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103

UP Ole Interest, ^
Revisited

Duke Norris

Modifying an old favtirite for
use on the CoCo 3

Deciding What's
Write For You

Staff

A comparative look at the
word processors available on
the CoCo market

118

Edward Samuels
A significant change
in the federal law

44 .

Invoice Innovation^

David L Clapper
Create professional-looking
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Make a Note of It! %

William Souser

Print neat-looking telephone

message pads

April 1989
Vol. VIII No. 9

OS-9 Resistance

Dennis Skala

Once you get to know it,

OS-9 is a great system

Two-Dimensional *w
Rotation

William P. Nee

Part X: Machine Language

made BASIC

101

The Color
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Bill Bernico

This program helps children
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103 #

Stretch it to the Limit

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Keep track of credit card
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112

CoCo Tour ^

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Surround your programs with
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118 %

Decisions, Decisions

Willis Stanley

Measuring those gut feelings

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4 THE RAINBOW April 1989

-Novt

Pieces of the Pie

Bill Bernico

Who Ya Gonna Write

Keiran Kenny

An Uncommon View

Kenneth R. Hill

Mil Move You

Timothy Dueck

Today's Forecast

Rick Cooper

For the Birds

Keiran Kenny

1 Rainbow teefr

152

Accessible Applications

Richard A. White
Data Processing with
BASIC09

143

Barden's Buffer

William Barden, Jr.
April foolishness and the
pentomino contest winners

148

KISSable OS-9

Dale L. Puckett

In quest of new technology

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Advertisers Index 160

Back Issue Info 107

Corrections 48

Letters to Rainbow .... 6

One-Liners 124

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Racksellers 158

Rainbow Info 14

Rainbow Scoreboard 86
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Submitting Material
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BASIC Training

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Computer animation takes
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Bill Bernico

BASIC problems solved here

CoCo Cosultations

Marty Goodman

Just what the doctor ordered

Delphi Bureau

Don Hutchison
What's new on Delphi
and the database report

m . . ■ M

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The question fixer

Education Notes

Steve Blyn
Break it up

Print #-2,

Lawrence C. Falk
Editor's Notes

Turn of the Screw

Tony DiStefano
Lights Out!

Wishing Well

Fred Scerbo
Measure your life
in bits and bytes

The Aussie Collection/The Public Domain

Software Copying Company

Da Vinci3/OvW- Ware

Ghost Hunters/ SPORTS ware

Ironsides and Crimson Sai\s/Softwar

Technologies

Memory/RAM Electronics

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Rupert Rythym/Game Point Software

Simply Better/S/mp/y Better Software

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Rainbow

Editor and Publisher

Lawrence C. Falk

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Associate Editor Sue Fomby

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Ed Ellers

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Joseph Kolar, Dale Puckett,
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For RAINBOW Advertising and
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seepage 160

Cover illustration
by Heidi Maxedon

April 1989 THE RAINBOW

BACK TALK

Editor:

Your editorial in the March 1988 issue of
RAINBOW was intended to reassure the
CoCo Community that the CoCo is alive
and well. You pointed out that the CoCo is
Tandy's hottest selling item and has outsold
all other products for several years. Appar-
ently Radio Shack business people here in
Canada do not read your editorial with the
same enthusiasm.

Two weeks prior to Christmas, Radio
Shack stores in the Toronto area had a
clearance sale of CoCo hardware and soft-
ware. CoCo 3s were sold for $95 and soft-
ware at ridiculously low prices as well.
Customers have been informed that items
will not be restocked.

My son is left with a CoCo 3 from Christ-
mas with no place to purchase a CM-8
monitor. Please offer me some reassurance
that there is still hope for the CoCo.

John W. Ivory
Scarborough, Ontario

See Lonnie Folk's "Print #-2, "on Page 10
of this issue.

What's All the Excitement About?

Editor:

I want to comment on Richard White's
OS-9 memory discussion in the January
1988 issue [Page 152].

In discussing MS-DOS comparisons, it's
interesting to note that the INTEL-8088 is
segmented in much the same way as the
GIME segmentation. But INTEL left out
the DAT electronics. Most MS-DOS users
don't know that the application software
often handles the large-scale memory man-
agement. So what's all the excitement
about? The point is, our operating system
manages the memory, and since most pro-
grams are smaller in our systems than
comparable MS-DOS systems, we rarely
have to make special memory concessions.
When necessary though, it's not inconven-
ient to multiple-load segments into other
64K-byte pages or make use of user memory
RAM disks for large programs.

Paul Pollock
(PA U LB ELL)
Sepulveda, California

Foolish Pleasure?

Editor:

This letter concerns Don Hutchison's
Database Report in the January 1989 issue.
I have been very pleased in the past by the
constructive articles found in the pages of
RAINBOW, but I found a section of the

Database Report that, in my opinion, is
destructive to the CoCo Community.

In this report Mr. Hutchison describes the
RAINBOW CoCo SIG's constructing of a
benign Trojan horse as playful and interest-
ing but fails to mention the foolishness and
consequences of such a project.

Mr. Hutchison condones the construction
of a program that leads to the vandalization
and destruction of other users' disks. The
Macintosh Trojan horses are examples of
this project's outcome.

For the sake of all CoCo users, I hope we
will cease support of the project and, in-
stead, reinforce our trust in programs
offered by Delphi.

Charles W. Blair
Brossard, Quebec

See the following response from CoCo
SIG Database Manager Don Hutchison.

Woe! Charles

Editor:

It was certainly not the intent of my
column nor the RAINBOW CoCo SIG to
support the creation of a harmful virus or
Trojan horse program. In actuality, I was
simply reporting what others were discuss-
ing in the CoCo SIG's Forum: the creation
of a pseudo-virus program, i.e., one innoc-
uous in nature. The ultimate goal of such
pursuits would be increased knowledge of
how to protect oneself from harmful virus
programs.

We cordially invite you, Charles, to join
us online on Delphi to support your position
with those originally involved in the virus
discussion: Steve Bjork, Art Flexser, Marty
Goodman, Mike Ward and others. I'm sure
that you will then understand that no one
is supporting the creation of a dangerous
virus or Trojan horse program.

Don Hutchison
CoCo SIG Database Manager

Help for Milton

Editor:

1 have just discovered Marty Goodman's
set of programs to transfer text files from the
CoCo to MS-DOS in the July 1986 issue of
RAINBOW.

After having successfully used them for
the past two weeks, I remembered reading
a request from Milton Simpson of Big Flats,
New York, asking for help with this prob-
lem. Your reply was to suggest two programs
from Microcom Software at $79.95 and
$39.95.

If Milton has dual single-sided drives on
his CoCo capable of accessing 40 tracks and
at least one 5i4-inch drive to run on his 1000

SX, he might be interested in Marty's
programs. After all, they are practically free
for the asking. All it takes is a back issue of
the magazine or RAINBOW ON TAPE or
DISK. It would be beneficial, however, to
have a copy of the issue for the documen-
tation.

John C. Schulz
Merritt Island, Florida

HINTS AND TIPS

Editor:

Thank you for publishing Dr. Marty
Goodman's hardware fix for FD-500 and
FD-502 disk drives [October '88, Page 58].
Because of its importance I wish to restate
the problem: When any drive is accessed, all
drive motors should be running.

It seems, from our customers' feedback,
that other brands of dual drives are also in
need of the same wiring change described in
Dr. Goodman's article. If users have more
than a single disk drive, they should perform
the following steps to see if the drives are
wired properly:

1. Open all drive doors and remove all
disks from the drives.

2. Turn the computer on, type DIR and
press ENTER.

3. While the first drive motor is spinning,
check to see that all other drive motors are
spinning.

If all drive motors are spinning, then your
disk drives are wired properly.

If only the first drive motor is spinning,
then your other drives are improperly wired.
Contact the store where you purchased the
drives to have them repaired.

There seems to be another real potential
for trouble using modified or different disk
operating system (DOS) ROMs and
doubled-sided drives set up as follows:

Drive 0 front as Drive 0; back as Drive 2.
Drive 1 front as Drive 1; back as Drive 3.

The trouble is a mis-read of data on the
disk and seems to stem from the way the
head position of each drive is kept track of.
The DOS can use either a two- or four- byte
head position table for this purpose.

The following BASIC program allows
double-sided drive users to determine the
way their DOS handles the drive table. Type
it in and insert a scratch disk, formatted on
both sides, into Drive 0 and run the pro-
gram:

10 POKE 2430,0: 'DRIVE 0 HERD POS
20 POKE 2431,0: 'DRIVE 1 HERD POS

6 THE RAINBOW April 1989

AUTOTERM

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WORLD'S If*
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YOU'LL ALSO USE AUTOTERM FOR SIMPLE
WORD PROCESSING & RECORD KEEPING

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EASY COMMUNICATION + WORD PROCESSING + TOTAL AUTOMATION

Full prompting and error checking.
Step-by-step manual has examples.
Scroll text backward and forward. No
split words on screen or printout.
Save, load, delete files while on line.
Print, save all or any part of text. 300
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characters. Works with D.C. Hayes or
any modem. Screen widths of 32, 40,
42, 51, 64.

DISK VERSION SUPPORTS RS232
PAK, XMODEM and SPLIT SCREEN
FOR PACKET RADIO.

Please hire the mentally retarded.

They are sincere, hard working and

appreciative. Thanks! ...

Phyllis.

Editing is super simple with the
cursor. Find strings instantly too!
Insert printer control codes. Specify
page size and margins. Switch
quickly between word processing
and intelligent terminal action. Create
text, correct your typing errors; then
connect to the other computer,
upload your text or files, download
information, file it, and sign-off; then
edit the receive data, print it in an
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file. Compatible with TELEWRITER.

CASSETTE $29.95
DISKETTE $39.95

Add $3 shipping and handling

MC/VISA/CO.D.

Advanced system of keystroke
macros lets you automate any
activity, such as dial via modem,
sign-on, interact, sign-off, print, save.
Perform entire session. Act as
message taker. At start-up, disk
version can automatically set
parameters, dial, sign-on, interact,
read/write disk, sign-off, etc. Timed
execution lets AUTOTERM work
while you sleep or play. No other
computer can match your COCO's
intelligence as a terminal.

PXE Computing

11 Vicksburg Lane
Richardson, Texas 75080

214/699-7273

30 POKE 2432,0: 'DRIVE 2 HERD POS

40 POKE 2433, 0: 'DRIVE 3 HEAD PDS

50 PR INT "INSERT SCRATCH DISK FDR

MATTED ON BOTH SIDES (DRIVE 0 AN

D2)"

60 PRINT"THEN PRESS ANY KEY"
70 A$=INKEY$:IFA$="" THEN70
B0 DIR0: 'READ DRIVE 0 DIRECTORY
S0 DIR2: 'READ DRIVE 2 DIRECTORY
100 PRINT

110 IF (PEEI<(2432) ) = 17 THEN PR
INT"4 BYTE HEAD TABLE": END
120 IF (PEEK (2432) ) = 0 THEN PR
INT"2 BYTE HEAD TABLE": END

The trouble seems to occur if a four-byte
table is used with double-sided drives. The
correct way to keep track of a double-sided
disk drive's head is to have one byte per drive
representing both sides, as opposed to two
bytes per drive, one byte representing each
side. Since the heads of a double-sided drive
move together, they will each always be in
the same position. Therefore, only one byte
is needed to represent both heads.

If you have a four-byte head table, the
following program will indicate if the mis-
read trouble occurs with your DOS or not.
Type it in, using the same procedure as
above:

10 CLEAR 1000

20 PRINT "INSERT SCRATCH DISK FOR
MATTED ON BOTH SIDES (DRIVE 0 AN

D2)"

30 PRINT"THEN PRESS ANY KEY"
40 PRINT

50 A$=INKEY$:IF A$= "" THEN 50

G0 A$="READ OKI"

70 DSK0S 2, 17.1, AS. B$

B0 A$="READ BAD!"

90 0SK0S 2,0,1,A$,B$

100 DSKIS 2, 4,1, AS, B$

110 DSKIS 0,1,1,A$,B$

120 DSKIS 2,17,1,A$,B$

130 PRINTAS

The program writes "Read OK" on Drive
2, Track 17, and writes "Read Bad!" on
Drive 2, Track 0. It then reads Drive 2, Track
34, followed by Drive 0, Track 1. Finally, it
attempts to read the data stored on Drive 2,
Track 1. If the DOS is working properly,
"Read OK!" stored on Track 1, should
appear. If "Read Bad!" stored on Track 0
appears, there is a serious problem with the
DOS using double- sided drives.

This mis-read trouble was discovered
when a user sent us a set of VIP Database
data disks that spanned across two double-
sided drives. When VIP Database searched
for a file on the back side of Drive 0 (Drive
2), the file was not found. He was using a
DOS ROM he bought from a well-known
Color Computer disk-drive vendor (not
Radio Shack).

This mis-read can be duplicated if you
have a CoCo 3 and RS-DOS 1.1 (or 2.1) and

double-sided drives set up as outlined above.
Poke the following locations to enable the
double-sided drives. Format a disk on both
sides (DSKINI0 and DSKINI2). Then run the
second listing and watch it fail for yourself:

POKE 55453,1
POKE 55454,2
POKE 55455,65
POKE 55456,66

The cure was found when we tried the
disks using RGB-DOS from RGB Comput-
er Systems. RGB-DOS uses a two-byte head
table instead of a four-byte head table and
does not fail the mis-read test. If your DOS
fails, you should contact the supplier and
request an updated DOS ROM, which will
not fail the above test.

Other double-sided drive configurations
may also fail in a similar manner. But until
the cause is found and cured, these double-
sided drive users cannot be assured of proper
disk operation.

Paul Anderson
SD Enterprises
Gresham, Oregon

INFO PLEASE

Editor:

I am not able to accumulate numerical
data using Radio Shack's Color Profile, I
want to calculate my history grade in per-

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 7

centage form.

The following datas were entered: assign-
ment name, possible points and points
received. To calculate the percentile, I need
to accumulate the total possible points and
total points received, then divide the total
points received by total possible points. This
is where my problem lies: I can't accumulate
the total points received or the total possible
points. Color Profile does not allow the use
of an item number to calculate itself. Can
anyone help me?

Also, what's the advantage of using OS-
9? What can this operating system do that
Disk BASIC can't do?

Hinh Phansavath
9267 Via Vista
Buena Park, California 90620

See Dennis Skala's "OS-9: Time for a
Change" beginning on Page 58 of this issue.

Cyrus Chess for CoCo 3

Editor:

Ever since our initial subscription to
RAINBOW last February 1988, my wife Fran
and I eagerly look forward to receiving each
issue of the magazine.

We are relatively new to the world of
CoCo and have just purchased a CoCo 3. We
enjoy many games, one being Cyrus Chess
by Tandy (Cat. No. 26-3064). It worked fine
on our CoCo 2 but not so with CoCo 3. Do
you know of a patch or some way of making
it compatible with our new CoCo 3? We
appreciate any information you can give us.

George R. Freitag
4501 S. Ocean Blvd., D-2
Palm Beach, Florida 33480

REQUEST HOTLINE

Editor:

While cleaning my desk off, I found the
128K RAM chips left over from my 512K
upgrade. I began thinking about how I could
make use of these rather than let them sit in
storage. When I am programming in C, I
load the compiler into memory and put the
source files in a RAM disk supplied with the
Development Pak. Because of memory
restrictions, I can only have the 96K driver.
I would like both a bigger RAM drive and
more internal memory (Multi- Vue requires
a good size portion of memory).

Just a few days ago I was going through
my back issues of RAINBOW and saw your
article on clever uses for memory. How
about the same type of project: 256- or 512-
byte memory area that would work as a
RAM disk under OS-9 Level II? I sketched
out some rough schematics for one, but I
lack the skill, money and resource materials
for the various chips. It seems a workable
idea either as an expansion board for Disto's
Super Controllers or the MPI. I don't have
either, though, so I would prefer it to be
hard-wired in.

It is just another idea that may be of use
to someone. Thanks for your time, and keep
up the good work.

Jason McCampbell
St. Johns, Michigan

Golf or Pool Anyone?

Editor:

I own a 512K CoCo 3 with an RGB
monitor, two FD-501 disk drives, a Multi-
pak Interface, a DMP-105 printer and am
also a subscriber to the best computer
magazine money can buy — RAINBOW.

I have upgraded my computer to 512K
and would like some software that will take
full advantage of it, I'm specifically inter-
ested in golf and pool games, which are not
as popular as space, Pac-Man and maze
games, etc. I simply want to suggest to
advertisers and program writers that it
would be nice to have some different games.

I speak on behalf of several members of
the Cornwall Color Computer Club in
thanking RAINBOW for a priceless maga-
zine.

Dave Malyon
Cornwall, Ontario

KUDOS

Editor:

I would like to express my gratitude to
two companies who advertise in your mag-
azine. First, my hat is off to Dayton Asso-
ciates for its fast service. After placing my
order by phone, I was told that the order
would be in about a week after Thanksgiv-
ing. Well, lo and behold, two days before
Thanksgiving, my printer was at my door.
And I received no problems with the mer-
chandise.

Secondly, I would like to thank Computer
Plus for its fine service. During the past two
years, I have purchased two CoCo 3s and a
CM-8 monitor there. Each time I ordered,
my product arrived promptly and in good
condition.

I believe good, friendly and fast service is
what makes people come back for more.
Thanks again, Dayton Associates and Com-
puter Plus!

Boisy Pitre
Brookhaven, Mississippi

Quick Fix

Editor:

I've bought your magazine every month
now for the past two years, and it's helped
me in so many ways. Well, youVe done it
again, RAINBOW. Thank you.

This past Christmas I received Tandy's
Home Publisher software program. I
couldn't wait to try it out, but to my dismay,
the program would not print out on a DMP-
130 printer. I then picked up January's issue
of the RAINBOW and on Page 6 in Letters
to the RAINBOW was a letter describing the

same problem.

I received the fix the following Monday,
patched it in and the Home Publishers
program works just fine.

Once again this proves that your maga-
zine is not only entertaining, but it keeps us
all well informed. Thank you for your help.

I would also like to thank Tandy for the
fix and the fast service.

Ronald H. Roberts
Brandon, Wisconsin

Keep Those Back Issues

Editor:

When I got my CoCo 2 about three years
ago, I immediately began buying RAINBOW
magazines. I was completely lost on every-
thing in the magazine short of the advertise-
ments for games. Slowly I learned BASIC
and began going over old issues looking for
things to type in. With your help I began to
learn more about the CoCo, and as I did I
found myself continually going back over
old issues looking for articles to apply my
new-found knowledge.

Surprisingly, this cycle never stops. Re-
cently I found myself poring over RAIN-
BOWS searching for articles on machine
language and am just beginning to under-
stand and apply some simple projects from
the "Turn of the Screw" column. Just last
week I opened up my new CoCo 3 and find
myself today grabbing those old issues,
looking for tips and software to apply to my
new machine. The future of my old maga-
zines looks bright as I move to new horizons
such as OS-9 and other aspects that today
only bring confusion.

Many thanks to the THE RAINBOW for
the vast volumes of information that you
work so hard to bring the experts and those
of us who will one day be experts.

Douglas Berry
Nitro, West Virginia

THE rainbow welcomes letters to
the editor. Mail should be addressed
to: Letters to Rainbow, The Falsoft
Building, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY
40059. Letters should include the
writer's full name and address. Letters
may be edited for purposes of clarity
or to conserve space.

Letters to the editor may also be
sent to us through our Delphi CoCo
SIG. From the CoCo SIG> prompt,
type Rfl I to take you into the Rainbow
Magazine Services area of the SIG. At
the R AINBO W> prompt, type LET to
reach the LETTERS> prompt and
then select Letters for Publication. Be
sure to include your complete name
and address.

8 THE RAINBOW April 1989

Word
Power 3.2

More Versatile • More Powerful With
Spooler • Calculator • Split-screen • 2-Column Printing

"... friendfy...amazing execu-
tion speed...much easier to use
than VIP software & 2 other
word processing systems I've
tried...very user-friendly... mas-
sive text storage capacity
...highest among word proces-
sors..." - Rainbow Oct. 88
Review for Word Power

Unparalleled Power packed in this 100% ML Word Processor
written from scratch for the CoCo 3! No other word processor
offers such a wide array of features that are easy to learn & use.

Word Power 3.2 runs at double-clock speed
and uses the true 80-column display with
lowercase instead of the graphics screen. The
result is lightning fast screen reformatting and
added speed! All prompts are displayed in
plain English in neat colored windows. The current column num-
ber, line number, page number, percentage of free memory is dis-
played at all times. Even the page break is displayed so you know
where one page ends and the other begins. The Setup program
allows you to change fore/background colors as well as (in) visible
carriage returns. Word Power 3.2 can be used with RGB/Com-
posite/Monochrome monitors as well as TV.

MAXIMUM MEMORY

Word Power 3.2 gives you over 72K on 128K and over
450K on 512K CoCo 3 for Text Storage - more
memory than any other CoCo word-processor.
Period.

Ti'*'ffi*ft*^r*''''*******'**»*'*^^

EFFORTLESS EDITING

Word Power 3.2 has one of the most powerful and user-friendly
full-screen editor with word-wrap. All you do is type. Word
Power takes care of the text arrangement. The unique Auto-Save
feature saves text to disk at regular intervals for peace of mind.

Insert/Overstrike Mode (Cursor Style Changes to indicate mode);OOPS Recall
during delete;Type-ahead Buffer for fast typers;Key-Repeat (adjustable); Key-
Click; 4-way cursorand scrolling; Cursor to beginning/end of text, beginning/end
of line, top/bottom of screen, next/previous word; Page up/down; Delete charac-
ter, previous/next word, to beginning/end of line, complete line, text before/after
cursor; Locate/Replace with Wild-Card Search with auto/manual replace; Block
Mark, Unmark, Copy, Move & Delete; Line Positioning (Center/Right Jus-
tified); Set/Reset 120 programmable tab stops; Word-Count; Define Top/Bot-
tom/Le ft/Right margins & page length. You can also highlight text
(underline-with on-screen underlining, bold, italics, superscripts, etc.). Word
Power even has a HELP screen which an be accessed any time during edit.

SPLIT-SCREEN EDITING

Splits the screen in half so you can view one portion of your text
while you edit another. You'll love it!

MAIL- MERGE

> ;*ra;*;* ;-;-;-fr^

□

Ever try mailing out the same letter to 50 different
people? Could be quite a chore. Not with Word
Power 3.2! Using this feature, you can type a letter,
follow it with a list of addresses and have Word Power
print out personalized letters. It's that easy!

' .W. ' .'.'.TO. ' l C' . ' iWA'A ' A ' .'. 1 :*.*.' ' J ' ''' W

CALCULATOR

Pop-up a 4-function calculator while you edit! Great for tables!

SAVING/LOADING TEXT WMBMBBBSMBM

Word Power 3.2 creates ASCII format files which are compatible
with almost all terminal/spell-checking & other word-processing
programs. Allows you to Display Free Space, Load, Save, Ap-
pend & Kill files. The ARE YOU SURE? prompt prevents ac-
cidental overwriting & deletion. You can select fdes by simply
cursoring through the disk directory. Supports double-sided
drives & step-rates.

PRINTING

Word Power 3.2 drives almost any printer (DMP, EPSON,
GEMINI, OKIDATA, etc). Allows options such as baud rates,
line spacing, page/print pause, partial print, page number-
ing/placement, linefeeds, multi-line headers/footers, right jus-
tification & number of copies. The values of these parameters &
margins can be changed anytime in the text by embedding Printer
Option Codes. The WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU GET fea-
ture allows you to preview the text on the screen as it will appear
in print. You can view margins, page breaks, justification & more.

y.'.'.'.v.v.y.y.v.v.

ft*:*:*:*:

PRINT SPOOLER

Why buy a hardware Print Spooler? Word Power 3.2 has a built-
in Spooler which allows you to simultaneously edit one document
& print another.

TWO-COLUMN PRINTING ^^^^^^^^^mm

This unique feature allows you to print all or portion of your text
in two columns! Create professional documents without hours
of aligning text.

•■ ■• : ■: .• ■ : ■ ■: ■ : :■ ■. .■ ■ .- •. .• ■ . . •. •:

SPELLING CHECKER

Word Power 3.2 comes with spelling checker/dic-
tionary which finds & corrects mistakes in your
text. You can add words to /delete words from
dictionary.

PUNCTUATION CHECKER

This checker will proofread your text for punctuation errors such
as capitalization, double-words, spaces after periods/commas,
and more. Its the perfect addition to any word processor.

■:«;«.'.'.u.'.«aw.'.'.'.».'.w.'.'.'.«.v

W.'.VIWI'.'AW. ' .W.V. ' . ' .

DOCUMENTATION

Word Power 3.2 comes with a well-written instruction manual &
reference card which makes writing with Word
Power a piece of cake! Word Power 3.2 comes on an
UNPROTECTED disk and is compatible with
RSDOS. Only $79.95

(Word Power 3.1 owners can get Word Power 3.2 Upgrade FREE by sending
proof of purchase & $5.00 to cover S&H costs & instructions)

DI/CtVER

JhJF MICROCOM SOFTWARE

All Word Power 3.2 orders shipped by UPS Next Day Air at no extra charge within
the Continental US. Offer good thru January 15, 1989.

To Order: Refer to rage 17 of our 6-page ad scries: (Pgs. 9-17)

Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

CoCo's

Canadian Future

^ f Tnless you live in Canada, you may not know that Radio Shack
intends to end sales of our favorite computer in that country as
-L- ! ' soon as supplies are gone. During the holiday season a special sale
was held at which CoCo 3s went for $99.95 Canadian — so cheap it defies
description.

(As I write this, a Canadian dollar is worth 85 cents U.S., which is
stronger than it has been. This means, of course, the price of a Canadian
CoCo is about $84 U.S. However, the reverse applies when you buy an
American product — which the CoCo is — in Canada. And INTERTAN,
the company that operates Radio Shack in Canada now, has to pay in U.S.
dollars for CoCos. Thus, the price of a Color Computer (or any computer,
for that matter) is higher in Canada than in the United States.)

I have received letters from some concerned readers and have been
making replies as quickly as possible. To put this into perspective, I thought
you would be interested in seeing one of the replies.

Please note the points I make about continued support, probable
continued software product development (through the United States) and,
perhaps most important, the address of INTERTAN in Canada. If you
are unhappy with this decision, it is your right to let them know.

Dear Tony:

The information you have from your local Radio Shack authorized
dealer is right: INTERTAN — not Tandy Corporation — is clearing out
all Color Computers in Canada for $99.95 in your funds.

More than a year ago t INTERTAN came into being. Before that, Tandy
in Canada and Tandy in the United States were the same company,
although the Canadian part was a subsidiary. Then Tandy spun off a
company called INTERTAN, which has its own officers and its own stock
and makes its own decisions. One of those decisions was to end sales of
the Color Computer in Canada.

One of the main reasons for this is that Canadians have long been able
to buy Color Computers in the United States much less expensively than

THE RAINBOW April 1989

COLOR
(SCHEMATIC

Best Desktop Publishing / Document
Creator for the CoCo 3. Features Pull
Down Menus, What You See Is What You
Get , UNDO, integrated text & graphics
capability , multiple fonts & more.
Graphics can be imported from CoCo
Max I,mn, MGE, MGF, 5 Level DS-69,
PMODE 4, HSCREEN 2/3 pictures. Sup-
ports: DMP 105/130, EPSON
MX/FX/RXLX/ Gemini 10 Series, CGP-
220 and OKI-92. Only $79.95

VIP CALC III

Best Spreadsheet for your CoCo 3.
Features 4 color menus,
32/40/64/80 column display, 2 Mhz
speed & more. Allows up to 1024
rows x 512 columns. VIP Calc III
also has up to 16 windows, trig,
averaging, sorting, algebraic &
sorting functions. Locate, block
move/copy commands & limitless
programmable functions. Works
with any printer. Only $69.95

Font Disk #1,#2 for CoCo Graphics
Designer: $19.95 each

GAMES

(Disk only)

(CoCo 1,2 & 3 except where mentioned)

WARRIOR KING (CoCo 3): $29.95
IN QUEST OF STAR LORD(Animatcd Graphics Adventure
for CoCo 3): $34.95 Hint Sheet: $3.95
HALL OF THE KING 1,2,3: $29.95 Each Trilogy: $74.95
FLIGHT 16: $34.95
I>YRAMIX(Cubbc for CoCo 3): $24.95
KUNG FU DUDE: $24.95
DRAGON BLADE: $19.95
CHAMPION: $19.95
WHITE FIRE OF ETERNITY: $19.95
QUEST FOR THE SPIRIT STONE (CoCo 3): $18
WARGAME DESIGNER (CoCo 3): $29
TREASURY PACK#1: Lunnr Rover Patrol, Cubix, Declathon,
Qix, keys of Wizard, Module Man, Pengon, & Roller Con-
troller.Only $29.95

TREASURY PACK #2: Lancer, Ms. Gobbler, Froggie, Mad^
ness & Minotaur, Ice Castles, Galagon, Devious. Only $29.95
SPACE PAC: Color Zap, Invaders, Planet Invasion, Space
Race, Space War, Galax Attax, Anaroid Attack, Whirlybird,
Space Sentry & Storm Arrows. Only $29.95
VVIZARD'S CASTLE: A hi-res graphics adventure game filled
with traps, tricks, treasures. Only $19.95

By Prakash Mishra

An excellent Circuit Schematic Design
Software Package for CoCo 3. Features:

* Runs in 640x192 at 1.8 Mhz

* Pull Down Menus

* Keyboard/Mouse/Joystck Support

* RGB/ Composite/Monochrome
Monitor Support

* 72 Modifiable Symbols

* Multiple Hi-Res Fonts

* Multiple UNDO Command

* Symbol Rotate/Line/Box Draw

* Supports 3 Layers of Circuits

* Powerful Screen Print Command
DMP/Gemini/Epson Printers

* Complete Documentation

Only $39.95

for

RSB

A Revolutionary Program lhal allows you
to use Basic Programs from OS9!

OS9 Level 2 is the future of the CoCo. Un-
fortunately, most Basic Programmers are
"afraid" of using OS9 because it is dif-
ferent from Basic. Introducing RSB! It al-
lows you to run Basic from OS9 and take
advantage of features such as multitask-
ing, no-halt floppies and high speed
operation. RSB is your first step intoOS9l
Req. OS9 Level II. Only $39.95

The ancient game of strategy moves into
the future. HSCREEN 2 for normal play,
HSCREEN 4 for triple level play. Move
your pieces through time as well as space.
Req. RSDOS 128K CoCo 3 and 2 Players.
Disk Only $24.95

ULTRAPATCH SYSTEM

by Randall Reid

Patches the Superpatch EDT ASM + ®
for 80 columns, 47K Buffer (ap-
proximately 3000 lines!) & more. Req
CoCo 3. Only $19.95

XENOCOPY-PC

An amazingly versatile program that allows you to Format/Duplicate / Read/
Write disks from over 300 different computers. For example you could trans-
ferprograms between CoCo, IBM, PC-DOS, TRS-80 Model 3, TRS-80 Model
4, TRS-80 Model 100, Xerox 820, Zenith, Kaypro II, Novell , NEC DOS and
much much more!! Send for FREE List. Requires an IBM Compatible with 2
drives. Disk $79.95.

512K BACKUP LIGHTNING

(From Colorventure)

The ultimate CoCo 3 disk copying utility!! Reads your master diskette once
and then makes as many copies as you want. It automatically formats an un-
formatted disk while copying! Supports 35, 40 or 80 track drives with various
step rates. A must for any disk user!! Only $19.95

PRINTER LIGHTNING

(From Colorventure)

Never wait for your printer again!! This Print Spooler allows you to print to
your printer and simultaneously continue with your programming. No need to
wait for those long printouts! Disk Only $19.95

BASIC FREEDOM

A Full Screen Editor for Basic Programs! ! A Must foranyone who writes Basic
Programs. Only $24.95

VOCAL FREEDOM

Turn your computer into a digital voice / sound recorder. Produces natural
voices/ sound effects. Req. inexpensive RS Amplifier (#277-1008) & any
microphone. Only $34.95

HACKER'S PAC

Allows you to incorporate voices created by Vocal Freedom into your own
Basic and ML programs. Only $14.95

MICROCOM SOFTWARE

"A MERICA

[EXPRESS!

To Order: Refer to Page 17 of our 6-page ad series: (Pgs. 9-17)

Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

Order Status, Info, Technical Info: 716-383-8830

in Canada because of the difference in
the value of currency. (That, by the way,
is one of the reasons we have to charge
more for Canadian subscriptions than
those in the United States.) Because of
this, actual "in- Canada" sales (as op-
posed to sales to Canadians) have
always lagged behind those in the Unit-
ed States.

Although you will not be able to buy
a Color Computer from an official
Radio Shack dealer in Canada after the
inventory is gone, you will, of course,
be able to buy one through an author-
ized dealer or Radio Shack store in the
United States. Further, I feel certain
support — in the form of more hard-
ware and software — for your Color
Computer will continue in Canada,
certainly from the third-party advertis-
ers you see in THE RAINBOW, but also
from INTERTAN.

INTERTAN is experimenting with a
number of marketing proposals at this
time. This is but one decision it has
made that is very different from that of
Tandy Corporation in the United
States. Indeed, Tandy is not only con-
tinuing to sell our Co Co but is also
manufacturing more of them for sale in
the future.

I really want to emphasize this to you,
Tony, and to anyone you may happen
to discuss it with: The CoCo is not only
still being sold, but is still being manu-
factured in the United States by Tandy
for sale in the future. But, even were —
and I must emphasize the word were —
the CoCo no longer to be manufactured
even in the United States, the history of
Tandy Corporation is to continue to
support computers which it no longer
actively sells. This means several things:
support, software and hardware prod-
ucts, and — most important — service.
I would assume INTERTAN will follow
this policy.

Finally, since Tandy is still making
CoCos, INTERTAN might well at
some time in the future buy them from
Tandy again (which is where it gets
them) and sell them again. If you want
to encourage INTERTAN to do this,
you can write to the company at 279
Bayview Drive, P. O. Box 34000, Bar-
rie, ONL4M4W5, Canada.

You will get good use from your
CoCo for a long time to come!

Sincerely,

Lawrence C. Folk

As a footnote to all this, Tandy's
"overseas" operations (now INTER-
TAN) have always been somewhat
different, and they appear to be getting
more so. We hear reports that some
places are "experimenting" with items
such as refrigerators and washing ma-
chines in their stores. Others, we hear,
are selling such products as JVC and
RCA video and audio equipment —
some in addition to Tandy equipment,
some in place of it.

It will be interesting to see whether
making the overseas Radio Shack
stores different works out for Tandy
and INTERTAN — and whether the
agreement between Canada and the
United States to lower trade barriers
between the two countries has a signif-
icant effect on computer hardware and
software sales. Personally I think they
will, and my comment in the letter
above, that INTERTAN may well begin
to sell the CoCo again, is not merely
wishful thinking.

— Lonnie Falk

METRIC INDUSTRIES, INC.

i.1j**^t \ *\r -pit ^^^^^m.
Q >n Mnum«M<u ©

nam. »» w«»

'JUKI. »"K}»Tl<«9 UTtunv

! !!! P*;? ^WMtvrsI 1 : C*BSET7E$. :

ri£-
txata

•j

Model 101

Serial to Parallel Printer Interface

* Works with any COCO

* Compatible with "Centronics" Parallel Input Printers

* Just turn the knob to select any one of 6 baud rates 300-9600

* Comes complete with cables to connect to your printer
and computer

* Can be powered by most printers

Model 104 Deluxe Interface
with "Modem Switch"

* Same Features as 1 01 Plus

* Built in Serial Port for your Modem or other serial device

* Switch between Serial Output and Parallel Output

* Comes with cables to connect to your computer and printer

* Can be powered by most printers

Model 105 Serial Switch

* Connects to your COCO to give you 2 switch selectable
Serial Ports

* Comes with a 3 foot cable to connect to your computer

* Now you can connect your Printer (or printer interface)
and your Modem (or other serial device) to your COCO
and flip the switch to use either device

* Does not require power

Cassette Label Printing Program

* New Version 2.1 prints 7 lines of information
on Cassette labels

* Comes on Tape with instructions to transfer to disk

* Menu driven, very easy to use

* Save and Load Labels from Tape and Disk

* Uses the features of your printer to print standard,
expanded, and condensed characters

* Automatically Centers Each Line of Text

* Allows editing of label before printing

* Program comes with 24 labels to get you started

* 16KECB required

Some of the Printers
That Can -

Supply power for the 101 and
104 are Radio Shack, Star,
Okidata, Brother, Juki, and
Smith Corona.

Some of the Printers
That Cannot -

Supply power for the interfaces
are Epson, Seikosha,
Panasonic, Silver Reed and
NEC. If your printer cannot
supply power to the interface
you can order your interface
with the "P" option or you can
supply your own AC adapter.
We recommend the Radio
Shack 273-1431 AC adapter
with a 274-328 connector
adapter.

Write or call for more
information or for technical
assistance.

Price List

Model 101 35.95
Model 1 01 P 41.95
Model 104 44.95
Model 104P 51.95
Model 105 14.95
Cassette Label Program 6.95
Pin Feed Cassette Labels:
White 3.00/100
Colors (specify) 3.60/C
Red-Blue-Yellow-Tan

4 Pin Din Serial
COCO Cables:

Male/Male 6 foot
Male/Female 6 foot
Female/Female 6 foot
Other Lengths Available.

All items covered by a
1 year warranty

4.49
4.49
4.49

Ordering Info

* Free Shipping in the

U.S.A. (except AK and HI)
on all orders over $50

* On orders under $50
please add $2.50 for
shipping and handling

* On orders outside the
U.S.A. please write or call
for shipping charges

You Can Pay By:

★ VISA or MasterCard

★ C.O.D.-add$2.25

★ Or send check or money
order payable in U.S. funds

Metric Industries Inc.
P.O. Box 42396
Cincinnati, OH 45242

(513) 677-0796

THE RAINBOW April 1 989

CoCo 3 Utilities Galore

(CoCo 2 Versions included where specified)
(All Programs are for RSDOS unless specified)

SUPER TAPE/DISK
TRANSFER

* Disk-to-Disk Copy * Tape-to-Disk Copy

* Tape-to-Disk Auto Relocate

* Disk-to-Tape Copy * Tape-to-Tape Copy
Copies Basic/ML/Data Files. CoCo 1,2 or 3.
Req. min. 64K Disk System. Disk Only $24.95

CEBBS

Best DBS for CoCo 3. Xmodem Up/Downloading,
unlimited menus, login, message base, built-in
clock/calendar, execution of external programs.
Sysop has full control of user's accss to menus, lime
on system & remote system access. Full Error Trap-
ping. IlypcrlO Compatible! Reg. $59.95. Intro. Spe-
cial $49.95. Min Req CoCo 3, 1 Drive, RS232 Pack.

DISK UTILITY 2.1 A

A multi-featured tool for USER FRIENDLY
disk handling. Utilize a directory window to
selectively sort, move, rename & kill file entries.
Lightning fast Disk I/O for format, copy& back-
up. Single key execution of Basic/ML programs.
This will become your MOST USED program ! !
CoCo 1,2 or 3. Req. Min. 64K. Disk Only $24.95

MAILLIST PRO

The ultimate mailing list program. Allows you
to add, edit, view, delete, change, sort (by zip-
code or name) and print labels. Its indispen-
sible!! Disk $19.95 (CoCo 2 version included)

DISK LABEL MAKER

Allows you to design professional disk labels!
Allows elongated, normal and condensed for-
mat for text. Double Strike, Border Creation,
and multiple label printing. Its a MUST for any
user with a disk drive. Supports DMP
105/106/110/120/ 130/430, GEMINI, STAR,
EPSON and compatibles. (CoCo 2 version in-
cluded). Only $19.95

COCO UTILIIrco^

(Latest Version): Transfer CoCo Disk files to
IBM compatible computer and vica-versa. Re-
quires 2-Drive IBM Compatible. Disk $39.95

RGB PATCH

Displays most games in color on RGB monitors.
CoCo 3 Disk $24.95

COMPUTERIZED
CHECKBOOK ir

Why bother with balancing your checkbook?
Let the CoCo do it for you. Allows you to add,
view, search, edit, change, delete and printout
(in a table/individual entry format) checkbook
entries. Updates balance after each entry. Al-
lows files for checking, savings, and other ac-
counts. Disk $19.95. (CoCo2 version included)

BOWLING SCORE
KEEPER

An excellent utility to keep track of your bowl-
ing scores. Allows you to save scores under in-
dividuals or teams. You can edit change, delete,
and compare scores. A must for anyone who
wants to keep track of his or her bowling perfor-
mance. Disk $19.95 (CoCo 2 version included)

VCR TAPE ORGANIZER

Organize your videotapes with this progiam.
Allows you to index tapes by title, rating, type,
play time and comments. Also allows you to sort
titles alphabetically & view/print selected tapes.
If you own a VCR, this program is a MUST!!
Disk $19.95 (CoCo 2 version included)

COCO 3 SCREEN DUMP

32, 40, 80 column text dump, PMODE 4
Graphics Dump. Single Keystroke Operation al -
lows you to take snapshots of your screens even
when programs are running! Works on DMP's,
Epson, Gemini and compatibles. CoCo 1, 2 and
3. Disk $24.95

HOME BILL MANAGER mz

Let the CoCo keep track of your bills. Allows
you to enter bills under various categories and
reminds you when they are due. Disk $19.95

CALENDAR MAKER

- -
■

«»«'»»*»
i ■ n « a « ;

M a u m M tl M

Generate monthly calendars on your printer for
any year in the 20th century. Disk Only $19.95
(CoCo 2 version included)

ADOS 3

Advanced disk operating system for CoCo 3.
Comes on disk and is EPROMable!! Disk
$34.95. ADOS (for CoCo 1,2): $27.95

FAMERiCA

EXPRESS

0llt#/ER

Start OS9

An Enjoyable Hands-on Guide to OS9 Level II. In-
cludes step-by-step tutorials, articles. Free disk in-
cludes examples & utilities. Req. 512K, Level 11,2
drives & monitor. Book + Disk: $32.95

The Zapper: Patch Disk Errors. $19.95
Disk Manager Tree: Change, create & delete
directories quickfy. Req. 512KLII. $29.95
Level II Tools: Wildcards, tree commands, win-
dowing & 22 more utilities. 128K Req. $24.95
Warp One: Complete LII Windowing, Terminal,
Auto Dial, macros, file transfer, capture,timer,chat,
etc. Req. 512K. Only $34.95

Multi-Menu: Create your own pull-down menus.
Req. 512K & OS9 Level II. $19.95
OS9 Level II BBS 2.0: Supports multiple users.
Tsnion, Login, chat, Message/Mail Retrieval,
Uloadx,Dloadx & much more! Req. 512K. $29.95

XWord: Best OS9 Word Processor with true
character oriented editing & more. $69.95
XMerge: Mail Merge for Xword: $24.95
Xs pell: Spelling Checker, 40000 words. $39.95
XEd: OS9 Full Screen Editor. $39.95
XI) is: OS-9 Disassembler. $34.95
XTerm: Communications pro. w/ Up/download,
xmodem,serial /RS232 pack support. $49.95
XDir & XCal: Hierarchial Dir. & Caic. $24.95

OS9 Level II RAMDISK: Must for any Level
II user. Req512K. $29.95

GSC File Transfer Utilities: Transfer files

to & from MSDOS/OS9/RSDOS & Flex. Req. OS9
(LII for Multivue Version),2 drives,
SDISK/SDISK3. Standard Version: $44.95. Multi-
vue Version: $54.95

PC-Xfer Utilities: Programs to format/transfer
files to/from MSDOS diskettes to CoCo Under
Level 1 & 2. Requires SDISK or SDISK 3. $44.95
SD1SK 3: Standard drive module replacement al-
lows full use of 40/80 track double -sided drives. Req.
OS9 Level II. $29.95. SDISK: $29.95

Wild & MV Version 2.1: Use "wildcards" with
OS9 & re-arrange directory tree, $19.95
EZGen Version 1.04: Powerful OS9 bootfile
editor. Change names, add/delete modules, patch
bylcs, etc. $19.95

WIZ: Terminal Package with 300-19200 baud
rates/windowing. Req 512K & RS232 Pack. $79.95

DYNASTAR: Word Processor with Macros, ter-
niina Is/windows, mail-merge & more. Only $99.95
DYNASPELL: S79.95
Both Dynastar & DynaSpell: $124.95

MICROCOM SOFTWARE

To Order: Refer to Page 17 of our 6-pagc ad scries: (Pgs. 947)

Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

Order Status, Info, Technical Info: 716-383-8830

Odd ff©

How To Read Rainbow

When we use the term CoCo, we refer to an affection-
ate name that was first given to the Tandy Color
Computer by its many fans, users and owners.

The basic program listings printed in the rain-
bow are formatted for a 32-character screen — so they
show up just as they do on your CoCo screen. One easy
way to check on the accuracy of your typing is to com-
pare what character "goes under" what. If the charac-
ters match — and your line endings come out the same
— you have a pretty good way of knowing that your
typing is accurate.

We also have "key boxes" to show you the minimum
system a program needs. But, do read the text before
you start typing.

Finally, the little disk and/or cassette symbols on the
table of contents and at the beginning of articles
indicate that the program is available through our

RAINBOW ON DISKOrRAINBOWON TAPE service.

Using Machine Language

The easiest way to "put" a machine language program
into memory is to use an editor/assembler, a program
you can purchase from a number of sources. All you
have to do, essentially, is copy the relevant instructions
from the rainbow's listing into CoCo.

Another method of putting an ML listing into CoCo
is called "hand assembly" — assembly by hand, which
sometimes causes problems with ORlGlNor EQUATE
statements. You ought to know something about
assembly to try this.

Use the following program if you want to hand-
assemble ML listings:

10 CLEAR200,&H3F00:I=&H3FB0

20 PRINT "ADDRE55:~;HEX$(I);

30 INPUT "BYTE";B$

40 POKE I, VAL("&H"+B$)

50 I=I+l:GOTO 20

This program assumes you have a 16K CoCo. If you
have 32K, change the &H3F00 in Line 10 to &H7F00
and change the value of I to &H7F80.

OS-9 and RAINBOW ON DISK

The OS-9 side of rainbow on disk contains two
directories: cmds and source. It also contains a file,
read . me . f i rs t, which explains the division of the
two directories. The cmds directory contains executa-
ble programs and the source directory contains the
ASCII source code for these programs. BASicog
programs will only be offered in source form so they will
only be found in the source directory.

OS-9 is a very powerful operating system. Because
of this, it is not easy to learn at first. However, while we
can give specific instructions for using the OS-9

programs, you will find that the OS-9 programs will be
of little use unless you are familiar with the operating
system. For this reason, if you haven't "learned" OS-9
or are not comfortable with it, we suggest you read The
Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9 by Dale Puckett and
Peter Dibble.

The following is not intended as a course in OS-9. It
merely states how to get the OS-9 programs from
rainbow on disk to your OS-9 system disk. Use
the procedures appropriate for your system. Before
doing so, however, boot the OS-9 operating system
according to the documentation from Radio Shack.

1 ) Type load d i r l i s t copy and press enter.

2) If you have only one disk drive, remove the OS-9
system disk from Drive 0 and replace it with the OS-
9 side of rainbow on disk. Then type chd/d0
and press enter. If you have two disk drives, leave
the sytem master in Drive 0 and put the rainbow
on disk in Drive 1. Then type chd/dl and press

ENTER.

3) List the read . me . f i rs t file to the screen by typing
list read.me.f irst and pressing ENTER.

4) Entering dir will give you a directory of the OS-9
side of rainbow ON disk. To see what programs
are in the CMDS directory, enter di r cmds. Follow
a similar method to see what source files are in the
SOURCE directory.

5) When you find a program you want to use, copy it
to the CMDS directory on your system disk with one
of the following commands:

One-drive system: copy /d0/cmds/ filename 'd0/
cmds/filename -s

The system will prompt you to alternately place the
source disk (rainbow on disk) or the destination
disk (system disk) in Drive 0.
Two-drive system: copy /di /cmds/ filename /d0/
cmds/ filename

Once you have copied the program, you execute it
from your system master by placing that disk in Drive
0 and entering the name of the file.

The Rainbow Seal

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

The Rainbow Certification Seal is our way of helping
you, the consumer. The purpose of the Seal is to certify
to you that any product that carries the Seal has actually
been seen by us, that it does, indeed, exist and that we
have a sample copy here at the rainbow.

Manufacturers of products— hardware, software and
firmware — are encouraged by us to submit their prod-
ucts to the rainbow for certification.

The Seal is not a "guarantee of satisfaction." The
certification process is different from the review
process. You are encouraged to read our reviews to
determine whether the product is right for your needs.

There is absolutely no relationship between advertis-
ing in the rainbow and the certification process.
Certification is open and available to any product per-

taining to CoCo. A Seal will be awarded to any com-
mercial product, regardless of whether the firm adver-
tises or not.

We will appreciate knowing of instances of violation
of Seal use.

Rainbow Check Plus

The small box accompanying a program listing in
the rainbow is a "check sum" system, which is
designed to help you type in programs accurately.

Rainbow Check PLUS counts the number and values
of characters you type in. You can then compare the
number you get to those printed in the rainbow.
On longer programs, some benchmark lines are given.
When you reach the end of one of those lines with your
typing, simply check to see if the numbers match.

To use Rainbow Check PLUS, type in the program
and save it for later use, then type in the command RUN
and press enter. Once the program has run, type NEW
and press enter to remove it from the area where the
program you're typing in will go.

Now, while keying in a listing from the rainbow,
whenever you press the down arrow key, your CoCo
gives the check sum based on the length and content
of the program in memory. This is to check against the
numbers printed in the rainbow. If your number is
different, check the listing carefully to be sure you typed
in the correct basic program code. For more details
on this helpful utility, refer to H. Allen Curtis' article on
Page 21 of the February 1984 rainbow.

Since Rainbow Check PLUS counts spaces and
punctuation, be sure to type in the listing exactly the
way it's given in the magazine.

10 CLS:X=256*PEEK(35)+17B

20 CLEAR 25,X-1

30 X=256*PEEI< (35J+17B

40 FOR Z=X TO X+77

50 READ Y:W=W+Y:PRINT Z,Y;U

60 POKE Z,Y:NEXT

70 IFU=7985THEN80ELSEPRINT

"DATA ERROR": STOP
B0 EXEC X:END

90 DATA 182, 1, 106, 167, 140, 60, 134
100 DATA 126, 183, 1, 106, 190, 1, 107
110 DATA 175, 140, 50, 4B, 140, 4, 191
120 DATA 1, 107, 57, 129, 10, 38, 38
130 DATA 52, 22, 79, 158, 25, 230, 129
140 DATA 39, 12, 171, 12B, 171, 128
150 DATA 230, 132, 3B, 250, 4B, 1, 32
160 DATA 240, 183, 2, 222, 48, 140, 14
170 DATA 159, 166, 166, 132, 2B, 254
180 DATA 189, 173, 198, 53, 22, 126, 0
190 DATA 0, 135, 255, 134, 40, 55
200 DATA 51, 52, 41, 0

14 THE RAINBOW April 1 989

Books That Can Launch A 1000 Programs!!

Pokes, Peeks and Execs are your guides into the jungle of computer programming. These commands give you the power of
Machine Language without leaving the security of BASIC. Each book is a collection of "inside" information, with explanations
and examples to help you immediately put it to use. Everyone from the novice to the professional will find these handy books a
wealth of information. pQ|^£g

PEEKS,'N EXECS

300 POKES,
PEEKS, 'N EXECS
for COCO III

*40/80 column Screen Text Dump
*Save Text/Graphics Screen to Disk
•Command/Functions Disables
•Enhancements for CoCo3 BASIC
♦128K/512K RAM Test Program
•HPRINT Character Modifier

Only $19.95

•Autostart your BASIC programs
•Disable Color BASIC/ECB/Disk BASIC
commands

•Disable Break Key/ Clear Key/ Reset Button
•Generate a Repeat -key
•Transfer ROMPAKs to tape
•Set 23 different GRAPHIC modes
•Merge two BASIC programs
•And much much more!!!

For CoCo 1,2 and 3. Only $16.95
ALL 3 BOOKS for $39,95

SUPPLEMENT TO 500
POKES,PEEKS 5 'N EXECS

200 additional Pokes,Peeks and Execs (500

Pokes Peeks 'N Execs is a prerequisite)

•ROMPAK transfer to disk

•PAINT with 65000 styles

•Use of 40 track single/double sided drives

•High-speed Cassette Operation

•Telewriter, CoCo Max enhancements

* Graphics Dump (for DMP printers) /Text

Screen Dump

For CoCo 1,2 or 3. Only $9.95

COCO LIBRARY

An invaluable aid for Basic and Machine Language programmers, these
books provide a complete disassembly and annotated listing of the
BASIC/ECB and Disk ROMs. These listings give complete, uninterupted
memory maps of the four ROMs. Gain complete control over all versions of
the color computer.

EXTENDED COLOR BASIC UNRAVELLED: COLOR
BASIC and EXTENDED BASIC ROM Disassembly: $39.95
DISK BASIC UNRAVELLED: DISK BASIC ROM 1.1 and
1.0 Disassembly : $19.95

BOTH ECB AND DISK BASIC UNRAVELLED: $49.95
SUPER EXTENDED BASIC UNRAVELLED: SUPER EX-
TENDED BASIC ROM Disassembly for CoCo 3. $24.95
COMPLETE UNRAVELLED SERIES (all 3 books): $59.95

CoCo 3 Service Manual: $39.95
CoCo 2 Service Manual: $29.95
Inside OS9 Level II: $39.95 %g.
Rainbow Guide To OS9 Level H: $19.95
Rainbow Guide To OS9 II (disk): $19.95
Complete Guide To OS9 (Level 1): $19.95
Complete Guide To OS9 (2 Disk): $29.95
CoCo 3 Secrets Revealed: $19.95
Basic Programming Tricks: $12.95
Assembly Language Programming(tepco): $18

Addendum For CoCo3 (tepco): $12
Color Computer Disk Manual (with ref card): $29.95
Start OS-9 (Book & Disk): $32.99

OTHER SOFTWARE ...

COCO MAX III (with hi-res interface): $79.95
COCO MAX II: Disk $77.95 Tape $67.95
MAXFONTS #1,.#2,#3,#4: Disk $19.95 Each
NX1000 Rainbow Driver for CoCo Max III: $19.95
MAXPATCH: Run COCO MAX II on COCO 3. $24.95

EDT/ASM 64D: Editor-assembler (specify 1,2,3) $59.95
SOURCE: CoCo Disassembler $34.95 SOURCE III: $49.95
CBASIC: Best Basic compiler $149.95 CBASIC III: $149.95

TELEWRITER 64 (COCO 1&2) :Best Word Processor for
CoCo 1 & 2. Disk $57.95 Tape $47.95

AUTOTERM:Modem software Disk $39.95 Cas $29.95
PRO-COLOR FILE *ENHANCED*: $59.95

VIP DATABASE III
Best Database for CoCo 3. Features 40/64/80 columns, size
limited only by disk space, easy to understand menu system,
LIGHTNING FAST in-memory sort, multiple search, built-
in mail merge, built-in MATH PACKAGE, print spooler and
report generator, unlimited print formats & more. $69.95

WINDOW MASTER

The hottest program for your CoCo 3!! Imagine using Win-
dows, Pull-Down Menus, Buttons, Icons, Edit Field, and
Mouse Functions in your Basic Programs. No need to use
OS9. It uses the 640x255 (or 320x255) hires graphics mode
for the highest resolution. Up to 31 windows can appear on
the screen at one time. Need extra character sets? Window
Master supports 5 fonts in 54 sizes! How about an enhanced
Editor for Basic? It gives you a superb Basic Editor which
leaves the standard EDIT command in the cold. And don't
forget that many existing Basic/ML programs will operate
under Window Master with little or no changes. In fact, it
does NOT take up any memory from Basic. Requires 1 Disk
Drive, RS Hi-res Interface & Joystick or Mouse. Includes
128K & 512K Version. $69. 95 Window Master & Hi-Res In-
terface. Only $79.95

FKEYS III

A user friendly, user programmable function key utility that
creates up to 20 function keys. Includes EDITOR, DOS
mods, DISABLE, and its EPROMable! Disk $19.95

SIXDRIVE

Allows the use of 3 double-sided drives from RSDOS or
ADOS. Only $16.95

MICROCOM SOFTWARE

[AMERICAN,
TlXPRESS

OUCCVER

To Order: Refer to rage 17 of our 6-pagc ad series: (Pgs. 9-17)

Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

Order Status, Info. Technical Info: 716-383-8830

512K BASIC

(For 128K & 512K Computers)

From the authors of Word Power 3.2, the best-selling Word Processor for CoCo 3, comes a revolutionary programming tool!

Do you have a 128K or 512K CoCo 3? Are you being told that
you could only use 22K from Basic?? Don't believe it!!

Lets face it. You bought your CoCo 3 so you could get better
graphics, more speed and more MEMORY. Unfortunately as it
comes, the CoCo 3 only allows you to use 22K for Basic
Programs. A big disappointment for Basic Programmers.

Introducing the revolutionary 512K Basic. It gives you up to 80K
Basic program/variable space (64K for Basic Program/16K for
variables) on a 128K CoCo and over 400K (384K Basic Program
Space & 16K Variable Space) on a 512K CoCo! There are no
new commands to remember and approximately 90-95% of the
existing Basic Software will run without any modifications. 512K
Basic is completely transparent to the user. You won't even know
its there until you realize that you were able to type in a massive
Basic program without the dreaded ?OM Error. And 512 K

Basic will even run at double clock-speed and automatically slow
down for printer and disk operations.

Step up to 512 K Basic. It's the tool you need to tap the full poten-
tial of your CoCo 3. 512K Basic Requires a 128K or 512K CoCo
3 with a disk drive. OS9 is NOT required. Only $39.95

51 2K Upgrades for CoCo 3.

(Only $160 with purchase of 512K Basic)

Fully assembled, tested and ready to be shipped now. Comes
with $100 worth of 512K Software:

• 512K Backup Lightning «512K Print Spooler djfe^fe

• 512K Memory Test • 512K Ramdisk

• OS9 Level II Ramdisk.

No soldering. Comes with all instruction manuals^O day war-
ranty. Only $188

OK Upgrade Board: $39.95 ^^T^^ teS 7\

KEYBOARDS , ETC.

KEYBOARD EXTENSION CABLE:
Move your keyboard away from the com-
puter & type with ease. Use your existing
keyboard with this g .
cable or leave your -J? y.
present keyboard in- <SH^2^3fo£j
tact and use a second gl^^y
keyboard. Only o?f* L
$39.95.

Cable with CoCo 2 Keyboard: $49.95
Cable with CoCo 3 Keyboard: $69.95
CoCo 3 Keyboard (with free FUNCTION
KEYS software value $14.95) :$39.95
CoCo 2 Keyboard: $19.95

ACCESORIES

COMMUNICATIONS
EXTRAVAGANZA

1) Avatex 1200e Modem: Fully Hayes
compatible 300/1200 w/ speaker, Auto-
Dial/Answer/Redial.

2) MODEM CABLE: 4 pin/DB 25 (Reg.
$19.95)

3) Autoterm Software: (Reg $39.95)

4) FREE Compuserve Offer & Acess Time

5) UPS 2nd Day Air Shipping

Only $129.95
With Avatex 2400e instead of I200e: $229.95

Avatex 1200e Modem Only: $85
Avatex 2400e Modem Only: $189>X>

Datarase

■ •■ill- I li' In

EPROM

INTRONICS EPROM PROGRAMMER

(for CoCo): Programs 2516-27512 &
more! Includes software & complete
documentation. Latest version. Lowest
Price Anywhere! Only $137.95
EPROM ERASERiFast erase of 24/28 pin
EPROMs. Only $49.95
BOTH EPROM PROGRAMMER &
ERASER: $179.95
EPROMS: 2764-$8 27128-$9
ROMPAK (w/ Blank PC Board 27xx
Series): $12.95

BLANK CARTRIDGE (Disk Controller
Size): $10.95

5 1/4" DS/DD Disks: $.40 each
3 1IT DS/DD Disks: $1.49 each
5 1/4" Disk Case (for 70 disks): $9.95
3 1/2" Disk Case (for 40 disks): $7.50

Curtis Printer Stand: $19.95
Surge Supresser Strip w/ 6 outlets:
$14.95

Curtis Static Mat: $24.95

RIBBONS

NX1000 Color Ribbon: $12.95
NX1000 Black Ribbon: $8.50
Seikosha, EPSON, DMP,
Panasonic, Okidata, Gemini Rib-
bons: $8.50 each

CABLES

MAGNAVOX 8505/8515/8CM643 Analog RGB
Cable: $24.95

SERIAL-TO-PARALLEL INTERFACE: Use your
parallel printer at high speed (300-9600 baud) with CoCo. Comes
willall cables. Nosoftware compatibility problems. Only $44.95
15" M ULTI PAK/ROM PAK EXTENDER CABLE:
$29.95

VIDEO DRIVER: Use a monochrome/color monitor with
your CoCo 2. Comes with audio/video cables. Excellent picture
quality/resolution 1 $34.95

RS232 Y CABLE: Hook 2 Devices to the serial port. Only
$24.95

Y CABLE: Use your disk system with Speech Pak.CoCo Max,
DS69, etc. $27.95

RGB Analog Extender Cable:$19.95 M
SONY Monitor Cable: $29.95 W
MODEM CABLE:4 pin to DD25.0nly $19.95
2-POSITION SWITCHER: $29.95
HI RES JOYSTICK INTERFACE: $11.99

DI/CCVER

MICROCOM SOFTWARE

To Order: Refer to Page 17 of our 6-pagc ad scries: (Pgs. 9-17)

Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

Order Status, Info, Technical Info: 716-383-8830

CHIPS, ETC

Disk Basic Rom 1.1 (Needed for CoCo
3): $29.95 ECB ROM 1.1:$29.95
68B09E or 6809E Chip: $14.95
MultiPak PAL Chip for CoCo 3:
$19.95

PAL Switcher: Now you can switch be-
tween the CoCo 2 and 3 modes when using
the Multi-Pak. You need the OLDER &
NEW PAL chip for the 26-3024 Multipak.

Only $39.95. With NEW PAL Chip:
$49.95.

UPGRADES

64K Upgrade for CoCo Vs, CoCo
IFs with Cat #26-3026/27, 26-3134,
26-3136: $29.95

64K Upgrade for 26-3134 A/B
CoCo II: $39.95

(Free 64K Software incl. with 64K Upgr.)

New OS9 Products

(For B&B HyperlO System)

Hard Drive Utilities: MSA Backup,
Copy/Kill/Rename, Hard Disk
Backup to Floppies (vica versa),
wild card & more. Only $21.95 »
Disk Doctor: Checks/locks out bad
sectors. Only $17.95
Hard Drive Zap: View tracks, sec-
tors, modify data on your hard disk.
Only $21.95

DS69B Digitizer: Use your CoCo 3 to
display pictures from your VCR or video
camera. Includes C-SEE 3.3 software.
Only $149.95

Gravis Joystick: The BEST joystick for
your CoCo. Tension, rotary,center-
ing,free-floating controls with 3 buttons:
$59.95

MPI Locking Plate (Specify Cat #):$8

Coming Soon: ROMPAK Wild card:
Lets you transfer ANY Rompak to disk.

MAGNAVOX 8CM515 RGB
MONITOR

Razor-sharp picture
quality for your CoCo!
Has 14" screen,
Analog/TTL RGB,
Composite Inputs for
CoCo 2/3, Speaker, tilt-
stand & 2 year warranty!
Only $265 (add $12 S&H/$40 in Canada)

Magnavox RGB Cable for CoCo 3 and
Composite Video / Audio Cable Set with
purchase of monitor: $19.95

DISK DRIVES for CoCo 2 & 3

HARD DRIVE SYSTEMS/

There are a lot of dealers selling disk drives for the CoCo. Why buy from us?
First, all our drives are Brand New and made by Fujitsu. They are sleek,
quiet and have a reputation of superb reliability. Second, our Drive 0 sys-
tems come with the acclaimed DISTO Controller - with gold-plated con-
tacts. Third, our Drive 0 systems come with the official 200 page Radio Shack
Disk Manual with floppy disks; everything you need to get started. Fourth,
you get $60 worth of our utility software (Disk Util 2.1A & Super Tape/Disk
Transfer) & our DISKMAX software which allows you to access BOTH sides
of our drives. Our drive systems are head & shoulders above the rest.

