation of a spread-sheet without the mess of paper and
pencil. Of course, corrections and changes are a snap. Changing any entered
value causes the whole spread-sheet to be re-calculated based on the new
constants. This means that you can play, 'what if?' to your heart's content.

But DYNACALC isn't just for accountants. DYNACALC can be used for just
about any type of job. Not oniy numbers, but alphanumeric messages can be
handled. Engineers and other technical users will love DYNACALC's sixteen-digi t
math and built-in scientific functions. There's even a built-in sort command,
so you can use DYNACALC to manage small data bases - up to 256 records.

DYNACALC will let your computer do just about anything you can imagine.
Ask your friends who have VisiCalc, or a similar program, just how useful an
electronic spread-sheet program can be for all types of household, business,
engineering, and scientific applications.

DYNACALC is designed to be used by non-programmers, but even a Ph.D. in
Computer Science can understand it. Built-in HELP messages are provided for
quick reference to operating instructions.

DYNACALC has a beautifully simple method of reading and writing FLEX data
files, so you can communicate both ways with other programs on your system, such
as the Text Editor, Text Processor, Sort/Merge, RMS data base system, or other
programs written in BASIC, C, PASCAL, FORTRAN, and so on.

Except for a few seldom-used commands, DYNACALC is memory-resident, so
there is little disk I/O to slow things down. The whole data array (worksheet)
is in memory, so access to any point is instantaneous. DYNACALC is 100$ 6809
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Color Computer DYNACALC works with the FLEX operating system from Frank
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RAINBOW

GtBTIFICATION
SEAL

Hardware Review!

TfZ\

Here, A Pen Is
Mightier Than Stick

You will find thai this product review is somewhat un-
usual. For this review, I constructed a somewhat unique test
program and a keyboard modification. Let me get the usual
"what it docs and how well" questions out of the way first.
The Light Pen from Colorware isan alternate form of input
that can be used with educational programs, games or experi-
mentation. The Light Pen attaches to the joystick port and
uses the digital-to-analog converter to change light intensity
to a value that can be read by thc"JOYSTK"command. The
pen reads the intensity of light when. touched to the video
screen.

The pen comes with sample programs and adequate doc-
umentation to allow you to construct your own programs.
To construct your own programs, you need some knowledge
of BASIC but do not necessarily have to be an expert. When
The Light Pen is used, a graphic block must be flashed when
a location on the screen is being sensed, i would expect that
this flashing graphic block may cause some problems for
some individuals but found that this was not a particular
problem for the severely handicapped students that I teach.
The size of the flashing graphic block may vary according to
the size and [Humiliation of the TV screen or monitor being
used. !n general, the block must be at least the size of a
low-resolution graphic pixel.

SELECT LCUCL
1,2,0,4

A PROGRAM FOR TEACHING CHILDREN TO TELL TIME

SELECT H OR m
IRS-80 Color Computet'
Requires 16K Extended Basic

ions

APPEALING GRAPHICS, FUN REWARDS AND SOUND
Used Successfully In Classrooms and In Homes

Cassette S24.95

ALSO AVAILABLE -CASSETTES
Counting Money S19 95 Mathfact ^16 95

Add-Carry S19 95 ABC's S 9.95

Subtract-Borrow S19 95 Spelling S 16,95

WRITE FOR FREE DESCRIPTIVE BROCHURE

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME ^S^

B5 SOFTWARE S

1024 Bainbridge PI. Columbus, OH 43226

When I used The Light Pen with an educational program
with handicapped students, I did note two problems. Some
students moved the pen very slowly across the screen and
would sometimes select a wrong answer by mistake while
moving towards the correct answer. In other instances some
students would leave the pen on one answer selected longer
than required and the selection would be given again by
mistake. Perhaps these problems could be overcome by
more creative programming, but these types of selection
errors are a consideration. The light in a well-lighted class-
room could cause an unwanted reading if the pen is directed
towards the light.

On the positive side, there were several individuals thai
could correctly answer questions when using The Light Pen
and could not answer correctly by other methods such as
using the keyboard or a joystick. After ruling out these types
of misread ings, 1 found thai most, if not all students
appeared to perform belter with The Light Pen. There
appears to he a more direct correlation be l ween the action ol
selecting an answer and the position of the answer on the
screen.

In general, 1 feel that there are some excellent reasons for
using a light pen wilh handicapped individuals or young
children, as well as for those who simply like to experiment
with an alternate form of input for the computer. The price
of The Light Pen ($19.95) is very reasonable. I would suggest
that The Light Pen is a "must have" tool for those who use
computers with handicapped young children. The Light Pen.
does have some weaknesses but for the price it is difficult to
pass tip.

