ZXir QLive Alive

JSttH Mtbe With ffir . TO|et

Wf ite Alt w /

Voluunrxe; 12 No. 4

TaTintoJ^ 2003

MEMORY MAP

ADDRESS ROUTINES

2 Message te Members

3 Input/Output — byAbedKahale

Files

Obscure Commands — Edwin Krampitz
E-Mail list

Cassette Load Aid — Don Lambert

6
8
9

ADDRESS

11

12
13
20

Files

LarKen Cartridge schematic
4 Times Screen
Z88 Source Book Final
Unclassified Ads

ZXir QLive Alive!
Established 1991 The Timex/Sinclair NorthAmerican User Groups Newsletter

T/SNUG Information

We wish to support the following
platforms: ZX-80/81, TS-1000,
Spectrum, TS-2068, Z88 and QL, If
you have any questions about any of
these fine Sinclairs, contact the;

Chairman

Donald S. Lambert

8 Guiuiar Ln.

Forsyth, IL 62535
(217) 875-8043
dslambert@emaiLmsn. com

Vice-Chairmen

Tape & JLO PD Library

Luke Perry
3409 NE 62nd Ave. #187
Vancouver, WA 98661

Library

Dave Bennett (HATSUG)
1275 Timber View Dr.
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055-9146
717 732-4374
dave975@att.net

QL Hacker's Journal

Timothy Swenson
2455 Medallion Dr.
Union City, CA 94587-1914

Rod Humphreys (VSUG)
10984 Collins PL
Delta, BC V4C 7E6 Canada
604 583-2819

QL PD Library

John Donaldson (CATUG)

835 Foxwood Cir.
Geneva IL 60134-1631
630 232-6147
goodolejohn@avenew.com

AERCO & Z80 Emulator
Keith Watson
41634 Amberly Dr.
Mt. Clemens, MI 48038

Bob Swoger (CATUG)
613 Parkside Cir.
Streamwood, IL 60107-1647
630 837-7957
Rswoger@aoi.com

T/SNUG's main goal is to preserve and encourage the use of Sinclair
computers by providing an open forum for the exchange of knowledge,
building and maintaining of software libraries. Providing vendors and

members with free ad space.

Article Contributions

Send in vour articles and inputs by disk, hardcopy mail, or e-mail to:

ABED KAHALE
432 WEST OAKS TRL
WOODSTOCK GA 30188-7358
E-mail:

WebPa

ges

i

http://www.timexsinclair.org
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ts2068/
ql-users@nvg.ntnu. no
ql-users@quanta.org.uk
www.geocities.com/NESQLUG1/
http://users.aol.com/ciubbbs/tsnug/

Message tc Members

manual ^

med efe t& /m^^m jmul i&Mte& Jm/tfwifr mmtcm^. I

Please do not send any more contributions

ZXir QLive Alive!

2

Winter 2003

Input/Output

Hi Abed,

How are you? Looks like we all survived the
tire season. We had one about 12 miles northwest
and another about 30 miles west of us. The big one
(500,000 acres) was quite a ways from us but still
was scary Very smokey times. 1 know there was a
big one in Arizona too.

I have just recovered from my second computer
crash in the last 15 months. Took me a while for this
one as I have been so busy at work. This year I ad-
ministered 8 construction projects (5 road and 3
bridges), two of which were night projects. For a
while I was going 24 hours a day it seemed like.

Actually this is the first email I've sent to anyone
since early Spring. I probably will not be checking
email much until at least November due to my still
heavy workload. Take care,

Jack Boatwright
j boatno4jgloutlawnet.com

I have read some literature on the subject, but
there are still some contusing areas.
Would the TS2068 allow me to play UK spectrum
tapes (provided I have the ROM cart, that is) ?
If so. is there a specific tape player for the system ?
Would there be any PAL/NTSC incompatibilities ?

Is there a way I can find the system & the ROM
cart somewhere ? Any help locating them would be
great. What exactly is the Timex 1000 ? Does it play
spectrum tapes ?

Many thanks for any help you can provide,

Loic Daneels

loicn es@yaho o.com

Hello Loic. .

If you have a T/S 2068 with a properly fitted ZX
Spectrum emulator ROM you should be able to play
95% of the games and other programs from Britain as
they come off the tape.

' The video output for the T/S 2068 is NTSC. If
you can hook it up to an NTSC television you should
be ok. (I have no idea which country you are in so if
the TVs there are on some other system you will have
to find some sort of adaptor or replace the modulator
in the T/S 2068). You could also build yourself an
RGB interface and use an RGB monitor. There is
also an output for a composite monitors. Some peo-
ple, including myself have used the monitor output
run through the camera input of their VCRs to get
output to the television.

The T/S 1000 is the same machine as the ZX-81
except it has about 2Kb of added memory. It is

ZXir QLive Alive! ~3

strictly black and white with a almost no-existent
graphic abilities. No, it does not play ZX Spectrum
tapes. In fact it often has problems playing its own
tapes. Hope this helps,

David Solly

I always wanted to put together an archive of
TS2068 files/programs, but my attempts have all to
often been thwarted by real life. If someone is will-
ing to convert the programs over to TAP files I can
provide a server where all of these can be
downloaded from.

The idea would be to keep a just TS2068* ar-
chive and not bunch it up with Speccy stuff. I imag-
ine there aren't that many different things to fill the
archive with. Probably a CD full at most.
Louis Florit

Yes Louis, that is a good idea. I do not think
that there is any TS2068 specific files on the net, at
least I have not run into any. I have a boatload of old
TS2068 programs, some good some bad, that I would
make available for such a project, about half are on
tape and the other half on Oliger disk(s). I have not
experimented on how to convert tape files to either
the TAP format or TZX format, but I am sure there is
not much to it. I have been using the "Taper" utility
lately, but run into some problems between it and my
soundcard. It could be just a compatibility issue as it
is a cheap onboard soundcard.

If anyone is serious about this project I say lets
go for it. It would be a great way to distribute the old
programs and for them to see the light of day again.

Luke Perry

1 am wondering if anyone here has had any suc-
cess in using CDs as a mass storage device for Timex
Sinclair 2068 programs using any of the following
methods:

1. Tape direct copy to CD

2. T/S 2068 tape output to CD

3. Warajevo or Z80 (i.e. Lunter emulator) tape out-
put to CD

4. Warajevo or Z80 (i.e. Lunter emulator) audio file
to CD

5. Emulator *.TAP, *.MDR or similar non-audio
file formats.

6. Other methods!

I would think that methods 1 and 2 - if they work,
would be the best way to make files that everyone
could share. Anyone have any other ideas? Thank
you.

David Solly

Winter 2003

If you're intent on distributing CDs, maybe. But
TAP makes a lot more sense for most purposes. As
for creating that CD - it should be done by taking a
TAP file and converting it to a WAV, then burning
that to a CD, with no analog hardware intervening.
That will give the most accurate reproduction.

Using a CD full of TAP files, instead, of course
implies a second, more modem computer running
something to serv e them up as audio; but I doubt that
would be a problem for most people. You could even
include the necessary software on the CD.

Now', if you've only got a standalone audio CD
recorder, then yeah, you could probably hook that up
to the 2068 and get a better recording than with tape.
Personally, I wouldn't touch the old tape interface
unless tbrced. 1 go LarKen Disk drive <-> old XT
with 5.25" <-> LAN <-> modem PC. >)
William McBrine

wmcbrineiffjtelo ci ty . com

Rod & Abed , " ' "

I am currently selling off my excess 2068 stuff on
eBay. There is still a lot of interest out there. Does
T/SNUG still have a tape and or disk library- ? I was
thinking of referring people to ZXir QLive Alive! as
a source of information and new members. What do
you think?

LesCottrell

Let me clarify - I'm not selling all my stuff. I
will always keep my main 2068 LarKen system, but I
no longer need to have 5 2068's and several LarKen
systems. I was wondering where to refer these folks
to. Does anyone still maintain a tape library?
And if anyone has a little white zx80, 1 got over $330
for a ratty looking one on eBay!

Now that I am retired and on limited income I
am trying to prepare for a good Christmas at our
house. :-)

Les Cottrell

xAibed,

I want to most sincerely add my appreciation to
that I'm sure you have received from others for your
dedicated efforts in serving us Sinclair fanatics.
Good job, well done! As someone who has put out
various newsletters myself for over 40 years I know 7
there come times when "the well runs drv" and one
must move on. I just want to say thank you for being
there for us.

I was contacted a few days ago by the adminis-
trator of Kenton Garrett's estate and he said they had
so many things of his to sort through — like manifold
time-capsules of his life — that they had not yet got-
ten to a listing and appraisal of his numerous Sinclair
items, hardware, and software. Part of their problem
too is that none of them have that much knowledge
about Sinclair and T/S computing so they may not

always know what they are looking at. I told him
possibly if they made a list of all items and offered
them as a package they might be of more interest and
value to prospective collectors/ purchasers.

If they do offer such a listing of items or pack-
age of items for sale, w r ould you have any sugges-
tions I could forward to them as to person(s) who
might be interested in being contacted by them? If
so, I would be glad to forward that information and
try to get them in touch with each other.
With best regards.

Bob Hartung

r evrdlitp@netscape.n et

Hi Abed,

To answer your question most if not all of the
TS2068 software I have is in Oliger format so unless
someone had the Oliger drive setup it would be of no
use. I do have a lot of stuff on cassette but that
would obviously mean making duplicates and that is
a lot of work and to be honest I do not know if many
people are still using their tape drives to load soft-
ware anymore?