INTERFACES

Complete w/ Hard Drive, Western Digital Con-
troller, B&B Interface, Cables, Case, Power Supply,
Software (HYPER IO) & Instruction manuals. As-
sembled/tested/formatted. Just Plug'N'Run. This is
the best hard drive deal for the CoCo.

Seagate 20 Meg System: $509 C&jH^^.
Seagate 30 Meg System: $539

Drive 0 (With Disto Controller, Case, Power Supply, 1 Drive Cable, Manual, Software):
$209

Drive 1 (with Case, Power Supply & software): $129 Bare 5 1/4" Drive: $89

2 Drive System (With Disto Controller, Case, Power Supply, 2 Drive Cable, Manual &

Software): $309

1 Drive Cable: $16.95 2 Drive Cable: $ 22.95 4 Drive Cable:$ 34.95
FD501 Upgrade Kit: Bare Drive, 2 Drive Cable & Instructions: $109

CoCo XT: Use 2 5-120 Meg Drives with your CoCo.
Only $69.95 w/ Real Time Clock: $99.95
CoCo XT ROM: Boots OS9 from hard/floppy. $19.95
HYPERIO: Allows Hard Drive Use with RSDOS.
Only $29.95 HYPERIO: Disto Versiomlf you have a
DISTO Controller w/ Hard Drive Interface, this
program will allow you to use your Hard Drive from
RSDOS!! Only $29.95

PRINTERS

1000 Sheets of paper included FREE with every printer

NX1000 Rainbow System: NX1000 Color Printer w/144 CPS draft • Friction/Trac-
tor Feed • Epson/IBM Compatible • 1 Year Warranty. Only $289

NX1000 System: NX1000 Printer w/ 144 cps Draft
• Epson/IBM Compatible • 1 Year Warranty. Only
$199

Panasonic KX-P1080i II System: Panasonic Printer
w/ 144 cps Draft •Tractor/Friction Feed
• Epson/IBM Compatible • 2 Year Warranty. Only
$189

Panasonic KX-1592 System: Panasonic Printer

w/216 cps Draft • 16.5" Wide Carriage • 2 Year Warranty: $399

Friction/Tractor Feed

DISTO PRODUCTS ...

Disto Super Controller: $99.95 Disto
Super Controller II: $129.95

• Mini Eprom Programmer Add on: $54.95
• Hard Disk Add On: $49.95
• RT Clock & Parallel Interface: $39.95
• MEB Adapter Add On: $24.95

MULTI-BOARD ADAPTER* Printer Port,
Faster RT Clock & true RS-232 Serial Port.
$59.95

RS232 SUPER PACK: Here it is! True RS-232
Port for your CoCo. Compatible with Tandy®
Deluxe RS232 Pack. Includes DB25 Cable. Re-
quires Multipak. Only $54.95

. MICROCOM SOFTWARE 2900 Monroe Avenue • Rochester, NY 14618

DI/C#VER

To Order: All Orders $50 & above (except Printers, Monitors, Drives, Computers) shipped by UPS 2nd Day Air in Continental US.
We accept Visa,MC, Amex,Discover, Check & MO. Please add $3.00 S&H ($10 for Drives/Printers) in continental US; foreign add
10% S&H (Min $5). NYS Residents please add sales tax. Our Australian Agent: Aust. Peripheral Development. Ph: 07-208-7820

Credit Card Toll Free Order line 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7 days/week)

21*

Lit' Ole Interest, Revisited

iVOle Interest Monitor, by Fran-
cis S. Kalinowski, is a program
that first appeared in the Sep-
tember 1984 issue of RAINBOW. It gives
a detailed printout and /or display of
how your various bank accounts are
growing.

As originally written, the program
requires at least a 16K CoCo with
Extended Color BASIC, accepts user
inputs for up to 1 1 money accounts and
the interest rates, and calculates and
prints accounts and earnings informa-
tion for each day of a selected com-
pounding period.

Because in the computer world,
change is the norm, monotony the
exception, I have taken a good program

Duke Norris has been working with
computers for over 20 years. His first
home computer was a 4K Co Co 1 and
he is the SysOp of Shelby County
Indiana's oldest BBS. Hobbies include
computers and restoring classic cars
and trucks.

EBy Dulk® Norris

and made it better. The program now
displays on the CM-8 monitor's screen
either 40- or 80-column widths and fully
utilizes the DMP-132 printer features.
The user also no longer needs to worry
about memory constraints.

The modified program requires a
CoCo 3, cassette or disk drive and an
RGB monitor. A printer is optional. It
begins with a graphics title display and
prompts you for three items:

• Screen Width? Enter 4 or 8. (4 is for
a 40-column display and 8 is for an 80-
column display.)

• Do you want a printout? Enter Y or
N.

• Press the space bar when you are
ready to begin.

Now you are ready to enter answers
to a series of prompts so the program
can do it's work:

• The starting date, if a printout was
selected.

• The account owner's name.

• The number of accounts to calculate.
(The program will calculate from 1 to
11 accounts.)

• The number of compounding days for
all the accounts.

• The starting balance of each account.

• The interest rate calculated on each
account.

After you have seen the results of
what you have entered, you are then
prompted for:

• Calculate more account(s)? Enter Y or
N.

• Do you want a printout? Enter Y or
N.

User Modifications

As you key in the program, there are
three program areas where you might
have to make modifications to this
version of the program to best fit your
CoCo system configuration:

• Program Line 190 by POKEing the
value of 18 in location 150 to operate
the DMP-132 printer at 2400 baud. You

1 8 THE RAINBOW April 1989

duces

»»Vout

CoCo

Desktop

VVorUs

Max-1 0+

Now with online 40,000 word
spellchecker

Regularly $79.95

The latest in CoCo word processors
and the only one with true
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What
You Get) output. Mix graphics with
text. Max-1 0 is great for anything
from greeting cards up to newsletters.
Just turn the next page for a full list
of Max-1 0's unbelievable features.

File Edit Search* layout Font Style

s \\ • . t . i . )?t . i . i . i . ■ . S i ' ■ ' i is i * - * • S I ' i ■ i s i ' 3 ~

HE] GEI EUl

Law Of Unreliability: to ttt ii human, M to really foul tbiogt I

up requires t computer

Hartley's First Law: Too cso lead a hone to valer, out if you can mate |§
bin float oo bn back you've jot ronething

Ducharm's AliOCfl: If one litn bit proWen closely enougb be Till
recognize biaielf ai part of the problem

PeruSSel'S Law: There it so job to simple that it cao't be done vronj.

imge: x

Max-1 0 Font Set

Regularly $29.95

36 fonts on 2 disks. Can all be used
easily and quickly with Max-1 0.

Lonqhawi 24

Frontier IB point

Rthens 18 point

/ r vtr,e tZ point

Irvine 24

fwdfl Song 12 pajnj

Rome 9 point'
Rom* 12 point

Sicacil III pniif

Futura 24

Courier 12 point

Erooktiaven 4&

ZUms IS point

Sa n FrancUeo 18

Century 24
All these and 14 more!

Eliesmere 12 point

Ellesmere 24 point
Eliesmere Bold U

Digital IS point

CoCo Max III

Regularly $79.95

The ultimate graphics creation
program. See the list of features on
the next page. Also read the superb
review in The Rainbow, April 7965.

File Edit Options colors Font Size Style

*" ■
i ■

0EJH

□

■1

Fill

Zoom

undo

1 — j

1 1;

This is the Coco Ma% screen with
its pu/t down menus (above), its
too! box(feftl its palette, (below).

You can dram with:

THE PEHC1L-THE 46 BRUSHES -THE SPRAY CAM OR DRAU :

LINES RECTANGLES RAYS CIRCLES POLYGONS CUBES

CHOOSE BORDER
t OPTIONAL FILL

THEESE ARE JUST A FEW OF
COCO MAX ill BASIC FUNCTIONS I

CoCo Max Fonts

Regularly $49.95

Almost 100 fonts for incredible
headlines and text Four disks full of
fonts. Use CoCo Max styles (Bold,
Italic, 3-D, Shadow ...), sizing and
colors for absolutely wonderful
effects. Thousands of combinations
are possible. Here are some of the
fonts:

cftatiow

Koloii

F*cif)»oT SmxII
PciCfMOT L ARC,l
I I I U> (11 I J.IHIHL

PFOGFnm riEaium
PFDEFHWl LFIFIGE

I*h i nr n lllnclt Nmnll

ni l mtA iilic. i.o

Digitr*. (Dadium

Digital Large
Futura

SiieiDLflRGE
in jjffliLuifl! hum] in

innnfinr^itin

victory

■ TaaU Bm.II

BABY TklTR LC

LIQUID O&STflL
Mocnofl Jlapre

POIIIT OUT

Prinifuutf Smell

PRiriTDUT LARGE

C.rtwh..l

Normanda Small

Mormande Medium

NORM ANDE LG.

Plono

All for

$149*

Save $80.00

30 DAY TRIAL OFFER

AND OUR
NO-RISK GUARANTEE

We understand perfectly that you
have no reason to believe anything
you read. Including this ad. (Or the
rave reviews)

So we invite you to evaluate The
Works yourself. Call and order it
We'll send it with detailed, clear
instructions. Use it with your own
CoCo 3, on your own work, for 30
days. Try it for brilliant presentation
graphics, outstanding word proces-
sing. Wring it out

After 30 days, if it isn't for you,
for any reason, we'll take it back
and write you a check imme-
diately for your full purchase
price.

The risk is all ours. But we urge
you not to wait, this deal may end
soon. We can guarantee this price
only if you order now.

Call today. You have
nothing to lose.

(203) 348-9436

Order line open weekdays 9 to 5 Eastern time
See next page for more ordering info.

COLORWARE

A division of Sigma Industries, fnc

REAL DESKTOP

File Edit Options colors Font Size style

AND

CoCo Max III is absolutely the best drawing package
available for the CoCo 3. and it does more than just let
you draw. CoCo Max III includes animation, text, color
mixing and more features than you would think
possible. It combines incredible speed with dazzling
graphics and it is a joy to use even its most powerful
features.

Pictures, graphs, flyers, cards, signs, school projects,
labels, buttons and anything else you might dream of
creating is now possible with CoCo Max III. Is it any
wonder that the majority of CoCo Gallery pictures in the
last five months were created with CoCo Max?

Thousands of CoCo users have found that you don't
have to be an artist to have fun with CoCo Max. You'll
wonder why you waited so long to get the incredible
CoCo Max III.

CoCo Max III is the best because it includes:

- a huge picture area (two full hi-res 320x192 screens) - a large
editing window - Zoom mode for detail work - 28 drawing tools
which you just point and click on - shrink and stretch - rotation at
any angle (1.5 degree steps) - 51 2K memory support (all features
work with 128K too) - an Undo feature to correct mistakes - you
can even Undo an "Undo" - Animation - special effects - color
sequencing (8 colors, variable speed) - thirteen fonts (more
available) ~ each font has eight different sizes - five style options
(bold, italic, 3D, etc.) for thousands of font/size/style combination
possibilities, - the CoCo Show "slide show" program - color
editing of patterns - automatic pattern alignment - prints in single
and double size - smart lasso (move text over a background...)

- advanced tools: arc, ray, cube. etc. - select 16 of the 64 colors (all
64 colors are displayed at once for selection!) - picture converter
(CoCo Max II. MGE. BASIC) - extensive prompting - "glyphic"
clipbook of rubber stamps - double click shortcuts - color mixing
(additive/subtractive/none) ~ money back guarantee - sophisticated
data compression saves disk space - pull down menus (no
commands to remember) - forty paintbrush shapes -? two color
lettering - spray can - scrapbooks of pictures - error free

- Y-cable or multipack not required - high speed hi-res interface
included (plugs into joystick port) - disk is not copy protected

- amazing "flowbrush" r RGB and composite monitor support

- replace color ~ printing on black and white printers in five shades
of gray - full color printing with optional drivers for the NX- 1000
Rainbow and CGP220 - entirely rewritten for the CoCo 3

can

VN/I

th th' 5

are

inVits

ease

v'\e^

4f8&1

fa
co

\or>

ultimate

8 rapn

for

the

CoCo Max III: $79.95

Max-10 owners: deduct $10

System Requirements:

CoCo 3 disk system and a Joystick
or Mouse

Printer drivers Included:

IBM/Epson and compatibles, GEMINI,
DMP1 05/1 06/1 30.OKI1 82/1 92. CGP220
(B&W). DMP110. DMP200

Color printer drivers (prints 125
different colors) Star IMX-1 000, CGP-
220, or Okimate 20 each $1 9.95

For all CoCo Max Versions

Max Edit Font Editor: A font is a set of
characters of a particular style. With Max Edit you can
create new fonts or modify the existing ones.$1 9.95

Max Font disks (send for list) each $1 9.95
Max Font Set (95 fonts on 4 disks) $49.95

DS69/69B Digitizers: allows you to capture the

image from a VCR or video camera and bring it into

your computer. CoCo Max will let you load digitized

pictures and modify them.

DS-69 (2 images per second. Requires

muttipak) $99.95

DS-69B (8 images/second) $1 49.95

CoCo 1 & 2 Owners

Still Available:

(See previous ads or
write for information)

CoCo Max il (works on

all disk CoCos) $69.95

CoCo Max Tape

(CoCol & 2 only) $59.95

Y-Cabie $24.95

CoCo Max II Picture

Disk Set

set of 3 disks: $29.95

Guaranteed Satisfaction

Use CoCo Max or Max-10 for a full month.
If you are not delighted with either of them,
we will refund every penny.

COLORWARE

A division of Sigma Industries, Inc.

TO ORDER ^

(203) 656-1806 MON-FRI 9 to 5 EST^

Visa or Mastercard accepted. C.O.D. orders $3 extra
Check or M.0. to: Cokmre, 242- W West Ave. Darien CT 06820
Add $3 per order for shipping ($5 to Canada, 10% to overseas)
CT residents add 7.5% sales tax

PUBLISHING

COLORWARE

THE DAZZLING WORD PROCESSOR

You probably already have a word processor, and you
probably wish it had these features:

► Fully menu driven (CoCo Max style) with point and
click marking of text. You don't need the arrow keys!

► True WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)
including variable size fonts, styles (bold, italics, etc.)
and graphics.

► Can print multiple columns on a page.

Not limited by printer capabilities: fonts up to 24
points (1/3") high, superscripts, small print, etc.
Fully integrated spelling checker (incredibly fast), no
need to exit program to check spelling.

► Graphics can be imported from just about anything
(CoCo Max; MGE: BASIC: even Macintosh pictures
from a BBS) and resized to fit your document.

Full screen preview including graphics.
Max-10 has all these unique features, plus all the
features you are used to in your current word
processor. Even with all this, you don't give up anything.
Max-10 is easier to use, more intuitive, faster and more
powerful than anything else. It's not just a word
processor, it's a desktop publisher.

conta»*

Vh* ' ..tor ror th.

COCO

on *o ™ ki»o«n

plrtttfi

iter*

flurr»» Ton0 rr»»

rtth

^Ir*? "is

"""or |f .phic

111

to UPP* 1 "'

r ,ttal «■•» „t

infof«* lwn

Ait adltoft

Max-10: $79.95

CoCo Max III owners: deduct $10
Max-10 requires a CoCo 3, at least 1 disk, & joystick or mouse
Printer drivers Included: IBM/Epson and compatibles; DMP
105. DMP106. DMP130; CGP220 (B&W); Gemini/Star

File Edit Search* Lauout Font

'4' " ' ' 1 'A' ' ' ' ' 'J^' * ' ' ' ' '

style

✓ Plain Tent
Bold

italics

CP
CB

underlined * cu
Superscript cH
subscript cl

fiiiiii'rtiiitiji

t hiuuiiiiu ' h

WYSIWIG adj. (wiz-ee-wig) I What
You See Is What You Get (acronym) I

a ukc choice if jMUj fonts and x/f/w.

R4GE: 2

Some of the many features of Max-1 0:

- Blinding speed - printing in multiple columns - online dictionary

- spell checking - graphics can be mixed with text - full justification
of proportionally sized characters - bold, italic, underline
superscript and subscript type styles - superb file support, just point
and click - "Undo" lets you correct mistakes - easy to use, no
commands to remember - any graphics program can be used

- pictures can be shrunk or stretched to fit - right and left alignment
~ centering - variable line spacing - page numbering - current
page number displayed on the screen - variable tab stops - left and
right margins - tabs and margins can vary in the same document

- cut and paste text and graphics anywhere in the file - page break
shows on the screen - pull down menus are quick and simple to use

- lightning fast access to any point in the document with the scroll
box - twenty fonts (styles and sizes), more available - any number
of character sizes and styles can be mixed on the same line - up to
more than 120 characters per line, depending on font size, style and
letters - headers and footers, even with graphics - file compatibility
with other word processors - right, left, bottom and top margins

- word wrap - set starting page - type ahead - key repeat - key
click - scroll up and down - ASCII file output for compatibility

- disk directory - kill files- block cut, copy and move - global
search and replace - paragraph indent - clipboard - merge

- show file (on disk) - free memory display - page count

- paragraph count - word count - graphics can be resized and
moved ~ multiple fonts - error recovery - true lowercase -512K
memory support (ail features work with 128K too) - complete point
and click cursor control - moving, clearing and changing blocks of
text is ridiculously easy, just point and click at each end of the text
block - onscreen ruler - preview file before loading - search and
replace - disk is not copy protected - more than 35 pages of text

CoCo Max III and Max-10
Perfect Together

You do not need CoCo Max IN to insert and print
graphics in Max-10. Max-10 works with any graphics
creation program, and you can also use graphics
downloaded from bulletin boards.

Similarly, you do not need Max-1 0 to create graphics
with text in CoCo Max III. There are tremendous
lettering capabilities in CoCo Max III, with its many
fonts, styles, and sizes.

Together Max-10 and CoCo Max III are an unbeatable
combination. This desktop publishing system is better
than anything youVe ever seen on a CoCo. We are so
confident that you will use, and enjoy using the two
software packages, that we offer an unconditional
money back guarantee* Stop wasting your time and
effort using inferior or obsolete products. Move up to
the new generation of CoCo software now.

Lil» Ole Person's GOLDPILE
for THE COCO III on 12/12/88.

No. Accnt 1 Accnt 2 Accnt 3 Accnt 4 Accnt 5 Today* s Accumltd Grand

.063 % .075 % .098 % .054 % Interest Interest Total

Days . 055

Start
1
2
3
4
5

100. 00
100. 02
100. 03
100. 05
100. 06
100. 08

200. 00
200. 03
200. 07
200. 10
200. 14
200. 17

300.00 400.00

300.06 400.11

300. 12 400. 21

300. 18 400. 32

300.25 400.43

300.31 400.54

500. 00
500. 07
500, 15
500. 22
500. 30
500. 37

0. 0000
0. 2926
0. 2927
0. 2927
0. 2928
0. 2928

0. 00
0. 29
0. 59

0. 88

1. 17
1. 46

SI. 46

1500. 00
1500. 29
1500. 59
1500. 88
1501. 17
1501. 46

this way Lil' Ole THE COCO III can earn
and end up with SI, 501. 46 in Just 5 days.

sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

may change this POKE to a value that you
use or just modify it to a BASIC REMark
statement.

• Line 960 contains the famous
speed-up POKE. If your CoCo 3 cannot
execute at the fast speed or if you are
using the program with a print spooler,
change line 960 to a RETURN. If you do
not modify this statement, be sure to

always POKE65496,0 before you access
the cassette or disk.

• Program lines 1020 through 1060
are the appropriate DMP-132 printer
codes to force it to skip to the top of the
paper form, print in different fonts
(depending on how many accounts are
processed) and sound the printer's bell
when the printout is complete. If you
are not using a DMP-132 printer you

will have to modify these lines accord-
ing to your printer's requirements or
you may just change the lines to the
BASIC return statement.
Happy Saving!

(Questions or comments regarding
this program may be directed to the
author at P.O. Box 241, Shelbyville, IN
46176. Please enclose an SASE when
requesting a reply.) □

/ 160. . ,

, . .154

690 .. .

. .192

300

. . .13

. .101

400 . .

940

. .65

500 .. .

. .163

END . ,

, . .23

610 . .

. . .28

'$ MODIFIED FOR THE COCO III
'$ BY: DUKE NORRIS

The Listing: INTEREST

ft • COPYRIGHT 1989 FALSOFT, INC
10 '$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

20 '$ LIL OLE PERSON • S GOLDPILE
$

30 '$ FOR 16K COCO WITH ECB
$

40 •$ (C)1983 BY: F. KALINOWSKI
$

50 '$ 16 N. ALDER DRIVE

60 '$
$

70 '$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$

80 1
90 '

100 ■$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$

110 •$ FIRST APPEARED IN PAINBOW
$

120 '$ SEPTEMBER 1984, PAGE 51
$

P.O. BOX 241,
SHELBYVILLE, IN 46176
'$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

ORLANDO, FL 32807

130

$
140

$
150

$
160

$
170

180 TROFF:CLS0:ON BRK GOTO 450 :C
LEAR300 : PALETTERGB : PALETTE 2 , 1
190 POKE150,18 'POKE 2400 BAUD R
ATE FOR PRINTER
200 GOTO500

210 GT=0:FORX=0TO10:GT=GT+AA(X) :
NEXT : RETURN

220 IFPS=0THENRETURNELSEPRINT#-2

,STRING$( (Y*9)+32,C) : RETURN

230 FORX=0TOY-1:IE(X)=DR(X) *AA(X

) :AA(X)=AA(X)+IE(X) :NEXT

240 DI=0:FORX=0TO10:DI=DI+IE(X) :

250 TI=TI+DI:GOSUB210:IFTI>I THE
N I=I+U

2 60 IFPS=0THEN310

270 X=0:IFFL=0THENPRINT#-2, "Star
t" ; : FL=1 : X=0 : ELSEPRINT#-2 , USING"
### ";D;

280 PRINT#-2,USING"#####.## ";AA

(X) ;

290 X=X+1:IF X<Y THEN280

300 PRINT #-2, USING" ##.#### ";DI

THE RAINBOW April 1989

; : PRINT#-2 /USING" ##### . ## " ; TI ;
: PRINT#-2 , USING" #####.##" ;GT
310 LOCATEj3,04:Q$="Day ###":GOSU
B930: PRINTTAB (WA) " " ; : PRINTUSING
Q$ ;D: LOCATE J3 ,J36 :Q$="Grand Total

$$#,###,###.## ":GOSUB930:PR
INTTAB (WA) " » ; : PRINTUSING Q$ ;GT
320 LOCATEj3,08 :Q$="Daily Interes

t $$#,###, ###.####'• :GOSUB930:FRI

NTTAB (WA) " " 7 : PRINTUSING Q$ ; DI : LO

CATE0,10:Q$="Total Interest $$#,

###,###.## " : GOSUB93.0 : PRINTTAB (

WA) " " ; : PRINTUS ING Q $ ; TI

330 D=D+1:IFD<DD+1THEN230ELSED=D

-1

340 IFPT<8THENPT=8
350 C=61:GOSUB220

3 60 LOCATED , 13 : ATTR5 , 2 : PRINTSTRI
NG$(80,32) :LOCATE0, 14:Q$="This w
ay, Lil 1 Ole "+A$:ATTR5,2:GOSUB9
20:Q$="can earn: $$#,###.## Tota
1 Interest" :GOSUB9 30: LOCATE0, 15:

PRINTTAB (WA) " " ; : PRINTUSING Q$ ;TI

370 IFPS=0THEN4J30

380 PRINT#-2 , TAB (PT-8) "this way

Lil 1 Ole "A$" can earn ";:PRINT#

-2,USING"$$#,###.##";TI

39,0 PRINT #-2, TAB (PT-8) "and end U

p with ";:PRINT#-2,USING"$$,###.
##";GT; :PRINT#-2, " in just"D"day

S+G

See you at Rainbowfest Chicago! i

NO HYPE! JUST QUALITY 0S9
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

€WMWjW9 Urn*

Goldstar 2400 Buud Modem (1 200 Baud - $ 1 00) SI 50

100% hayes computable, steel case, stores five numbers
Parameters stored in non-volatile ram using AT commonds

5UPERC0MM 2.0 by Dove Phlllpsen $30

Xmodem CHK,CRC &. Ymodem botch transfer with buffering
Autodial ond redial with keyboard macros, auto log on
ANSI and OS9 terminal emulation / Access to 0S9 Shell
ASCII file capture and send / Split screen conference
Reliable with T2 or ony other device even at 2400 baud
will work with only 12BK and a black ond white monitor
Pop-up windows w/Help and eosy to use ALT-KEY commands
done in 100% assembly language for effecient operation
Not necessary to build new boot disk - just load and run!
Proven faster & more reliable than other terminal programs

0S9 Level 2 Login/BBS Package

$50

Auto-Baud Tsmon with command passing and optional hours
Login with DES password encryption, logs access attempts
Group ond Net Accounts con be set-up, new users verified
Configurable Menu w/User-select ANSI, 0S9, or no graphics
Mail, public News, and Net Mail (exchonge w/other systems)
BLAZE included for ultra-fast bidirectional Net transfers
Chat, Xmodem/Ymodem transfers. Help, multi-user conference
Chown, FindFile, Pop/Lobel (for windows), other utilities
Any 0S9 command can be run from login, no doors required
0S9 Level 2, 512k, Hard drive or NO-Holt controller req d
Limited free updates-modlf Icatlons available upon request
(call or write for details on OSK version of this package)

CDI-Carrier Detect Interface Only $ t 5 w/logln $20

Hardware which allows baud rate detection w/login package

VEF Printer Dump for Star NX- 1 000 Rainbow $20
has fast and slow dump modes, matches DS9 palettes

Indiana residents add 5% soles tax. COD Add $3. No credit cords.
Shipping & handling included. Send check or money order to:
StG Computers, Inc. - P.O. Box 242B5 - Speedway IN 46224
(317) 241-6401 (voice) - (317) 244-3159 (modem, 3/12/2400)

400 LOCATED, 16: Q$="and end up wi
th at least: $$###,###. ##»:GOSUB
930 : PRINTTAB (WA) 11 " ; z PRINTUSING Q
$ ;GT: LOCATE0 , 17 : PRINTS TRING $ (79 ,
32) :LOCATE0, 17 :Q$="in just»+STR$
(D)+" days. » :GOSUB920
410 C=36:GOSUB220:IFPS=0THEN430
420 F0RX=1T04:PRINT#-2:NEXT:G0SU
B1060

430 PRINT :GOSUB950:LOCATE0 / 22 :Q$
="Want To Run More Accounts (Y/N
) " : ATTR4 , 5 : GOSUB920 : SOUND1 , 1
440 S$=INKEY$ : IFS$="Y"THEN460ELS
EIFS$O"N"THEN440
450 GOSUB970:GOSUB950:CLS5:END
460 FORX=0TO10:AA(X)=0:AN(X)=0:I
E (X) =0 : IR (X) =0 :NEXT
470 GOSUB970:ATTR3 ,2:Q$="Do You
Want A Printout (Y/N) ?": LOCATE
0 , 22 : : G0SUB9 2 0 : S0UND1 ,1:3$=" "
480 GOSUB950 : S$=INKEY$ : IFS$="Y"T
HEN PS=1:GOSUB970:GOSUB910 ELSE
IF S$= ,M, THEN480 ELSE GOSUB960:PS

490 D=0:TI=0: :DI=0:IE=0:FL=0:C=2

2 : W=0 : CLS5 : GOTO590

500 HSCREEN2:HC0L0R2,1:HCLS6:HW=

40 : FORBN=0TO10 : HPRINT (0 , BN) , STRI

NG$(40,"$") :NEXTBN:Q$="Lil' Ole"

:Q=12:GOSUB940

510 Q$=» Person 1 s" : Q=»14 : GOSUB940

520 HCOLOR1 , 2 : Q$= M GOLDPILE" : Q=16

: GOSUB940 : HCOLOR2 , 1
530 GOSUB970:HCOLOR5 / 6:Q$="Do Yo
u Want A Printout (Y/N) ?":Q=18:
GOSUB9 4 0 : S0UND1 , 1

540 S$=INKEY$:IFS$= H N"THEN PS=0:
GOSUB960 : GOTO550ELSEIFS$="Y !I THEN

PS=1 : GOSUB970ELSE540
550 HC0L0R1, 6:Q$="Screen Width 4
=40 8=80 (4/8) ?":SOUNDl,l:Q=2
0 : GOSUB940 : SOUND1 , 1
560 S$=INKEY$:IFS$="4 If THEN HS=40

ELSE IF S$="8"THEN HS=80 ELSE G
OTO560

570 HC0L0R4 , 6 : Q$="PRESS <SPACEBA
R> TO START.":Q=22:GOSUB940:SOUN

The Dazzling Word Processor and Document
Creator for the CoCo 3.
Nothing else comes close.

fcotoaw»«f '

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 23

D2,l

580 F=RND(7):IF F=6THEN580ELSE S
$=INKEY$:HCOLOR F , 7 : HPRINT (RND ( 8

0) -l,RND(ll)-l) ,"$":IF S$<>" "TH
EN580 ELSE HW=HS

590 WIDTHHW : HSCREEN0 : CLS5 : ATTR4 ,
l:Q$="Lil' Ole Person's GOLDPILE
":LOCATE0,0:GOSUB920:IF HW=80 TH
EN Q$=STRING$(78,36)ELSE Q$=STRI
NG$(38,36)

600 ATTR3,3:LOCATE0,1:GOSUB920:G
OSUB950

610 IFPS=0THEN630

620 LOCATE0,3:Q$="What's The Sta

rt Date (MM/DD/YY) " : GOSUB920 : INP

UT" H ;B$: IF B$=""THENSOUNDl,l:C

LS5:GOTO590

630 LOCATE0,5:Q$="What's The Acc

ount Owner's Name" :GOSUB920: INPU

T" ";A$:IF A$=" "THEN SOUNDl,l:GO
TO630

640 LOCATE0,8:Q$="How Many ACCOU

nts For Processing" :GOSUB920

650 INPUT" ";Y:IFY<10RY>11THENS0
UND1 , 1 : LOCATE0 , 8 : PRINTSTRING$ (16
0," ") :GOTO640ELSE IF PS=1THEN G
OSUB910

660 IF PS=1 THEN IF Y<6THEN GOSU
B1030 ELSE IF Y>5 AND Y<8 THEN G
OSUB1040 ELSE IF Y>7 THEN GOSUB1
050

670 LOCATE0,ll:Q$="How Many Comp
ounding Days" :GOSUB920: INPUT" " ;
DD$:DD=VAL(DD$) : IF DD=0 OR DD>36
50 THEN LOCATE0 , 11 : PRINTSTRING$ (
160,32) :SOUND1,1:GOTO670
680 LL=15:FORX=1TOY:LOCATE0,LL:P
RINTSTRING$(160, " " ) : IF HW=80THE
NLOCATE0 , LL+3 : PRINTSTRING$ ( 160 , "

690 LOCATE0,LL:Q$=" Account "+STR$
(X)+" Starting Amount ($$.$$) ":G
OSUB920

700 INPUT" ";AA(X-1):IF AA(X-1)=
0THEN SOUND1,1:GOTO690 ELSE LL=L
L+3

710 LOCATE0,LL:Q$="Account"+STR$
(X)+" Interest Rate (00.0000) ":G

OSUB920

720 INPUT" ";IR(X-1):IF IR(X-1)=
0THEN SOUND1,1:GOTO710ELSE IR(X-

1) =IR(X-1) *.01

730 LL=LL-3 : NEXT : CLS5
740 ATTR4,l:LOCATE0,0:Q$="Lil' 0
le Person's GOLDPILE" :GOSUB920: A
TTR3 , 3 : LOCATE0 , 1 : Q$=" (WATCH IT G
ROW! ) " :GOSUB920

750 IF HW=80THEN Q$=STRING$ (78 , 3
6) ELSE Q$=STRING$(38,36)
760 ATTR7,1:GOSUB920:GOSUB950
770 IFPS=0THEN880

780 PT=INT( (Y*9)+6)/2

790 PRINT#-2,TAB(PT-1) "Lil 1 Ole

Person's GOLDPILE"

800 PRINT#-2,TAB(PT-1) "for "A$"

on »B$"."

810 C=36:GOSUB220:PRINT#-2," No.

" ; : X=l : FORT=6TOY*9STEP9

820 PRINT#-2,TAB(T) "Accnt"X; :X=X

+1:NEXT

830 PRINT#-2,TAB(T) "Today • s" ;TAB
(T+9) "Accumltd" ;TAB(T+19) "Grand"
8"40 PRINT#-2 , "Days" ; :X=0 : FORT=5T
0Y*9STEP9

850 PRINT#-2,TAB(T)IR(X) "%"; :X=*X
+1:NEXT

860 PRINT#-2, TAB (T+l) "Interest I
nterest" ;TAB(T+20) "Total"
870 C=61:GOSUB220

880 FORX=0TOY-l:DR(X)=IR(X)/365:
NEXT:GOSUB210

890 U=INT(GT/4400) :IFU<1THENU=1
900 I=U:GOTO260

910 LOCATE0,22:IF(PEEK(&HFF22)AN

Dl) THEN HCOLOR4 , 6 : Q=22 : Q$=" PRINT

ER NOT READY" : GOSUB920 : GOTO910 E

LSE GOSUB1020:LOCATE0,22:PRINTST

RING$ (78," " ) ; : RETURN

920 IFLEN(Q$)> HW THENRETURNELSE

PRINTTAB ( (HW/2) - (LEN(Q$) /2) ) ;Q$:

RETURN

' CENTERIT

930 IFLEN(Q$)> HW THENRETURNELSE
WA=( (HW/2) -(LEN(Q$)/2) ) : RETURN

940 IFLEN(Q$)> HW THENRETURNELSE
QQ=(HW/2) -(LEN(Q$)/2) : HPRINT ( QQ

,Q) ,Q$: RETURN

950 ATTR0 , 4 : RETURN

960 POKE65497,0: RETURN 'SPEED-UP

970 POKE65496,0:RETURN 'SLOW-DOW

980 '

990 'ALL PRINT CODES ARE FOR A
DMP-132

1000 'CHANGE TO RETURNS IF NOT
WANTED OR CHANGE THE CHR$
CODES

1010 •

1020 PRINT#-2,CHR$ (12) : RETURN

'SKIP TO TOP-OF-FORM
1030 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(18) :
RETURN

' CORRESPONDENCE-10
1040 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(29) :
RETURN

' CORRESPONDENCE-12
1050 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(77) :
RETURN

'MICROFONT
1060 PRINT # -2 , CHR$ ( 7 ) : RETURN

'SOUND PRINTER BELL END-OF-PRIN
T OPERATION

24 THE RAINBOW April 1969

"In the beginning there was VIP Writer and users saw that it was good, But it's
not the best anymore. There's a new word processor to claim the crown...

VIP Writer III -Setting the Standard" -rainbow sept. 1988

MORE SCREEN DISPLAY OPTIONS

VIP Writer 111 offers screen widths of 32, 40, 64 & 80 - all with 24 lines and actual lower
case letters using the CoCo 3's hardware display. It runs at double dock speed and has 4-
color menus making VIP Writer 111 FAST and EASY to usel You can choose foreground,
background, hilite and cursor colors from up to 64 hues. Color can be turned ON or OFF
for the best possible display using a monochrome monitor or TV set. VIP Writer III has a
context sensitive help facility to display command usage in easy to read colored windows.

CUSTOMIZER & PRINTER INSTALLER

VIP Writer III comes with a configuration / printer installation program which lets you
customize VIP Writer III to suit your own liking. You can set screen width and colors as well
as margins and more. You can also install your own printer and set interface type (serial,
parallel or J&M), baud rate, line feeds, etc. Once done, you never have to enter these
parameters again! VIP Writer III will load n' go with your custom configuration every time!

MORE TOTAL TEXT STORAGE

VIP Writer III has 106K total text storage in a 128K CoCo 3 (495K in 51 2K). VIP Writer
III creates ASCII text files which are compatible with all other VIP Programs as well as
other programs which use ASCII files. You can use VIP Writer III to even type BASIC
programs! There is a 48K text buffer (438K in a 51 2K CoCo 3) and disk file linking
allowing virtually unlimited text space. VIP Writer III works with up to four disk drives and
lets you display directories and free space as well as rename or kill disk files. In addition
VIP Writer III is 100% compatible with the RGB Computer Systems Hard Disk.

POWERFUL EDITING FEATURES

VIP Writer III has a full featured screen editor which can be used to edit text with lines up
to 240 characters long with or without automatic word wrap around. You can select
type-over mode or insert mode. There is even an OOPS command to recall a cleared text
buffer. Other editing features include: Type-ahead • typamatic key repeat and key beep
for flawless text entry • end of line bell • full four way cursor control with scrolling • top
of textfile • bottom of textfile • page up • page down • top of screen • bottom of screen •
beginning of line • end of line • left one word • right one word • DELETE character, to
beginning or end of line, word to the left or right, or entire line • INSERT character or line
• LOCATE and/or CHANGE or DELETE single or multiple occurrence using wildcards •
BLOCK copy, move or delete with up to TEN simultaneous block manipulations • TAB key
and proarammable tab stops • word count • line restore • three PROGRAMMABLE
FUNCTIONS to perform taste such as auto column creation and multiple copy printing.

AUTOMATIC TEXT FORMATTING

VIP Writer III automatically formats your text for you or allows you to format your text in
any way you wish. You can chanqe the top, bottom, left or right margin and page length.
You can set your text flush left, center or flush right. You can turn right hand
justification on or off. You can have headers, footers, page numbers and TWO auxiliary
lines which can appear on odd, even or all pages. You can also select the line on which they
appear! You can even change the line spacing I Parameters can be altered ANYWHERE I

PREVIEW PRINT FORMAT WINDOW

VIP Writer 111 features an exclusive format window which allows you to preview your
document BEFORE PRINTING IT! You are able to move up, down, left and right to see
centered and justified text, margins, page breaks, broken paragraphs, orphan lines etc.

PRINTING VERSATILITY

VIP Writer III prints TWICE as fast as any other CoCo word processor! It supports most
serial or parallel printers using J&M JFD-CP or Rainbow interface and gives you the
ability to select baud rates from 110 to 19,200. You can imbed printer control codes
anywhere in your text file EVEN WITHIN JUSTIFIED TEXT! # Writer III also has
TWENTY programmable printer macros which allow you to easily control all of your
printers capabilities such as bold, underline, italics and superscript using simple key
strokes. Other features include: multiple copy printing • single sheet pause • line feeds.

BUILT IN PRINT SPOOLING

VIP Writer III has a print spooler with a 57,000 character buffer which allows you to print
one document WHILE you are editing another. You don't have to wait until your printer is
done before starting another job! Some word processors DO NOT include this feature!

50,000 WORD SPELLING CHECKER

VIP Writer III includes VIP Speller (not FREEWARE) to check your text for misspelled
words It has a 50,000 (not 20,000) word dictionary that can be added to or edited.

QUALITY DOCUMENTATION

VIP Writer III comes with a well written 1 25 page manual which is Laser printed, not dot-
matrix like the competition. It includes a tutorial, glossary of terms and examples for the
beginner as well as a complete index) VIP Writer III is truly the BEST you can buy.

VIP Writer 111 includes VIP Speller 1.1. DISK $79.95

Available through Radio Shack Express Order Cat. #900-0908

Writer III or Library /W owners: Upgrade to the VIP Writer III 2.0
for $10 + $3 S/H. Send ORIGINAL disk and $13 total.

VIP Writer owners: Upgrade to the Writer III 2.0 for $49.95 + $3
S/H. Send original disk and $52,95 totaL

VIP Database III

VIP Database III features selectable screen displays of 40, 64 or 80 characters by 24
lines with choice of 64 foreground, background, hilite and cursor colors for EASY DATA
ENTRY. It uses the CoCo 3's hardware screen and double clock speed to be the
FASTEST database available! VIP Database III will handle as many records as will fit on
your disks and is structured in a simple and easy to understand menu system with full
prompting for easy operation. Your data is stored in records of your own design. All files
are fully indexed for speed and efficiency. IN-MEMORY SORT of records is LIGHTNING
FAST and provides for easy listing of names, figures, addresses, etc., in ascending or
descending alphabetical or numeric order. Records can be searched for specific entries
using multiple search criteria. The built-in mail-merge lets you sort and print mailing lists,
print form letters, address envelopes - the list is endless. The built-in MATH PACKAGE
even performs arithmetic operations and updates other fields. VIP Database III also has a
print spooler and report generator which uses print forms you create. DISK $69.95
Available through Radio Shack Express Order Cat #900-0915

VIP Database owners: Upgrade to the VIP Database III for
$39.95 + $3 S/H. Send ORIGINAL disk and $42.95 total.

VIP Library /WDCE

The VIP Library /WDCE combines all six popular VIP application programs - VIP
Database III, VIP Writer III, VIP Speller, VIP Calc III, VIP Terminal and VIP Disk-ZAP

into one integrated program on one disk called VIP Desktop.
For VIP Library shipping please add $4 USA. $5 Canada. $10 Foreign.

DISK $179.95

VIP Library owners: Upgrade to the VIP Library /WDCE for $99.95
+ $3 S/H. Send ORIGINAL disk and $102.95 total.

VIP Library A/VDE owners: Upgrade to the VIP Library /WDCE for
$10 + $3 S/H. Send ORIGINAL disk and $13 total.

_ UD IE m ti ® Dp tr I s ® s

©(503) 663-2865 ^POB 1233 Gresham. OR 97030

We accept VISA / MAS I LHCARL) and C.O.B. orders by phone.

Non VIP Library orders add $3 for shipping and handling in USA. Canada $4. Foreign
$6. COD orders add an additional $2.75. Checks allow 3 weeks for delivery.

VIP Calc

FAST 4-color POPUP menus • PRINT SPOOLER
32, 40, 64 and 80 Column HARDWARE display!
Runs VERY VERY FAST at double clock speed!

Now every CoCo 3 owner has access to a calculating and planning tool better than
VisiCalc™, containing all its features and commands and then some. VIP Calc III allows a
large worksheet with up to 51 2 columns by 1024 rowsl In addition, VIP Calc III has up to 1 6
windows which allow you to compare and contrast results of changes. Other features
include 8 AND 16 digit precision • trig, functions • averaging • algebraic functions • column
and row ascending and descending SORTS • locate formulas or titles in cells • block move
and replicate • global or local column width * limitless programmable functions * create
BAR charts. Embed printer control codes for customized printing. Combine spreadsheet
data with VIP Writer documents to create ledgers, projections, statistical & financial
budgets and reports. DISK $69.95

Available through Radio Shack Express Order Cat. #900-0916

VIP Calc owners: Upgrade to the VIP Calc III for $29.95 + $3 S/H.

Send original disk and $32.95 total,

Buy RGB-DOS for $29.95,

Get Hard Disk support, new commands and a Disk Drive FREE!*
Sounds too good to be true? If you own a Radio Shack FD 502 or other
double sided Disk Drive, using RGB-DOS, you can access the other side
of your Disk Drive giving a second disk drive absolutely free!* RGB-
DOS also supports up to 2 Hard Drives that can be used by DISK
BASIC as well as OS-9. RGB-DOS works with CoCo 1, 2 and 3 and
supports double sided drives and faster stepping rates. Other
features include: Full screen directory display shows drive #, free
space and even a disk name! • RUNM command and FLEXIKEY Last
Command Recall and Edit system • EPROM version executes any
program when CoCo is turned on for hands free start-up. 64K Req'd.

All products run under RSDOS and are not copy protected.

A comparative-look at the various word processors
available on the CoCo market

Deciding What's

WriteforYo

|hoosing a word processor will
probably be the most important
and difficult software decision
you make in your computing life. You
had better choose well, because if you're
a typical user, the word processor will
become the most-used program in your
software collection. There is a wide
variety of word processors on the CoCo
market. Some are relatively expensive,
some dirt cheap — but all handle the
basic features of disk or tape I/O, etc.
The decision will be based on the fea-
tures you want — a spelling checker,
table of contents generator, large buffer
size, etc. Be sure to take some time and
give a lot of thought to the one you
select, because word processors are not
like games; you do not buy a new one
every month. And once you invest the
time it takes to thoroughly learn a
system and grow comfortable with it,
you are not likely going to want to
change. You'll have to live with it for a
long time, and you'll grow to love it.

When it comes to word processors,
people tend to be rather subjective.
Here at Falsoft, we use Tandy's MS-
DOS computers for production because
our typesetting system is set up to work
with them. Which means, of course,
that for production we use MS-DOS
word processors. Managing Editor
Jutta Kapfhammer's favorite MS-DOS
word processor is Telecommuter. Tech-
nical Editor Cray Augsburg's favorite is
WordStar 2000. Reviews Editor Lauren
Willoughby favors Xy Write III Plus.

Lonnie's favorite (you all know who he
is, right?) is WordPerfect 5.0.

Because we are moving to a new
typesetting system (Linotype) that is
geared toward total electronic publish-
ing, it has been decided that the editorial
department standardize on word pro-
cessors, using only one for production.
And guess whose personal preference it
is that we are all adopting? You guessed
it — Lonnie's! In less than a week, we
are all supposed to be editing and
generating copy on WordPerfect 5.0. As
you can probably tell, we are not at all
thrilled with the idea. As a matter of
fact, some of us will make the change
kicking and screaming all the way. You
see, word processors are personal kinds
of things. You get very attached to the
one you've been using. It's like getting
accustomed to and driving what you
feel is a Ferrari for years and one
morning finding a Cadillac in your
driveway. Cadillacs are nice, but . . .

Sorry, back to personal preferences
and the CoCo.

Cray's personal favorite in the CoCo
realm is Simply Better, a new CoCo 3
word processor that is a little like VIP
Writer III Version 1. It lets you do all
sorts of neat things — including sorts!
Jutta's personal favorite is Telewriter-
64, which lets her accomplish writing
and editing tasks with menu-driven
ease. And Lauren favors VIP Writer III,
especially the new Version 2, because of
its speedy command-driven operation
and its new backspace key.

In a review a few months ago, Lauren
sang the praises of VIP Writer II I to the
high heavens, even going so far as to say
that it was "setting the standard for
CoCo 3 word processing." That may or
may not be true, but it should be noted
that she was under the influence of
subjectivitis. (Actually, Telewriter- 128
for the CoCo 3 came out about the same
time as VIP Writer III, and the two are
pretty much neck-and-neck with perfor-
mance and operation — except that
Telewriter-128 is menu-driven — so
maybe it set the standard.) If she
stepped on some toes, she apologizes.
We all are guilty of favoritism.

Here on the staff we've driven the
various word processors around the
block, but we hadn't taken them out on
a road trip. Now that we have, here is
a revelation, the most important thing
we've learned in life: At the baseline, all
word processors are pretty much alike.

All word processors let you type in
text, edit it, store it, print it, call it back
up and delete it. Primarily, the ability
to save text is what makes word proces-
sors so wonderful.

In light of this revelation, we are
going to have to amend our reviews
editor's brash proclamation of VIP as
the be-all and end-all of CoCo word
processors. Now that we have test-
driven all these programs, we are tho-
roughly confused. So, if you're reading
this to find out what's the absolute best
word processor available, you won't
find that answer here. First you have to

THE RAINBOW April 1989

ask yourself what kind of person you
are, and then you'll know which word
processor is right for you. (More on this
later.)

What Can You Do With Them?

If you've read this far wondering
what all the fuss was about, and you
have no earthly idea what a word pro-
cessor is, where have you been? No
doubt most of you already know what
a word processor is. Maybe word pro-
cessing is the reason you purchased
your Color Computer in the first place.
Simply, very simply, a word processor
is like a magic typewriter that lets you
change what you type after you type it.
Then it lets you print out what you
typed — as many times as you want. No
more duplication of effort.

It gives you a way to come clean, at
least with copy. If your handwriting is
lousy and your typing is worse, word
processors are the only way to go! It
doesn't matter how badly you type,
because you can always retype. And
retype and retype until you get it right

— but only the part you keep messing
up. Never again will you have to key in
the same information over and over.
Your word processor (provided you
have a storage device such as a cassette
recorder or a disk drive) can store your
work for you and spit it out on demand.

Word processors are the ultimate
writing tools, and they are flexible. You
can write novels, research papers and
letters, or you could use them merely to
automate your grocery list-making
process. You can leave notes to yourself
in a file that you call up every day.
Because all a word processor does is
store information.

Would You Believe ... a "Wordbase"?

Databases are designed to store infor-
mation, but they are structured so that
you have to know exactly what kind of
information you're going to fill them
with before you get around to entering
any. Reviews Editor Lauren Willoughby
uses her word processor as a "free-
form" database all the time, and she
says the "search" part of the universal

search-and-replace feature serves her
better than a standard database. She
knows this because she's tried data-
bases, both of the MS-DOS variety and
the CoCo kind, and using the word
processor is faster for her.

As reviews editor, she has to keep
track of reviewers and their assorted
equipment. If the information were kept
in a database, there 'd have to be at least
40 fields to contain it. But most review-
ers do not have 40 pieces of equipment
— say, 10 things on a list of 40, at the
most. So when entering data on her
reviewers, she'd be entering a lot of
"no"s in fields pertaining to equipment
they do not have.

Instead, all the reviewers are kept in
an ASCII file. Lauren merely types the
name of the reviewer, then just types the
equipment that he or she does have (and
if this gets tedious, macros can be called
upon to type in repetitive material — to
type in "modem" every time ALT-M is
pressed, for example). If she needs to
find a reviewer who has a modem, she
goes to the top of the file and initiates

CoCo 3 Word Processors

Elite* Word/ 80

Advantages: It is a mature, easy-to-
learn word processor with a suitable
range of commands. All the options
available are at the top of the screen in
a command line. There is mail merge
and support for the 512K CoCo 3.
Disadvantages: It lacks some of the
"new" word processing features such as
print spooling and auto-saving. The
spelling checker is not included with the
package, but is available separately.
CoCoNutshell: It makes a good word
processor for business and school use,
and is easy to learn. The ever-present
menu interface should make it simple
even for a child to use.
For more information, see the review in
March 1987's RAINBOW, Page 134.

Simply Better

Advantages: It's got features, speed and
ease of use. It can do sorts, line num-
bering, mail merge, and even generate
an index and table of contents. There
are "tasks," or macros, that can auto-
mate a lot of your work.
Disadvantages: There is no supplied
spelling checker, though it can work
with generic spelling checkers that
accept ASCII files. There is no backs-
pace key.

CoCoNutshell: With all its features, it
is ideal for the word processing power
user. It's also good for anybody else. It's
simple to learn, yet the power is there
for those who wish to delve deeper.
Business users will appreciate mail
merge and forms fill-in.
For more information, see the review in
this issue o/THE RAINBOW, Page 134.

Telewriter~128

Advantages: The extensive use of dia-
log boxes and windows results in very
clean, efficient and smooth operation.
A Help screen is available, and docu-
ments can be previewed onscreen.
There are 26 macros that can each be
used to store up to 127 characters of
often-used text. There is also a conver-
sion program that lets TW-64 .BIN files
work on TW-128.

Disadvantages: There is neither mail
merge nor a spelling checker, but any
ASCII-based spelling checker should
work.

CoCoNutshell: It is a full-blown word
processor, offering virtually all the
features you would expect to need for
most applications.

For more information, see the review in
May 1988 's RAINBOW, Page 133.

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 27

a search for the text string "modem."
The word processor will then zip
through every occurrence of the word.

Granted, this procedure might get a
little tedious if there were thousands of
reviewers to keep track of — a database
might be the best bet then — however,
there are only about 100. But one thing
traditional databases will let you do that
you cannot replicate in a word proces-
sor is print out lists of indexed items.

Outward Bound

In conjunction with a desktop pub-
lishing program, a word processor lets
you build your own typesetting opera-
tion. Yes, many desktop publishing
programs are designed to let you gener-
ate copy (like CoCo Newsroom), but it
is infinitely easier to prepare the text in
a program that was designed for prepar-
ing text, then import the file into the
desktop publishing program (as Home
Publisher recommends you do). Desk-
top publishers are designed to coordi-
nate text and graphics in a pleasing
combination.

You can create family or club newslet-
ters with your word processor alone,
but if you want to get fancy with fonts
and the like, you really need a desktop
publisher. If it's got to do with the
dissemination of information of any
kind whatsoever — whether it's a club
bulletin, a song, a newscast, a novel, a
play, a movie, etc. — chances are very
likely that at one time it was just a
collection of thoughts typed into a
computer keyboard and stored in a
word processing file.

Getting Technical

You can even program with word
processors! If BASIC'S EDIT feature
leaves you wanting more editing abili-
ties, try typing in and editing your
programs in your word processor. You
must first convert the binary file into
ASCII (S9HZ"filename'\n) before you
can import the file, though.

One of the first uses Technical Editor
Cray Augsburg found for his word
processor was creating return address
labels. Using programmable tasks, it

was a simple matter to enter his name
and address just one time and print as
many labels as needed. He would set the
top margin to zero and the bottom
margin and page length to 6 for use with
1-inch labels, making sure the text was
centered in a six-line range and the
function was programmed to print a
single label. When asked for the number
of times the task was to be executed, he
just entered the number of labels he
wanted. During the holidays, he adds a
season's greetings message in a special
font.

Programming is another area in
which Cray uses his word processor.
Full- screen editing makes it a breeze to
enter and edit programs. And the global
search and replace feature sure helps
when you want to change all those
PRINT statements to PRINTtt-2. Also,
with the "auto-numbering" feature
found in many new word processors,
you don't have to enter the line
numbers. The only drawback is that you
have to exit the word processor to take
the program on a test drive.

CoCo 3 Word Processors (continued)

TextPro IV

TEX TRRO X V V 1 T3~

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Advantages: It's a power user's dream
come true. If we Ye talking features, this
is the final word. It can display up to
212 columns by 24 lines, with onscreen
display of bold, italics and underlining.
It includes nine Hi-Res screen fonts and
does mail merge.

Disadvantages: It works mainly as a
line editor, so writing text can be
tedious. There is an auto-line-
numbering function, but even using
that can be tedious. It is difficult to
learn, and you have to think like a
programmer.

CoCoNutshell: If you are a power-
hungry user and don't mind entering
your text as lines, then this would be the
word processor for you. It makes a
good editor for programming.
For more information, look for a re-
view in an upcoming issue of THE
RAINBOW.

VIP Writer III, V. 2

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Advantages: It's fast and colorful. The
native 80 columns make screen updates
relatively speedy. The print spooler
frees up the machine when you're print-
ing long files. The addition of the
backspace key makes cursor movement
more intuitive. A help menu pops up
over text when the user exits the text
mode to go up to the command line.
Disadvantages: To get mail merge, you
need VIP Database, a companion pro-
duct.

CoCoNutshell: It's a good general-
purpose word processor, fit for hard-
core users and especially for users who
also work with word processing on
other machines. It is part of a library
of companion programs.
For more information, see the review in
this issue of TUB RAINBOW, Page 132.

Word Power 3.2

Advantages: It offers lots of features,
incorporating pluses such as a calcula-
tor and a split-screen window. The
initial menu is intuitive and is very easy
to use. It offers a spelling checker and
a style checker and supports 5 1 2K. The
configuration program is simple to run.
Disadvantages: Text can be displayed
at 80 columns only, which may cause
eyestrain for people accustomed to the
larger 40-column characters.
CoCoNutshell: Mail merge and the
calculator make it an excellent word
processor for business. Its ease of use
and intuitive interface also make it
good for a general-purpose word pro-
cessor. Students will appreciate the
spelling and style checkers.
For more information, see the review of
WordPower 3.1 in October 1988's
RAINBOW, Page 120.

28 THE RAINBOW April 1989

Telewriter-128

the Color Computer 3 Word Processor

TELEWRITER: UNDISPUTED #1

If you've read the other word processor ads,
you've probably had your fill of cold lists of
features, and claims of ultimate speed, power,
and ease of use. So let's try to get past the
overblown claims and empty buzz words— with 2
simple facts:

Fact 1: Telewriter is undisputedly the #1 most
popular word processor on the Tandy Color
Computers.

Fact 2: Telewriter's exemplary ease of use and
power have been acclaimed in numerous maga-
zine reviews and in thousands of letters and calls
from end users.

THE OTHERS DON'T UNDERSTAND

So why has Telewriter gained such a large and
loyal following, while other Color Computer
word processors have come and gone? Ironically,
our competitors' ads tell you exactly why.

For them, word processing is nothing more than
features and numbers. The longer the list of
features, and the bigger the numbers, the better
the word processor. Or so they think.

They just don't understand that power and ease of
use are not gained by tacking on random features
or throwing in freebie utilities or forcing you to
use a cumbersome mouse.

Real Power, true Ease of Use, and genuine Speed
can only be attained through thoughtful, logical,
intelligent design, attention to detail, and a com-
mitment to the act and the art of writing. That's
the Telewriter tradition, and that's the reason for
Telewriter's phenomenal success.

TELEWRITER-128: INTELLIGENT
DESIGN PERFECTED

And now, Telewriter-128, the latest Telewriter,
uses the added hardware power of the Color
Computer 3 to bring this intelligent design to its
logical perfection.

Telewriter-128 adds unsurpassed speed and
important new features to the already impressive
arsenal of Telewriter-64. Not just speed for
speed's sake, or features for the sake of
advertising— but speed where it counts and fea-
tures that make you a more efficient, more effec-
tive writer.

Rainbow magazine put it this way: "Tele-
writer-128 will set the word processing standard
for the Color Computer 3 because it is so simple
and user friendly. ... The 81-page tutorial/user's
manual is nicely done. It is written in easy to
understand language but the program itself is so
easy. . . . Most people will be able to use the
software right out of the package."

TELEWRITER-128 OR DESKTOP
PUBLISHING

Desktop publishing is nice for adding pictures
and fancy fonts to newsletters or business
presentations— but its graphics orientation sacri-
fices some important capabilities when it comes to
working with words.

If your main concern is expressing ideas through
words (notes, letters, reports, papers, novels,
etc.), the dedicated word processing power of
Telewriter-128 still provides the most efficient tool
for the job. Each tool has its place— desktop
publishing for striking visuals, Telewriter-128, for
effective writing.

TELEWRITER-1 28 OR TELEWRITER-64

You can no longer affon' io be without the ease,
power, and efficiency, that Telewriter brings to
everything you write.

Telewriter-128 for the Color Computer 3 costs
$79.95 on disk, $69.95 on cassette.

For the Color Computer 1&2, Telewriter-64 costs
$59.95 on disk, $49.95 on cassette.

To order by MasterCard or Visa,

call (619) 755-1258 anytime, or send check to:

COGNITEC

704 Nob Avenue
Del Mar, CA 92014

(Add $2 S&H. Californians add 6% tax. To upgrade
from TW-64 to TW-I28 send original TW-64 disk and
$41.95.)

Telewriter is also available through your nearby
Radio Shack Computer Center and participating
Radio Shack stores and dealers— or order direct
from Express Order by dialing 1-800-321-3133.

Ask for: Telewriter-128 (disk) ... cat #90-0909
Telewriter-64 (disk) .... cat #90-0254
Telewriter-64 (cass) cat #90-0253

FEATURES THAT MATTER: Telewriter's out-
standing design and its complete set of features, put
it in a class by itself, for smooth, efficient writing
and letter perfect printed documents. Telewriter-128
includes:

Unbeatable SCREEN PERFORMANCE: lightning
fast paging and scrolling, on-screen text that never
lags behind your typing, and a response that is
always instantaneous, no matter how much text is in
the buffer, or where you are in the document.

26 User definable MACRO KEYS type your often
used phrases and titles with a single keypress— saving
you time and freeing your concentration for writing.
User settabie DUAL SPEED CURSOR moves you
anywhere on the line, on the page, or in the docu-
ment, fast or slow—you decide, with the touch of a
finger. Fast PRINT PREVIEW MODE shows you
text as it will print: headers, footers, margins, page
breaks, page numbers, justification— saves time and
paper and guarantees perfect looking documents
everytime.

Instant, ON-LINE HELP summarizes all Tele-
writer-128 commands and special symbols. The On-
line OPTIONS MENU lets you instantly customize
the writing environment at any time to suit your
precise needs (Screen/character color, Monochrome
on/off, Key repeat/delay rate, 2 Cursor repeat/delay
rates, Case-sensitivity of search, Auto file backup
on/off, and more). A SINGLE FUNCTION KEY
takes you instantly to any menu, so you never have
to stop and think.

The 24, 25 or 28 LINE SCREEN DISPLAY option
lets you see 16% more on-screen text (28), or wider
line spacing (25). The auto-loading OPTIONS FILE
stores all your Macros, Print Format settings, and
Options Menu settings, so they are always there
everytime you run Telewriter-128. 3 pop-up STATUS
WINDOWS tell you cursor position, word count,

free space, etc.

The QUICK SAVE feature lets you instantly save
your current document with just 2 keystrokes and
without leaving the editor. CURSOR THROUGH
DIRECTORY to Load, Append, Rename and Kill
files— so you'll never type a filename after the first
time. HANGING INDENTS help you organize ideas
on the page more effectively. Also: Footers, Multiple
Print, Print to Disk, Key Click, Key Repeat, 40/80
Column Option, Overstrike, Word Delete, Nested
Macros, Definable Foreign and Math Symbols and
more. , , .

And, of course, Telewriter-128 incorporates all the
Features of TELEWRITER-64, like: Works with
absolutely any printer that works with your Color
Computer (1, 2, or 3). Uses simple Embedded Con-
trol Codes so all intelligent features of your printer
are easily accessed, including: Underlining,
Boldface, variable Fonts, Sub-script, Super-script,
Italics etc.

Format commands allow dynamically changing
Margins, Headers, Spacing, Centering, etc., any-
where in the document. Format menu sets Margins,
Spacing, Page numbering, Baud rate, Lines per
page, Justification. Chain Printing means the size of
your printed document is unlimited. Also Single
page and Partial Print.

Fast full-screen editor with wordwrap, text align-
ment, block copy/move/delete, global search and
replace, wild card search, fast 4-way auto-repeat
cursor, fast scrolling, forward and backward paging,
settabie tabs, word and line counter, full error pro-
tection. Insert or delete anywhere on screen. Simple,
easy to remember, "mnemonic" Editor Commands.
Load, Save, Append, Partial Save files to disk or
cassette. Kill, rename and list disk files. ASCII file
compatibility.

VISA

rj-nr i/TfiirTCM

«< GIWIESOFT »>

A new generation of Color Computer products

MAXSOUND

A High Quality Digital Audio Sampler and Sequencer

Turn your CoCo III into a REAL digital audio sampler with HIGH quality audio reproduction. Easily
add exotic effects, ECHO, stuttering, speed shifting, sequencing, and reverse audio to BASIC or ML
programs or GRAPHICS! Now includes Data Compression. Imagine recording any Voice, Music, or
Sound effect and being able to use these DIGITAL recordings in your own programs! 3 disk sides
includes: INTERFACT/BIN • ML driver for sound effects. G&M/BAS - Adds sound effects to
Graphics. SHOWTIME and DEMO disks. SCOPE/BAS - Turns CRT into a Digital Oscilloscope to
look at MAXSOUND waveforms. Version 3.0 upgrade (Includes improved ECHO and the ability
to print NAMETAGS and locations to the screen and/or printer) $6.95 + Shipping & Handling

"Maxaound. . .bringing a new era to the CoCo Community"
•Cray Augsburg, June '88 Rainbow Review

Call to hear 'OVER THE PHONE" Demo - 9am to 9pm VOICE only.
DOWNLOAD Demo Files 300/1200/2400 24 hrs * 301-675-7626 MODEM only.
Requirements * ™™ (128k or 512k CoCo IH only) DISK — $59»95

Maxsound Soundtracks & Graphics

These exciting disks are samples of what can be created with MAXSOUND and CoCo Max III!
These unbelievable soundstracks w/graphics DO NOT require the MAXSOUND program to run.

Airwolf
Knight Rider
Startrek

128k $5.95

Probe

5 in 1 Demo (Airwolf, Startrek, Knight Rider, Probe, Other World)

512k..,

..$5.95

512k.

