A Database Publication
Full listing of
In-depth appraisal of
Atari's latest machine
Atari
, Insights
Write your
own programs
Getting to grips
with binary
Synchronise
your sound
S
■ Welc
TO ATAR
MAG^
(IF YOU'RE WOT YET AN
The only way to make full use of ATARI USER is to
become one. And Ihe easiest way to do Ihat rs wiih
ATARI Personal Computer Packs.
There isn't a better way to get Into computers.
There isn't a more comprehensive starter pack.
Only ATARI could give you a 64 Ram memory, cas-
sette 'soundthrough' capabilities, a maximum of 256
:olours on the screen at onetime and 4 'sound' voices.
A AtARIBOQXL PERSON
COME_
kl USER
^ZINE
1 1 ATARI USER, STOP HERE.)
I I No one else could offer you all this power ai these prices.
I 1 And, as eveiything comes together, you can make the most
I of the unbeatable ATARI 800XL straight away.
I Without doubt, ATARI Personal Computer Packs are the
easiest way to get into computers,
I The only difficulty Is deciding which one. Now read on
□ NRLCamPUTERPHCKS
miifesEdiroi
CliflMoKniglit
Mike Bibbv
AlanMcUchlfli
Kevin Edward!
Pele Bibbv
Peier Glove.
HeetharSheld.
MikeCowlev
John Riding
UErrismgSale
EdironnChie
Editorj
: 061-45GB835
: 061-456 8383
; 061-4563500
Subscriotion
s- 061-4B00173
ism B u'Z'
News
a
Beginners Y
This month Mike Bibby -^
gets you staned in writ- %^/
ing your own programs.
You'll soon be saying
"programming is easy".
Analysis
With the Atari 130XE now in the U - ta
shops, we bring you an analysis of this | | ^|
new machine and present the firs'
program showing how lo use the exlr
memory to good effect.
Bit Wise
Do your sums in binary n
42
' Contents
y-
with Pete Bibbv's crea- kj^,
tive use of the SOUND
command.
PI
home
I fei.
'wfc
5UhF£
Guide the frog
over the river t
classic.
the road and
in this arcade
gmjy
48j
Random
JV umbers
If it's a random byte
VQu're in need of, read
Kevin Edwards' article -
Graphics
Dave Russell continues his series with I R Al
an introduclion to Graphics [Wodes 1 l*-"^l
A dventuring
arguments lor C (\^
graphic adventures and we give you a | ^ '-'I
brain-bending puzzle to solve before
next month.
Mai/bag
Microscope
Take a closer look at this etcha-sketch j^ /I
Order Form
Take out a subscription for Atari User R
-ata special introductory offer, Or buy '
comms J
g
^^l^b^
Some of the most exciting developmen
microcomputing are taking place in the fie
communications. In this special 1 2-p
section we bring vou the tow-down on lin
your Atari to the outside world.
• Peter Atkinson confesses that he's hoc
on hacking.
• Bulletin Boards explained by Peter To
with all the latest Atari-based bulletin b
V
s in numbers tor you to phone.
dof • Basildon, gateway to the world via the
age ITECs bulletin board.
Idng • MicroLink, tlie exciting new micro com-
munications system tailored to your needs.
ked Full details of the service and the facilities it
offers can be found in the centre pages,
otill, • Why use serial transmission? Robin
ard Hudson explains.
EUROPES LEADING
SOFTWARE
EXPRESS
WTCH-eUT R3R RJfOXER THWIUNG M3VEmjRE5 CF ,,.
CAPIWN SeFfWARE IN THIS M««aNEi£eN 1(^1
SEND SAE FOR OUR PRICE LIST.
HOTLINE
jrSTONEYHURST ROAD /n91\ ^R4 ?H\R(\
ERDINGTON, BIRMINGHAM B24 8HA \\MC I f »JU*t \MUUV
STs on way
to whack
the Macs
BARRING a major hiccup, offering Gem onlv on
the first 520ST mac Ninas will
ba arriving in the UK within haue it on ROM by thi
days of this issua of Atari machine cjnss inlo Ihi
Uaot hitti
standi, and
■hordy sftennrardi
( to ApplBS E2,000-plijf
However the 520STs \
GUESS who's reading the
Atari User? Find out on
Page 9.
Line up to become a
millionaire...
ATARI bass Jac
llie United Stales are currently And the final v
vuntrng software for the 52037. Tramiel . . .
■■[t doesn't slop IhBre, -Evflntiially w
Britain campanies ara also in on the act.
iy 54,500 for the
1 syslerr
luming lots of brlgM 15-vear-
Exciting,
saysW.H.
Smitii
HE AlBM 130XE h,
Probe into cut price games
SHARING
THE GOODIES
The Atari lOBO disc diiva i
bslng stocked or a trial basis b
live branches - Blrminghan
Are YOU a first rate
PROGRAMMER?
Then join the P rofessionals/
Award-winning Database Software needs
more programmers, both for freelance work
and permanent positions.
Applicants must be fluent in both Basic
and machine code on at least one of the
popular micros, and preferably have
experience of others.
Experience in the software industry is not
essential, but obviously candidates must
have written good quality software in the
past and samples will be required.
Pay is negotiable, depending on age.
experience and qualifications. There are
excellent prospects for hard working, skilful
programmers.
Peter Davidson, Software Manager, Dalabeae Software,
Eiitapa House, 68 Chester Road, Hazel Grove,
Stockport SK7 5NY.
I, Thfl oHer stated: '
GooddeaUays
XlhW has hit back aL alle- h _ ■
jatiors bv a prcmln.., UK AfQI"!
disiribLilior. company that a daal |I I if I I
iffarBd bv ibe corporation WDS n»«*l ■
irin the520STar
Heir of
the dog
News
1-
130 ST
misses
Hanover
Show
Mystery monitor
Good
reception
software currenlly a\
the 800XL - asli
around 3,000 tilles.
Precision Software
rewrites for XE
ilude Easy Scri
biding its limE bafora launching Euch as v
versions for the 520ST. other data
Aireadyinthepipelireforthe These ■
130XE is the cDrrpany'6 well and Spell
known Sunerbase ranga - the 200,000 copies, and Suparbai
SupBcbase database, Super- 64, which has sold 70,000.
, and Supsttype.
e ST i-erslons.
ablefnrtheSTIa
Mid John Iran- £1,000 fc
le ST fits into this i
Seal of
approval
from the
man at
the top
ATAHI User has alrsadv
ip aides: "Hs Bhowad it to
varybodv - and I maan
verybodv".
Tlie launch issue's cover
depicted Tramial's head
carved out o1 stona along-
side tha likenesses of the
four United States
presidents to be found on
IVIount Rush mo re.
And this prompted the
comment from one US Atari
THIS month wo aro goin.
__jin to writo our own programs.
Nothing spectacular mind, but
enough to glue vou a quiet glow
of satisfaction. Firstly, lot's dis-
cuss what we did last month.
We learned ihat to "talk" lo the
computer me had to speak to it in a
language it already understood,
called Basic. We also learned how to
print out messagss, or strings as they
to do the sum 4+4 we typed:
PRINT 4+4 [Return]
/vhere [Return) means vou should
computer. Hopefully it then responds
■GOOD MORNING'
PRINT "GOOD MORNING"
[Return!
"Good Morning" by using:
providing we use our Caps propi
Notice that PRII^T itself remaii
capitais. This is because it is a spi
Basic word - a keyword. Forthe I
symbols for which
respectively. Notici
PROGRAMMIN
IS
EASY
[Return]
PRINT 'EASY"
[Return]
We need to give the compute
1. Prints out PROGRAMMIN
2. Prints out IS
3. Prints out EASY
in sequence, without slopping t
us what to do next. Such a sequf
pressed Return (assuming we'd typed
it correctly).
Sometimes, though, we want to
called .
proerar
Beginners | —
your CAPS on
you won't fall
) error ■
f
memory. To see Ihe list, typ
LIST [Return]
1» PR»I "pnoGRAimiG"
3« mm "tdsv"
/ Start to writs your own programs
I in PART TWO of l\/IIKE BIBBY's
guide through the micro jungle /
numbered sequence of 8i
PROGRAMMING
IS
EASY
RUN [Return]
I see printed out:
PROGRAMMING
IS
EASY
you don't do this the pre
typing in might get jumt
previous one -you'll set
You probably ihir
haven't got a progra
n going to ask you to do
i test your faith in me I
creen by typing:
PROGRAMMING
IS
SIMPLE
program you w
alter line 30.
Changing I
implar - iust type in th
30 PRINT "SIMPLE" [Return]
LIST [Return]
fou should obtain Program
IB PRINT "PROEttaMIING"
1» PHMI "15"
3S PRIIIT "SKfLE"
Program II
should revea
RUN [Return]
You shouliJ now get the ravissd
If you accidentally tvped line 10 as:
10 PINT "PROG RAMMING"
3uld get an error message.
To rectify such mistakes, simply
tvpH the correct yersiun of line 10
r editing, a
for a while.
all simply rt
Vinually ad of them have two things
• They make vilal teaching points
the first place).
• The output -that is, what appears
and in many cases there a re far easier
ways of doing it
you can oniy improve by doing it. not
ahead and try It - you can't hurt the
computer from the keybnard, so lal
your imagination run riot.