But I am always willing to help someone look-
ing for something specific so you can pass along my
email for any requests. I have not pulled out most of
my stuff since my move but this would give me an
excuse to.

I am also copying Les on this email.
Luke Perry

do idy34(g),yah oo .com

I just acquired a Sinclair 2068 and wondered if
any of the software on tape or cartridges for other
Sinclair computers like the 1000 would work on the
2086. Thanks

Jim Ditton

You mentioned the program "UPLOAD2000"
which I also used. I did have some minor problems
with it initially, but found it verv useful for convert-
ing some of my Timex 1000 BASIC programs to
TS/TC 2068 compatibility (of course it could not
convert machine code). I wonder if you were using
the wave shaper device that was supposed to be
plugged in on the earphone side of the cassette re-
corder when using the UPLOAD2000 program. I
suspect it was to make the wave shape more square
or cleaner. Anyway, I did like the program and it
eliminated a lot of duplicate typing.

Concerning running Spectrum programs on the
TS 2068, 1 used the Spectrum emulator that was sold
by Zebra and found it great for running all of my
Spectrum software. There was another emulator that
I purchased but don't remember the name of it. It
plugged into the bus on the back of the computer and
had a switch to change between Spectrum and 2068
modes. I didn't use it because I couldn't get my

ZXir QLive Alive!

4

Winter 2003

Spectrum Micro Drives to work with it and the
twister board at the same time.

A fellow named Jack Dohany who supplied
software and some hardware for Timex users sent me
his version of the Spectrum emulator and it was per-
fect for me. The Spectrum ROM or Timex ROM was
enabled with a very small switch located on the back
or side of the computer. The Spectrum ROM was
wired with pull-up resisters that were used in some if
not all Spectrum computers. These pull-up resisters
were actually required for some Spectrum programs
to work correctly. If the same programs were ran on
computers without the pull-up resisters. the programs
would fail.

For those users that had the AERCO Floppy disk
interface, it was possible to copy the Spectrum ROM
into the first 16K of DOCK bank memorv and run
most of the Spectrum software without actually hav-
ing the Spectrum emulator installed. Unfortunately,
the AERCO floppy disk drives could no longer be
used unless the Spectrum and AERCO ROM code
were modified to work with the AERCO disk inter-
face, which I did and spent considerable time and
effort doing. However, you could still load and save
tape programs with the RAM resident Spectrum
code.

Keith Watson

keithwatson@netzero.net

Hi Abed,

Wasn't a heart attack but pending I guess. 10 30
2002 had a 5 bypass operation on my heart and now
recuperating. Not much I can do what with having
to keep legs elevated for a while to keep the swell-
ing down. Doctors say I am doing fine. But it sure
seems recovery is so slow. Thought I'd let you know.

Don Lambert
dslambert@emaiimsn .com

Hello,"

There are several items listed in the 'For Sale'
section of your website that I am interested in buying.
Do I have to be a member of the group in order to
purchase these items, and - if so - are member prices
lower?

I'm unclear on what the 'To Landfill' section
means - are you disposing of these items completely,
or will they be kept for later sale? Thanks,
Callum Davidson

callumdavidson@hotmail.com

Dear Callum,

This Items you see at the T/ SNUG site are pres-
ently kept in two locations, one in Iowa, the other in
Oregon. These items are for sale for the cost of ship-
ping and handling only. Again, the purpose of this
venture is to keep these items in the hands of those
that are interested and "out of the land fills"!

I would request that you ask Abed Kahale to add
your name to the list of known Sinclair users that you
might be kept on out e-mail list.

Next, contact Jay Shepard in Iowa to be sure he
has in stock the item that you want. He will then re-
ply with either the cost of the shipping and handling
price or direct you to the Jack Boatwright in Oregon.
Best Wishes,

— =GATOR== —

Robert E. Swoger - K9WVY

Callum,

By clicking on the SINCLAIR Logo located on
the T/SNUG home page, you will see the list of items
sent to our two storage locations. The TS-2068 and
QL items went to Jay Shepard who has replied to
your email. The ZX81/TS-1000 items went to Jack
Boatwright, the supply of which I now understand, is
depleted.

Use the list of items you see at the T/SNUG
homepage as a help to order from Jay Shepard. Give
him the name of the items rather than the Item num-
bers and ignore the prices as he only requires ship-
ping and handling which he will give you when you
are specific as to what you require.
I hope this clears things up for you. Thanks.
— — GATOR= —

Hello Everyone....

I am wondering if anyone here has had any suc-
cess in using CDs as a mass storage device for Timex
Sinlair 2068 programs using any of the following
methods :

1. Tape direct copy to CD

2. T/S 2068 tape output to CD

3. Warajevo or Z80 (i.e. Lunter emulator) tape out-
put to CD

4. Warajevo or Z80 (i.e. Lunter emulator) audio file
to CD

5. Emulator *.TAP, *.MDR or similar non-audio
file formats.

6. Other methods

I would think that methods 1 and 2 - if they work -
would be the best way to make files that everyone
could share. Anyone have any other ideas?
Thank you.

David Solly

I would think that methods 1 and 2, if they work,
would be the best way to make files that everyone
could share.

If you're intent on distributing CDs, maybe. But
TAP makes a lot more sense for most purposes. As
for creating that CD - it should be done by taking a
TAP file and converting it to a WAV, then burning
that to a CD, with no analog hardware intervening.
That will give the most accurate reproduction.

Using a CD full of TAP files, instead, of course

ZXir QLive Alive!

5

Winter 2003

implies a second, more modern computer running
something to serve them up as audio; but I doubt that
would be a problem for most people. You could even
include the necessary software on the CD.

Now, if you've only got a standalone audio CD
recorder, then yeah, you could probably hook that up
to the 2068 and get a better recording than with tape.
Personally, I wouldn't touch the old tape interface
unless forced. I go Larken Disk drive <-> old XT
with 5.25" <-> LAN <-> modern PC. :-)

William McBrine
wmcbrine@telocity.com

Casaura n u ns ii\

Edwin Krampitz, Jr. ekrampitzjr@hotmail.com

Years ago I was involved with the defunct Hampton
Roads TSUG, and I compiled a list: of commands that
were barely or not at all mentioned in the 2068 man-
ual. To liven up things, I'll present them here.
1. PRINT #n [n = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .]

PRINT #0 and PRINT #1 use the bottom portion
of the screen where the error messages appear. Up to
22 lines are possible using AT x,y. Attributes such as
BRIGHT, OVER, and INK are not available.
PRINT #2 is the same as PRINT, using the top por-
tion of the display. All attributes are available.
PRINT #3 is the same as LPRINT and sends output
to the T/S 2040 printer.

PRINT #4 and up return an error message 0 (invalid
stream) These were probably meant for use with
future peripherals. 2. INPUT #, INPUT AT,
INPUT LINE b$

INPUT #0 inputs at the bottom portion of the screen
at line 22.

INPUT #1 inputs at line 23 and is the same as normal
INPUT.

INPUT #2 and INPUT #3 give error report J (invalid
input/output device). INPUT #4 and up give error
report 0 (invalid stream). These were probably meant
for future peripherals.

INPUT AT x,y behaves like "PRINT #1; AT x,
y" except for inputting instead of printing. To input
on the "top" (note quotes) part of the screen requires
a statement such as "INPUT AT 22,0;AT x,y; . .
This involves moving the bottom portion of the
screen to the top. Line 0 remains at the top.

INPUT LINE b$ deletes the quotation marks
that usually automatically appear when inputting a
string variable, so that only the L cursor appears, not
"L" You can then use quotation marks within a
string without having to double them— that is, keying
"" to get ".. But the keyword STOP is read as a string
in this mode, whereas in normal input mode you
could delete the surrounding quotation marks and key

ZXir QLive Alive!

the keyword STOP to stop the program.

Strings can generally be printed with the normal
INPUT statement and these commands. Example:
INPUT "How much money do you wish to bet?"; m
Quick note: to clarify a comment made in part 1, in
PRINT # (and INPUT #) statements, attributes such
as BRIGHT are available WITHIN the PRINT state-
ment but not as separate statements such as BRIGHT
1: PRINTS ...

2. CLS #

This command works on Spectrum ROMs with the
microdrive in use. Keying this on normal T/S 2068s
gives the ? cursor before the #.

Usually the 2068 BASIC is portrayed as a super-
set of the ZX Spectrum BASIC This is generally
true, but here is one exception — an example of a
Spectrum statement that cannot be used on the con-
ventional 2068. Are mere others?

3. OPEN #n,xS CLOSE #n n = 0-15; xS = "k",

These commands are related to the INPUT # and
PRINT # commands. OPEN # opens a data stream
for your use as follows:

x$ = "k" (keyboard): data prints on the bottom por-
tion of the screen

x$ = "p" (prmter): data prints on the printer

x$ = "s" (screen): data prints on the top portion of the

screen, lines 0-21

For n = 0 or 1, the normal printing position is as
for "k" INPUT normally uses these streams. For n
= 2, the normal printing position is as for "s"; LIST
and PRINT use this stream. For n = 3, the normal
printing position is as tor "p"\ LLIST and LPRINT
use this stream. COPY will not be affected if you
redefine this stream For n = 4 through 15. these
were meant for future peripherals and may be rede-
fined for your own use.

CLOSE #n returns a channel to its normal value.
What's the point? Let's say you want to conserve
printer paper. Keying OPEN #3, "s" will have all
printer output go to the screen instead. CLOSE #3
reverses this. Also, you may remember that INPUT
#2 and up and PRINT #4 and up are invalid com-
mands. OPEN can change this.