..$5.95

512k

..$5.95

512k. . ,

,..$9.95

Hfl IHBOW
-CEM1 irCUPlfln

V-Terrn Terminal Emulator

Communicate with VAX, UNIX, Mainframe, and BBS Systems!

-VT-100, VT-52, Vidtex (includes RLE graphics display), and standard CRT emulations.
-Developed and tested on a UNIX system using the EMACS and VI full-screen editors.
•All 128 ASCII characters accessible from the keyboard.

-Uses a high-resolution graphics screen to implement a highly readable 80-column screen.

-Menus can be operated concurrently with other terminal functions. (Disk Basic!)

-Full 28 line by 80 column screen, with 3 bottom lines protected for menus.

-Serial port up to 2400 baud, RS-232 Pak up to 9600 baud, DCModem Pak at 300 baud.

•XModem, XModem-CRC, Y-Modem, and ASCII file transfers directly to disk or memory.

-Prints disk or buffer files with settable margins, baud rate and word wrap.

-Full 128k or 512k support with a RAMDISK like buffer. Monochrome monitor support.

-Capture buffer, Snapshot, Conference mode, 35/40/80 Tracks, and over 56 pages of docs!

"...one of the most versatile and full featured terminal emulators lor the CoCo 3."

-Bryan Gridley, November '88 Rainbow Review

Version 02,00,00 upgrade $6.95 + S&H Disk (128k or 512k CoCo III only) |§f|i $39.95

Toll Free

1-800-441-GIME

Order line

]

Technical assistance: 7pm to 9pm
Orders: 9am to 9pm Eastern time
On-line orders and up to date
Information: Delphi's CoCo Slg

GIMMESOFT
P.O. Box 421
Perry Hall. MD 21128
301-256-7558 or 301-256-2953

Add $3.00 for shipping and handling
Add $3.00 for COD (USA only)
MD residents add 5% sales tax
VISA/ MC/ Check / Money Order/COD

«< GJM1ES0FT »>

A new generation of Color Computer products

Ms-

TelePak* vr/hd

A TRU L Y COMPATIBLE RS-232 INTERFACE!

Now, from Orion Technologies, comes the answer to the continuing demand for an RS-232 Interface. No
compatibility hassles! Uses standard DB25 cable. Compatible with RS-DOS 8c OS-9 software. Baud rates up to 19,200!
Enhances the Multi-tasking capabilities of the V-Term Terminal Emulator found on the opposite page. Only $49.95

COCO MaX III only)

THE BEST Graphics Package
See April '88 review. Disk ... $74.95

BOTH
$129.95

MAX-1 0 + (CoCo 111 only)

THE DAZZLING Desktop Publisher
CMS owners deduct $10. Disk ... $74.95

rj?4PWrQ OK < 512k 0000 m OIU V> Great with MAXSOUND and/or CoCo Max HI!

KJM%n*MMM OO^cJ up to 25 ONBOARD HIRES SCREENS! Six new BASIC commands. Fast & Smooth
Graphics animation. Save and Load graphics screens to and from disk. See September 1988 Rainbow review. Disk .. $19.95

MULTI-LABEL H 1 (Co Co 111 only) See July '87 review. An easy to use, versatile label creating program
including many new CoCo 111 features. Print multiple fonts on each label! This one's a MUST for the CoCo HI!! Disk .... $16.95

J 1 JVC IJ JJJ(CoCo 1/ 11/111} See April '87 review. A user friendly, programmable function key utility that creates up to 20
function keys. EDITOR, DOS mods, Single or Double sided, 35/40 tracks, DISABLE, and it's EPROMable!. Disk .. $19.95

SIXDRTVE (CoCo I/U/m) This machine language utility modifies DECB 1.0, 1.1, FKEYS m, or ADOS to allow the
use of 3 double-sided drives (or 2 D/S drives and J&R's RAMD1SKS) as 6 S/S drives. Disk $16.95

AUTO DEM (CoCo III only) See Jan. '88 review. This hardware device protects your monitor, or TV from IMAGE
BURN after a few minutes of inactivity from your keyboard. Illustrated and easy to install. Hardware $29.95

MPl-CoCo LOCklllg Plate (CoCo in only) See Sept '88 review. Protects your CoCo III and MultJ
Pak Interface from destroying each other! Please specify MPI number 26*3024 or 26*3124 when ordering! SALE $7.95

(CoCo III only) Become Rastann, Warrior King, on the quest to regain his rightful

crown hidden deep within a sinister land. Battle monsters, gain magic & weapons, and travel thru harsh wilderness 8c
dark castle dungeons in this medieval realm. From the creator of Kung-Fu Dude comes this awesome arcade game for the
CoCo ID! Uses the most detailed 320 x 200 16 color graphics 8c high speed ML code to vault you into a world of fantasy! Dare
ye challange the many perils ahead to become Warrior King? Requires 128k CoCo III, Disk drive, and Joystick .... $29.95

HALL OF THE KING TRILOGY (CoCo I/II/1II) See December 1988 Rainbow review. The epic

adventure is back! The largest adventure campaign ever seen for the CoCo is again available. A total of 6 DISK SIDES of
intense graphics adventure will have you playing for weeks! Each section is a 2 disk stand alone adventure, but all 3 together
form an epic saga! Quest for the legendary Earthstone in the ancient dwelling of the dwarves while you enjoy the classic
graphics that made this trilogy famous! Each adventure can be purchased separately for only $29.95, the lowest price ever , or
you can SAVE and purchase the entire set for only $74.95. Requires 64k, Disk drive, (and composite monitor for the CoCo 111).
Please specify HALL of the King 1, II, or III $29.95 each or the entire 6 DISK Trilogy for only $74.95

In Quest of the Star Lord (CoCo III only) See Aug '88 review. This is THE graphics

adventure for the CoCo HI! Unparalleled 320 x 200 animated graphics will leave you gasping for more! You quest for the
Phoenix Crossbow in this post-holocaust world of science and fantasy. Full 4 Disk sides of mind-numbing adventure!
Requires 128k CoCo in and Disk drive. HINT SHEET $3.95 (+ $1.00 S&H by itself) Disk $34.95

KUNG-FU DUDB(CoCo l/n/Ul) See Feb. '88 review. An exciting arcade game. The BEST karate game ever for
the CoCo! Destroy opponents and evade obstacles as you grow ever closer to your ultimate objective! Spectacular graphics,
sound effects, and animation! Requires 64k, Disk drive, and Joystick. Now displays color on CM8. Disk $24.95

FYRAMIX(CoCo Ul only) See Dec. '87 review. Brilliant colors, sharp graphics, and hot action in this 100% ML arcade
game. You'll enjoy hopping Kubix around the pyramid, avoiding Kaderf, Smack, Smuck, 8c the Death Square! Disk .. $19.95

brirf ^AD&D Character's Companion ( coco I/n/m) This great timesaving

TP^^^ utility helps create compatible AD&D characters. Includes dice rolling routine, pick ability, race 8c class. Buy from
the Players Handbook, magic items 8c spell materials. Save, load, and print character info. 3 Disk sides .... $24.95

White Fire of Eternity jT(CoCo l/n/Ul) See Dec '86 review. Enter the era of monsters 8c magic. Search for the
legendary power of White Fire throughout the Forbidden Wood 8c Dark Caverns in this 64k animated adventure! Disk.. $19.95

ChampiOIl (CoCo l/n/lll) See May '87 review. Become a superhero in this action adventure! Disk.. $19.95

DraQTOIl Blad€5( CoCo I/U/IU) See Nov '86 review. Slay evil dragon in this 64k animated adventure) Disk.. $19.95

Cray also finds his word processor
useful for cataloging books and records.
And the word processor was a godsend
for technical reports. Using CoCo Max
II, he created figures and equations for
engineering school assignments. Then
he would set the margins and text
blocks to leave room for the figures.
After printing the text, he would run the
paper through the printer a second time,
using Hardcopy to embed the figures in
his text. This process resulted in some
professional-looking reports.

Along this line, Cray would like to see
software producers provide a simple
way to use the IBM character set mode
of many printers to create graphics. On
an MS-DOS machine, special mathe-
matics and graphics symbols are avail-
able using the ALT key and numbers
from 160 to 254. Providing a means to
do the same thing in a CoCo word
processor would allow users who own
printers with the IBM character set to
create professional results easily.

Word Processing Comes Home

For home use, word processors are
handy for helping you type up and send
out letters. Back to the limited database
motif, they can help you keep lists, your
household inventories, etc. You can
type up and print out messages for
family members. You can keep track of
addresses and telephone numbers. For
club meetings you can print multiple
copies of newsletters or agendas or
minutes. Word processing sure beats
copying or typing multiple copies man-
ually!

Parents, imagine this: You could type
in your weekly grocery list and print out
several copies, one for each of your
children. Say, Johnny goes after the
fresh produce, Billy rounds up canned
fruit and veggies, Mary gathers the eggs
and the dairy products, and you can
choose the meat and then examine the
wares on the magazine rack. You could
keep a grocery list template on disk to
pull up every time you wanted to go to
the store, and just fill in the blanks.

Word Processing Plans a Party

At home, Managing Editor Jutta
Kapfhammer uses Telewriter-64 to
store her favorite recipes and to plan
weekly menus, dinner parties and small
get-togethers. Each recipe is stored in a
separate disk file, with separate disks
containing different food categories —
Appetizers, Beef, Chicken, Desserts,
Salads, Vegetables, etc. When she needs
a particular recipe in the kitchen, she
prints out a copy to refer to while

cooking. When the dish is done, she
simply discards the printout. No more
sticky recipe cards!

She organizes her menu planning in
separate files, too. A core file named
WEEKLY is set up for weekly menu plans:
Sunday through Saturday. She checks
her weekly schedule to determine which
nights she will be home for dinner, plans
meals accordingly, and reads in food
dishes from her recipe disks. She re-
views the printed weekly menus to see
if she is nutritionally on track, and also
to avoid duplication when planning the
following week's daily menus. The
printed weekly menus are also benefi-
cial for checking food inventory and
making out weekly shopping lists.

For small get-togethers and dinner
parties, Jutta has another set of menu
disks, which are categorized by the type
of menu she plans to serve — American,
Chinese, Mexican, Menus on a Shoe-
string, Parties for Four, Parties for 30
or More, Get-Ready-Quick Parties,
Snacks, etc.

For example, if she's having friends
over for an evening of card playing, she
might choose something from her
Snacks' menu disk, which includes
various menus of recipes for finger
foods, like Mexican Food Lover's De-
light — Mexican Pizza, Chile Con
Queso, Hot Picante Sauce and Guaca-
mole Dip served with side dishes of
nacho chips, sliced Monterey Jack and
pepper cheese, crackers and jalapeno
peppers. She simply selects the type of
party she wants to have, prints out the
recipes and lists of items for the menu,
and plans her shopping accordingly.

During the evening, if one of her
guests asks for a particular recipe,
making a printout is much less of a
chore than copying the entire recipe by
hand. After the party, she goes back to
her Snacks' disk and edits her menu for
Mexican Food Lover's Delight, indicat-
ing who attended the party (to avoid
duplication of menu items the next time
the same people are invited to dinner),
preparation time, amount of leftovers,
etc.

Word Processing Goes to School

Have you ever typed up a 10-page
term paper and realized about an hour
before class that in your sleepy careless-
ness you left out two important para-
graphs on Page 8? If you typed up the
paper using a typewriter, you'd be in
trouble indeed. But if you had used a
word processor, a problem like this
would be no sweat. You'd just reopen
your document and add in those two

missing paragraphs, print out a new
copy, and then dash off to class to earn
your good grade.

As everyone knows, teachers prefer
typed copy over handwritten assign-
ments. In fact, some demand it. And
they prefer clean pages over heavily
edited copy. Word processors give you
that clean copy. If you notice a mistake
on your work, instead of drawing in
editing or proofreading marks, you can
just make the change and print out a
new copy.

Also, teachers prefer to read words
that are correctly spelled. Some word
processors come with spelling checkers,
which check your document for errors.
Spelling checkers vnU notice only mis-
spellings of common words. Words that
are not in its dictionary are assumed to
be incorrect. Usually they will tell you
that you misspelled your name, but they
won't tell you that you used then when
you should have used than. Of the word
processors that do not have a spelling
checker built in, most likely you can run
a generic spelling checker on them, one

CoCo 3 Word Processors (continued)

Max-10

Advantages: In a word — graphics. In
two words ~ graphics, fonts. It gives
true WYSIWYG display The point-
and-click operation is effortless and
speedy. A Hi-Res interface is provided.
There is an integrated, internal spelling
checker. Even downloaded Mac graph-
ics can be imported.
Disadvantages: Its graphics make it
slower than the programs that use the
80-column display. For the business end
of business, it lacks — no mail merge.
Though there is no copy-protection on
the disks, the required hardware
"clicker" on early versions can become
annoying.

CoCoNutshell: If you already own
CoCo Max graphics software, you
must have this companion program.
Desktop publishing can be accomp-
lished.

For more information, see the review in
January 1989 $ s RAINBOW, Page 118.

32 THE RAINBOW April 1969

THIS MONTHS

by Nickolas Ma rentes

Help Rupert infiltrate 1 'Music Box Records ' ' and collect
all of his stolen notes which are scattered throughout
the complex. Ride the crazy elevators and beware of the
security robots on patrol.

Rupert Rythym is a strategy arcade game featuring 1 7
different 16 color graphic screens and some of the hottest
digitized percussion music and vocals you Ve ever heard
on your Tandy Color Computer 3.

Available on Disk or Tape. . .$24.95

ALL PROGRAMS REQUIRE A COLOR COMPUTER 3 DISK OR TAPE SYSTEM.

Personal checks, money orders, and American C.O.D. orders accepted. Include $3.00 for S/H. $2.50 extra
for C.O.D. orders. (Cal. res. add 6.5 % tax.)

ATTENTION PROGRAMMERS: Game Point Software is looking for talented writers. Top royalties guaranteed.

warp Fimbor

by Steve Bjork

Blast in to Hyper-Drive with
this fun-filied starship shoot-
em-up! You 'II have a cap-
tains' eye view out of your
3-D cockpit as you try to rid
the galaxy of the evil enemy
forces. Game includes 3-D
glasses and works on any
Color T. V. , Composite or
RGB monitor.

$24.95

(Extra Glasses $2.95)

by Steve Bjork

Based on a popular arcade game which we can t mention (But
sounds like ' 'Art Gannoyed' '). BASH challenges you to clear
the screen by "BASHING"
your ball through multiple
brick layers. Of course you II
have help getting through
this 20 level game by activ-
ating options like, Slow Ball,
Expanded Paddle, Multi-Bali,

and more!

$24.95

Enemy alien creatures have
been identified entering our
solar system, their destina-
tion: our home planet! Their
goal: the total annihilation
of our race. They must not
be allowed to land!
An action arcade game fea-
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that accepts ASCII text (provided your
program can output ASCII text — most
can). One CoCo word processor, Word-
Power, even has a rudimentary gram-
mar checker.

Finally, most professors prefer text
output on a daisy-wheel printer (which
produces copy that looks like it rolled
out of a typewriter) over a dot-matrix
printer (which composes its letters as
patterns of dots). But professors can't
have everything.

Getting Down to Business

Again along the limited database line,
you could use your word processor to
keep track of addresses and contacts,
etc. If you write to the same companies
over and over regarding the same types
of things, you could just keep a copy of
the letter you use on file (disk file) and
later add in things like the date. The
benefit of word processing is the auto-
mation of your writing process. You can
store templates of frequently-used let-
ters and memos. When you're ready to

print out your correspondence and send
it, you call up the letter shell and type
in the name and address and any other
pertinent information.

If your word processor has a feature
called mail merge, you can automate
your correspondence even more by
printing out all your letters at once in
a batch. Mail merge lets you join a
template letter or document with a list
of information — a mailing list of
names and addresses you've purchased
from a business associate, for example.
Think of the letter as a constant and the
list of information as variables; your
printer will join them in a brief marriage
that produces one customized and
personal document for every item of
information on your "variable" list.

Mail merge is a handy feature if you
do a lot of repetitive, routine correspon-
dence. Our reviews editor uses it a lot,
especially for requesting software and
hardware from companies.

Some people make and fill out forms
with their word processors.

What's Available?

Quite a few word processors, actually.
There are even different versions of the
same program for the different models
of the machine. VIP, Telewriter and
Elite* Word, for example, have two
versions each: one for CoCos 1 and 2,
and one for the CoCo 3.

CoCo 1 and 2 Word Processors

One of the oldest of all the CoCo
word processors, Scripsit is still around
and kicking as Color Scripsit II, and it
is still on a ROM pack, which means
that to store files with it you need a
cassette recorder. But you're limited to
32-column format and no true lower-
case.

VIP Writer is another standard; it
was one of the first word processors to
break away from the limiting 32-
column screen, expanding users' horiz-
ons with 64 columns. And it also shows
lowercase as true lowercase. Of course,
as it creates graphics characters to serve
as letters, instead of using the native

OS-9 Word Processors

DeskMate & DeskMate 3

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Advantages: The word processors are
packaged with several other useful
applications, giving the programs a
rounded feel overall. They are easy to
learn and are a good gateway into OS-
9 for beginners.

Disadvantages: They are heavily lack-
ing in features. The software is hard-
coded to allow a maximum output
baud rate of only 1200. You cannot
embed printer codes to give a more
professional look to the output.
CoGoNutshell: The two are good for
newcomers and those who only want to
produce informal letters and memos.
Others may want to steer clear unless
they absolutely need an integrated
package under OS-9.
For more information, see reviews in
the April 1986 (Page 198) and De-
cember 1987 (Page 129) RAINBOW s.

DynaStar

Advantages: The oldest of the OS-9
word processors, it includes versions
for both Level I and Level II OS-9. It's
filled with features and is relatively easy
to use. It allows index and table of
contents generation.
Disadvantages: The manual lacks tu-
torial material. The cursor is controlled
with control key combinations rather
than the arrow keys, making movement
through the text somewhat awkward,
especially for beginners. The spelling
checker costs extra.
CoCoNutshell: It is an excellent word
processor for business and home use,
whether for clerical or programming
work.

For more information, see the review in
July 1984 s RAINBOW, Page 220.

Xword

Advantages: It offers full support for
use on Level I and Level II systems.
And it supports any Word-Pak for 80-
column editing on any CoCo. It's full-
featured, including proportional justifi-
cation for professional-looking reports
and other work. The print formatter
includes initialization files for several
common printers. It has a high feature-
to-dollar ratio, and it uses the arrow
keys for movement through the text.
Disadvantages: The manual lacks tu-
torial material. The mail merge and
spelling checker cost extra. It was
sometimes difficult to get through
Microtech's answering/ ordering ser-
vice to obtain support.
CoCoNutshell: Again, it is great for any
application and is an excellent deal for
anyone using OS^9.
For more information, see the review in
July 1986's RAINBOW, Page 170.

34 THE RAINBOW April 1989

letters themselves, the program is a bit
slow. But at the time of its introduction
VIP Writer was truly revolutionary.
VIP Writer is part of an integrated
package that includes a database, a
spelling checker, telecommunications,
spreadsheet and disk repair programs.

Another word processor that broke
new ground for CoCo word processing
is Tele writ et '-64, which can also show
text at greater than 32 columns. Tele-
writer saves its files by default in a
binary file format instead of ASCII,
which conserves disk space. While
you're entering text in the text mode,
the screen seems similar to VIP Writer,
but Telewriter is menu-driven. You can
toggle back and forth between text and
menu modes.

Both VIP Writer and Telewriter have
been upgraded, or "patched," for var-
ious features. Telepatch is an important
accessory for Telewriter-64, giving it
such features as key repeat. VIP Writer
has been patched to allow it to work on
the CoCo 3.

Elite* Word is another of the early
word processors. As far as user inter-
faces go in its class, Elite's is probably
the easiest to navigate. The commands
available are always visible at the top of
the screen; 32 columns are not enough
to contain them all, but the ENTER key
cycles through them while in the "com-
mand" mode. To initiate a command
from the menu, you press the first letter
of the command. Elite* Word is also
part of an integrated family of programs
that includes a spelling checker, a
terminal program, a spreadsheet and a
database manager.

CoCo 3 Word Processors j

The birth of the CoCo 3 saw a ver-
itable explosion of word processors
written especially to take advantage of
the machine's enhanced features. Power
begat power, and now we users have a
field of excellent CoCo 3 word proces-
sors to choose from.

One of the first of the older word
processors to break from the pack into
the CoCo 3 realm was Telewriter-64,
which became Telewriter- 128. The 64-
column display expanded into 80 co-
lumns onscreen at a time, which is
native to the machine. So Telewriter
became much faster — it no longer had
to translate typed characters into graph-
ics characters and then perform all the
calculations and screen redrawing ne-
cessary to reflect changes made as a user
typed in or manipulated text. Going
from the top to the bottom of a docu-
ment became almost instantaneous.

And moving up and down screen pages
required no time-consuming redrawing
of pages. By default Telewriter-128 now
saves files as ASCII files rather than
binary.

Like Telewriter's transformation into
Telewriter-128, VIP Writer had gone
turbo. It could also naturally display 80
columns on the CoCo screen. Which
means, of course, that screen updates
are a whole lot faster. Other improve-
ments include a print spooler. Version
2 is yet another major revision for VIP
Writer III, adding a configuration
program, a popup help window and a
backspace key.

Elite* Word also made the move from
CoCo 1 and 2 to CoCo 3. Like VIP and
Telewriter, it also moved to the CoCo
3's native 40 and 80 columns. The screen
format is retained, but now more of the
available options can fit at the top of the
screen at one time; in 80 columns, they
all can.

WordPower 3.2 is another powerful
contender in the CoCo 3 word process-
ing arena. Just think of any word
processing feature — chances are very
likely that WordPower has it. Word-
Power packs a lot of features. Though
its origins are with the CoCo 3, it has
already gone through a couple of up-
grades, and Version 3.3 is in the works.
WordPower already includes the now-
standard 80-column screen, and it even
has spelling and grammar checkers.

WordPower is in a perpetual process
of evolution. The people at Microcom
welcome your comments. In fact, if you
call them up and tell them you wish
WordPower had such-and-such
feature, chances are that you will see
that feature in the program's next
incarnation. They have even been
known to customize the program for
their registered users.

A newcomer, Simply Better is a word
processor that might make the market
sit up and take notice. It looks a lot like
VIP Writer III Version 1, but it adds
such things as sorting abilities and index
generation. This is another program
brimming with features, yet it's sold at
rock-bottom prices.

Simply Better's "Window" com-
mand, which splits the screen in two, in
effect opens up another independent
word processor on the screen. You can
work on two documents at the same
time, switching back and forth between
them with the CLEAR key. The feature
supports the cutting and pasting of text
between documents.

If you're a serious-minded power user
with an eye toward complex document

formatting, TextPro from Cer-Comp
may be the way to go. With its
command-driven line editor operation,
it seems more like a programming
environment than a word processor. In
fact, it's marketed equally as a text
editor, which means you can use it for
programming. But it's not easy to learn.
Cer-Comp tells you that up front — it
was not designed for the casual comput-
erist. TextPro's typical user would be a
hacker or someone who wants to write
and format a long document, such as a
manual.

With its formatting commands, Text-
Pro can display up to 212 characters
onscreen, although it is advised that for
clarity 160 characters is the visual upper
limit (on a Hi-Res monochrome mon-
itor). It can also show onscreen bold,
italics and underlining. There are con-
figurations for several printers, includ-
ing the Okidata Laserline 6, a laser
printer that Cer-Comp used to print its
typeset-quality manual.

Max-10 is a new breed of word pro-
cessor. It is a word processor, yet it's
more, and maybe, less. It goes back to
the old method of displaying its char-
acters — as graphics characters, which
makes it slower. But its benefit is that
it allows you to choose from a wide
variety of fonts, almost like a desktop
publisher. You can even incorporate
graphics as picture files. You could
either consider it a word processor with
desktop publishing features, or a desk-
top publisher with word processing
features.

The interface is exciting — mouse- or
joystick-driven with pull-down menus
and dialog boxes. It offers a true WY-

Be amazed or your money back,

\ ^ See big ad around page 18, &!*0 RW *"J.

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 35

SIWYG (What You See Is What You
Get) display! Another plus is the spell-
ing checker, which is integrated, allow-
ing you to access the dictionary from
within the program.

OS-9 Word Processors

In terms of editing features, there is
really little difference between Disk
BASIC and OS-9 word processors. The
exception is that the full-featured OS-
9 word processors are more modular:
One program is used to enter and edit
the text file and another is used to
format and print it out. All codes for
margins, headers, print styles, etc., to be
read by the formatter are entered within
the text by the editor.

This arrangement stems from the
days of Level 1, when having both
programs in memory severely reduced
the text buffer size as well as limited the
system's resources for other processes.
This has carried over into Level II. The
main disadvantage to this setup is that
you don't get any form of WYSIWYG
display of your text before printing.

CoCo 1 & 2 Word Processors

Color Scripsit II

Advantages: It's an entry-level, menu-
driven word processor with some sur-
prisingly complex features. It works for
CoCo Is to CoCo 3s and does not
require much in the way of equipment.
Disadvantages; There is only tape I/O,
no disk drives allowed. Even though it
can run on a CoCo 3, it can display only
38 columns onscreen at a time; Some of
the commands issued from within the
text mode are difficult to remember,
nonintuitive. There is no true lower-
case.

CoCoNutshell: This is a good first word
processor and does not require exten-
sive cash outlay. It's primitivism may
bother you if youVe ever used another
word processor.

For more information, look for the
review in an upcoming issue o/ THE
RAINBOW.

Still, if you spend a great deal of time
in OS-9, you wouldn't want to be
switching back and forth to Disk BASIC
just to write some text.

The two OS-9 word processing sys-
tems currently being marketed through
THE rainbow are DynaStar from
Frank Hogg Laboratories and Xword
from Microtech Consultants. In addi-
tion, limited text editing/ printing facil-
ities are provided by Tandy's DeskMate
and DeskMate 3. Let's look at the latter
two products first.

DeskMate and DeskMate 3 offer
excellent value for newcomers to the
Color Computer. For one price you get
some hands-on experience with several
different computer applications (word
processor, spreadsheet, database and
graphics). Each application is limited —
by no means do you get feature-packed
programs. But you do get a feel for each
particular application and are better
armed when the time comes to seek
more power. Also, some people find the
DeskMate programs provide all the
features they want.

Elite*Word

Advantages: It is a well-rounded, easy-
to-learn word processor for the CoCo
1, 2 and 3 that can run in as little as 32K.
At the top of the screen in the
command-line area are "buffer" indica-
tors that keep you constantly informed
on how many characters you have
typed.

Disadvantages: The spelling checker
comes extra. The menu-driven interface
may irritate users more comfortable
with command-driven interfaces.
CoCoNutshell: It makes a very easy-to-
use mainstream word processor that
should be adequate for general and
school use. The menu, which is always
visible onscreen, makes the program
especially appropriate for beginners.
For more information, see the review in
March 1984's RAINBOW, Page 260.

While the software operates in the
OS-9 environment, little knowledge of
OS-9 is required to use the programs.
In fact, this minor exposure to OS-9 can
help should the user decide to make the
jump into the operating system. As with
all things computer, it is merely a matter
of choice.

DeskMate's text editor allows the
user to save, load, copy and delete
blocks of text. You can merge files at
any point in the text. It also features
some limited search and replace capa-
bility. The main disappointment is that
it provides no means by which to embed
printer control codes; you can't change
type styles while printing. The software
works fine for printing casual letters,
memos and general text work. If you are
at all serious about how your text looks,
however, it won't be long before you are
looking elsewhere.

Both DynaStar and Xword are full-
featured word processors that have
been around for a while and stood the
test of time. Both allow block manipu-
lations, insert/ overstrike, wordwrap,

Telewriter~64

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Advantages: Totally menu-driven, it is
extremely easy to use. A counter keeps
track of the number of words typed, as
well as the number of lines. Embedding
commands in your text for printer
control is easily accomplished.
Disadvantages: There is no spelling
checker. While it does provide true
upper-/ lowercase screen display, there
are no true lowercase descenders; how-
ever, this is a function of the screen
display only.

CoCoNutshell: As written, the program
runs perfectly fine on the CoCo 3, so if
you buy a CoCo 3 later, upgrading is
not absolutely necessary unless you
prefer the 80-column display and the
added features of Tele writer- 1 28.
For more information, see reviews in
RAINBOW issues June 1983 (Page 216)
and August 1987 (Page 143).

36 THE RAINBOW April 1989

etc. Each uses a stand-alone formatter
for printing. And both work under OS-
9 Level I or II.

DynaStar works much like the older
versions of WordStar for the MS-DOS
machines. The main files are intended
for Level II, but the Level I versions are
included on the disk. The differences
here are the screen layout, pop-up
menus in Level II windows, and stand-
ard advantages of Level II over Level I.
It's a command-driven system in which
menus can turn on and off.

When you start, the menus will be
turned on. To access the various fea-
tures, you first enter a control sequence.
An example would be CTRL-B to access
the Block menu. Then you press a single
key corresponding to the function you
want performed. On the Block menu,
you might press C to copy a marked
block to another location in your text.
After you have used the system for a
while and have learned how to use its
features, you can turn the menus off.
Otherwise, a menu will always appear
at the top of the screen.

To issue formatting, style and other
commands for printing, you use dot
commands within the text file. These
are simply two- or three-character
commands, preceded by a period and
appearing on their own line in the text
file. When you print the file through
DynaForm, the print formatter in-
cluded with DynaStar, these commands
are interpreted and your text will be
printed as you like. At first you might
not like working with dot commands.
There are a lot of them and it may seem
hard to remember. In actuality, after
minimal use you'll find they make sense
and memorization is natural. The Dy-
naStar I DynaForm system offers mar-
gin control, headers and footers, print-
ing macros, variables, generation of
index/ table of contents and more. It
even provides excellent mail-merge
capability.

Not included with DynaStar, but
available at extra cost, is DynaSpell, a
spelling checker written by Dale Puck-
ett. This system includes both 102,000-
word and 20,000-word dictionaries. It
works with both Level I and Level II.

Xword is another system originally
designed for OS-9 Level I. Xword really
consists of Microtech Consultants' Xed
full-screen editor, a display module
called xcodes and xp, a print formatter.
When you boot Xed, it looks for the
xcodes modules to tell it what type of
screen you are using. The system in-
cludes modules for the standard 32-
column screen, an OPak Hi-Res screen,
an Xscreen Hi-Res screen, all Word-Pak
80-column screens and Level II win-
dows. The manual included is written
for Level I and indicates that the CLEAR
key is used as a control key. Of course,
under Level II the CLEAR key is used to
change windows: You must keep in
mind that you should use the CTRL key
in place of the CLEAR key when using
the manual.

Xword is command-driven. It utilizes
a command mode and a block mode,
both of which work similarly to Dyna-
Star. First, enter CTRL-C (or CTRL-B for
blocks). Then press a single key corres-
ponding to the command you want
performed. No menu appears. If you
need help, however, you can just press
a question mark at the prompt. Xword
allows quick and easy movement
through text and supports indexing,
auto-indentation, programmable keys
and macros, and more.

The print formatter included with
Xword is not much different from that
described for DynaStar. One very useful
feature, though, is its support for pro-

portional justification. If your printer
features a proportional mode and in-
cludes a table of dot widths for each
character, you can provide these dot
widths to the formatter for proportional
justification. This means that very small
spaces are inserted between characters
rather than extra whole spaces being
added between words for justification.
This is also known as microjustifica-
tion, and it results in great-looking hard
copy.

As with DynaStar, Xword does not
include a spelling checker. Also, it does
not include mail-merge capability.
However, both a 40,000-word spelling
checker (Xspell) and a mail-merge
utility (Xmerge) are available from
Microtech Consultants.

The one truly disappointing aspect of
the OS-9 packages we looked at is that
the manuals do not include much in the
way of tutorial instruction or examples.
All the features are explained quite well,
but the user is not given much idea
where and when he might want to use
each feature in his work. If you have
been around computers and word pro-
cessors for a while, your "getting
started"time will be drastically reduced.
Otherwise, the packages work well and
provide OS-9 users with excellent word
processing capability. A really impor-
tant aspect of these systems is that as
full-screen editors they are also great for
writing and editing source code for your
own programming. If you regularly use
OS-9, you should have one of these
programs. Or, perhaps, you could con-
sider one of them as a reason for getting
into OS-9.

Our Feature Presentation

Flipping through the pages of THE
RAINBOW, you might think there's a
features war going on between the
various vendors of word processors. Is
there some overkill here? How much is
too much? For some people, there can
never be too much. But for people who
have gotten used to less, lots of features
will seem like needless extravagances.
Often, one company will come out with
a feature that is so popular that all other
vendors copy it, users clamor for it, and
it quickly becomes standard. The 64-
column screens on the CoCo 1 and 2 are
an example. Now it's looking like mail
merges and split-screen editing are some
of the hot items. If you feel like you need
a map just to keep up with the features
war, see our chart on Page 38.

Plain-vanilla word processing
(churning out letters and the occasional
report) requires little in the way of

VIP Writer

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Advantages: Its command-driven user
interface allows speedy operation. The
buffer size is fairly large, permitting
larger documents. A spelling checker is
included. More than the normal 32
columns can be displayed onscreen at
once. There are a wide variety of cursor
movement commands.
Disadvantages: It has to be patched for
operation on the CoCo 3. Subsequent
patching and upgrading fees can be
substantial. Screen updating can make
operation slow. Commands are not
intuitive and can be difficult to re-
member.

CoCoNutshell: It makes a good editor's
word processor and is practical for
those who spend a lot of time writing.
For more information, see the review in
October 1983 's RAINBOW, Page 280.
VIP Writer was formerly known as
Super Color Writerll.

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 37

features. Most people use only a few
commands in their everyday use of a
word processor. But it's nice to know
that those little extras are there for
special occasions.

Buffer size is a highly touted feature
— the bigger the buffer the longer the
document can be. For CoCo 1 and 2
word processors this can range from
about 13K to 49K. On the 128K CoCo
3, this figure can range from 48K to
72K; on the 512K CoCo 3, up to 460K.
Be wary, though, of a buffer size that
seems too high — if a word processor
for the 128K CoCo 3 has a buffer of
124K, for example, you might ask
yourself if you want to risk buying a
word processor that runs in only 4K.
(Gross exaggeration!) Elite* Word and
Elite* Word/ 80 have a handy feature
that shows you how much buffer space
you have left as you type, character for
character.

If you get eyestrain squinting at 64-
or 80-column text, you might want to
check and see if your prospective word
processor supports text in 32 or 64
columns. Of the CoCo 3 word proces-
sors, all but Word Power 3.2 support the
40-column screen. Conversely, if you
are a CoCo 1 or 2 owner and you like
teeny-tiny text characters, check to
make sure that the word processor you
buy can do the 64-column mode or
better. Of the four CoCo 1 and 2 pro-
grams we are discussing, only Color
Scripsit //cannot display more than 32,

If you hate wasting printer paper,
onscreen preview is a must feature for
you. Fortunately, most word processors
have this feature, which shows you page
breaks and margins, etc., as they will
appear when printed. On less-than-80-
column displays, the previewed text
often extends past the right margin, but
is scrollable.

Spelling checkers are a must if you
produce documents for public con-
sumption. Imagine how embarrassing it
would be to have coworkers snicker at
you over misspellings in your memos.
Max-10, the Elite and the VIP pro-
grams have "customized" spelling
checkers (optional/ extra cost for Elite,
but included with purchase for VIP and
Max-10). WordPower and TextPro
both include a public domain/ share-
ware spelling checker, Spell *n Fix (it's
posted on Delphi), with the purchase of
their word processors. Generic spelling
checkers like Spell 'n'Fix will work with
most word processors that generate
ASCII files.

To perform a spelling check on your
document, you save your text, exit the

word processor, then boot the spelling
checker. Of all the spelling checkers
we've covered, only one works inside
the program — Max-10's. You do not
have to exit the program to access the
dictionary and perform spelling checks.

Most spelling checkers allow their
users to create customized dictionaries
— files that will contain names and
other words you type frequently that are
not in the spelling checker's dictionary.

Of all the CoCo word processors
discussed, only one gives you a "win-
dowing" ability, letting you work on
more than one file at a time — Simply
Better. (WordPower 3.2 has a similar
feature called splitscreen editing; it lets
you "freeze" one portion of your doc-
ument and "glue" it to an area of the
screen, where you can view it for refer-
ence while working on another part.)
Other interesting features that seem to
be Simply Better's exclusive properties

include sorting capabilities and table of
contents and index generation. This is
pretty heavy stuff.

Say you're writing an essay on pop
stars of the last 20 years and you realize
you misspelled "Engelbert Humper-
dinck" 15 times as "Ingelburt Humper-
dink" — at least you were consistent.
An easy way to fix the problem would
be to search for the incorrect spelling
and replace it with the correct one. The
search-and-replace feature can save you
a lot of time, and it can skip you quickly
through your document to exactly
where you want to be. Fortunately, all
the word processors we've talked about
can do search and replace. Telewriter
can even handle wildcard searches
(perform a search in which one or more
letters are missing: searching for "p*t"
might yield "pat," "part," "planet,"
"pet," "print," etc.).

Macros let you assign functions to

Features
Comparison

Requirements

Price $

I/O (T)ape, (D)isk

(C)ommand-,
(M)enu-driven

Supplied on (T)ape,
(D)isk, (R)OM pack

Maximum file length

Columns displayed
onscreen

Onscreen preview

Spelling checker

Windows for editing

Save block as file

CoCo 1 & 2

Scripsit

16K

29.95

20K

32.0

Elite*Word

32K

69.95

T,D a

T,D

22K d

32,64

Telewriter-64

16K

59.95

T,D a

T,D

25K e

51 ,64,85

VIP Writer

32K

69.95

T,D

49K

51,64,85 h

CoCo 3

Elite*Word/80

128K

79.95

48K

40,80

Max-10

128K

79.95

64K

_y_

Simply Better

128K

29.95

80K

40,80

Telewriter-128

128K

79.95

T,D

48K

40,80

TextPro

128K

89.95

50K

80...212

VIP Writer III V.2

128K

79.95

T,D

48K

40,64,80 h

Word Power 3.2

128K

79.95

72K

OS-9

DeskMate

64K

59.95 b

23K

32,40,80

DvnaStar

Ll.ll

99.95 c

_y_

XWord

LUI

69.95

a tape I/O is for tape only, disk I/O for disk only o 38 columns are possible on the CoCo 3

b $69.95 for DeskMate 3 h 32-column displays are also supported

c special price ' optional and at extra cost

d .°. n a 3 ^ machine j 0 \^ er versions are protected by a hardware key

1 1 ?6 > IS t h C ^ ette , k with TelePa tch
f limited by disk size only

38 THE RAINBOW April 1989

programmable keys. For example, the
setting of a print format code could be
reduced to one keystroke. Or, fre-
quently typed text can be assigned to a
macro; If you're a partner in the firm of
Finkelstein, Kriek, Bach, Anderson,
Burns and Newby, you could type that
mouthful of a company name in your
business correspondence with just one
keystroke combination. This is a power
user feature and very useful.

Even though our Color Computers
had color all along, it was with the
arrival of the CoCo 3 that the software
really began to get into the hue of
things. Now practically every CoCo 3
word processor on the market (with the
exception of Max-10 and TextPro)
comes with support for designer colors
that you select, and you can make your
selections stick in a configuration pro-
gram. Besides color, things such as baud
rates and printer codes can be config-

ured. After you make your choices and
answer all the prompts, the word pro-
cessor will boot with all the specifica-
tions made. The changes don't have to
be permanent — the configuration
program can always be run again.

Print spooling is another of the power
user's features. It frees the computer
from being tied to the printer while long
documents print out.

Auto-saving is a feature that is sure
to elicit a vehement opinion from most
any computer user. Those opposed
recount tales of brilliant inspiration lost
to the void: The computer's tendency to
halt everything and save text while the
computerist is in the middle of a typing
frenzy can be very disturbing. On the
other hand, those in favor of it tell of
miracles in which their computer saved
the research paper, the report and the
short story from the dark clutches of the
power surge. If you are ordinarily a

Search & replace

Table of contents
generation

Index generation

Sorting

Math

Macros

Online help

Copy-protected

Tutorial

Configuration

Key repeat

Print spooler

Auto saving

51 2K support

Mail merge

Block functions

Columns

Page break

n k

y 1

y°

1 print spooling is a function of OS-9

m manual "quick saves" are possible

n mail merge is possible with VIP Database

0 comes at extra cost

p coiumns are a function of the printer

cautious or paranoid person — or one
who forgets to make frequent saves —
this feature is for you.

For business use, maiJ merge is a
must-have feature. Many of the word
processors we've discussed support it.
Neither VIP Writer nor VIP Writer III
have mail merge by themselves: In
conjunction with VIP Database and
VIP Database III, VIP Writer can
perform mail merge functions.

Other basic, common, various and
sundry features that pretty much all
word processors have are wordwrap,
key repeat and insert/ overstrike modes.
Thanks to word wrap, word processor
users do not have to press RETURN or
ENTER until they reach the end of a
paragraph; unlike with a typewriter,
you do not have to press RETURN at the
end of every line. Key repeat is a bless-
ing when you want to create long strings
of characters for whatever reason — or
if you want to hold down the space bar
and get somewhere in a hurry. In the
insert mode, text entered at an insertion
point pushes text that follows the cursor
to the right. In the overwrite mode, you
can type over and "wipe out" text.

Some features that are less common
but very useful are word counts, print-
ing in multiple columns and the display
of page breaks. Word counts help wri-
ters stay within limits. Printing in
multiple columns comes in handy if you
are in charge of printing informal
newsletters. And page breaks provide
you with a little bit of formatting
information.

And for our final feature, let's talk
about support for 512K on CoCo 3s:
Most of our CoCo 3 word processors
support it (all but one). Obviously, if
you haven't made the 512K upgrade and
are still putting along at 1 28K, this is not
an issue for you. Of course, if you have,
power user, then you will want to take
advantage of all the memory you can.

User Interfaces

What kind of car do you like to drive,
manual transmission or automatic? The
answer to that question will probably
determine which kind of interface you
are more suited for, command-driven or
menu-driven. As you can probably
guess, command-driven interfaces
equate to manual transmission, auto-
matic to menu-driven.

Command-driven interfaces let you
issue your commands directly, putting
you closer, perhaps, to the guts of the
program. They also seem faster and
more powerful (you can initiate a com-

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 39

mand with one keystroke or a two-
keystroke combination rather than
wade through a menu), and they let you
feel you're controlling the show.

Menu-driven programs let you give
commands by presenting you with a
choice of options and asking for a
selection. This is great for beginners
who know little or nothing about the
program they're trying to operate, but
menus get in the way of users who
already know what they're going to do.
(That's why menu-driven programs like
WordPerfect have dozens and dozens of
books and programs published to pro-
vide macros for power-hungry users.)
The disadvantage to command-driven
programs is that they are more difficult
to learn, as they do not prompt you
along. (But that is what help screens and
manuals are for, right, power user?)

Some CoCo word processors seem to
be a curious hybrid of the two inter-
faces, though. There is an initial, short
menu, but within the text mode you can
issue direct commands. Color Scripsit
II and WordPower fall into this cate-
gory.

Summing up, frequent, heavy-duty
users should go with the command-
driven interface, and beginning or
occasional users should stick with the
menu driven.

What Is ASCII?

Acronymically, ASCII is the Amer-
ican Standard Code for Information
Interchange. As it says, it's a standard.
What this means is, you could prepare
a document in WordPower and call it
up inside Telewriter. You can share
documents with a friend who has a
different word processor. If the file is
saved in ASCII, it's portable. In fact, if
you have the correct null-modem con-
nection or access to an online database,
you can share a text file with all
manners of computers — even Commo-
dores and MS-DOS machines.

If you ever decide to change word
processors, you better hope that the one
you're changing from can output ASCII
files, else you 11 have to type important
files in all over again. With ASCII, you
won't have to trash your files or rekey
data. The early version of Telewriter
saved its files in a binary format by
default though it could save files in
ASCII, which can be hairy. Imagine
you're a poor editor who has just re-
ceived a 25-page document to edit, and
the disk file is prepared in non-ASCII
format, and you don't have access to a
word processor capable of reading it —
it happens, folks.

The Printed Word

The most commonly used printers in
the CoCo Community are the Radio
Shack DMP series and Epson/ Epson-
compatibles. Of course, each printer,
even within a single company's product
line, will have its own special way of
handling things. Control codes and
features will vary from model to model.
The word processors we looked at are
very flexible in terms of which printers
they will use, and most companies will
do their best to help you with "non-
standard" printers.

Daisy-wheel printers produce excel-
lent hard copy. At the same time, it is
often difficult to use various type styles
because it is necessary to change the
print wheel to do this. Many users who
want the quality of type produced by
daisy-wheel systems are choosing to go
with one of the many new typewriters
on the market. These units often include
(or have available) a parallel interface
that can be connected to the CoCo via
a serial/ parallel converter. This way,
these users have the added advantage of
owning a typewriter for small jobs.

Most dot-matrix printers offer a
near-letter-quality (NLQ) mode that
looks quite good. A consideration here
is the number of pins in the head. Low-
end printers use nine pins and produce
characters that look choppier than
those produced by printers with 18 or
24 pins. In addition, for those who want
to be able to print graphics in addition
to text, dot matrix is a must. Since most
CoCo users will want to buy only one
printer, the dot-matrix system is prob-
ably the way to go. You will need to
check with the dealer to determine the
features (type styles, character sizing,
etc.) available. Of course, there are
always exceptions. If your main or only
concern is writing text, you will want to
go with a daisy-wheel system.

At a minimum, you want a printer
that is capable of backspacing, bold
type (often called double-strike) and
underlining. For the purpose of clerical
work, it is often advantageous to have
a printer that supports friction feed
(used for single-sheet printing) as well
as tractor-feed mechanisms. Another
consideration is the pushfeed (where
tractor-feed paper is pushed rather than
pulled across the platen). This reduces
paper waste. Finally, some newer prin-
ters now support paper parking to ease
the transition between using fanfold
paper and single sheets.

With the exception of DeskMate and
DeskMate 3, the software we looked at
allows baud rate settings as high as 9600

baud. Therefore, using a printer's paral-
lel port with a serial/ parallel converter
allows quicker printing. Without a
serial/ parallel converter, using any-
thing other than a Radio Shack DMP
model is very difficult. Even if the non-
Tandy printer sports a serial interface,
designing a cable to connect the printer
to the CoCo is often very tedious work.

What's Best for You?

Again, that's best decided by analyz-
ing yourself, what kind of person you
are and the uses you will be putting your
word processor to. (For help in making
an intelligent choice, see Willis Stanley's
AHP program featured in "Decisions,
Decisions," Page 118 of this issue.) If
you're a stick-shift person, then you
might consider VIP Writer, Simply
Better or Text Pro IV. If you like the ease
of menus, then maybe you should try
WordPower, Max-10, Telewriter, Elite-
* Word or Color Scripsit II. If you are
going to be using your word processor
for business, then youll definitely want
mail merge and a spelling checker. If
you are going to be using it for school,
you are really going to want a spelling
checker.

Those with an artistic bent should
lean toward Max-10, and those who are
serious hackers should seriously con-
sider Text Pro IV. Hobbyist writers and
wordsmiths might want to check out
WordPower. People who will be using
their word processors for business
should consider Simply Better, VIP
Writer and also WordPower. People
interested in easy and friendly word
processors should look at Elite* Word
or Telewriter, and those who feel more
at home with Tandy products should
check out ColorScripsit II.

Also, think about how long your
documents are going to be — two pages
or 200? Some word processors have a
limited buffer area that allows you to
type in and manage only so much text
at a time.

If you're a person whose friends
despair over what to get you for your
birthday because you already have
everything, then it's probably safe to
assume that you're a features person
and would do best with a feature-
packed word processor. If mainstream
word processing is more in your line,
and you find an abundance of features
extravagant and useless, then a plain-
vanilla program may be the ticket for
you.

So you see, it depends on the kind of
user you are, occasional or intensive.
WhatH it be, Cadillac or Ferrari? /«s

40 THE RAINBOW April 1989

1 Featur e

Under the new law, when you write a
program, it is automatically protected by copyright

Congress Alters Rules of Copyright Notice

A significant change was made in
the federal copyright law on
March 1, 1988. Since that date
a person can get a copyright in a com-
puter program — or in any other work
of authorship — without any formali-
ties whatsoever. The requirement of
copyright notice (for example, "© Co-
pyright 1988 by Edward Samuels") has
been abolished. When you write a
program, it is automatically protected
by copyright; when you publish it, it
remains copyrighted even if you don't
use the copyright notice. And you need
not register your claim anywhere for it
to be effective. For reasons I will explain
here, you may still want to add copy-
right notice to your programs — and
even register important programs with
the Copyright Office — in order to get
maximum benefit under the statute. But
you don't have to do anything except
create a program in order to have a
copyright in it.

In order to understand the new copy-
right law and why it was enacted, it is
first necessary to take a look at the old
law as it has been in effect since 1978.
This law is explained in my article,
"Computer Program Copyrights: A
How-to Guide," published in the April
1987 issue of THE RAINBOW. In sum-
mary, since 1978 it has not been neces-
sary to do anything to obtain a copy-

Edward Samuels, a professor of law at
New York Law School, has taught
copyright and other legal subjects for
more than 10 years. An avid reader of
RAINBOW, Professor Samuels enjoys
sharing his CoCo with his children, 8-
year-old Richard and 4-year-old Claire.

By Edward Samuels

right in a computer program except to
fix it in some material form such as a
printed listing, tape or disk. When and
if you published the computer program
by making copies available to others, it
was necessary to place the copyright
notice somewhere in the listing of the
program, on the tape or disk, or on the
screen display. This notice consisted of
writing the symbol © or the word copy-
right, the date of publication and the
name of the copyright owner. Although
there were some provisions for adding
the notice even after a publication that
omitted it, the notice requirement was
most easily satisfied by simply including
the notice in all published copies of the
work. It was not necessary to register
the work with the copyright office, al-
though such registration was recom-
mended to preserve the maximum be-
nefit under the statute.

The Berne International Copyright
Treaty

The trouble with copyright notice
was that hardly any other country in the
world required it. Indeed, the United
States requirement of copyright notice
on all copies of published works caused
friction between the United States and
many other countries. Since 1886, the
most effective international copyright
treaty recognizing copyright in authors
from other countries was the Berne
Treaty. That treaty stated that no par-
ticipating country could require any
"formalities" in order to obtain copy-
right protection within that country.
The United States copyright law clearly
failed to meet the test of Berne in this
and several other respects.

In 1954 the United States persuaded
many other countries to agree to a
second international treaty, the Univer-
sal Copyright Convention, with less

stringent standards that the United
States copyright law could meet. This
provided some protection in foreign
countries for U.S. authors and in the
United States for foreign authors. But
it has remained an international embar-
rassment that the United States' copy-
right laws did not measure up to the
higher standards of Berne. Particularly
in recent years, as the United States has
argued strenuously that other countries
should improve their copyright laws
(for example, by expanding them to
cover computer programs), other coun-
tries have asked why we are not up to
the generally accepted standards of
Berne.

Finally, after several reforms in the
1978 copyright law and in the new 1988
amendments, the remaining obstacles
to our adopting the Berne Treaty have
been removed, and indeed the Senate
formally ratified the Berne Treaty. The

You spent $60 to $80 for
o u r CoCo 3 Word
rocessor and now the
incredible Max- 10 comes
along!

We know the feeling, so we
have a special offer for you,
but you have to find the
"GOOD NEWS" ad
somewhere in this issue.
Do you know that with
Max-10, word processing is
actually fun? (Hard to
believe, huh?)

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 41

Protect and highlight
your important
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with sturdy
RAINBOW binders

Distinctive, Durable RAINBOW Binders

THE rainbow is a vital resource to be referred to
again and again. Keep your copies of the rainbow safe
in our quality, distinctive binders that provide com-
plete protection.

These attractive red vinyl binders showcase your
collection and ensure your rainbows are in mint
condition for future use. Each binder is richly em-
bossed with the magazine's name in gold on the front
and spine. They make a handsome addition to any
room. ' t- ?.

Put an End to Clutter

Organize you r workspace with these tasteful bind-
ers. Spend more time with your CoCo and eliminate
those frustrating searches for misplaced magazines.

A set of two binders, which holds a full 12 issues of
the rainbow, is only $13.50 (plus $2.50 shipping and
handling).

To help you complete your collection of the rain-
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When you place an order for six or more back issues
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Know Where to Look

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All other inquiries call (502) 228-4492.

most important change, for our pur-
poses, is the elimination of all formal-
ities in obtaining copyrights, including
the notice requirement.

Effective Date

Although the Berne Treaty was rat-
ified by the Senate, and the copyright
amendments implementing it were
passed in October 1988, the new amend-
ments didn't go into effect until the
United States formally deposited a copy
of the ratification with the World Intel-
lectual Property Organization on No-
vember 16, 1988. Under that document,
the effective date of the treaty and of the
new amendments to the copyright law
was March 1, 1988.

Getting The Best Copyright Protection

You don't have to do anything to get
copyright protection of a computer
program except write it down or store
it in a physical form from which it can
be copied. However, copyright notice
and registration are recommended in
order to get the best protection.

Notice

The new statute says that copyright
notice may be placed on all published
copies of a work. If such a notice is used,
then "no weight shall be given" to a
claim by someone who copies your
program based on "innocent infringe-
ment" to reduce the amount of money
the user might have to pay in damages.
Although the statute doesn't precisely
say so, this implies that if you don't use
the notice and if people making a copy
of your program are not able to contact
you to get your permission because they
can't find out who owns the copyright,
then they may appeal to the court to
reduce the amount of money they have
to pay in damages. "Innocent infringe-
ment" is thus a partial defense — but
not a complete defense — to a copyright

suit, but only if there is no copyright
notice. Accordingly, I encourage you to
continue to use the copyright notice on
all copies of your computer programs or
other works, since it costs absolutely
nothing to write the magic words — the
symbol © or the word copyright, the
year of publication and the name of the
author.

Registration

I still recommend that you register
your work with the copyright office if
you have a realistic expectation of
receiving money for it. Just as under the
old law, registration proves you wrote
the program when you say you did.
Also, the certificate you get from the
copyright office will be presumed valid
in any infringement suit you bring.
Further, you will be able to recover a
certain amount of money even if you
can't prove you were damaged (the
range was increased under the 1988
amendment to between $500 and
$20,000, at the discretion of the judge).
Finally, if you win a lawsuit, you will
be able to recover your attorney's fees,
which can often exceed the amount you
are suing for. Registration requires
paying a $10 registration fee, sending a
written copy of the program (source
code), and filling out a form that can be
obtained from the Publications Section,
LM-455, Copyright Office, Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C. 20559. (Or
call the "Forms Hotline" at (202) 287-
9100 and leave a message with your
name and address asking for Form TX).
Further information about how and
when to register, all of which still
applies, is contained in my article in the
April 1987 rainbow.

The User's Perspective

In my article, "Who's Gonna Know?"
published in the July 1987 issue of THE
rainbow, I looked at the copyright law

from the point of view of the user or
copier of computer programs. Most of
what was said in that article is still true.
However, one particular problem re-
quires more discussion now. I pointed
out the difficulty of figuring out if a
copyrighted work is in the public do-
main or not. That's no longer difficult:
The work is not in the public domain
just because there is no notice. For
works published after 1988, unless there
is specific language by the copyright
owner authorizing the making of cop-
ies, you have to assume that a work is
not in the public domain. The problem
now is how to figure out who the copy-
right owner is, if there is no notice. You
can contact the copyright office in
Washington to find out if the work has
been registered; but if it's not registered,
you might have a lot of trouble finding
the author.

This won't be too big a problem if
most people continue to use the "per-
missive" copyright notice, as recom-
mended. European and other countries
seem to have managed for years without
a copyright notice requirement, and I
can only assume we will be able to do
so too. There may be a little more
trouble for users of copyrighted works
if notice and registration aren't used,
but this is the trade-off we must make
for protecting authors against losing
their copyrights, perhaps inadvertently.

(Questions or comments about this
article may be addressed to the New
York Law School, 57 Worth Street,
New York, NY 10013. Although Profes-
sor Samuels is interested in discussing
copyright matters of general interest to
computer programmers and users, he is
not currently engaged in the practice of
law and will not give specific legal
advice. If you have a serious copyright
problem, you should consult an attor-
ney who specializes in the field.) /£v

Jcin the MIDI revolution...

turn your synthesizer into a recording studio!

If you've never heard what a CoCo and a MIDI synthesizer can do together, you're in for a real treat! Your CoCo
can act as a sophisticated music controller. Use it to compose music on a graphics screen that looks just like printed
music, and then play it on your synthesizer for incredible 8-part music. Or use it as a ten track tape recorder,
advanced programming then lets you edit and modify to perfect your performance as much as you wish.

We carry some of the best music products you can buy for your Color
Computer. Products that professionals and hobbyists alike use and love.

Call or write for our complete product listing. We're in this business
because we enjoy it. We want you to be pleased with what you get!

Riilaford Research

P.O,BcHci43

Imperial Beach, CA 92032
(619) 690-3648 (evenings 6-10 PT)

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 43

* F o atur o

16K ECB

Create professional-looking invoices
and labels to ship with orders

Invoice Innovation

6fi

«1,

By David L. Clapper

>*0

\A0

0©

I had been in the mail-order printing
business for more than a year when
Santa was kind enough to present
me with a brand-new 64K CoCo 2 with
disk drive and DMP-105 printer. It
wasn't long before Pd tried most of
Radio Shack's programs for files and
finances and found little that pertained
to my small business. Office is a simple
program I created to make official-
looking invoices to enclose with my
orders. I have since added options for
printing both UPS shipping record
forms and package shipping labels.
The program is in BASIC and is menu-

David Clapper is a retired public school
music teacher. He now builds church
pipe organs and runs a mail-order
printing business catering to model
railroaders and railroad enthusiasts,

44 THE RAINBOW April 1989

driven. Obviously, you will have to
substitute the name of your business in
lines 30, 150, 440, 1170, 1450 and 1580.
If you are required to charge your
customers sales tax, Line 350 computes
the tax. The combined state and local
sales taxes are seven percent for my
purposes. You may have to substitute
another percentage, depending on
where your business is located. The
program also uses the customer's state
in his address as a flag to decide if the
tax will be charged. Line 340 takes care
of this. Substitute your state here.

I have included provision for only
two purchases since that is the most my
customers have printed at one time. You
can easily set up more by copying the
input routine in lines 300 through 320.
Then add appropriate print lines as
shown by lines 570 and 580. If neces-
sary, you might even decide to dimen-

sion and use an array to hold the prod-
ucts ordered.

The UPS form printer uses the cus-
tomer's name and address information
already entered to print the shipping
form. I do have to insert the forms
manually into my printer, but I don't
have to type or write all that informa-
tion again.

The package shipping label works the
same way. I ususally print it out on
regular printer paper, but self-stick
labels can easily be used.

Try this program for your invoice
printing, and make your small business
look like BIG business.

(Questions or comments regarding
this program may be directed to the
author at 85 Glenwood Blvd., Hudson,
NY 12534. Please enclose an SASE
when requesting a reply.) □

. . . has relocated to Renton, Washington. We pledge to continue to offer Color
Computer owners the high quality, affordable, and innovative products that
have built our reputation.

To order, use our NEW TOLL FREE ORDER HOTLINE: 1-800-237-2409

Real BASIC for OS9!

There is nothing wrong with your Coior Computer.
Do not attempt to adjust it

Burke & Burke's new R.S.B. program gives you a complete, 089-
compatible version of Disk Extended Color BASIC. We've added new
software for OS9-style graphics, sound, printer, and disk I/O. The BASIC
you know and love is now running under Level 2 OS9 windows!

OS-0 LEVEL TWO VR.

July 11, 1988 1437:30

Shall

OS9: xmode /«5 typc=0

OS9: Inlz /w5

OS9: r»b o»»/w5 *

4007

^:Qnl^ 1988 BURKE k BURKE

- u n sik fc " r rET4D6D COLOR BASIC 2.1

COPR. 1982, 1986 BY TANDY
UNDER LICENSE FROM MICROSOFT
AND MICROWARE SYSTEMS CORP.

LOAD "DEMO"

LIST

10 PMODE 4:SCREEN 1,1

20 X=RND(256H:Y=RND(102}-1

30 A=RND(256-XH:B=RND(192-Y)-1
40 LINE (X,YHX+A,Y+B),PSET,BF

R.S.B. loads and saves files using OS9's file format, so we've also

included utilities to transfer BASIC programs and data files betwen OS9 and BASIC disks. Of course, you can't use R.S.B. to run machine language
programa, and some BASIC commands work slightly differently under R.S.B.

Your BASIC programs can take full advantage of great OS9 features like hard disks, no-halt floppies, multi-tasking, and 2 MHz operation.

R.S.B. requires a CoCo 3 with at least 128K RAM (51 2K recommended), a floppy controller
with either Tandy Disk Extended Coior BASIC or DISTO CoCo 3 CDOS, and Level 2 OS9.

R . S . B

Version

S39.95

Co Co-XT Hard Disk Interfaces

We've sold hundreds of our affordable, high-performance hard disk
interfaces to Color Computer enthusiasts worldwide!

Each includes a durable, fully enclosed metal housing, 100 page user
manual, and software for use with OS9. The CoCo XT-RTC adds a
battery-powered real time clock / calendar for OS9 and BASIC.

A true "NO HALT hard disk
system

Controls 1 or 2 hard drives, which
may be different sizes
Full ECC / CRC error correction
Average acceas 30% faster than
SASI systems

Uses PC-type hard disk drives &
controllers

Full 5 Meg to 120 Meg storage per
hard drive

Does not use or disable Interrupts
Compatible with most RS-232
interfaces

20 Meg system cost: under $450
Requires Multi-PAK or "electric"
Y-cable

EZGen Boot File Editor software
included with each interface
Use with HYPER-I/O to share your
hard disk between BASIC and OS9

Buy a hard disk kit and a
case/power supply from the PC

dealer of your choice. Plug
them into the CoCo XT, plug the
CoCo XT into your Multi-PAK,
and install the OS9 or BASIC
software. Presto!

CoCo XT $69.95
CoCo XT-RTC $99.95

Handyman's note: A hard disk
kit includes a hard drive, cable
set, and Western Dig its I, DTC,
Adaptec, or equivalent
PC-compatible hard disk
controller.

The Profesional Touch: XT-ROM 2.3

Inatall XT-ROM in your CoCo XT hard disk controller's BIOS ROM socket,
automatically boots and reboots OS9 from your hard disk.

f XT-R
I $19.

ROM

Select among any of two different hard disk boot files, two
different floppy boot files, or your BASIC ROM st power-up.
XT-ROM gives your system that "professional touch". Great for
unattended BBS, home security, or other fail-safe CoCo applications.

Wild & MV Version 2.1

Use "wildcards" with most OS9
commands, or rearrange your
directory tree. Features
recursive directory searches.
A hard disk must! $19.95

EZGen Version 1.06

Powerful OS9 bootfile editor.
Change module names, add or
delete modules, patch bytes, or
rearrange modules. Works on
other files, too. $19.95

OS9 Utilities

LJ YPF 17-1 /O Now BAS!C run$ nard drives,
I* * rLfi'i/U big floppies, and more!

HYPER-I/O modifies the Disk BASIC in your CoCo 1, 2, or 3 to provide a
"Dynamic Disk Interface". Use your existing BASIC and M/L software
with hard disk interfaces (CoCo XT, DISTO, LR), RAM Disks, and any mix
of floppy drives from 160K to 720K each. Fully RESET protected, user
configurable, expandable, EPROM- able HYPER-I/O V2.6 is the most
versatile hard / floppy disk DOS available. Please specify HYPER-I/O,
DISTO HYPER-I/O, or LR HYPER-1/O when ordering.

$29.95

HYPER-III (Adds RAM Disk and Print Spooler to CoCo 3 HYPER-I/O.