+ * *

Now, let's look at a unique test of The Light Pen. To
thoroughly test it, 1 constructed a test program and some
keyboard modifications (see Listing I). The program prc-
entsa keyword framed in the center of the video screen. This
word is selected at random from the words, "TOP, BOT-
TOM, LEFT, and RIGHT." Each of the words is then
placed around the peripheral of the screen at the appropriate
location. The task is to select the word that matches the
word in the center frame. Students were given 20 trials each
with five different methods of selecting the appropriate
word. The methods tested three forms of input (ways the
answer could be chosen) and two different screen formats
(what appeared on the screen). These methods are described
below:

1) Light Pen -- The student would select the answer by
touching a flashing graphic box below the answer with the
lighi pen.

242

the RAINBOW January 1984

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Action Bumpers and ThumpafS 420

WARS

Your mission is lo destroy all robot* and saire tha
surviving humans Watch tor tha missis tiring BRAINS
and tha fatal touch of the HULKS! US

Raca around tha track with a computer controllad
car in pursuit Like tha arcada, DODGE- EM! $14

MAC

Great PAC MAN action! S15

H D ppY /Gr-J$\

Guide HOPPY lately home to his
dock, travel across a highway and hop
on LOGS 1 TURTLES to get there! $ ig

2) Modified Keyboard — I constructed a modified key-
board by covering the keys with a piece of plexiglass with
four selection keys. The student would select the answer by
touching the key in the same relative position as the appro-
priate answer on the screen (see picture).

3) Joystick — The students would select an answer by mov-
ing the joystick in the direction of the appropriate answer.
The posit ion of the joys tick is shown by a red flashing block
on the screen (under one of the answer words),

4) Modified Keyboard with screen Hash —This is the same
as Method 2 except that the Hashing white graphic block
was shown undcreachanswer. This wasdone to determine if
the flashing block (which must be used with The Light Pen)
has a distracting effect.

5) Joystick with screen flash— The method of select ion was
the same as for number 3 but a flashing while graphic block
was added to the screen.

The students using the program are "trainable or severely
mentally handicapped students." Their average reading
level is below second grade and some students neither read
nor communicate verbally. Every student used all five of the

The Listing:

CLS
PRINT#-2,

:PRINT#-2," —

5 INPUT "WHAT IS THE NAME"; N*:PR
INT#-2,N*

6 PRINT #-2,"

10 L(1)=78:L<2)=227:L<3)=251:L(4

)=430

15 WS*(1)="A TOP ANSWER" :WS* (2)=

"GOOD J0B":WS*(3)="RIGHT ANSWER"

:WS*(4>="THE BOTTOM LINE"

20 W*(i>=" TOP ":W*<2>=" LEF

T ":W*<3)=" RIGHT ":W*(4)=" BO

TTOM "

50 CLS: PR I NT "WORDS ? Y/N"

60 Q*=INKEY*:IF Q*<>"Y" AND Q*<>

"N" THEN 60

100 X=RND (-TIMER)

HO FDR A=l TO S:X(A)=A:NEXT

120 FOR A=5 TO 2 STEP -1

130 U=RND(A>

!40 T=X(A>:X(A)=X(U>:X(U>=T

150 NEXT A

200 FOR J = l TO 5

205 X=X(J>

210 CLS

220 ON X GOSUB 240,250,270,260,2

225 PRINT: PR I NT "PRESS A WHEN REA

DY"

230 Xt=INKEY*:IF X*<>" A " THEN 23

O ELSE 300

240 PR I NT@232 , " PEN " : PR I NT#~2 , " PE

N": RETURN

250 PRINT @232,"KEY FLASH" : PRINT

methods. The order in which methods were presented was
selected at random.

On the average, students gave the most correct responses
with the modified keyboard. The Hashing of a graphic block
had little effect. Students gave the least correct responses
with the Joystick Method and again the flashing had little
effect. Although The Light Pen was less effective than the
modified keyboard for the average of the group, there were
several individuals who could answer correctly with The
Light Pen but were considerably less successful with any of
the other methods. It appeared that most if not all individ-
uals could best understand the method of selecting an
answer when they were using a light pen. However, some
students trailed over incorrect answers when selecting an
answer and would leave The Light Pen on an answer long
after the time required to make a selection. This would result
in inadvertent selection of answers and lower scores than
was obtained for the modified keyboard method.