4. IN#n [n = 0-65535]

IN scans an input device and returns a value
based on the output. OUT is related but is covered in
the manual, n takes the form 256 (BIN bbbbbbbb) +
y, where b is a binary number from 00000000 to
11111111 (0-255). y is the port number of the device
being read: for the keyboard y = 254.

The keyboard is scanned by half-rows. Each
half-row has 5 keys. The base value for each scan
when reading the keyboard is 3 1, but some Spectrum
ROMs use 255 instead. The keys in each half-row

6 Winter 2003

have the values L 2, 4, 8, and 16 as you move from
the outside toward the center Each key pressed in a
row subtracts its value from this base value of 31. If
all five keys in a half-row are pressed, the value re-
turned is 0: 31-16-8-4-2-1, This chart sums it
up:

BIN# Value Keys of values Half-for n ofn

11111110 65278 cs: Z: X: C: V 1
11111101 65022 A: S: D: F: G 2
11111011 64510 Q: W: E: R: T 3
11110111 63486 1: 2: 3: 4: 5 4
11101111 61438 0: 9: 8: 7: 6 5
11011111 57342 P: O: I: U: Y 6
10111111 49150 en: L: K: J: H 7
01111111 32766 br: ss: M: N: B 8
cs = caps shift: en = enter; br = break; ss = symbol
shift Both cs keys are considered to be in the same
half-row. Here is an example of use:

FORg=l TO 100:PRINT IN 65022:" ";:PAUSE
20: NEXT g

Press various keys in half-row 2, ASDFG, as this
runs. None pressed will give 3 1 every third of a sec-
ond (note PAUSE line). Pressing A gives 30, etc.:
pressing all five keys gives 0.

IN must be used within a statement and cannot stand
alone. IN n by itself gives the ? cursor.
5. CHR$ n fn < 32]

This is more of a programming trick, but you
may not have realized that using these values is pos-
sible. Characters < 32 control various attribute and
editing functions. For example, CHR$ 8 is "cursor
left" and is a handy backspace. Try this to create the
Greek letter theta:

5 PRINT OVER 1;"0";CHR$ 8;"-"

Try this same statement with €HR$ 6, 9, and 13.

However, color attributes, CHR$ 16-20, can be
accessed directly from the keyboard without using
this statement. This is useful when printing to the
screen so that you need not use separate INK and
PAPER commands.

To change INK color: with E cursor, hold down
caps shift and press the appropriate color key. This
inserts CHR$ 16 plus the color code.

To change PAPER color: with E cursor, simply
press the appropriate color key. This inserts CHRS
17 plus the color code.

FLASH on: with E cursor, hold down caps shift
and press 9 key. FLASH off: same but 8 key instead.
These insert CHR$ 18 plus 1 for on or 0 for off.
BRIGHT on: with E cursor, simply press 9 key.
BRIGHT off: same but with 8 key: These insert
CHRS 19 plus 1 for on or 0 for off.

INVERSE and TRUE are directly labeled on the
keyboard. These insert CHR$ 20 plus 1 or 0.

When editing a programmed statement, extra

clicks when moving the cursor within die line will
tell you where such attributes have been inserted.
Though you can't directly see them, you may delete
them with the DELETE key

6. 1 in PRINT, INPUT, LPRINT statements
This trick is barely touched on in the Timex

manual. Using the apostrophe within a PRINT (etc.)
statement moves the print position to the begimiing
of the next line. No semicolons are necessary around
it. This saves using a TAB or PRINT AT x, 0 or
separate PRINT statement, and it potentially could
save a lot of memory in a long program with a lot of
output. Here's an example:
5 PRINT "Line 1'" "Line 2"

"Line 1" will print at 0,0; "Line 2" will print at
1,0. Unlike TAB the apostrophe does not print over
anything else that may already have been on line 0 in
this example.

7. BEEP abilities and limitations

Contrary to the manual, BEEP t, f (t = time from 0-10
in seconds), f— the number of semitones above/below
middle C-is not limited to 69 as the maximum value. To
the limit of the computer's precision, the limit is actually
69.84586091. Minimum value is actually -60 as the book
states. The mil 10-second range is not available for higher
f values. The T/S 2068 Technical Manual touches on this
a little. Here are some relevant charts that I compiled:
f Max. t. sec t, sec highest f

69.8458 ' 4.437 5.00067.777
69 4.654 6.00064.614

68 4.931 7 000 61.961

67 5 224 8.00059.634

66 5.5.35 9.00057.594

65 5.864 10 000 55.777

64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56

54-60

6.213
6582
6.973
7.388
7.827
8.293
8.786
9.309
9.862
10.499

Note that 10,499 seconds is the absolute maximum time

All right, gang, I'd be interested in any additions or com-
ments., Thanks for your indulgence, and maybe this will spur
some discussion.

Edwin Krampitz, Jr.

ela-a mpit zjr @hotm ail.com

Hi,

Why do you think that those are obscure commands?
They are'all (almost) reported in my TC2048 and TC2068
manual less tins one about beep (the limit being
69.84586091), but what does this matters?

Beep 1,69 is almost un-earable... You can find some
real obscure commands in mv website:
www.timex.pt.vu

Johnny Red

encarnado@netcabo.pt -

ZXir QLive Alive!

7

Winter 2003

IS i

Anderson, Paul

pandersn@peakpeak.eom

Kaczor, Jon

jazkaczor@aol.eom

Anson. Gerald

jerrva @azt ee .asu.edu

Kahale. Abed

akahale>@juno. com

Barker Robin

_

robincSdi-ren.demon.co. uk

Kealv, Harriet Joan

hikea iy@rionet . org

Bennett". Dave

dave975@att.net

Kennv. Lanv

£

larken@sronn.ca

Bill McKeivev

mckelvevwfai.delphi.com
i

Kingsiev. Ed

edk4@aol.com

Boehm, AI

aibertfooehm@i imo. com

Knvszek, Theodore

£ -

thirteenth@worldiiet . att . net

Boehm. Bill

boehm@olh.aL mil
__&

Kondrac, Mike

aikandrae@aoleom

.

iiurreii, Jeff

ibuirell.@endocardiai com

Konig, Urs

urs. koenig@aRrodala. ch

Cable, Sill

:

cablese vfoerportal .net

Kwitkowski. Phillip

*

pkwitkowski@hotmail.com

Carpio, Juan

j uanchuscar@yahoo. com

Lambert, Donald

dslamoert@emailmsa. com

Castro Antonio

castroxfaiportoweb.com .or
— _c

t ancaster, Garrv

: £

dharkhig@delphi.com

Catotti, Christopher

kd4ace@compuserve.com

I anciault. Francois

francois.lanciault@energies.alstom.ca

Chambers, George

sfchambi Sipathcom, com

.

La Verne. Meivin

mlaverne@usit. net

Collins, Bill

bcollinSiSuiome.iix.net

Lebowitz, Dave

dkl@dpliv.com

CottrelL Les

jacott re!I@efl . rr, com

Lessenberrv. Gary

gi743@aol.com

Cruz-Figueroa, Jaime

cnizfiguer@aoI.com

Liebert-Adelt, Peter

Pe1er@zx8l.de

Dausbv. Andrew

adansbv 'a atlantic.net

Liebert-Adelt, Peter

p. liebert@.t-online. de

Davidson, Callum

callumdavidson@hotmail.com

Mallow Bob

74 776 .23 42@eompuserve.com

Davis, Frank

fttavis@iquest.nei

Matthias, Jaap

mjaap@alari-com outer, de

Deihez, Carlo

r„ ..... .

cariofelspase.nl

McBrine. William

wmcbrine@telocity.com

Donaldson, John

goodolejohn@avenew. com

McKeivev, William

mckelveyw@delphi . com

Dorinson, Mark

74200.257@compuserve.com

Merz. Jochen

imerz@t-onIine.de

Dunbar, Douglas

didu11bar@Drodi2v.11el

Mikoiaiczvk. Dean

; : .

deamn 97493 @aol . com

DuPuv, James

dupuy@pipeiine.cont

Mi Her.. Seymour

seymi l@delphi . com

Encarnado, Joao

eneamado@ne!cabo . pi

Mills. Frank

effem4 l7@yalioo.com

England, William

wenglandfSiname.com

Math, Bob

bobkeeperi@aoi.cooi

Fealev, Ruth

ruth . feglev@worldnet. aft . net

, — 2 — ___

Norton. Garv

gnorton@rsacc. net

Feglev. Ruth

ruth.fealevfSworldnef .att.net

Norton, Gary

gnorton@world.std.com

Fens. AI

alfengiirjyuno.com

Parrish, Gil

gi 1. parri sfo@abanet. org

Fink, .Mike

domino.Cisbesf3iexcelsior.net

Pashtoon, Nazir

nazir. pashtoon@ingrani. micro.com

Fink, Mike

doiiiino.cubes@pointblank.com

Payne, Josh

ioshpavne@btgfoot.com

Firshman, Tonv

tony@firshman.demon.co.uk

Pazmino. John

iohri.pazmino@moondog.com

Florii, Louis

florit@unixville. com

Perry. Luke

Doidyl@juno.com

Franks. John

i. m.frmike@1arc.iiasa.gov

-A '—

Perry. Russ Jr

slapdash@enieract . com

Ganger. Gary

gangerg@>dma. ore

Rampolla, Joe

jprampolla@blazenet.net

Gilbert, 'Robert

weena@netze.ro.net

Rigler. Wilf

wilf.rigter@powertechlabs.com

Gillespie, Doug

aa43i@clevelaiid.freenet.edu

Rish. John

7460 i .. 1 535@compuseiye.com

Gimius, William

airnius w@.bls. gov

Sauter. Larry

sauter4 i 738@msn.com

Goodwin, Glen -

glenatacme@aoi.com

Shepard, Jay

jsliepard@wccta.net

Gowen, Rod

aw72 3@osfn.org

Simon, Thomas

73177,33 3@coinpuserve . com

Haberly, Duncan

duncan@military . com

Skapinski, Thomas

V -'