Vou'll learn far more from your
own examples than you will by merely
echoing mine. And the good thing is
that you get such prompt feedback
So what I'd like you lo do now is to
spend a good time writing simple
"message" programs for the com-
for each instruction. It's also good
policy to LIST your program before
you RUN it, just to make sure that all
PROGRAMMING
11 PIIIT
-PnaAinNt-
» PUNT
•IS"
25 PRINT
■NSTNEN"
31 PRINT
'SH»LE"
20 and 30. Even though we entered i
memory in its correct numerica
position. Try running the program a:
final confirmation.
s go up in steps of 10 when
n for when we are patching
19 PRINT CHIII12S)
It PRINT "«T»Rr-
31 PNINT "BSER"
Program IV
typing each line.
Wow LIST it. Is there
phantom
line 25 in there? If so, you
iidn t type
NEW after the last proc
lines 10, 20 and 30 ot
the lates-
program have replaced th
se lines in
the old program. But a
the new
program doesn t have a 1
r program
The moral is to use NEW before
entering a new program.
If you have got an un'
25, dont worrv - you ca
easily ge
rid of It by typing;
25 [Roturn]
This will delete the lin
since you
replace the old Iine25wil
a new line
which contains nothing -
which the
method holds good for deleting an'
line from a program -Sim
lytypeou
ss Return,
I'd better explain wh
at line 10
lents of 10, each li
; after PRINT.
25 PRINT "RATHER" [Rotum]
Ifyou list it you'll see thai Ihe program
Beginners | —
M
PRUT CHRJIllS) 1
IS
raiiT
21
PBUT
■ftTllRI"
IS
ptinT
1
it
PBMT
■USES"
Program V
It PRIRI CHRSdtS)
ProgrBm VI
The oulput vou will gat is;
HELLOOUTTHERE
Try to get the message lo appear
legibly by rewrlling the program with
appropriate spaces in the strings.
pletely differenl.
Try running Program VIII. I I
the affect is pretty impressive.
So far alt our programs ^
The ability to repeat a simple
operation rapidly is what gives
the Atari much of its power
«
PRINT
TEEL"
3«
?RIiT
■OIZZT"
4t
PRINT
EC
PRINT
SI
60T0 1
•
what you have typed in. This program
shows how, with the addition of one
tine (line 601, you can obtain a huge
increase in the amount of output. It is
this ability, to repeal a simple
operation rapidly, that gives the Atari
much of its power.
If things are happening a little too
fast for you, you can temporarily
suspend action by pressing;
[Control] + 1
[Control] + 1
I (line 10)
FEEL (line 20)
DIZZY (line 30)
0. It duty does so and
(line 10)
. (line 20)
mil it reaches line SO,
lacktoline lOandsoon
Notice that when the
it scrolls up to make
ime for such a condition
, where you keep on
i oi t
It useful machines
unconditional loops
e program
IS PRINT
2« PRIM)
I« PRINT
4« PRINT
GS PRINT ■■
it PIINI ■'
7* PRINT "
M PRINT "
n PRINT "
lU PRINT
111 PRINT
i.lt PRINT
IM PRINT
II MINT CNR1III5I
Zl PRINT "THIS IS"
n PRINT "VERY S1LL«"
4R tOTS IB
Part of the new Atari generation
THE first Atari computers, in the
days when Acorns were only
found on trees, wore rovolution-
orv to say the least. The 400 and
800 - both initially with Sk and
subsequently with a massive 1 6k
- featured such undreamed-of
features as 256 colours, multiple
sprites and a four channel sound
' upgraded
Assessed by
ANDRE WILLEY
jitportabla, a
leSBXEM
hav'a Midi
; 800X1
3 64lt,
iced (
Id work correctly or
Ihe 16/32 bit ST range V
music interfaces buili in.
Atari could neither conlirm or deny
tills, but did confirm that currently all
production efforts are being chan-
nelled into prouiding good slociss of
the 130XE, and in getting ready lor
tlie launch of the new 5Z0ST in
May/June.
The XE range will support a whole
One Interesting point is that the
graphics symbols are now printed on
the front of each key, making typing
programs very much simpler.
The power switch is at the rear,
the transformer lead. Also provided
□n ihe rear panel are TV and video
outputs, the serial bus conriector for
and although there is no
i interface, the enpansion
130lt t
The Trai
□OS 2,5, an upgrade of t^
2,0. It will s"
aid DOS
, .. ill of the
,,^., ,he extra RAM of Ihe
130XE and files from the abortive
DOS 3,
The 1 30XE itself is a very sleeli
light-grey unit, looking similar to the
keyboard portion of an IBM, The keys
: an 800XL Basic will
its "Ready" prompt
tart to program, load
« feel a
The 65XE (a re-packaged 800XU
ill probably not see dayiiglit while
e 800XL is still in the shops. The
mours say that Ihe 8 bit portable
iXEP has been scrapped in favour of
The function keys (Start, Optlo
etc! now lie just above the ma
sophisticated Basic, dan'
Iry Basic-XL from OSS. Tl
(player/missile graphic:
advanced record handlif
matted PRINT Btaiem
spaed memory access ai
fjll string handling, full (
■- — ■-■•
«•■
complete programs to type in at the
basically a 12Bk version of the
800XL, and is upwardly software
The appendices cover pin connec-
compatible, The styling, keyboard and
tions, accessing the extra RAM and
documentation have been vastly
Error messages. 1 feel that the book
improved and lets hope that the
still doesn t go far enough and that
rather minor video problems will soon
some menllon at least should be
be sorted out.
made of file handling (such as OPEN,
Still, at £169,99, it is a very good
CLOSE and X10), PEEKs and POKEs,
buy indeed, offering far more for the
ARRAYS, maths functions and the
price than the equivalent CBM, Acorn
memory map.
or Amstrad offerings. 1 don't really
My other gripe is the location and
construction of the cartridge socl^et.
It Is very difficult to insert cartridges
into the back of the machine, since
you can't even see the socket without
■
leaning over the computer. Also
third-party cartridges have a
this wasn't quite as bad as the famous
Sinclair "Ram-Paclt-Wobble" and it
caused me no problems during
testing wUh AtariWriter, Actionl.
Basic-XL and Atari Anist. it could well
cause problems as the unit gets older.
1 was, however, pleasantly sur-
prised by the manual. It is well laid out
and a good introduction into pro-
gramming in Basic, 1
It clearly explains the keys and |
houv to write simple programs, with
examples throughout and a set of
However, Ihere is a loophole that
Atari has exploited in the 1 30XE, The
Why nol, for instance, have two sets
of 64k, storing your progiam in one
Ols area, although we can change
to oj[ advantage Issb program
listing on nexl page).
Your Basic program will start at
lojt 2k, which leaves a nice blocis
froiTi 16k up to 32k or S4000 to
S7FFF in hex, relatively free.
You can tell the computer to use
ither the "normBi" $4000-S7FFF
lemory, or one of four other "hidden"
liocks inside the maciiine. Four iots
of 16k being the extra 64k, of course.
soooo
ApprQX
$4000
$8000
SAOOO
SCOOO
I
e™rv
~w
$0000
$4000
$BOO0
$C0OO
'in
a for OS
Basic
Via bark
\
VQUr Basic program
(if
•="■
..»
Bank 2
B,.„,0„
Opsrating Bysterl
Bank 3
n Table 1 you can see
he eight
for use
how ihev are allocated
-think of
"switch on" an empty block of
m as two sets of four blocks. You
tell the computer that whenever
data, eel up screens, or anything else
n S4000
you wish within that area.
$7 FFF, you really mean
to talk to
After you have finished working
of blocks 0, 1, 2 or 3,
with the extra block you give another
POKE and your Basic program is back
gram that extends th
oughout
SI of the 37k free m
mory to
By the way, DO remember to make
[he start of the program it
I memory switching anc
n GOSUB to it wheneve.
m/code
2 1
med: BAO
tejittorful
description)
jDndarybanka
ddressi
2 1
[Na
™.='Jr
m'sL°o1s'
selBclBitI
dBscription)
condary bank
ddress)
BK
"
1 CPUbankenablelCBE)
1 =6502 uses Normal msmory bank at $4000
5 1 Video bank eneblelVBEl
1 = Antic uses Normal memory bank at $4000
= Antic usas Eitended memory bank at $4000
(Unused or the 130XE1
•7 1 Sslf-tasiROMsaleW
l=RAMen8blBaatI5000
□ = Selt-iast HOrul enabled at $5000
-Analysis
1-
? example program
3l memory, or one
'■"•'•"""■
not quite a
you remember thai an Atari actually
has two, not one. CPU chips. The
6502 is the main one. which does all
of the work for Basic and input/out-
:allad Antic whi.
devoted lo generating t
display. This also accesses
order to do its jab. You cai
and the 6502 lo acces:
banks of memory.
ForE
mple.
le 6503 W
c progra
■r?) It
plished both tasks at the same time.
You can't of courES tell the CPU to
change the display data while you're
in this mode — il doesn't see the same
memory as the display chip.
This means that any graphics
commands, PLOTs and DRAWTOs,
etc.. must be done when the CPU is
accessing the memory containing the
program is switched off. Y
till use SETCOLOR, thouj
doesn't actually change t
Its of the display area.
! memory location is used
I all of the switching. This
in 54017 (SD301 for machi
sers). Each individual bit wit(
ication does a different jab,
jsdinTablelMsi
ilh's
always be 1 ,
le (from Basic, that
you switch il offl. This giv
value of 128 + 64+1 lor
POKE into 54017. The
the POKE,
the POKE,
the POKE,
(he POKE,
CPU 'Normal' M<
POKE,
CPU'Enlended'r
POKE.