$12.95

HYPER-I/O & HYPER-III work with your
B&B, RGB, LR, or DISTO Hard Disk

HYPER-I/Q 1^F^™3E^

by Kevin Berner copy, delete, and sesrch operations

on your HYPER-I/O directories. Great timesaver for moving data from
floppy disk to hard disk, or for BBS maintenance. Kevin's DISK DOCTOR
will lock out bad sectors on your hsrd or floppy disks, and includes a
diak-zap utility designed specifically for use with HYPER-I/O.

DISK Doctor $17.95 HYPER-I/O Hard Disk Utilities $21.95
WOW! Both Great Utility Packages $37.95

PERTASCII is a multi-user word game
for Level 2 OS9. The players are
yourself, the computer, other users
on your system, or even friends that
call in on a modem.

PERTASCII $19.95

The game is played in timed rounds, until a certain score Is reached.
Players can join or leave the game at the beginning of any round. The
players make words from random letters during each 3 minute round,
and then argue over whether or not to accept each other's words.

Greet for BBS end multi-user systems ... or play practice rounds
against the computer to hone your skills!

Includes a user-expandable 3500 word dictionary.

51 2K CoCo 3, Level 2 OS9, and one disk
drive required. CoCo 2 and 128K owners:
watch for our 128K / 64K version I

Hardware, or What?

68B09E 2MHz Microprocessor $14.95
4' Hsrd Disk Cable Set $17.50
Blank 27128 EPROM $9.95
(for HYPER-I/O)

Hard Disk BIOS Socket Installed $7.50

Don't be afraid of the dungeons .

Ymt anothmr doma not twturnt

if" *V1

I • 4 1

I • « i

DAGGORPATCH puts the thrill back into your Dyna Micro Dungeons of Daggorath™
game cartridge by patching H to run from disk. Includes disk load & save,
auto-repeat command, pause, DMP-100 screen dump, tape-to-disk, and morel

ftcto ffcar's tea*

l) Zearn 6&9
2) #uy a J)av*

P.O. Box 58342 Renton, WA 98058
(206) 235-0917

■ll i. r. ><

WASHINGTON RESIDENTS PLEASE ADD 7%

SALES TAX. COD's add $2.20. Shipping
(within the USA) $2.50 per CoCo XT; $2.00 per
disk or ROM. Pleas* allow 2 weeks for delivery
(overnight delivery also available for In-stock
Items). Telephone orders oall (800) 237-240S.
Teohnical support (206) 235-0917.

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

Burke & Burke Advertisement The RAINBOW April, 1989 (Composite B/W)
Copyright 1 989 by Burke & Burke

220 98 1070 157

460 176 1330 53

610 167 1570 132

840 88 END 182

The Listing: OFFICE

0 1 COPYRIGHT 1989 FALSOFT, INC
10 'DAVID'S PRESS STATEMENT, UPS
SLIP, LABEL PRINTER
20 CLS

30 PRINT: PRINT" davids press

office"

40 PRINT: PRINT" <1> STATEMEN

ip it

50 PRINT" <2> UPS SLIP"

60 PRINT" <3> PACKAGE LABEL

70 PRINT" <4> QUIT

80 PRINT: PRINT" <YOUR CHOI

CE>?

90 AN$=INKEY$

100 ON VAL(AN$) GOTO 120,980,141

0,1800

110 GOTO90

Fast Delivery...
Friendly Service

Now in our 7th year!

* NEW LOW PRICES *

Avatex 1200e $79

with Coco Cable

Reviewed in
April, 1988
Rainbow!

Avatex 1200e, Cable
AUTOTERM... $119

Avatex 2400

$169
179

with Coco Cable
(Coco 3 only)

with RS-232 Cable* 185

RAINBOW

Avatex 2400, Cable
AUTOTERM . . . $209

"Coco t. 2 requires Deluxe RS-232 Pak

• Can*
513-396 SOFT

• Shop by Modem •

513-396 SHOP

2235 LOSarvtiville. Cincinnati. OH 45237

SHIPPING will he charmed si our ACTUAL COST
Ohio resident ,-idd S.S% Sales Tax COD add 3.00

120 CLS
130 PRINT
140 PRINT "

150 PRINT "
ATEMENT"
160 PRINT "

DAVID'S PRESS ST

170 INPUT "NAME" ;N$

180 INPUT "ADDRESS" ;A$

190 INPUT "CITY ";C$

200 INPUT "STATE" ;W$

210 INPUT "ZIP";Z$

220 INPUT "DATE REC'D";D$

230 INPUT "AMOUNT PAID: (CK-M0) "

;R$

240 INPUT "BALANCE OWED: ";0$

250 INPUT "DATE SHIPPED" ;G$

260 INPUT "QUANTITY" ;Q$

270 INPUT "ITEM"; I $

280 INPUT "PRICE" ;A

290 PRINT USING "$$###.##" ;A

300 INPUT "2ND QUANTITY" ;J$

310 INPUT "2ND ITEM";K$

320 INPUT "2ND PRICE" ; B : PRINT US

ING "$$###. ##";B

330 S=(A)+(B) : PRINT USING "$$###

. # # " ; s

340 IF W$="NY" THEN 350 ELSE 370
350 M=S*.07

360 PRINT USING"$$###. ##";M
370 PRINT "SHIPPING CHARGE Y/N"
380 AN$=INKEY$

390 IF AN$="Y"THEN U=2:GOTO420
400 IF AN$="N" THEN U=0:GOTO 420
410 GOTO 380

420 PRINT USING "$$###. ##";U
430 T=S+M+U : PRINT USING"$$### . ##
" ;T

440 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(14) ;T

AB( 14) "DAVID'S PRESS"

450 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(28)

460 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(15) ;T
AB(22)"85 Glenwood Blvd. Hudso
n, NY 12534"

470 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(54)

480 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(54)

490 PRINT#-2,TAB(30) ;N$

500 PRINT#-2,TAB(30) ;A$

510 PRINT#-2,TAB(30) ;C$;", ";W$;

" ";Z$

520 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(54)
530 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(54)
535 PRINT #-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(28)
540 PRINT#-2,CHR$(28) ;CHR$(80) ;C
HR$(241)'

550 PRINT#-2,"REC'D: ";D$;" ";C
HR$(245);" PAID: ";R$;" ";CHR$
(245);" ";"BAL DUE: ";0$;:PRINT

46 THE RAINBOW April 1989

#-2,TAB(63) "SHIPPED: ";G$
560 PRINT#-2,CHR$(28) ;CHR$(80) ;C
HR$(241)

TAB (71)
###.##" ;b
590 PRINT#-2,
60,0 PRINT#-2,

ii it
ii ii

620 PRINTft-2,CttKS?(27)

630 PRINT#-2 f CHR$(27) f w-x Y l -,
640 PRINT #-2 , TAB (63) " SUBTOTAL
: PRINT#-2 , USING" $$ # ##.##"; S
650 PRINT#-2 ,TAB (60) "NY SALESTAX

" ; : PRINT#-2 , USING" $$ # ##.##" ;M
660 PRINT#-2, TAB (63) "SHIPPING ";
:PRINT#-2 ,USING"$$### . ##" ;U
670 PRINT#-2, TAB (63) "TOTAL ";
:PRINT#-2,USING"$$###. ##";T
680 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(22)
690 PRINT#-2," "

700 CLS

710 PRINT: PRINT "HAS THIS BILL

THEN 760
THEN 830

EEN PAID? Y/N
720 AN$=INKEY$
730 IF AN$="Y"
740 IF AN$="N"
750 GOTO 720
760 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(14) ;T

AB( 18) "Thank You"

770 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(28)
780 PRINT* -2, TAB (17) "P A I D"
790 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(15)
800 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(54)
810 PRINT#-2," "
820 PRINT* -2," »

830 PRINT" PRINT SECOND COPY? <Y
> OR <N>"

840 AN$=INKEY$
850 IF AN$="Y"
860 IF AN$="N"
870 GOTO 840
880 CLS
890 PRINT: PRINT"
0 MENU"
900 PRINT"

GOTO 440
GOTO 880

<1> RETURN T

910 PRINT"
LABEL"

920 PRINT: PRINT"
OICE>?

<2> GO TO UPS LABE
<3> GO TO PACKAGE

<YOUR CH

SPECIAL DEAL ON 500
PROGRAMS IS BACK!

BACK BY POPULAR DEMAND! GET OUR LATEST
50 DISKS OR TAPES FULL OF OVER 500 PROGRAMS.
HERE IS WHAT YOU'LL RECEIVE:

*Over 250 Utility/Home Application Programs including a
Word Processor, Database, Spreadsheet, Disk Utilities,
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grams for Kids, plus much more!

*Over 200 exciting games including King Pede, Kron, Star
Trek, Flight Simulator, Wizard, Horse Races, Football, plus
much more.

*Over 30 adventures including Rambo, Haunted House,
Power Sword, Skid Row, plus 32k graphic adventures.

Individual issues sell for s 9°° each or $ 450°°
for all 50. We slashed the price to

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REG, $ 450

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TURN TO
PAGES 122 & 123
FOR A COMPLETE
LISTING OF ALL
OUR PROGRAMS.

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6 month subscription.

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

WE'VE CHOSEN THE BEST OF OVER 760 PROGRAMS (OVER 6 YEARS
OF ACCUMULATING FINE SOFTWARE), AND PACKAGED THEM FOR
YOU. 12 PROGRAMS EACH PACKAGE. COLOR COMPUTER I, II or III.
SPECIFYTAPE OR DISK. ONLY $29.95 EACH PACKAGE! 5 NEW ONES!

#1 Home Mgmt I

Budget

Checkbook Balancer
Cost of Living
Tinycalc Spreadsheet
Electronic Datebook
Account Manager
Stock Market
Word Processor
Lottery Analyst
Coco Database
Coco Terminal
Bartender

#4 Busines s Helper

Workmate
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
Calendar

Accounts Receivable
Accounts Payable
Income Property
Mail List

Smalt Business Helper
Stock Charting
Job Log
Asset Manager

#7 Machine Lang. Tut.

Basic Compiler

ML Tutorial Pt. 1

ML Tutorial Pt. 2

ML Tutorial Pt. 3A, 3B

ML Tutorial Pt. 4

ML Tutorial Pt. 5

ML Tutorial Pt. 6

ML Tutorial Pt. 7

ML Tutorial Pt. 8

MLT Dictionary

Coco Technical Look

Coco Technical Look Pts. 1-3

#2 Education

Flash Card
Spanish Lessons
Typing Tutor
Creativity Test
Arith. Football
Cost of Living
Math Tutors 1, 2
Trigonometry Tutor
Typing Game
Word Tests
Talking Alphabet
Clown Dunk Math

#5 Games III

Sandy Rover ^ \ / /
Gray Lady *A»L '

Flippy The Seal 'VA'tm^,
Abie Builders / W.
Panzer S / i

Mrs. Pac / |

Fire Runner
Cosmic Rays
Dig

Battle Tank
Kron

King Pede

#8 Gamble Issue

#3 AdventuresJI

J /

Dungeon Master .
Hired, Tired, Fired
Iceworld

Jungle "
Keys

Amulet of Power
The Trip
Cookies
Barracks
Genesis Project
Rambo

Zigma Experiment

#6 Electronics Tutorial

Horse Racing

Rack Track

Black Jack
Slot Machine
Lottery Analyst
Coco Keeno
Lucky Money
Betting Pool
Baccarat
Draw Poker
Turtle Races
Hi-Lo/Craps

Electronics 1+2
Electronics 3 + 4 s »
Electronics 5 + 6
Electronics 7 + 8 /
\ Electronics 9 + 10
Electronics 11 + 12
Electronics 13
Electronics 14
Electronics 15
Electronics 16
Electronics 17
Electronics 18

#9 Coco 3 Only

Paint Coco 3

/ I \

\ i /

_ *Ag^f y Convert Coco 3
^ ' ^i/lss Demon's Castle
^ . * ^ Function Keys — *
/ / \ Bowling 3
/ I \ Coco 3 * Coco 2
Wizard

Coco 3 Drawer
H-Res Chess
FYR-Draca 3
Whammy 3
Coco 3 Screen Print

s 29 95 EACH SET

★ Special This Month *
Buy 2 Packages and get 1 FREE

T&D SUBSCRIPTION SOFTWARE, 2490 MILES STANDISH DR., HOLLAND, Ml 49424 (616) 399-9648

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 47

—

93j3 AN$=INKEY$
94J3 ON VAL (AN$ ) GOTO 1J3, 1090,152

950 GOT093j3
96J3 M=j3
970 GOT012J3

980 ' UPS TICKET PRINTER
990 CLS

1000 PRINT " *********
***••

1010 PRINT
p *"

1020 PRINT
***•'

1030 PRINT
G$

1040 PRINT
1050 PRINT
1060 INPUT
1070 INPUT
1080 INPUT
1090 CLS
1100 PRINT
1110 PRINT

* UPS SLI

*********

"DATE SHIPPED": INPUT

"NAME" : INPUT N$
"ADDRESS": INPUT A$
"CITY";C$
"STATE" ;W$
"ZIP" ;Z$

"VALUE": INPUT V$
"PACKAGE CONTENTS": IN

PUT P$

1120 PRINT: PRINT"
RINTER"

113J3 PRINT: PRINT"

EN READY

1140 AN$=INKEY$

PREPARE P

PRESS <P> WH

1150 IF AN$="P" GOTO 1170
1160 GOTO 1140

1170 PRINT #-2, "DAVID'S PRESS

";G$

1180 PRINT#-2

1190 PRINT#-2

II II
II II
II

II II
II

1200 PRINT#-2
1210 PRINT#-2
1220 PRINT#-2
1230 PRINT#-2
1240 PRINT#-2
1250 PRINT#-2
1260 PRINT#-2
1270 PRINT#-2
1280 PRINT#-2
1290 PRINT#-2
1300 PRINT#-2
1310 CLS

1320 PRINT: PRINT
1330 PRINT"
PS SLIPS"
13 40 PRINT"
NU"

1350 PRINT"
KAGE LABEL"
13 60 PRINT"
1370 PRINT: PRINT"
>?»

"85 GLENWOOD BLVD.

"HUDSON, NY 12534

it it
ii ii

N$
A$
C$;"

II II

";W$;" ";Z$

";v$

";P$

<1> PRINT MORE U

<2> RETURN TO ME

<3> GO ON TO PAC

<4> QUIT"

<YOUR CHOICE

"Level II Patch for Profile" (Letters To The Editor,
February 1989, Page 6): The first patch file listed in
the letter should be titled PROPATCH. Also, insert the
Line c 0a e4 27 between the second and third existing
lines. The second listing should be called MGTPATCK
Finally, in the command lines section, you should
insert the command line modpatch mgtpatch just
after load mgt;

1 '

"Program a RAM Disk" (January 1989, Page 110:)

The following changes to RRMDI5K (Listing I) will
allow the use of the 40-and 80-column screens.

"For the Love of Gold" (December 1988, Page
58): The line numbers from 100 on in PRDS1 and
PR0S2 are numbered incorrectly. Instead of by tens,
they should increment by one. The best way to correct
the problem is to type each program as is. Then
renumber them by entering RENUM 100,100,;!.

"All the Right Moves" (December 1988, Page 116.):

Table 1 incorrectly states that Line 49 optionally
deletes Line 48. This should read that Line 49
optionally deletes lines 0 through 48.

60 CLEAR 300,&H?DFF

171 INPIJT"D0 YOU MRNT TO USE 40/

80 COLUMNS (V/N)";R$

$72 IF R$0"Y" THEN 1B0

173 DSKI$ B,17,2,R$,8$

174 MID$(R$,54,2 )=STRI NB$(2, 0|

175 DSI<0$ B,17,2,R$,8$

For quicker reference, Corrections will be posted on
Delphi as soon as they are available in the Info on
Rainbow topic area of the database. Just type DftTR
at the CoCo SIG> prompt and INFO at the TOPIO
prompt.

48 THE RAINBOW April 1989

138j3 AN$=INKEY$

139J3 ON VAL(AN$) GOTO 980,10,152
0, 180)3

1400 GOTO 13 80

1410 • DAVID'S PRESS MAILING LAB
EL

1420 CLS

1430 PRINT: PRINT

1440 PRINT " *******************
*************

1450 PRINT " * DAVID'S PRESS MAI
LING LABEL*"

1460 PRINT " *******************
***********"

1470 INPUT "NAME" ;N$
1480 INPUT "ADDRESS" ;A$
1490 INPUT "CITY";C$
1500 INPUT "STATE" ;W$
1510 INPUT "ZIP";Z$
1520 CLS

1530 PRINT: PRINT" PREPARE PR

INTER"

1540 PRINT" PRESS <P> WHEN RE
ADY"

1550 AN$=INKEY$

1560 IF AN$="P"GOTO1580 ELSE 155
0

1570 GOTO1550

1580 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(14) 7
" DAVID'S PRESS"
1590 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(28)
1600 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(15) ;
" 85 Glenwood Blvd. Hudson,

NY 12534"
1610 PRINT#-2,'»"

1620 PRINT#-2,"

1630 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(54)
1640 PRINT#-2,""
1650 PRINT#-2,""

1660 PRINT#-2," TO: ";N$

1670 PRINT#-2," ";A$
1680 PRINT#-2," ";C$;

", ";W$;" ";Z$

1690 PRINT#-2,""
1700 PRINT#-2,""
1710 CLS

1720 PRINT: PRINT

1730 PRINT" <1> PRINT MORE L

ABELS"

1740 PRINT" <2> RETURN TO ME

NU"

1750 PRINT" <3> QUIT"

1760 PRINT: PRINT" <YOUR CHOICE

>?"

1770 AN$=INKEY$

1780 ON VAL(AN$) GOTO 1410,10,18
00

1790 GOTO 1770

1800 END /»

VIP Writer 1.1

RATED "BEST" IN SEPT '88 "RAINBOW"

VIP Writer has all the features of VIP Writer III described elsewhere in this
magazine except the screen widths are 32, 51 , 64 & 85. Screen cofors are black,
green & white, double clock speed is not supported, Spooler and menus are
unavailable because of memory limitations. Even so, VIP Writer is the BEST word
processor for the CoCo 1 & 21 Version 1.1 includes the configuration program
and RGB Hard Disk support. Includes VIP Speller 1.1 DISK $69.95

Available through Radio Shack Express Order Cat. #90-141

Writer owners: upgrade to Writer 1 .1 for $20 + $3 S/H. Send only original disk and $23 total.

VIP Speller 1.1

INCLUDES 50,000 WORD DICTIONARY

VIP Speller works with ANY ASCII file created by most popular word processors -
even Telewriter 64. It automatically checks text files for words to be corrected,
marked for special attention or even added to the 50,000 word Dictionary. You
can even view the word in context. Words can be added to or deleted from the
dictionary or you can create your own dictionary I New features of version 1 .1 are
FASTER and more reliable disk access and printing at 9600 baud. DISK $34.95
Spelter owners: upgrade to Speller 1 .1 tor $10 + $3 S/H. Send original disk and $13 Total.

VIP Calc 1.1

"MORE USEABLE FEATURES" FEB. 1985 "RAINBOW"

VIP Calc has all the features of VIP Calc III described elsewhere in this magazine
except the screen widths are 32, 51, 64 & 85. Screen colors are black, green and
white, double clock speed and Spooler are not supported. Even so, VIP Calc is the
most complete calc for the CoCo 1 & 2! Version 1 .1 has faster and more reliable
disk access and improved display speed. DISK $59.95

Calc owners: upgrade to Calc 1.1 for $10 + $3 S/H. Send only original disk and $13 total.

VIP Database 1.1

"ONE OF THE BEST" JUL '84 "RAINBOW"

VIP Database has all the features of VIP Database III described elsewhere in this
magazine except the screen widths are 51 , 64 & 85. Screen colors are black,

green and white, double clock speed and Spooler are not supported. Even so, VIP
latabase is the most complete database for the CoCo 1 & 21 Version 1 .1 has
faster and more reliable disk access and single spaced reports. D ISK $49.95
Database owners: upgrade to Database 1 .1 for $1 0 + $3 S/H. Send only disk and $1 3 total.

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RAVED ABOUT IN THE APRIL 1983 "RAINBOW"

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April 1989 THE RAINBOW 49

New users frequently ask, "Can I run
PC-compatible software on my CoCo?"
While that might be nice in some cases,
it is not practical to attempt to run PC
programs on a CoCo.

The problem is that the CoCo uses a
6809 processor while the PC uses an
8088, 8086, 80286 or 80386 processor.
These microprocessors use totally dif-
ferent instruction sets that cannot be
translated easily. There are no magic
peeks or pokes to remedy the situation,
either. While conversions are theoreti-
cally possible, the resulting emulation
would be much slower than the corre-
sponding software running on a PC.

If source code for a particular pro-
gram is available, it may be possible to
recompile or reassemble the code on the
CoCo in order to produce a usable
program. However, this is rarely the
case except in the area of OS-9 software,
where UNIX utilities are frequently
available and modifiable for the CoCo.

Actually, many BASIC programs can
be converted to run on the CoCo if you
are sufficiently determined. BASIC pro-
grams in ASCII format can be ported
over from one machine to another,
where the necessary modifications may
be made. Machine-language utilities
have been available for the Radio Shack
Models I, II and III to enable MS-DOS
BASIC programs to be passed between
the two machines with the necessary
conversions made automatically How-
ever, I know of no such utilities for the
CoCo or MS-DOS machines.

Naturally, text files may be freely
transferred between the two computer
types with no modifications. It's usually
only in binary programs that problems
arise.

New Forum Software

The forum has been modified to
support the following new features:

• New qualifiers since and BEFORE
apply on the directory and rerd com-
mands. You can now enter a command
such as RERD SINCE DEC 5 to read mes-
sages starting with December 5. The
syntax of all RERD and directory qual-

Dori Hutchison is an electrical engineer
and lives in Atlanta, Georgia. He works
as a senior project engineer involved in
the design of industrial control systems.
On Delphi, Don is the Database Man-
ager of the rainbow CoCo SIG. His
Delphi username is DONHUTCHISON.

What's new on Delphi

CoCo

DOS?

By Don Hutchison

CoCo SIG Database Manager

ifiers has been relaxed so that they can
begin with a slash mark (/) and have an
equal sign (=) before values. This way,
a command such as DIR/5IN=5-DEC
works just as it does in Mail, and does

RERD/NEW

• If a user has only one accessible topic
in the forum, the prompt for the topic
in which to save a new message is
skipped.

• The default addressee of a message is
now shown at the To: prompt enclosed

in brackets. This change makes it easier
and faster to reply to a forum message.

• More characters are displayed in the
subject field of a message in a directory
display.

2400-bps Access

When accessing Delphi via 2400 bps
and Telenet, be sure to press the "at"
(@) symbol and ENTER when your
modem connects to Telenet. You will
have to type this command blindly since
it won't be echoed back to you, but
you'll be able to see everything that
follows.

Also be sure you access Telenet using
the correct local access number for
2400-bps service. Otherwise you will not
be able to connect with the service. As
usual, there is no surcharge for 2400-bps
service while on Delphi.

GETerm Version 2.5

Great news! Version 2.5 of the pop-
ular terminal program GETerm is now
available in the Utilities topic of the
CoCo SIG's database. This version of
GETerm is very similar to the one many
have used before. A few bugs have been
fixed and a few new features have been
added, such as:

• 2400-bps support for the CoCo 3's
serial port

• 9600-bps support for the RS232 Pak

• Y- and Xmodem-CRC protocols

Database Report

Even as we begin to think about nice
weather and getting outside again, we're
still very busy and active on the CoCo
SIG. Here's some of the new material
people have provided for us this past
month.

OS-9 Online

In the Utilities topic of the database,
Jim Hickle (JIMHICKLE) sent us a new
copy utility, Ronald Cliborne (CO-
CORON) uploaded a directory utility.
Zack Sessions (ZACKSESSIONS) posted
a C program for use with a RAM disk.
Marc Genois (MARCGENOIS) posted a
disk ID-changer utility. Roger Krupski
(HARDWAREHACK) uploaded his
palette program.

The Patches topic included Chris-
topher Burke (COCOXT), who uploaded

several Utilities for RSB users, mostly
concerned with better cursor positioning
and joystick response.

In the Telcom topic, Rick Adams
(RICK ADAMS) uploaded a graphics
interface for the popular Delphi Othello-
like game, Fliplt. Rick's program pro-
vides a joystick interface with the game.
Originally programmed by Dan Bruns,
president of Delphi, it was demonstrated
at the Princeton RAINBOWfest.

In the Graphics & Music topic, I
(DONHUTCHISON) uploaded the pic-
tures from the February CoCo Gallery.
Glen Hathaway (HATHAWAY) posted his
program MTMIDL Steve Clark (STE-
VECLARK) uploaded Version 2 of his
analog clock program. Mark O'Pella
(MDODELPHI) uploaded his collection
of Christmas-related items.

50 THE RAINBOW April 1989

• Direct to/ from disk Xmodem and
Ymodem file transfers

• longer macros

• definable filter characters

Greg Miller, the program's author,
offers a configuration program for a
small ($15 to $20) contribution toward
his college fund. The configuration
program isn't required since the user
may always change his terminal pa-
rameters by following the built-in
menus, but Greg offers the program for
the convenience of those who want
theirs to be the default values.

Many users have begun using Ymo-
dem file transfers because they are
generally faster than Xmodem. (This is
not the case if you are plagued with
noisy phone lines, however.) To achieve
its faster transfer speeds, Ymodem relies
on larger block sizes, or chunks of data.
Where Xmodem would send data to
your CoCo in 128-byte chunks, Ymo-
dem sends the data in 1024-byte blocks.
It is this reduction in the amount of
communications overhead between the
blocks that makes Ymodem generally
faster than Xmodem. If you consis-
tently experience retries with Ymodem,
though, it's unlikely that the transfer
time will be decreased — telephone line
noise is the usual culprit. In this case,
it's probably best to stick with Xmo-
dem, and I might even recommend

Xmodem-CRC because of its greater
error-detection capablities.

To initiate a Ymodem transfer from
Delphi, enter GETerm's Terminal
mode, then press CTRL-? to display the
menu of options. Relevant commands
for new file transfer methods are:

CTRL-7

CTRL-8
CTRL-9

Ymodem/Xmodem to
disk

Ymodem from disk
Xmodem from disk

To start a Ymodem transfer from
Delphi, enter YM at the Action prompt
in the database; to use Xmodem pro-
tocol, enter XM. (Delphi automatically
determines if your terminal program
wants checksums or CRC error-
checking.) Then issue the appropriate
control-key command from the table
above when Delphi says, "OK, Re-
ceive!" and you're on your way.

By the way, after the initial Ymodem
transfer Delphi asks if you want to
make Ymodem your default file-
transfer method. If you enter yes,
Delphi saves this parameter in your
profile. Simply typing DOW at the Action
prompt in the future will automatically
initiate your file transfer in Ymodem
protocol.

Delphi and Linefeeds

Several readers have written regard-
ing a funny-looking letter at the start of

each line in their buffer after they
complete a download. That phenom-
enon is caused by linefeeds being sent
to you from Delphi. Most computers
need linefeeds, but our CoCo is one
computer that doesnt. In our case, it's
okay to tell Delphi not to send them to
you. You can do that by entering /DOW
CAR at any prompt except the Mail
prompt. That tells Delphi to skip send-
ing the linefeeds to you, and from then
on you'll receive downloads with only
carriage returns at line endings. Enter /
SAVE to make the change to your default
setting.

Download Counts

The database software in the CoCo
SIG also contains the facility for dis-
playing what's called a download count.
The download count is simply a count
of the number of times a program or file
has been downloaded. If you upload a
program to the database, the download
count is also a measure of how popular
your program has been with SIG
members. The download count is dis-
played in the field labeled Count; youll
see it whenever you read a description
in the database. Frequent uploaders are
always proud to be able to watch their
programs' download counts grow.

That's about it for this month. We on
the Rainbow CoCo SIG hope you'll join
us in the fun and excitement online on
Delphi! □

The Programmers Den topic gave us
Mike Stute (GRIDBUG), who posted
Volume J of his Hitch Hiker *s Guide to C,
Ken Heist (MKJ) also posted his C
tutorial.

CoCo SIG

In CoCo 3 Graphics I uploaded the
pictures from the January and February
CoCo Galleries. Dan Shargel (TRI-
UMPH) posted a 1989 calendar for us.
Richard Trasborg (TRAS) posted an
outstanding picture of Santa's daughter
as drawn by Mike Trammell. Ronald
Roden (TREKKER) uploaded three fa-
vorite pictures of the Enterprise, Robert
Combs (ROBCOMBS) sent us a line-
drawing program. Mike Stute posted a
cynical cartoon called "Nicky the
Mouse." Josh Alkire (HEYDUDE) up-
loaded several Macintosh pictures. Bob
Workman (BOBWORKMAN) uploaded a
screen dump for the DMP-1 10 and Max-
10. Brian White (BRIANWHITE) posted

more information about Max-10. John
Malon (JOHNLM) uploaded several fine
pictures in GIF format.

The Utilities & Applications topic
included Dave Leebrick (TWINSDAD-
TOO), who uploaded a tax program for
1988. Matthew Hunt (MATTHE WHUNT)
posted his Hi-Res screen designer pro-
gram. Pierre Salvail (PSALVAIL) up-
loaded a directory utility program. Ro-
bert Louden (KURSE) posted his
colorization system. John Borowski
(ROKO) posted a program for generating
random passwords. Merle Kemmerly
(TOOK3) uploaded an FDOS program,
while Eric Parish (ERICPAR) provided a
"fish 6 n' sharks" game and a revision to
his Sky and Planets program. Don Jer-
eczek (DONJERE) gave us a financial
calculator, and Donald Schmitz
(DNSCHMITZ) provided a way to use the
DMP-130 in IBM mode, as well as some
of his favorite electronics programs.

In the Games topic, Matthew Hunt
posted a Warrior King patch. Bruce Bell

(BRUCEBELL) gave us Volume 1 of his
Puzzlemania series. Eric Parish uploaded
four of his favorite games, including his
popular checker game.

In Classic Graphics, I uploaded the
pictures from the January CoCo Gallery.
George McCashin (GMCC) posted a
screen dump program. Chuck Wiltgen
(ROGERRABBIT) uploaded Pro- Draw, a
BASIC graphics editor.

From Music & Sound come George
Hoffman (HOFFBERGER), who posted
his favorite Lyra songs, and Don Jerec-
zek, who uploaded several Christmas
songs. Ken Furlow (SAPPHIRE2) also
posted a Christmas Musica collection.

In Telecommunications Bill Haesslein
(BILLH) uploaded a GETerm parameter
loader program. Tom Taylor (TOMMIE-
TAYLOR) posted the StarBBS package
for you future SysOps.

As you can see, we have some out-
standing new software in the database.
Join us online on Delphi and get in on
the fun! ^

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 51

Now I know I wrote it down
somewhere

Make a Note

of It

By William Souser

/5%

1 v

vest

**■

•Kb*

1 ver make a note to yourself as a
reminder, only to find later that

iyou've forgotten where you put
it? That's what happens when you jot
those phone messages down on the
corners of napkins and dry-cleaning
receipts.

Here's a program that lets you print
telephone message notepaper so per-
haps youH be less prone to pitch that
important note informing you where to
pick up the lottery money, or to realize
that you wiped up Mikey's milk with the
note stating the tax auditor's date of
arrival.

CallMemo was created using a CoCo
2, disk drive, and a DMP-105 printer.
Line 130 sets the printer rate to 2400
baud. It can be changed, however, to
suit your printer. The printer controls,
prefaced by CHR$(27] are: CHR$(14),
expanded on; CHR$(15), expanded off;
CHR$(20), compressed; and DHR$fl9|,
return to standard.

After the title screen, the program
prompts for number of copies per page
and asks how many pages you want
printed. After you answer the prompt,
it prints the number of pages asked for.

(Questions or comments regarding
this program may be directed to the
author at 13 E Hillside Rd., Greenbelu
MD 20770. Please enclose an SASE
when requesting a reply.) □

William Souser is a 57-year-old self-
taught BASIC programmer.

52 THE RAINBOW April 1989

The Listing: CRLLMEMO

10 CLS4 : PRINT® 13 5 , "
ii •

20 PRINTS 167.^"

30 PRINTS 19 9 , "

CALL MEMO
BY

40 PRINTS 2 31, 11 WILLIAM SOUSER

50 PRINTS263,"

60 PRINTS 2 9 5,"
ii .

70 PRINTS327,"
ii .

80 ' * *

90 * ***************;***

100 FOR 1=1 TO 2500:NEXTI
110 CLS:PRINTS165, "THIS PRINTS F
OUR CALL" ; PRINTS 200, "MEMOS TO A
PAGE . "

120 PRINTS261, "HOW MANY PAGES DO
YOU": PRINTS 2 9 6, "WANT TO PRINT";
: INPUTA

130 POKE150,18

140 A$=STRING$(37,42) :B$=STRING$
(37,45)

150 FOR H=l TO A
160 F0RI=1T02

170 PRINT#-2:PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;C
HR$ (14) ;TAB(7) "CALL MEMO

CALL MEMO":PRINT#-2,CHR$(27
) ;CHR$(15)

180 GOSUB 340:PRINT#-2,"TO

TO":GOSUB350
190 PRINT #-2, "FROM

FROM" : GO

)

TEL. NO (
"!GOS

SUB 3 50

200 PRINT#-2,"TEL.NO. (

EXT.

) EXT,
UB340

2 10 PRINT#-2,CHR$ (27 ) ; CHR$ ( 20 ) "U
RGENT CALLE
D-NO MESSAGE
URGENT

CALLED-NO MESSAGE"
220 PRINT #-2, "PLEASE CALL

WILL CALL LATER

PLEASE CALL
WILL CALL

LATER"

230 PRINT# -2, "RETURNED YOUR CALL

WAS HERE

RETURNED YOU
R CALL WAS HERE" ;

:PRINT| -2, CHR$ ( 27) ; CHR$ (19)
240 GOSUB340

250 PRINT#-2 ,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(20) "R
ED'D BY DATE

TIME
REC'D BY
DATE TIME"; : PRINT #-2

,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(19)
260 GOSUB340

270 FOR J-1TO 8:PRINT#-2:GOSUB35

0:NEXTJ

2«p PRINT #-2

290 NEXT I

300 NEXT H

3 10 PRINT #-2 , CHR$ ( 27) ; CHR$ ( 19 )
320 END'

330 REM PRINT SUB ROUTINES

340 PRINT#-2,A$" " A$ : RETURN

350 PRINT#-2,B$" "B$: RETURN

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April 1989 THE RAINBOW 53

1 CoCo Consultation s

]

Torn Apart

I'm having trouble connecting an
Atari brand RGB analog monitor to the
CoCo 3. / paid a commercial cable
maker to devise a cable that would solve
the problem, but instead, the image was
shifted to the lower-right section of the
Lo-Res screen, and unreadably torn
apart when I selected a 40-or 80-column
Hi-Res screen.

Lonnie McClure
Chattanooga, Tennessee

The problem is that while the R,G
and B lines going to the Atari monitor
accept the same signal as that produced
by the CoCo 3, the horizontal and
vertical sync signals expected by the
Atari monitor are supposed to be neg-
ative (down-going), but the CoCo is
sending positive (up-going) H and V
sync signals. You must invert both the
H and V sync signals as they come out
of the CoCo 3 before sending them to
the H and V sync pins of the Atari
monitor's input.

I recently made such a cable for
Lonnie. In order to obtain a source of
+5 volts to power the inverter gate used
to invert the H and V sync signals, a
minor internal modification in the
CoCo 3 was required, but after that
mod was made, the cable worked per-
fectly and produced an excellent image
on the Atari monitor.

The Great Pretender

/ noticed that there are both 720K
and 1.44 Meg capacity 3 l /2-inch drives
advertised in various computer equip-
ment magazines. The price difference
between them is small . . . often as little
as $20. Can you advise me whether I
should get the 1.44 Meg variety or the
720 K variety?

Chuck Cilgen

(ROGERRABBIT)

Dubuque, Iowa

Martin H. Goodman, M.D., a physi-
cian trained in anesthesiology, is a
longtime electronics tinkerer and out-
spoken commentator — sort of the
Howard Cosell of the CoCo world. On
Delphi, Marty is the SIGop of rain-
bow's CoCo SIG and database man-
ager of OS-9 Online. His non-computer
passions include running, mountaineer-
ing and outdoor photography. Marty
lives in San Pablo, California.

By Marty Goodman

Rainbow Contributing Editor

As long as the costs are comparable,
Fd say buy the 1.44 Meg variety. Note,
however, that you will not be able to use
them as 1.44 Meg drives if you are
hooked up to a normal Radio Shack
disk controller. You can use the 1.44
Meg drives as if they are 720K drives,
and use them with the less expensive
720K-capable diskettes. The 1.44 Meg
drives will behave as if they are 720K
drives, without compatibility problems.

A single pin on the drive's connector
is tied to the ground to put the drive into
"720K mode." (The pin is usually auto-
matically grounded when hooking up
an ordinary controller and cable.) Only
the Frank Hogg Labs Deluxe System
(engineered by Bruce Isted) will support
the use of 1.44 Meg drives as 1.44 Meg
drives. But the system can be used only
under OS-9 because the floppy-
controller portion of the system will not
support Radio Shack Disk BASIC.

Down the line the 1.44 Meg-type
drives will have a considerably greater
resale value, and will be more useable
with the current and future crop of MS-
DOS engines.

Used and Cheap is Best Bet

/ would like to buy one or more
floppy-disk drives for my CoCo 3 that
can read the standard 35-track single-
sided format but offer double-sided 40-

or possibly 80-track capability. I'm
interested in using them under OS-9.
What do you suggest?

Dave Took

(DA VIDZ)

Chicago, Illinois

You obviously are asking about Sc-
inch size floppies. All 360K (40-track,
double-sided, 48-track per inch, 514-
inch size) "IBM-style" floppies are
totally "backward compatible" with the
obsolete CoCo 35-track single-sided
formats. This compatibility extends to
both reads and writes.

When you go to 80-track (96 TPI
variety) drives, the picture gets more
complicated. There are two completely
different types of 80-track 5!4-inch
drives. The first is the 720K capacity 80-
track drive. It was used under some of
the last CPM systems made, and by the
Tandy 2000 and some other machines.
It is not a standard drive in the current
MS-DOS engine world. Most are sold
used and are very inexpensive. The
drive is used by some CoCo OS-9 users
because it works nicely with standard
Radio Shack type controllers (Radio
Shack, HDS, J&M, Disto, etc.). These
drives, when driven by proper software,
have no trouble reading disks written
with 40- or 35-track drives. However,
they cannot reliably write to a disk
formatted or written by a 35- or 40-
track drive. Attempting it risks destroy-
ing the information on the disk. Also,
because many programs and operating
systems do a lot of writing to disk
automatically, you need to put write
protect tabs on any 40-track diskette
you plan to read using an 80-track drive.
Note that the 80-track, 5!4-inch drive I
am discussing is electronically the same
as the (now industry standard) 80-track,
720K, 3 l / 2 -inch disk drives.

The current industry standard in the
MS-DOS engine world for 514-inch, 80-
track drives is the AT style 1.2 Meg
capacity drive. This drive is of no use
to you because it cannot operate with
ordinary Radio Shack style controllers.
AT style is more similar in design with
double-sided 8-inch drives than with
other 5 l /4-inch or 3i4-inch type drives.
They even rotate at a different speed
from other 5 Va -inch drives.

At the Flick of a Switch

I have a Tandy lOOOEXanda CoCo
3 hooked to the same DWP-230 printer.

THE RAINBOW April 1989

The 1000EX hooks to the parallel
printer port and the CoCo to the serial
printer port When the Co Co is hooked
up, I can still use the 1000EX just fine,
but when the cable from the 1000EX is
hooked up, the serial port will not work.
Is there a hardware or software fix for
this?

Also what is meant by the term head-
banging on disk drives?

Dan Weaver
Amsterdam, New York

The only fix I know of is a hardware
one. Buy an A/ B printer switch box and
a spare cable to hook the output of one
side of the box to your printer. These
sell for $25-$50 at stores that vend IBM
PC / MS-DOS engine accessories. Be
sure to buy the box and the cable at the
same time, and get connectors on the
cable to match the box and the printer.
With the switch box you can disconnect
your parallel port cable at the flick of
a switch.

Headbanging refers to a bug in code
in Microsoft's Disk BASIC, resulting in
the disk drive's head "getting lost" and
slamming into its stops each time you
access the disk after a power up or a cold
start. The cause is a simple error in the
Disk BASIC code. Several people, in-
cluding myself, wrote Tandy about it
when Disk BASIC 1.0 was released but
Tandy refused to acknowledge that
there was a problem.

Art Flexser solves the problem in his
enhanced Disk BASIC ADOS product.
Repeated slamming of the head into the
stops can damage some drives. The
manufacturer's specifications on some
makes of disk drive explicitly warn
software writers of this danger. The only
proper fix for the head-banging bug in
Disk BASIC involves buring an EPROM
with a modified Disk BASIC code that
automatically forces a return to track
zero whenever the drive is accessed after
a cold start or power up.

For Tinkerers Only

/ have a Seikosha serial printer de-
signed for a Commodore computer. It
has a six-pin DIN connector on it. Can
I hook it to my Co Co 3?

Salvador Flores
Yauco, Puerto Rico

If you are a hardware tinkerer you
may succeed in making the hook-up.
Commodore type serial ports are differ-
ent from industry standard RS-232
ports in several respects. You need to
make up a circuit board using 1488 and

1489 chips powered by a three voltage
power supply (+12, -12, and +5 volts) to
do level conversion from the 0 to 5 volt
TTL signal levels sent and expected by
the Commodore type serial port to the
+ 12 / -12 volt levels expected by the
(industry standard) RS-232 type port
on the CoCo.

Modify Those Modifications!

I'd like to modify your program in the
June 1986 Rainbow for MS-DOS to
CoCo conversion to support double-
sided drives and sub-directories on the
MS-DOS disk. Can you help?

Carey Bloodworth
Swink, Oklahoma

Vm afraid the project amounts to a
nearly total rewrite of my program, and
would take tens (possibly hundreds) of
hours of skilled programming time. My
advice to you is to forget about doing
that unless you are planning to market
it as a commercial product, and instead
do one of the following:

(a) Buy CoCo Util or Xenocopy from
Microcom. These two programs run on
an MS-DOS machine and provide for
conversion to or from CoCo type Disk
BASIC disks. Xenocopy also supports
over 300 other alien formats.

(b) Use serial communications to
transfer the files. Put the two machines
side by side and send the files in ques-
tion from one to the other using com-
munication programs on both machines
and Xmodem and a null modem cable,
or if the machines are not in the same
place, use a telephone line to upload the
files in question to your Delphi work
space, then download them with the
other computer. (Another option is to
have a person on each machine,using
modems, linking the two machines over
the phone line and transfering the file
using Xmodem.)

Mix and Match

(1) Can I put a half-height hard drive
into the same case with a floppy drive?

(2) Can I partition a hard drive so
that I can use it with both Radio Shack
Disk BASIC and with OS-9?

(3) Does ADOS-3 allow me to use
both 80- and 40-track drives in the same
system?

Larry Harris
Clemson, South Carolina

(1) A half-height hard drive will
physically fit in the same case with a
half-height floppy, but the problem is

the power supply. Hard drives usually
require considerably more power, espe-
cially in the first few seconds,than is
required by a floppy drive. Most floppy
drive power supplies are unable to
operate hard drives, so unless the power
supply you are using is designed for the
load of a hard drive during start up, it
will not work. Either the drive will not
function, or it will not work reliably, or
the power supply will eventually over-
heat and burn out.

(2) In an extensive article about hard
drive systems, published in the March
1989 issue of RAINBOW, I describe in
some detail the support of Disk BASIC
and OS-9 by various makers of hard-
drive systems. Different hard-drive
systems vary in handling the matter of
putting Disk BASIC and OS-9 files on
the same drives. Currently the software
included in or sold as an option with the
RGB, Burke and Burke, Disto and Owl-
Ware systems allow you to make such
partitions. Burke and Burke's Hyper-I/
O software for Color BASIC and RGB
Computer Systems' Color basic soft-
ware for hard-drive systems operate
with a variety of different physical hard-
drive set-ups, allowing one to mix and
match.

(3) ADOS-3 allows some support of
40-track drives when configured as an
80-track system. That is, if you hook a
40-track drive to a system with ADOS-
3 that is set up for 80-track drives, you
can read data written on the disk by
other 35- or 40-track drives. Be careful
if writing to a disk that is nearly full; you
may destroy data. Also, do not use this
system to format 35- or 40-track disks,
because the dskini command under an
ADOS-3 system configured for 80-
tracks will try to format a full 80-tracks,
and when it gets beyond 36 or 42 tracks
it will start slamming the drive head
against its stops. Obviously this is not
good for the drive.

Your technical questions are wel-
comed. Please address them to CoCo
Consultations, the rainbow, P.O. Box
385, Prospect, KY 40059.

We reserve the right to publish only
questions of general interest and to edit
for brevity and clarity. Due to the large
volume of mail we receive, we are unable
to answer letters individually.

Questions can also be sent to Marty
through the Delphi CoCo SIG. From the
CoCo SIG> prompt, pick Rainbow
Magazine Services, then, at the RAIN-
BOW> prompt, type ASK (for Ask the
Experts) to arrive at the EXPERTS>
prompt, where you can select the "CoCo
Consultations" online form which has
complete instructions.

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 55

Frank Hogg Laboratory

Over 12 Years of Service, Support, and Friendly Help!

SPRING SALE

mmm

From the workbench of Frank Hogg

April 1989
Dear Friend.

Seven years ago, in April of 1 982, Reagan had been in
office two years, and our first advertisement appeared in
Rainbow! At that point, we had been in business for six
years. Today, only three other companies from that issue
still advertise in Rainbow: Computer Island, Computer Plus
and Sugar Software. Many companies have come and gone
in these past seven years, yet it seems like only yesterday
to me. Here are some interesting facts. We have been in
business as long or longer than any computer magazine
published today! We have supported OS-9 longer than any
other company. Many of you were not born when we started
business in 1976! That makes me feel old! We are now
approaching our 14th year of business, and I think the
reason we're still here is because I love what I'm doing. I
enjoy helping people with their problems. I feel that I am
someone you can call when you need help, a question
answered, or something for your computer. I'm surprised
when people who call FHL with a problem are themselves
surprised to find out it's often me they are talking to. I'm
here if you need me, always happy to help a friend.

Thank you for supporting us all these years. I'll continue
working to bring you products that will make using your
computer as fun and rewarding as it has been for me.

Your Frii

Frank Hogg*

In the March 1 989 issue of Rainbow, Marty Goodman wrote a
very good article on hard drive systems for the coco. Here is
some of what he said about FHL. "Frank Hogg Laboratories
has been selling hard-drive systems longer than any other
RAINBOW advertiser", "FHL and Burke and Burke systems
are twice as fast as all the other systems. " We've been
selling systems with hard drives for almost 5 years. We sell
Burke and Burke as well as our own system, The Eliminator,
designed by Bruce Isted. With either of these two systems
you have the best that money can buy. Remember, there are
only two reasons to buy a hard drive: speed and mass
storage. All the systems will give you the storage, only FHL
will give you the speed. FHL will be there in the future if you
need help, as we have been for almost 14 years. We will sell
you the whole system or the smallest piece. We'll help you
work with what you have and advise you on what's best for
you. Remember, we're here to help.

Hard Drive Systems/Kits/Pieces

1 YEAR MANUFACTURES WARRANTY ON ALL SYSTEMS!

Burke & Burke based kit includes: Burke & Burke (B&B) XT PC interface. Hard
drive with controller, 3 foot ST506 cable set. Hard Drive Case with 60 watt
power supply and fan. Includes OS9 LI and Lll software. 1 megabyte transfer
in only 45 seconds!! Twice as fast as other systemsType ahead under OS9. (No
halt) Complete instructions. Easy one evening assembly.

April Special; 20 Meg Kit
Complete ONLY 449.00

20 Meg Kit Complete
30 Meg Kit Complete
40 Meg Kit Complete
Assemble format & test any of the above add
B&B OPTIONS:

B&B Real Time Clock (add to above)
B&B XT ROM Auto Boot from hard disk
B&B Hyper I/O run DECB on hard drive
B&B Hyper III Ramdisk/spooler for above

4 0 8 .00
548.00
618.00
50.00

30.00
19.95
29.95
19.95

The Eliminator based kit includes Bruce Isted's new interface The Eliminator'
the Western Digital WD 1002-05 high speed controller. Features; fastest system
available, 1 megabyte transfer in only 37 seconds!! Twice as fast as other
systems! Supports 4 floppy and 3 hard drives, type ahead (No halt) for both
floppy and hard disk, auto boot OS9 L1 or L2 from hard or floppy disk, 2 serial
ports, 1 parallel port and Real Time Clock socket. Hard drive with WD
1002-05 controller, ST506 cable set, 3 foot 40 pin cable, Hard Drive Case with
60 watt power supply and fan, OS9 software for LI and Lll with source,
Complete instructions. Easy one evening assembly.

20 Meg High Speed Kit Complete 799.00

40 Meg High Speed Kit Complete 899.00

70 Meg High Speed Kit Complete 1335.00

Assemble format & Test any of the above add 60.00
Eliminator OPTIONS:

Real Time Clock chip 30.00

Serial cable set (2 DB25) 30.00

Parallel cable (Centronics) 30.00

Floppy Cable Int & Ext 25.00

Hard Drive Bits and Pieces

The Eliminator Special 179.95

See Eliminator OPTIONS also

WD1 002-05 Controller

B&B XT PC style interface

B&B XT RTC interface w/clock/calendar

See B&B OPTIONS also

Hard Drive case with 60W P/S and Fan

1 99.95

199.95
69.95
99.95

99.95

SPECIFICATIONS: size 16" deep, 5.5" high, T wide. 60 Watt power supply with 3
drive type power connectors, quiet 1 2 volt DC fan, LEO power indicator, color
matches CoCo. Holds 2 1/2 height hard or floppy drives and has card guided space
for a PCB the size of a drive (like the WD 1002-05 controller)

FBU Fast Hard disk Back Up 75.00
R.S.B. RS Disk Basic under OS9 39.95

Floppy Drives (5.25" and 3.5" FLOPPY DISKS)
TEAC High Quality Drives - 1 Year Warr.
FD55B 360K 40 Track DS 5.25" 1 1 8.00

FD55F 720K 80 Track DS 5.25: 1 51 .00

FD35F 720K 80 Track DS 3.5" 1 47.00

(Bare drives, requires case and power supply

Frank Hogg Laboratory

Over 12 Years of Service, Support, and Friendly Help!

SPRING SALE

\EW VERSION!

Inside OS9 Level II

The Book by Kevin Darling $39.96

SPECIAL ONLY 19.95

Are your tired of playing games with Level II? Do you want to find out whafs
going on inside 0S9? This is the book for you! Over 200 pages of hints, kinks,
bugs, source listings and much more. Written by the well known Compuserve
SysOp, Kevin Darfing. 'Must reading' says Dale Puckett in Rainbow!

START OS-9

An Enjoyable, Hands-On Guide To 05-9 Level II

$32.95 Book and Disk

If you have OS-9 Level 2 or are thinking ofgetting it, this book and disk will get
you started in an enjoyable way. It makes OS-9 fun. The disk contains utilities
and tutorials that are worth the price alone. Now there is a reason to get OS-9

DynaStar

THE Most Popular OS-9 Word Processor!

FEATURES: Best OS9 editor/word processor/text formatter, has everything you
would expect and more, supports terminals and windows simultaneously, auto-
configurable, auto-indent for C and Pascal programming, mail merge for form
letters. Most popular word processor since 1982! Pop-up help menus that can
be disabled. WordStar command style. Works with files larger than memory.
Merge function. Block manipulation, mark, move, copy, delete, read from disk,
write to disk. Keyboard Macros: Define or redefine any control key (up to 29) to
reproduce any key sequences, including commands! Supports multiple printers
via a print control file. Formatting Commands: Justification, word wrap,
centering, headers, footers, macros, odd and even support, multiple index
generation, multiple table of contents generation and more! DynaStar is the last
word processor you will ever have to buyl

DynaStar word processor/formatter 150.00

- J*% ft f A I

DynaSpell

by Dale Puckett

20,000+ word dictionary included. Fast, slick.the best spelling checker available
for OS9. Written by RainbowTech columnist Dale Puckett.

DynaSpell spelling checker 75.00
SPECIAL WHEN PURCHASED WITH DYNASTAR 25.00

The WIZ

Simply the best communications/terminal package for OS9 and the CoCo III.
FEATURES: Mac-Like interface with windows, text and binary upload/download
with xmodem, kermit, on line HELP, AUTOLOGGING lets you dial up and log on
to your favorite service, Macros, VT52 emulation, Usage log and much more.

The Wiz requires a RS-232 Pak or similar device, LII and 512K.
The WIZ WAS

r.'V- ■•. E

:"^nr-

Super SPECIAL ONLY 49.95

■■• ■ - -■ - ■ ■

DlStO RS-232 Pak (Compatible with Tandy RS-232 Pak)

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49.95
199.95

Sculptor

Is it a Database?
Is it a Programming Language?

Is it easy to use?
Will it run on other computers?
Is it the best program available?
YES! The New Version 1.16 is it!
100% Object Code Compatible
100% Data File Compatible
for over 100 Computer/OS combinations

Sculptor, a 4th Generation Language, is an applications generator,
a database, and a programming language. Basic, C, Pascal, etc. are
3rd generation languages and assembly language is 2nd generation.
In Sculptor you can develop an application in one tenth the time over
Basic or one of the other 3rd generation languages. Sculptor brings
the power of high level programming to the less experienced
individual. If you cannot do what you want to do in a 3rd generation
language, then Sculptor will open doors for you. In conventional
programming 1/2 of your time is spent deciding what you want to do
and 1/2 writing the code. With Sculptor most of your time is spent
deciding what to do because it takes so little time to turn your dream
into reality

In 1988 we sold an incredible number of Sculptors at the special
price of $149. We proved that the market was there if the price was
right Version 1.16 lists for $695 on the IBM PC and goes up to
$17,000 on a DEC VAX. Because of our success last year, thru a
special arrangement we are now able to offer Sculp tor version 1.16
to you for only $249.95. Now you can take applications created on
your CoCo and run them on PC's, Unix machines etc. (with the
proper runtime) Sculptor is the most powerful program available for
the CoCo.

But wait... During this special introduction of version 1.16 we have
reduced the price to ONLY $199,951

Requires OS9 Level II and 51 2K. Works on floppies or hard disks.

: '

TTT!

Sculptorv1A6 SPECIAL ONLY 199.95

Existing Sculptor users can update to v1 ,16 for 60.00

ORDERING INFORMATION VISA and M/C, check and COD. NY residents add 7%
sales tax. Contenual US software shipping add $3.50 Ground $6.00 2nd Day Air.
Hardware (drives) add $1 1 ground, $22 2nd Day Air. Please call for Next Day Air costs
and COD. Foreign add 10% S&H (Min $5). Send for FREE FHL NewsLetter/Catalog.

**Most of our software requires OS9 LII and 512K.

Frank Hogg Laboratory, Inc.

Since 1976

Street - Syracuse, NY 13203
Fax 315/474-8225

Call 315/474-7856

' $Y / *5s: s .-'

Once you get to know it, OS-9 is a
great system

OS-9: Time for

a Change

1am a frequent visitor to the CoCo
and OS-9 SIGs on Delphi. Over the
past year, I have noticed a general
resistance to OS-9 among the CoCo
SIG members. As a confirmed OS-9
user, I find this disturbing. Since I was
looking at this from a biased viewpoint,
I decided to step back and try to under-
stand this phenomenon. Why do many
CoCo users consider OS-9 something to
be feared and avoided?

Some CoCo users have little incentive
to use or learn OS-9. These are the users
who are content using Disk basic and
do not need OS-9's features. Other users
may see advantages in OS-9 but are
afraid to make the plunge because they
have heard that OS-9 is user-hostile and
hard to learn. While OS-9 can indeed be
complex, "it ain't necessarily so." Many
CoCo users believe that OS-9 is user-
hostile when they compare it to Disk
BASIC. This is as fair as comparing a 747
to a small stunt plane? Of course the 747
is more difficult to fly, but it is (in most
ways) more capable than the stunt
plane. However, I doubt that either is
inherently more difficult to operate or
understand when comparing similar

Dennis Skala, who holds a master's
degree in physics, works in the area of
composite materials engineering and
development. Dennis lives in Fairview,
Pennsylvania, and is the author of
Microcom's OS-9 RAMdisk Package.

By Dennis Skala

tasks.

Let me begin with the obligatory
statement that OS-9 is an operating
system — no more, no less. Disk BASIC
may be characterized as a pseudo-
operating system. It is essentially an
extension of the Extended BASIC inter-
preter command table to include rudi-
mentary disk I/O capability. OS-9 is an
operating environment — an interface
between you and the computer. Disk
BASIC is a language. Both are just
software.

Level I vs. Level II

OS-9 Level I has been around for 10
years. It was originally written to pro-
vide a powerful operating system for
6809 microcomputers with 64K mem-
ory. The system sacrificed user friend-
liness for the power it gave the 64K
machine. Level I keeps few or no util-
ities in memory in order to maximize
the memory available for programs.
Commonly used utilities (Dir, Copy,
etc.) are kept on disk and loaded into
memory when needed. This makes
Level I a little tricky to use — especially
with only one disk drive.

Level IPs additional memory alle-
viates most of these difficulties. Most
Level II users keep frequently used
utilities in memory, which makes it
easier to switch disks without causing
errors. In addition, Level II windows
make multitasking much easier than it
is with Level I. Under Level I, it is
difficult to run more than one interac-

tive program, and trying to run several
programs can make a mess of your
screen. Level II windows eliminate this
limitation.

Level I comes with an assembler.
Many CoCo users bought the package
and learned how to navigate the system.
However, if they weren't interested in
assembly programming, there was little
else to do with OS-9 except purchase
commercial programs or program lan-
guages. Fortunately, Tandy chose to
include BASIC09 in the Level II package.
More CoCo users are familiar with and
interested in BASIC programming than
in assembly-language programming.
The Level II users can use this system
in the same ways they use Disk BASIC.
If you're one of those users turned off
by Level I, you'll find that Level II is
different — it's aimed at the casual user.

The Myth of OS-9 User-Hostility

Let's compare Disk BASIC with OS-
9. Table 1 lists all the Disk BASIC
commands as presented in Appendix H
of Radio Shack's Color Computer Disk
System Owners Manual and Program-
ming Guide. Next to each command is
the OS-9 or BASIC09 equivalent.

The majority of the Disk BASIC com-
mands are not system commands but
have to do with handling files and
buffers from interpreted BASIC. These
commands are compared to the closest
applicable OS-9 commands. When
comparing the system and file-handling
commands, the OS-9 commands seem

58 THE RAINBOW April 1989

Table 1: Comparison of Disk BASIC, OS-9 and BASIC09 Commands

Disk BASIC

,-. .•■ ' ['■' " ■

OS-9 ' -||f"

BASIC09

BACKUP 0 TU 1

backup ^d0 yul

CLubL wl

pi rrcr mi
LLL-bL PL

CUPY rILtl.EXi:0

copy '□0' r r iiei

TU rILL£.LAT:l

/■Ol' r 1 IB*:

nt /Li /" /-s ttr \

CVN[n$ )

n^a t:i,j.

DIR 0

air 'd0

DRIVE 1

_ t_ _i >_j ,
c-tia ' dl

nun v.-i i

D5KINI 0

r u r itife t. ^uG

D5KIS 0,12,3,N*,N*

UbKD* 0,l£, J,n»,N$

r'Va

n^a

Eur (1)

EOF [1)

r TCI r> HI 1 A ftC net

FIELD 81,10 nb H3>»

n^a [l]

12 R5 B$

C" T 1 ITC 1 1 AAA

r ILta 1 1 1000

n>A f 1 1

n' a \ l j

r KLt i 0 J

TTBS 'd0

' bL 1 Hi , 3

3LLN H± ,3

T kini tT HI QC

INPul H1,H5

T MDI IT H 1 Oct

KILL FILE1.EXT:0

i . i j / c ■ ii a 'i

DELETE ^dw^T 11 81

1 Tkir TklDI (T HI

LINt, 1NPUI Ml,H3>

□rori hi ot
KEHU »1 ,HS

LUHU rILLl.LXi:0 ,K

ILIhJ S^Y • v

LUHU dW^rllBl \4]

I nonM TTI C" 1 C"VT»A" 1 AAA

LUHUn rlLLl»LAl;0 ,1000

load / u0'rllBl

» » < * «

LUF(1)

n^a j

LSET H$=B$

n /a (1)

MERGE TILE1.EXT:0" ? R

merge ^d0^f lie!

h^a

^d0/ f 1 1 82P*/ d 0' f X 1 83

N<N$(1000)

n/a (1)

□PEN "D " , tU f T ILEX , EXT"

□PEN Hl^^/fllel'*

, UPDATE iki ,lp

ran t lit k 1
PRINT Hl,H5

PRINT WltRS

PRINT 81, USING "*.*";fi

.V* < » 4

PRINT ttl USING

PUT 81,3

* • ft » •

n/a [1]

RENRnE FILE1.EXT:0 TO

rename ^ov^f I lal f I Ib£

FILEZ.EXT:0
R5ET HS-d*

n'a (lj

RUN TILEl.EXT:0 vy ,R

/d0/'Filel

RUN procedure

SAVE VD0/F I LEI, EXT :0",fl

save /d0/f ilel modi (3)

SAVE MODI /D0/FILE1

SflVEM "FILEl.EXT:0 / ' f

sav/e ^d0/Fllel modi (3)

(2)

SAVt MODI /O0/FILE1

1000,2000,1000

(2)

UNLOAD 0

CLOSE HI

VERIFY ON (OFF)

WRITE ttl,R$

r - - - ■

WRITE Hl,ft£

Notes:

1. BASIC09 files do not offer field capability and do not use explicit

buffers. You can get Disk BASIC field's effect in BASIC09 by using

typed variables.

2. These are BASIC09 workspace commands.

3. Supplied with Level I OS-9, but not with Level II.

4. Disk-write verify on or off in OS-9 is contained in the device

descriptor, and is not easily modified*

5. n/a means not applicable

as easy to understand as the corre-
sponding Disk BASIC commands. In
fact, BASiC09's file-handling commands
are more user-friendly than Disk BAS-
IC'S counterparts. BASIC09 lets OS-9
handle file buffers — Disk BASIC re-
quires programmers to manipulate
these.

Some OS-9 commands are complex.
For example, Dsave copies whole direc-
tories to other directories. This utility is
more complex than Disk BASIC. It first
acts on a subdirectory or a logical part
of a disk file. Then it creates a procedure
file, which is piped to another shell. The
new shell (a command interpreter) has
a different default directory and runs
concurrently with the Dsave command
(multitasking). Disk basic doesn't have
subdirectories, procedure files, pipes or
multitasking. It is not surprising that
such a command line would look a little
formidable to a Disk basic user. How-
ever, although a little cryptic, it's en-
tirely logical and understandable when
you know the details.

Does the novice OS-9 user need to
understand all these technical details to
use OS-9 profitably? Of course not.
When using Dsave, the same effect can
be achieved by a series of simple com-
mand lines of the following type:

copy /d0/JUNKDIR/f ilBl /dl/
fllel

copy /d0/JUNKDIR/f ile2 /dl/
file2

(etc.)

This is more tedious but quite
straightforward (and it's the only way to
do it in Disk basic).

Level IFs windowing system can be
intimidating to the novice. Windows are
selected and configured by sending
escape sequences to the screen. There
are lots of permutations here and lots
of details. Who can remember all this
stuff? Even worse, who wants to look it
up every time you want to set up a
window? There is a user-friendly way
around this — procedure files.

Procedure (or script) files are ASCII
text files containing one or more OS-9
commands. When you type the name of
a procedure file, OS-9 reads in the file
and executes the commands one by one,
just as if you had typed them in. The
easiest way to create an OS-9 window
is to make a procedure file to do it.
Choose your size and favorite colors,
get out the manual, look up the com-
mand formats and create a procedure
file to create a window and start a shell.
You only need do this once. Put the file

in the root directory on your boot disk,
and you're in business. I keep a file
called Window. tB0.u7 on my boot disk,
which starts an 80-column text window
in window /u7 with black letters on a
yellow background and starts a com-
mand interpreter. It looks like this:

echo Creating 80 column tBxt window

* Create a B0 column text window using
descriptor /w7

* using black letters on a yellow

background

wcreate /w7 -s=2 0 0 80 24 2 5 5
iniz /w7
shell i=/w7&

Procedure files are a convenient way
to do repetitive things involving tedious
detail. To start my 80-column text
window, I just enter Window - tB0 . w7 and
let OS-9 take care of the details for me.