tskapins-@juno.com

Harbit, Ken

krhi) 3 (Sic v ip, fresno . com

Solly, David

k david solly@hoteiail.com

Harris, Paul

pili@fTsl5.f9.co.uk

Stegman, Dan

danesl.eg@juno.com

Haiiimg, Bob

_____

lewdbtpS netscape, net

Swenson, Tim

s wensont@Ianset , com

Henderliglit Mike

mfkehend@microsoft.eom

Swentko. Wallv

wswemko@inarooii.tc.umn.edu

Herre Cv

C y iiene@aoi . com

Swoger, Robert

rswoger@aoi. com

Holmgren, Paul

paulholm@indy . net

Taylor. Jeff

jetaylor@iMirobotics.ca

Horton. Will

wi I Short (Siaoi.com

TEJ Computer

iei@ips.net

Humphreys. Rod

" s :

fodh@pacifiecoast, net.

Thoresen, Jeff

74200 .257@compuserve.com

Irapellizerri, John

j1mpeiIi2enl@compuserve.com

Waldman, Stephen

brogine@hotmail com

Jaap, Matthias

matthias Jaap@hiiS.hli. schule.de

Waltennan. Don

waltemi@ix meteom . com

Jonas, Mike

oiionas@bbn.com

Watson, Keith

keith watson@yimo.com

Jones, Dilwvn

dilwyn jones@dj . soft.net.co. uk

Webster, Robert

rwebs 1 @netzero.net

Jones, Terry

rjones@iname.com

Zimmerman, George

gzimmer928@aoi . com

ZXir QLive Alive!

8

Winter 2003

TS-2068 Cassette LOAD AID Meter

Bv Donald S. Lambert from CRAG1ST newsletter March/ April 1989.

LOAD AID Construction: Plan to mount the two
potentiometers Rl & R2 inside the project box
to prevent accidentally changing the settings because
once set there i8 very little occasion to change them.
I laid out the front panel and marked the large holes
for the meter and the speaker. I drilled a hole in each
location to put a coping Raw blade through and after
sating the openings out a little undersize I used a half
round wood rasp to smooth up the holes and get
them the right size. I mounted a piece of perforated
aluminum behind the hole for the speaker for a grill
(could also use a piece of perfboard). I mounted the
speakers with three machine screws and nuts and
used large washers to hold the speaker in place.

When you power up the circuit the first time you
might see the meter give an off scale reading to
the left and if so just reverse the meter leads.

While the drawing shows the input/output at
opposite ends of the case, on my unit I mounted
them an inch apart. Also the cable has a simple knot
to keep from jerking the connections the cable is
soldered to.

(f alibrating And Using The Load Aid: Set the
J speaker volume first. Play a cassette with a good
program on it at a LOADable level (the LOAD AID
do-t not have to be connected to the computer) and
adjust the potentiometer Rl till the speaker gives a
signal that is not too loud yet loud enough to
override background (noise in the computer room)
noise. That should be about all you need to adjust
the volume. NOTE: Keep the volume as low as
possible since the speaker steals a little power from
the signal before it enters the computer.

While you were adjusting the speaker volume you
might have to adjust the meter potentiometer to
keep from pegging the meter on the right side of the
scale. Once the speaker has been adjusted you can
now proceed to adjust the meter. Do not adjust the
volume control on the tape plaver or you defeat the
whole idea of the LOAD AID. Play a T/S 1000
program on cassette that you have successfully
LOADed and adjust the potentiometer R2 to get
about 1/3 scale reading.

NOTE: The meter scale will no longer read the
units that the scale was designed for. Then play a
LOADable T/S 2068 tape and check that it is about
2/3 full scale on the meter or a little higher. If it pegs
out beyond full scale then adjust the potentiometer
R2 until the reading is not overloading the meter.
Now 7 , do not change potentiometer R2 but van- the

ZXir QLive Alive!

tape player volume control. Hopefully it is marked
with graduations or numbers. If not mark the knob
with a dot of paint or marking medium for a
reference mark. Now with the LOAD AID
connected to the T/S 1000 computer try to LOAD
the program and not the tape player volume setting
and the LOAD AID meter reading. You should get a
successful LOAD at that setting of the player. Now,
reduce the volume control knob by one number with
the player volume control knob and try again, and if
successful try again with another more reduced
setting.

When you have a failure you have ♦established
(with lowest volume control setting that
LOADed) the bottom signal level that will LOAD.
Now go the- other way with increased settings of the
volume control knob until it fails to LOAD and the
highest setting that LOADed will be your top limit.
The meter reading halfway between those two points
is the normal setting and should be what is used in
the future wiien loading. Now do the same for the
T/S 2068 computer and unless you find that it runs
exceedingly high and the T/S 1000 readings where
in the high 1/3 of the meter scale you have found the
optimal settings. If you had too high of readings
reduce the meter readings by way of R2 and start
over on the calibration. The calibration should need
be done only once (unless for 8~m~ reason you
change the settings on R2). You might LOAD some
other programs to see if the readings fall in the same
ball park figure and if you are satisfied with the
results it is time to close up the LOAD AID and use
it.

{found that the same volume setting of the tape
plaver works for all of the programs I SAVEd
with either the T/S 1000 or the T/S 2068. I have
found that tapes from other sources have required
me to change the tape player volume settings. While
you were calibrating the LOAD AID I hope that you
listened to the sounds from the speaker (NOTE: on
the T/S 2068 there are headers that have silent
periods before the main part of the program
LOADs.) I have found that there are four things to
listen for:

1. You want a sharp crisp sound, not a muffled off
key sound.

2. You want a sound that is continuous, if you have
a sudden silence the LOAD (note that the T/S 2068
has silences in the headers) will default.

3- You want a steady sound, you d on't want a

Winter 2003

sound that comes and goes like the tape player is on
a merry-go-round. If you have that problem set the
tape player volume control so that the loudest part is
at the- highest loadable setting for that computer and
hope the lower sounds ws 11 not be below the
minimum to LOAD.

4. You want only the sound that the computer
generated then the program was SAVEd not a lot of
hum. buzz or static.

The LOAD AID helps to get the tape player level
selected but it does steal a little power and with
a marginal tape it could possibly prevent a
successful LOAD If you suspect that you can try- a
LOAD without the LOAD AID in the circuit.
Sometime s just by trying a different make/model
tape player you will get a successful LOAD. If the
signal sounds off key or mushy it probably is
because there is a difference in the azimuth between
the head used to SAVE the program and the head
you are using to LOAD the program. Once I had a
head that had gotten a lot of deposit on it and it
sounded very mushy with a lower reading and it
worked all right after it was cleaned.

08 31 2001. Further thoughts on this subject:
One: a companion article on the use of an audio
transformer placed between the tape player and the
LOAD AID will boost the signal and two: there is a
mini audio amplifier (RS277 1 008) that will greatly
improve a signal from the tape player Again the
audio amplifier is placed between the tape player
and the LOAD AID. WARNING! Be sure to test the
output from the LOAD AID without it being
plugged into the computer to prevent a possible
overload to the input of the computer.
Parts List

Project Case. RS 270-627 $7 79. I use it standing

on end back of my cassette recorder caddy.

PI. Audio cable modified. Use a standard 1/8 mini

plug cable cut to leave about 15 inches from project

case to tip of cable. (Original cable was 30 inches

long and no longer available.)

SP1. Speaker 8 ohm .2 watt. RS 40-246 2 1/4 inch

diameter $2.99 or RS 40-240 2 inch for $2.59. Could

be a speaker out of an old transistor radio if it is 8 or

more ohms.

Meter. The original circuit called for a 1 ma.
movement meter and used a 50 microampere meter
(.5 ma) but the RS 270-1754 will work although it is
calibrated to 15 volts (the meter is used in volt
reading circuit), if the RS 27B-1754 $12.99 is used
you will use a potentiometer (R2) instead of the
resistors supplied with the meter.
Rl L000 ohms (IK ohms) potentiometer RS 271-
227 $0.59

R2. 25.000 (25K ohms) potentiometer RS 271-336
$0.59.

Jl. Jack. Be sure it is an open circuit model. I used
an open frame since they are cheaper. RS 274-251
3/$ 1.89. Or you could use the other end of the audio
cable that you cut off PI

Jf you use two tape players as I do you will find
that there is no longer the necessity to unplug and
re-plug even- time you go from LOAD to SAVE or
vice versa as long as the two players are not
connected to the same power supply excluding the
110 VAC supply. That does make life much easier
and saves a lot of wear and tear on the jacks.

The potentiometers are no longer available.
Perhaps you can find a local supplier. I updated the
other items. The meter took a $5.00 jump in prices a
used meter could be used.

SIMPLE KNOT

',1 £«

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ZXir QLive Alive!

10

Whiter 2003

SINC-LINK

Les Cottrell

ZXir QLive Alive!