ANTIC 'Normal'
the POKE,
ANTIC Extended
the POKE.
To set the memc
POKE 54»7,l»Itlltl64Ii
Of POKE 54817,253
Example 1: To set the CPU t
PDKE S4B17,l)]'t4t8<'J7
POKE wn,i.n*12f*»
You will quite quickly gel usei
working with location 54017 a
:e your program Is
memory you can always switch off
and start again if things go wrong,
IMy special thanks to Software
Express, of Birmingham, for The kind
loan of the very first 130XE in Bruin.i
rrecl. and SAVE it. When yr
aatlem will quickly be drav
II be left on the screen while tl
A ATARI*
ZOOMSOFT
SOFTWARE SPECIALIST
ADVENTURES
' Analysis
i-
CPU
ANTIC
BANK
VARIABLES
Sets CPU mode for subrou
FUNCTIONS
1010 GOSUB to set colours.
1070-1120 Get a key. If 1-5, GOSUB
Esc. exit to Basic. OtharwlE
1 170-1 190 Set Antic and colours for [
1240-1260 Set Antic and colours for [
1310-1330 Set Antic and colours for i
1370-1390 Set Antic and colours for i
1440-1470 Set i
1520-1530 Subr
1580-1590 Subr
Well -named
Colossus
COLOSSUS CHESS 30
ENGLISH Software ate rol what
ColOMiH Chaw 3.0 package In
arthek^literature, and even in
nK&' "^
T**-— ,, ._ J
the manual, it's billsd as "the be
St chess playing program for
^^^HP^ !g i"
Maybe that only makes il a bi
chess programs for the Atari.
uld fare in the bigger pool that
t what If offers.
IwssgladtDSeetf^attheoroa
to specify your move. You simply
position it on the piece to be
moved, press Return, position 11
press fletum again.
^^^^^^^
the more common ■■e2-e4-
used to sat up and solve chess
say much, Ihere'satableattne
Colossus to be up there with
problems, and not lusi the
to do it that way,'.he program
usual ■white to move and
the results of Colossus v The
Colossus Chess 3,0 comes
on 4BK cassette or disc, with
As chess programs go this
type*
The program was tested
prices of £9,95 and £12,95
respeotively. To call it the best
consider its slanbarb of game
home computer chess pro-
chess program for the Atari
gram ever to be able lo solve
ines ranging from the ZXai to
the Apple, Against each one a
series of 1 6 games was played
Dave Ruaull
levels can be saleeted by
""«■ ^^^ .^.^
number of whites and blacks
program has to select a move,
be selected or you can play an
probably fair to say that
Colossus is the best chess
Colossus beat them all -
most of them by 16 games to
One for
all-the-movee same in whicti
Atari,
nil, Sargon 111, widely recog-
the total game time is
You can even introduce a
handkap for the program lor
The manual gives a good
description of all the features
and how to use them, and fully
describes all the different
nised as an e«cBlleni program,
Chess, another Atari version,
went down 12-4, while Atari's
joystick
yojrself if youre that good) by
putting soma time on one of
the clocks before the game
sections of the screen display.
Knight Mk II won only three of
its 16 games.
jockeys I
There's an "equality ' mode
presentation is awful. It's
Chess Z.O for the Commodore
AS they say on all the best
in which the program will try to
keep its clock as close as
printed in black on red paper-
not a pretty sight.
64 was advertised as "the
finest chess program ever
awards shows, I'll take them
It looks to have been
we reviewed Smash Hits
photo-reduced to A5 slie from
volumes 3 and Z, this month
A4 dot matrH printer output.
fared against its predecessor.
which doesn't help, and you'll
There are plenty of other
Martin Bryant we can assume
it opens with Jat-Boot Jack,
read the loading instructions.
that 3.0 would win . , . but by
This is probably the best '
what margin? How much
known of the English SofP«are
''°esen?ria«A!isef''ul tutorial
program is anything more than
a big fish In a little pool we
"^/Tthe manual t'oints out.
games, which is presumably |
the same set of results could
volumes. It's a good game, so '
option which will sh=w all
its game.
not be guaranteed in every set
of 16 games. Nevertheless,
Next is Dan Strike* Back,
even if the results are taken as
the EeHuel to Diamonds from
The program can also be
mVJo sZeds. which doesn't
only a rough guide, they show
Volume 2- English Software
Software | —
Dan sallies forth
f Hyper
■, with the room. Fortjnately.raspon
sally well the joystick is excBllBtil.
RrefleellBadifficultga
enBEcrolls anyw/iere-and thofrustral
gel
fe addict. Captain Sticky's from bottom to top, giving the thing ,„^ ..,= ,=.j„,cu
his is miles members of the family, scroll in the other direction. challEnga, this one's for yoj.
riginal. it's Finally, RrellBBt calls for The game requires a bll of All in all. it you're a joystick
Diayeditlo. level of Brecislon. Your task is selective shooting, and a lot of ^alje foi money at E14.95''for
idy s got to steer your space cruiser precision steering. If you hit the tape and £17.95 for the
Next comes Hyperblagt.
populated by tanks. It's s sort
^^r^r^]Jmesl
KEEPAN EYE OPEN
stick and thumb plenty of
rcise as you dodge the
ONE of the features of the new
Atari disc package is the
inclusion of a new adventure
game. The Pay-Oft. For-
FOR LUIGI
emy, although it has the
tunately for this reviewer, who
mpiest space warp ive ever
already owns a complete Atari
but the writers were one jump lead the villain of the piece.
tween levels so the quality
available In Its own right from
success was nothing more New Jersey in search of a
'all good Atari stockists".
than a pipe dream. fabulous gem which, word on
n Captain Sticky's Gold
The game Is a double first
for Atari, being both their first
acles 1 soon found plenty answer to all your problems.
plains hapless crew
disc game and also their first
adventure. Based on this
ia\ life places to explore Yet the greatast crime has
gold. LBvell starts off nice
d easy, with only some fish
hope that it won't be their last.
avared a malevolent sense tlonally 1 might add) by the
d an air leech to avoid while
Despite the racent trend
re grabbing the gold.
B in the car park. enough rope to hang himself.
ng used up all the time
text-only game, Ullled in pub-
1 fact 1 found myself more While it is possible to gain
re under water. You can
adte'ntur'e""'Ti;is'm7y''beseen
position and deliberately eiplore it, despite the do?y
"dying" in order to enjoy the guard - one very imponant
ng, but there is also a time
ge which shows how long
in some quarters as Atari once
more swimming against the
author s sense of humour, piece of equipment is secreted
have left to complete the
When you've collected 10
adventurer''wiN asMrt."^ '^^
yourself into the character the out difficulty. In tact, you've
s of gold you move to the
t level, where things are a
lime hoodlum determined to
stake your last few dollars on a
alion calls for desperate m BBS- an adventure such as The
— Software 1
A micro version
of Indiana Jones?
It, Quicliclaw, 3 Raj diamond
Id s Slone fat, 'a _
CollHoiing gold bars on the by misjudging
ay to boost your points score earlier leap?.
The quest starts on a ted mega lung Ci
id as you Ofogress to Ihe eels, though
Then
giant arts - different haiards nun
Contact Willi any of tHese, get
OUTDO THOSE GREMLINS
5 Gold Qftering, Mr
s get more often th
Paul HSMiitt
Features • Play the computer or a friend • Computer
player gets tougher as you do • 64 BattJe combinations
9 Separate battleground screen # Medieval pieces
like the wizard and the sorceress - magic spells and a board ^
that changes as you play • Deluxe boxed package JrKludes
full instruction and hints manual • Joysiicic controlled *
A message from
[i(^©[iD§[}{] §(D[Fir\m[i(
to all owners of
ATARI, COMMODOf^E 64, BBC B,
ACORM ELECTROM and AM5TRAD Computers...
Software companies grow d'
seems fromtfienumDerofnewcompanlesEpringingupeuery
ETIGUSH SOFTlMftRE was launched three years ago with a
smashing little game for Atal Computers called AIR5TRIKE 1,
whlchqulcWy becameoneofthemostpopularU.rt programmed
gamesfortheAtarl. I
Then as now, Atari Computers were amongst the most
advanced on the planet, but they were aTRIFLE enpen5|we!
But we knevj that prices would come down, and f -'
people would soon appreciate the great range o,
Atari software produced by ErtGLISH 50r^^W^RE.
But Atari owners used to be a funny lot, being '- -
to utter such gems as'
■'ltcan'tbeanycop,lfltco5t5lessthanfM" /^f9.95
Honestly, that's what they used to say I Anyway,
In the face of this rather strange attitude, we wen
ahead and committed the ultimate sin.
ATARI QAMES AT £9.95!
IWe expected some slight resistance to these
prices from Atari owners who only equated high
quality with high prices, but we were wrong:
Everybody thought the prices were great, and tf
VJs even produced the fantastic ATARI CASSETTE
EMhArKERat£7,95, a superiD utility program for
BASK program me rs
5o now, for those of you who might have missed out on
all our excellent Atari titles, we ate releaslngsomething
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ATARI 5HA5H HITS Volumes 1, 2 and 3
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We have also Just released COLOSSUS CHESS 5.0, the best chess program available anywhere lor
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Electron are now available at selected branches of W.M. SMITH.