Students had the greatest difficulty with the joystick.
Students tended to move in the general direction of the
correct answer but were not precise enough to make a cor-

#-2, "KEY FLASH" : RETURN

260 PRINT @232,"KEY NOFLASH":PRI

NT#-2 , " KEY NOFL ASH " : RETURN

270 PRINT @232, "JOYSTICK FLASH":

PRINT#-2, "JOYSTICK FLASH": RETURN

280 PRINT @232, "JOYSTICK NOFLASH

":PRINT#-2, "JOYSTICK NOFLASH": RE

TURN

300 CLS

310 IF X<4 THEN W*=CHR* (207) +CHR

* ( 207 ) : B*=CHR* ( 240 ) +CHR* < 240 ) EL

SE W*=CHR*(143)+CHR*<143);B4=W*

320 IF Q*= M Y" THEN PRINT@L ( 1 ) -32

, "TOP" :PRINT@L <2) +30, "LEFT" : PRIN

T@L (3) +31 , "RISHT": PRINT@L (4> +31,

"BOTTOM"

330 PRINTS171, STRING* (10, 175);

340 FOR A=l TO 3:PRINT@A*32+171 ,

CHR* (175) ; STRING* (S, 143> ; CHR* < 17

5>j :NEXT A

350 PRINT@32#4+171, STRING* (10, 17

5>;

390 TIMER=0

400 FOR Q=l TO 20

410 W=RND(4) :PRINTS236,W*(W>;

500 FOR N=l TO 4

505 K*=INKEY*

510 PRINT@L(N),W*i

520 FOR D=l TO 10: NEXT D

530 LP<N>=JOYSTK(0)

535 IF J0YSTK(3> <20 THEN JS=1 E

LSE IF J0YSTK(3)>40 THEN JS=4 EL

SE IF JDYSTK(2X20 THEN JS=2 ELS

E IF J0YSTK(2)>40 THEN JS=3

537 IF X=3 OR X=5 THEN PRINT@L(J

S), STRING* (2, 191);

540 IF K*<>"" THEN K=INSTR( "6DKB

",K*):IF X=2 OR X=4 THEN 700

244

Ihe RAINBOW

January 1984

rect selection. They tended 10 ignore the information on the
screen while they were making a selection. The program
kept track of the total amount of time required to respond to
20 questions. Students responded fastest with the light pen
and slowest with thejoystiek.Thejoystick selection method
was significantly slower for this group of individuals and the
light pen was only slightly faster than the modified key-
board. It might be expected that these results are only typi-
cal for a handicapped population.

As a result of this study, 1 believe that I can recommend
The Light Pen as a method for handicapped students to
select answers for educational software. Certain students
were more successful with this method than with other
methods. However, the modified keyboard appeared to
provide the most reliable method for students to respond.

(Colorware, 70-03 Jamaica Ave,, Woodhaven, NY 11421,
S19.9S)

— Dr. Charles H. Santee

545 PK=PEEK< 65280): IF <PK=125 OR
PK=253> THEN IF X=3 OR X=5 THEN
690

550 PRINT@L(N),B*;

560 NEXT N

570 AV=<LP(1>+LP<2>+LP(3)+LP<4>)

580 FOR N=l TO 4

590 IF LP(N)>AV+3 THEN AV=LP(N>:

Z=N

600 NEXT N

610 IF Z=0 OR X<> 1 THEN 500

620 LP=JOYSTK(0)

630 PRINTSL(Z>,W*i

640 FOR D=I TO 10:NEXT D

650 IF JOYSTKvOXLP+5 THEN 500

630 SOTO 700

690 PK=PEEK<65280>:IF PK=125 OR

PK=253 THEN 690

700 IF X=i THEN SL=Z ELSE IF (X=

2 OR X=4) THEN SL=K ELSE SL=JS

710 IF W=SL THEN RT=RT+1:PRINT @

0,WS*(SL>; : SCREEN O, 1 :PLAY"T4L80

2CDEFGAB03CDEFG AB04CDEFGAB " : PR I N

T @0, "

730 IF WOSL THEN WR=WR+1 : PLAV'T

4L403C01C"

740 NEXT Q

741 TI-TIMER/60

745 pr i nt#-2, "percent = " ;10q*(r
t/20);"7.":print#-2, " m ;ti;"se
conds":print#-2

746 RT=0

750 NEXT J

760 RUN

1000 K^INSTRC^DKB-jK*): IF KOO

THEN 700

1010 BOTO 545

CHROMA

EUCHRE!

A Hi-Res version of Ihe card game Your partner is
he computer, the opponent learn is played by the computer Allows
any of Ihe four players to "GO" alone.
(ECB, 32k)
Cassette $1 9.95

DSKMON!

Examine and tix sector daia. also includes disk read.
write, file information display, and selective disk backup
(ML, 16kor32k)
Disk (With Source) $24.95

MORE CSG PROGRAMS!