Most CoCo users are hobbyists. We
tend to use our computers for personal
enjoyment. I think there is a tendency

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 59

to want immediate gratification from
each new piece of hardware or software
— like a small child who gets a new, very
complex, toy and wants to use it to its
fullest immediately. Because OS-9 is a
more complex piece of software than
Disk basic, there is a longer learn-
ing curve, but the novice can ease into
OS-9 without knowing every detail. It
is possible to learn as you go along. As
the novice becomes more proficient,
shortcuts can be used, and OS-9 fea-
tures like pipes and multitasking can be
manipulated.

Naturally, there are some basics to
learn before using OS-9 — even the
novice must be aware of default direc-
tories and realize all commands are not
necessarily memory-resident. If not in
memory, these commands are loaded
from disk. There is a search pattern for
such loads. From what I have seen on
the online forums, about 95 percent of
the problems novice OS-9 users have
result from not knowing their default
directories and not realizing that a
command line with a program name
needs the program either to be in mem-
ory or in the current default execution
directory.

OS-9 is more user-friendly than Disk
BASIC in several respects. To change the
default baud rate of the bit-banger RS-
232 printer port to 1200 baud under
Disk BASIC, one uses POKE &H9G,&H29.
OS-9 provides a utility to do this task.
To do the same under OS-9, just enter
xmode /p baud=3. The OS-9 command
is more straightforward and mnemonic.

OS-9 is also more user-friendly when
listing text files. To list the text file
Readme in the default directory to the
screen, just type list readme. To list to
the printer, type list readme >/p. To do
the same under Disk BASIC, you must
write a BASIC program; or text files must
be self printing; or files must be exam-
ined with a word processor — rather
awkward when compared to the OS-9
List command.

Several years ago, I customized my
Disk BASIC system based on a series of
rainbow articles by Colin Stearman,
which added several basic commands,
faster double-sided disk access, etc. This
involved considerable assembly pro-
gramming and burning an EPROM for
my disk controller. Customizing my
OS-9 system, on the other hand, took
a couple of hours and involved no
programming or hardware modifica-
tions. OS-9 is modular — it is intended
to be customized for each user.

One area in which Disk BASIC is more
user-friendly than OS-9 is in error

reporting. There are fewer Disk basic
error messages, and they are two-letter
mnemonics. OS-9 error messages are
numbers, and in a long command line,
the error's cause is not always obvious.
(The OS-9 Error utility will give you an
explanation, however.)

OS-9 can be run under the control of
Multi- Vue, a graphics shell. Multi- Vue
acts like a visual interface between the
user and OS-9. It offers some system
control and point-and-click program
selection. As an experienced user, I find
Multi- Vue limiting, but many novice
users think it makes the system easier to
use. To my knowledge, no similar inter-
face exists for Disk basic.

The Pros and Cons of OS-9

For the sake of discussion, let's categ-
orize CoCo users into three groups:
Group A uses the machine to play
games or run third-party software but
does no programming. Group B uses
the machine for games and other appli-
cations, but also programs — primarily
in interpreted basic. Group C includes
the heavy-duty users. They program in
various languages — including assem-
bly — and are familiar with the internal
mechanics of the computer.

This is an over-simplified but service-
able split. Group A users will notice no
difference between the user-friendliness
of OS-9 and Disk BASIC. In either case,
these users will just insert disks and
follow simple load and execute com-
mands.

Most rainbow readers would fall
into Group B. Such users should have
no problem with BASIC09 or OS-9 soft-
ware. There are a few difficulties with
OS-9 — learning how to properly load
modules, learning the commands, etc.
However, the speed the user gains may
make the system worthwhile.

Group C users will find OS-9 more
complex than Disk BASIC — there's
more to it. On the other hand, once
learned, OS-9 offers a number of bene-
fits to the more advanced programmer.
Because it is a true operating system, it
offers easy access to low-level services
such as legal-name checking, creating
directories, and reading/ writing to the
printer, screen, disk files, etc. These
functions are accessed with simple
system calls from assembly language or
from higher level languages. Moreover,
such calls will work on all future up-
grades of OS-9 and the CoCo. Ad-
vanced Disk basic programmers use
ROM calls for many of these services.
Of the disk-related ROM calls, only the
DSKCON call is documented. Any other

ROM call may or may not work on
Disk basic upgrades. This means to be
entirely safe the Disk basic assembly
programmer must "re-invent the wheel"
within each program. Such details as
printing to the screen and reading the
keyboard should be contained in each
program. This is tedious detail that
diverts the programmer's attention
from the more important parts of the
program.

On the CoCo, high-level languages
run more efficiently under OS-9 Level
II than under Disk basic. Tandy sells
a good C compiler (written by Micro-
ware, the authors of OS-9) that runs
under OS-9. C programs (source code)
tend to be quite portable — programs
written on the CoCo usually run on
other machines with little modification.

One disadvantage to the use of OS-
9 is that you give up some measure of
control of the machine. The OS-9 pro-
grammer must remember that other
programs may be running concurrently.
Certain restrictions apply to program-
ming techniques (using relative address-
ing in assembly language for instance).
Special tricks, such as writing to two
disks at once, cannot be done legally.
OS-9 is not a particularly good envi-
ronment for real-time action games
since a program's timing is under OS-
9's control rather than the pro-
grammer's. Timing may be affected by
other things happening concurrently.
There are ways of dealing with this, but
these tend to "hog" the machine, negat-
ing the advantages of OS-9.

The Utility of Multitasking

One of the most useful features of
OS-9 is multitasking. As I write this, I
have another copy of my word proces-
sor running in another window, display-
ing an outline of this article for refer-
ence. When responding to Delphi
forum messages, I often display pre-
downloaded messages in one window,
and compose my replies in another.
Also, while downloading a message
base from Delphi, rather than just
sitting there and waiting for the down-
load to complete (perhaps 10 minutes),
I do something in another window.
Often when running a program, I forget
what filename I wanted to use or some
other information I need. Rather than
exiting the program, I toggle to another
window to get the information. Rather
trivial uses of multitasking — but
convenient.

Some time ago, I wanted to do some
heavy-duty calculations involving gra-
phic displays of some mathematical

60 THE RAINBOW April 1989

patterns. These would typically take
hours to complete. Without multitask-
ing, I would be denied the use of my
machine for this time. As it was, I just
started the program, adjusted its prior-
ity down a little, and I went on to other
tasks. The graphics calculation pro-
gram proceeded automatically, a bit at
a time, whenever the computer wasn't
busy doing something else. OS-9 took
care of the scheduling automatically,
and I wasn't aware that the graphics
program was running.

The price of multitasking is surpris-
ingly small. I did some crude timing
tests that timed a simple program with
several shells (command interpreters)
running. So long as each of these was
idling (waiting for a key press), there
was virtually no measurable difference
in the speed of the program. OS-9 is
very efficient in this regard — when a
program isn't doing anything, it "goes
to sleep" and uses almost no CPU time.
Of course when more than one program
is really doing something, each will slow
down accordingly. (After all, you can't
get something for nothing.)

Some of the most popular MS-DOS
programs are TSR (Terminate-and-
Stay-Resident) utilities. MS-DOS users

consider these programs convenient.
All OS-9 programs have the ability to
work this way: Not only will they stay
resident, but they may also run concur-
rently. In addition, although many MS-
DOS TSR utilities have compatibility
problems, OS-9 works well in this mode
because it was designed with this ability.

OS-9 Abilities in Disk BASIC?

OS-9 is just software. Theoretically,
anything it does can be duplicated in
Disk BASIC. For instance, the OS-9
windowing environment could be re-
created under Disk basic. However,
almost no commercial software would
take advantage of it. In fact, many
programs would conflict with the win-
dows and crash the machine. Like
windows, multitasking is possible under
Disk BASIC, but it would be difficult,
limited and likely to crash the computer.
Disk BASIC is a closed standard system
that is difficult to modify. OS-9, on the
other hand, is an open, modular stand-
ard originally designed to be added to
and modified.

A standard software interface like
OS-9 gives the CoCo user a future. An
upgraded CoCo with different hard-
ware will be able to run current OS-9

software. Programmers can write in the
OS-9 environment and be confident
their programs will run on future
CoCos.

Summary

OS-9 is not more user-hostile than
Disk BASIC, but it is more capable —
hence more complex. However, when
comparing features both systems share,
neither seems more or less easy. Novice
users can do the same things with OS-
9 that are done with Disk BASIC — with
the same ease. In addition, as users grow
more capable, they can use OS-9 to
increase their use of the CoCo.

Disk BASIC is a very usable system
that is adequate for running one pro-
gram at a time. However, OS-9 is the
way to go for CoCo users who want to
get more from their machines. As the
base of OS-9 users increases, more
software vendors have the incentive to
enter the OS-9 market. This will benefit
us all. Of course, moving to OS-9
doesn't mean that you've given up Disk
BASIC — it will always be there for you.
However, if you're like me, once you get
used to OS-9 working with Disk BASIC
(or MS-DOS for that matter) is like
typing with boxing gloves. /R\

DYNAMIC STORAGE PRODUCTS

CoCo Drive 0 Complete: $159.95

CoCo Floppy Disk Controller (w/o ROM): $49.95

CoCo Floppy Disk Controller (w/ROM): $59.95

360k Bare Drive: $70.00

720k Bare Drive: $90.00

All Hard Drives Rated, 38ms or LESS!

Hard Drives coma w/ a Burke & Burke Compatible Controller Card

21 Meg Hard Drive: $339.00
32 Meg Hard Drive: $369.00
49 Meg Hard Drive: $469.00
67 Meg Hard Drive: $599.00
External Case & Power Supply (150 watt): $150.00

300/1200 Baud External Modem: $89.00
300/1200/2400 Baud External Modem: $129.00
Gravis Precision Joystick: $49.95

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TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
9AM-5PM
(503) 254-7225

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 61

************ COLOR COMPUTER III SOFTWARE *** *** *** ***

CBASIC III EDITOR/COMPILER

The ULTIMATE Color Computer III BASIC COMPILER!!!

If you want to write fast efficient machine language programs and you don't
want to spend the next few years trying to leam how to write them in Assembly
language or with a cheap compiler, then CBASIC III is the answer!!!

CBASIC III is the only fully integrated Basic Compiler and Program Editing
System available for the Color Computer 3. It will allow you to take full advantage
of all the capabilities available in your CoCo-3 including 512K RAM, without
having to spend years trying to leam assembly language programming. CBASIC
III allows you to create, edit and convert programs from a language you are
already familiar with Enhanced Disk Color Basic, into fast efficient machine
language programs easily and quickly. CBASIC III supports all the enhanced
hardware available in the CoCo-3, including Hi-Res Graphics, & Screen displays,
Extended Memory and Interrupts (Keyboard, Timer, Serial & Clock). We even
added advanced commands not available in Basic to give you a level of control
only avialable to very advanced Machine Language Programmers. Plus we made it
exceptionally easy to use, not like some other compilers. CBASIC III is the
friendliest and easiest compiler available for the Color Computer III.

CBASIC III is a powerful tool for the Beginner as well as the Advanced Basic
or Machine Language programmer You can write programs without having to
worry about the Stack, DP Register, memory allocations and so on, because
CBASIC III will handle it for you automatically. For Advanced users, CBASIC III
will let you control every aspect of your program, even generating machine code
directly in a program easily.

CBASIC III features well over 150 Compiled Basic Commands and Functions
that fully support Disk Sequential and Direct access files, Tape, Printer and
Screen I/O. It supports ALL the High and Low Resolution Graphics, Sound, Play
and String Operations available in Enhanced Color Basic, including Graphics
H/GET, H/Put, H/Play and H/DRAW, all with 99.9% syntax compatibility.
CBASIC III also supports the built in Serial I/O port with separate programmable
printer & serial I/O baud rates. You can send and receive data with easy to use
PRINT, INPUT, INKEY, GETCHAR and PUTCHAR commands.

CBASIC makes full use of the powerful and flexible GIMI chip in the Color
Computer 3. It will fully utilize the 128K of RAM available and install 2 Ultra
Fast Ramdisks if 512K is available, for program Creation, Editing and
Compilation. You can easily access all 5 12K of memory in a Compiled program
thru several extended memory commands that can access it in 32K or 8K blocks
and single or double bytes.

CBASIC has its own completely integrated Basic Program Editor which allows
you to load, edit or create programs for the compiler. It is a full featured editor
designed specifically for writing Basic programs. It has block move and copy,
program renumbering, automatic line number generation, screen editing, printer
control and much more.

The documentation provided with CBASIC III is an 8 1/2 by 11 Spiral Bound
book which contains approximatly 120 pages of real information. We went to
great lengths to provide a manual that is not only easy to use and understand, but
complete and comprehensive enough for even the most sophisticated user.

CBASIC III is the most expensive Color Basic Compiler on the market, and
well worth the investment. You can buy a less expensive compiler for your
CoCo-3, and then find out how difficult it is to use, or how limited its features are.
Then you v H wish you had bought CBASIC III in the first place. Dollar for dollar,
CBASIC III gives you more than any other compiler available. If you can find a
better CoCo-3 Basic Compiler then buy it!!!

Requires 128K & Disk $149.00

DATAPACK III PLUS V1.1

SUPER SMART TERMINAL PROGRAM

AUTOPILOT & AUTO-LOG PROCESSORS
X-MODEM DIRECT DISK FILE TRANSFER
VT-100 & VT-52 TERMINAL EMULATION

• No lost data even at 2400 Baud on the COCO-3 Serial I/O port.

• 8 Display Formats, 32/40/64/80 columns at 192 or 225 Res.

• 50K Text Buffer when using the Hi-Res Text Display & Disk.

• ASCII & BINARY disk file transfer support via XMODEM.

• Directly record receive data to a disk file (Data Logging).

• VT-100 terminal emulation for VAX, UNIX and other systems.

• VT-100/52 cursor keys, position, insert/delete, PF & Alt. keys.

• Programmable Word Length, Parity, Stop Bits and baud rates.

• Complete Full and Half Duplex operation, with no garbled data.

• 9 Variable length, Programmable Macro Key buffers.

• Programmable Printer rates from 110 to 9600 baud.

• Send Files directly from the Buffer, Macro Keys or Disk.

• Display on Screen or Print the contents of the Buffer.

• Freeze Display & Review information On Line with no data loss.

• Built in Command Menu (Help) Display.

• Built in 2 Drive Ramdisk for 512K RAM support and much more.
Supports: R.S. Modem- Pak & Deluxe RS-232 Pak, even with Disk.

Requires 128K & Disk, $59.95

EDT/ASM III

128/512K DISK EDITOR ASSEMBLER

EDT/ASM III is a Disk based co-resident Text Editor & Assembler. It is
designed to take advantage of the new features available in the CoCo-3 with either
128K or 512K of memory. It has 8 display formats from 32/40/64/80 columns by 24
lines in 192 or 225 Resolution, so you use the best display mode whether you are
using an RGB or Composite monitor or even a TV for your display. Plus you can
select any foreground or background colors or even monochrome display modes.
It will even support 512K by adding an automatic 2 drive Ultra Fast Ramdisk for
lightning fast assembly of program source code larger than memory. There is also
a free standing ML Debug Monitor, to help you debug your assembled programs.
EDT/ASM III has the most powerful, easy to use Text Editor available in any
Editor/Assembler package for the Color Computer.

• Supports Local and Global string search and/or replace.

• Full Screen line editing with immediate line update.

• Easy to use Single keystroke editing commands.

• Load & Save standard ASCII formatted file formats.

• Block Move & Copy, Insert, Delete, Overtype.

• Create and Edit files larger than memory.

The Assembler portion of EDT/ASM III features include:

• Supports the full 6809 instruction set & cross assembles 6800 code.

• Supports Conditional IF/THEN/ELSE assembly.

• Supports Disk Library file (include) up to 9 levels deep.

• Supports standard Motorola assembler directives.

" Allows multiple values for FCB & FDB directives (unlike R.S. EDT/ASM)

• Allows assembly from the Editor Buffer, Disk or both.

Requires 128K & Disk $59.95

TEXTPRO IV

"The ADVANCED COCO-3 Word Processing System"

• 9 Hi-Res Displays from 58 to 212 columns by 24 lines in 225 Res.

• On Screen Display of Bold, Italic, Underline & Double Width print.

• Up to 8 Proportional Character Sets Supported with Justification.

• Up to 80 Programmable Function Keys & Loadable Function key sets.

• Fully Buffered keyboard accepts data even duiring disk access.

• Autoexecute Startup files for easy printer & system configuration.

• 8 Pre-Defined Printer function commands & 10 Programmable ones.

• Supports Library files for unlimited printing & configurations.

• Disk file record access for Mail Merge & Boiler Plate printing.

• Completely Automatic Justification, Centering, Flush left & right.
" Change indents, margins, line length, etc. anytime in the text.

• Create and Edit files larger than memory, up to a full disk.

• Easily imbed any number of printer format and control codes.

• Built in Ultra Fast 2 drive RAMDISK for 5 12K support.

TEXTPRO IV is the most advanced word processing system available for the
COCO-3, designed for speed, flexability and extensive document processing. It is
not like most of the other word processing programs available for the Color
Computer. If you are looking for a simple word processor to write letters or other
short documents, and never expect to use multiple fonts or proportional spacing,
then most likely you'll be better offwithoneof the other simpler word processors.
But, if you want a powerful word processor with extensive document formatting
features to handle large documents, term papers, manuals, complex formatting
problems and letter writing, then TEXTPRO IV is what your looking for. It works
in a totally different way than most word processing programs. It uses simple 2
character abbreviations of words or phrases for commands and formatting
information that you imbed directly in your text. There are over 70 different
formatting commands you can use without ever leaving the text your working on.
There are no time comsuming, and often frustrating menu chases, you are in total
control at all times. You can see what the formatted document will look like
before a single word is ever printed on your printer. Including margins, headers,
footers, page numbers, page breaks, column formatting, justification, and Bold,
Italic, Underline, Double Width, Superscript and Subscript characters right on the
screen.

TEXTPRO IV can even support LASER PRINTERS with proportional fonts.
take a good look at this AD? It was done with TEXTPRO IV on an OKJDATA
LASERLINE-6 laser printer!!! All the character sets used on this AD are
proportional spaced characters, all centering, justification, and text printing was
performed automatically by TEXTPRO IV.

Requires 128K & Disk $89.95

HI- RES III Screen Commander

The DISPLAY you wanted but didn't get on your CoCo-3

• 54 Different Character Sizes available from 14 to 212 cpl.

• Bold, Italic, Underline, Subscript, Superscript and Plain character styles.

• Double Width, Double Height and Quad width characters.

• Scroll Protect form 1 to 23 lines on the screen.

• Mixed Text & Graphics in HSCREEN 3 mode.

• PRINT @ is available in all character sizes & styles.

• Programmable Automatic Key repeat for fast editing.

• Full Control Code Keyboard supported.

" Selectable Character & Background color.

• Uses only 4K of Extended (2nd 64K) or Basic RAM.

• Written in Ultra Fast Machine Language.

HI-RES III will improve the standard display capabilities of the Color
Computer 3, even the 40 and 80 column displays have several features missing.
For example, you can't use PRINT @ or have different character sizes on the same
screen, even when mixing text and graphics with the HPRINT command. Hi-RES
III can give you the kind of display you always dreamed about having on your
CoCo-3, with a wide variety of display options that you can easily use with your
Basic or ML programs.

HI-RES III is totally compatible with Enhanced Color Basic and its operation
is invisible to Basic. It simply replaces the normal screen display with an
extremely versatile display package. With the full control code keyboard, you can
control many of HI-RES III extended functions with just a couple of simple
keystrokes.

Requires 128K Tape or Disk $34.95

512K RAMDISK & MEMORY TESTER

RAMDISK is an ALL Machine Language program that will give you 2 ULTRA
High Speed Ram Disks in you CoCo-3. It does not need or require the OS-9
operating system. It works with R.S. DOS Vl'.O or VI. 1 and it is completely
compatible with Enhanced Color Disk Basic! Plus it allows your CoCo-3 to run at
double speed all the time even for floppy disk access!!! It will not disappear when
you press reset like some other ramdisk programs. The MEMORY tester is a fast
ML program to test the 512K ram. It performs several bit tests as well as an
address test so you know that your 512K of memory is working perfectly.

Requires 512K & Disk $19.95

The SOURCE III"

DISASSEMBLER & SOURCE CODE GENERATOR

The SOURCE III will allow you to easily Disassemble Color Computer
machine language programs Directly from Disk and generate beautiful, Assembler
compatible Source code.

• Automatic label generation and allows specifying FCB, FDB and FCC areas.

• Disassemble programs Directly from disk, unlike other disassemblers.

• Automatically locates Begin, End and Execution address.

• Output Disassembled listing with labels to the Printer, Screen or both.

• Generates Assembler source files directly to disk or printer.

• Built in Hex/Ascii dump/display to locate FCB, FCC & FDB areas.
" 8 Selectable Display formats 32/40/64/80 columns in 192 or 225 Res.

• Selectable Foreground & Background colors & Printer Baud rates.

• Built in Disk Directory an Kill file commands.

• Menu display with single key commands for smooth, Easy operation.
" Written in Ultra Fast Machine Language.

Requires 128K & Disk $49.95

To order products by mail, send check or money order for the amount of

purchase, plus $3.00 for shipping & handling to the address below.
To Order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD call us at (702) 452-0632
(Monday thru Saturday, 8am to 5pm PST)

CER-COMP LTD.

5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89110

(702) 452-0632

"14

ndow

ter"

leleie Key
lisplay Keys

I 2

I 3

BUTTON
OPEN 255,7

Window Master Features

0NHENU1 BAS
CONFIG BAS
CHECK BAS
AUTOEXEC BAS
CONFIG SYS

DRIVE

6 B

B
B
B
A

1 A i

DRIVE 3

14 i ndow
F i nder

Master

VI . e

Sir £t ten by Bill Vera on a
Copyright <c> 1388 by Cor-Comp Ltd

Multiple Windows

Window Master supports multiple window displays with up to
a maximum of 31 windows on the screen. Overlapping windows
are supported, and any window can be made active or brought to
the top of the screen. Windows can be picked up and moved
anywhere on the screen with the mouse. There are 6 different
Window styles to choose from and the window text, border and
background color is selectable.

Pull Down Menus

Screen Display Fonts

Window Master supports up to 54 different character sizes on
the screen with 5 different character styles. You can have Bold,
Italic, Underlined, Super-Script, Sub-script or Plain character
styles or any combination of them in any character size. You
can also change the text color and background at any time to get
really colorful displays.

Fully Basic Compatible

Window Master is fully compatible with Enhanced Color
Disk basic with over 50 Commands & functions added to fully
support the Point & Click Window System. Window Master
does not take any memory away from Basic, so you still have all
the Basic Program memory available.

Hi-Resolution Displays

Window Master uses the full potential of the Color
Computer 3 display by using the 225 vertical resolution display
modes instead of the 192 or 200 resolution modes like most
other programs. It uses either the 320/16 color mode or the
640/4 color display to give you the best display resolution
possible, and can be switched to either mode at any time.

Mixed Text & Graphics

Window Master fully supports both Text & Graphics displays
and even has a Graphics Pen that can be used with HLINE,
HCIRCLE, HSET and more. You can change the Pen width &
depth and turn it on or off with simple commands. We also
added Enhanced Graphics Attributes that allow graphics
statements to use And, Or, Xor and Copy modes to display
graphic information. With the Graphics enhancements added
by Window Master, you could write a "COCOMAX" type
program in Basic! In fact we provide a small graphics demo
program written in Basic.

Event Processing

Window Master adds a powerful new programming feature to
Basic that enables you to do "Real Time" Programming in Basic.
It's called Event Trapping, and it allows a program to detect and
respond to certain "events" as they occur. You can trap Dialog
activity, Time passage, Menu Selections, Keyboard activity and
Mouse Activity with simple On Gosub statements, and when the
specified event occurs, program control is automatically routed
to the event handling routine, just like a Basic Gosub. After
servicing the event, the sub-routine executes a Return statement
and the program resumes execution at the statement where the
event occured.

Enhanced Editing Features

Window Master adds an enhanced editor to Basic that allows
you to see what you edit. It allows you to insert & delete by
character or word, move left or right a word or character at a
time, move to begin or end of line, toggle automatic insert
on/off or just type over to replace characters. The editor can
also recall the last line entered or edited with a single key stroke.
You can even change the line number in line to copy it to a new
location in the program.

Disk contains
128K & 512K

version
of program.

Menus are completely programmable with up to 16 menus
available. They can be added or deleted at any time in a
program. Menu items can be enabled, disabled, checked or
cleared easily under program control. Menu selection is
automatically handled by Window Master & all you have to do
is read a function variable to find out which menu was selected.

Buttons, Icons & Edit Fields

Each Window can have up to 128 buttons, Icons or Edit fields
active, if you can fit that many. Buttons, Icons and Edit field
selection is handled automatically by Window Master when the
mouse is clicked on one. All you have to do is read a Dialog
function to find out which Button, Icon, or Edit field was
selected, its very simple.

Mouse & Keyboard Functions

Window Master automatically handles the Mouse pointer
movement, display and button clicks. It will tell you the current
screen coordinate, the local window coordinate, window number
the mouse is in, the number of times the button was pressed,
which window number it was clicked in and more. The
Keyboard is completely buffered, and supports up to 80
programmable Function keys that can contain any kind of
information or command sequences you can imagine. You can
load and save function key sets at any time. So, you can have
special sets of function keys for different tasks. The "Ctrl" key is
supported so that you have a full control code keyboard
available.

Window Master Applications

Window Master pushs the Color Computer 3 far beyond its
normal capabilities, into the world of a "User Friendly"
operating enviornment. We are already planning several new
programs for use with Window Master. So you don't have to
worry about having to write all your own programs. And don't
forget that many existing Basic and M.L. programs will run
under Window Master with little or no changes. The
Possibilities for Application programs are endless: Spread
Sheets, Word Processing, Communications, Education, Games,
Graphic Design, Desk Top Publishing and on and on.

Hardware Requirements

Window Master requires 512K of memory, at least 1 Disk
Drive, a Hi-Res Joystick Interface and a Mouse or Joystick.

Technical Assistance

If you run into difficulty trying to use some of Window
Master's features, we will be happy to assist you in any way
possible. You can write to us at the address below or call us
between 10am and 2pm Pacific Standard Time for a more timely
response. Sorry, no collect calls will be accepted.

Ordering Information

To order WINDOW MASTER by mail, send check or money

order for $69.95, plus $3.00 for shipping & handling to the
address below. To order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD

call us at (702)^52-0632
(Monday thru Saturday, 8am to 5pm PST)

CER-COMP Ltd.

5566 R icochet Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89110
(702)-452-0632

I BAS I C Trai nir^

Animation is fun to watch and create.
This tutorial is an overview of simple
animation techniques using GET and
PUT. It does not attempt to get into the
nitty-gritty of creating program lines
but introduces you to the world of
CoCo graphics and provides you with
the basic knowledge to create your own
cartoon.

Let's get started by typing in the
listing. First of all, turn down the sound
on your computer and notice the effect
it has on the screen's action. It looks
slower (notice the free-fall) even though
it is actually not. Sound enhances
animation by helping the action to flow.
Notice also that after the air-burst
explodes, the bird, plane and ejected egg
appear to move simultaneously. Simul-
taneous action heightens the illusion of
motion.

In the last frame only half of the bird
is formed to enhance its smooth move-
ment off the screen. The bird continues
down after it releases the egg, then up
and away. The egg arcs forward, and
each time there is greater distance
between eggs from frame to frame.

This all sounds trivial but small
enhancements make the final product.
Experiment to develop something
uniquely your own.

I've created several birds and a plane
drawn, dimensioned and stored in GET
lines. To see these, press BREAK. Add
( :5CREENl,l)to Line 10, and enter Line
60 as 60 GOTO 60. Now run the program.

There are five bird attitudes, two
having a shortened wing to add a
heightened sense of wheeling. Egg and
plane are self-evident. The x is PRESET
to make the ejected material different
from the bomb. The clustered area in
the corner demonstrates that the picture
elements can be drawn in an area over
which the animation evolves without
disrupting the display. The bird dips and
releases the egg in the cluttered area.

Restore Line 10 to its original state.
Also delete Line 60 by typing DEL60.
You may have already notice the sim-
ilarity between this system and the one
used in the GET-PUT tutorial.

S4C1 is the default mode for size and
color.

The stationary house is drawn di-

Florida-based Joseph Kolar is a veter-
an writer and programmer who special-
izes in introducing beginners to the
powers of the Color Computer.

Computer animation
takes flight

Count Your
Eggs Before
They Drop

By Joseph Kolar

Rainbow Contributing Editor

rectly at Line 90. Line 50 uses a CIRCLE-
PRINT combo to store the egg. Line 30,
the DIM line, is reduced to single arrays
with a value of 2.

Note DIM C(2). There is a DRAW LINE
52 creating nothing at (10,10), but
there is no GET statement to store any-
thing. Nevertheless, using Variable C in
the PUT statements erases what we want
to get rid of.

Let's investigate. The first instance of
using C is in Line 115. Type EDIT115
then press X to extend the line. Press the
left arrow until the cursor is under the
S in PSET. Type RESET and press ENTER.
Then run the program. By changing
PSET to PRESET, we change the color to
0. The backgound is in the 2-color mode
in PMODE 4.

See the wipe-out area? How big is it?
It is the same size area called for in Line
51, which immediately precedes our
questionable nothing line.

We told CoCo in Line 1 15 to put the
background overlay at locations
(12,12) to (24, IB). Masking Line 52
proves we don't need it. What would
happen if we yanked DIM C(2) or low-
ered the value to C ( l ) ? FC Error in 1 1 5
would appear on the screen, that's what!
So we must dimension C.

As long as we dimension C large
enough, the PUT coordinates will deter-
mine the size. Doubling the coordinates
to 24-by-12 zonks it out. As long as the
dimensioned value is large enough,
(single array mode), the "nothing" value

16K ECB

must be assigned a variable and dimen-
sion. If no DRRW line is used, the previous
stored value is used. PUT uses the coor-
dinates that include an area equal in size
to what it can handle. The two-array
DIM can be set to a specifically sized area
to be erased by entering I.E. at

C(12,6).

In the next tutorial another way to
erase will be discussed.

Observe the plane explosion while
turning up the sound. After the last
plane frame, the egg appears. A slight
pause is used so the impact is distinct.
Line 400 initiates a small circle expand-
ing within the FDR/NEXT loop to indicate
the initial stage of the explosion with a
discordant sound. Following is a larger
CIRCLE routine at Line 500, simulating
an image of a blasted plane.

You don't need to erase this bit of
activity because the action phase of the
program is terminated at Line 1000 and
returned to Line 80. The PCLS in Line
80 does double duty, erasing the explo-
sion and wiping out the scene to be
recycled.

Notice the air-burst over the farm
complex. The GOSUB routine begins at
Line 2000 with the outer rings giving
depth to the explosion. The egg accel-
erates by widening the distance between
the objects from frame to frame. For
added impact it travels a short distance
to strike the target plane.

Because Line 1 reads GD5UB5000, we
know the title page was formed after all
the artwork was completed. Entering
POKE 359,60 puts one letter of text at a
time onto the screen, making it look
more polished. Entering EXEC 44539
allows you to press any key to continue.
Press ENTER.

Entering P0KE359 restores normal
speed. The reason is that if POKE 359,60
is in force and you press BREAK, the
program gets hung up, requiring you to
press the reset button to correct it. And,
also, if you are deeply engaged in
working on the program and you enter
LIST, the listing appears one letter at a
time. This is of value when reading a
listing but frustrating when you are
eager to make program changes. You
can delete both pokes, but it takes away
some of the picture's flair. (Note: Delete
POKE 359 , 60 in Line 5000 to run the title
screen on a CoCo 3.)

The listing is straightforward and
easy to understand. You may want to
research what Lines 50 to 58 consist of

64 THE RAINBOW April 1989

Make Signs, Banners, and Greeting Cards!

SQUARE
DANCE

5 7PM

;h M ^hool

The Coco Graphics Designer Plus $29.95

Super easy-to-
use point and
click graphical
interface, fea-
tures windows,
scroll bars, radio
buttons, and joy-
stick or mouse
control.

Max Compatible

Zebra's Picture disks 2, 3,
and 4 include a simple for-
mat conversion utility
making them easy to use
with Colorware's MAX-10,
CoCo MAX II and III.

The CoCo Graphics Designer Plus (CGDP) is CoCo 2 and
3 Compatible. It allows pictures, and text in up to 4 sizes
and 16 fonts, per page or banner. The cards & signs fea-
ture hi-resolution borders and complete on-screen pre-
views. The CGDP comes with 16 borders, 5 fonts, and 32
pictures. It's 100% machine language for fast execution.

Printer Support Radio Shack DMP105, 106, 110,120, 130, 132, 200, 400, 420, 430,
440, 500, Epson FX/RX/LX/EX/LQ, Gemini 10X, Star SG10, NX10, NX1000, Panasonic
KXP1080, 1090, 1091, 1092, Prowriter, C. itoh 8510 & more., Call for complete list.

Requirements: 64K CoCo ll or III, disk drive with RSDOS, mouse or joystick.

In addition to the font, border, and picture collections that come with the CoCo Graph-
ics Designer Plus, the following optional disks are available for $14.95 each.

Border Disk #1 Contains 176 High resolution borders, great variety from simple to ornate.
Font Disk A 10 Fonts: Western, Stencil, Banner, Shadow, Variety, Type, Stripes, Digital, Bold3, Object
Font Disk B 10 Fonts: Arcade, Circle, Alien, Cube, Baroque, Deco, Block, Gray, Computer, Script
Picture Disk #2 4 sets of 30 pictures each: Sports, America, Party, Office, Total 120 pictures.
Picture Disk #3 4 sets of 30 pictures each: Animals, Nature, Religion, Travel, Total 120 pictures.
Picture Disk #4 120 holiday pictures: Christmas, Thanksgiving, New Year's, Easter, Halloween, etc.

Disk
Controller

Zebra's disk controllers feature Gold
Plated Edge Cards, Dual Selectable
ROM sockets, 120 Day Warranty.

Zebra Disk Controller

Completed and tested controller with Radio
Shack Disk ROM and manual

Radio Shack Disk 1.1 ROM
Drive 0 System Complete
Drive 1 Add-on
2 Drive System Complete

$ 99.00

$ 24.95
$209.00
$139.95
$319.00

All drives are new half height DSDD fast step.
Less expensive drives also available, please call.

Zebra E-x-p-a-n-d-s

Zebra now sells quality products from many CoCo vendors including:

Elite Software • Federal Hill • Michtron
Spectro Systems • Sundog • Game Point ■
Avatex Modems • Star Micronics Printers I
■ Metric Industries Interfaces • Magnavox Montiors I

We plan to introduce exciting new Zebra designed software and hard-
ware products at the April Rainbowfest in Chicago. Visit our booth!

r Call, or mail us your address for a copy of our FREE CoCo Catalog!" 1

Namp I

Name_
I Address.

I
I

City.

State

Zip.

have (Please circle what you have.): Rainbow Subscription Y N
CoCo 1 2 3, Disk drives. 0 1 2 more, Display B&W Color

Woodhaven is located in the borough of Queens in New York City, just
30 minutes from Manhattan and 15 minutes from LaGuardia & Kenne-
dy Airports. Stop by our store Monday through Friday 9-5.

Ordering Instructions: All orders add $3.00 Shipping & Handling. UPS COD add $3.00. VISA/MC Accepted. NY residents add sales tax.

Zebra Systems, Inc., 78-06 Jamaica Ave., Woodhaven, NY 11421 (718) 296-2385

The Rainbow Bookshelf

Fill out your
with these

The Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9

Authors Dale Puckett and Peter Dibble show how to take
advantage of OS-9's multitasking and multiuser features. An easy-
to-read, step-by-step guide packed with hints, tips, tutorials and free
software in the form of program listings.
Book $19.95, Disk Package $31 (2 disks, book not included)

The Rainbow Book of Simulations 1 |i

20 award-winning entries from THE RAINBOW'S first Simulations
contest. You are a Civil War Commander, an air traffic controller,
a civil defense coordinator, or a scientist on Mars j . . your wits are
on the line.

Book $9.95, Tape $9.95

The Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9 Level II
Vol. I: A Beginners Guide to Windows

Puckett and Dibble have done it again! They uncover the
mysteries of the new windowing environment and demonstrate
clever new applications. More hints, tips and plenty of program
listings. Book $19.95, Disk $19.95

The Rainbow Introductory Guide to Statistics

Dr. Michael Plog and Dr. Norman Stenzel give a solid introduction
to the realm of statistical processes and thinking for both the
beginner and the professional. (80-column printer required.)
Book $6.95, Tape or Disk $5.95, Package $11.95

The First Rainbow Book of Adventures

Contains 14 winning programs from our first Adventure contest.
Includes Sir Randolph of the Moors, Horror House, One Room, Dr.
Avaloe and more. Plus hints, tips on solving Adventures.
Book $3.50, Tape $3.50

The Second Rainbow Book of Adventures

Featuring 24 of the most challenging Adventure games ever
compiled. Meet the Beatles and battle the Blue Meanies, find a
hidden fortune, or win the heart of a mysterious princess. Ring
Quest, Secret Agent Man, Dark Castle, Curse of Karos and more!
Book $13.95, Tape $13.95

The Third Rainbow Book of Adventures

The excitement continues with 19 new Adventures. Discover
backstage Intrigue at the London Theatre, attempt a daring space
rescue, or defeat evil in the year 2091 as a genetic android. Evil
Crypt, Spymaster, Time Machine, The Amulet, and that's only the
beginning! Book $1 1.95, Tape $9.95, Two-Disk Set $14.95

The Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures

Fourteen fascinating new Adventures from the winners of our
fourth Adventure competition. Rely on your wits to escape a hostile
military installation, try to stop the Nazi plan to invade Great Britain,
manage to reinstate our defense system before the enemy launches
a massive missile attack, and more!
Book $10.95, Tape $9.95, Two- Disk Set $14.95

The Second Rainbow Book of Simulations

The 16 winners from our second Simulations contest. Fly through
dense African jungle, bull your way down Wall Street, lead a bomb
squad, or try your hand at Olympic events. Test your skills and
talents. Book $9.95, Tape $9.95, Disk $10.95

r
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| City
I State

/ want to start my own Rainbow Bookshelf!

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Address

ZIP

■j □ Payment Enclosed, or □ Charge to:
I □ VISA □ MasterCard □ American Express

I Account Number

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| Signature

Please send me:

□ The Rainbow Book of Simulations

I □ Rainbow Simulations Tape

□ The Second Rainbow Book of Simulations

□ Second Rainbow Simulations Tape
I □ Second Rainbow Simulations Disk

□ The Complete Rainbow Guide to 0S-9 (book only)

£t "ft *

□ Rainbow Guide to OS-9 Disk Package (2 disks)

□ The Windows & Applications Disk for

The Complete Rainbow Guide to 0S-9 Level II, Vol. I

□ The Rainbow Book of Adventures (first)

□ Rainbow Adventures Tape (first)

□ The Second Rainbow Book of Adventures

□ Second Rainbow Adventures Tape

□ The Third Rainbow Book of Adventures

□ Third Adventures Tape

□ Third Adventures Disk Set (2 disks)

□ The Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures

□ Fourth Adventures Tape

□ Fourth Adventures Disk Set (2 disks)

□ introductory Guide to Statistics

□ Guide to Statistics Tape or Disk (indicate choice)

□ Guide to Statistics Package (indicate choice of tape or disk)
'Add $2 per book Shipping and Handling in U.S.
'Outside U.S., add $4 per book

'Kentucky residents add 5% sales tax

(Allow 6 to 8 weeks for delivery) Total

$ 9.95 .
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$11.95

j Mail to: Rainbow Bookshelf, The Falsoft Building, P.O. Box 385,
I Prospect, KY 40059

I To order by phone (credit card orders only) call (800)847-
I 0309, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. For other inquiries call (502)
j 228-4492.

I Please note: The tapes and disks offered by The Rainbow Bookshelf are not stand-alone products.
| That is, they are intended to be an adjunct and complement to the books. Even if you buy the tape
j or disk, you will still need the appropriate book. OS-9® is a registered trademark of the Microware
I Systems Corporation.

Use our 800 number!

For credit card orders, you may want to phone in your subscription. Our

credit card order number is (800) 847-0309, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. All other

inquiries please call (502) 228-4492.

We accept VISA, MasterCard and American Express.

Subscriptions to the rainbow are $31 a year in the United States. Canadian

rate is $38 (U.S. funds only). Surface rate elsewhere is $68 (U.S.). Airmail

is $103 (U.S.). All subscriptions begin with the current issue. Please allow

6 to 8 weeks for the first copy. Kentucky residents add 5% sales tax.

In order to hold down non-editorial costs, we do not bill.

Send Me Rainbow Magazine!

Which Tandy Color Computer do you use? □ CoCo 1 □ CoCo 2 □ CoCo 3

Here's your chance to have a Pot O' Gold full of programs, articles and information about
CoCo every month of the year!

As the premier magazine for the Tandy Color Computer, THE RAINBOW has more of
everything — and greater variety, too. Do yourself and your CoCo a favor and subscribe to
THE RAINBOW today!

YES! Sign me up for a year (12 issues) of THE RAINBOW.

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Subscriptions to rainbow on tape are $80 a year in the United States, $90 (U.S.
funds) in Canada and $105 (U.S.) in all other countries.

rainbow on disk is $99 a year in the United States, $115 (U.S.) in Canada and $130
(U.S.) in all other countries.

Individual issues of rainbow on tape are $10 in the U.S., $1 2 (U.S.) in Canada and
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add 5% sales tax.

rainbow on tape and rainbow on disk are not stand-alone products; you need the
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CD
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The B«99e st
The Best
The indispensable

The

THE COLOR COMPUTER A40NWyV1>V^Z^

THE RAINBOW is the biggest, best, brightest and
most comprehensive publication a happy CoCo
ever had! THE RAINBOW features more programs,
more information and more in-depth treatment of
the Tandy Color Computer than any other source.

A monthly issue contains nearly 200 pages and
up to two dozen programs, 14 regular columns and
as many as 12 new product reviews. And advertise-
ments: THE RAINBOW is known as the medium for
advertisers — which means every month it has a
wealth of information unavailable anywhere else
about new products! Hundreds of programs are
advertised in its pages each month.

Every single issue of THE RAINBOW covers the
wide spectrum of interests in the Tandy Color
Computer — from beginners' tutorials and arcade
games to telecommunications and business and
finance programs. Helpful utilities and do-it-
yourself hardware projects make it easy and fun to
expand your CoCo's capabilities. And, monthly
reviews by independent reader reviewers take the
guesswork out of buying new software and hard-
ware products.

Join the tens of thousands who have found THE
RAINBOW to be an absolute necessity for their
CoCo. With all this going for it, is it surprising that
more than 90 percent of THE RAINBOW subscrib-
ers renew their subscriptions? We're willing to bet
that, a year from now, you'll be doing the same.

Rainbow On Tape

& Rainbow On Disk!

— great ways to bring THE RAINBOW into your life.
Each month, all you do is pop the tape into your
cassette player or the disk into your drive. No more
lost weekends. As soon as you read an article about
a program in THE RAINBOW, it's ready to load and
run. No work. No wait.

Just think how your software library will grow.
With your first year's subscription, you'll get almost
250 new programs; games, utilities, business
programs, home applications. And, with RAINBOW
ON DISK, you'll also get all the OS-9 programs.

RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAINBOW ON DISK —
they're the "meat" of THE RAINBOW at a price that's
"small potatoes." And now you even have a choice
about how it should be served up to you.

To get your first heaping helping, just fill out and
return the attached reply card. No postage neces-
sary.

and put an explanatory remark after
each GET in lines 70 to 79 so you will
know what each PUT line is doing.
Manipulate the lines' coordinates and
keep altering them until you get a
location that pleases you. I call this free-
hand programming. You initially locate
an object, check it, change and/ or
relocate, check it again, and when
satisfied with the frame, move on to the
next. Don't erase the old form but leave
it on the screen, even if it distorts a
previously set frame. It is much easier
to work out movement paths with tell-
tale tracks of the objects on the screen.
Mask the first six C PUT lines. Run

lines 115, 116, 135, 136, 155 and 156.
Now, mask lines 175, 176, 195 and 196
and run the program. The bird distorts
frames that it overrides. If the birds in
each frame are too far apart, they won't
overlap and you lose the birds' slower
action as they change direction. Instead,
the action is stiff and unrealistic.

Be sure to read the next tutorial for
some new ideas. Chances are you will
make more elegant birds than this artist.

Here's a final idea to keep you going.
Re-enter the following line:

53 DRRW"BM13,10M+3,2F2M+1,2M+1,
-2E2M+3,-2"

Practice using the M option com-
mands. Use the same-sized canvas for
all the objects — 12-by-6 on graph
paper. Plot the picture and box it in. Go
over it in red. Then, in black, make the
bird you displaced by entering F6E6.
Your new bird in Line 53 has a more
gentle and natural curve. Add Line 161
by entering goto 161. Then run the
program. Looks better doesn't it? Plot
lines 51, 54, 55, 56 and 57, the half-bird,
onto graph paper, making them bend
gently. When you get something nice,
try it out on your program and replace
the old birds with your new and im-
proved ones. □

The Listing: BIGBIRD

DRAWBM0, 10 "

DRAW"BM13,10F6E6"

j3 ' <BIGBIRD>

DRAW"BM0,20F6R6"

DRAW"BM0,30R6F6"

lj3 PMODE4 , 1 : PCLS

DRAW" BM2 4 , 2 4 F6BU6G6 "

30 DIM A(2), B(2), C(2) , D(2), E

DRAW"BM30,3E3BR6F3"

(2), F(2), H(2), J(2), K(2)

DRAW"BM50,50 BD5R14BL5G2H2E2U

50 CIRCLE (3,3) ,3,3 : PAINT (3,3) ,1,

NUNRNLBDF2 "

1 ■'■"'"^ '

GET (0,0) -(12, 6) , A, G

51 DRAW"BM13,0BD6E6F6"

GET(13,0)-(25,6) ,B,G

If you write checks, use credit cards, have a bank account or pay taxes, then....

You Need CoCo- Accountant III

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Now we've made it even better, with a brand new CoCo-
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CoCo-Accountant III answers the big three ques-
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CoCo-Accountant III doesn't require any knowledge
of accounting. It's a single-entry system that thinks the
way you do. Just set up a list of accounts and start
entering your transactions. Checks, credit cards, cash
receipts, payroll stubs, electronic fund transfers, whatever.
You toss it in and CoCo-Accountant sorts it out. Here's
what CoCo-Accountant does:

• Lists and totals all transactions for any calendar
period.

• Lists and totals transactions by account, payee or
income source for any calendar period.

• Instant account and monthly summaries with net cash
flow.

•Tracks, lists and totals
deductible expenses .
• Tracks uncleared checks
and balances your check-
book. Makes that monthly chore a breeze!
• Produces a printed spreadsheet showing transactions by
month and account for the whole year! Seeing this one is
believing.

CoCo-Accountant III stores up to 2,000 transactions and 72
accounts (depending on disk space). Almost every feature has
been improved. It will run on any CoCo 3 with a disk drive. And
best yet, it's only $39.95.

You say you donl have a CoCo 3? You can still order our
best-selling CoCo-Accountant li with many of these features for
only $34.95.

Join our list of satisfied customers who say CoCo-
Accountant is the most useful program they own! Send check,
money order or VISA/MasterCard information to the address
below, or call our handy, toll-free order line.

Federal Hill Software
8134 Scotts Level Road
Baltimore, Md. 21208
301-521-4886
Toll-free Orders 800-628-2828 Ext. 850

NEW for the CoCo 3

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 67

72 GET(0,20)-(12,26) ,E,G

73 GET(0,30)-fl2,36) ,F,G

74 GET(13,10)-(25,16) ,D,G

75 GET (24, 24) -(30/3^) ,H,G

78 GET(50,50)-(64,56) ,J,G

79 GET(30,0) -(42,3) ,K,G

80 PCLS : SCREEN1 , 1

90 DRAW"BM40 , 191U10R4D6R6U2R2D4R
6U8R2D8R4U4R6D2R2D4"

91 PAINT (42, 189) ,1,1

PUT (12 , 12 ) -

(24 , 18) , E,

p PSET

lip

PUT (12 , 2p) -

(24,26) / A i

f PSET

111

GOSUB3j3pp

115

PUT (12 , 12) -

(24/ 18) ,

r PSET

116

PUT (12 , 2,0) -

(24,26) , C,

r PSET

12p

PUT (14 ., 18) -

(26,24) >Bi

f PSET

13)3

PUT ( 14 / 3p )

(26,36), Aj

r PSET

13 1

GOoUdJPPP

FU 1 ( 14 r lo ) —

(26,24) ,0,

136

PUT (14/ 3p) ^

(2 6 , 36) f C i

r PSET

1 A ft

14 p

PUT (18 , 2 4 )

' f ft ft V O

(3p,3p) ,3,

r PSET

lop

PUT ( lo , 42 ) —

(3j5, 48) , Aj

r PSET

151

GOSuBj ppp

ICC

loo

FU 1 ( lo , ^ 4 J ~

(3)3, 3p) , C 1

r rbilX

156

PUT ( 18 , 42 ) r

(30,48) ,C (

t> 0 Tim

r PSET

16)3

PUT ( 2 4 , 24 ) —

(36 , 30) ^D,

r PSbl

PTTT f 9 9 R A ^ —

171

GOSUB3000

175

PUT f 24 . 24

f 3 6 . 3 0 ^ iC,

, PSET

17 6

PUT (22 5 4 \ -

PSET

PTTT 7 7 0 9 \ —

y a 9 ^ 9 v n

PTTT f 9 8 7 01 \ —

ijwoud j ppp

/ 4 9 ^ 9 V P

1 OK
1? O

PTTT f 1 01 9 —

19 6

rUl ( Zo , / p ) ™

(40, 76) > C,

"DC "ITT
p Pb£il

r% rA

irU 1 ( Jb^ z ) ^

l4o, Zo) , r ,

Zip

IrU 1^4, yp

^ 46,3 O J , A ,

211

GOSUB3j3j3j3

2 lo

PUT(36 f 22)r

(48,28) ,C,

f PSET

216

PUT (34 ,9p)~

(46,96) ,C,

F PSET

220

PUT(4j3 7 2j3)-

(52,26) ,D,

r PSET

230

PUT(42,114)

"(54,120) ,

A, PSET

231

G0SUB3p^fp

235

PUT(4j3,2j3)-

(52,26) ,C,

PSET

236

PUT(42,114)

-(54,120) ,

C,PSET

241

PUT(44 # 16)-

(56,22) ,D,

PSET

250

PUT(48,14^|

-(60,146) ,

A, PSET

251

G0SUB3^p

255

PUT(44,16) -

(56,22) ,C,

PSET

256

PUT(48,14j3)

-(60,146) ,

C , PSET

260

PUT (48 f

(60,16) ,F,

,PSET

270

PUT(52 / 175)

-(64,181) (

r A, PSET

271

PLAY " 0 1L8 0GBDBGDDGBDGB"

275

PUTj[48 f lj3)-

(60,16) ,C,

r PSET

276

PUT(52,17 5)

-(64,181) ,

, C , PSET

277

GOSUB2j3j3^l

280

PUT ( 54 , 6 ) - ( 66 , 12 ) , F , PSET

290
T

PUT(8J3>15^)

-(86,156) ,H,PRESE

291
295
296
300
305
310
SET
311
315
316

320
321
330
T

331
335
336
337
340
341
T

342

345
346

360

GOSUB4000

PUT (54, 6) -(66, 12) ,C,PSET
PUT (80, 150) -(86, 156) ,C,PSET
PUT(60,0)-(72,6) ,B,PSET
PUT(150,0)-(164,6) , J, PSET
PUT ( 110 , 110 ) - ( 116 , 116) , H, PRE

GOSUB4000

PUT (60,0)- (72,6) ,C , PSET
PUT ( 1 50 , 0 ) - ( 1 6 4, 6 ) , C , PSET
PUT (110 ,110) - (116, 116) ,C,PSE

PSET
PSET

PRESE

PUT(160,6)-(174,12) ,J,E
PUT ( 6 6 , 0 ) - ( 78, 3 ) ,K , PS El
PUT(140,70)-(146,76) ,H,

GOSUB4000
PUT(160,6)-(174,12) ,C,PSET
PUT (140,70) - ( 14 6 , 7 6 ) , C , PSET
PUT(66,0)-(78,3) ,C,PSET
PUT ( 170 , 16 ) - ( 184 , 2 2 ) , J , PSET
PUT(170, 40) -(176,46) ,H,PRESE

370
400
410

420
500
510
511
520

GOSUB4000
PUT (170, 16)
PUT (170, 40)
PUT (184, 28)
PUT (18 6 ,30)

(184,22) ,C,PSET
(176,46) ,C, PSET
(198,34) , J, PSET
(192, 36) ,H, PRESE

GOSUB4000
FOR X=l TO 6
CIRCLE (190, 32) ,X, 1
PLAY"O2V30L32DEG"
NEXT X

FOR X=10 TO 24STEP2
CIRCLE ( 190 , 32) ,X,1
PLAY "01V25L32GED"
NEXTX

STEP3

1000 GOTO80

2000 FOR X=l TO 6

2001 CIRCLE (5 6, 180) ,X,1

2002 NEXT

2003 FOR X=9 TO 15

2004 CIRCLE (56, 180) ,X,1

2005 NEXT: RETURN

3000 FOR Z=1T0 40: NEXT: RETURN
4000 FORZ=1TO30:NEXT:PLAY"O1V30L
6 4 FACEECAF " : RETURN

5000 POKE 3 5 9 , 60 : CLS : PRINT : PRINT :
PRINT: PRINT" THE BIG BIRD DROPS

AN ATOMIC BIRD EGG ON THE FARM
COMPLEX. WHEN IT EXPLODES AN

EGG CARTON IS HURLED SKYWARD TO
INTERCEPT AND DESTROY A PESTIC

IDE-CARRYINGCROP-DUSTER. "

5001 PRINT: PRINT" PRESS <ENTER>
TO SEE THIS TIDBIT IN MOTIO

N. ":EXEC44539:POKE359,126

5002 GOTO10

68 THE RAINBOW April 1989

iliiiiiii

No Better System is Available at Any Price (But the Price is Great, t<?p!|

DISK
CONTROLLER

We at OWL- WARE are
pleased to announce that we
have purchased the rights to all
of the Color Computer
Products of J&M Systems.
J&M has had more experience
with CoCo controllers than any
other supplier (except for
Radio Shack® itself) and we
are proud to add them to our
nest! OWL-WARE will now be
producing J&M controllers
under the OWL brand. These
controllers all use J&M's
proven designs, with some
minor improvements, and they
will serve you for years to come.

• All gold contacts

• Works with all CoCo
models (1,2,3)

• Holds 2 switchable ROMS

• Positive switching by
simple jumper or optional
external switch (No erratic
software or pokes re-
quired)

• Buffered I/O lines to help
prevent burn-out if unit
accidentally pulled out
with the system on

• Latching chips are sock-
eted to speed repairs

• Does not use the WD 1773
chip which caused
problems with many CoCo
3 systems and is now dis-
continued

• Attractive all metal case

• Dealer inquiries now in-
vited

CONTROLLER ortly

''Ifff^

Ipiiilillllliliiiill

See the next 2 nages for more
drive and software specials
from OWL-WARE

Disk drives are not our only business, but they sure are our
main business! We have been selling hard and floppy drives for
the CoCo longer than any other Rainbow advertiser. Our double
sided drives are brand new, half-heights with a full one year
warranty! The full-height drives offered cheap by our competi-
tion are used or surplus!

lllllllllll;!^

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

CASE AND
POWER
SUPPLY

In recent months it has be-
come very difficult to obtain de-
pendable, safe power supply
and cases for floppy drive sys-
tems. They just couldn't pass
our quality control. OWL-
WARE has now produced a
case and power supply that you
can be proud to own and use.
We believe that this is the best
and most attractive drive case
available for any computer.

• Built in surge protector!
(we believe that this fea-
ture is unique in CoCo
drive cases)

• Sleek, modern design

• Heavy-duty power supply

• Fully shielded data cable

• Modular power supply
construction for ease of
repairs

• Stackable case design

• Dealer inquiries now in-
vited

i^^BiiiiMiii

OWLrWARI

P.O. Boxll6-A
Mcrtztown, PA 19539
- ORDER LINES (only) —
(800) 245-6228
(215) 682-6855 (PA)

Pro ven

On the Razor's Edge of

Basic and OS-9 Hard
Drive Systems

Proven Performance for Demanding Home or

Business Users

Every hard drive which has been
produced by OWL- WARE during the
last 3 years is complete. A system con-
sists of software, hard drive, controller,
heavy-duty power supply, and LR Tech
Interface. There are no hidden costs for
assembly or testing. When a drive sys-
tem is ordered, we fully assemble, test,
and burn-in the system for 3 full days.
This ensures dependability and op-
timum performance.

We have now been supplying CoCo
hard drive systems and parts for more
than 3 years. This is the longest history
in the CoCo market of any system.
Some other advertisers are stating that
they have one of the most reliable sys-
tems for the CoCo with all of 4 months
history in the CoCo hard drive market]
We have reached our position in the
hard drive market by providing our cus-
tomers with a quality product that they
(and we) can be proud to own and use.

Because of many requests for a lower
price system in kit form, we are now
selling a kit of all parts at a significant
discount compared to our regular
prices. We recommend this kit (or any
kits offered by any other supplier) only
to those who have experience in
electronic assembly and OS-9.

We have LR Tech and Burke & Burke

For OS-9
Levels 1
and 2

OWL Hard Drive BASIC 3

There have been several ads in this
magazine about BASIC for Color
Computer hard drive systems. These
ads sometimes only tell a part of the
story. Our BASIC system price in-
cludes assembly, testing, and 3-day
burn-in period. We do not require a
Multi-pak to operate.

Our hard drive systems are fast, reli-
able, and reasonable in price. This has
been proven by hundreds of users over
the past 3 years. We do not have to turn
off error checking for speed. We
achieve high speed BASIC from a uni-
que indexing method.

The table below will summarize some
of the key points about our BASIC hard
drive system and the B&B system. We
believe that we have the best BASIC in-
terface for CoCo hard drives available.

BASIC Hard Drive Systems

Feature OWL B&B

Drive Portion
Avaiiabie at
One Time

Entire

Partial (4
sections)

User Sets

BASIC/OS-9

Partitions

YES

Yes

Add to Exist-
ing OS-9
Drive Without
Reformat

YES

No(?)

Drives 0-3
Hard/Floppy

YES

Built in Park

YES

Speed*

FAST

Fast

All feature details are believed to be
true at time of writing and are subject
to change. We believe that our BASIC
hard drives are the fastest due to our in-
dexing method, but both systems are
fast and we sell both. On ours all
BASIC commands work including
DSKINI, DSKI$, and DSKO$.

Prices: With/Without Hard

Drive

$35./$79.

Technology

the Color Computer Frontier

Bonus!

Special

Bundled

Software

with any

Disk Drive

Purchase!

Floppy Drive Systems

The Highest Quality for Years of Service

(We have located a number of unused, surplus single sided drives for
those who wish a quality, inexpensive system.)

Drive 0 Systems (Half Height, Double Sided, Direct

Drives) $199. (Same but Single sided) $185

Drive 0 systems complete with drive, controller, legal DOS,

cable, case, power supply, and manual

Drive 1 Systems (Half Height, Double Sided, Direct

Drives) $129. (Same but Single sided) $115.

New 3.5", 720K Drives for OS-9 with case &

Power Supply $179.

Drive 1 Systems have drive, case, power supply. (You may
require optional cable and/or DOS chip to use)

Special for 0/1 Combos (Drives 0,1,2,3) $295.

All drives are new and fully assembled.
We ship only FULLY TESTED and
CERTIFIED at these low prices. We
use Fuji, YE Data, and other fine
brands. No drives are used or surplus
unless otherwise stated to you when
you order. We appear to be the one of
the few advertisers in Rainbow who
can truly make this claim. We have 5
years experience in the CoCo disk
drive market! We are able to provide
support when you have a problem.

Drives 1 Year Warranty [

Order ^

OWL WARE Software Bundle

Disk Tutorial/Utilities/Games
DISK TUTOR Ver 1.1

Learn how to use your disk drive from
this multi-lesson, machine language
program. This tutor takes you through
your lessons and corrects your mistakes
for a quick, painless disk drive introduc-
tion. (This professionally written tutor
is easily worth the bundle's total price.)

OWL DOS

An operating system that gives faster
disk access and allows the use of
double-sided drives. Corrects a floating
point number error on early CoCo sys-
tems.

COPY-IT

Quickly copies selected programs be-
tween disks. A wild card option selects
groups of programs to copy.

VERIFY

Verifies reading of each sector. Bad
sectors are listed on the screen.

2 GAMES

We will select 2 games from our stock.
These sold for more than $20 each.

If sold separately this is more than $125
worth of software!!

Do not mistake this software with
cheap, non-professional "Public
Domain" software which is being of-
fered by others. All of this software is
copyrighted and professional in quality.
The tutor is unique with us and has
helped thousands of new users learn
their disk drive.

only $27.95
(or even better)
only $6.95 with
any Disk Drive Purchase!!

Dur prices, include a. discount for cash
but do not include snipping.

OWL-WARE has a liberal warranty policy. During the warran-
ty period, all defective items will be repaired or replaced at our
option at no cost to the buyer except for shipping costs. Call
our tech number for return. Return of non-defective or un-
authorized returns are subject to a service charge.

wmmmmmmmm

lllllilllBllll
iiiiiiiiiiiii

The tenth in a series of tutorials for
the beginner to intermediate machine
language programmer

Machine Language Made BASIC

Part X: Two-Dimensional Rotation

By William P. Nee

Rotating a point around the
screen is a slow but not too
complicated process. It mainly
involves computing new x and y loca-
tions, and machine language is great at
using math for doing just that. If we
avoid using ROM routines and the FP
registers, this process is considerably
faster.

In this article we take a point at an
old x and y location and revolve it to
get a new x and y location. This involves
switching to the old location while the
new locations are plotted.

The center of the screen (128,96) is the
starting point (0,0) for all coordinates.
If the angle of rotation is called A, the
formulas for a new Xi and yi are as
follows:

Xi = x.cos(a) - y.sin(a)
yi = x.sin(a) + y.cos(a)

This rotates the old x,y counter-
clockwise A degrees to the new Xi,yi;
new x ls y, is PSET(12B+X1,96-Y1).

Unfortunately, using sines and co-
sines slows down a graphics program.
The BASIC program at the end of this
article gives you an idea of this problem.
The more points, the longer the compu-

Bill Nee bucked the "snowbird" trend
by retiring to Wisconsin from a banking
career in Florida. He spends the long,
cold winters writing programs for his
Co Co.

tation time, so we will use an alternative
method.

Say our angle of rotation is roughly
7. 1 73 degrees. The sine of 7. 1 73 is about
1/8, and the cosine is about 127/128.
Both figures can be calculated quickly
by using shift commands.

If Register A contains the old x
locations then these ML commands will
divide the old location by eight and
produce the same result as multiplying
by the sine:

RSRfl (Divide by 2)
RSRfl (Divide by 4)
ASRA (Divide by 8)

This also retains the plus or minus
value.

If Register B contains the old y loca-
tion, then a subroutine like the follow-
ing will compute the cosine:

TFR B,A (Save Y into Register A)

ASRB (Divide by 2)

R5RB (Divide by 4)

ASRB (Divide by 8)

ASRB (Divide by 16)

ASRB (Divide by 32)

ASRB (Divide by 64)

ASRB (Divide by 128)

PSHS B

SUB A ,S+ (the number minus 1 / 128 of
the number = 1 27/ 1 28 of the
number)

number times the cosine). Adding and
subtracting the results of both opera-
tions gives us the new x t ,yi locations.
Since we use signed numbers, no coor-
dinate can be greater than 127 or less
than -128.