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comms
Find out how to
use your A tan
to link up with
the world
networ/( of
Happy davs. or a( least they werE for
to a more itmndane lave-hale relalions
me. Still, like all infatuations it gave way
ip. Micros were stilt exciting, but the first
communications
thrills had gone, never to be recalled, t
inlfoduced to the world of comms, Th
t least that's what I thought until 1 was
en that was it. Gone was the debonair,
in this special
"man of the micro wodd", "1 can tak
II yoj're woridering what comms
Ataris or leave them " attitude, 1 was
e hacking fraternity 1
12 page section
- in this case, communications
between micros via the telephone
U.^l.. J -.
_ 1. ■ ■
lines. It sounds so innocent, doesn't
it? Then 1 suppose heroin doesn't look
loo bad, but once you get hooked . , .
Hooked on nacKing
It started when a friend of mine
who works for Atari User lent me a
modem - that's the gadget for
PETER ATKINSON confesses
attaching a micro to the phone
system - and his black book of
bulletin board numbers.
A bulletin board is just an
his communications addiction!
carry the phone numbers of other
own electronic mailbon. H, like me.
electronic noticeboard that you can
boards, which carry numbers of yet
you can't wait to open your mail inttie
leave messages on. And, of course,
other boards ... and so on ad
morning, you'll enjoy logging onto the
infinitum.
system (as ringing it up is known).
users leave,
Of course, as with all addictions.
There's a fresh crop of letters every
It appears innocuous enough.
you move on to harder stuff. My
few hours.
doesn't it? But its not. From my first
encounters with bulletin boards led
When 1 first logged onto it,
session 1 was in its grip.
IVIicroLink was in the development
The messages are absolutely
No hobbyist bullerin board this, but a
stage, so there were only magazine
fascinating. There are people asking
nationwide commercial network
editors and the like to write to, Sy the
for (or supplying! help with program-
based on a series of powerful
time you read this, though, there
ming problems, people swopping
should be hundreds of real people
sharing the fun.
software packages (especially
latest news, special interest groups
rvlind you, MicroUnk isn't just
adventures), people airing their
and software to download - although
restricted to sending letters to people.
opinions on everything from politics
this time you have to pay. (My habit
although there are extremely power-
to piano playing.
was getting serious by now,]
ful facilities for doing so 1 haven't
There are second-hand and swap
Still, you can get everything from
even touched on.
pages - everything from cars to
train timetables to holiday bookings.
There's a notice tiaavd and a more
wives, pages of micro-news, gossip
electronic shopping to interactive
powerful bulletin board. You can chat
with anyone who happens to be
seen jobs advertised.
days on Prestel (1 did) and not exhaust
the possibilities.
In my quieter, reflective moments
"on-linB" to the computer at the same
time as you are. You can find out
(when the wife insists on using the
And then 1 discovered Telecom
which dealer's selling the equipment
phone) 1 think the attraction is the fact
Gold, It's not a dairy product, no
you want at the price you want. The
that microcomputing is normally such
list of facilities goes on and on.
a lonely business.
incredibly sophisticated electronic
How could 1 resist? The truth is 1
As soon as you get into comms
mail system, a sort of mega-bulletin
didn't even try. Every spare minute 1
you're freed from your isolation. It's
board.
amazing how many interesting.
like-minded fellow maniacs there are
beginning of MicroUnk. one of the
moralising:
out there i
latest developments on Gold, as
Go mother. Wll your children.
And then there's the free software.
afficionados refer to it, This is a joint
Never do what 1 have done
IMIost bulletin boards have software
development between Telecom Gold
for downloading, as it's known.
A lot of it is encBJIent quality - and
and the people behind Atari Useran6
modem should have a government
health warning.
it's free! Even if I've no need for it 1
Perhaps 1 should ... but 1 wont.
cant resist having it. The boards also
For a start, everyone gets their
Comms is just too much fun.
•E-veB-vo;
,0-T»»-^
yOOT
^!':;e;»>!,
ation
IK
- often reforrBd ti
Thsy decided
lo a telephone ai
Get your
across
bulletin
« people with avallHble t
even DrdinBrv that they
!n priced systems si
h of the hobbyists in
Ifyousi
■ ^
< hBBS
a ound as yet, but
be ng deuelaped.
ols SJch systems
thH USA,
programs
In fact enchanging
iaily whst BBS are all
There will always be
agas can be private or public.
But unless the system has a
particular theme of its own, you are
a a egories. They will tell you if
unlikely to find much information of
ha e a message waiting when
general interest on it.
a and also let you search for
If you are looWng lor train times.
m ages on a particular subject.
weather reports, financial informa-
he eaturesthalyQUwillfindon
tion, hotel bookings and suchlike the
a BBS n ude information and news
large commercial systems such as
fes ep for inenperienced users.
Prestel are the place to go.
softwa e download, games and
amount of overlap between Prestel
e ad ertising.
systems and BBS, You will find some
e eason 1 prefer using bulletin
ds Preslal or Micronet, which
Micronet and Vievriax 258 on the
'■^mmjiem/^,tm
Comms
i-
mmisM'}&m
message
on a
board
BBSs havE.
The olher advantage Df BBSs is
[hat they are open to anyone with no
IreE of charge (except lor the cost of
the phone call).
On the other hand ordinary Prestel
will cost voii C6.50 a quarter (+VAT),
and Micro Preslel (which has the
1 Ring-back prooedura ^^
back , It '^ • ^
« Swil
^'°^oJl^O pe. cnt of P-f^'^lZ
'go per cam "< ^""^^^^ ^ing I
■ ''°'i^'^'Jhen^he sysop |
'^raufmes. Then when t..= =
I answers, assi.n'lnQ 'j^J "'(f^,
! call t^iey hang up. bysops
' ' irritating'
^SM^L^eS^
Technology, primarily for the
Youth Training Scheme (YTS).
The ITEC opened for trainees in
February 1984 and has been
extremely busy ever since.
Courses in oflice skills, such as
Trainees call
link Basildon
agement, prograrnming and elec-
ey. Th
pear asking you lo press Return
tronics are availahle to trainees, using
this point it is testing to see
Currently we have four computer
Calli
er it has an Atari on line or
ach □
other computer. It will then
ead, A
:ransmilting pure text, asking
We have been using an Atari
he disc and printer and all messages
you some polite questions. As soon as
re primed out. Private messages lo
you get clean, readable, text, put your
Iniliallv this was an Atari 800, but it
he sysop, however, are not logged to
phone down.
has rEcentIv been replaced with an
he disc.
After you answer it will log your
800 XL, which is used for a variety of
The system is very easy lo use and
call and let you in to the system. If you
tasks, including the trainee and staff
offers help menus for the inespar
call during the day you might like to
enced. The information on offer is In
try the Yell command (menu option
Ttie Atari Is used as both the
he main about Basildon ITEC
Y). It will sound a bell at our end and
manager, Malcolm Bridges and
one of us may break in for a chat via
the keyboard. We have made many
myself have Alaris at home- and can
transfer data easily from one machine
By
new friends this way.
Once you get into our system you
However the Atari's primary task is
communications. It was initially used
TONY DWYER
will find information which we hope
you find interesting and useful. One
file in which you may be particularly
interested is a list of other bulletin
when we acquired some modems and
a simple terminal program. This
although we do get some intereslin
boards in the U K (Beware, If you dont
enabled us to log on to many private
messages.
and commercial bulletin board sys-
If you would like lo call our BB, yo
will need the following lassumin
disconnected !)
interest, particularly on my part, and
that you are an Atari user):
Our system permits the download-
our phone bills jumped through the
• An Atari computer |at least flBk
ing and uploading of programs using
• A disc drive (810 or 1050|
Xmodem protocols. Xmodem will
Basildon ITECs bulletin board runs
• A modem (1 recommend WSZOO
ensure that you get a clean download
on an Atari BOOXL with a 1050 disc
or Pace Nightingale), Set it at 30
of data.
drive and an 850 interface to handle
baud. Depending on the modem yo
It does this by sending a block of
the signals lo the modem and printer
choose, you may also need an Ata
data and checking a checksum value i
(an Epson MXlOO).
850 interface unit.
returned by the receiving computer. If
It uses software from the USA
• Terminal software
known as Amis. This was sent to us
• A telephone line
again. In this way complex programs
by the Rainbow Computer Company
• A printer would be handy
can be sent. Even machine code is
in Orlando, Florida, after we had
IReade's might like lo take advantag
e transmitted safely.
logged onto their system and had a
f Many terminal programs are avail-
chat with the systems operator
on Page 35.)
able for the Atari - commercial ones
(sysop).
Having connected it all logethe
r such as Teletalk and the excellent
The system operates at 300 baud
and managed to get the software t
Home Term. There are also some
(300 bits per second] transmit and
public domain programs around
receive, accepting calls from any
Dial our BB number- il isBasildo
n including Jterm and Amodem.
computer system operating in Ascii at
0268 2S122, You will hear a ringin
g Our Atari is also used for other
that rata. However it is rather clever in,
tone for a couple of seconds, then yo
u tasks. For enample, we manufacture a
that it can recognise Atari computers.
will hear a continuous high pitche
d light pen for the Atari computers,
This is because Ataris can operate In
tone. This is the carrier tone.
Each one is tested on our machine
an enhanced character mode known
At this point switch on yo
r using our own software and sent out
modem - its carrier detect lig
t with a disc of introductory programs
When a user logs on it checks for
should come on. Press the Return ke
y written by myself. The pens are made
the value transmitted by the Return
on your Atari a few times, A dlspla
1 in our electronics laboratory by our
Comms
on Atari to
to the world!
often work a'
■king day is verv full I
i-
people. We even allow ihem access
tq some of our computers.