UTILITIES

CCADS — A full 6809 machine language monitor with line assembler
and disassembler All you need to debug machine language programs
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Cassette $1 9.95 or Disk (With Source) "-"t $23.95

UNLOCK — A complete disk backup ulihly Features included are

initialization of any [rack, copy any track and correct I/O errors, or leave

them intact, and verify any track Track numbers up to track 80 may be used

at any time

(ML. 16k or32k) ^

Disk (With Source) Baa $24.95

CHROMA-KEYS — Define function keys and save them to disk or

cassette

(ML, 16k or 32k) _

Cassette S9.95 or Disk (Wilh Source) s»t $1 3.95

SPOOLER — Print ASCII dies from disk without waiting

(ML, 16k, 32k, or 64k only)

Cassette $11.95 or Disk (With Source) $15.95

COMMAND — Add machine language programs as commands to

BASIC

(ML, 16k or 32k)

Cassette $15.95 or Disk (With Source) $19.95

GAMES

S UMIVICO >k

PROSPECTOR — An ECB Hi-Resgraphics game Can you get the gold

oul ol Ihe mine" 3 ^=^

(ECB. 16k or 32k) ■%

Cassette $7.95

JUMP-A-PEG — A Hi-Res version of an ancient strategy game

(ECB, 16k or 32k) iQs

Cassette r~~ $7.95

MISCELLANEOUS

S IVIIOUCLLMI^CUUO N

CLOCK — A software real-lime clock program for the CoCo Warning:
The clock will stop during tape I/O.

(ML, 16k or 32k) ,=5,

Cassette $9.95 or Disk (With Source) Sp $13.95

DARKROOM DATABASE — Throw away your Photo-Lab index Lei

CoCo look up the facts. Darkroom Data-Base with limer

(Disk, 16k or 32k)

Disk $19.95

! Write for more details.

CHROMA- SYSTEMS GROUP

P.O. Box 36S
Dayton, Ohio 45420
Please include $1 tor shipping and handling per item. Ohio residents please
add 6% sales tax.

January 1984 the RAINBOW 245

Software Review^

Rainbow's Corner Is

Educationally Enriching And

Fun For Children

By Carol Kueppers

Rainbow's Corner is the title of a group of learning pro-
grams, as well as the title of one of the games. Two of the
activities are designed for two or more players; one may be
used cither alone or with others; and four arc for one person.
These programs are primarily intended for use by children
from five to 1 1 years old. Although older children will enjoy
them, they will not be as challenged. Several of these activi-
ties use the computer to help teach problem solving skills
and are a welcome change from the now all-too-common
drills.

In the game Rainbow's Corner, the object is to find the
gold located somewhere in the castle of the BlueSnorgle. At
the start of the game, the player has five gold pieces and the
castle is represented by a large rectangular grid, divided into
rooms, with the X and Y coordinates given along the sides.
The player specifies the room he wishes to enter by typing in
the proper coordinates, separated by a comma.

If he hears a sound the player is near the Gold-Gobbling-
Grouch, and should seek elsewhere. If he enters the room of

the Grouch, he hears a high pitched sound and one of his
gold pieces is taken. The Grouch then enters another room,
one that the player has not yet entered.

As rooms are entered, they are colored in. Further clues
are given to the player as he progresses from room to room.
The word Vikcs on the screen indicates gold is near, while
Ho-hum tells him that he is neither near the gold nor the
Grouch.

The game is very effective in teaching the use of coordi-
nates to specify location, and helps develop problem-solving
skills. Any child who has learned to read a few words can
play, with its appeal greatest among the younger group.
Once children have become used to this system through the
game, parents and teachers can show children the use of
coordinates on maps and graphs in the everyday world.

I feci this game is excellent; however, because it is
intended for use with children. I should like to suggest that
the author correct some minor imperfections. Should a child
inadvertently press [ENTER] before he has entered the
coordinates separated by a comma, the screen scrolls. This
places perhaps too great an emphasis on following the direc-
tions exactly. Also, in the on-screen instructions, the word
"it's"" is used to denote possession. Any parent could easily
correct the latter before making a back-up copy.

Wraparound is a word game which can be successfully
played by children from the time they have learned to read a
few words. One child types in three words, each of which
must have between four and 1 2 letters. His opponent is then
shown the word "wrapped" on the screen in two rows of
letters, with the initial letter somewhere in the group. The
word is not scrambled, so that once the initial letter is found
the player reads around and types out the rest of the word.
He has three tries, and when successful, the letters are pulled
from the block, and a colorful graphic display is shown. In
addition to scoring points based on which try was successful,
a bonus is given for speed.