However, because we use just one
byte for each coodinate, the computer
continually rounds off the results and
eventually produces a large error.
Therefore, we store each coordinate in
two bytes; the first byte is the whole
number, and the second byte is the two-
place decimal. We use only the first byte
to PSET the point. This means all of our
shifts are actually shifts of Register D
— remember, a right shift of Register D
is ASRA, RORB. This gives us more than
enough accuracy to continue plotting
without causing a rounding-off error.

There is also a new way to PSET a
given point: by converting an x,y loca-
tion to the byte containing the location
and then PSETting the actual bit. Let's
see how this is done in PMODE 4.

In PMDDE 4 there are 192 rows (0 to
191) of 32 bytes each. (Location $B9
gives the bytes per line for the current
PMODE). Multiplying the y coordinate by
32 gives you the start of the row con-
taining the byte you want. Add to that
the start of the graphics page (in Loca-
tion $BA/$BB). Next, figure how far
over into the row we need to go. The x
location can range from 0 to 255, but
since there are eight bits to a byte, divide
the x location by eight. Adding this to
the beginning of the row location gives
us the desired byte location.

THE RAINBOW April 1989

ftware

New!!! Another Package of New Calligrapher Fonts! "O
Save $10.00 when you order the new Calligrapher Economy Font
Package #3. See the samples below. The introductory price of just
$19.95 is available through March 31, 1989, Specify RSDQS or 0S9.

CALLIGRAPHER

CoCo Call i graph er - Turn your
CoCo and dot-matrix printer into
a calligrapher's quill. Make beau-
tiful invitations, flyers, certif-
icates, labels and more. Includes
three Vz inch high fonts. Works
with many printers such as Ep-
son, Gemini and Radio Shack.
Over 135 additional fonts are
available (see below). Tape /Disk;
$24.95.

OS9 Calligrapher - Prints all the
same fonts as the CoCo Calligra-
pher. It reads a standard text file
which contains text and format-
ting codes. You may specify the
font to use, change fonts at any
time, centering, left, right or full
justify, line nil, margin, line
width, page size, page break and
indentation. Similar to troff on
UNIX systems. Includes the
same 3 fonts with additional
fonts available below. Disk only;
OS9 Level I or II; $24.95.

Calligrapher Fonts - Requires
Calligrapher above. Each set on
tape or disk with 8 to 10 fonts;
specify RSDOS or OS9 version;
$14.95 each:

Set#l Reduced and reversed originals;

Set #2 Old Style and Broadway;

Set #3 Antique and Business;

Set #4 Wild West and Checkers;

Set #5 Stars, Hebrew and Victorian;

Set #6 Block and Computer;

Set #7 Small: Roman, Italics, Cubes, etc;

Set #8 Novelty fonts; NEW

Set #9 Gallant and Spartan; NEW

Set #10 Several Roman fonts;

Set #11 Gothic and Script;

Set #12 More Roman and Italic;

Set #13 Several Courier fonts; NEW

Set #14 Modern and Screen; NEW

Set #15 Tektron and Prestige. NEW

Economy Font Packages avail-
able on disk only, with 25 to 30
fonts; specify RSDOS or OS9:
29.95 each or $59.95 for all

three:

Pkg #1 - Above font sets 1, 2 and 3;
Pkg #2 - Above font sets 4, 5 and 6;
Pkg #3 - Above font sets 7, 8 and 9;
Pkg #4 - Above font sets 10, 11 and 12;
Pkg #5 - Above font sets 13, 14 and 15.

Calligrapher Combo Pa

and Economy Font Pac
specify RSDOS or OS9: J

ickage - Includes the Calligrapher
sages #1 and #2, 54 fonts in all:
569.95.

For the Calligrapher!

These two new font sets along with font set #7 now complete the
Economy Font Package #3. As displayed below, each set contains
several styles of the fonts in different sizes and boldness, regular
and reversed. Set #7 includes 10 small fonts. Set #8 includes 10
novelty Jonta. Set #9 includes 10 Gallant and Spartan fonts. Each
set is $14.05. Sets 7, 8 and 9 on one disk make up the Economy
Font Pkg #3, (30 fonts) for $29.95. See special offer above.

Digital

R. o m cl n

Oh \ \d

\ \ d Bo \ d
Fu tiLMre

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kpup
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Gal 1 ant
Gal 1 ant

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■■■IUK1I IP'"'"

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Si:fi|ui(jinji
i

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■ ■■)_

■ ■■■■■ | Pp

■vi=i

toil

lhe OS9 Font Massager - This
OS9 utility program allows you
to do many things to Calligra-
pher font files. You may create
new fonts, modify existing
fonts, invert fonts, compress
fonts, double the height and/or
width, halve the height and/or
width and convert between OS9
and RSDOS formats. $19.95.

This i8 a Saropls of
0S5 CalligpaphSP With
ths H~p0int Child
font from 6hs font set
#& Cpk g #3) 8st to

fUU-juetUy thS tSxt,

For a complete catalog of Sugar Software products and fonts, send a stamp and a label.

RAINBOW

CERTIFtCATiON
SEAL

TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp.

SUGAR SOFTWARE

P.O. Box 7446
Hollywood, Florida 33081
(305) 981-1241

All programs run on the CoCo i, 2 and $, S2K
Extended Basic, unless otherwise noted. Add
$1.50 per tape or disk for shipping and han-
dling. Florida residents add 6% sales tax. COD
orders add $5. Dealer inquiries invited. Orders
generally shipped in 24-48 hours. No refunds
or exchanges without prior authorization.

About
The One-Liner
Contest . .

the rainbow's One-Liner
Contest has now been ex-
panded to include programs
of either one or two lines.
This means a new dimen-
sion and new opportunity
for those who have "really
neat" programs that simply
just won't fit in one line.

Here are the guidelines:
The program must work in
Extended basic, have only
oneortwo line numbers and
be entirely self-contained —
no loading other programs,
no calling ROM routines, no
poked-in machine language
code. The program has to
run when typed in directly
(since that's how our read-
ers will use it). Make sure
your line, or lines, aren't
packed so tightly that the
program won't list com-
pletely. Finally, any instruc-
tions needed should be very
short.

Send your entry (prefera-
bly on cassette or disk) to:

THE RAINBOW

One-Liner Contest

P.O. Box 385
Prospect, KY 40059

Let's do that for the center of the
screen at 128,96 ($80,$60 in Hex). First,
the desired row is Y times 32, or in Hex,
$60 times $20, which is $C00. If we are
in PMODE 4, without disk, graphics begin
at Location $600. Adding $600 to $C00
gives us $1200. The x location is 128,
and 128 divided by 8 is 16. So the
desired byte is 16 (Hex 10) more bytes.
Adding $ 1 200 to $ 1 0 gives us $ 1 21 0. The
byte containing Location 128,96 is
$1210.

Now, what bit represents the x,y
location? Our x location could be 0 to
255, but there are only 8 bits (Bit 7
through Bit 0) in each byte. We need to
change our x location to a number
between 0 and 7. This is done by AND u?.
Any number RND H7 will always be
between 0 and 7. A zero means the left-
most bit; a 7 means the right-most bit.
We must also be sure not to erase
anything already set in the byte. The OR
command does this since it keeps any
number already in the byte and sets only
the new bits.

If our AND 87 gives us 0, we need to
set the left-most bit. Do this by ORing
the contents of the byte with #128
(10000000 in Base 2). This will always
set the left bit (Bit 7) and keep all other
bits as they are. If our rnd »7 was 1, we
would set the next bit over by ORing the
contents of the byte with #64 (01000000
in Base 2). If RND ti? results in 7, set the
right bit (Bit 0) by ORing #1 (00000001
in Base 2). The following table lists the
RND n? results and the number used to
OR the byte contents:

AND #7

OR BYTE

(HEX)

128

#$80

#$40

#$20

#$10

#$08

#$04

#$02

#$01

These OR numbers are already stored
in the computer starting at $92DD. So
all we need to do is load Register A with
the x location and RNDR n?\ load Reg-
ister y with #$92DD and load Register
B with the contents of the byte (in
Register x). Finally, OR Register B with
the "A'th" number in the table and put
the results (PSET) back into the byte.
Let's follow the subroutine all the way
through:

BYTE

LDR
LDB
MUL

tt$ xx xx y coordinate
832 bytes per line

BIT

RDDD $BR

TFR D,X

LDB 8$ xx

L5RB

RBX

LDR 8$ xx

RNDR 87

LDY 8$92DD

PSET LDB ,X

□RB R, Y

STB ,X

add page start (or
ADDA $BA)
byte row to Register
x

xx x location

divide by 8

add it to Register x

(now has the byte)

xx x location

change it to 0

through 7

or table location

get current byte

contents

OR B with 0 through
7th number of the
OR table

reload byte with
new contents

Perform this routine with the
computer at $92A6 (PMODE 4/2/0) or at
$92C2 (PMODE 3/1) when you execute a
PSET command. Follow through these
routines in ZBug The difference be-
tween the two routines is due to the
number of bytes per line in each PMODE
and because the four-color modes take
two bits to set colors. Our program will
not need to use locations $BE and $C0
for x and y, and since it is in PMODE 4,
we will not need to scale. All of this
helps the program to run more quickly.

Start off with the BASIC driver pro-
gram, which P5ET5 a series of random
dots. Modify this part any way you
want — the more complex, however,
the longer it will take to compute and
run, and the more jumbled it will look
on the screen.

The machine language program first
checks all the points inside a box from
screen locations 65,33 to 191,159. This
ensures that no point is more than 63
bits from the center of the screen at
128,96. If a bit is set, its coordinates (x-
128,y-96) are stored in a table of coor-
dinates beginning at $5200. The coordi-
nates are stored as two-byte numbers
and as each pair is stored, the count
location increases by one. Depending
on how many points you set, this section
may take several seconds.

The program then sets up graphics
Page 5. We do not have to specify the
PMODE or color set since the BASIC driver
program did that for us. LOOPS will load
Stack U with a scratch-pad beginning at
$7000. Then it loads Register X with the
start of the coordinate table at $5200
and loads Register D with the number
of dots to be set, which is also put in
counti. L00P3 to GET computes all of

THE RAINBOW

the new x l9 yi rotated coordinates and
puts them back as two-byte numbers.
GET to finish restores the counter and
PSETs all of the coordinates as:

(12B-X1,9G-Y1),(12B-Y1,9G-X1)
(12B-X1, 96+Y1 ) , 12B- Yl , 9G+X1 )

( 128+X1 , 9G- Yl ) , ( 12B+Y1 , 96-X1 )
( 128+X1 , 96+Y1 ) , ( 12B+Y1 , 9G+X1 )

The video screen now allows you to
see the new dots while new x iy yi loca-
tions are being plotted to continue the

cycle. Pressing any key breaks the
program and returns you to BASIC. It's
a long program, but thanks to the Color
Computer's ability, it executes with
amazing speed. That's 320 dot coordi-
nates being computed and plotted with
every pass! □

Listing 1: DEMO

T t% t% TTI f*\T\ it /% fTI/""\ \TT> ■ TV _ V / \T \ a TS

1J3J3 FOR N=J3 TO ND:A=X(N) :B

=Y(N)

lip X (N) =A*127/128-B/8

120 Y (N; =A/8+B*127/128

20 PCLEAR8 : PMODE 4,1: PCLS : SCREEN

130 NEXT

1,1:ND=4

140 FOR N=0 TO ND

30 DIM X(ND) ,Y(ND)

150 PSET(128-X(N) ,96-Y(N) )

: PSET (

40 FOR N=0 TO ND

128-Y(N) ,96-X(N) )

50 X(N)=RND(63) :Y(N)=RND(X(N) )

160 PSET(128-X(N) ,96+Y(N) )

:PSET(

60 PSET(128+X(N) ,96-Y(N) ) :NEXT

128-Y(N) ,96+X(N) )

70 PMODE , 5 : PCLS : GOSUB 100: SCREE

170 PSET(128+X(N) ,96-Y(N) )

:PSET(

N 1

• 128+Y(N) ,96-X(N) )

80 PMODE ,1: PCLS: GOSUB 100: SCREE

180 PSET(128+X(N) ,96+Y(N) )

: PSET (

N 1

128+Y(N) ,96+X(N) )

90 GOTO 70

190 NEXT: RETURN

Listing 2: DRIVER

10 REM DRIVER PROGRAM

20 PCLEAR 8:CLEAR200, &H4F00-1

30 PMODE 4,1: PCLS: SCREEN 1,1

40 FOR N=0 TO 40 : 1 NUMBER OF DOTS
50 X=RND(63) :Y=RND(X)
60 PSET(128+X,96-Y)
70 NEXT

80 EXEC &H4F00

The COCO hardware store

Fantastic

Super Controller Q

A Superb Controller. Along with the included C-DOS, plug-in three more software
selectable DOSes or 2764 or 27128 EPFIOMs burned to your liking. The Internal
M.E.B. lets you add Disto incredible Super Add-ons.

Multi-Board
Adapter

This Muti-Board is an adapter that plugs
in any Disto Super Controller, Ramdisk or MEB Adapter.

It includes a new and improved Printer Port (Centronics compatible),

a faster Real Time Clock (works at 2MHz.) and a true RS-232

Serial Port (external 12 volt AC adapter required). DB25 cable included.

It fits neatly Inside the metal case and is still within Tandy's power
limits. It also works with or without a Multi-Pak. _

• Under 0S-9:

• Buffered Read/Write sector achieved without halting the CPU.

• Continual use of keyboard wen while reading or writing to disk.

• System's clock no longer looses time during Read & Write.

• NmI is blocked and transferred to IRQ in software for low CPU overhead.

• Completely Interrupt driven for fast & smooth Multi-Tasking operations.

• Drivers written by KEVIN DARLING

• Now Available at your Local Radio Shack store PN 90-2009

Mini Contr

• Radio ShackyTandy controller compatible

• Works on all COCOs with or without Multi-Pack
*2 DOS switcher

• Accepts 24 or 28 pin EPROMs

• Low power draw and Gold plated edge connectors

• DOS Included

RS-232 SuperPack

A Stand-Alone (Multi-Pak required) adapter
that gives the user a true RS-232 Serial Port.
Completely compatible with 0S9's ACIA software.
Compatible with software that requires
the Tandy Deluxe RS-232 Pack.
DB-25 cable included.

SUPER ADD-ONS

Real Time Clock
& Printer interface

Mini EPROM Programmer
Hard Disk interface

Hani Disk Interface
with RS-232

Super RAM 3 ZeroK Board
Adapter

C R C

COMPUTERS INC

Master Card and Visa Accepted

1*514*383- 5293

10802 Lajeunesse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3L 2E8

We accept phone orders • Call for Canadian Prices
Include S&H of $4 or $8 if order exceeds $75

Sorry: No personal cheques

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 75

Listing 3: ROTATION

About
Your
Subscription

Your copy of the rainbow is
sent second class mail. You
must notify us of a new address
when you move. Notification
should reach us no later than
the 15th of the month prior to
the month in which you change
your address. Sorry, we cannot
be responsible for sending
another copy when you fail to
notify us.

Your mailing label also
shows an account number and
the subscription expiration
date. Please indicate this ac-
count number when renewing
or corresponding with us. It
will help us help you better and
faster.

For Canadian and other non-
U.S. subscribers, there may be
a mailing address shown that is
different from our editorial of-
fice address. Do not send any
correspondence to that mail-
ing address. Send it to our edi-
torial offices at Falsoft, Inc.,
The Falsoft Building, P.O. Box
385, Prospect, KY 40059. This
applies to everyone except
those whose subscriptions are
through our distributor in Aus-
tralia.

4F00

00100

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4F00 CC

5200

00110 START

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4F03 FD

5107

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4F06 CC

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$4F00
#$5200
COORD
#0

COUNT

#33 Y START
$C0

#65 X START
$BE

$933C PP0INT(X,Y)
$B3ED RESULTS TO REGISTER D
IS THE POINT SET?

CONT
$BE

#128 X DISTANCE FROM SCREEN CENTER
COORD

,X++ STORE 2 -BYTE X COORDINATE
#96

$C0 Y DISTANCE FROM SCREEN CENTER

,X++ STORE 2 -BYTE Y COORDINATE

COORD

COUNT

#1 ONE MORE POINT

COUNT

$BE

#191 REACHED MAXIMUM X COORDINATE?

L00P1

$C0

#159 REACHED MAXIMUM Y COORDINATE?

L00P2

$9653

$9542 PCLS

L00P5

$95AA
#1

$9653

$9542 PCLS

LOOP 5

$95AA

[$A000] ANY INPUT?
PAGE 5 IF NOT, REPEAT

END OF THE PROGRAM
#$7000 START OF "SCRATCH PAD"
#$5200
COUNT

C0UNT1 TEMPORARY COUNTER

,X OLD 2 -BYTE X COORDINATE

4,U

2,U

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REGISTER D / 8

2,U

THE RAINBOW April 1989

4F9F EC

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#128

WAlt!GAME
DESIGNER II

Introducing this NEW enhanced version of
our most popular COCO 3 product!

Here are just a few of the new features;
Choose from keyboard or joystick control.
Now you can control every phase of design
and play by joystick! We've added a new
enhanced icon design system. Work on new
icons at 5 times actual size. No more eye
strain! There's a new terrain modifier menu
with default values to speed up input. New
menus, more visual and audio
enhancements & a super fast screen loader
& more!

Wargaming & game design have never been
so much fun. If you haven't tried it,
NOW is your chancel

WARGAME DESIGNER II

Introductory sale priced at ONLY $25

WGD ICON DISK #1 528 ready made, easy
to use WGD II compatible unit and terrain
icons. Just $15

WGD STAND ALONE SCENARIOS ONLY $15 each

INVASION NORTH
ROBOT COMMAND
GHOST HUNTERS
ZULU REVENGE
ISLAND DOMINATION
TECH WARS

ATTACK ON MOSCOW
DUNGEON WARRIOR
ORC AMBUSH
DESERT RATS
FORT APACHE
ROTC

GRIDIRON STRATEGY Sale price at $18

100% ML football strategy for 1 or 2 players.
The first & still the best!

WEEKLY WINNER 2.0 just $15

The only lotto program we know of that has pro-
duced winning numbers. 100% ML COCO 2 &
3 disk or tape. A proven winner

CATALOG ON DISK A good investment $3

Skeptical? See before you buy. Then deduct
$3.00 from your first order.

CC3FLAGS A "risky" game. only $21

Graphics oriented and definately addictive! A
game of world conquest for 1 to 6 players.
COCO 3 disk only.

BLACK GRID $21

An intriguing graphics puzzel for the COCO 3.
Find the hidden boxes inside the black grid. 3
play modes.

MAIL MASTER Sale priced at just $10

Get your mailing lists organized. All ML

CC3CRAM Introductory sale $12.00

Stop wasting valuable disk space with COCO
3 graphic pages. Cut most files to just 4
granules! A real space saver.

*** APRIL SPECIAL***

Order any product listed above & get the
WGD stand alone game of your choice FREE

Catalog orders excluded.
★★★★★★★★★★★★★*★★★★★
VISA & MASTERCARD accepted FREE shipping

SPORTSware

1251 S. Reynolds Road, Suite 414
Toledo, Ohio 43615
(419) 389-1515

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 77

rot

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00000 TOTAL ERRORS

1ft

New Max-10 Fonts

Futura 24 point 2 disks: $29.95
Century 24 Digital EM
longfcood 24 Mempbis 24

Athens 18 Barnes 18 1010© flU
Ft. Worth 18 point 14 point 12 point

And 19 More! See "The Works" ad on page 19.

Note: Actual font size is 40% larger than shown here. {coISrware

FLOPPY FILER
Creates an alphabetized 3-colum cross-
referenced list of files on your disks.
Find the files you need, fast! <32K DECB, Printer)

MENU MAKER
Let the CoCo wite the »enu routine for your next
program! Just enter the text for titles and sel-
ections and CoCo does the rest! (16K Disk)

Each is $8 US, $11 Canada, Postpaid

FREE joystick directory menu prograa with order.

\ Bo

Gregory Software
Box 573

(MiiilwCnfrt ]

■ ■

•

rkland IL 60146 (815) 522-3593

THE RAINBOW April 1989

the rainbow is a teaching environment and we realize that the
majority of our readers will always be beginners. In our
continuing effort to always keep the new user in mind, and in
addition to the many beginner feature articles and programs
published in every issue, "Novices Niche" contains shorter
basic program listings that entertain as well as help the new
user gain expertise in all aspects of the Color Computer:
graphics, music, games, utilities, education, programming, etc.

CoCo3

Pieces of the Pie

By Bill Bernico

Turn your ordinary presentations into lively and colorful
displays with CC3 Graph, a pie chart generator. Pie charts are
about the best graphic devices around to help in visualizing
ratios and proportions, and they're useful in education as well
as business. CC3 Graph generates charts of up to 16 elements
or pieces (16 because each slice of the pie is a different color
— one for each PALETTE color). The program is user-
prompted, so just type it in and follow the onscreen
directions.

The Listing: CC3GRRPH

FROM BILL BERNICO SOFTWARE

2 WIDTH32:RGB:INPUT"HOW MANY PIE
CES (1-16) ";P:IFP>16THEN2ELSEDIM
S ( P , 14 ) : P=P-1 : CLS : FORJ==j3TOP : PRIN
T" VALUE FOR PIECE #" ; J+l ; : INPUTT
:S(J,13)=S(J,13)+T: NEXT J : HSCREEN
2 : HCLS4 : HCOLOR8 , 4 : RGB': HPRINT (8,1
), "RAINBOW MAGAZINE PRESENTS" :HL
INE(j3,21)-(319,34) ,PSET,BF

3 HC0L0R3:HPRINT(1,3) , "COCO 3 CO
LOR PIE GRAPH by Bill Bernico" :H
DRAW"BM233 , 55C8D128R15U128L15" : F
0RV=1T016 :HDRAW"NR15D8" : NEXTV: FO

iecz

IECE
IECE
ItCt
IECE
IECE

JJ.

RTX=7T022:HPRINT(19,TX) , "PIECE 1f
"+STR$ ( TX-6 ) : NEXTTX : GOSUB6 : K=J3 : F
ORJ=j3TOP : K=K+S ( J, 13 ) : NEXT J : FORJ=
J3T0P:S(J,14)=S(J,13)/K

4 NEXT J : X=7 6 : Y=115 : F=J3 : FORJ=j3TOP
:S=F:F=F+S(J,14) :HCIRCLE (X,Y) ,75
:HLINE(X,Y)-(X+74*COS(6.283* ) ,Y
+74*SIN(6.283*S) ) , PSETrHLINE ( ',Y
)-(X+74*COS(6.283*F) ,Y+74*SIN(6.
283*F) ) ,PSET:HPAINT(X+68*COS(6.2
83* ( (F+S)/2) ) , Y+68*SIN(6.283* ( (F
+S)/2) ) ) ,J, 8:NEXTJ

5 HCOLOR2 : HPRINT (35,12) , "HIT" : PL
AY"02T5B" : HPRINT (35,14), "ANY" : PL
AY " 0 3 B " : HPRINT ( 3 5 , 1 6 ) , " KE Y " : PLAY
" 04 B " : EXEC4 4539: CMP : RUN

6 PALETTE 7 , 52 : PALETTE 9 ,56: PALETT
Elp , 32 : PALETTE 11,20 : PALETTE12 , 41
: PALETTE 13 , 12 : PALETTE 14 , 60 : PALET
TE15 , 48 : Q=2 40 : HPAINT ( Q , 58) ,0, 8 :H
PAINT (Q, 66) , 1, 8: HPAINT (Q, 74) ,2,8

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 79

■

:HPAINT(Q,82) , 3 , 8 :HPAINT (Q, 98) ,5
,8:HPAINT(Q,106) , 6 , 8 :HPAINT(Q, 11
4) ,7,8

7 HPAINT(Q,122) , 8 , 8 rHPAINT (Q, 130
) ,9,8:HPAINT(Q,138) , 10 , 8 : HPAINT (
Q,146) , 11, 8 : HPAINT (Q, 154) ,12,8:H
PAINT (Q, 162) , 13, 8: HPAINT (Q, 170) ,
14, 8 : HPAINT (Q, 178) ,15,8

8 IFP=1THENCL=72ELSEIFP=2THENCL=
8J3ELSEIFP=3THENCL=88ELSEIFP=4THE

NCL=96ELSEIFP=5THENCL=104ELSEIFP
=6THENCL=112ELSEIFP=7THENCL=120E
LSEIFP=8THENCL=128ELSEIFP=9THENC
L=13 6ELSEIFP=10THENCL=144ELSEIFP
=11THENCL=152ELSEIFP=12THENCL=16
J3ELSEIFP=13THENCL=1C6C8

9 IFP=14THENCL=176ELSEIFP=15THEN
CL=184ELSEIFP=16THENRETURN

10 HLINE(151,CL)-(250,184) , PRESE
T, BF : RETURN

Who Ya Gonna Write? ™

ECB

By Keiran Kenny '

At my age (seven years into retirement) I have found I do
not need anything very elaborate in the way of software to
keep addresses for mailing labels, so I wrote this short
program to provide a simple and convenient way for my
limited number of addresses. EZLabel prints labels in two
ways — one at a time or in a batch — and the menu lets you
decide how you want to do it.

Addresses I use fairly often are kept in DflTfi statements as
in the examples in lines 1000 to 1020. Select Option 1 (batch
printing) and the addresses in the DfiTA lines are listed on the
screen one at a time. If your printer is ready, you can press
Y to print the address on display or N to skip it.

There is room for nine lines on 4-by-l 1 /2-inch labels, but
you can have a maximum of seven lines per label. Line 1020
contains only one line (the program could also be used to
make labels for books, etc.). I like to end each line in an
address with a comma (hence the data items between quotes),
but this is optional.

If you want to put your own data into lines 1000 and up,
note that each address ends with a flag, XX, and that your
last data line must read zz, as Line 2000.

If you select Option 2 from the menu in order to print out
addresses that are not in DfiTfi statements — i.e., "on the fly"
— you can type and enter up to seven lines. If you have less
than seven lines, enter a shifted up arrow, CHR$ ( 95 ) , after you
have entered the last line in an address. This prints a little
left arrow on the screen.

Whichever option you choose, your label is printed
centered horizontally and vertically on a 4-by-l !/2-inch label.
The entry in Line 20 sets the tab position at 20, and the longest
line in the address is centered under this tab position. Lines
320 to 350 establish which line is the longest line. Lines 310,
360 and 400 set blank lines at the top and bottom of each
label according to the number of lines in the address to be
printed. The printer control codes in Line 150 are for a DMP-
130 printer.

The on-the-fly routine in lines 270 to 300 uses LINEINPUT,
but if you do not have Extended Color BASIC, you can
substitute INPUT in Line 280. You will then be unable to use
commas or colons in your addresses.

The Listing: EZLflBELS-

5 1 EZELABLS 1 by Keiran Kenny,
Sydney, 1988.

10 CLS:DIMN$(8)

20 TB=20 »TAB(20)

30 POKE150,18 '2400 baud.

4J3 PRINT@64 , "DO YOU WANT TO:": PR
INT

50 PRINTTAB ( 2 ) " 1 ♦ PRINT ADDRESSE
S IN DATA? ": PRINT

60 PRINTTAB (2) "2. TYPE AND PRINT
ONE-OFF" , TAB ( 5 ) "ADDRESSES?" : PRI
NT

70 PRINTTAB (2) "3. END PROGRAM? " :
PRINT

80 PRINTTAB (8) "PRESS 1, 2 OR 3 . 11

90 K$=INKEY$:IFK$="»THEN90

100 IFK$="1"THEN140

110 IFK$="2"THEN140

120 IFK$=" 3 "THENCLS : END

130 GOTO90

140 PRINT: PRINT "PRINTER READY? -

PRESS ANY KEY. ":EXEC44539
150 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27) ;CHR$(18) ;C
HR$(27) ;CHR$(31) ; 1 NLQ Bold
160 I FK$ m " 2 11 THENCLS : PRINT @ 3 2 , " T Y
PE ADDRESS : " : PRINT@64 : GOTO270
170 N=N+l:READN$(N) : IFN$ (N) ="ZZ"
THENCLS : RESTORE : N=0 : PRINT" DATA E
ND. ":GOTO40ELSEIFN$ (N) ="XX"THENN
=N-1 : CLS : GOTO180ELSE170
180 PRINT@128
190 FORT=lTON
200 PRINTTAB (3 )N$(T)
210 NEXT

220 PRINT : PRINTTAB ( 3 ) " PRINT? Y/N
ii

230 C$=INKEY$:IFC$=""THEN230

240 IFC$="Y"THEN310

250 IFC$="N f, THENN=0:GOTO170

260 GOTO230

270 FORN=lT07

80 THE RAINBOW April 1989

280 PRINT" LINE "N ; CHR$ ( 8 ) " : " ; : LIN
EINPUTN$ (N)

290 IFN=7THEN310ELSEIFN$(N)=CHR$
( 95 ) THENN=N-1 : GOTO 3 10
300 NEXT

310 TM=INT( (9-N)/2)
320 FORT=lTON

330 IFLEN(N$(T) ) >Z THEN340ELSE35
P

340 Z=LEN(N$(T) )
350 NEXT

360 FORD=lTOTM: PRINT#-2 : NEXT
370 FORT=lTON

380 PRINT#-2,TAB(TB-(Z/2) )N$(T)

390 NEXT

400 FORD=lT09-N-TM:PRINT#-2 :NEXT

410 N=0:IFK$="1"THEN170ELSE40

420 DATA "Keiran Kenny, "2/45 C

remorne Road, " , Cremorne N.S.W. 2
090. , XX

1000 DATA "The Submissions Edito
r ,", "RAINBOW, ","P.O. Box 385,","
Prospect KY,", U.S. A. 40059., XX
1010 DATA "The Editor, "/'Austral
ian CoCo Magazine, ", "P.O. Box 17
42, ",Southport Q'ld. 4215, XX
1020 DATA MR. William P. Nutt,XX
2000 DATA ZZ

An Uncommon View

By Kenneth R.

Very few people have had the opportunity to view the
constellation of Orion as it is depicted here — through a
spaceship window. But with the 21st century about to burst
onto the scene, this sort of sight might soon become common
in daily life. Picture the typical next-generation CoCophile
floating past his living room porthole, talking out a bug in
a Hyper Extended BASIC program to the CoCo 7 on his wrist.

The Listing: STflRVlEW

0 • COPYRIGHT 198 9 FALSOFT, INC

1 'STARVIEW

5 'Draws a view of "Orion" as se

en thru a spaceship window - wit

h sound effects. K.R.Hill.

10 PMODE 4,1:PCLEAR 4

20 PCLS

30 SCREEN 1,1

40 FOR N=l TO 22

50 READ X,Y

60 PSET(X,Y)

70 NEXT N

80 DATA 128,96,120,96,136,96,126

, 105, 125 , 106, 125 , 108 , 112 , 72

90 DATA 148,120,115,128,175,112,

147,128, 143,105,48,80,8 6, 68

100 DATA 164,80,88,100,68,40,92,

3 6,13 6,25,181,45,200,73,216,76

110 CIRCLE (128, 96) ,60, , .8

120 CIRCLE (128, 96) ,100, , .8, .5, .6

130 CIRCLE (128, 96) ,65, , .8, .50, .6
0

140 LINE(28,96)-(63,96) ,PSET
150 LINE(45,51)-(75,67) , PSET
160 CIRCLE (128, 96) ,100, , .8, .62, .
70

170 CIRCLE (128, 96) ,65, , .8, .62, .7

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260
270
271

•0

272

273
274
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390

LINE (53, 45) -(78, 64) ,PSET
LINE (90, 21) -(106,51) ,PSET
CIRCLE (128, 96) ,100, , .8, .71, .

CIRCLE (128, 96) , 65 , , . 8 , . 71, . 8

LINE (101, 20) -(113,49) , PSET
LINE (145, 49) -(158,20) ,PSET
CIRCLE (128, 96) ,100, , .8, .82, .

CIRCLE (128, 96) , 65 , , . 8 , . 82 , . 9

LINE (151, 50) -(166, 21) , PSET
LINE (17 8, 63) -(205, 44) , PSET
CIRCLE (128, 96) ,100, , .8, .91,1

CIRCLE (128, 96) ,65, ,.8, .91,1.

LINE (211, 52) -(183,68) ,PSET

LINE (193, 96) -(228, 96) , PSET

PAINT (128,0) ,5,5

SO=65312

POKE 65315,63

ST=4

EN=2 40

S=2

FOR X=ST TO EN STEP S

POKE SO,X

POKE SO,EN-X

NEXT X

GOTO 340

STOP

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 81

It'll Move You

By Timothy Dueck

If the cartoonist in you is yearning to break free, do your
creative conscious a favor and type in this short animation-
creation program. Animator lets you draw up to seven
screens in PMODE 0. When you have finished, the program
cycles through the drawings, creating the effect of motion.
The "control" keys for drawing (R for up, C for down, etc.)
are listed upon program bootup, and the program is self-
explanatory.

Animator is easily changed to suit your needs. For
example, you can alter the speed of the animation by
changing the FDR J=l to 25 in Line 75 to FOR J=l to n. If
n is less than 25, the animation is faster; higher than 25, the
animation is slower. Also, you hackers might try adding new
features like drawing commands (CIRCLE, PRINT, etc.).

The Listing: rnimator

1 PCLEAR8

5 CLS : PRINT© 12 , "ANIMATOR" : PRINT :
PRINT: PRINT" LIMIT 8 SCREENS" :PRI
NT : PRINT" COMMANDS : " : PRINT"R-UP" :
PRINT "D-LEFT" : PRINT "F-RIGHT" : PRI
NT"C-DOWN" : PRINT"5-DRAW" : PRINT"6
-ERASE" :PRINT"E-EXIT SCREEN" :D=1

:S=1

10 PRINT"PRESS A KEY TO DRAW ON
SCREEN "S

15 A$=INKEY$ : IFA$=" "THEN15ELSEPM
ODE0 , S : PCLS : SCREEN 1 , 1 : X=0 : Y=0
2J3 DO$=INKEY$ : IFDO$="R"ORDO$=»D"
ORDO $ = " F " ORDO $ = " C " THENGOS UB 3 J3ELS
EIFDO$=" 5 "THEND=1ELSEIFD0$=" 6 "TH
END=0ELSEIFDO$="E"THENGOTO50
25 PRESET (X, Y) :PSET(X,Y) :GOTO20
30 IFDO$="R"ANDY-2<0THENRETURNEL
SEIFDO $= " D " ANDX- 2 < 0THENRETURNELS
E I FDO $ « " F " ANDX+ 2 > 2 5 4 THENRETURNEL
SEIFDO$="C"ANDY+2>190THENRETURN
35 IFD=1THENPSET (X, Y) ELSEPRESET (
X, Y)

40 IFDO$="R"THENY=Y-2ELSEIFDO$="
D " THENX=X- 2 ELS E I FDO $ = " F " THENX=X+
2 ELS E I FDO $ = " C " THENY=Y+ 2
45 RETURN

5J3 IFD=1THENPSET (X, Y) ELSEPRESET (
X,Y)

55 SCREEN0 , 0 : IFS=8THEN65ELSECLS :

PRINT "ANOTHER SCREEN? (Y/N) "

60 A$=INKEY$:IFA$="Y"THENS=S+l:G

OTO10ELSEIFA$="N"THENSL=S : GOT065

ELSE6J3

65 PRINT"PRESS A KEY TO SEE ANIM
AT I ON"

70 A$=INKEY$:IFA$=""THEN70

75 FORI=lTOSL: PMODE0 , I : SCREEN1 , 1

: F0RJ=1T025 : NEXT J , I : GOT075

Today's Forecast r— "

By Rick Cooper L__

Mary, Mary, quite contrary, how does your garden grow?
Quite well, probably, if it drinks in as much precipitation as
this C0C0 3 program ladles out. Type in WhenRain? and
watch April's torrents coax the grass into greening. But be
patient while the clouds gather — storms take a while to brew,
you know.

The Listing: WHENRAIN

100 REM WHEN WILL IT RAIN?

110 REM BY RICK COOPER

120 REM PO BOX 276

130 REM LIBERTY, KY 42539

140 REM COPYRIGHT JULY 1988

150 ON BRK GOTO 570

160 ON ERR GOTO 570

170 HBUFF 1/2000

175 HBUFF 2,1000

177 HBUFF 3,2000

180 POKE &HFFD9,0

190 FOR X=0 TO 15 : READ A: PALETTE

X,A:NEXT X
200 DATA 0,63,17,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
,0,0,0,0,0

210 HCOLOR 1,0:HSCREEN2

220 L1$="F15D3C5F18D2C9F20D1C12F

230 HDRAW"C1BM248 , 48 ;U2E2R2E2R3U

2R3E2R7E2R9F2R5F2R5D2R4F2R3F2D3F

2G2D2G2L3G2L4D2L5G2L5G2L9G2L7H2L

3U2L3H2L2H2U4H3E3 »

240 A=244:B=3 6

250 HPAINT(A+20,B+15) ,1,1

260 L2$="WHEN WILL IT RAIN?"

2 62 HCOLOR 0,0

264 HPRINT(10,1) ,L2$

266 HGET(78,8)-(228,16) ,2

268 HCOLOR 1,0

270 HPRINT(10,1) ,L2$

275 PALETTE 2,0

280 HCOLOR 2,0

290 HPRINT(28,15) ," 'RAIN BY 1 11 : HP
RINT(28,17) , lf RICK COOPER"

293 HGET(224,120)-(312,144) ,3

294 HCOLOR 0,0

82 THE RAINBOW April 1989

295 HPRINT (28,15),"' RAIN BY 1 ": HP
RINT(28,17) ,"RICK COOPER"
298 PALETTE 2,17
300 J=3

3 1) 3 FOR X=95 TO 145

32) 3 HGET(A,B)-(A+68,B+32) ,1
330 A=A-3

340 HPUT(A,B)-(A+68,B+32) ,1
350 FOR Y=70 TO 189
360 R=RND ( 3 )

370 IF R<=2 THEN HSET(X, Y, J) :IF
J<15 THEN J=J+1 ELSE J=3
380 NEXT Y

390 IF X=125 THEN PALETTE 1,25
400 IF X=135 THEN PALETTE 1,7
410 NEXT X

420 FOR X=3 T015: PALETTE X,0:NEX
TX

430 HDRAW"C3BM170,20;"+L1$

For the Birds

By Keiran Kenny

Very young children can soon become discouraged by
games in which they have to get a score, especially if big
brother is kibitzing from nearby. In this program, "birdseed"
is scattered at random over the screen, and a wing-flapping
bird appears at the top. All the child has to do is use the right
joystick to move the bird around the screen until it has
"eaten" all the birdseed. Each "grain" it touches will
disappear. For more birdseed and another bird, press the
firebutton.

I hope you find the animation technique convincing. Line
30 draws the bird wings-down, and Line 50 draws it wings-
up. The GET statements in lines 40 and 60 store the image in
arrays (16 by 16) labelled fl and B. Line 70 stores a 16-by-
16 area of blank screen, labelled C, for use as an eraser. These
are "speed" GET-PUTs. The images are put onto the screen and
erased alternately in lines 100 to 220. The delay loop
subroutine in Line 350 regulates the speed at which the bird
flaps its wings.

This program was a hit with 5- and 6-year-old neighbors,
but the 2-year-old just grunted and said, "Let's see the listing."

The Listing: BIRDSEED

0 1 BIRDSEED 1 by Keiran Kenny,

Sydney, 1988.

1 1 COPYRIGHT 1989 FALSOFT,INC
1J3 DIMA(6) ,B(6) ,C(6)

20 PMODE4 / l:PCLS

30 DRAW"BM0 , 8BD4E4R2BR4R2F4" : CIR
CLE(8,8) ,2

40 GET(0,0)-(15,15) ,A

50 DRAWBM24 , 8BU4F4R2BR4R2E4" : CI

RCLE(32,8) ,2

60 GET(24,0)-(39,15) ,B

70 GET(240,0)-(255,15) ,C

80 PCLS:SCREEN1,1

90 FORT=1TO50

100 X=40+RND(176)

110 Y=40+RND(111)

120 IFPPOINT(X,Y)<>0THEN100

440 HPUT(78,8)-(228,16) ,2

450 Y=191

460 FOR Z=l TO 60

470 FOR X=3 TO 15

480 REM IF RND(2)=1 THEN POKE &H

FFD9,0 ELSE POKE &HFFD8,0

490 IF RND(3)=1 THEN PALETTE X,6

3 ELSE PALETTE X,25

500 PALETTE X,0

510 NEXT X

520 HSET(RND(57)+90,Y,2)

530 IF Z=10 THEN HPUT ( 224 , 120) - (

312,144) ,3

540 NEXT Z

550 Y=Y-1

560 GOTO 460

570 RGB

580 POKE &HFFD8,0
590 END

130 PSET(X,Y)

140 NEXT

150 X=120:Y=8

160 PUT (X, Y) - (X+15 , Y+15) , A

170 GOSUB350

180 PUT(X,Y)-(X+15,Y+15) ,C

190 GOSUB350

200 PUT(X,Y) -(X+15, Y+15) ,B

210 GOSUB350

220 PUT(X,Y) -(X+15, Y+15) ,C

230 GOSUB350

240 J0=JOYSTK(0) : Jl=JOYSTK(l)

250 IFJ0<63THENX=X-8

260 IFJ0>0THENX=X+8

270 IFJK31THENY=Y-8

280 IFJl>0THENY=Y+8

290 IFX<8THENX=8

300 IFX>2 32THENX=232

310 IFY<8THENY=8

320 IFY>176THENY=176

330 IFPEEK(65280)=126ORPEEK(6528

0)=254THENPCLS:GOTO90

340 GOTO160

350 FORD=1TO50: NEXT: RETURN

Submissions to "Novices Niche" are welcome from everyone. We
like to run a variety of short programs that can be typed in at one
sitting and are useful, educational and fun. Keep in mind, although
the short programs are limited in scope, many novice programmers
find it enjoyable and quite educational to improve the software
written by others.

Program submissions must be on tape or disk. We're sorry, but
we cannot key in program listings. All programs should be
supported by some editorial commentary, explaining how the
program works. If your submission is accepted for publication, the
payment rate will be established and agreed upon prior to
publication.

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 83

BASICal l y Speaking

Puzzled Programming

Dear Bill,

Below are lines from two fine pro-
grams from rainbow that have always
puzzled me. I hope you can help me.

From Calendar by Roger Bouchard,
January 1987, Page 47:

140 IFY>1582THENIFY=INT(Y/4)*4TH
ENM ( 1 ) =29 : IFY=INT ( Y/100 J *100ANDY
OINT(Y/400)*400THENM(1)=2BEL5EE
LSEELSEGDSUBG50:GDTO120

From Poker by Robert Brimmer,
March 1987, Page 100:

26 IFB$="A"THENB=D ELSEIFB$="H"T
HENB=INT(D/2)ELSEIFB$="Q"THENB=I
NT(D/4)ELSEIFB$="T"THENB=INT(D*3
/4 ) ELSEB=VAL ( B$ ) : I FB$<"0 "DRB$>"9
"THENELSEIFB=0THENB=10

The THENELSEIF at the end of Line 26
has me puzzled.

Keiran Kenny
Cremorne, Austrailia

BASIC does not use the most elegant
nesting of logic statements, sometimes
known as logic constructs. Let's pretend
that BASIC is a bit more free-flowing.
Take a look at how the statement shown
in Figure 1 might be taken apart and
notice how it works.

Now look at this statement and notice
that at each level of logic, I indented the
lines. This makes it easier to read.
Remember that ELSE gives an alternate
option if the logic test (for example, IF
y >15B2) is false. So the ELSE statements
simply move the BASIC interpreter out
of the nest of IF/ THEN statements.

As for the second problem, a more
logical way to write the statement:

IF B$<"0" OR B$>"9" THENELSEIFB=
0 THEN B=10

Bill Bernico is the author of over 200
Color Computer programs and is a
frequent RAINBOW contributor whose
hobbies include golf writing music and
programming. Bill is a drummer in a
rock band and lives in Sheboygan,
Wisconsin.

Larry Boeldt has programmed on the
Color Computer for five years. He has
experience in BASIC, Pascal and FOR-
TRAN IV. He runs a software custom-
izing business for the Co Co market.

BASICally

peaking

By Bill Bernico

Rainbow Contributing Editor
with Larry Boeldt

would be to reverse the logic during the
test:

IF NOT(B<"0" OR B$>"9") THEN IF
B=0 THEN B=10

Notice how much more readable this is.
basic is a wonderful language, but it
unfortunately adapts itself to some less
readable programming techniques.
None the less, BASIC remains one of my
all time favorites. Keep those questions
coming!

Correction Please

Dear Bill:

I'm having a bit of trouble with your
program on page 144 of the December

'88 issue. The moving cursor motion is
either down or to the right, but I can't
move it one way then the other. When
I try to move up or left, the cursor
simply erases itself.

I double-checked the program, but I
don't have the know-how to make the
needed adjustments. I'm wondering if
anyone else has this problem.

Walter R. Coggan
Seattle

The only error I could find in the
"BASICally Speaking" column of De-
cember 1988 was under the title Repeat
After Me. The first example was incor-
rectly ordered. You should get the
proper results, if you type it as follows:

10 CLS

20 F0RX=33BT0345 : POKEX , 255 : NEXTX
30 A$=INKEY$: IF A$="" THEN 20
40 PRINT A$;
50 GOTO 20

The locations must be poked before
running the INKEYS command.

Questions about specific BASIC program-
ming problems can be addressed to BASIC-
ally Speaking, the rainbow, P.O. Box 385,
Prospect KY 40059.

We reserve the right to publish only
questions of general interest and to edit for
brevity and clarity. We are unable to answer
letters individually.

For a quicker response, your questions
may also be submitted through rainbow's
CoCo SIG on Delphi. From the CoCo
SlOprompt, type ASK for "Ask the Ex-
perts." At the EXPERTS>prompt, select
the "BASICally Speaking" online form,
which has complete instructions.

140

If Y>1582 THEN

IF Y=INT(Y/4)*4 THEN
f1(l)=29

IF Y=INT(Y/100)*100 AND YOINT( Y'400 ) *400 THEN
M(1)=2B

ELSE
ELSE

ELSE

GOSUB G50
GOTO 120

150

Figure 1 ^

84 THE RAINBOW April 1989

" • i in • i f 1 1 1 1 1 • i

' "■

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OS-9 Communications program

• Menu oriented ■ Definable macro keys

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menus, windows and prompts. Requires os-9
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• Full block commands

■ Find and Replace commands

• Proportional spacing supported

• Full printer control, character size, emphasized, italics, overstrlke,
underline, super/sub-scripts

• 10 header/footers

• Margins and headers can be set different for even and odd pages

$69.95 with source $124.95

XMERGE Mail merge capabilities for XWORD

$24.95 with source $49.95

XSPELL OS-9 spelling checker, with 40000 word dictionaries

$39.95

XTRIO XWORD/XMERGE/XSPELL

$114.95 with source $199.95

XED OS-9 full screen editor

$39.95 with source $79.95

XDIS OS-9 disassembler

$34.95 with source $54.95
XDIR & XCAL Ilierarchial directory, OS-9 calculator

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THE DIRECTOR

Produces hires picture sound and color animation shows. Completely menu
driven with full editing. Great for presentations and vcr's. Requires COCO III
only. $39.95

1 1 1 1 i f 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i.i , i

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I I I I I I I I I I.. I I I I I I I I I

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SMAtLL business accouting

This sales-based accounting package is de-
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driven Accounts Receivable and Accounts Pay-
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Accounts Receivable and Payable Aging Re-
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Status Lists, and a Journal Posting List.

$79.95

INVENTORY CONTROL/SALES ANALYSIS

This module is designed to handle inventory
control, with user denned product codes, and
produce a detailed analysis of the business'
sales and the sales force. One may enter/update
inventory data, enter sales, run rive sales anal-
ysis reports, run five inventory reports, set up
product codes, enter/update salesman records,
and update the SBAP inventory.

$59.95

PAYROLL

Designed for maintaining personnel and
payroll data for up to 200 hourly and salar-
ied employees with 8 deductions each. Cal-
culates payroll and tax amounts, prints
checks and maintains year-to-date totals
which can be automatically transferred to
the SBA package. Computes each pay peri-
od's totals for straight time, overtime and
bonus pay and determines taxes to be with-
held. Aditional outputs include mailing list,
listing of employees, year-to-date federal
and/or state tax listing, and a listing of cur-
rent misc. deductions. Suited for use in all
states except Oklahoma and Delaware

$59.95

PERSONAL BOOKKEEPING 2000
Handles 45 accounts. Enters cash expenses as
easily as checks. Handles 26 expense catego-
ries K. Menu driven and user friendly.

$39.95

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Includes detailed audit trails and history
reports for each customer, perpares in-
voices and monthly statements, mailing la-
bels, aging lists, and an alphabetized cus-
tomer listing. The user can define net
terms for commercial accounts or finance
charges for revolving accounts. This pack-
age functions as a standalone A/R system or
integrates with the Small Business Accting
package.

$59.95

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

Designed for the maintenance of vendor
and A/P invoice files. The system prints
checks, voids checks, cancels checks, de-
letes cancelled checks, and deletes paid A/P
invokes. The user can run a Vendor List,
Vendor Status report, Vendor Aged report,
and an A/P Check Register. This package
can be used either as a standalone A/P sys-
tem or can be integrated with the Small
Business Accounting Package.

$59.95

INC

Ordering Information

Add $3.00 shipping & handling, MN residents add 6% sales tax.
Visa, Mastercard, COD (add $3.50), personal checks.

633-6161

ffl

J \

Give us your best: Join the ranks of these courageous CoCoists in showing the Color Computer world your
high score at your favorite micro-diversion. We want to put your best effort on record in the rainbow's bi-
monthly "Scoreboard" column. All entries must be received 60 days prior to publication. Entries should be
printed — legibly — and must include your full name, address, game title, company name and, of course, your
high score. Each individual is limited to three score entries per month. Send your entries to Scoreboard,

C/O THE RAINBOW.

For greater convenience, your high scores may also be sent to us through the MAIL section of our Delphi
CoCo SIG. From the CoCo SIG> prompt, pick MAIL, then type SEND and address to: EDITORS.

ADVANCED STAR*TRENCH (THE RAINBOW, 7/86)
4,750 ★Stephane Martel, Lavaf, Quebec
4,500 Frankie DiGiovanni, Oiney, MD
4,475 David Schaller, Ciarkston, WA
AN DRONE (Radio Shack)

20,820 ★Gary Budzak, Westerville, OH
ASTRO BLAST (Mark Data)

49,356 * Brian S. Brame, Lakeside, CA
48,825 Tony Bacon, Mt. Vernon, IN
24,980 Matthew Smith, Courtenay, British
Columbia
ATOM (Radio Shack),

Round 2 James Donegan, Saurgerties, NY

15,785
12,825

1,627,500
1,002,700
437,200
436,200

BASH (SRB Software)

744,900 *Andy Carter, North Charleston, SC
BEE ZAPPER (THE RAINBOW, 9/87)

28,275 ★William Currie, Bryans Road, MD
David Hartmann, Osoyops, British

Columbia
Frederick Lajoie, Middleton, Nova
Scotia

BIOSPHERE (Radio Shack)

64,000 *Ty Stocksdale, Racine, Wl
BLITZ (THE RAINBOW, 6/88)

126,400 ★Jerry Anderson, Jacksonville, FL
69,150 Ryun Schlecht, Gackle, ND
38,775 Jon Hobson, Plainfield, Wl
BOUNCING BOULDERS (Diecom Products)
24,186 ★Dennis Zobel, Centereach, NY
16,874 Michael Zobel, Centereach, NY
10,930 Patrick Garneau, Ste-Croix, Quebec
BREWMASTER (NOVASOFT)

51,925 *Wendy Staub, Moundsville, WV
CANYON CLIMBER (Radio Shack)
1 ,725,100 ★John Guptill, Columbia, MO
Matthew Fumich, Munford, TN
Chris Kremo, Bethel, CT
Jack Rowe, Fenton, MO
Sam Hanson, Inkom, ID
CASHMAN (MichTron)

9,870 * Martin Parada, Arcadia, CA
CAVEWALKER (Radio Shack)

209,870 *Todd Von Natta, Isle of Palms, SC
34,720 Chris Kremo, Bethel, CT
30,309 Cathy England Kimble, Glendale, AZ
CLOWNS & BALLOONS (Radio Shack)
688,960 *Faye Keefer, Augusta, GA
217,500 Frankie DiGiovanni, Olney, MD
70,1 80 Charles Andrews, Delta Jet, AK
COLOR BASEBALL (Radio Shack)

596-0 ★•Frank C. D'Amato, Brooklyn, NY
•Tom Cherubino, Brooklyn, NY
•Brian S. Brame, Lakeside, CA
•Wes Latimer, GrangeviMe, ID
•Joel Stocksdale, Racine, Wl
•Kevin Wannemacher, Payne, OH
•John Valentine, Marlborough, CT
•Ryan Murray, Herrln, 1L
•John Brecket, Wilmington, OH
•Scott Galvao, Tiverton, R I
•Jennifer Johnson, Meriden, CT
•Karen Rimiller, Adams, NY
•Matthew Snider, Pinehurst, TX

Greg Allen, Atwater, CA
•Jason Trammel, Murphysboro, IL
•Chris Donato, Euclid, OH
COLOR CAR (NOVASOFT)

343,075 *Duncan Cameron, Chippewa Falls,
Wl

318,550 Alan Martin, Cornwall, Ontario

85
85

86
86
86

702,520
282,070
174,410
152,220

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★^
¥

¥
¥

¥
¥
¥
¥

¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★^

595-0
412-0
389-0
387-0
276-0
238-0
172-0
149-0
137-0
137-0
132-0
130-0
130-2
126-0
113-0

* Current Record Holder • Shutout

COLOR POKER (THE RAINBOW, 4/83)
70,557,600 ★Earl Foster, Lynchburg, VA
THE CONTROLLERS (THE RAINBOW, 2/88)
365 *Roger Ranee, Charleston, SC
308 Erin Carlton, Charleston, SC
CRYSTAL CASTLES (Thunder Vision)

516,220 *Jason Trammel, Murphysboro, IL
DALLAS QUEST (Radio Shack)

81 *Brad Wilson. Lithia Springs, GA
Paul Summers, Orange Park, FL
David and Shirley Johnson, Leicester,
NC

Roy Grant, Toledo, OH
Melanie Moor, Florence, AL
Curtis Trammel, Murphysboro, IL
DEF MOV (THE RAINBOW, 1/87)

50,566 *Frankie DiGiovanni, Oiney, MD
43,808 Domingo Martinez, Miami, FL
39,320 Matthew Smith, Courtenay, British
Columbia
DEMOLITION DERBY (Radio Shack)

113,200 *Gary Budzak, Westerville, OH
100,500 Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY
DEMON ATTACK (Imagic)

279,435 *Jon Hobson, Plainfield, Wl
202,260 Tom Briggs, Hillsdale, NY
89,285 Upton Thomas, Arnold, MD
DESERT PATROL (Arcade Animation)
631 ,450 ★Chris Lucero, Denver, CO
505,250 Ricky Turkett, Marlow, OK
234,300 Steven Turcotte, Matane, Quebec
DESERT RIDER (Radio Shack)

80,703 ★Thomas Payton, Anderson, SC
68,353 Mike Alt, San Juan Caplstrano, CA
65,351 Jason Hackley, Clinton, CT
DEVIL ASSAULT (Tom Mix)
1,868,100 ★Stephane Martel, Laval, Quebec
823,550 Dale Krueger, Maple Ridge,
British Columbia
DOWNHILL (THE RAINBOW, 1/89)

10 *James Donegan, Saugerties, NY
DOWNLAND (Radio Shack)

125,450 ★Pat Norris, O'Fallon, MO
99,982 Eric Mellon, Newark, DE
99,980 Danny Wimett, Rome, NY
DRACONIAN (Tom Mix)

137,810 ★Chris Lucero, Denver, CO
127,870 Michael Mullen, Buffalo, NY
DRAGON FIRE (Radio Shack)

160,835 *Eric Olson, Wheaton, IL
146,325 Stephane Martel, Laval, Quebec
FIRESTORM (THE RAINBOW, 1/86)
22,505 *Chad Presley, Luseiand,
Saskatchewan
Stephane Martel, Laval, Quebec
Kathy Rumpel, Arcadia, Wl
Mark Brissie, Nashville, TN
GALACTIC ATTACK (Radio Shack)

31 ,1 00 ★Upton Thomas, Arnold, MD
29,030 David Czarnecki, Northampton, MA
26,370 Jeff Remick, Warren, Ml
GALAGON (Spectral Associates)

751 ,020 *Sofia Giorgi, Brasilia, Brazil
357,890 Jason Clough, Houston, TX
328,820 Bernard Burke, Lee's Summit, MO
GANTELET (Diecom Products)
65,398,298 ★Phil Wooding, Renovo, PA
45,235,820 Ken Hubbard, Madison, Wl
23,643,720 Geran Stalker, Rivordalo, GA
GANTELET II (Diecom Products)
65,399,289 *Corey Kepler, Renovo, PA

11,250
5,680
5,180

GANTELET II (continued)
17,701,060 oryan Bell, Manassas, VA

55,015 Andy Freeman, Turtle Lake, Wl
GFL CHAMPIONSHIP FOOTBALL II (Tandy)
1 ,046-0 *Mark E. Wentroble, Tyler, TX
825-0 Ryan Grady, Newbury Park, GA
83-3 Charies Reve de Cotret, Laurent,
Quebec

GHANA BWANA (Radio Shack)
2,350,750 ★Michael Heitz, Chicago, IL

Joseph Deianey, Augusta, GA
Kelly Jones, West Salem, OH
Caraann Jentzsch, Dufur, OR
Roger Ranee, Charleston, SC
GIN CHAMPION (Radio Shack)

2,224-0 ★•Lee Deueil, Shell Rock, (A
1 ,602-0 «Jimmy Garner, Ft. Worth, TX
1 ,1 20-0 •Kim Johns, Port Cog., British
Columbia

GRANDPRIX CHALLENGE (Diecom Products)

67,710 *H. Dingweil, Litchlield, CT
G ROBOT (Children's Computer Workshop)

9,665 *Wendy Staub, Moundsville, WV
8,090 Curt Lebei, Louisville, KY
HELICOPTER HERO (THE RAINBOW, 3/88)

4,608 *Jerry Anderson, Jacksonville, FL
103 Phil Holsten, Moraga, CA
HITCHHIKER'S GUIDE TO THE GALAXY (infocom)
400/359 ★Roy Grant, Toledo, OH
400/422 Jeff Holtham, Waterloo. Ontario
400/510 Brad Wilson, Lithia Springs, GA
IRON FOREST (Diecom Products)
5,671,500 ★Douglas Paulson, Richfield, ID
Gabriel Riley, Richfield, ID
Charles Boyd, Amarillo, TX
Janet Boyd, Amarillo, TX
Ricky Turkett, Marlow, OK
JOKER POKER (THE RAINBOW, 3/87)
62,067,906 ★Carole Rueckert, Mansfield, OH
21 ,733,284 Jon Fogarty, Yale, Ml
8,179,710 Brenda Kim, Athens, OH
JUNIOR'S REVENGE (Computerware)
2,503,000 ★Stephens Martel, Laval, Quebec
257,600 Keith Cohen, Rocky Mount, NC
JUNKFOOD (THE RAINBOW, 11/84)

535,760 ★Charlie Ginn, Augusta, GA
356,850 Jon Hobson, Plainfield, Wl
18,990 Joel Klein, Indianapolis, IN
KING PEDE (T & D Software)

83,855 *Mike Snyder, Allen, OK
KNOCK OUT (Diecom Products)

472,995 *Frank D'Amato, Brooklyn, NY
1 83,675 Rush Caiey, Port Orchard. WA
KORONIS RIFT (Epyx)

1 88,250 ★Mario Zuvieta, McAllen, TX
186,710 Tony Harbin, Cullman, AL
KUNG-FU DUDE (Sundog Systems)

32,000 *Tony Geitgey, University Park, PA
14,305 David Schulze, San Antonio, TX
12,150 CodyDeegan, Fallon, NV
THE LAIR (Freebooter Software)

1 12,940 ★James Walton, Pittsburgh, PA
LANDER (T&D Software)

780 ★Ari Enkin, Neapen, Ontario
LASER SURGEON: THE MICROSCOPIC
MISSION (Actlvision)

42,767 *Joe Stanley, Harrisburg, IL
LUNAR-ROVER PATROL (Spectral Associates)
45,700 ★Kameron Pence, Little Rock, AR
37,900 Michael Little, Acme Aita, Canada
37,890 Dave Staub, Moundsville. WV

4,088,000
3,173,200
2,676,300
1,376.850

THE RAINBOW April 1989

MARBLE MAZE (Diecom Products)

353,220 *David Boland, Dubuque, IA
30,650 Amber Reynolds, White City,
Saskatchewan

A MAZING WORLD OF MALCOLM MORTAR (Radio Shack)
7,035 *Thomas S. Corbitt III, Yaupon Beach,
NC

6,125 Stephen McJohnathan, Key mar, MD
5,030 Jeanne Henning, Quincy, IL
MEGA-BUG (Radio Shack)

12,000 *Matthew Smith, Courtenay, British

Columbia, Canada
10,044 Douglas Bacon, Middletown, CT
9,309 Alan Kramer, Cooksville, MD !■
MEMOCARDS (THE RAINBOW, 8/87)

3,1 20 *Lise Gagne, St-David, Quebec
1 ,964 Scott Walotkiewicz, Tworivers, Wl
1 ,640 Sara Mittelstaedt, Kief, Wl
MISSION: F-16 ASSAULT (Diecom Products)
565,395 *Tony Bacon, Mt. Vernon, IN
468,750 Karen Jessen, Cleveland, OH
355,570 Stirling Dell, Dundalk, Ontario
MISSION: RUSH'N ASSAULT (Diecom Products)
787,300 *Tony Bacon, Mt. Vernon, IN
361,750 Clay Jones, Wooster, OH
212,500 Kelly Jones, West Salem, OH
195,250 Kelly Jones, West Salem, OH
86,350 Alan Lindabery, Thorndale, PA
MONSTER MAZE (Radio Shack)

52,510 *Chris Kremo, Bethel, CT
12,950 Paul DeVita, Vallejo, CA
ONE-ON-ONE (Radio Shack)

1 ,31 0-0 *• Jon Brocket, Wilmington, OH
1,302-0 •Thomas Payton, Anderson, SC
1,276-0 •Jonathan Dorris, Indianapolis, IN
1,260-0 »Brandon Reece, Chickamauga, GA
1,248-0 •Kevin Hilton, Conway, AZ
OUTHOUSE (MichTron)

534,060 *Kay Foxe, Kansas City, MO
59,641 Sam Zehel, Coal Center, PA
38,640 Dave Staub, Moundsville, WV
PAPER ROUTE (Diecom Products)

248,400 *Cathy E. Kimble, Glendale, AZ
150,560 Heather Hamblen, Bar Harbor, ME
PITFALL II (Activision)
1,568,500 *Sandy Baker, Martin City, Montana
1,519,500 Jim Hammons, Martin City, Montana
1 ,085,500 Tracey Lee Slack, Atwood, Ontario
871,500 Aaron Florence, English, IN
5B6.500 Jonathan Toloski, Torrington, CT
POO VAN (Datasoft)

626,700 *Charles Rene de Cotret, Saint-
Laurent, Quebec
566,850 Lois Crowson, East Alton, IL
POPCORN (Radio Shack)

150,560 *Tom Cherubino. Brooklyn, NY
105,560 Heather Condlt, Grafton, ND
26,889 Claude Jalbert, Matane, Quebec
25,450 Dianne Mozzetti, Pittsburgh, PA
PROSPECTOR (THE RAINBOW, 12/88)
16,100 ★Sara Mittelstaedt, Kiel, Wl
15,150 Cray Augsburg
4,100 Angle Mittelstaedt, Kiel, Wl
4,050 Jutta Kapfhammer
3,550 Lauren Willoughby
PYRAMID 2000 (Radio Shack)

220 *Darren King, Yorkton, Saskatchewan
220 *Mike Snyder, Allen, OK
PYRAMIX (Color Venture)

68,550 *Andy Freeman, Turtle Lake, Wl
67,850 Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY

QUI* (Tom Mix)

8,407,772 *John Haldane, Tempe, AZ
RAD WARRIOR (Epyx)

3,936 *Matthew Smith, Courtenay, British
Columbia
RADIO BALL (Radio Shack)
1,780,870 *Jocelyn Gagne, St-David, Quebec
1,761,030 Eric Mellon, Newark, DE
1,666,670 Lise Gagne, St-David, Qeubec
REACTOID (Radio Shack)

8,055 *Gary Budzak, Westerville, OH
RED WARRIOR (Radio Shack)

5,488 *Scott Godfrey, Nashua, NH
4,164 Roger Ranee, Charleston, SC
4,01 1 Erin Carlton, Charleston, SC
RESCUE ON FRACTALUS (Epyx)
1 ,000,948 *Steven Ujvary, Calgary, Alberta
323,167 Kenneth Hill, Severna Park, MD
RETURN OF JUNIOR'S REVENGE (Coiorware)
1,792,800 *Chad Presley, Luseland,
Saskatchewan

ROGUE (Epyx)

71,833 *Jon Fogarty, Yale, Ml
65,529 Joseph H. Campbell, Norfolk, VA
SAILOR MAN (Tom Mix)

427,700 *Marnie Schalm, Edson, Alberta
231 ,900 Jessica Wilkins, Seymour* TN
231,700 Luis Camino, Lima, Peru
SANDS OF EGYPT (Radio Shack)

67 ^Tristan Terkuc, Richmond, Ontario
82 Edward Rocha, Cobleskill, NY
SAUCER DEFENSE ( THE RAINBOW, 4/87)
95,000 *Kevin Hilton, Conway, AZ
40,000 David Hartmann, Osoyoos, British
Columbia
SHAMUS (Radio Shack)

50,840 *Chris Kremo, Bethel, CT
30,515 Scott Galvao, Tiverton, Rl
SHOOTING GALLERY (Radio Shack)

36,830 ★Patricia Strakey, Littleton, CO
27,270 Jocelyn Hellyer, Montgomery, IL
25,510 Donald Knudson. Minot, ND
SHOOT'N RANGE (THE RAINBOW, 8/87)
55,623 *Paul Robbins, Picayune, MS
14,702 Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY
13,794 Phillip Holsten, Modesto, CA
SILPHEED (Game Arts)

80,603 *Frankie DiGiovanni, Olney, MD
SLAY THE NERIUS (Radio Shack)

73,091 *Jeff Remick, Warren, Ml
65,921 Chris Lucero, Denver, CO
63,476 Chris Kremo, Bethel, CT
21,410 Scott Severtson, Jamestown, NY
SNEAKY SNAKE (THE RAINBOW, 8/87)

102 *Mike Alt, San Juan Capistrano, CA
63 Matthew Smith, Courtenay, British
Columbia
SPACE ASSAULT (Radio Shack)

13,110 *Jeff Remick, Warren, Ml
7,280 Jason Kopp, Downs, IL
6,200 John Weaver, Amsterdam, NY
SPACE INVADERS (Spectral Associates)

3,920 *Ari Enkin, Neapen, Ontario
SPEED RACER (MichTron)

103,120 *Rlcky Turkett, Marlow, OK
97,400 Jeff Morrison, Marlow, OK
96,420 Karen Rimiller, Adams, NY
96,000 Amber Reynolds, White City,
Saskatchewan
SPEEDSTER (THE RAINBOW 8/87)

250,500 *Kevin Hilton, Conway, AZ

SPEEDSTER (continued)

21 1 ,300 Paul Robbins, Picayune, MS
117,080 Bill Millington, Meriden, CT
SPIDERCIDE (Radio Shack)

27,730 *Mike LeBrun, Cornwall, Ontario
SPRINGSTER (Radio Shack)

303,520 *Mavis Hartmann, Osoyoos, British
Columbia

200,670 Denise Root, Thorndale, PA
41,230 Jason Trammel, Murphysboro, IL
STAR BLAZE (Radio Shack)

8,950 *Richard Durksen, Grunthal, Manitoba
6,550 Flint Weller, Swarthmore, PA *Wt
STRATA (THE RAINBOW, 5/88) ^
2,992 *Alan Lindaberry, Thorndale, PA
2,888 Paul Robbins, Picayune, MS Ly
2,768 H. Dingwell, Litchfield, CT -m
SUPER PITFALL (Radio Shack)

1,293,500 *Jimmy Campanella, DuQuoin, IL
TEMPLE OF ROM (Radio Shack)

604,000 *Troy Graham, Arnold, MD
507,700 Adam Broughton, Morris, PA
303,600 Tim Hennon, Highland, IN
THEXDER (Sierra On-Line)
2,033,000 *Frankie DiGiovanni, Olney, MD
1,823,900 Tom Gauwitz, Roanoke, IL
1 ,41 1 ,700 Steve Hallin, Biloxi, MS
TIME BANDIT (MichTron) ,

76.030 *Brent Morgan, Centerville, OH
59,020 Stephanie Morgan, Centerville, OH
TREKBOER (Mark Data) ^
1 23 * Roy Grant, Toledo, OH
132 Matthew Fumich, Munford, TN
TRIG ATTACK (Sugar Software) ^

196,000 *Cassaundra Stewart, Sacramento, CA
TUTS TOMB (THE RAINBOW, 7/88) t-
54,344 ★ Brian Brame, Lakeside, CA 4 4£
53,280 William Currie, Bryans Road, MD
VARLOC (Radio Shack) *M
2,502 *Frank D'Amato, Brooklyn, NY
2,032 Tony Harbin, Cullman, AL
2,032 Edward Rocha, Cobleskill, NY
VICIOUS VIC (THE RAINBOW, 7/86)
18,813 *Talib Khan, Bronx, NY
15,063 John Conley, Everett, WA ^
WILDWESTfTom Mix)

35 *Paul Summers, Orange Park, FL
WISHBR1NGER (Infocom) «

400/201 *Brad Wilson, Lithia Springs, GA
WIZARD'S DEN (Tom Mix) Jbf
593,950 *Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY
425,350 Leif Smedberg, Columbia City, IN J*
195,050 Mark Touchette, Preston, CT
WRESTLE MANIAC (Diecom) ^
956,971 *Marc RBiter, Cincinnati, OH
546,315 Louis Bouchard, Gatineau, Quebec
ZAKSUND (Elite Software)

557,900 *Tom Cherubino, Brooklyn, NY I
357,550 Martin Parada, Arcadia, CA
268,350 Tony Bacon, Mt. Vernon, IN
ZAXXON (Datasoft)
2,061 ,000 *Byron Alford, Raytown, MO
1,950,000 Blake Cadmus, Reading, PA
ZONERUNNER (Radio Shack)

65,535 *Scott Godfrey, Nashua, NH ^
65,535 *Mike Woycheshen, Coqultlam, Brftfsh*^^
Columbia

ZORK l(lnfocom)

350/328 *Kpnnie Grant, Toledo, OH I
350/587 Matthew Yarrows, Easthampton, MA

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 87

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★^

In conjunction with the rainbow's Scoreboard, we offer this bi-monthly
column of pointers for our game-playing readers' benefit. If you have some
interesting hints, tips or responses to questions, or want help yourself, we
encourage you to write to the Scoreboard, c/o the rainbow.

response to questions

•Danielle Ramsey: In Dallas Quest \ once
you are in the cave you must hatch the
eggs over the torch. Be sure to have the
flashlight in your possession or you will
get stuck.