We have many plans for the future.
One involves more Ataris - me have
eight 800 XLs on order. These will be
used to train primary school children
in computer use. making use of the
Atari touch tablets and probably
Logo.
We plan to involve local schools in
this project, intending to gjve large
with guidance on
. We feel that Logi
m, the
ivity. This
idea has already been very successful
in the USA and we hope to achieve
similar results here. J hope to keep
you posted in Atar/ User later in the
Join the communications revolution
We've found the
missing link!
By DEREK
MEAKIN
I bullHlin board you could ace
otlyou lo chat freely wllh o[h<
1 or Ihe length of malenal •,
VI
For less than the CQ
le size of this page
lafrartionoiaaico
iBcepllon the new service has been gver by our readers- am
Its unlimited potential (or future development.
Come and join us - and eiqiloie with ub the whole new iwrld thai /
is being opened up by MkiroLink,
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BODXL/IOIORECaflDEFtPACK
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PAGE 6
ATARI USER
BACK IN STOCK
ATARI STOP PRESS1
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REMEMBER
IF WE 00 NOT HAVE WHAT YOU REQUIRE IN STOCK
WE CAN NORMALLY 'OBTAIN IT' FAST!
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^g^^ invitesyoutojoin.
miaoLiDk
MicToLink is this year's most
exciting - as well as most
ambitious - development in the
rapidly-expanding world of
telecomputing.
For the first time, it combines
tile enthusiasm of many thousands
of computet users with the power
and versatility of Britain's national
database, Telecom Gold.
The result is an international
communications link that is your
passport to new realms waiting to
be explored, new experiences to be
shared with kindred spirits who
enjoy telecomputing just as much
as you do yourself.
Comniunicating the MlcroLink
way is ultra-fast - and much
cheaper than you might expect.
Wherever you live, you get direct
access to the Telecom Gold
computer at local call rates.
With your ouin electronic
mailbox you can send a message to
one destination - or to 5001 - for
less than you would pay for a first
class stamp.
You can send and receive telex
messages worldwide, or have a
two-way chat with other users in
real time.
And the cost of using Micro-
Link? Just £3 a month. Plus small
additional access charges as
detailed overleaf.
Join MlcroLink now - and let
you and
your Atari be
nthe
fore&on
of the ne.
V revolution in
commu
■cations!
These are some of the innovative features
you'll be able to use when you join . . .
maoLiDh
What facilities you can use - directly from your micro:
• Access at any hour ol (he day or niglil to Microsearch, out exclusiue product localer, which is
con^laiitly updated by Britain's mejot distribulois. Powerful, easy-to-use keyword searching means
you should find what you want within seconds,
• Direct contact, via electronic mail, with other users Ihi^ughout the world. And because you're
connected uia P5S, and not the normal phone links, it's usually much, much cheaper,
• Full use of the closed user group bulletin board - with a special section ior Atari users.
• Full service of news about new products and events. All presented in easy-to-read iomi to keep you
right up to date with what is happening in the world of microcomputing and communications.
• Send and receive mailbox messages of any length with other Telecom Gold mailbox users, the
number of which is rapidly growing.
• Send and receive lelex messages, both Within Britain and all over the world.
■ Send telemessages to any address in the UK. [i sent bebre 10pm they will get guaranteed deHueiy
the next working day. Including Saturday (This seniice commences shorlJy.J
• If you live outside the 01 local call area, use of PSS at local phone call charges, including access to
the international Dialcom system. (This covers neor/y 90 per ceni of the population of the UK.;
• Use. should you require it of the Telecom Gold mainfiame for storage of your own data.
• Encouragement to combine with friends or colleagues to set up your own closed user group within
MicroLink.
• Provision of free telesoftware, which you can download into your Atari.
What you will receive when you join MicroLink:
• Free registration on Telecom Gold - and your own private mailbox.
• Free password, which you can change at any time you Bke. This gives you a tiigh level of security
in order to preserve confidentiality, and is known only to you.
• Free Instructional manual to Introduce you to Telecom Gold and its many services,
• Free Help lacillty should you require additional assistance.
• Free newsletter to keep you informed ol future developments in this ever-expanding service.
What you need to access MicroLink:
• Any personal computer, portable computer, hand-held device o
communications facilities.
• Appropriate communications software,
• Modem (you can use 300/300, 1200/75 or 1200/1200 b.
electronic typewriter with
jd as you wish].
Whatwillitcost?
■ Monthly standing charge of E3 (compared to Telecom Gold's normal £10 a month minin
• Connect charges: 3.5p a minute (cheap rate); 10,5p a minute (standard rate). Plus 2p a r
PSS charge if calling from outside the 01- call area.
• Once only telex registration fee (if required): £10.
• Outgoing teleK 5.5p per 100 characters (UK). 1 Ip (Europe) and 16,5p (USA).
• Incoming telex: 50p.
• International mail: 30p for fiist 2,048 characters, then 15p for each additlona) 1,024 char
• Telemessages: £1.25 (or a marimum of 350 words or 35 single spaced lines,
• On-line databases on Telecom Gold: cl^arges as indicated at time of log-on.
To secure your immediale registration, complete the fonn opposite and ictum it to: \
MicroLink. Europa House, 68 Chester Road, Hazel Grove, Stockport SK7 5NY. y^
^ ^n 5 S^a » ^5 i^5
illfilfiifll
SglS 3i S-^JfaS aSrS.S- 13-3 8? "Si „ S 9 * ? j § P S i 2 S-! S ■< J -.
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^1 § Ho
3" » ^F
liWilP iKl I III
r'
illf
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is'*-!
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s-Ji
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iBlf:
~ ;
iBlll:
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e9 -
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i o iinnr
|s
If — 1 1 1 1
f I n 1 1 m
1 1 f
I —
A money-savine special offer from ^^^^
IS your
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into the
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IT'S by far the fastest growing field in
microcomputing. All over tfie world micros
are talking to eacli other over the telephone
line. As well as to the ever- increasing number
of public and private databases, bulletin boards
- and even giant mainframe computers.
We want all Atari User readers to share in
the new technology that makes all this
possible. So we're offering a unique starter
pack at an unbeatable price. It gives you
everything you need to get in touch with the
big wide world outside:
• Modem
• Software
• Serial Interface
The modem is the amazing Miracle
Technology WS2000. One of the most
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facilities you require. Yet it's simplicity itself to
use. Just plug it into a standard British
Telecom jack and you're away!
The package also features the superb Datari
serial interface, which links the modem directly
to the Atari's peripheral port without the need
for the 850 serial interface.
The best hardware deserves the best
software to drive it, and with the specially
written Multi-Wewterm program the package is
complete. It supports all the standard baud
rates - 1200/75, 75/1200, 1200/1200 and
300/300 full duplex.
Your Atari User package will allow you to
talk directly to other computers, to send your
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You will be able to join Micron et/Prestel,
which will immediately open up to you a vast
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And you can become one of a growing
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But first, send for the Miracle package -
and enter the fascinating, limitless wodd of
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IIU.JI.IJ.U.I.Jli.l...l.l.ldM,l,^^
ROBIN HUDSON says: Forget the past,
get on to the right number and . . .
tllCATIONSis, perhaps,
I interesting area of
iputing that has vet to
:plored by the majority of
computer users.
Serialise,
modulate,
communicate!
let's examine Iha passibility of
telephone system.
t is simply a m
sphone calls 1
ssages for othi
:h systems oper
s as far apart s
progressed to a more
lie than in Europe,
which accepts
interface, as opposed
interface such as iha
Centronics-type printei
mental to the whole
ransf erred
within a CO
reen different
suitable equipment i
are no longer prohibi
phone c
Anot
er type of sy
-bullelin
board is peculia
Bulletin
boards were first
A
B
Da
A
Da,.^r..eiv.d
Comms
i-
cablarinstead ora^nrand e
venifthis
□ parallel
fact that
tend lo
vithin the
know as
Digital wavefor
nA"
complicalions with respect
data transfer.
These revolve arQund th
the individual bits of dat
travel at different speeds v
wires and introduce what i
data skew. The result is Iha
becomes garbled.
..^yV-vAv
-y^
This
more noticeable over greater distan-
rarely longer than about a metre.
We see then that the function of a
serial interface is to convert data from
a computer into serial form so that jl
The parallel transfer of n data bits
requires n+1 individual wires, n wires
I parallel interface due to the a
if the skew effect in serial ci
What are the ather compon
before being passed to the telephone
Conversely, received analogue
data is demodulated into digital form
before being given to the computer.
Modulate and OfModulate electrical
The final element involved is the
software.
The facilities offered by communi-
cations software may vary greatly,
by which the serial interfaces, and the
nts, apart from the computer,
3e present in a communications
n using the telephone network
rial interface, a modem and the
perfectly possible t
computerstogetherv
telephone system.
Dnlrolle
1 then
sion of the human voice which is
analogue, as opposed to digital, in
The difference between the two
types of signal, analogue and digital,
can be seen in Figure II.
waveform produced by digital corn-
telephone network because of the
nature of the network itself and
various fillers and switching equip-
ment used in telephone exchanges.