11

Winter 2003

or ttye life of me !!!

do- not tmtem&m itdmitfatq. t&oi fo /motto-

4 TifflESi scre: e kj *

RhEd Hahale. 335 u. flEuport id, mmm Estates, IL SOWS

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BMP! 03 pr-int^r, modifications were made
to screen dump times the normal si2e
to about a half page worth. Also the
print head is now controlled so it can
plot to any location an the page. In
This ease, the font style controls the
width f ELITE U2 C.PI) 4 Expanded mas
U&ed belcui. One half the vertical pixel s
were used for one print head pass.*. The
program should be apli cable to other
printers with proper modifications.
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vice /ersa add MOT , NOT P0INT<C,R-«x5

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SINC-LINK

ZXir QLive Alive!

12 Winter 2003

The Z8§ Source Cock

Conclusion
Famous ZS8 Users

Douglas Adams - Writer of the famous ''Hitchhiker's
Guide to the Galaxy' books. He mentions the Z88 in his
book "Last Change to See."

Teller of the magic troupe Perm & Teller (serial # 034862).
Marvin Minsky - Creator of Artificial Intelligence and
LISP.

Jerry Pournelle - Science Fiction writer and columnist
for Byte magazine.
Mel Torme - Jazz Singer.

Stan Veit - Senior Editor Emeritus of Computer Shopper
Magazine and owner of one of the first computer stores in

NY

Z§§ Comers

Rumor has it that the Z88 sparked the Apple Newton. The
rumor says that a number of Apple execs were in a
meeting when they all noticed that they were using Z88s.
They wondered why they were not building something like
it. This rumor may have some truth, since the Z88 was
fairly popular with Mac users. They did not care that it
was not PC (MS-DOS) compatible and they were used to
high prices. (The Z88 was not real affordable when it first
came out.)

Rumor has it that a Z88 was seen on the NBC TV show
"Night Court" being used by Judge Stone ( Harry
Anderson). The person that saw the episode remembers
seeing a sleek black little laptop on the judge's bench.

iss Emulator Per MS-DCS

A Z88 emulator for MS-DOS is being worked on. I have
received a copy of version 0.2. I have tried it out and it
seems to work fairly well. There are still a few bugs in the
system. It is not what I would call fully working. Once
you leave the editor, all files stored in the emulator are
lost. There is not way to save files to disk. When you start
up the emulator, it does a hard reset. The author is
working on this problem along with many more. You can
contact tiie author at jeroen@login.iaf.nl. A copy of the
current version of the emulator is included on the disks.

Z8§ PRODUCTS

This section is an attempt at a comprehensive list of
products that are/were available for the Z88 Those listed
with a * are known to be available from one of the above
dealers.

Z8S Development Kit

[the following section is taken verbatim from Giinther
Strube]

Since day one of the Z88, good developers software have
been missing. However, a handful of software companies
still managed to produce software; Wordmongers,
Rakewell, Ranger Computers, Computer Concepts and a
few others. They all probably had to use cross assemblers

(either programmed by them selves or ubiquitous versions
of old CP/M Z80 assemblers). Further, to blow the
software on EPROM' s, they were probably using a PC
with EPROM programming hardware and a special Z88
EPROM card adapter. All in all a very difficult task which
only professional companies could afford to obtain.
Programmers with good application ideas but no cash have
always been left in the cold by Cambridge Computer.
The only development environment was the limited inline
assembler of the BBC BASIC standard application on the
Z88.

Cambridge Computer never produced any high level
language compilers, nor Z80 assemblers, only notes about
the operating system. In fact these notes were in the first
year only available to third parry dealers who had to sign a
non-disclosure agreement before getting a copy. In '91,
four years after the birth of Z88, Cambridge Computer
released the V2.0 of the Developers' Notes, a slightly
improved version of the bug intensive first release 0.93.
With a promising detail - they were going to supply a cross
assembler with source files examples and modified RAM
cards to produce applications. But shortly after this
release, Cambridge decided to stop everything about Z88.

The Developers project was dumped. Mathew Soar,
the person responsible for the software, stopped working
for Cambridge just before their move to Scotland. He
managed to send the very first internal release of the "Z88
application Cook book'' documentation to Vic Gerhardi of
Rakewell Ltd. before leaving the company Vic lent me the
copy recently (mid '95) - and sad to say the documentation
referred to a cross assembler available through another
company - if you could pay 100 pounds! The booklet only
explained briefly how to compile Z88 software with a few
examples and a reference of macros to lOease
programming. Nobody at the time wouid have paid that
price anyway.

All in all there has never been any software for
developers, except documentation of how to write
programs for the operating system. I think this is the main
reason for the very quick death of the computer. A
computer with no new interesting software is an almost
obsolete computer. I began my own developers project in
'91 due to the frustration of not having any developers
software for the Z88. I believed that to prolong the life of
the Z88 it was necessary to have a set of software tool for
programming application for the Z88. At the time the Z88
User's Club still were running successfully and it seemed
to have an interest in keeping the Z88 alive. I believed in
that and began the work. The basic idea of my software
was to develop everything on the Z88 itself, with an
additional lOhelp of a cross assembler on a stationary
computer.

My stcry

I have become a programmer with an interest for operating
systems and nice programming languages and algorithms.
As with many others, my interest began with ZX80 in

ZXir QLive Alive!

13

Winter 2003

primary school. Since then the ZX81 and Spectrum. With
the introduction of the QL I was bitten by the elegant
design of the operating system and beautiful visual design
of the computer. QL is still my mam machine (ported on
the ATARI range of computers using the wonderful port
by Tony Tebby, the designer of the original QL operating
system QDOS).

I was lucky to get a job on the basis of my QL experience
at Dansoft the Danish QL agent Imagine that - your
hobby has become your professional life!
At Dansoft we were working on the first QL clone - the
CST THOR PC. We managed to develop a genius piece of
software for the THOR to receive and manage news from
the Danish news agency Ritzaus Bureau. It was the first
news program ever maid on a personal computer. Even the
ministry of state became our customer!

In '88 I was part of the team winch made a Danish
version of the Z88 computer. In our collaboration with
Cambridge Computer we managed to get one of the best
versions of the operating system for our Danish issue. The
filing system even allowed ISO characters in filenames
and we had a PipeDream application which could sort our
Danish characters in the correct order. No other foreign
Z88 version were able to do that. I also translated the
English manual with extensive additions. The Z88 became
my favorite (portable) computer.

Since then I have been using the Z88. At the time we
were extremely frustrated over Cambridge Computer's bad
marketing strategy with no dealer support at all. I believe
the Z88 could have been a much better and more popular
machine if Cambridge would have investigated into further
improvements of hardware and software of the Z88.

Due to the lack of developers software for the Z88 I
have since 4 9I been working on my own developers
project in spare time. Many months have gone by without
any work on it. However, the software is now completed
(late '95). However, time and mass market Z88 users have
more or less gone with a good number of dedicated users
spread around the world.

The ccccl news

All is not lost though. The last stock of Z88's (about 4000
new computers and peripherals) are now being sold
through Rakewell Ltd. and Bill Richardson of EEC Ltd. at
very cheap prices. 99 pounds for a brand new Z88 and 120
pounds for a 1MB RAM Card! Many new users have
already bought it...

I believe it to be the last opportunity for a new market
of software development for the Z88. I hope my software
can contribute to a better software base for this nice little
computer,

The Z§8 Assembler Workbench

This is the complete developing, testing and production
software package for Z88 EPROM applications. You only
need a Z88 to get started. Price of software: 150 DKK
(about 15 pounds).

To obtain the software, a 128K EPROM must be sent to
me. Application software will be blown to EPROM and
returned to you.

You also get 720K discs containing:

> Z88 Assembler Workbench documentation in

PipeDream file format

> Source files comprising native Z88 assembler
application,

> , FFRREE executable Z80 cross assembler with ANSI
C source files,

> FFRREE standard routine library with corresponding
source files,

> FFRREE Z88 operating system manifest header files,

> FFRREE Z88 Developers' Notes V3

> FFRREE OZ call definitions as on-line help for QD
editor users (QLonly)

PLEASE SPECIFY EITHER IBM OR QDOS DISC
FORMAT.

Further, as an available option, we produce a write-
protected RAM card (emulated EPROM) for easy software
development The price is 150DKK. Please refer to (4).
You have to send one of your own RAM cards.
I accept cash payment or check drawn on a Danish bank.
Send order with EPROM/RAM Cards to:

Gunther Strube

Gl. Kongevej 37, 2.th.

DK-1610 Kobenhavn V

Denmark

If you have any questions, just mail me on
<gunther@met uni-c. dk>

The Z88 assembler workbench EPROM
executable applications with pipedream
documentation are copyright interlogic 1995. All
other free items are public domain (interlogic stilt
holds the intellectual copyright).
The nitty gritty details of the package:

<1> Module Assembler, native executable application on
Z88 with integrated on-line help. Contains all the functions
of the cross platform versions.

<l.a> Executable Z80 cross assembler on Intel PC, QL
computers. The object file output of the assemblers is
inter-platform compatible. The object file format is defined
in the documentation. The Z80 cross assembler is supplied
with free source files (written in the ANSI C language).
The cross assembler is currently ported to MSDOS,
LINUX and QDOS/SMSQ operating systems.