In White Fire of Eternity, how do you
get the pick from the statue's hands?
What is the ring used for?

Michael Duvall
Zanesville, Ohio

•Floyd Kiernan: In a Greek myth, Atlan-
ta's competitor rolled golden apples in
front of Atlanta to distract her. Perhaps
this is your solution in Mythology.

In Koronis Rift, how do I find the
home base of the saucer guardians in Rift
20? "

In Dungeons of Daggorath, what is the
correct incantation for the Supreme ring?

In The Gantelet IJ V how do you pass
the nineteenth level? When I get there, I
am in a room without doors, destructible
or movable walls, teleporters, or passages
out. However, I can see monsters in other
rooms. How do I leave the beginning
room?

Frankie DiGiovanni
Olney, Maryland

it'?

•Duane Whitlock: In Madness and the
Minotaur , to kill the Hydra you must
have either the dagger or the sword.
Then, type STAB HYDRfi and you can
retrieve the rope. You Will probably find
the fourth spell on the second level
(below the level with the pool).

James Stakelin
Cyn thiana, Kentucky

•Floyd Resler: In In Search of the Star
Lord, you will find the circuit board
(microchip) in the laser panel. Don't
forget the wedge.

•Andrea Jenkins: To get out of the tree
in Dallas Quest, open the pouch (ob-
tained from the desk) and give it to the
monkey, then drop the parachute.
•H. James Herchek: In Wishbringer, to
get past the troll, give it the can, but be
sure to get it back again. In Dallas Quest,
in order to leave the trading post, you
must feed the monkey. He will open the

secret door, but you will need a flashlight.
•Angela Aldred: To get past the rats in
Sam Diamond P.L, feed them. But to do
that you will need money to buy food in
the diner.

Dianne Piper
Beloiu Wisconsin

•Chris Franson: In Pyramid, to get the
statue of the bird god, you must first have
the box. Then drop the scepter and get
the statue; Later in the Pharoah's
chamber, to get past the serpent, type
THROW STATUE. It will attack the serpent
and drive it away. Then drop the scepter
and get the statue.

Robert Reed
Albequerque, New Mexico

•John Knight: In Hitchhiker's Guide to
the Galaxy, to open the screening door,
get the real tea (not the substitute), then
go to the screening door and open it.
Drink the tea before you go inside, or else
you will die of immense depression. To
open the hatch you will need to eat the
fruit to discover which topi you'll need.
Then, go to the hatch room and enter the
access space with only the tool in your
possession. Enter the space and wait for
Marvin and give him the tool when he
asks for it.

In One-on-Qne, some interesting facts:
If you press S you will get a shadow of
the ball which will help you rebound. Are
you going to make a fantastic shot? Press
2 for slow motion, press 1 to resume
normal play. Does anyone know how to
do a behind-the-backboard shot or a
three-pointer?

In Wizard's Castle, where is the prin-
cess and how do I free her? The hints are
absolutely no help at all.

Eric Reitz
Mendham, New Jersey

•Chris Franson: In Pyramid, to get the
statue of the bird god, you must first have
the box. Then drop the scepter and get
the statue, Later in the Pharoah's
chamber, to get past the serpent, type
THROW STATUE, It will attack the serpent
and drive it away. Then drop the scepter
and get the statue.

Robert Reed
Albequerque, New Mexico

In The Interbank Incident, where is the
cartridge and the special IBC card?

David Ring
Lyman, Nebraska

In Hall of the King, I've moved the
rubble and covered the rock, but I can't
cross the river.

pctfid Schulze
San Afflgkfo; Texas

In Shenanigans, where is the trap door
in the cave?

Eddy So las
San Antonio, Texas

In Sands of Egypt, how do you get in
the boat drain?

In Dallas Quest, how do you bribe the
parrot into helping you?

Darrel Hoffman
The Colny, Texas

How do you get across the rug in
Raaka-Tul

In Madness and the Minotaur, T can-
not figure out how to get the shield or
how to jump it.

Peter Menning
Albuquerque, New Mexico

In The Castle of Narios, at the sign it
requests that you say the password. What
is the password?

In The Hero of Lonesome Valley, what
is the combination vials for the crystal?

R. Phar

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

To respond to other readers' inquiries
and requests for assistance, reply to
"Scoreboard Pointers,'' c/o THE RAIN-
BOW, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY
40059. We will share your reply with all
"Scoreboard" readers in an upcoming
issue.

For greater convenience, "Scoreboard
Pointers" and requests for assistance may
also be sent to us through the MAIL
section of our Delphi CoCo SIG. From
the CoCo S1G> prompt, pick MAIL,
then type SEND and address to: EDITORS.
Be sure to include your complete name
and address.

**★* *★* ** ********* * * * *

88 THE RAINBOW April 1969

1 Wishing Well

If you have an idea for the " Wishing
Well, " submit it to Fred c/o THE
RAINBOW. Remember, keep your
ideas specific, and don't forget this is
basic. All programs resulting from
your wishes are for your use, but

Last month we examined a pro-
gram that turned your Color
Computer into an easy-to-use
calculator. This month, we will take that
idea one step further by introducing
Time Card, a program to do a task that
few, if any, calculators are designed to
do — add time.

This program is intended as a small-
business utility and is not an educa-
tional program. It can be adapted for
any of the Tandy 1000 line of comput-
ers. (More on that later.)

Pressing Need

Have you ever tried adding time or
figuring out the difference between two

Fred Scerbo is a special needs instructor
for the North Adams Public Schools in
North Adams, Massachusetts. He holds
a master's in education and has pub-
lished some of the first software avail-
able for the Color Computer through
his software firm, Illustrated Memory
Banks.

Measure your life in bits
and bytes

How Much

Time?

By Fred B. Scerbo

Rainbow Contributing Editor

times, such as a starting and finishing
time? If you have, you have noticed it's
different from regular addition and
subtraction, where we are working with
a Base 10 number system. Every tenth
digit clicks over a digit in the next
column. However, time is based on a
Base 60 system. The digit in the minute
column does not click until you have
passed sixty in the seconds column. The
same holds true for hours and minutes.

If we were to add time on a Base 10
system, the following problem would
work out this way:

2:45
+ 3:45

5:90

However, on a Base 60 number system,
the 90 would equal one and a half hours.
Therefore, a one would be carried to the
hour column and 30 minutes would
remain. This is shown in the following
example:

2:45
+ 3:45

6:30

The same holds true when you sub-
tract time. When you borrow from the
hour's column, you borrow 60 minutes,
not 10. Thus the following would be
true:

4:15 = 3:75
- 1:57 - 1:57
2:18

Practical Uses

If you have ever tried to calculate the
hours an employee has worked based on
his or her time card, you know how
frustrating it can be. When do you
round off a period of time? Does eight
minutes equal a full quarter of an hour?
Is seven minutes too little?

Time Card solves this problem by
letting you figure out the differences
between two punched times and total-
ing the accumulated hours. If you want
to have an eight-minute period rounded
to a quarter of an hour, it also does that.

I won't go into the details of how the
program works. Let it suffice that the
subroutines involved translate the time
into Base 60 math. It does all the
necessary borrowing or carrying with-
out losing its accuracy. Since it also
keeps a running total of the hours
worked, it will be a real bonus to any

"Assembly Language Programming for the CoCo" (The Book) and the CoCo 3 (The Addendum).
Professionally produced (not just skimpy technical specifications). THE CoCo reference books.

THE BOOK - 289 pages of teaching
assembly language for the CoCo 1 & 2.
It's used as a school text and is an
intro to Computer Science. It describes
the 6809E instructions, subroutines,
interrupts, stacks, programming
philosophy, and many examples. Also
covered are PIAs, VDG, SAM, kybd,
jystk, sound, serial port, and using
cassette and disk. $18.00 + $1.50 s/h.

THE ADDENDUM - Picks up

where the BOOK left off. Describes
ALL the CoCo 3 enhancements & how
to use them with assembly language.
The most complete GIME spec.
WOW - Super-Res Graphics,
Virtual Memory, New Interrupts,
and more information not available
elsewhere. Find out what the CoCo 3
can really do. $12.00 + $1.00 s/h.

US check or money
order. RI orders
add 6% sales tax

COCO 3 SPECIAL

Start your CoCo
library right.
See what the CoCo

can really do and _ _ ^ ^

save money - buy I tr LU

the BOOK and 68 James Court

ADDENDUM Portsmouth, RI 02871

for only $27.00 +

$2.00 s/h. See Us On DELPHI

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 89

small company or "Mom and Pop"
business.

Using the Program

When you run the program, the title
screen appears. You can advance the
program by answering the following
question: "Round Off (Y/N)?" A
round-off will make any eight-minute
period equal a full fifteen minutes of
work.

The work screen then appears. Enter
the starting time by pressing the digits
required. For example, the time 3:45 is
entered by typing 345. This time ap-

pears on the screen as 3:45. You then
press ENTER to move to the ending time.
If the time entered is four digits, such
as 12:45, do not press ENTER. You also
do not need to worry about a.m. or p.m.
times.

Once the ending time has been en-
tered, the calculation appears as "Time
Elapsed" and "Total Work Time." If
you want to clear the total and start
again, press CLEAR, and the totals revert
to zero. Pressing the space bar adds the
next time to the total time. This way,
you can do a whole week's worth of
calculations for one worker.

Conclusion

That's all there is to it. If you want
to alter this program for the Tandy
1000, be my guest. YouH need to refor-
mat for the screen size, but otherwise
everything else should work. Let me
know what luck you have with it.

Thanks again to those who even now
are sending old CoCos to our special-
needs department. They are put to good
use helping our resource students
throughout the city. Keep sending in
your ideas and suggestions. Next
month, we'll try something new. □

50 88 325 .

140 33 END

265 115

142
219

The Listing TIMECARD

1 REM***************************

2 REM* TIMECARD CALCULATOR *

4 REM* BY FRED B. SCERBO *

5 REM* 60 HARDING AVENUE *

6 REM* NORTH ADAMS, MA 01247 *

7 REM***************************

8 CLEAR1000

9 CLS0

10 PRINTSTRING$(32,188)STRING$(3
2,204) ;

15 FORI=lTO 160 :READ A : PRINTCHR
$(A+128) ; :NEXT

20 PRINTSTRING$(32 / 195)STRING$(3
2,179) ;

2 5 PRINT@358," TIMECARD CALCULAT
OR »■ ;

30 PRINTQ390 , " BY FRED B. SCERB

O »;

35 PRINTQ422 , " COPYRIGHT (C) 198

8 ";

40 DATA94,92,94,92,90,93,88,93,9
2,93,92 ,93 ,88,93,92,92 ,90,21,28,
28,2 6, 30,28, 2 9,20,30,28,29,20,30
,28,29

45 DATA88,80,90, ,88,85, ,85, ,85, ,
85, ,85, ,80,82,21, ,,,26, ,21, ,26,,
21, ,26, ,21

50 DATA, ,90, , ,85, ,85, ,85, ,85, ,85
,92,92,90,21, ,, ,30,28,29, ,30,29,
28, f 26 f i 2 X

55 DATA, ,90, , ,85, ,85, ,85, ,85, ,85
, , ,80,21, , , ,26, ,21, ,26,21,18, ,26
,,21

60 DATA,81,91, , ,87,82,87,82, , ,87
,82,87,83,83,90,21,19,19,26,27,1
6,23,17,27, ,27,17,27,19,23

65 IFINKEY$OCHR$(13)THEN65
70 CLS

75 PRINT§232, "ROUND-OFF (Y/N) ?"

•

80 X$=INKEY$:IFX$=""THEN80
85 IFX$="Y"THENR=1:GOTO100
90 IFX$="N"THENR=0:GOTO100
95 GOTO80
100 A$(4)="00:00"
105 A$ (1) ="00 : 00" : A$ (2) ="00 :00" :
A$(3)="00:00"
110 GOSUB115:GOT0185
115 PRINT @0, "";: PRINT: PRINT
120 PRINTTAB (5) "TIME CLOCK CALCU
LATOR"
125 PRINT
130 PRINTTAB ( 5

"A$(l)
135 PRINT
140 PRINTTAB (5

"A$(2)
145 PRINT
150 PRINTTAB (5

"A$(3)
155 PRINT
160 PRINTTAB (5

"A$(4)
165 PRINT
170 PRINTTAB (5
OR MORE"
175 PRINTTAB (5
RESTART"
180 RETURN

185 REM START CALCULATIONS
190 FORQ=lT02
195 FORt=lT04

200 X$=INKEY$:IFX$=""THEN200

205 IFX$=CHR$(13) AND I=4THEN2 60

210 IFX$=" "THEN105

215 IFX$=CHR$(12)THEN70

220 X=ASC(X$)-48:IFX<0THEN200

225 IFX>9THEN200

230 Z$=Z$+X$

235 IFI=1THENA$(Q)="00:0"+Z$
240 IFI=2THENA$(Q)="00:"+Z$

"STARTING TIME:

"ENDING TIME:

"TIME ELAPSED:

"TOTAL WORK TIME:

"PRESS SPACEBAR F
"PRESS CLEAR FOR

90 THE RAINBOW April 1989

245 IFI=3THENA$ (Q) ="0"+LEFT$ (Z$,

l)+":"+RIGHT$(Z$,2)

250 IFI=4THENA$ (Q) =LEFT$ (Z$ , 2) +"

:"+RIGHT$(Z$,2)

255 G0SUB115:NEXTI

260 Z$= ,MI

265 CH=VAL(MID$(A$(Q) ,4,1) ) : IF C
H=> 6THEN Z $= » " : A$ ( Q ) = n fijj : 00 " : GOS
UB115:GOT0195
270 NEXTQ

275 A(2,2)=VAL(LEFT$(A$(2) ,2) ) :A

(2,1)=VAL(RIGHT$(A$(2) ,2) )

280 A(1,2)=VAL(LEFT$(A$(1) ,2) ) :A

(1,1)=VAL(RIGHT$(A$(1) ,2) )

285 IFA(2,1)<A(1,1)THEN A(2,1)=A

(2.1) +60:A(2,2)=A(2,2)-1
290 A(3,1)=A(2,1)-A(1,1)
295 IF R=0THEN320

300 IF A(3,l)=>8 AND A(3,l)<15
THEN A (3,1) =15

305 IF A(3,l)=>23 AND A(3,l)<30
THEN A(3,l)=30

310 IF A(3,l)=>38 AND A(3,l)<45
THEN A(3,l)=45

315 IF A(3,l)=>53 AND A(3,l)<60
THEN A(3,l)=j3:A(2,2)=A(2,2)+l
320 IFA(2,2)<A(1,2)THEN A(2,2)=A

(2.2) +12

325 A(3,2)=A(2,2)-A(1,2)
330 C$=STR$(A(3,2) ) :IF LEN(C$)=2
THEN C$="0"+RIGHT$(C$,1) ELSE C
$=RIGHT$(C$,2)

335 D$=STR$(A(3,1) ) :IF LEN(D$)=2
THEN D$="0"+RIGHT$ (D$,l) ELSE D
$=RIGHT$(D$,2)
340 A$ (3)=C$+" : "+D$
345 GOSUB115

350 C(1)=VAL(C$) :D(1)=VAL(D$)

355 C(2)=VAL(LEFT$(A$(4) ,2) ) :D(2

)=VAL(RIGHT$(A$(4) ,2) )

360 D(3)=D(1)+D(2) : IF D(3)=>60 T

HEN D(3)=D(3)-60:C(1)=C(1)+1

365 C(3)=C(1)+C(2)

370 C$=STR$(C(3) ) :IFLEN(C$)=2 TH

EN C$="0"+RIGHT$(C$, 1) ELSE C$=R

IGHT$(C$,2)

375 D$=STR$ (D(3) ) :IFLEN(D$)=2 TH

EN D$="0"+RIGHT$(D$,1) ELSE D$=R

IGHT$(D$,2)

380 A$(4)=C$+":»+D$

385 GOStjB115

390 X$=INKEY$:IFX$=""THEN390
395 IFX$=" "THEN105
400 IFX$=CHR$(12)THEN70
405 GOTO390
410 GOTO410

1988 COCO FEDERAL TAX

BY PURITAS SPRINGS SOFTWARE

In his review of last year's edition, Ted Paul wrote: "This is an excellent program and
manual and I was In awe when the mall carrier handed me this huge bundle." CoCo
ClipBoard Magazine, Mar/Apr 1 988

"100+ page manual 'For the 64K CoCo 1 2 or 3 w/1 Disk Drive, 'machine language
user interlace *3 diskettes 'menu driven, 'loads & saves files to disk, 'prints to screen
or prepares forms acceptable to IRS, 'easy to use format follows IRS lorms.
'built-in calculator, 'self-checking for common errors and ommisions.
'complete directory system for easy editing, 'disk directory lunction, 'Price • $49.95

Form 1040
Schedule C
Schedule SE
Form 8615
Social Security

Schedule A
Schedule D
Form 2441
State/Local Tax
IRA

Schedule B
Schedule E
Form 4562
Pension/Annuity
And More

IRONSIDES & CRIMSON SAILS

softWAR Technologies

A two player naval game for the 51 2K CoCo running OS9 Level 2. It utilizes the
640x192 high resolution screen for brilliant graphic displays. It comes on a single
diskette which contains 5 different naval battles, therefore. I&CS is really 5 completely
separate games in one. Different game maps with different set-ups requiring different
aspects of play, l&CS also has a game save or load feature, In addition to the master
game system disk. 5 other collections each containing 8 other individual battle simula-
tions are available.

I&CS is offered at a special rate of only P8.95. Reviewer Ted Paul called it "a steal
at this price ... one of the most interesting programs I've seen from a third party
vendor ... a fine example of what third party vendors can produce to take advan-
tage of the CoCo's graphics abilities in conjunction with the OS9 Operating
System." Computer Shopper, 11/88

Puritas Springs Software/softWAR Technologies
Ameritrust Building
17140 Lorain Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 441 1 1
(216) 251-8085

□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□

When Tandy introduced OS-9 Level 2.
you bought it. Now, no more excuses.

START

An Enjoyable. Hands-On Guide To OS-9 Level 2
On The Color Compuer 3
$32.95 + $2.50 P&H. US funds
Includes disk. Over 280 pages of lessons, essays & tips.
Requires 2 drives, 512K, 80-column monitor.

Turbocharge your OS-9 system!

THE GOLDBERG
UTILITIES

Power-packed disk with tutorial- style documentation!

Save disk space (Pk)QFind lost files (Grep)QCopy
multiple files (Zcopy)QSort long lists (Sort)Qclear
screen with ease (Cls)QConvert between hex, decimal,
and binary (Val)Q FIFTEEN COMMANDS IN ALL!

$24.95 + $2.50 S&H.

Kenneth-Leigh Enterprises

1840 Biltmore Street NW Suite 10
Washington DC 20009 202/232-4246
Personal check & money order welcome.

□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 91

Doctor ASC Ii

Speedier Operations

i| / would like to know if the Co Co 3
^ always operates at the faster clock
j speed of 2 MHz during BASIC pro-
grams, machine language programs or
just a normal listing of a directory on
a screen. Is there a command that is
used in BASIC and ML programs that
makes the Co Co operate at the faster
speed? I have the older disk controller
catalog (Cat.#26-3029). Will this con-
troller allow the computer to operate at
the faster speed for disk input /output?
I also have the Multi-Pak interface that
is not upgraded with the new PAL chip.
By the way t everything seems to work
fine without the PAL chip upgrade.

Edward G. Stroh
Thornton, Illinois

y) The CoCo 3 on boot-up to Disk
Color BASIC runs at 1 MHz. To
switch it into 2-MHz operation, type
POKE 65497,0. OS-9 Level II has this
poke embedded in the machine lan-
guage that boots it up. The CoCo 1 disk
controllers required 12 volts in addition
to the 5 volts supplied on the expansion
connector by the CoCo 2 and CoCo 3.
These controllers have proven unrelia-
ble at 2 MHz.

An Unbootable Disk

H / have a CoCo 3 with double-sided
jiii drive as jdO and jd2 and a single-
& sided drive as Drive 1. I just bought
OS-9 Level II, followed the directions
in the Radio Shack manual and The
Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9
Level II and used Conf ig to enable my
double-sided drive. I wound up with an
unbootable disk. Where did I go wrong?

Wayne B. Sylyis
Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania

O One possibility is that your
jC double-sided drive is hardware-
configured to act as two single-sided
drives. If this is true, you need to disable
this hardware patch for true two-sided
operation in OS-9 Level II. On the
"Down-Under" controllers, formerly

Richard Esposito is the principal engi-
neer for BDM Corporation. He holds
bachelor's, master's and doctorate
degrees from Polytechnic Institute of
Brooklyn. He has been writing about
microcomputers since 1980.

Richard Libra is a simulator test
operator for Singer Link Simulation
Systems Division.

By Richard £. Esposito
Rainbow Contributing Editor
with Richard W. Libra

sold by J&R, the hardware patch con-
sisted of a jumper wire connecting two
lands on the edge connector. Removing
the jumper wire disabled the patch on
it. Your controller may have a similar
patch wire.

3VHnch Floppies

What hardware /software do I need
to use a 3V2~inch floppy drive with
my CoCo?

Leon Price
Manchester, Connecticut

A S^-inch floppy is electrically
/L equivalent to a 514-inch one. The
only real problem is transferring soft-
ware to the smaller media since the
CoCo standard is still 5!4-inch media.

The Mind-Boggling Joystick

I have a CoCo 3 that has developed
a problem I can't figure out. Re-
cently, in the middle of a game (any
game) my Deluxe Joystick ceases to
fire. The left /right, up /down works
fine, but there is no action on the fire
button of either joystick. However,
when I replace them with my little
"cheapie" that I got originally, the fire
button works fine. I cannot believe that
the fire button on both joysticks would
pick the exact same moment to quit.
Often, when the computer's been off for
awhile, the Deluxe Joystick works
again. Any ideas? By the way, I am

using RGB Patch for a CM-8 before
loading the game.

Garth V. Hunt
Campbellville, Ontario

1? Since the machine works fine with
/L the "cheapie" joysticks, your com-
puter is probably OK. If one of your
joysticks has its fire button shorted or
stuck in the pressed position, it could
affect the operation of the other one. Fd
check the joystick's wiring for a short
and check the fire button for proper
operation with a voltmeter.

Compatible Drivers

Max- 10 by Colorware does not sup-
port the DMP-I00. I have a printer
driver for CoCo Max II that will
drive the DMP-I00 on my CoCo 3. Are
the drivers on my CoCo Max II com-
patible with the drivers on the CoCo
Max 3 and Max-10?

Robert L. Johnson
New- Orleans

1? No, the newer software uses the
/L super Hi-Res graphics screens of
the CoCo 3 while your old drivers access
the older PMODE display.

True Lowercase

Recently, I bought an old Line Print-
er VII (Radio Shack Cat. #26-1167)
from a friend. For the most part, it
works fine except it won 't print what I
like to call "hung lowercase letters
(examples — g,j,p, q> andy). Normally,
I would expect these lowercase letters to
be printed halfway below the line. Is this
normal? The service manual doesn't
say. If this is normal, and I suspect it
is, is there any way to fix it or is there
a company I can send it to for repairs?

Wesley Evans
Denver

I? Fortunately (or unfortunately),
/C there is nothing wrong with your
printer. These older 7-pin printers do
not support lowercase descenders,
which were introduced with the 9-pin
variety.

DEFUSR, CHROUT and CSRDON

I have two questions, both relating to
information (or lack thereof) given in
the CoCo 3 Extended BASIC manual.
I am not clear on how the DEFUSR
command operates. When data is
passed from BASIC to the ML subrou-
tine, what register or address does it go

THE RAINBOW April 1989

Dr. Preble's Programs

Since 1983

Pyramix

This fascinating CoCo 3 game continues
to be one of our best sellers. Pyramix is
100% machine language written
exclusively to take advantage of all the
power in your 128K CoCo 3. The Colors
are brilliant, the graphics sharp, the
action fast. Written by Jordan Tsvetkoff
and a product of ColorVenture.

The Freedom Series

Vocal Freedom

I've got to admit, this is one nifty
computer program. Vocal freedom turns
your computer into a digital voice
recorder. The optional Hacker's Pac lets
you incorporate voices or sounds that you
record into your own BASIC or ML
programs. This is not a synthesizer.
Sounds are digitized directly into
computer memory so that voices or
sound effects sound very natural. One
"off-the-shelf" application for Vocal
Freedom is an automatic message minder.
Record a message for your family into
memory. Set Vocal Freedom on
automatic. When Vocal Freedom "hears"
any noise in the room, it plays the pre-
recorded message! Disk operations are
supported. VF also tests memory to take
advantage of from 64K up to a full
512K. Requires low cost amplifier (RS
cat. *277-1008) and any microphone.

Mental Freedom

Would your friends be impressed if your
computer could read their minds? Mental
Freedom uses the techniques of
Biofeedback to control video game action
on the screen. Telekinesis? Yes, you
control the action with your thoughts and
emotions. And, oh yes. it talks in a
perfectly natural voice without using a

speech synthesizer! Requires Radio
Shack's low cost Biofeedback monitor,
Cat. *63-675.

BASIC Freedom

Do you ever type in BASIC programs,
manually? If you do, you know it can
be a real chore. Basic Freedom changes
all that. It gives you a fall screen editor
just like a word processor, but for
BASIC programs. Once loaded in. it is
always on-line. It hides invisibly until
you call it forth with a single keypress!
This program is a must for programers
or anyone who types in programs. By
Chris Babcock and a product of
ColorVenture.

Lightning Series

These three utilities give real power to
your CoCo 3.

Ramdisk Lightning

This is the best Ramdisk available. It
lets you have up to 4 mechanical disk
drives and 2 Ram drives on-line and is
fully compatible with our printer spooler

below.

Printer Lightning

High capacity print spooler for CoCo 3.

Load it and forget it--except for the
versatility it gives you. Never wait for
your printer again! Printer runs at high
speed while you continue to work at the
keyboard! Will operate with any printer
you have already hooked to your CoCo.

Backup Lightning

This utility requires 512K. Reads your
master disk once and then makes
superfast multiple disk backups on all
your drives! No need to format blank
disks first! Supports 35. 40 or 80 track
drives.

COCO Bra We

Produce standard grade 2 Braille on a
Brother daisy wheel printer. Easy to use
for sighted or blind user. No knowledge
of Braille is necessary. Call for free
sample. The raised dots produced are
easily touch readable by the blind. The
print-to-braille algorithm is robust with

errors rarely being made—and, it hat the
ability to learn!

Prices

CoCo 3 only

Mam Disk Lightning. Disk**. $19.95

Printer Lightning Disk $19.95

Backnp Lightning. Disk $19.95

Aii three. Disk., $49.95

Pyramix. Disk.. $24.95

CoCo 1,2, or 3

Vocai freedom. Disk $34.95

Vocai freedom Hackers Pac $14.95

COCO Braille $69.95

CoCo 2 or 3 only

Mental freedom Disk. $24.95

Basic freedom. Disk $24.95

CoCo 1 or 2 only

VDOS. The Undisk. a menu operated
ramdisk for the CoCo 1 or 2. LOAD.
SAVE, KILL, DIRECTORY , are all
supported. Tape .$24.95

VDUMP. backup Undisk files to single
tape file. Tape $14.95

TPMlrVr. Print Undisk directory.
Tape $9.95

We Ship FAST!

Add $2.50 shipping/handling
in USA or CANADA
Add $5.00 to ship to other
countries

Dr. Preble's Programs
6540 Outer Loop
Louisville, KY 40228
24 Hour Order Line

Visa. MasterCard, COD, Check

(502) 969-1818

to? Are the ROM routines as listed on
pages 315 to 317 correct and complete
as they stand? I have tried to use the
CHROUT(%4002J and the C5RDQH($A004)
subroutines without success. The
CSRDDN subroutine is particularly baf-
fling because the entry condition is
specified as "none/* Yet according to
my ROM dump, $A004 contains $A7,
which is a STfl code. How can this be?
Is the book off or am I? I have an
IMC6809 data sheet that I've used to
write simple machine language pro-
grams, so I am knowledgeable to that
extent.

Charles M. Kay
Cheraw, South Carolina

The information in the BASIC
/C manual is sketchy at best. When
data is passed as an argument for one
of the USRn ( VALUE ) functions, a value in
the range -32768 to 32767 (16 bits) can
be passed to the 6809E's S stack as an
argument. A JSR $B3ED instruction can
be used to retrieve this value from the
S stack to the D register. The ROM
routines in the BASIC manual list the
indirect addresses. For example, to use
the CHROUT routine (similar in function
to INKEVS in BASIC), you use the instruc-
tion JSR [SF1002]. In my CoCo 3, this
statement is logically equivalent to JSR
$A2B2 (note the absence of the square
brackets in this case). In both cases, the
CHROUT routine takes the character in
the A register and puts it to the screen.
With regard to CSRDON, if you look at
addresses $A004 and $A005,you will
discover that the "real" or direct address
is $A77C. The reason for specification
of these routines via indirect addresses
is that it gives Tandy and Microsoft the
flexibility to alter ROM routine entry
points in different versions of ROMs
without causing assembly language
programmers the anxiety of having to
alter code written for previous ROM
versions.

Terminal Trouble

I own a CoCo 3, Multi-Pak, 2 drives,
CM-8 monitor, two printers and an
RS-232 Pak. Therein lies the prob-
lem; I like the ability to use a modem
and a printer at the same time. How-
ever, the 32-character screen width used
by the RS-232 Pak is less than adequate
for most host systems, especially with
the 40- and 80-character screen availa-
ble with the CoCo 3 software. Is there
communications software available
that will utilize the 40- and 80-character
screens and the RS-232 's hardware
while bypassing its software, or is there

a way to burn a software package into
an EPROM and replace the Pak's
software chip? I have also had a prob-
lem while attempting to download using
the Pak. Most BBSs I have used require
a carriage return to start the download.
However, when I set the Pak for down-
loading and hit the BREAK key, lean no
longer give the host it's carriage return.
Can you suggest a solution?

Kerry L. Moline
Denver

Three Shareware programs that
/C can accomplish your desires are
Mikeyterm, Greg-E-Term, and Rickey-
Term. All are available for $10 each
from their authors. The authors' ad-
dresses are:

Michael D. Ward
1 807 Cortez
Coral Gables, FL 33134

Greg Miller
9575 Roston Road
Grandledge, MI 48837

Rick Adams
712 Brett Ave.
Rohnert Park, CA 94928

Two- Way Commmunications

I have a CoCo 3 with 512K, 1 DSDD
drive, CM-8 monitor, a CGP-220
printer, OS-9, and Multi-Vue. I also
own an Amiga 500 with a VT100 em-
ulation package. This setup works well
and I have used it successfully with
many host systems. My problem is that
I cannot receive characters through the
RS-232 's port from the Amiga; the
moment I type tsmon /tl my CoCo
aborts and responds to nothing except
the CLEAR key, which still changes me
between windows (if I have any open),
lean output data at any speed (300-9600
baud) with no problem by typing dir /
tl. This works fine at any speed, but I
read in The Complete Rainbow Guide
to OS-9 that the terminals accessing
OS-9 through the internal RS-232 port
should have a baud of 300. 1 have tried
it at 300 baud but it still doesn 't work.
If I type buiid afile </tl, the CoCo
also stops. Also, when the CoCo stops,
even on the previous command where
only the input is redirected, periods are
sent out the RS-232 and are displayed
on the Amiga screen. All the above still
happens even if I have no cable con-
nected to the CoCo's RS-232 port. I
have also tried this on my brother's
CoCo 3 (128 K) with the rest of the
system configuration the same, with the

same results. Is there a problem with my
hardware setup or the serial driver, or
what? Also, I purchased Multi-Vue
because it is advertised to be used to
create user-friendly interfaces for your
developed programs. After opening the
package, however, I find that this is not
the case. I find that there are no tools
for creating icons. Can you suggest a
way lean create my own "user-friendly
interface icons?

Walter Zambotti
Perth, Australia

Tj The current CoCo 3 version
A X (2.0 LOO) of OS-9 as distributed by
Tandy does not support two-way com-
munication over /tl. Two-way com-
munication requires /t2 and a RS-232
Pak. It is possible to write a graphical
icon editor in C, BASIC09 or assembly
language; two have appeared on Del-
phi. If you have a file-zapping program
such as the Level I Debug, you can use
it to modify copies of the provided
icons, hence defining your own.

Monitor Connections

/ own a CoCo 3 and I would like to
connect it to a composite monitor. It
was used with my IBM PC, for which
I now have an EGA monitor. Is there
a way to do that?

Robert Dagenais
Quebec

A composite video monitor usu-
/L ally has one or two phono-jack
inputs, one for composite video and
possibly a second for audio. The CoCo
3 has corresponding jacks on its back so
a patch cord of the type normally used
to connect VCRs is all you need.

For a quicker response, your
questions may also be submitted
through rainbow's CoCo SIG
on Delphi. From the CoCo
SIG> prompt, pick RAINBOW
Magazine Services, then, at the
RAINBOW> prompt, type ASK
for "Ask the Experts" to arrive
at the EXPERTS> prompt,
where you can select the "Doctor
ASCII" online form which has
complete instructions.

94 THE RAINBOW April 1989

DIGISECTOR

DS-69B

» VIDEO

DIGITIZER
FOR THE

COCO 3

(AND ALL OTHER COCOS . . .)

COCO 3 SCREEN

USE YOUR COCO 3 TO ITS FULL POTENTIAL!

Use The Micro Works' DIGISECTOR™ DS-69 or
DS-69B and your COCO 3's high resolution graphics
to capture and display television pictures from your
VCR or video camera. The DIGISECTOR™ systems are
the only COCO video digitizers available that
accurately capture and reproduce the subtle shades of
gray in TV pictures!

• COLOR: Add color to your screen for dramatic

special effects.

• HIGH RESOLUTION: 256 by 256 spatial resolution.

• PRECISION: 64 levels of grey scale.

• SPEED! 8 images per second on DS-69B,

2 images per second DS-69.

• COMPACTNESS: Self contained in a plug-in

Rompack.

• EASY TO USE: Software on disk will get you up and

running fast!

• COMPATIBLE: Use with a black and white or color

camera, a VCR or tuner.

• INEXPENSIVE: Our low price puts this within

everyone's reach.

POWERFUL C-SEE 3.3 SOFTWARE

This menu-driven software
will provide 5 and 16 shades
of gray to the screen and to
the printer with simple
joystick control of
brightness and contrast.
Pictures taken by the
DIGISECTOR™ may be
saved on disk by C-SEE 3.3
and then edited by our
optional MAGIGRAPH, or by COCO MAX or
GRAPHICOM. This versatile new software is included
in both DIGISECTORS™

DS-69B and C-SEE 3.3
DS-69 and C-SEE 3.3

$149.95
$ 99.95

ITM

TRADE IN YOUR OLD DIGISECTOR

If you already have one of The Micro Works' DS-69 or
DS-69A DIGISECTORS™, you may return it to us and
we will upgrade your unit to a DS-69B.

UPGRADE DS-69A to DS-69B
UPGRADE DS-69 to DS-69B

$49.95
$69.95

The DS-69B comes with a one year warranty. Cameras
and other accessories are available from The Micro
Works. DS-88 version available for IBM PC.

NO RISK GUARANTEE

If you are not completely satisfied with the performance of your new
DS-69B, you may return it, undamaged, within ten days for a full
refund of the purchase price. We'll even pay the return shipping. If
you can get any of our competitors to give you the same guarantee,
buy both and return the one you don't like. We know which one
you'll keep.

Purveyors of Fine Video Digitizers Since 1977.

Terms: Visa, Mastercard, Check or C.O.D.

P.O. Box 1110 Del Mar, CA 92014 (619)942-2400

Turn of the Screw

This is the end of our project.
Remember, though, we've just
touched the surface of CoCo's
abilities. You can go beyond this simple
project — the possibilities are endless.
This time Til show you how to connect
a few more inputs. To do this, well delve
into the world of optics — light. We can
use light to monitor time or trespassers
(i.e., determine when it grows dark
outside or when someone walks into the
light).

Let's start with some electronic the-
ory. Look at Figure 1. Ql is a symbol
for a photo transistor. This one is an
NPN. (The N stands for Negative and
the P for Positive.) A transistor has
three pins — a base, a collector and an
emitter. Figure 2 shows a typical NPN
transistor switching circuit. I use the
term switching because we use it as a
simple transistor switch. A simple
switch is an SPST (Single-Pole, Single-
Throw). The two contacts are the col-
lector and the emitter. Current can only
flow from the collector, through the
transistor, to the emitter. Examine the
circuit in Figure 2. If Point A were
connected to ground, there would be no
base current flowing from the base of
the transistor to the emitter. This causes
a high impedance between the collector
and the emitter of the transistor (no
collector-emitter current). The voltage
at Point B would be about the same as

vcc.

We'll introduce a base current by
raising Point A to VCC. Current will
now flow through Resistor R5 and the
transistor base and out the emitter,
which causes the transistor to conduct.
The impedance of the collector-emitter
will lower, and current will flow from
the collector to the emitter. When this
happens, the voltage at Point B lowers
as well. If there were enough current
flow through the transistor, the voltage
at B would drop to 0 volts. The amount
of collector current depends on the
amount of base current and the gain of
the transistor. The gain of a transistor
is the amplification factor.

The transistors and opto-isolators we
will use work in the saturation mode,

Tony DiStefano is a well-known early
specialist in computer hardware proj-
ects. He lives in Laval Ouest, Quebec.
Tony 's username on Delphi is DISTO.

Light detectors really
brighten this final

modification

Lights
Out!

By Tony DiStefano

Rainbow Contributing Editor

where we design the transistor to be
either fully on or fully off. Look at
Figure 2 again. When you ground Point
A (no base flow), point B is high. When
you make Point A high (when base
current flows), Point B is low.

Now that we understand the switch-
ing transistor, let's look at the photo
transistor. The photo transistor is like
a regular transistor. It has two pins and
a window. The two pins are the collector
and the emitter, and the window is like
the base of a regular transistor. Exam-
ine the circuit surrounding Ql. It looks
like the transistor circuit in Figure 2 but
has a window instead of a base circuit.
This window acts like the base circuit
but uses light instead of current. When
there is no light in the window, there is
no base current; when there's no base
current, there's no collector current.
The point at which the photo transistor
and resistor meet is high. When there is
light, that same point is low. We now
have a light-activated switch.

The output of this light switch is
connected to Pin 2 of U6 (one of eight
inputs of a 74LS244). The circuit in
Figure 1 is similar to the circuits in the
previous three parts. I just deleted a few
ICs to make room for the new circuits.
U2 is the same; I just added another
74LS244 chip to Pin 9. The software
created in the previous parts of this
project is also the same. However,
today's additions will use different
addresses.

Now that we have the photo transmit-
ter, we need an opto-isolator. An opto-
isolator is a photo transistor and an
LED (Light Emitting Diode) together
in one package. As the name implies,
this device is used to isolate an incoming
signal. This device is used in many
places. The most common is in televi-
sions with separate video and audio
inputs. In today's TVs, there are no line-
voltage transformers. Therefore, many
components inside a modern TV can
have the potential of 117 volts. This is
dangerous and can shock you. Any
connection made to the TV is made
using isolators similar to the one used
here. Electrical signals are converted to
light signals by an LED and are re-
turned to electrical signals by a photo
transistor.

As in all TVs, my circuit is powered
by a separate supply. This supply has to
be isolated from the 117-volt AC via a
transformer. The circuit surrounding
ISOl in Figure 1 is used in places
requiring isolation. It is just a switch
(SW1) isolated from the rest of the
Color Computer. This switch can be
used outside or over long distances of
wire without the worry that static
electricity or lightning will damage the
CoCo. The DC adapter is a standard
toy adapter found almost anywhere. If
you use more than one opto-isolator,
you can use the same adapter. I used a
IK resistor in R3, but this resister may
be a different value, depending on the
maximum current for the LED inside
the opto-isolator and the voltage of the
adapter. To calculate the resistor value,
use the equation R = V/I. In this equa-
tion, R is the value of the resistor
needed; V is the voltage of the adapter;
and I is the current needed to turn on
the LED. You will get this value from
the specs on the opto-isolator. When the
isolator is wired up, close the switch.
This causes current to flow through the
LED, which in turn activates the photo
transistor. When on, the output is low.
When the switch is open, the LED is off
and the output is high.

There are many photo transistors and
opto-isolators on today's market, and
they all work the same. You may have
to change the values of resistors to
match the different types, but youll
need only a volt meter to make sure it's
running right. A wide variety of transis-
tors and isolators are on the market;
pick one for yourself. They come in

96 THE RAINBOW April 1989

IS.

1 4

12L

QSl

is:

■23

r %

A
8

G2A

G28

74LS138

;i a

fit

7
8~

is:

TJT

01
D2
□3
□4
□S
□6
D7
□8

1 1

□5

□8

>CLK
CLR

74LS273

12.

SEE TEXT

±9_

1 8

1 Y1
1 Y2
1 Y3
1 Y4
2Y1
2Y2
2Y3
2Y4

1 A1
1 A2
1 A3
1 A4
2A1
2A2
2A3
2A4

VD1

1 6

1 4

11 ;

-f-

1| '

17"

1 G
2G

74LS244

SEE
TEXT

fit

\Q1

1A.

1 Y1
1 Y2
1 Y3
1 Y4
2Y1
2Y2
2Y3
2Y4

1 A1
1 A2
1 A3
1 A4
2A1
2A2
2A3
2A4

1G
2G

74LS244

<1S53 33 -

vcc

#UF 10 V

sV>V.V/^ .-V - V- i^^fc^fc

R1
1 OK

PHOTO

NPN

vcc

R2
1 OK

OC ADAPTER
3 to 14 V

SW1

R3
1 K

SOT . ,
OPTO ISOLATOR

SW SPST

-•> -'--> 1'..

Figure l:The Circuit Board

different shapes and sizes. Some have
built-in lenses or tubes. Some can be
mounted on doors or motors, and some
come with reflective mirrors. Choose
the one you need or want to try. There
is an entire series of infrared photo
transistors and LEDs. You can build a
gadget and write software that reads
your television's remote control and
duplicates it, so your computer controls
your television or VCR. Wire your
house for security. You can use a couple
of IR pairs and have two CoCos talk to
each other without wires — your imag-
ination is the only limit.

Now we need only to create the
software. Since we are still using the
same SCS pin on the CoCo, the ad-
dressing area remains from SFF40 to
SFF5F. U6 is a read-only device, so only
the PEEK command will work in BASIC.
If it is connected to Y6 of U2, U6 is
located at SFF42. The same software
that read the other locations works
here. The same condition applies with
the bit positions. In Figure 1, Ql is
connected to DO, and ISOl is connected
to Dl. Mix and match these inputs as
you like. If eight inputs are not enough,
you can use another 74LS244 and get

vcc

RESISTOR

AAA

RES I STOR

Col 1 eotor

Q2
NPN

Em I ttar

Typical NPN Transistor

C I rou I t

Figure #2

Figure 2: Typical NPN
Transistor Circuit

another eight inputs. With U2, you can
have 32 (4 x 8) inputs and 32 (4 x 8)
outputs. If you need more, add another
74LS138 and an inverter.

Constructing the project is simple —
just add to the existing board. Add
more sockets and chips as you need
them. Many electronics stores carry
photo transistors and opto-isolators.
Radio Shack stores have a limited
selection.

In Part 1 of this project, I told you
to keep things neat and tight, and this
is why. If you have many wires coming
off the board, look into a multiwire
connector. It helps prevent wires from
breaking when you turn the board
upside down to work on it. You may
want to start again. Design your own
circuit to suit your needs. With the
experience you now have, you can make
it the perfect size. If you are having
trouble reading the photo transistors,
use a volt meter to measure the output.
Make sure the voltage on the collector
is at least 3 volts when no light shines
on them and no more than .5 volts when
there is light. If this is not the case, use
a different value resistor between the
collector and the VCC. ^

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 97

Edueatlon-Wotes

This month's article presents a com-
puterized dictionary skill. It is especially
useful to young students who need to
look up spelling and definitions for long
lists of vocabulary words.

One learning trick that I have often
taught to students is to "Break It Up!."
It applies in this case by dividing the
dictionary into four sections, each of
similar length. We have found that in
the majority of dictionaries, the four
quarters break up in the following
order:

Words beginning with letters A-C.
Words beginning with letters D-L
Words beginning with letters M-R
Words beginning with letters S-Z

Locating words is accomplished
more quickly if the child first decides in
which of the above dictionary parts an
individual word is contained.

To reinforce this concept, create a
game with the child or class of students.

Steve Blyn teaches both exceptional
and gifted children, holds two master's
degrees and has won awards for the
design of programs to aid the handi-
capped. He owns Computer Island and
lives in Staten Island \ New York.

A dictionary skills
program

Break
It Up

By Steve Blyn

Rainbow Contributing Editor

Place a list of words on the chalkboard
or on a piece of paper, then, have
students indicate next to each word
whether it would be found in the first,
second, third or fourth part of the
dictionary. They may find it easiest to
just choose and write a number from
one to four.
This game is contained in the pro-

gram that follows. We have selected 25
practice words. These are contained in
the data lines at the end of the program.
The program will be more meaningful
to the children if either they or you
chose the words. Spelling, social studies
or science lists are also possibilities.

You are not limited to 25 words. This
is, however, a logical number to begin
with for the purpose of playing a game.
You may change the amount of words
in the data lines to any amount you
desire. It is important to change the
number of Variable L at the beginning
of the program on Line 30 to match the
number of words that you include.
Variable L alerts the computer to the
number of data items to be read and
used throughout the program.

Another programming technique
that needs explanation is the routine
contained in lines 90 to 1 10. This proce-
dure is necessary to insure that the
words do not repeat in any group of 10
randomly selected words. A similar
routine is in most of our commercially
sold programs.

Please feel free to alter the program
to suit your students' needs. We, at
Computer Island, are always happy to
hear of your uses and successes with our
programs.

The listing: DICTNRRY

10 REM "BREAK-IT-UP! DICTIONARY
SKILL"

20 REM" STEVE BLYN , COMPUTER ISLAN
D , STATEN ISLAND, NY, 1989"
30 L=25:Z=RND (-TIMER)
40 DIM A$(L)

50 FOR W=l TO L:READ A$ (W) :NEXT
W

60 CLS0 : PRINTS 9 / "BREAK IT UP!"
•

70 R=RND(L)

80 C=C+1:IF C>1J3 THEN 230

90 A$=A$(R)

100 A$(R)=A$(L)

110 L=L-1

120 B$=LEFT$(A$,1)

130 B=ASC(B$)

140 IF B<68 THEN D=l

150 IF B>67 AND B<77 THEN D=2

160 IF B>76 AND B<83 THEN D=3

170 IF B>82 THEN D=4

180 PRINT@32*C+64 , C; " . " ; A$ ,"1,2,

3 OR 4 ";

190 PRINT@32*C+91,""; : INPUT E
200 IF E=D THEN PLAY"L100CDEFGGG

": J=J+1

210 IF EOD THEN PLAY"L4C#" : PRIN

T@32*C+91,D

220 RESTORE: GOTO 70

230 FOR T=l TO 3 : PLAY"L50GFEDCCC

11 : NEXT T

240 PRINT© 4 5 5, "YOUR SCORE IS ";J

*10;"%" ;

250 EN$=INKEY$

260 IF EN$="E" THEN END

270 IF EN$=CHR$(13) THEN RUN

280 GOTO 250

290 DATA ALGAE, AMEBA, BACILLI ,BAC
TERIA, CELLS

300 DATA DISEASE, DRUG, ECOLOGY, FL
OWERS, GENES

310 DATA HABIT , IMAGE , LARVA , MAMMA
L, NEURON

320 DATA NUCLEUS, ORGAN PEPSIN, RE
FLEX, SALIVA

330 DATA SEPALS, THEORY, VEIN ,XYLE
M, YEAST

98 THE RAINBOW April 1989

5 sure steps to a fast start

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The excitement continues!

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to escape a hostile military installation, try to stop the Nazi plan to invade Great Britain, or manage to reinstate
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The Park of Mystery — You overhear a gang of robbers
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Superspy — You awaken from a horrifying nightmare
of chases, inexplicable scenery changes and sickening
freefalls into space. Or was it a dream? You be the judge
— and determine your own fate!

Term Paper — A real nightmare: Someone's stolen your
freshman midterm paper and hidden its pages all over
CoCo State's campus. Are you smart enough to find
them before you miss the due date and flunk the
course?

House Adventure — Try to find your way out of a
mysterious abandoned house that keeps sprouting new
rooms just as you think you've found an exit.

Life: An Everyday Adventure — Just getting up in the
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The Fourth Rainbow Book of
Adventures is only $10.95!

Tape $9.95, Two-Disk Set $14.95

The tape and disks are adjuncts and complements to the book; the book is necessary
(or introductory material and loading instructions,

Please send me:

The Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures $10.95*
The Fourth Rainbow Adventures Tape $9.95

The Fourth Rainbow Adventures Disk Set $14.95

I Name

Address
City

State

ZIP

J □ My check in the amount of

enclosed*

Please charge to my: □ VISA □ MasterCard

□ American Express
Acct. No.

J Exp. Date
Signature

i Mail to: The Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures, The
Falsoft Building, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059

*Add $2.00 per book for shipping and handling in the U.S. Outside the
U.S. add $4 per book (U.S. currency only). Kentucky residents add 5%

5 sales tax. In order to hold down costs, we do not bill. Please allow 6-8
weeks for delivery.

f To order by phone (credit card orders only), call (800) 847-0309, 8 a.m.
J to 5 p.m. EST. For other inquiries, call (502) 228-4492.

This program helps children develop
good fashion sense

eing an observer of people, I've
noticed how fashion-conscious
society is today, though a partic-
ular subgroup appears blindly uncons-
cious of acceptable dress codes. There's
no nice way to say it: Some people just
don't know how to dress.

With this in mind, I designed Color
Coordinator to give children a helping
hand with fashion sense. The program
lets them picture what certain color
combinations look like before trying on
dozens of outfits.

By selecting the color for articles of
clothing (hat, sweater, pants, boots,
mittens, cape and umbrella), the com-
puter displays the outfit on CoCo Kid,
a handsome figure serving as a mimic
for the child, and with whom he or she

will perform fashion experiments. Once
an article is selected, a color chart
appears, offering sixteen choices. Color
choices are numbered 0 through 9 and
A through F. To alter the represented
colors, simply change the PALETTE
values in Line 3.

One important note on changing
colors. An already colored article of
clothing can be changed simply by
pressing that number or letter, and the
program will paint over the section. The
only exception is that if you color
something black, it will remain black
until you restart the program by press-
ing R from the menu. To quit the menu
press Q.

If you'd like to change or enhance the
program or add additional articles of
clothing like socks, earmuffs, belt, etc.,
simply add their letter to the menu and
branch off accordingly.

(Questions or comments regarding
this program may be directed to the
author at 708 Michigan Ave., Sheboy-
gan, WI 53081. Please enclose an SASE
when requesting a reply.)

Apr!) 1989 THE RAINBOW 101

Listing 1: ORDINATE

1 'CC3CCC

CoCo3 Clothes Color Co-ordinator

BILL BERNICO SOFTWARE

3 CLEAR 300: POKE 65497,0: ON BRK
GOTO 48:HSCREEN 2:HCLS 4:HCOLOR
8,4: RGB : R$="NUNDNRNLNGNF" : L$="S8
L4HU8ER4FD2 L2UL2 D6R2UR2 D2GS4" : PA
LETTE 9, 56: PALETTE 10, 6: PALETTE
11, 53: PALETTE 12 , 61 : PALETTE 13,5
2: PALETTE 14 , 3 9 : PALETTE 15,35

4 HDRAW"BM180 ,0D191BM60 , 50L40D10
R40G50NR40E50D40U8R30U32F50L40BL
15NL20BR15R40H50R40U10L40BL30BD1
0D40G40L15D10R30U10NL15E40F40D10
R30U10L30R15H40U40BU10G15H15F3E3
BR17F3BU2 1R15L50U5R14U15R2 1D15R1
5D5BM79,88"+L$:HDRAW"BM111,23R56
L29ND25LD25BD14D8RNU8"

5 HDRAWRU8BU14U25 " : HCIRCLE (139,
30) ,30,8,1, .55, .96: HCIRCLE (75, 37
) ,15,8,1, .96, .55: HCIRCLE (12, 55) ,
8: HCIRCLE (13 8, 55) , 8 :HDRAW"BM69 , 3
5 "+R$+ " BR12 " +R$+ " BM7 5,40" +R$ : HCI
RCLE(75,47) ,5,8, . 5 :HPRINT (24 , 5) ,
"COLOR" : HPRINT (24,6), "WHICH" : HPR
INT (24, 8) ,"H=Hat"

6 HPRINT (2 4, 9) , "S=Sweater" :HPRIN
T ( 2 4 , 10 ) , " P=Pants " : HPRINT (24,11)
, "M=Mittens" : HPRINT (24,12), "B=Bo
ots" : HPRINT (24 , 13 ) , "C=Cape" :HPRI
NT ( 2 4 , 1 4 ) , " L=Lett er " : HPRINT (24,1
5) ,"U=Umbrella":HPRINT(24,17) , "R
=Restart" : HPRINT (24, 18) , "Q=Quit"
:PLAY"O4T20F"

7 HPRINT(1,21) ,"The CoCo 3 Cloth
es": HPRINT (1,22) ,"Color Co-ordin
ator"

8 I$=INKEY$:IF I$=""THEN 8

9 IF I$="H"THEN GOSUB 27

10 IF I$="S"THEN GOSUB27

11 IF I$="P"THEN GOSUB27

12 IF I$="B"THEN GOSUB27

13 IF I$="M"THEN GOSUB27

14 IF I$="C"THEN GOSUB27

15 IF I$="L"THEN GOSUB27

16 IF I$="U"THEN GOSUB27

GOT019
GOTO20
GOT02 1
GOT022
GOT023
GOT024
GOT025
GOT026

17 IF I$=»R"THEN RUN

18 IF I$="Q"THEN 48 ELSE 8

19 GOSUB 29:HPAINT(75,31) ,C,8:GO
SUB 47: GOTO 4

20 GOSUB 29:HPAINT(75,67) ,C,8:GO
SUB 47: GOTO 4

21 GOSUB 29:HPAINT(75,97) ,C,8:GO
SUB 47: GOTO 4

22 GOSUB29:HPAINT(25,145) ,C,8:HP

AINT(140,145) ,C,8:GOSUB47:GOT04

23 GOSUB 29:HPAINT(12,55) ,C,8:HP
AINT(138,55) ,C,8:GOSUB 47:GOTO 4

24 GOSUB 29:HPAINT(50,105) ,C,8:H
PAINT (75, 105) ,C,8:HPAINT(115,105
),C,8:GOSUB 47: GOTO 4

25 GOSUB 29:HPAINT(71,85) ,C,8:GO
SUB 47: GOTO 4

26 GOSUB 29:HPAINT(125,22) ,C,8:G
OSUB 47: GOTO 4

27 HLINE(192,40)-(269,150) ,PRESE
T,BF:Y=32:HCOLOR8:FOR X=0 TO 18
STEP 2:HPRINT(22,X+4) ,X/2:NEXT X
:S$="R25D11L25U11BD16":HDRAW"BM1
95, 30": FOR X=l TO 10 :HDRAWS$ :HPA
INT(197,Y) ,X-1,8: Y=Y+17:NEXT X

28 HPAINT(197,178) , 9 , 8 : Y=32 : HDRA
W"BM233,30":FORX=10TO15:HDRAWS$:
HPAINT(235,Y) , X, 8 : Y=Y+17 :NEXTX:H
PRINT(33,4) , "A" '.HPRINT (33, 6) , "B"
:HPRINT(33,8) , "C" .-HPRINT (33 , 10) ,
" D " : HPRINT ( 3 3 , 12 ) , " E " : HPRINT (33,
14) , "F": HPRINT (23,1) , "WHICH COLO
R? " : PLAY"O5T20F" : RETURN

29 C$=INKEY$:IF C$=""THEN 29

30 IF C$="0"THEN C=0

31 IF C$="1"THEN C=l

32 IF C$="2"THEN C=2

33 IF C$="3"THEN C=3

34 IF C$="4"THEN C=4

35 IF C$="5"THEN C=5

36 IF C$="6"THEN C=6

37 IF C$="7"THEN C=7

38 IF C$="8"THEN C=8

39 IF C$="9"THEN C=9

40 IF C$="A"THEN C=10: RETURN

41 IF C$="B"THEN C=ll: RETURN

42 IF C$="C"THEN C=12: RETURN

43 IF C$="D"THEN C=l 3 : RETURN

44 IF C$="E"THEN C=14: RETURN

45 IF C$="F"THEN C=15: RETURN

46 GOTO 29

47 HLINE (184, 7) -(278,185) , PRESET
, BF : RETURN

48 POKE65496,0:RGB:WIDTH32:END

RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN

102 THE RAINBOW April 1989

This program is about limits.
Here's a scenario: You find
yourself in Radio Shack in the
middle of a spectacular sale and finally
decide to get that new piece of hardware
you've always wanted. You walk to the
counter to pay and hand the clerk your
credit card. After a few minutes, to your
shocked surprise the clerk says those
five embarrassing words, "You are over
your limit!"