To overcome this problem a further
piece of equipment is required that
will convert digital data into analogue
although
le physical i
>e protocols may be regarded
equivalent of word, sentence
pounds.
t any other type of
Go Space-hopping with
your Atari - plus a little
help from TeleLink
.ink. Britain's pioneering comj
zine, is hill at iielpful advice
uting things you can do wlic
to vout teleplione.
re spedal faalures on . .
ru to cut down iiour phone bill: Taking th
he phone chavning siistem.
rtofa guid<:d lour □/ Ilie mnssirje Ameii,
M:kd3f 'nrfei.
erom GaW What il is, i^Jial ft does, and
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V^c^
I
YOU are a destrayar captain alone
in a hostile sea surrounded by a
pack of submarines which are
travelling secretly to a rendez-
vous. The submarines cannot
break radio silence or send for
help and must not attack you for
feat of giving their position away
but you can sink as many of them
as you can - with as few depth
charges as possible.
On the screen will be shown a
board divided into
The submarine is hiding ir
tho:
Each line of boxes goes from
to 9 and you have to give the box
numbers to the computer when it
asks for your entry. You will be
asked to type in a number for the
X and Y lines. If you think that the
submarine is in a box 8 across and
5 high then return 8 and 5 whan
the X and Y positions are asked
for.
Remember you must press
Return after each number.
It you make a direct hit you will
hear a noise and the screen will
show you how many tries you
took to sink the submarine.
If you miss, the computer will
tell you if your shot was North,
South, East or West of the target
and you imist then plan your next
shot. As soon as the submarine is
sunk your computer will search
SUBROUTINES
370 Header.
binary system, whi
MIKE BIBBY
continues his series
of articles aimed at
ur usual
lifting the veil of
coding
mystery cloaking
which
the fundamentals
system
of the Atari's
.n,s,w.
workings
you why bi
2*0. The ,
The fact i!
162 = 100+60+2
128 G432 16 842 1
^ 10)00010
= 12St-32 + Z
s. B subjei
ly covered at
2-2 = 4
2'2'2 = 8
2'2'2'2 =. 16
iltiplled together.
4 2 1
; 1 1 in 3
i 1 denary + 2
iwn and carry 1" when ya
H you gat a three then "ci
There are two
schools of
— % 1 1 1 in 7
_ H ■ _ + % 11 decimal +3
thought on .5==Sir~
subtraction -do you borroi
Bitwise
i-
A' ordecompose! The latter
Bit number
Bit value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1'
"
»
'
'
»
1
1Z8
64
32
16
a
4
2
1
enough provided that vou remembe
that it is twQ you're borrouving c
Ihe process - without any attempt ti
explain It,
simple sums, look what happens if wi
shift everything in a binary numbe
over to the ieft, putting a zero into bi
0, which would be left vacan
For example:
8 4 2 1
% 10 1 which h 5
8 4 2 1
ie, 12 divided by 2 givf
:olunin exactly one he
one half iowHt. Nate ti"
Bit number
Bit value
7
Ll28
6
2''6
64
5
2"5
32
4
2"4
16
3
2"3
8
2
2"2
4
1
2 AT
2
2'^
1
h
,
»
'
.
»
e 1, when it's halved it
r example, if v^e try to d,
id by 2 in binary by shifting
|ht, the equivalent of 13,
.If by 2 gives S.5, not 6, s
Jid happened to the 0.57
is. Well, when we shifted c
whichisGindeci
nai. Now13div
„
enoug
binary for on
s hexBdecima
4 2
-% 1
1
1 OR
%
-%
%
Borro
4
A<in
2
~1
'0
Ind
cimal -3
3
% 1
i
Decomposition
Figure III: Binary subli
oworjust decompose?
— Sounds
>
PETE BIBBY strikes a chord with his Atari
Have fun with these
musical experiments..
LET'S start oH this month with
four notes played at once by
entering:
SDIKIVI,12I,II,B iSDUND l,fi,ll,Bi
SOUND Z,GUII>GiSOUIID 3,U,ll,e
While not likely to make Beet-
differenl pitch Darameter. The result
hearing if vou haven't done anything
If you're still plagued by the chord
you can bring things to an end with:
END
or, more elegantly, with:
FDR mmil'l TD 3i
SOUND CHI!NNEL,l,B,fl:
NEIT CHANNEL
which switches off e
turn. Table I sv
Program I
it plays lor is
to 5(3 produc
While the
!• REM PflIK
RM I
la SOUHB 1
3a SOtMB 1
n.it.t
** vumt, I
,a,u,t
S« FOR nit
v:l TO SUlNEXT ML«Y
Try Chan
variables in
parameterH. So fai
adding up to 3)
I. When the loop
e values of the loop
latl
ig the
range ■
ch not
18 + 8+8+3),
playing notes wit
jrs that total over 3;
in happen. You hau
Program II has us entering
world of music hy playing the sc;
C, If you don't understand wl-
scale is, don't worry too much,
:s played and I -
you'll
It the
le SOUND rising by a
'sjust a delay
is still going,
working its way
ound the
loop, the
known as th
Channel
oitch
di5tGrtiar<
VdluH
Mo 3
» to 255
t to It
(in 2'Bl
t to 1!
rst note played is
121), the scale
:ale of C lor, mc
pncH
NOI£
PAflANETER
2?
31
Al
3!
35
El
37
»
48
12
47
nCTSVE 1
Dl
51
53
CI
57
it
At
72
61
7i
QCT/IVE 2
n
M
192
iia
CI
Al
111
121
128
m
144
"-
Gt
153
li2
Fl
173
192
1«
■ OCTAVE 3
Dt ,
2B4
217
Ct
238
243
it MH PROERM II
is FM eELUVzl 10 SMiiEX
M Miiiiin,m,i,,i
I BCLftV
J5 FOR KL«:I TO HI, NEK
M 5auii» ■.»,»,«
45 FOR BEL«»:l T8 SOOiNEX
BEI.ftV
S5 FOR DELftV=I TO saB:NEX
6i 5BU» i,«.i«,»
MLM
6S FOB BELftYil TO 5*B:NEK
70 5DUM) B,72,10,0
BELftV
7S FOR BELftV^l TO 5B«:NEK
BR SOUM R.S^.IB.S
OELft*
IS FOR DEL*Y=1 ro SBBINEXT
» 50UNB 8,00,10,0
BELIIV
»s FOR oEmvii TO loaaiHEx
BELA*
delay lODps, There's one after every
SOUND command, each one deter-
mining how long the note Is going to
The n.
II the 1
plavs jnt
loop IS Imished, then the program
goes on to the nejit SOUND and its
delay loop and so on.
Apart from the final delav loop.
The)
!s for a ;
IS REH PROGRBH IH
ze S
i, 121, 10
zs ania iBai
30 souNB a,its,it,a
IS GBSUB ItBB
*t SOURD B,H,1B,B
45 GOSUB IBBB
M lOSRB lOBO
70 SOtOH B,7I,1B,B
75 tOSUB IBBt
OB SBIMB B,M,1B,S
05 SBSUB IHt
N 50IIRD t, BO, IB, a
K FBR BELAr=l TS 1BBB:HXT
MBB FOR BELav^l TO SBOiiEXT
BELAV
IBIB RETURN
sing
delay loop, apart fraj
. has been replaced by on'
loop. This is coded in ,
aroutine at line 1000,
Now, when the SOUND com
GOSUBs 1000 to produce the dele-
If s not great programming, but if:
a lot neater than Program II,
Incidentally, the END of line IOC
isn't there to stop the notes. Thesi
will end after the final delay loof
finishes.
The purpose of the END is tc
causing problems. Try leaving it ou1
Despite the use of GOSU
delay loops. Program III still le
lot to be desired.
Do we really need all
SOUND statements, one aft
other? After all, apart from thi
parameter changing, they are
Wouldn"l it be better to u;
one in a FOR .. , NEXT loop, r(
DATA stater
in lines 30 to 60 cycles 13
round, the READ of
40 lakes a value from the DATA
' ne 2010 and stores it
in the variable P/rCH.
Une 50 produces a note using
PITCH while the GOSUB of line 60
loop into play
Looked a
iiCfllly. t .
isof 13notBs.fo^n■
^ prograi
m a pilch gapoj
fort
la REM PBouan iv
za BELAV^lOBO
30 FOR sEfaroHE^i to ii
48 KU PITCH
sa SOURS 3, PITCH, IB, a
H £OSilB DELAV
78 BEXT SEHtTOHE
08 ERR
IBBB REH BEL8V LOOP
IBtB FBR M.OU:l TO saaiNEXT SLOH
lOiB RTTIHIH
zaaa rem pitch rata
2018 BATA 88,57,51,50,47,45,41,
4B,J7,I5,K,I1,2»
— Sounds
IhBthBory-justlis
pitch paramelHr E
parameter ol 29,
DATA
Table II ani
18 REH FRDERA
29 VELAV-XMB
•
It FOR laME-l
TO
4* BEU PITCH
54 50UNII 3, PITCH, 18, S
G4 Unue BELA
71 KEHT lUHE
leSB HEN BE! A
LOOP
laie FOB HOH
I TO 5*0: NEXT
SLOH
l«2e RETURN
Z«Se REM PIIC
BftTft
»1,1W
in ihe DATA line.
B length. There's no
ubroutine to produce
aV loops of differs I
ihers, Infact theva'
langing tl
id of going from
ss previously, it goes from 1 to
limes a variable LENGTH. As
value of LENGTH cliangBS, so wil
number o( limes the loop cvdes
If LENGTH is 2 then the loop
cycle from 1 lo 200. Ifil
II go fr
1000,
LENGTH of each note. :
data In Jine2010hasbe
supply bolh the pitch a
In this case the fiftbar
hai/a a LENGTH of 10 v
have a LENGTH of 5,
latt RETURN
210* REH PITCH/LENGTH DATA
Zlll MM 1Z1,5,1IS,5,1Z1,S,1M,
S, 72, 18, U, 10, 01, 5, 121, 5
Western note
One thing about Program VI is that
it's slow. Program VII shows how to
variable TEMPO.