Z80 machine code source files to be compiled by the
assemblers may be written in any editor on any computer.
All line feed standards are supported on the Z88 native
application assembler (CR, CRLF or LF). Cross
assemblers convey to platform line feed standards. The
assemblers support modular file design with compilation
of only updated source modules. All necessary identifier
scoping rules have been applied. Linking object modules
and code generation is an integrated part of the assemblers.
Symbol-, Map- and Listing file output generation. Optional
relocatable code generation (relocation program header
and patch table added to code). Fast compilation:
28000 lines pr. minute on 386 40Mhz Intel hardware.
The assemblers also support library file generation and
library module inclusion into application code. A standard
library file is included with the assemblers. The assemblers
also support the famous non-docmnented Z80 instruction
mnemonics.

<2> Debugger. Rims Z80 code both in RAM and EPROM!

ZXir QLive Alive!

14

Winter 2003

The debugger is supplied in tour versions:

<2.a> Segment 0 file version (addressed for $2000). This

version enables you to single step in the Z88 operating

system!

<2.b> Segment 1 file version (addressed for $4000).
<2.c> Segment 2 file version (addressed for $8000).
<2.d> Z88 debugger application version with 40K runtime
application memory (equivalent to extended BBC BASIC
application memory) and integrated on- line help. You can
load machine code files into this application memory and
issue all the necessary debugging. 2.a to 2.c are made for
inclusion on EPROM application cards. You simply
allocate a bank for the debugger in your application system
data structure header and call the debugger from the
application code. The Z88 operating system automatically
manages both the debugger code and application code (as
any other external ordinary application EPROM).

When the debugger is called it takes over control
over the application and is still pre-emptable towards the
rest of the Z88 operating system. The Z88 doesn't see this
and just executes the debugger (and indirectly application)
code. When necessary, the debugger may be released from
monitoring. The application will then be executed at full
speed. The debugger contains all necessary- features: single
stepping, register dump, memory dump, disassembly,
break points, keyboard break and much more. A special
feature is to manipulate 256 individual CLI log files
(screen output to file memory). The average debugger
speed of executing Z80 instructions is about 11 times
slower then the native Z80 processor.
<3> EPROM programniing software to produce
application cards, using slot 3 hardware on the Z88.
Includes also commands to edit/view memory and
EPROM card banks. Integrated on-line help for all
commands and related topics. Special features are
implemented to support loading of software into the
modified RAM card. Even includes commands to clone
application cards.

<4> A modified RAM card (implemented with read-
switch) with magnet to emulate EPROM. The test software
is dumped into the RAM card (write-enabled with magnet)
and then write-protected (magnet removed for write-
protection). Thereby you avoid tedious EPROM blowing
and erasing during software development.
<4.a> In order to get a modified RAM you have to send us
one of your own cards. All sizes may be used (32K, 128K.
512K and 1024K). I use a professional electronics engineer
to make the modifications. A magnet is supplied as well.
The price to do the work is 150DKK inclusive magnet.
Please note that you cannot use it as a conventional RAM
card afterwards, unless the magnet is mounted all the time!
The write-protected RAM card is not necessarily needed to
develop EPROM application software, it just makes it
much, much easier.

<5> File transfer software. PC-LINK II compatible, but
capable of double speed transfer and on-line ASCII
translation. Client program for PC or QL is part of the file
transfer software package. File transfer also supports
multiple files in multiple directories, in both directions.
<6> FFRREE Developers' Notes V3 in PipeDream files
(550K). Many improvements, e.g. new documented low-

ZXir QLive Alive! -

level calls not previously available. Better cross
referencing, V2.0 text improved. Organized for easy
downloading on Z88 for on-line documentation during
software development,

<6.1> FFRREE Z88 operating system manifest header

files. All definitions contained in the Developers' Notes

V3 are stored as text files, ready to be included by your

assembler source files for compilation.

<7> About 80 or more useful library routines for

application development. You will find routine for

managing dynamic data structures (balanced binary trees),

easy memory management (allocation/de-allocation),

complete set of PipeDream map graphics functions to plot

& draw lines, scroll areas and move sprite objects.

All supplied as commented source files, ready for

compilation in application projects. All library modules are

compiled into supplied standard library file.

<8> The complete source files of the Z88 native module

assembler (400K). This illustrates many good

programming techniques on how to code applications for

the Z88. Further, it illustrates heavy usage of the supplied

standard library routines and how to build Z88 EPROM

apphcations.

These files are only supplied with the Z88 Assembler
Workbench EPROM, and are not for free distribution. Use
them for learning not copying to others!
<9> All Z88 Assembler Workbench software
documentation is supplied as PipeDream files. This is
mainly to avoid additional costs (printing paper issues and
expensive snail mailing).

However, this makes piracy easy. I hope you acknowledge
this with honesty.

<10> QL users only: FFRREE OZ call definitions as on-
line help files in Jochen Merz's QD editor. With this
system you have all Z88 operating system calls as on-line
reference. A wonderful feature when you need a quick
look at parameter details for OZ system calls during
prograniming in QD.

New same for the Z88

During the time of developing a graphics library for the
Z88 PipeDream map I couldn't resist to produce a game
that used the graphics.

After a completed graphics library. I began the work
ofZetriZ - yes a Tetris version on the Z88 that exploits the
full potential of the graphics area.

To play it, the Z88 must be turned 90 degrees anti-
clockwise. All standard game features are implemented,
plus shared high score file (among several ZetriZ
apphcations), extended game bricks and configurable
game parameters.

I'm working on an idea for a two-player version,
which connects two Z88 with a serial 9-pin cable.
If vou would lilce the game, send me a 32K EPROM and
50DKK.

Multiple Diary
applications

One thing that has bothered me since I began using the
Z88, was the annoying feature of having only a single
Diary applicatio n. This implied many problems if you

Winter 2003

wanted to keep separate diary files (e.g. private and
business diaries and other topics)

A simple modification of the 128K operating system
EPROM makes it possible to create multiple Diary
applications.

If you would like to have that open your Z88,
remove 128K EPROM and send it to my address (defined
elsewhere in tins document). Remember to include return
postage. I have EPROM programming facilities to make a
new modified EPROM.

When you receive the new EPROM, please
remember to remove all power source (batteries and power
supply) before inserting the EPROM. Even let the
computer be left for 15 minutes to discharge the capacitor
(which normally keeps limited power while changing
batteries). Please remember to insert the EPROM with the
small notch pointing towards the screen.
Mini-Reviews of Selected Products

ZN-CCS

ZN-DOS is a disk operating system that allows the Z88 to

use a modified Tandy TDD2 disk drive. The Tandy TDD2

is a portable, 3 l A inch, batten-operated, serial based disk

drive designed for the Tandy Model 100 and 102 laptops.

ZN-DOS comes with an EPROM, cable, and disk drive.

ZN-DOS can be purchased without the disk drive if you

already have one. The drive will need to be modified.

ZN-DOS has the following menu items:

Bank: Switches between two available "banks" on die

TDD2 disk drive. Each bank can hold up to 40 files, with

a total of 80 files per disk. Total disk storage is roughly

200K. The largest file size is 64K.

Directory: Provides a directory of Bank 0 or Bank 1.

Format: Formats a disk.

Kill: Delete a file.

Load: Move a file to the Z88.

Quit: Exit ZN-DOS.

Rename: Rename a file.

Save. Move a file to disk.

Rciiigercli§k Disk Drive

The Rangerdisk is a 3.5" battery powered disk system. It
formats a disk in 720K MS-DOS 2.1 format. Z88 files can
easily be copied to a MS-DOS system. It's size is 1 8cm x
14cm by 67 mm. It comes with a cable to hook to the Z88,
an AC adapter, and a 32K EPROM with the disk OS
software. Performance of the disk drive is limited to 9600
baud transfer from the Z88 to the disk drive. The software
is easy to use and allows selection of files the same as the
Z88 ; s Filer. The Rangerdisk commands are:

Catalogue Disk <>DD

Catalogue Z88 <>CF

Select Z88 Device <>SV

Select Z88 Directory oSI

Save to Disk <>DS

Fetch from Disk oDF

Change Disk <>DC

Erase Disk File <>DE

Rename a Disk File <>DR

Format Disk <>FM

View Disk File <>DV

tiardware

Extra Memory: 32K, 128K, 256K, 512K, lMeg*
EPROMS: 32K, 128K, 256K, 512K*
Portable Disk Drive w/ ZN-DOS*
(This is a Tandy Model 102 Disk Drive with
software to make the Z88 work with it)
SuperTwistaiite by Aware Tech
(Add-on light to illuminate the Z88 screen in
the dark)

Topper: Plastic to cover top of Z88.*

RangerDisk: 3.5" 720K drive in MS-DOS 2.1 format*

Battery Pack: External battery pack.

ADAM, Ranger Computers Ltd: AD Acq. Module.

Disc-88, XOB: Disk Drive System

Z88 Barcode Reader, Ranger Computers Ltd.

Miracle Systems Z88 v23 Modem

Eccks:

; 'Z88 Computing" by Ian Sinclair

"Using Your Z88" by Patrick Hall

"Z88 Developers' Guide"

"'Z88 Practical Applications Book"

"BBC Basic Reference Manual (Z88)" by M-Tec

"Z88 Dabhand Guide" by "authors of Z88 OS"

"Z88 Magf'c by Gerhardi, Gerhardi & Barry

"ZSS Real Power Computing" by F. R. Flaig

"Z88: A Dabhand Guide" by John Allen

"Z88 Portable Computing" by Dave Osborne

Software:

AccountZ. S&S Computer Advice: Bank Account
handling.

BackupZ, S&S Computer Advice: Dump Z88 to Spectrum
tape or microdrive.

CNC Link, Ranger Computers Ltd: Link to CNC Machine
Tools.

CountZ, S&S Computer Advice: Typing Test.