This game can be used successfully in the home between
parent and child with new vocabulary and spelling words.
However, when two children play together trying to trip
each other up, the game takes on a whole new dimension.
Then, each seeks out unusual words and the contest encour-
ages the learning of new words.

In Alien Codes, which is also for two or more players, one
player types in a series of words — which can be random or
part of a phrase — with a maximum total of 25 letters. These
are then shown to his opponent in a box in the center of the
screen, with no spaces between the letters, starting at a
random location in one of the words.

As in Wraparound, the words are not scrambled and the
phrase proceeds in order. The game is to move the arrow
keys over the initial letter of each word and press the space-
bar. If the letter is the correct starting letter of a word, a
black box remains there and the player seeks the initial letter
ofthe next word. Should he want help, pressing H will tell
him the number of words chosen by his opponent. Speed is
important here as he has only a limited time to find all the
words.

The manual includes a story for the game, while the screen
display shows the time remaining, score, and hints in the
boxes, as an instrument display of the "spaceship." These
graphics add to the fun ofthe game. Because this game deals
in a group of words together, it is more difficult than Wrap-
around. The child can graduate to Alien Codes, Again, a
parent can enter the child's reading and spelling words, or
key phrases, but when children play together, if they are like

246

the RAINBOW January 1984

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combinations.

Gulp! is a terrific arcade-style game, which can only be
played after successfully answering a simple addition prob-
lem. The answer to the addition problem is given in a
number line beneath the problem, so the child just learning
to add can count the squares in the number line.

After each correct answer, the answer is placed in a center
box, and the player is given a chance to play Gulp! a Break-
out style game, trying to get to the center square before the
computer's "greedy gulp worm" gets to it. The player has a
blue "mite" and is presented with a series of walls made of
colored bricks. The mite moves up and down and breaks
throuh a wall when the player presses the spacebar.

Each brick color has a different score value, so that, for a
maximum score, the player must wait until his mite is oppo-
site the brick he wants to break through before pressing the
spacebar. II he presses the spacebar while next to an orange
brick, the computer's worm advances. When the mite is at
the last wall, the worm continues his advance, so the player
should have his mite lined up before he breaks through this
final wall and must quickly press the spacebar to win.

The game is challenging and a lot of fun for all ages, not
only those who are learning the number line concept. To add
to the educational value of this number line program, 1 wish
the author had included a choice of arithmetic problems at
different levels for different age groups. Among my testers,
everyone loved the game, and it could easily have served as a
reward for difficult problems for older children.

Pears, Berries and Figs is a game which can be played
either against the computer or with two or more players.

GRAFPLOT

DRAWS ft picture:

WPRTH ± OOG WORDS
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One player types in a two-digit number for the otherfs) to
guess, or the computer chooses a number. The other play-
er(s) then type in a two-digit number. If neither digit is
correct, two Ps, for pears, are shown in the column adjacent
to the number selected, if one is correct, but in the wrong
location a PB is shown for pear, berry, if one is correct and
in the proper location, a PF would be shown, for pear, fig.
Unlike Mastermind, the position of the F does not indicate
that the digit which is correct is necessarily in thai position,
although it may be. All previous guesses are shown on the
screen, with the result for each so that the correct answer can
be deduced.

The game fosters deductive reasoning in a way that is fun.
Although, as a one-player game. Pears, Berries and Figs am
only be played against the computer, once groups of child-
ren have learned it, it can be played without the computer as
a paper and pencil game on car trips.

This tape also includes two "math utilities," These are
intended as a means for kids to check their homework. One
program is for addition and subtraction, the other for mul-
tiplication and division. In the addition, subtraction and
multiplication utilities, the problem is typed in followed by
the answer the child obtained. IT the answer is correct he is
told that it is; if wrong, he is immediately shown the correct
answer. In the division utility, if his answer is incorrect he is
shown how the problem should have been solved by the
usual long division method. Although some teachers and
parents might like to have the children correct their home-
work with this type of program, simply so that the children
gain more experience using the computer with the exception
of the division program the child learns nothing more than
he would Trom using a calculator. To have real merit, the
program would need to include teaching hints after the
wrong answer is given. This would include, in an additional
problem, for example, asking the child to think and add the
right hand column again with the computer stating if the
correct answer was achieved, then asking if a number needs
to be carried, and so on. The potential to use the computer to
help the child reach the correct answer is not utilized by
these programs, so they are the weakest in the group from an
educational standpoint.

Parents are advised thai they will want to make a back up
tape, not only to preserve the original, but also because the
programs are on the tape with only a miniscule gap between
them. Thus, successfully locating the start of al