Again, we've tampered with the
delay loop in line 1010, Now it cycles
from 1 to TEMPO*LENGTH.
Before we always had a value of
1 00. Now this has baen replaced with
TEMPO which was given the value 50
in line 20, Asa result, the delay loop Is
shorter and the tune is played more
Notice that the effect of altering
TEMPO is the same on every note of
the tune. Each one plays for exactly
!• REH PRDCRIK VII
2» »ELaV=IOn:TEM>0:SH
IB FOR TUNE-J TO a
58 iOUIB J, PITCH, 10, a
60 GDSUB KLAV
78 NEXT TIME
at END
lOOi REH RELOV LOOP
1010 FOR 5L0ltl TS TEM>im.CNGIH:
NEXT SLSH
M2« RETURN
2100 REH PITCH/LENGTH RATA
2110 BATA 121, 5, 108, G, 121, S, ISO.
5,72,10,M,»,B1,S,121,S
as long as it did before.
SOUND command. As I think you'll
agree, it's not all that difficult to use if
you take it step-by-step.
Now it's up to you. Program VII
may wish to play. All you have to do is
/ WOULD
/*e
aoor
r^Clth
in
p,.s.
Bnicll Iha
Ith
Ijqhl
Basic
ou
ndan
whole po:
first sight.
Mv ap
Th
%%r.
t Z"
m
T™
miusf.cs.
PB
BARGAIN SOFTWARE
For tha Atari Computers
(400, 600XL, 800, 800XL)
BLACKJACK (16li|,Fi
PICTUnE PUZZLE 132k). Walch Ihs nicture
PICTURETORMENTliekmeTjclurels'sD
FRUIT SALAD deii
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B- ii ii
Siri...... 1 i
is:as=s!i.... ass gsasi
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116 EDLESTON ROAD, CREWE,' 1
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1ST ON MERSEYSIDE FOR ATARI
IN Frc
joystick tc
trying tc
tlia game i
control a frog which is
He. The object of
to get five frogs safely
......
'" '""
» KH»
gy -...L DO..
»* .
i> >IN PS(
B1,L1S(M1,L
i,„, „;„„
i'Ei
MH>H:« the
llSl!>l,YSH»l,
i,iz.5:5EicH0t i.ii.e
•r^!!-E
n;u=si:j=i
H:Iii:ii:r;ii:
=7!l'llllE 7!
THE isa
1» MtU-<
w$Il»l;1>!l
38 L1S=-
T» l*:KM
:cii;;,a..»s
r»r
''"'■"■'"
"■"-'"''"'
7» F0» 0=1
V):NEXI S
9S BAia 32
m Zft:RE»
:Tl$tl),<ll=CHIS
» FIM 0=1
,...:„.
:I»ia,l»=CHRS
e An r>i tier »
■ IF CROli a» CI
« Til=Tiiiz,iBi;riS(!e,i8i=iiSii,
« I!S=T2SlZ.Iil:m(l«,i«:llSll,
To venture
forth with
graphics or
notjthat
is the
question...
HAVING looked last month at the
:, this month
adventuring fralernily, a
Adventuring ^ —
a due nl lire -I ike ther
The sequence si
that from the devel
large
•eofth
■■Questprabe" ;
The charaoli
t-onlv, the home fully [eproduce
which emerged book origins,
I of graphics 1o accept someth
(ram two factors. with his own ie
■ings
that the software producers see the
mproving the appeal, and therefore
it more appealing to the arcade-gami
freaks for whom adventures wen
classified under "D" for Dull I
Now this adventurer is a confirmei
in that light.
Test, as anyone who has played ar
mote illuminating than some state
of-the-art graphics.
That is not to say thai there are m
good graphic adventures
The recent Adventure Interna
Now lock up the
Filthy Fifteen
IF you like adventures you like
Eolving puzxias, so here's one to
bend your brain cells around.
in ever be together
Id they sleep three
disposal, to keep th
Micro
Scope
THIS month we look
at a progTam which
gives vou 3n
"etc he-sketch"
facility. Move the
jovstick to drew and
press the ioystick
button to clear the
ise
llinXmVEI2«I.YnDVEIZB)
COLOR l:MICOLOR i.Z.B
12%
&RAPHIC5 7^16
13fl
1<:8B:¥:«I
U9
1S4
KHOUEEfil:!
yHWEl6)--l
168
)umzni=i
VHBVEt?)-*
178
XN0UE(9l:-
iVMWEtW:!
18(1
1)6
KNOVEUD-
I;VM0»I£<111;8
288
ttmnidZi-
:rHOVE{lI)=l
218
HHOVEUll-
iYHOVEtUl:-!
228
KMOVEIISJ-
:YH0UEUS1:8
ZI8
50ui» e,*.
,8
IF SIRISW
-8 TIEN GRAPHICS 7*16
2Sfl
SrSTICXItI
Its
l(;K*KN0WE<51iY:V»yH0WEC5J |
278
TRAP 38B
2M
PLOT >I,Y
]M
XZII-XKIUE CSl : VTV-VmiUE C5) |
III
FOR VOLUME
328 SBUM «,1I6.1«,VSLUHE ]
3J8
FOR BELftV:
TO 18;NEKT »ELftY
ZU
NEXT VOLUIC
35*
GOTO 238
100
Sets up I
110 Sats up the colour informalion.
120 Selacts tA/hole-screen mode 7,
130-220 Initialise variables and set up the move-
ments corresponding to the different Joystick
Turns off the sound.
240
pressed.
(Brealsor Reset) in o
loop and stop execul
plotted positioi
performed in lii
310-340 Make a noise
0,
inify th!
by trying to gi
< to the las
calculatior
ONE of the many Basic com-
mands which is taken for granted
is RND. Simple in use, it conceals
some very clever goings On in the
heart of your Atari.
Wlien RND " - - -
RaNDom
thoughts
KEVIN EDWARDS considers
RND — the Basic command
wiiich can produce some
unexpected results
the RNDdl is multiplied by option usually being taken bee
■n 53770 (SD20A in
drawback of PEEKing
5eB(l=I3FFfl
4881 Ht 14
rmiot LQV M
4)12 m FS 3F
Hi LM leed.y
mi it Ffl 3f
ADC iui*2
4lfle 4D F; 3F
EOR 6Hd*l
4886 K 84
LDI 14
4111) 2i FA 3F
Hlin flOL s«(!t2
4811 SD Fa 3F
EDA seed. I
4111 F9 FB 3F
SBC SEBd.y
481 i FD Fa 3F
SBC seed. I
4119 lA
ASL A
48111 7E Fa !F
ROR seed, I
(im CA
DEK
4eiE 19 ED
BPL iQiin
4121 as
DEY
4821 D4 DF
m ,02
»2Z iB
PLA
4824 a
RTS
.isling I: Random number
rnbers in the range lo 255.
s PEEKing method lo generate a
Random
way of doing this.
I ^^bbb*"^ . ■■■o*^r
'■" ^^^_^ r-'rr
Anywav, PEEKing ready-bui
ing. It's more of a challenge to writ
^L , \^f_^..,yz^
' / /
The next program we'll look at is
*\\ ^j
^ -^ .. / /
machine code equivalent to PEEKin
location 53770, Tal(e a look at Listin
i. Tiiis is the source listing of th
X. ,-.
-^""^ ^"v
Those of you with last month
— '•^—y"'^
Hexer. The code should be entered a
byte printed may look very random.
In Program 1 line 40 seeds all the
location S4000 ( 1 6384), Remembe
but in fact the numbers are Identical
bytes with the value 20.
all you enter is the hejcadedmal bytes each time you RUN the program.
at the right of the memory locations
Write down the first few bytes
change the seeds by altering the
If you are one of the unfortunate generated by the new routine and
contents of locations S3FF8 to
people who do not have Hexer type i
compare Ihem with the numbers
S3FFC,
Program 1,
printed when the program is re-run if
If you change the seed number in
you don't believe me.
line 40 from 20 to 30 and RUN the
execute option to test the routine. The What we have done is to generate
program, the number sequence will
be different. In fact, if you delete the
e.ecution address is S4000. Whe
pseudo-random numbers. By this 1
the routine has finished five randon
mean the sequence of numbers
line which seeds the random number
bytes will have been stored i
printed repeats itself each time the
memory starting at location $3FF
routine is executed, but individual
bytes each time you RUN the
(16376). Use the e:<amine option to numbers appear to have no relation to
program, since your "new" seeds are
what's left over from the last time it
If you've typed in Program 1 an
If the numbers printed had been
HUN it the random numbers will b
1,2,4,8,16,32 we would reject them
The Atari computers are very
automatically - we could easily
intelligent because they always
predict what the next number is, 64,
generate true random numbers. It you
and could therefore say the numbers
use a friend's micro, such as a BBC,
and you turn It off then on and enter
are not random.
the command:
p5eudo-random numbers is very
n REN av levin Edwrds
awkward. What we have to do is
PfilNT RNDdl
perform several operations on a
you'll always get the same number.
1« FOR L=l«76 ID IfilHlPDIE l,!l!
series of numbers to produce another
This is because it always seeds the
set of numbers (random) so that both
random number generator with the
sets bear no obvious relation to each
other.