DataOrganizer. Rawest Info Systems: Database

Dream Word: Z88 to Tasword 3 on Spectrum.

Event Control System, Front Line Computers: Time

swimming, skiers, runners.

EZ-Money, WordMongers: ZBase Application.

FingerOrganizer, Harvest Info. Systems: Typing Tutor.

Form7 Administrator. S&S Computer Advice: School

Admin. zBase App.

G-Term, WordMongers: Terminal for Teiecom Gold.

Golf, WordMongers: Golf game.

Guardian, DanSoft: Password protection.

Harvester Word Chip, Harvester Info. Systems: Spell

Checker.

IMPEXP80, C-Port: Transfer to different computer
systems.

LexLink, Ranger Computers Ltd: Link to PCs with Lex
Word Processor.

M-Term, WordMongers: Terminal for Mercury 7500 E-
Mail Systems.

MileZ, S&S Computer Advice: Car milage allowance
claims.

Old Scores, Simon Rockman: Text Adventure,

Pilots Companion Aviation Software Tools: Flight

Planner.

ZXir QLive Alive!

16

Winter 2003

Phone Post System. WordMongers: PC-hosted e-mail
system tiiat

allows Z88's to link in using P-Term.

PhoneZ, S&S Computer Advice: Phone call logger

QZ. Sector Software: Transfer program to QL.

Scazble, WordMongers: Arcade game Scrammble.

School Administrator, S&S Computer Advice: Smaller

version of

Form 7 Admin.

SpellMaster, Aware Technology: QuickEdit editor +

WordFmder

spelling checker.*

Squeez88, Rakewell: Compression program.

Stop Watches, Racing Car Computers: 14 Stopwatches.

T-Touch, S&S Computer Advice: Typing tutor.

TX, WordMongers: File transfer system to different

computers.

Withered Toad, WordMongers: Text Adventure.
Vision 100, Ranger Computers Ltd: VT-100 terminal.
Z88-Amiga Link, Music Suite: Z88 to Amiga transfer
program.

Z88-ST Link, Music Suite: Z88 to Atari ST transfer
program. Z88 Travel Base, Minerva Systems: Database
Program. zBase, WordMongers: Database program
similar to dBase II. zTape, WordMongers; Load and save
to a tape recorder. zTerm: Xmodem plus Terminal.
PCLink, Cambridge: PC to Z88 software & cable.*
MacLink, Cambridge: Mac to Z88 software & cable.*
QLink, Cambridge: QL to Z88 software & cable * BBC
Link. Camgridge: Link to BBC Micro.
NON-Z88 PRODUCTS THAT CAN BE USED WITH
THE Z8S

There are a number of different products that can be used
with the Z88, even though they were not designed to.

Laptop Light

The "'Notebook Computer Light" is a light designed to be
used on non-backlit laptops and claims to be useable on all
laptops. Essentially the unit is a batten pack and a light
that peeps over your laptop screen and casts down if s
light. It attaches above the laptop screen like a C -clamp.
The light bulb is an "Ektron" bulb and looks to be the
same bulb used in the ever-popular "Itty Bitty Book
Light." In other words. It's a small high intensity bulb.
The unit weights just 7.8 oz. It comes with rechargeable
AA NiCads, an AC Adapter/Charger, and a travel case (6"
x 2.5" x 7/8"). It costs $39.95 (plus $3 USA shipping) and
is available from ASF Assoc, Ltd, Box 625, Merrick, NY,
11566, 1-800-771-3600. and Fax 1-516-868-6897 Tin
tempted to get one of these, but I don't have a pressing
need for it.

Laptop Cases

A bunch of laptop cases are available through all sorts of
sources. Most of these cases were designed for PC or Mac
laptops, but can easily be used for the Z88. A number of
them have some nice features. They have places to put
disks, cables, printer paper, paper files, etc. Some are
designed to be portable offices with storage space for pens,
pencils, tape, small staplers, etc. Be careful of the prices.
They can cost anywhere from $30 to $100 Other soft

cases designed for other uses can be made to fit for the
Z88. A creative use of rubber foam can create a custom
fitted case.

i aptep Magazines

There are a number of laptop magazines available at your
local magazine rack. They sometimes carry some general
laptop articles that can be applied to the Z88. They carry a
number of laptop products that can be used with the Z88 (
printers, modems, etc.). I found the above mentioned
laptop light in one such magazine

You may not find enough good information in each
issue to warrant getting a subscription, but you may find
one or more of these magazines at your local library.

INCLUDED UTILITIES AND TILES

The following files come with the Z88 Source Book:
z88pd_zip - Original files from the 1 st edition
z88pd2 zip - Additional general Z88 files
z88ql_zip - QL Specific Z88 files
devnotes zip - Z88 Developers* Notes version 3
ozdefczip - OZ definitions
qlzSOasm zip - Z80 Cross Assembler for QL
pcz80asm_zip - Z80 Cross Assembler for MS-DOS
zSOlibzip - Z80 Library for Cross Assembler
z8()src zip - Source Code for Cross Assembler
z88em_zip - Z88 Emulator for MS-DOS version 0.2

QL users get some additional Z88 User Group files. These
files would not zip and the file names are not MS-DOS
compatible. MS-DOS users will get some MS-DOS Z88
User Group files. There may be some duplication of files
between some of the ZIP files. Since they came from
different sources, I did not have a chance to go through
every file.

Original files

There are a number of Z88 utilities that have become
classics over the years and are almost standard for most
Z88 Users. Below is a description of these important
utilities.

Z88COMM - As mentioned above Z88COMM is the
standard communications program for the Z88. Like the
built in VT52 program, Z88 provides the ability to log onto
BBSs but it also supports ASCII and XMODEM file
transfer. Since Z88COMM is written partially in Machine
Code, there is a slight risk of Z88COMM crashing the
Z88. Run your version without any important file, just in
case. (I found this out the hard way.)
ZFU - This is an archive, compression, and backup
utility, very similar to PKZIP. ZFU allows you to do Ml,
different ional, or incremental backups. Multiple files are
compressed and stored in a single file, making it easier to
transfer the file out of the Z88.

ZCP - This is another Z88 communications program. It
supports ASCII and XMODEM file transfer. Since it has
no documentation, I have to guess that some of the
commands are for transferring files between Z88s. Not
having a second Z88 I have not tried this. It looks as
though you can control one Z88 from the other (for file
transfers only).

PAT2PCW " - This BBC BASIC utility provides many

ZXir QLive Alive!

17

Winter 2003

important add-on's to BASIC on the Z88. New commands
deal with graphics, allow line editing, text and graphics
windows. For advanced BASIC programming, this utility
is a must.

ROMDMP - ROMDMP (ROM Dump) is a utility that
allows you to do a HEX and ASCII dump of the Z88's
ROM. The included text file shows a sample dump of the
BBC BASIC area.

ZRLE - This program allows the decoding, displaying,
and printing of RLE files. An RLE file is a graphic file
stored in a Run Length Encoded file. RLE files can be
displayed on a number of computers. PAT2PCW is
needed for this program to run.

Z88TOOLS - This is a sample BBC BASIC program that
shows some of the features of the VDU command. It
shows how to have bold text, underlines text, flashing text,
etc. Shows you how to "pretty up" your BASIC programs.
Many of the BASIC programs on the disk utilize the same
features demonstrated in Z88TOOLS.

Other i tilities

Below is a list of the files that are included on the disk that
comes with the book. All BBC Basic files haw been
converted to plain text CLI files ( at least those that I could
convert). These files can be converted to tokenized BBC
Basic on the Z88. Documentation files are in plain text.
All files can be sent to the Z88, from the QL, with the
utilities included. PCs will need a copy of a
communications package like ProComm.
ADDLF.CLI Add LineFeeds to each line to make it
compatible with MS-DOS.
ANIMAL. CLI Al Animal query/learning game.
BOMBER. CLI Video game. Bomb buildings before
hitting them.

CAMEL. CLI Desert trekking with a Camel game.
CATERPIL.CLI Video game. Eat fruits but don't eat the
mushrooms.

CODEBRK.CLI A version of the game Mastermind.
CRDFIL.CLI Card File Utility.
CRDFIL.TXT Document file for CRDFTL.
CRDFIL.INF

CRLF.CLI Like ADDLF.CLI with modifications.

DICONTX.PE Printer file for Diconix printer.

EPCAT.CLI Catalog EPROMs.

EPCHK.CLI Check ERPOMs for total erasure.

EPCHK.TXT Doc file for EPCHK.

EPLOAD.CLI Load file from EPROM.

EPSON. PE Printer file for Epson printer.

FINANCE.CLI Financial Calculations.

GLISSADE. CLI Sample sound program.

GRAPH2.TXT Describes GRAPHALL.CLI.

GRAPH ALL, CLI Graph PipeDream spreadsheets and

printer them out

HOUSE. CLI Draws a house.

HX.CLI Hex Import.

HX.TXT HX.CLI document file..

KINGDOM. CLI Rule a kingdom type game.

LABEL, CLI Make mailing labels.

LABEL.DAT Data file.

LINK. CLI BBS like program to hook to a host computer.
LINK.TXT Documentation.

PAT2PCW.CLI Patch 11.
PATCH.TXT Documentation for Patch
PATCH2.TXT Documentation for Patch II.
P ATCHDEM. CLI Patch demo.
PHONE.LOG Log file for Z88COM
PRTCONV.ZFU

ROMDMP. CLI ROM Dump program.

ROMDMP . TXT Documentation.

ROMDP2. CLI ROM Dump version 2.