1 hope this has thrown some tight
7» NEKT L
There is, of course, a relationship
on random numbers for you. I'm sure
" f« u"""
complex that it cannot be readily
you'll agree that working through
random numbers routines can be a lot
calculated from a list of numbers
of fun. It's always interesting to see
J" "™^ '-
generated by the routine.
how each routines differ.
To produce different sequences of
Why not try writing one yourself?
random numbers you can seed the
Be careful though, you often find your
random number generator with dif-
generator has a bias in it. For
ferent values before calling the
example, some routines seem to picl^
17fl MIA 2«i,6J i»'m !46 63MI IE
routine.
a lot of Os and 255s,
Seeding means setting up the
Has anyone out there come up
initial values of the set of numbers
with a program to test how random a
used by the routine. Changing these
initial numbers causes the sequence
particular generator is? If so - or if
you've got any "random contribution "
Program 1
of numbers generated to be different.
to malse- we'd love to hear from you.
J„„B,^m„SE,„
Second in DAVE RUSSELL's series on the Atari's graphics modes
LAST month wo looked at
Graphics Mode 0, the text mode
that appears when you switch on
your micro. This month we'll take
a look at two other text modes,
Graphics 1 and Graphics 2.
some difterences between Modes 1
and 2, but they're Bimilar enough lor
us to consider them together.
You may recall that the Mode
screen was like a piece of graph paper
TAKE A LOOK
AT MODES
d 24 ri
J imagini
nllarto Mode 1.
: mote accurate, the Mode 1
s of Mode columns stuck
The conceptual n
simply requires you
Mode 1 'fat" rows ;
pairs. This gives a
l)V typing GRAPHICS 1
Return.
Assuming you were
before you did Ihis, yoi
nd typed LIST naw, the listing
It's not very useful being a
3ad only four lines of a progra
ime, which is why program v
nd debugging tends to get d^
_i ,-_-_-
3:
--g--^
iiiiii
lillTf
1. When you Run i
up on the bottom
the cursor will end
line.
a BWHICS 1
31 PRIKI "H»E 1 TEKT HHIHV
ffl
inly the output from line 40 visible,
empted to ask vi'hat use the text
scroll out of the
41 PRINT "THIS IJ M EXTM LIIE"
When yoL Run the program now.
Graphics | —
1* OIM ftSCl)
ze GRAPHICS 1
le PBIHT "MOE 1 TEXT UIMftOH"
«• PRINT "THIS 15 M EXTRA LIRC"
St PRINT "PRESS RETURR"
SB INPUT AS
line, just after a que
The reason the tt
because the prograi
Our use of PBItMT# 6 fallowed bv
upper C3SB letters meant that register
was selected and this register
defaults to orange.
IB ewiPHCS 1
2« roR tt:i n s
3i FOR fcfl TO IS
41 POSITION 5,5
51 SEICBLOR B,S,S
SO PRINT Hti"ATftflI USER"
7B FOR DELBV-l TO IBtiNEX
80 NEXT B
10 NEXT A
colour by altering register 0,
Line 50 performs the alteration
and the loop set up by line 30 cvcles
through all the available colours.
programming, but i
one possible use of
Vou can print e
A Mode 1 : A five
colour mode with
just lialf the
character set
available ^
selects register 3 and so the me
should haue appeared in red.
For enemple, with a clear Mode 1
screen (which you can get by pressing
Reset and typing GR.1), type COLOR
65:PLOT 5,5 and press Return.
The slightly confusing aspect of
this method is that the COLOR
Mode 1.
If you Run this program youl
ur name in lights. Note the or
aloui of the letters.
IB GRAPHICS 1
20 POStllOR 5,5
10 PRINT tK;"AT*RI USER"
SETCOLOUR
background c
Now, type in line 30 again, only
cl of changing t
s register 4, the
orange A at screen posi
Vou can still use SE
Ihflt you plot. If you Chan
Program IV to read:
60 COLOR 65:PtO
and delete line 40 (bee
needed), you can see
30 PRINT ne;";it*ri user"
The SETCOLOR command is tht
key to changing the other registers
from their default values. You can set
the effect of this by entering Listing i\
might need to use COLOR, so
am V shows how to produce a
iar result with line 30 READing
— Graphics
can use the method selBctivelv to
produce a mixed colour display.
U SMPHIC-i 1
^ Mode 2 characters
are twice as high
» REM K
For example, relyps line 40 as it
4B COLO» X
alter line 70 to read:
as those
e« NEXT A
78 MIft S7,M,>7,82,1I5,0,»5,U5,
of Mode 1 ^
line 70, you'll notice that We addad
»,« ' ' ' ' - -
the character DATA from
ine 70.
32 to some of the values, causing
green while the remainder are still
printed ih orange.
high as those of Mode 1 .
This in turn means that the
command POSITION 5,5 will refer to
a different point on the TV screen
depending on whether Mode 1 or
quite as straightforward
OR/PLOT as it is with PR
mth COL-
NT* 6. I'l
d with the
missing half of the charac
at all. That's because everytiiing I've
said about Mode 1 applies lo Mode 2.
Mode 2 is in use.
Mode 1 and 2 also differ in terms
If you change the GRAPHICS 1 in
of the amount of memory they require
you can do, change 1
Program V to read:
ns 40
all the programs to read GRAPHICS
2, you'll get very nearly the same
results.
- Mode 2 needs less than Mode 1 -
The programs we'll use won't be
40 COLOR mil
The only differences will be the
size of the text and its position on the
long enough to worry about memory
considerations!
• Next month we'll look at how to
As 1 said earlier. Mode 2 rows are
access the missing half of the
to all the
character set and how to select a
numbers in the DATA Stat
so iWlode 2 characters are twice as
colour register with COLOR/PLOT.
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Well spattedl Vdu rnus
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Finally, .
wrong
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Alari-davolBd user groups. I pa„ I ,,»«
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an Atari 300.
playing games.
Atailbgg |-
USB Ihem on mv 900? -Brian U'.^U !» «.!.» ^^^HI^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^H
Fsrgut>son,VVirral,Maniev- Hign 111 1116 ^
•"igoodn..siM.a ..e DroD zonc Check -sum routine
paddles and loystlckb ara
coffiBaliblB with all Alari CONGRATULATIONS on a I AM pleased lo sav Itist I h^^e HDOriDfl
computers so you can buy g,gg, „g„ magaiine. Your purchased my first copy ol IICCUCU
The nol-BQ-good news is
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its no good your buying any of
too tough, w'lb software being
ing! No more, please, or it will
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standards, it will be. 1 feel sure,
We're still pondering on the
Crashing
your magazine are high score
the number one magazine for
question of a check-sum
routine, Liks most things in
the buffers
l/Vlyhigh score on OropZone is
have gone oyer it several times
help on Lords of Time.l
For B«amplB, It could be
/ agree viith you ll!al Alphabet
complaint. 1 can find none.
arguBd that they confuse the
Train lAiarl User, May, page
321 Is a deiiglitful liiite
'whirTnTl7h'e''r 'mTailne
Excellent, please keep II up.
peoplB who nead tham most
practice at de-bugging.
printed and it works line as
software for every letter and
some kind of code listing typo.
On the other hand, a good
long as you don'l try to go
Please keep your magazine
/n™aff8°/n'^s ™^n(//rA« /"
5 am e ^ t h^ e^V^c e" yo IJ ^v e
aipliabel. /f you ley to move the
the same sort of format. Ail too
a great help to the many, many
welcome readBi's opinions on
ruined by naff ideas. - D.
possible for you to do? - Las
this while we're pondenng.
"'itl,,.m.,.,. ,..,.,.
listing? i hope It's not de-
liaven't, so why should you?)
liberate because it spoils an
The only way wb could gel a
With DOS 2 booted, you
otherwise areat aame. but mv
can load the file from cassette
Uxbridge, Middlsaex. The problem with high n maj . the transfer without going \
r"?,;r-S>';i. E'-^HrSiS There are two! ^^'iBHH.
inely obtained - although
a 1050 dl
,1 operators in "'"^i;^^, ^^ tips' 0- adven- T^^OOsT '""""^ " "" ThJS Chjp JS
rsome^parlr' ATen^u'rinr^S.^so'do /y^y o|s^3 r^'^r Lt-W^^^^aAe QH QUr mCnU
500andE10a. f ^^,',^1^,^ q^.^Ji-^^and' we'^ Zte. b'utZe'lV,"wpTo''ut I FOUND Mike Cook's artic,
thai doesn't spoil the " ' "'''e a program and on the 6502 chip ver
■ for other people. save it on a disc, hovycanlgive interesting and informative.
tried similar things and ~ Wayxa Exiay, Burgasa in the new ST machines? I'l
:ly dropped the idea l^'"' Suaaei. sure many of your readei
ise the cost gets too high. • Thsre ara two ways to wouW find it inlerasting I
rather keep the cover transfer files from DOS 3 to weWss me.-Frank Robbini
competitive. DOS 2 The easiest is to load Milton Keynsa, Bucka.
Iha program works fine articles and programs pub- save it to oasBette, switch the has already writiah such 3
lesn'I allow the usar to llshed. You v^on't gel rich microoffandthen rebootfnim article? It should appear
HI s-sncKdi
t'tiiUlb
4>i IF {S-7 ON
;>7) AND X
>t THEN I'l-li
I1R=-Ii PO
KE 7M,2:3
III IF (S'll
(=ii m
KIW THEN ]CI
U m'\:
POK 7M,ZS!
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