SOUND.TXT Documentation

SOUND2 . CLI Sound demo program.

STAR. CLI Draws a star.

WCHILL.CLI Calculates wind chill factor.

WIZARD. CLI Game.

Z88COM.CLI Communications program.

Z88COM.TXT Documentation

Z88PDRLZFU

Z88TOOLS.CLI Program shows some neat features of
BBC BASIC.

ZCP.CLI Z88 communications program.
ZFU202.CLI Archive program (like PKZIP).
ZFU202.TXT Documentation.
ZRLE. CLI RLE file decoder, displayed and printer.
ZRLE.TXT Documentation.

Z8S User Group Tiles

Although the Z88 User Group is officially defunct, Ian
Braby. the software librarian has not officially released the
whole Z88 User Group library. Copies of the library have
been available through various sources (other Z88 users,
the Internet), but Ian has only approved a select few to be
distributed with the Z88 Source Book.
Below are some instructions on how to transfer Z88 User
Group files to the Z88. These instructions are PC specific,
but the read should be able to adjust them to almost any
platform. I have not tested these instructions, so I provide
them with no warranty.
How to Transfer Z88 User Group Files
At the MS-DOS prompt, type MODE COM 1:96,11,8,1.
This sets the serial port to 9600 baud with the correct
parity. Hie Z88 should be similarly set from the SETUP
Panel to 9600 baud and XOn/XOff set to "YES" Create the
subdirectory LIBRARY on the Z88, into which the
unpacked riles will be sent, unless you have any of the
following programs:

File Directory Name

Z079 STATS

Z081 Z081

Z109 Z109

Z150 Z150

ZBOi STOCK

ZB02 FRONTEND

ZB03 BOXCHARS

ZB04 ZBASE/CARD2

ZB05 ZB05
CLIBRARY CLIBRARY
X022 X022
Connect the two computers and enter Imp-Export on the
Z88 and press "B" for batch receive. On the PC type, for
example:

COPY Z007 COM1

ZXir QLive Alive!

18

Winter 2003

The Z88 should show that it is receiving at this point.
When the list file is received., press ESCape on the Z88
and all's done.
CL Specific riles

Z041 MORPHEAS - Metamorphose one shape into
another.

Z042 PLOTFX.BAS - General function plotter.
Z043 COMPARE.BAS - Compares two files byte by
byte.

Z044 HEXDUMP BAS - Dumps a file to the screen in
ASCII and HEX.

Z045 FNBASES.BAS - Converts numbers between
bases.

Z046 FNINTEGRAL.BAS - Calculate functions of X.
Z049 LISTER. B AS - Prints out BASIC files in
structured format
Z050 EPLOAD.BAS
Z88COMM.BAS

F ADDER & DT AB - Add LF and Tab remover.
EPCAT.BAS
FILDMP.BAS
DISZ88 - Z88 Disassembler.
DECIDE.B AS - Decision milking program.
FINANCE.BAS - Financial analysis program.
MAXIT.BAS - A "screen-oriented" game.
WIZARD.BAS - An adventure game.
Z88-IMPEXP - Binary file for Spectrum to
transfer files to/from the Z88.
Zl 11 COFYFILE - Copies files from device to device.
LABEL PRINTER. - Prints labels.
XEROX 4045 Laser Printer Driver.
ST ARTREK. B AS - Classic game.
YAHTZEE.BAS

SPECTRUM-LINK - Another Spectrum program
to transfer files to/from the Z88.

Z157 FCOMPARE.BAS - Compares updated files to
each other.
Z158 EPROMC AT. B AS
ROMDMP6.BAS
OTL - Outliner program.
ZBSCR - zBase screen generator.
ZBOPT - zBase program optimizer.
ZBASOPT - Optimises BASIC program by
removing REMs.
Z l 79 FRTCONV - Converts PipeDream to pure ASCII.
UNITS - Convert between lots of units.
SOUND - Sound Designer program.
CARDS - Toolkit to generate suits and backs of

Z051
Z052
Z054
Z055
Z056
Z057
Z058
Z059
Z060
Z110

Z112
Z113
Z118
Z120
Z133

Z159
Z175
Z176
Z177
Z178

Z180
ZI81
Z182
cards.
Z183
Z215

CAMELS - game.

EPCHK - Checks EPROMS to see if they have
been completely erased.
Z2I6 ZRLE
ZS03 ZFUv. 2.02
X010 BOOT.CLI

X0 1 1 DELETE.RAM.- - Erases files lurking in RAM.

X02 5 CLIs - A collection of useful CLIs.

ZBO I STOCK - Demo database for zBase.

ZB02 FRONTEND - Front end to zBase.

ZB03 BOXCHARS - Allows lines and boxes to zBase.

ZB05 ADDRESS - Address book database for zBase.

PC Specific files

Z213 HX - Allows you burn EPROMS and run them as
if they were ROMs.

Z214 CARDFILE - Card file database.
From Les Cottrell

/our home into a bank,
hopping center, an airline
office, a schoolroom, an
>st office and a whole

trievaif MCI Mail and THE SOURCE?-'
Timex even makes that easier

$169 Telecommunications bonus.

When you buy a TS 2068 com-
puter and TS 2060 modem, you'll
also receive membership to THE
SOURCES America's information util-
ity Pius free use of the CompuServe
demonstration area. And if you sub-
scribe to CompuServe, two free hours
of standard service connect time.
Plus an introductory offer when you
register with MCI Mail lets you send
your first letter free.

And registering for MCI Mail
automatically gives you a compli-
mentary subscription to Dow Jones
News/ Retrieval?

Behind it all a great computer.

72K. Color. Sound. Under $200

The heart of the Timex Telecom-
munications system is the Timex
Sinclair 2068, a second-generation
home computer designed with one
purpose in mind -to be useful. With
72K on-board memory it's powerful
enough to entertain you with brilliant
color graphics and 8-octave sound.
Plus do word processing as well as
spread sheet functions.

Its unique one-touch entry
requires no typing skills. And the new
Timex Sinclair Command Cartridges
can be used without any knowledge
of programming.

For your personal records, you
can add theTS 2040 printer For
game playing, the Timex Sinclair
Command Stick Is designed for fast-
action firing. And the TS 2020 Pro-
gram Recorder makes loading
programs fast and easy

So whether you use the Timex
Sinclair 2068 for telecommunications,
or simply as a great home computer,
you've got a powerful performance
package To purchase It see your
local dealer or mail the coupon.

Touch more of the world, with Timex.

Mail to; Timex Computer Corporation, P.O. Box 3138, Dept. SC,

Item

Price

QSy.

r . wa j

Timex Sinclair 2068 Computer

$199.95

Timex Sinclair 2040 Printer

$ 99.95

I

Timex Sinclair 2050 Modem

S 119.95

Timex Sinclair 2020 Recorder

$ 49.95

Timex Sinclair 2090 Command Sticks

$ 14,95 ea,

1 j

Off st good only in U S. A.

Please odd S5 hqndl ing charge

$5,00 i

Connecticut resident* crease add 7<a% Stale tew.

I enclose a check /money order for S

Total

l

Please charge my VISA V MasterCard™ account no.,
Exp. date

Name

CHv

Stale

Zip

TIMEX

CIRCLE 62 ON READER SERVICE CARD

ZXir QLive Alive!

19

Winter 2003

Place your ads here, if is FREE!

Please inform and/or update the Editor of any changes in your ad/s

QL, Spectrum, ZX-81 and Z88

www. members.tripod. corn/hes computing/hes 1 . html
E-Mail 74601. 1535@compuserve.com
Phone 210 661-4376

Heme Electronics Service

John R. Rish

5222 Kazen Dr.
San Antonio TX 78219 USA

14 Li Hacker's Journal

Supp orti ng All QL Programmers

Timothy Swenson, Editor

2455 Medallion Dr.
Union City, CA 94587-1914
swensontc@geocities.com
http://www.geocities.com/SilconVailey/Pines/5865/

The John Oliger Co.

11601 Widbey Dr.
Cumberland IN 46229
The John Oliger Floppy Disk System
FOR THE TS-2068

j oi j ger a vminaspnng .com

f —i/'xX^ I

nn>n

LJ '_J

Peter Liebert-Adelt
LUETZOW STR 3
D-38102 BRAUNSCHWEIG

GERMANY
Email: p.iiebert@t-online.de
http://home .t-online. de/home/p.l iebcrt/zx-tcam. Iitm

NESQLUG

NEWS

New England Sinclair QL Users Group

Ed Kingsley, Editor
16 Highland Avenue
Saugus MA 01906
(781 ) 233-3671 EdK4@aol.com

Software for the Tsmex\S«nciair Computer

MC, VISA, American Express. Phone 717-748-1747

Keith Electronics

224 North Grove St
Lock Haven, PA. 17745

ARCHIVE Based QL Software

Surplus T/S
Inventory

Siillpill

Bill Cable

Wood & Wind Computing

RR3 BOX 92
Cornish NH 03745 USA
Phone (603) 675-2218

JOHN J SHEPARD III
281 130 th ST
OGDEN IA 50212
< jshepard@wccta.net >

Mostly QL & TS-2068

Dcminc Cubes
Z S S

Hardware & Software
352 7 th Ave. 15 th Fir.
New York, NY 10001
Phone 212 631-7563
Domino.cubes@excelsior.net

JACK BOATWRIGHT
67325 FRYREAR RD
BEND OR 97701
< jboatno4@outlawnet.com >

Mostly ZX-81 /TS-1 000 & TS-2068

ZXir QLive Alive!

20

Winter 2003