Credit Card Balance can't raise your
credit limit, but it can help you keep

chit

The Lamonicas live in El Paso, Texas,
where Mary teaches algebra and consu-
mer math at Irvin High School. James
teaches social studies at Henderson
Middle School.

heXimit

By Mary and James Lamonica

track of credit card transactions and
balances. The program allows you to
keep track of up to ten credit accounts
of up to 300 transactions each. It auto-
matically figures your balance and
projects the monthly interest for that
account.

Ten accounts of 300 transactions
each, with each transaction giving the
date, place and amount, requires over
108K of memory, obviously greater
than the CoCo 2's capacity. However, if
you have a disk drive, you can use it for
additional memory. This is done by
creating record files on the disk and
only accessing those records needed at
any one time. Line 6140 gives an exam-
ple of how to open a direct access file.

The DPEN"D" command tells the com-
puter to open a direct access file. When

you use the OPEhri" or QPEN"0" com-
mands, you are opening for input or
output of a sequential file. Data is saved
one piece after another. With a direct
access file, data is saved in parts called
records. You can enter and call up any
part of the file at any time. In a se-
quential file, you must read in the entire
file.

The number 2 tells the computer you
are using Buffer 2 to input and output
data. F$ is the filename, or in this case,
the name of the credit card. The file-
name may not be longer than eight
characters, so we shorten it by using
the LEFTS command in Line 6130.
The file must have the extension
/DAT. The ,36 at the end of the line tells
the computer that each record is 36
characters long.

April 1 989 THE RAINBOW 1 03

In Line 6160 the record divides into
three fields using the FIELD command.
You must tell the computer how long
each field is going to be.

Once again the number 2 refers to
Buffer 2. The command BflSTDS ( 1 ) tells
the computer to reserve eight characters
of space for the command TD$(l),
which in this case is the date.
20RSTD$(2) reserves 20 characters for
the transaction. And bastd$ (3) re-
serves eight characters for the amount
of each transaction. It is important to
save numeric values as strings for this
type of filing system. The GET and PUT
commands get or put records onto the
disk.

Your Tandy CoCo disk drive divides
data into 68 granules of 2,304 bytes each
for a total of 156,672 bytes. At 36
characters per record, we can save 64
records per granule or 4352 records per
disk. Unfortunately, we need room for
the program and an organizing file
called accounts.

For more information on this type of
data storage, refer to Page 49 of Tandy's
Color Computer Disk System, Owners
Manual & Programming Guide,

The one major drawback to this
system is its slowness. Every time you
need data, the CoCo must go to the disk
rather than to its own memory. It is
worthwhile, though, if you've reached
the limit of your computer memory.

Getting Started

First you need a blank formatted
disk, which must remain in the drive
while you are using the program. Enter
the program into your CoCo. If you
have only a 16K machine, change lines
2, 3 and 4099 to the following:

2 CLEAR4700

3 DIMT$(100,3)
4099 IFTN>100THEN4200

This allows only 100 transactions for
each account. Save the program to the
new disk. The program is 5.8K long, but
it uses over 26K so Line 1 clears out the
graphics pages.

When you run the program, press Y
if you have no existing accounts on the
disk. This takes you to the subroutine
that allows you to establish up to 1 0 new
accounts. When asked for the account
number, choose from 1 to 10. Whenever
you are asked for an account or trans-
action number, entering 0 will return
you to the menu. You will then be asked
to enter the account name, its credit
limit, the beginning balance, the
monthly interest rate (if you have only
the yearly interest rate, divide that by
12), and the phone number to call to
report a lost card. This information is
then automatically saved into a sequen-
tial file called accounts/DAT.

If you already have accounts on file,
press N at the first screen. This takes
you to the main menu. You can return
here by pressing 0 any time you are
asked for an account number. Here you
are given five choices:

View Data

(1)

Print Data

(2)

Add Accounts

(3)

Add Data

(4)

Edit Data

(5)

View Data allows you to see the
transactions for each account. You can
choose which transaction you want to
see and then move through all of them
with the up- and down-arrow keys. At
the bottom of the screen a summary of
the account is given. This is done for
each function.

Print Data allows you to print out all
or any part of

OKIE
2 \lfl»f*>

fi$ Array for the account data
Account name
Account phone number
A Array for the numeric
account data
Account limit
Beginning balance
Monthly periodic interest rate
T$ Array for transaction data
Date of transaction
Place of transaction
Amount of transaction
RN Account number
TN Transaction or record number
CU Credit used
IP Projected interest payment
C Credits to accounts
TP Total payments
TC Total credits
Tl Total interest
T Total charges

Variable List

1-34 Set up the program and
creates main menu
1000-1200 Allow for viewing data
2000-2240 Print routine
3000-3150 Allow for adding new ac-
counts

4000-4215 Allow for adding transac-
tions

5000-5280 Allow for editing of transac-
tions

6000-6050 Routine to print accounts on

the screen
6060-6090 Rountine to print account

summary on the screen
6100-6250 Get account data from the

disk

Program Line Summary

the transaction you want. It asks you
which transaction to start and end with,
allowing the computer to create a prin-
tout to compare with your monthly
statement. The totals printed at the bot-
tom are for the transaction set you
choose. This allows for monthly or
yearly totals.

The Add Accounts function allows
the addititon of more accounts to the
system with a maximum number of 10.
You can also use this screen to delete an
account. Simply choose an account
number already in use, and enter ""
when asked for the account name. If
you accidentally choose the wrong
account number, enter Q in the account
name and start over. As soon as you
enter a new account name, it appears on
the screen next to its number.
The Add Data function is the heart
of the program. Here, you can add
individual transactions as they

occur, providing a current account of
your available credit.

There are three key words to be aware
of. When the program asks for place,
put the name of the business where you
used the credit card. To deduct pay-
ments or credits from your account,

type PRYMENT or CREDIT for the place.
You do not need to enter a negative
amount. To enter interest charges, type

INTEREST.

Edit Data allows you to make correc-
tions if you enter an incorrect amount,
date or place. The program will even

adjust to changing charges to credits or
payments.

(Questions or comments may be
directed to the authors at 10456 Or-
pheus, El Paso, TX 79924. Please en-
close an SASE when requesting a
reply.) □

30 * :> :* »

...239

4170 ..

...223

1140 ,v

5110

2140

...201

5240

216

2214 , .

137

6100

, 86

2228 . .

...183

END

231

3130 , .

The Listing: CREDIT

1 PMODE0 : PCLEAR1

2 CLEAR14J30J3

3 DIMT$(300,3)

5 DIMA$ ( 10 , 2 ) : DIMA ( 10 , 3 )

6 DATA DATE , PLACE , AMOUNT

10 CLS(0) :PRINT@64, " H :PRINT§64, "
IF YOU HAVE NO ACCOUNTS ON FILE,
PRESS <Y> AND YOU WILL GO TO THE
ADD ACCOUNTS SUBROUTINE.

PRESS <N> TO GO TO MAIN MENU"

11 I$=INKEY$

12 IFI$="Y"ORI$="y"THENGOSUB30j30
:GOT015

13 IFI$="N"THEN15

14 IFI$O ,, Y ,, 0RI$O l, N"THENll

15 OPEN " I ",#1," ACCOUNTS/ DAT"

16 FORX=1TO10:FORY=1TO2:INPUT#1,
A$ (X, Y) i NEXTY : FORZ=lT03 : INPUT#1 ,
A(X,Z) :NEXTZ:NEXTX

17 CLOSE#l

19 CLS(0) :PRINT@73,"credit";:PRI
NT @ 80, "cards" ;

20 PRINT @ 16 8, "VIEW DATA (1)";:
PRINT6 200, "PRINT DATA (2)";:PRI
NT@232,"ADD ACCOUNT (3) " ; : PRINT @
264, "ADD DATA (4) " ; :PRINT@296
,"EDIT DATA (5) " ,* : PRINT@359 , "C
HOOSE A FUNCTION";

30 I$=INKEY$

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31 IFI$=""THEN30

3 2 ONVAL ( I $ ) GOSUB1000 ,2000, 3000,
4000,5000

34 GOT019

1000 CLS(6) : PRINT© 11, "view" ; :PRI
NT@16,"data";

1005 CLOSE#2
1010 GOSUB 6000
1020 GOSUB6100

1025 IFAN=0THENCLOSE#2: RETURN
1030 CLS(6) :PRINT@ll,"view";:PRI
NT@16, "data" ;

1040 GOSUB6060

1050 PRINT @ 160, "INPUT TRANSACTIO
N NUMBER" ; : INPUTVT
1055 IFVT=0THEN1190
1060 IF VT<0 OR VT>TN THEN 1050
1070 PRINT@160, 1111 :PRINT@160, "UP
& DOWN ARROWS TO VIEW Q=QUIT";
1080 FOR X=1T03
1090 RE ADD $

REVIEWED:
JAN 1989

MJK & MJK3 DOS
WHY BUY ADOS 3
WHEN YOU CAN HAVE THIS!

REVIEWED
JAN 1989

RAINBOW

New:

MJK DOS for COCO I & 2 $29.95
MJK3DOSforCOC03 $39.95
MOST POWERFUL OPERATING SYSTEM FOR THE COCO EVER! Allows up to 3 DS-80 track drives
or 35/40T drives. The DS-80 drives are software configurable too.

••••"Standard Radio Shack* 35T format"*" •

in order to maintain compatibility. Wildcard DIR, COPY, & KILL in one run or one at a time upon user
prompt. All the files can be displayed alphabetically, including the date that the file was saved. Use the
powerful CHAIN command to use programs of any length. FULL SCREEN EDITOR & FULLY
SPELLED OUT ERROR NAMES. Hit one key to repeat the last command.

40 NEW COMMANDS k FUNCTIONS CHAIN, AUTO, DATE, CAT (two columns of directory with
only the filenames & extensions). WAIT RUNM, BAUD, FIND, OLD, DATE$, (string in basic program).
LCOPY (groups of basic lines). REPL (to replace a string). TYPE (list a text file on screen/ printer). SPLIT
or JOIN basic lines. SAY for real spoken text, word peek & poke and many more . . .
•ALLOWS YOU TO READ/ WRITE/FORMAT 35/40 DISKS ON AN 80T DRIVE*

*•• EPROMABLE •**••* **♦• FREE UPDATES FOR I YEAR ••••

MJK512 DOS(COC03-512K)

BUILT IN RAM DISK k RAM TEST COMMANDS + 5 MORE

$49.95

MONITOR-DISASSEMBLER (COCO 1, 2 & 3) $29.95

SOURCE-CODE/ LABEL GENERATOR (COCO 1, 2 & 3) $39.95

JB REMOTE RS-232 PACK DRIVER FOR BBS etc. (COCO 1, 2 & 3) $19.95

NEWKEY (COCO 3) NEW KEY SCAN - gives you true ALT & CTRL $15.00

NEWKEY 232 (COCO 3) - JB REMOTE and NEWKEY in one package $25.00

RTC - REAL TIME HARDWARE CLOCK for the COCO 1, 2 & 3 $35.00

ROM PACK - FOR RTC CLOCK $15.00

LIMITED TIME OFFER!
RETURN YOUR OLD ADOS OR AD0S3 DISK AND DOC'S AND GET $15.00 OFF YOUR MJK512
DOS. I GIYE YOU CREDIT FOR THEIR DOS. DO THEY DO THE SAME? (original disks k doc's
only *no copies*)

CALL OR WRITE (COD ORDERS OK)

COCO CONNECTION OF PHILA, PA.
5003 B ST.
PHILA., PA. 19120-3929
PHONE= 215-457-1809 VOICE
BBS PHONE* 215-457-7478 (300/1200) (8,N,1)
COMPUSERVE ID= 72317,437 (LEAVE PHONE ft)
DELPHI ID= COCOCONNECT

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 105

1100 PRINT@192+(X*32) , D$+"="+T$ (
VT,X)

1105 PRINT02 40, "TRANSACTION" ;VT

1110 NEXTX

1120 RESTORE

1130 I$=INKEY$

1140 IF I$="Q" THEN 1190

1150 IF I$=CHR$(10) THEN VT=VT-1

1155 IF VT<1 THEN VT=TN

1160 IF I$=CHR$(94) THEN VT=VT+1

1165 IF VT>TN THEN VT-1

1170 IFI$=CHR$(10) OR I$=CHR$(94

) THEN 1080

1180 GOTO 1130

1190 CLOSE#2:TN=0:VT=0

1200 GOTO 1000

2000 REM PRINT ROUTINE

2010 CLS(2) : PRINT® 12 , "print" ; : PR
INT@18,"data";

2020 GOSUB6000
2030 GOSUB6100

2040 IFAN=0THENCLOSE#2: RETURN

2050 CLS(2) : PRINT @ 1 2 ^ "print " ; ; PR

INTO 18, "data" 7
2060 GOSUB6060
2070 CLOSE#2

2080 PRINT© 160 , "ENTER THE RANGE
OF TRANSACTIONS"

2090 PRINT @ 2 2 4 , "START AT=" ; : INPU
TS T : PRINT @ 2 4 0 , " END WITH= lf ; : INPUT
ET

2095 IFST<1 OR ET>TN THEN 2090
2100 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27)CHR$(23)
2110 PU$="$#####.##"
2120 PRINT#-2,A$(AN, 1)
2130 PRINT#-2,A$(AN,2)
2135 PRINT #-2,""
2140 PRINT # -2 f "ACCOUNT LIMIT
="? : PRINTj-2 , USINGPU$ ; A (AN, 1 )
2150 PRINT #-2," BEGINNING BALANCE
■ " ; : PRINT # - 2 , US INGPU$ ; A ( AN , 2 )
2160 PRINT #-2, "MONTHLY PER. RATE
=";: PRINT # - 2 , US ING "#####.###"; A (
AN, 3)

2170 PRINT #-2, "CURRENT BALANCE
=" ; : PRINT # -2 , US INGPU$ ; A ( AN , 2 ) +CU
2180 PRINT#-2, "AVAILABLE CREDIT
=" 7 : PRINT#-2 , USINGPU$ ,*A(AN, 1) - (A
(AN, 2 ) +CU)

2184 PRINT #-2 ,

2185 H$=" DATE PLACE

AMOUNT DAT
E PLACE AMOU

NT"

2186 PRINT#-2,H$

2190 FOR X=ST TO ET STEP 2
2195 IF(X+1)=82 OR (X+l)=162 OR
(X+l) =242 THENPRINT#-2 , CHR$ (12) :
PRINT#-2 , »" : PRINT#-2 , " " : PRINT#-2

,H$H$

2200 PRINT#-2,USING"###"7X; :PRIN
T#-2," "?T$(X,1)7" "7T$(X,2)7"
" ? : PRINT#-2 ,USINGPU$ ,'VAL(T$ (X, 3)

);

2213 Y=X+1

2214 IF Y>TN THEN PRINT#-2 , " " : GO
T02216

2215 PRINT #-2 , " " 7 : PRINT#-2 ,U
S ING" # # # " 7 Y 7 : PRINT* -2 , " " ;T$ (Y, 1
) 7 " " 7 T $ ( Y , 2 ) 7 " " 7 7 PRINT# - 2 , US I
NGPU$7VAL(T$(Y,3) )

2216 IFLEFT$ (T$ (X, 2) ,7) =" PAYMENT
"THENTP=TP+VAL(T$(X,3) )

2217 IFLEFT$(T$(Y,2) ,7)="PAYMENT
"THENTP=TP+VAL(T$(Y,3) )

2218 IFLEFT$ (T$ (X, 2) , 6) ="CREDIT"
THENTC=TC+VAL(T$ (X, 3) )

2219 IFLEFT$ (T$ (Y, 2) , 6) ="CREDIT"
THENTC=TC+VAL (T$ ( Y ,3 ) )

2220 IFLEFT$(T$(X,2) ,8)="INTERES
T"THENTI=TI+VAL(T$ (X, 3) )

2221 IFLEFT$(T$(Y,2) ,8)="INTERES
T"THENTI=TI+VAL(T$ (Y, 3) )

2222 IF VAL(T$(X,3) )>0 THEN T=T+
VAL(T$(X,3))

2223 IF VAL(T$ (Y, 3) ) >0 THEN T=T+
VAL(T$(Y,3))

2224 NEXTX

2225 PRINT # - 2 , " " : PRINT # - 2 , " TOTAL
PAYMENTS PRINT#-2 ,USINGPU$

7 TP

2226 PRINT #-2, "TOTAL CREDITS
" 7 : PRINT #-2 ,USINGPU$ ,'TC

2227 PRINT#-2, "TOTAL INTEREST =
» ,• : PRINT#-2 ,USINGPU$ ,'TI

2228 PRINT #-2, "TOTAL CHARGES
" 7 : PRINT#-2 ,USINGPU$ ,'T-TI
2230 PRINT#-2,CHR$(12)

2240 TP=0 : TC=0 : TI=0 : T=0 : GOTO2000
3000 CLS(3) :I$=""

3005 PRINT@11, "add accounts" 7

3010 GOSUB6000

3020 PRINT© 3 8 4, "INPUT THE ACCOUN

T NUMBER" 7 MNPUTAN

3025 IFAN=0THENRETURN

3030 PRINT@384 , " " : PRINT@384 , "ACC

OUNT NAME" 7 : INPUTA$ (AN, 1)

3035 GOSUB6000

3040 PRINT@384 , "" : PRINT@384 , "ACC
OUNT LIMIT",' :INPUTA( AN, 1)
3050 PRINT @ 3 8 4 , " " : PRINT @ 3 8 4 , " BEG
INNING BALANCE " 7 : INPUTA ( AN , 2 )
30 60 PRINT @ 3 8 4 , " " : PRINT @ 3 8 4 , "MON
THLY INTEREST % " 7 : INPUTA (AN , 3 )
3070 PRINT@3 84 , " " : PRINT0384 , "LOS
T CARD PHONE # " 7 : INPUTA$ (AN , 2 )
3080 PRINT@384, " " : PRINTQ384 , "ADD
ANOTHER ACOUNT (Y/N) " 7 ! INPUTY$

106 THE RAINBOW April 1989

*> f% Q f%

tttv<5 — M v nrpttTrvn ft/% ft

lr x 9— x lnh£i 3ppp

*5 1 ft ft

OPEN"0" / #1, "ACCOUNTS/ DAT"

311)3

FORX^lTOlja

312)3

F0RY : =1T02 : WRITE # 1 , A? (X/ x)

• XT

I N

EXTY

313)3

rORZ=lT03 I WRITEtf 1 / A(X/ Z) :

vm'7

XTZ

3 14)3

NLAl A

315j3

CLOSE # 1 : RETURN

A /t ft /V

4j3j3j3

CLS(4) :GOSUB6)3j3j3

4J31J3

PRINT@13 , "aaa" ; : PRINTelv,

it j

ata" ;

yl /Tf »"\ /H

4j32>3

GOSUB6100

4)33)3

IFAN=0THENCLOSE#2 : RETURN

4)39)3

CLS (4 ) : PRINTS 13 , "add" ; : PRIN

T@17 /

"data";

a ft r\

4j398

GOSUB6060

4099

IFTN> 3 00THEN4 2 0 0

4100

PRINT @ 9 6, "ENTER DATA FOR

ANS ACTION ";TN+1

4103

FIELD#2 , 8ASTD$(1) , 20ASTD$ (2

) ,8ASTD$(3)

4105

TN=TN+1

4 11J3

F0RX=1T03

4120

READD$

4130

PRINT@128+(X*32) , "ENTER THE

os» Mai » *» g tumm * B

System comes complete and ready to run. Use the built in menus or area
Run your own programs or games on-line! Complete message systemA
included. File transfer system supports Xmodem and Ymodem as
well as keyword searching! Even comes with it's own Terminal program

512k 0S9 Level II and RS-232 Pak Required-. 129.96

Thm Itpptf ( Multi-Vu» compatible )

£&^f7 This wonderful utility allows you to patch anything! Patch commands
directly on the disk and fix CRCn automatically! Even allows you to
patch the 0S9booi file without making a new boot disk! Save files that
have been lost or deleted! Fix crashed disks! Hundreds of uses!
64k OS9 Level I or II required $19.96

Disk Mmim Tt— ( MulH-Vu» compatible-! )

This versatile utility makes your 0S9 life a breeze! No more fighting with complex
directory structures. No more searching for files and typing long
path names. Everything is displayed using windows. Allows you to , A"* ' ^>7
change, create, and delete directories quickly. Also allows you to copy, /S^jfj^sa^
view and delete files easily. Great for the 0S9 beginner! "J i * •

512k OS9 Level II Required $29.95

Laval II Tools

Finally OS9 life becomes easy! With these great utilities you'll be
using OS9 like a pro! Complete wildcard, Tree , and Windowing
utilities make 0S9 easy to use. 25 great utilities for only $24.95!

128k OS9 Level II Required $24.95

Win» Om (Multi-Vus> compatible! J

Finally a complete OS9 Level II windowing terminal! Many features
include Auto Dial & Macro, File transfers, buffer capture, on-line timer,
chat- mode and much, much more! windows make it super easy to use]

512k OS9 Level II and RS-232 Pak Req uired * $34.95 -~

Haiti -Mann ( Mult1-Vu# compotiblol)

Easily create your own pop-down menus with this great utility! No
programming experience neccessary! Run any OS9 command
or program from a menu. Menu creation is simple and easy! See
^rtUf '^Fl the menu as it develops. A must for any Multi-Vue user!

TX/P 512k OS9 Level II and Multi-V ue required $1 9.95

^5ew> Pr«sto-Parfo*f Q Multi-Vue compatible I )

The first RAM-resident software for the COCO 3! Many features include

A Note-pad with auto- calculator, a calendar with alarm, and a phone book

with auto-dial! This program will organize your entire life!

512k 0S9 Level II Required $29.9

Send check or money order to: Alpha Software Technologies

1 1 n P.O. Box 16522

Orcafc C60J) 266-2773 W Hattie
Pleoto add $3.00 Shipping ana nandhng

Mbyra MS. 39402 _ "TZ-7V

q C.O.D. Orders add an additional $2.00

The

THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE

Back Issue
Availability

BACK ISSUES STILL AVAILABLE

Have you explored the wealth of informa-
tion in our past issues? From our very first,
four-page issue to many with more than 300
pages of material, it's all just for CoCo users
— a great way to expand your library!

A WORLD OF INFO AT A BARGAIN PRICE

All back issues sell for the single issue
cover price. In addition, there is a $3.50
charge for the first issue, plus 50 cents for
each additional issue for postage and han-
dling if sent by United Parcel Service. There
is a $5 charge for the first issue, plus a $1
charge for each additional issue on orders
sent by U.S. Mail. UPS will not deliver to a
post office box or to another country.

MOST ISSUES STILL AVAILABLE

Issues July 1981 through June 1982 are
available on white paper in a reprint form. All
others are in regular magazine form. VISA,
MasterCard and American Express ac-
cepted. Kentucky residents please add 5
percent state sales tax. I n order to hold down
costs, we do not bill, and no C.O.D. orders
are accepted.

Due to heavy demand, we suggest you
order the back issues you want now while
supplies last.

To check availability and order, review and
fill out the form on the next page and mail
it with your payment to:

THE RAINBOW

The Falsoft Building
P.O. Box 385
Prospect, KY 40059

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 107

BACK ISSUE ORDER FORM

(See overleaf for instructions.)

Please send me the following back issues:

MONTH/YEAR

PRICE

MONTH/YEAR

PRICE

VOLUME 1

VOLUME 5

JUL "81

Premier Issue

$200

□

AUG '85

Games

$3.95

□

AUG '81

$2.00

□

SEP '85

Education

10.30

l_l

SEP '81

Education

$200

□

OCT '85

Graphics

$o.bo

n
l_l

OCT *81

Printer

$200

□

NOV '85

Data Comm.

■>J-yo

n
U

NOV '81

$200

□

JAN '86

Beginners

$0.90

n
l_l

DEC '81

Holiday

$200

□

FEB '86

Utilities

CO QC

i_i

JAN '82

$200

□

MAR '86

Business

<pd.sO

i i

FEB '82

$200

□

APR '86

Home Help

r-j cv:

■>j.yo

i_i

APR '82

$250

□

MAY '86

Printer

r— 1
LJ

JUN '82

$250

□

JUN '86

Music

r— 1
U

JUL '86

Anniversary

COCK

n
LJ

VOLUME 2

VOLUME 6

II IN "R3

Printpr*?

$295

1 — 1

$395

JUL '83

Anniversary

$295

□

SEP 'nfi

Education

$3.95

□

VOLUME 3

OCT '86

Graohics

$3.95

□

AUG '83

Games

$295

□

NOV '86

Data Comm

U IV VrS \y 1 ■ 1 • 1 1 •

$395

□

SEP '83

Education

$295

□

DEC '8fi

Holidav

$395

□

OCT '83

Graohics

$3.95

□

JAN '87

Beginners

$3.95

□

DEC '83

Holidav

$3.95

□

FEB '87

1 L_ LJ O /

Utilities

$3.95

□

MAR '84

ivi r^n U"

UUOII IwOg

$395

MAR *A7

IVI AA M O I

Business

$395

□

APR 'fl4

fiflminn

$395

APR 'A7

nrn Of

Hnmfi Hfiln

$3.95

□

MAY '84

Printfir

1 Mil IQI

$395

i— -J

MAY 'A7

Wiry 1 Of

Printer

1 VIII IDI

$3.95

□

JliN '84

Mu^ir*

if lualu

$3.95

i— — i

II IN 'A7

JUli Of

Music

$3.95

□

JUL '84

Annivfir<?flfv

$395

llll *A7

JUL Of

Annivftrsarv

1 \ 1 II IIVOI gu| y

$395

□

VOLUME 4

VOLUME 7

AUG '84

Games

$395

□

AUG '87

Games

$395

SEP '84

Education

$3.95

□

SEP '87

Education

$3.95

□

npT 'A/1
1 OH

orapnics

n
i_i

f*\f*T IQ7
UC 1 Of

orapntcs

n
i i

INVJV OH

Dal a L/UITIII1.

<fj lie

i_i

Kir\\/ '07

NUV 8/

Data Oomm.

$3.95

□

npp 'R4

co qc

n
i_i

DEC 87

i i — i; j...

Holiday

$3.95

□

1 AM >QC
JnIM OO

Dan i n no rc

□oy iiinars

$0.90

■ All Inn

JAN 88

Beginners

$3.95

□

1 CD OO

1 Itilitinc
KJ III llloo

$3 OF.

CCD 'QQ

rtb OO

utMiiies

$3.95

□

MAR 'AS
rvi n oo

t3QR

ti A □ 'DO

MAM OO

Business

$395

□

APR 'AS

oiiiiuiaiiuiis

n
i— i

A DD 'QQ

Arn OO

none noip

$395

□

MAY '85

IVIM 1 OO

Pri ntor

r 1 II MCI

MAY 00

Printer

$3.95

□

JUM '85

(JUIN OO

$395

II IM 'QQ

JUN OO

Music

$3.95

□

JUL '85

Anniversary

$3.95

□

JUL '88

Anniversary

$3.95

□

VOLUMES

AUG '88

Games

$3.95

□

SEP '88

Education

$3.95

□

OCT '88

Graphics

$3.95

□

NOV '88

Data Comm.

$3.95

□

DEC '88

Holiday

$3.95

□

JAN '89

Beginners

$3.95

□

FEB '89

Home Help

$3.95

□

MAR '89

Hardware

$3.95

□

APR '89

Business

$3.95

□

RAINBOW INDEX A complete index to the first three years, July 1981 through June
1984, is printed in the July 1984 issue. Separate copies are available for $2.50 □

The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Year Indexes including rainbow on tape are printed
in the July 1985, 1986 and 1987 issues, respectively. The Seventh Year Index is
printed in the July 1988 issue.

TOTAL

KY RESIDENTS ADD 5%

U.S. MAIL CHARGE

SHIPPING & HANDLING

U.P.S. CHARGE

TOTAL AMOUNT

ENCLOSED

Article Reprints

In instances where a given issue is now out of print and not available for purchase,
we do provide photocopies of specific articles. The cost for this service is $1.50
plus 50 cents S/H per article. This service is provided only in the case of out-of-
stock issues.

Name

Address
City

State

ZIP

□ Payment Enclosed, or

Charge to my: □ VISA □ MC □ AE

CARD #

EXPIRATION DATE
SIGNATURE

PHONE ( )

TO ORDER BY PHONE (credit card orders only) call (800) 847-0309, 8 a.m. to 5
p.m. EST. All other inquiries call (502) 228-4492.

" ; D$ ; : INPUTT$ (TN, X)
4132 IFT$(TN,X)= H Q" THENRES TORE : G
OT042J3J3

4134 IFT$ (TN, 2 ) ="PAYMENT"0RT$ (TN
,2)="CREDIT"THENC=VAL(T$(TN,3) ) :
C=C*-1 : T$ (TN, 3 ) =STR$ ( C)
4140 LSETTD$(X)=T$(TN,X)
4150 NEXTX
4152 RESTORE
4154 PUT#2,TN
4156 GOSUB6060

4160 PRINT @ 3 20 , " ENTER ANOTHER TR
ANSACTI0N (Y/N) "
4170 I$=INKEY$

4180 IFI$="Y ,I THEN4090 ■

4190 IFI$="N"THEN4200

4195 IFI$O' I Y ,I ORI$O"N"THEN4170

4200 CU==0:TN=O:CLOSE#2

4210 GOTO4000

4215 GOSUB6000

5000 CLS(5) : PRINT© 12, "edit" ;: PRI
NT@17,"data";

5010 GOSUB6000
5020 GOSUB6100

5025 IFAN=0THENCLOSE#2: RETURN
5030 CLS(5) : PRINTS 12, "edit" ;: PRI

NT@17,"data";

5040 GOSUB6060

5050 PRINT @ 160, "INPUT TRANSACTI0

N # TO EDIT" ; : INPUTVT

5060 IF VT<0 OR VT>TN THEN 5050

5065 IFVT=0THEN5270

5070 PRINTO160, "PRESS 1 2 OR 3 T

0 EDIT OR Q=QUIT";

5080 F0RX=1T03

5090 RE ADD $

5100 PRINT@192+(X*32) ,"<";X;">";

d $ + ii=h +T $(VT,X)

5110 NEXTX

5120 RESTORE

5130 I$=INKEY$

5140 IF I$="Q" THENRETURN

5150 IF VAL(I$)<1 OR VAL(I$)>3 T

HEN 5130 ELSE 5160

5160 F0RX=1T03:PRINT@192+(X*32) ,

"": NEXTX

5170 F0RX=1T0VAL(I$) :READD$:NEXT
X

5180 PRINT@224, "CURRENT "+D$+"="
+T$(VT,VAL(I$) )

5190 PRINT@289, "CHANGE T0=" ; : INP
UTT$(VT,VAL(I$) )

5200 IFT$(VT,VAL(I$) )="Q"THEN500

5203 IFVAL(T$(VT,3) )<0ANDLEFT$(T
$ (VT , 2 ) , 7 ) =" PAYMENT "0RVAL (T$ (VT,
3) ) <0ANDLEFT$ (T$ (VT, 2) ,6)="CREDI
T"THEN5210

5205 IFLEFT$ (T$ (VT,2) ,7)="PAYMEN
T" OR LEFT$(T$(VT,2) , 6)="CREDIT"
THEN C=VAL(T$ (VT,3) ) :C=C*-1:T$(

108

THE RAINBOW April 1989

VT,3)=STR$(C) :GOTO5210

52)36 IFLEFT$(T$(VT,2) ,7)<>"PAYME

NT"ORLEFT$ (T$ (VT, 2) , 6) <>" CREDIT"

THENC=ABS(VAL(T$(VT,3) ) ) :T$(VT,3

)=STR$(C)

5210 GOSUB6.060

524) 3 FIELD#2,8ASTD$(1) ,20ASTD$(2
) , 8 ASTD$ ( 3 )

525) 3 F0RX=1T03 : LSETTD$ (X)=T$(VT,
X) tNEXTX

526) 3 PUT#2,VT

527) 3 RESTORE :TN=)3:VT=£: CLOSE* 2

528) 3 GOTO500J8

REM PRINTS ACCOUNTS ON SCRE

6)31)3 F0RX=1T05

6)32)3 PRINT@(2+(64*X) ) ,X;LEFT$(A$
(X,l) ,1)3) ;

6030 PRINT© (16+ (64*X) ) / (X+5) ;LEF
T$(A$(X+5,1) ,ip) ;
6040 NEXTX
6050 RETURN

6)3 6)3 CU=0 : P.ORX- 1TOTN : CU=CU+VAL ( T
$(X,3) ) :NEXTX

6)365 IP=(A(AN,3)/100) *(A(AN,2)+C
U)

6)370 PRINT@384,"CREDIT LINE=";A(
AN , 1) : PRINT"USED=" ; A ( AN , 2 ) +CU: PR
INT"AVAILABLE=" . INT (A (AN , 1 ) - (A (A

N,2)+CU) )

6075 PRINT "APPROXIMATE INTEREST*

" ; : PRINTUS ING" ####.##"; IP;

6)38)3 PRINT© 3 2 , TN; "TRANSACTIONS 0
N ";A$(AN,1)
6)390 RETURN

6100 TN=0:PRINT@384, "INPUT THE A

CCOUNT NUMBER"; INPUT AN

6110 IFAN<0 OR AN>10 THEN 6100

6112 IF AN=0 THEN RETURN

6115 IFA$(AN,1)=""THEN6100

6120 PRINTQ384, "" :PRINT@384, "LOA

DING DATA FOR ";A$(AN,1)

6130 IFLEN(A$ (AN, 1) ) >8THENF$=LEF

T$ (A$ (AN, 1) , 8) ELSEF$=A$ ( AN , 1 )

6135 FORX= 1TO 300 : T $ ( X , 3 ) = " »• : NEXT

6140 OPEN"D", #2,F$+"/DAT",36

6150 IFLOF ( 2 ) =0THENRETURN

6160 FIELD#2,8ASTD$(1) ,20ASTD$(2

) ,8ASTD$(3)

6170 TN=TN+1

6180 GET#2 , TN

6190 F0RX=1T03

6200 T$(TN,X)=TD$(X)

6210 NEXTX

6230 PRINT@480, "RECORD #";TN;
6240 IF LOF(2) <> TN THEN 6170
6250 RETURN _

SrbCIAL fcYbNT?

COCO GALLERY LIVE
SHOWCASE YOUR BEST AT RAINBOWFEST

We are taking the popular "CoCo Gallery" on the road to RAINBOWfest Chicago — and we'd like you to
submit your own graphics creations to be exhibited at the show!

MJLbS

• You can enter color or black-and-white photographs or printouts of your original artwork produced on
the CoCo 1 , 2 or 3. Entries must be framed, mounted or matted, and may not be smaller than 5-by-7 inches
or larger than 11-by-14 inches.

• Don't send us anything owned by someone else; this means no game screens, digitized images from TV
programs or material that's already been submitted elsewhere. A digitized copy of a picture that appears
in a book or magazine is not an original work.

• Along with your entry, send a cover letter with your name, address and phone number, detailing how you
created your picture (what programs you used, etc.). Please include a few facts about yourself, tool

• Your name, address and phone number, along with the title of your work, must be clearly marked on the
back of each entry, and a disk copy of each piece must also be included.

• Entries must be mailed to THE RAINBOW before March 31 , 1 989, or brought to the RAINBOWfest registration
booth by 10 a.m., Saturday, April 15th.

• All entries to CoCo Gallery Live become the property of Falsoft, Inc., all rights are reserved.

There will be two categories: one for graphics produced on the CoCo 1 and 2, and one for CoCo 3 graphics.
Several awards will be made in each category. Winners will be determined by votes from RAINBOWfest
attendees. In case of any ties, winners will be determined by our chief judge, CoCo Cat.

Prizes and ribbons will be presented Sunday, April 16, 1989, and winning entries will be published in the
August '89 issue of THE RAINBOW. Send your entry to "CoCo Gallery Live," THE RAINBOW, 9509 U.S. Highway
42, Prospect, KY 40059.

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 109

CHICAGO

April 14-16

AINBOWfest is the only computer show dedicated
exclusively to your Tandy Color Computer.
Nowhere else will you see as many CoCo-related
products or be able to attend free seminars conducted
by the top Color Computer experts. It's like receiving the
(latest issue of the rainbow in your mailbox!

RAINBOWfest is a great opportunity for commercial
programmers to show off new and innovative products
for the first time. Chicago is the show to get information
on capabilities for the CoCo, along with a terrific
selection of the latest CoCo software. In exhibit after
exhibit, there will be demonstrations, opportunities to
experiment with software and hardware, and special
>RAINBOWfest prices.

Set your own pace between visiting exhibits and
ittending the valuable, free seminars on all aspects of
'your CoCo — from improving basic skills to working with
the sophisticated OS-9 operating system.

Many people who write for the rainbow — as
well as those who are written about — are there
to meet you and answer questions. You'll also
meet lots of other people who share your interest
in the Color Computer. It's a person-to-person
event and a tremendous learning experience in
a fun and relaxed atmosphere.

A special feature of RAINBOWfest is the
CoCo Gallery Live Showcase, where
CoCo artists enter their own graphics
creations for display at the show. Cash
prizes are presented and winning
entries are decided by
votes from RAINBOWfest attendees.
(See the previous page for more

details.) As an additional treat for CoCo Kids of all ages,
we've invited frisky feline CoCo Cat to join us for the show.
RAINBOWfest has something for everyone in the family!

If you missed the fun at our last RAINBOWfest in Princeton,
why don't you make plans now to join us in Chicago?
For members of the family who don't share your
affinity for CoCo, there are many other attractions in
the Chicago area.

The Hyatt Regency Woodfield — Schaumburg,
Illinois offers special rates for RAINBOWfest. The show
opens Friday evening with a session from 7 p.m. to 10
p.m. It's a daytime show Saturday — the CoCo Com-
munity Breakfast (separate tickets required) is at 8
a.m., then theexhibit hall opens promptly at 10 a.m. and
runs until 6 p.m. On Sunday, the exhibit hall opens at
11 a.m. and closes at 3 p.m.

Tickets for RAINBOWfest may be obtained directly,
from the rainbow. We'll also send you a reserva-
tion form so you can get a special room rate.

The POSH way to go. You can have your travel
arrangements and hotel reservations handled
through rainbow affiliate, POSH Travel Assist-
ance, Inc., of Louisville. For the same POSH
treatment many of our exhibitors enjoy, call POSH at
(502) 893-331 1 . All POSH services are available at no
charge to RAINBOWfest attendees.

3b TNMfa?

FRU SbMINAM

Cray Augsburg

RAINBOW Technical Editor
OS-9 For Absolute Beginners

Bill Bernico

RAINBOW Contributing Editor
BASICally Speaking

Steve Bjork

SRB Software

Writing Game Software

Chris Burke

Burke & Burke
Hard Drive Systems

Kevin Darling

Independent Programmer
Overview of OS-9

Art Flexser

SpectroSystems

Extending the Capabilities of
BASIC

Dr. Martin Goodman, M.D.

RAINBOW Contributing Editor
Two CoCo Consultations Live

Ed Hathaway

Glenside CoCo Club
Organizing a CoCo Club

Cecil Houk

Rulaford Research
Music, MIDI and the CoCo

Jutta Kapfhammer

RAINBOW Managing Editor
Writing for Publication

William Nee

Independent Programmer
Machine Language Made BASIC

Dale Puckett

RAINBOW Contributing Editor
Overview of BASIC09

Dick White

RAINBOW Contributing Editor
Spreadsheets for the CoCo

Sister Berdelle Wiese

Community Computer Consultant
CoCo and the Teacher

€•€• COMMUNITY MLAKFAf T

Rick Adams — Software Developer

Our keynote speaker for the traditional CoCo Community Breakfast
is Rick Adams, who is the founder of Color Central Software and the
author of programs like DELPHIterm, Tandy's Temple of ROM and
Activision's CoCo 3 version of Shanghai.

Mr. Adams will describe his life as a programmer on the "front lines"
of the ongoing efforts to program software for the CoCo 3, including
humorous "war stories" from some of his software developments.

Don't forget . . .

If yours is one of the first 500 ticket orders, a coupon for a complimentary
issue of The Second RAINBOW book of Simulations will be enclosed with
your tickets — if yours is one of the first five orders received from your state,
a coupon for a complimentary RAINBOWfest T-shirt will be enclosed with
your tickets. So hurry up and place your order to take advantage of this offer.

RAINBOWfest - Chicago, Illinois
Dates: April 14-16, 1989
Hotel: Hyatt Regency Woodfield
Rooms: $66 per night,
single or double

Advance Ticket Deadline: March 31,
1989

Join us at a future RAINBOWfest!

RAINBOWfest - Somerset, New Jersey

Dates: October 20-22, 1989

Hotel: The Somerset Hilton

Rooms: Single, $65 per night;

Double, $75 per night

Advance Ticket Deadline: October 6,

1989

FREE T-Shirt to first five ticket orders re-
ceived from each state.

First 500 ticket orders received get The
Rainbow Book of Simulations.

YES, I'm coming to Chicago! I want to save by buying tickets now at the special
advance sale price. Breakfast tickets require advance reservations.

Please send me:

Three-day ticket(s) at $9 each total

One-day ticket(s) at $7 each total

Circle one: Friday Saturday Sunday

Name

(please print)

Address

Saturday CoCo Breakfast
at $12 each

RAINBOWfest T-shirt(s)

at $6 each

Specify size:

S M . L „

City

State

total

Telephone
Company .

ZIP

(T-shirts must be picked up at the door)
Handling Charge $1

TOTAL ENCLOSED

(U.S. Currency Only, Please)

□ Payment Enclosed, or Charge to:
□ VISA □ MasterCard □ American Express

Account Number

Exp. Date

□ Also send me a hotel reservation card for the

Hyatt Regency Woodfield ($66, single or double oj anature
room). 9

Advance ticket deadline: March 31, 1989. Orders received less than two weeks prior to show opening will be held for you
at the door. Tickets will also be available at the door at a slightly higher price. Tickets will be mailed six weeks prior to show.
Children 4 and under, free; over 4, full price.

Make checks payable to: The RAINBOW. Mail to: RAINBOWfest, The Falsoft Building, 9509 U.S. Highway 42, P.O.
Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059. To make reservations by phone, in Kentucky call (502) 228-4492, or outside Kentucky
(800) 847-0309.

1 F e atur e

16K ECB

Surround your favorite program with
this bright border

A Moving Rainbow Border

By Marc Gagnon

A are your programs looking a
little dull? Do they lack the
visual impact you think they
deserve? Help is on the way. This little
number is designed to spruce up that
intellectually stimulating — but visually
barren — program. CoCo Tour will
help you brighten your programs by
adding a flashing, multicolored border.

This machine language routine, used
with a BASIC program, outlines the
screen with a moving rainbow border.
Although the program will run on a
CoCo 1, 2 or 3, the CoCos 1 and 2 allow
only a 32-column screen. CoCo 3, on
the other hand, offers a 32-, 40- or 80-
column screen. The program will adjust
itself to run on the various screen
widths.

First, type in and save Listing 1
containing data statements. Now, run
the program. After this program is
finished poking in the necessary ma-
chine language routine, it will prompt
you for saving the routine to tape or
disk.

The default address, &HE00, is writ-

ten in a position-independent code. If
you want to load it at a different ad-
dress, just use the appropriate offset.
Before using the program, define the
entry address. Unless you. use an offset,
type DEFUSR=&HE00.

In this program, the format is
Pi=U5R(xjc) ,yy, where A is the ASCII
code returned by the function, xx is the
speed and yy is the direction. If the
speed is zero, the function will not wait
for a key. It will flash onto the screen
one time and then return to BASIC. If the
speed is not zero, the function will
determine the turning speedy and the
screen will turn until you press a key.
The direction of the turn, yy, can be 0
(turn left), 1 (turn right) or 2 (do not
turn).

The format may be used in the follow-
ing manner:

R=U5R(100) ,1 Turns the screen to the

right until you press a
key.

fl=USR(l) ,1

Turns in the same
manner, but faster.

Marc Gagnon, a university student, is
a self-taught programmer, who enjoys
assembly language programming.

A=USR(100),0 Turns the screen to the

left until you press a
key.

112 THE RAINBOW April 1989

R=USR ( 0 ) , 2 Draws a border with-
out turning and re-
turns.

Notice that 10 R=USR(1) ,1 has the
same effect as the following:

10 A=USR(0),1
20 IF fl=0 THEN 10

The xx and yy do not need to be
constants. Use variables to create spe-
cial effects. If you would like to center
a line at a specified point, there is a
built-in function to create this effect.

The format used to print a line is
Afl$=USR and {"xx string-to-print"),
where Fi$ is a dummy variable (not used)
and xx is present as the vertical coor-
dinate. If this coordinate is outside the
sreen (Le., if xx is greater than 15 on a
32-column screen, or greater than 23 on

a 40- or 80-column screen), the string
will be printed on the last available line
(i.e., 15 or 23). If xx is not present, the
line will be printed at the last position
used. (See the demo program). String-
to-print is the line you want to print. If
this variable is not present, this function
will only set the new position. (Note:
Leading spaces of the string are
skipped. If you want to use a number
for the first character of the string, begin
the string with a space (i.e., to print "10

Hi!," use fi$=USR(" 10 Hi!")).

Some examples of use are as follows:

R$=USR("10 SRLUT LES RMIS")
prints "SALUT LES AMIS" at Line
10.

R$=USR( "10 SRLUT LES RM

IS") does the same thing.

R$=USR( "9") causes Line 9 to be
used in the next call unless another
coordinate is specified.

R$=L)5R( "SRLUT") prints "SALUT"
on the current line.

R$=USR( " ") is not an error;
nothing will happen.

More examples are included in the
program, CoCo Tour Demo.

(Questions or comments about these
programs may be directed to the author
at 1105 Thibeau, Cap-de-la- Madeleine,
Quebec, Canada G8T 7 B3. Please
enclose an SASE when requesting a
reply.) □

170 ...

. 81

250

290 . . .

113

340

196

END ..

...251

Listing 1: CDCDTOUR
0 1 COPYRIGHT 1989 F ALSO FT, INC

10
20
30
40
50

****************************

» * COCOTOUR *

1 * by marc gagnon *
****************************

PC LEAR 1

DK= PEEK(&HBA)=14
*7j0 CLS:PRINTSTRING$(32,175) ;"COC
OTOUR - BY MARC GAGNON" ; CHR$ ( 13 )
/"COPYRIGHT (C) JUNE 1987";CHR$(
13) ;STRING$(3 2, 175)
80 PRINT " THERE ARE 17 LINES, WA
IT!"

90 AD=&HE00

100 PRINT"READING FROM LINE: ";:

PO=PEEK(136) *256+PEEK(137) -1024

110 ' FOR T=l TO 17

120 CS=0:READ CK,NU:PRINT@PO,PEE

K(49)*256+PEEK(50) ;

130 FOR Y=l TO NU: READ A$ : POKE

AD , VAL ( " &H"+A$ ) : CS=CS+VAL ( " &H"+A

$) : AD=AD+1 : NEXT Y

140 IF CSOCK THEN PRINT" ERROR!

" : END ELSE NEXT T

150 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT" START : &H

E00 DECIMAL: 3584"

160 PRINT "END : &H1224 DECIMA

L: 4644"

170 IF DK THEN PRINT "READY DISK
IN DRIVE 0" ELSE PRINT "READY CAS
SETTE"

INPUT"PRESS ENTER" ;A
IF DK THEN SAVEM" COCOTOUR" , &
l,&H12 24,&HE00:GOTO 210
CSAVEM" COCOTOUR" , &HE00 , &H122
"-10

jS : PRINT" COCOTOUR IS READY
USED": END

5889,64,4D,10,2B,1,15,B

A7'
E7
10

180

190 IF
HE00
200 ™
4,&HE00
210 CLS
TO
220
D,B3
6,86,
/0/F0
30, 8B
10,5D,27
,FF

230 DATA
, 1,AF, Dn
F,81,2,
1,E7,10,
,D6,D,E7
,D0,27,6
240 DATA

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 113

260 DATA 6691,64,F5,1A,50,C6,36,
F7 ,FF,A4 , 39 , C6 , 3C, F7 , FF, A4 ,39,86
,E2,BD,81,32,26,1,39,F,E7,39,8D,
F3,AE,2,5D,10,27,0,F4,E7,8D,1,23
,A6,84,17,1,6,26,39,6A,8D,1,18,3
0,1,80,30^7,80,1,12^6,84,17,0,
F3,26

270 DATA 5693, 64,26, 6A,8D, 1,5,30

, 1, 80, 30 , 34 , 2 , A6, 8D, J3 , FD, C6, A, 3D

,EB,E0,D,E7,27,4,C1,17,20,2,C1,F

,23,3,5A,20,F1,E7 / 8D,0,E5 / 6D,8D,

0,DF,10,27,0,A8,86,20,A1,84,26,8

,6A,8D,0,D1, 30, 1, 20, EA, 34, 10, 30

280 DATA 8569,64,8D,1,E1,96,E7,E

6,86,E0,8D,0,BF,54,E7,8D,0,BB,96

,E7,27,3E,4F,E6,8D,0,B2,BD,B4,F4

,BD,BD,D9,8E,3,DA,31,8D,0,A9,17,

0,82,86,2C,A7,3F,10,AF,8D,0,9B,4

F,E6,8D,0,95,BD,B4,F4,BD,BD,D9,8

E, 3,DA

290 DATA 6285, 64, 10,AE,8D, 0,88,8
D / 64,31 / 8D / 0,84,CE,F8,D2,8D,48,2
0,21 / A6,8D,0,76,C6,20,3D,8E,4,0,
30,8B,E6,8D,0,69,3A,8C,4,0,10,25
,A4 / 60 / 8C / 5,FF,10,22,A4,59,9F,88

,35, 10, 31 ,80,0,6b, E6 f 8D,0,4D, A6 f
80, A7

300 DATA 6497,64,A0,5A,26,F9,86,

22,A7,A0,86,3B,A7,A0,6F,20,31,8D

,0,51,CE,B8 ,F7,20,1,39,9E,A6,34,

10,31,3F,10,9F,A6,9D,9F,AD,40,35

,10,9F,A6,E,A5,A6,80,A7,A0,26,FA

,39,81,30,25,7,81,39,22,3,^,4,3

9,1C,FB,39

310 DATA 7942,64,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,F

F, FF,FF,3 ,0,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF,0,
0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF,
FF,FF,0,22,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF,0,0,0
,0,FF,PF,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,
FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF

320 DATA 8160,64,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,F
F,FF,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF,0
,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF
; FF,PF,0 / 0,0 f 0,FF f FF, PF, FF, 0,0,0
,0 ; FF,FF,FF,FF, 0,0,0, 0,FF,FF,FF,
FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF

330 DATA 8160 / 64,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,F
F , FF , FF , FF , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , FF , FF , FF , FF , 0
,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF
,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF, 0,0,0
, 0 , FF , FF , FF , FF , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , FF , FF ,FF,
FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF

340 DATA 8160,64,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,F
F,FF,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF,0
,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF
,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF, 0,0,0
, 0 , FF , FF , FF , FF , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , FF , FF , FF ,
FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF

350 DATA 6851,64,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,F
F , FF , FF , FF , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , FF , FF , FF , FF , 0
,0,0,0,FF,FF,FF,FF,0,0,0,0,FF,FF
,FF,FF, 0,0, 20, 28, 50, 4, 0,4, IF, 0,1
,4,3F,5,FF,0,20,5,FE,5,E0,FF,FF,
5,C0,4,20,FF,E0,0

360 DATA 7161, 64, 80,0, 80, 4E, 0,2,

80,9E,87,7E,0,50,87,7C,87,30,FF,

FE,86,E0,80,50,FF,B0,0,80,0,80,9

C,0,4,81,3C,8E,FC,0,A0,8E,F8,8E,

60,FF,FC,8D,C0,80,A0,FF,60,0,4,0

,5,E0,0,20,5,E1,5,FF,0,1,5,DF

370 DATA 6743,64,4,1F,FF,E0,4,1E

,4,1,FF,FF,0,80,0,87,30,0,50,87,

32,87,7E,0,2,87,2E,80,4E,FF,B0,8

0,4C,80,2,FF,FE,0,80,0,8E,60,0,~A

0,8E,64,8E,FC,0,4,8E,5C,80,9C,FF

,60,80,98,80,4,FF,FC,0,43,4F,50

380 DATA 2268,36,59,52,49,47,48,

54, 20, 28, 43, 29, 20, 4A, 55, 4E, 45, 20

, 31, 39, 38, 37, 20, 42, 59, 20, 4D, 41, 5

2,43,20,47,41,47,4E,4F,4E / 2E

280 ......159

520 .......54

730 175

930 ......253

1140 14

1340 81

1560 22

1760 65

END 82

Listing 2: CCTDEMO

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80

***************************

* COCOTOUR DEMO PROGRAM *

* BY MARC GAGNON *

* COPYRIGHT (C) JUNE 1987 *
***************************

load & define

100
110

120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190

200
210
220
230
EN

)

240

PCLEAR1
•USE CLOADM WITH TAPE
LOADM" COCOTOUR"
POKE&HFF40 ,0 : 'FOR DISK ONLY
DEFUSR=&HE00

•IF COC03 C3=-l ELSE C3=0
C3=(PEEK(&HE2BD)=ASC("2") )

SA$=STRING$ ( 30 , " * " )

GOTO 520: 'PRESENTATION
»

• subroutines

IF NOT C3 OR PEEK(&HE7)=0 TH
A$=USR("14") ELSE A$=USR ( " 2 2 "

A$=USR( "PRESS ANY KEY")

114 THE RAINBOW April 1989

25j3 RETURN
260 '
270 ■
280 CLS

290 A$=USR("01 LET'S TURN !")
300 RETURN
310 «
320 1

330 GOSUB 280 : 'MESSAGE

340 A$=USR("05 TO TURN RIGHT SLO

WLY USE :»)

350 A$=USR("07 A=USR(200) , 1")

360 GOSUB230: 'WAITKEY

370 A=USR(200) ,1

380 GOSUB 280: 'MESSAGE

390 A$=USR("05 TO TURN LEFT FAST

ER USE :")

400 A$=USR("07 A=USR(50) ,0")

410 GOSUB 230:'WAITKEY

420 A=USR(50) ,0

430 GOSUB280: 'MESSAGE

440 A$=USR("05 IF YOU DO NOT WAN

T THE")

4 50 A$=USR("07 SCREEN TO TURN US
E :")

460 A$=USR("10 A=USR(60) ,2")
470 GOSUB 230:'WAITKEY
480 A=USR(60) ,2
490 RETURN

500 '

510 ' presentation
520 IF C3 THEN WIDTH40:CLS5 ELSE
CLS

530 A$=USR("5"+SA$)
540 A$=USR("7"+SA$)
550 A$=USR("6 COCOTOUR - BY MARC
GAGNON")

560 A$=USR("10 A RAINBOW SCREEN
FOR YOUR")

570 A$=USR("12 COCO 1,2 OR 3")
580 GOSUB 230:'WAITKEY
590 A=USR(100) ,1
600 '

610 'features
620 CLS

630 A$=USR("01 WHAT TO DO WITH C
OCOTOUR ?")

640 A$=USR("03 YOU CAN MAKE YOUR
SCREEN")

650 A$=USR("04 TURN IN ANY MODE
32,40 OR 80")

660 A$=USR("05 YOU SPECIFY TO TU
RN LEFT")

670 A$=USR("06 OR RIGHT... 11 )

680 A$=USR("07 YOU ALSO CHOOSE T

HE SPEED.")

690 A$=USR("09 AND MORE : A BUIL
D IN")

★ ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★a-***

*
*
*
*
★
★
★
★
★
*
★
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*
*
★
★
★
★
★
*
*
★
*
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*
★
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*
★
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*
*
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*
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EDUCATORS-EXPERIMENTORS
CoCo EXPANDERS

Robotics - Synthesizers - Control, -A/D

EXTENDER • Extends Bus &

control lines for
easy access

1 horizontal &

2 vertical sockets
Logic Analyzer
Plug In

Gold connectors

$45.00

RAINBOW

ctmm*twH

All cartridge slot
lines are brought out
Use with Basic or M.L.
Bread board style
output connectors
Use alone or with
extender

Gold edge connector

'Bread Board I/O"

$39.50

★
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SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:

FRASER INSTRUMENT CO.

P.O. BOX 712
MERIDIAN, ID 83642

208-888-5728

Please add $3.50 S/H
+ $1 .00 ea.
additional item
Idaho Residents Add
5% Sales Tax
Allow 2-3 weeks for
Personal Checks

9-6 M-F (MST)

930. _W _2 3_r d _S t ._ .Suite _£6
fg ffip* flz.. 83^82

fl-F 8_LQOam _faLOO&m_HST

11 HB6&LfiBiyfS_

System consist* o-f 20Hsg CHI hard drive, WD1002-SHD controller,
DISTO HD INTERFACE power supply, case and all necessary cables
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April 1989 THE RAINBOW 115

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TOUR AND WHEN")

1540 NEXT T:G0T0 1490

112)3 A$=USR("j35 I'LL COME BACK,

1550 A$=USR("07 SEE BETWEEN LINE

116 THE RAINBOW April 1989

THE L
EI

S 1490-1550")

1560 A$=USR("08 TO SEE WHAT HAS
JUST HAPPENED" )

1570 A$=USR("10 IF THE NUMBER IS

OUTSIDE THE")
1580 A$=USR("11 SCREEN, THE STRI
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1590 A$=USR("12 PRINTED ON TH" *
AST LINE")

1600 A$=USR("13 SO IT WILL BE
THER 15 OR 23")
1610 GOSUB 230:'WAITKEY
1620 A=USR(60) ,0
1630 '
1640 CLS

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BOUT STRINGS:")

1660 A$=USR("03 LEADING SPACES A

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1680 A=USR ( 1 ) ,2

1690 1

1700 •

1710 'now, the trick

1720 CLS

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1750 A$=USR("08 THAT IS 'PAS MAL

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1770 FOR T=l TO 8:A=USR(0),1

1780 IF A<>0 THEN 1860
1790 FOR Y=l TO 10: NEXT Y
1800 NEXT T

1810 FOR T=l TO 8:A=USR(0),0
1820 IF A<>0 THEN 1860
1830 FOR Y=l TO 10: NEXT Y
1840 NEXT T
1850 GOTO 1770

1860 A$=USR("12 THIS WAS IN LINE

S 1770-1850")

1870 GOSUB 230:'WAITKEY

1880 A=USR(90) ,0

1890 •

1900 'conclusion

1910 CLS

1920 A$=USR("03 OTHER APPLICATIO
NS")

1930 A$=USR("05 IS UP TO YOU
1940 A$=USR("09 HAVE FUN")
1950 A$=USR("08 **********")
1960 A$=USR("10 **********«)
1970 GOSUB 230:'WAITKEY
1980 A=USR(100) ,1
1990 CLS
2000 END

i ii

)

FILE TRANSFER UTILITIES

XXX: Reviews - December Rainbow Dale Puckelt - November Rainbow. XXX

The GCS File Transfer Utilities provide a simple and quick method to transfer
text and binary files from 2nd to 2 variety of floppy disk formats.

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With GCS File Transfer Utilities, just place the PC (MSDOS), RSDOS, FLEX or
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PCDUMP
PCREAD
PCWRITE

directory of PC disk
display PC disk seder
read file from PC disk
write file to PC disk

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PCDELETE delete PC file
PCFORMAT format PC disk

RSDIR
RSDUMP
RSREAD
RSWRITE

FLEXDIR
FLEXDUMP
FLEXREAD
FLEXWRITE

directory of RSDOS disk
display RSDOS disk sector
read file from RSDOS disk
write file to RSDOS disk

directory of FLEX disk
display FLEX disk sector
read FLEX tile
write file to FLEX disk

Extensive Single, double sided disks. Single, double density disks. 35, 40
options or BO track floppy drives. 8 or 9 sectors (PC). First level sub-

directories (PC). Binary files. Use pipes tor direct and multiple
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Requires OS-9. 2 drives (one can be hard or ramdisk). Multi-Vue for Multi-Vue
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April 1989 THE RAINBOW 117

Featur e

Measuring those gut feelings

Decisions

By Willis Stanley

Whether you are a small-
business person looking for
the right spreadsheet to man-
age your business or a recent college
graduate trying to choose the best of
several job offers, right decisions often
require weighing more than a couple of
factors. This program, A HP, helps you
with multifactor decisions.

Take for example the case of a bud-
ding writer thinking of buying a word
processor for that shiny new Color
Computer. Besides cost, there are sev-
eral features of a word processor to
consider — memory buffers, printer
compatibility and so forth. [See "Decid-
ing What's Write For You," Page 26, for
an in-depth look at comparing word
processors.] Which factors are most
important? Which program has more of
the factors you consider important?
This is where AHP is useful.

The program applies a decision-
making tool called the Analytic Hi-
erarchy Process developed in 1980 by
Thomas L. Saaty and published in
his book The Analytic Hierarchy
Process. AHP allows the user to
(a) quantify his feelings about
the possible choices for each
factor he considers important;

Willis Stanley is a graduate
student at George Washing-
ton University. He is inter-
ested in serious Co Co ap-
plications despite his
continuing addiction to
Thexder.

CoCo 3 16K ECB Modification

(b) make sure his expressions of prefer-
ence are logically consistent with one
another; (c) assign relative measures of
importance for each factor under con-
sideration; and (d) produce a mathe-
matical representation of his preference
for each of the alternatives in question.
The program does this for problems
dealing with three to five alternatives
and three to^five factors of importance.
It attempts to provide an expression of
the user's preference and is one of many
techniques designed for that purpose.
For this reason, it is best to think of
AHP as a tool rather than an oracle.
With that in mind, no user should make
a decision based solely on the program's
recommendation.

Using AHP, let's take the word pro-
cessor example used earlier and walk
through the process.

Suppose you have narrowed your
choice down to three software pack-
ages: Word 7, Word 2, and Word 3.
Now load and run AHP. First you are
asked for the number of alternatives in
the problem. Enter 3. Next the program
asks for the number of factors in the
problem. We identified cost, printer
compatibility and memory-buffer size
so enter 3 for this also. Now name each
alternative and factor. (Short names
keep the screen neat, so try to use them
whenever possible.)

AHP then asks you several questions
comparing your preferences for each
alternative in consideration of the
factors you listed as important for your
decision. For example, "In terms of
cost, how does Word 1 compare to
Word 2 using the scale below?" Using
the scale on the screen, ranging from . 1 1

to 9, enter the number most closely
corresponding with your feelings. If you
strongly prefer Word i's cost compared
to Word 2's cost enter a 6. A strong
dislike of Word 7's cost compared with
Word 2's cost earns a .166. The program
continues asking questions until it has
enough information to compare alter-
natives for that particular fact.

Before continuing, the program
checks your answers for consistency by
running your responses through a
mathematical process, which deter-
mines if your answers have a clear
correlation to make a meaningful anal-
ysis. If there is not a logical relationship,
the program prompts you to either
reanswer the questions for that factor or
end the program and rethink your
responses.

An example of inconsistency is rating
Word 1 as extremely preferred over
Word 2, Word 2 extremely preferred
over Word 3, and Word 3 extremely
preferred over Word L There is no
logical relationship between the
answers, and any conclusion based on
them is faulty. If the relationships are
consistent, you proceed to questions for
the next factor — in this case, printer
compatibility. The process repeats itself
until all factors are exhausted.

Once factors are exhausted, you
judge the relative importance of each
factor. For example, we might rate cost
as "slightly preferred" over printer
compatibility and as "unquestionably
preferred" over memory-buffer size,
while printer compatibility is "strongly
preferred" over memory-buffer size.
These responses are checked for consis-
tency and then factored into a final

report, which offers a numerical rank-
ing of the three word processors, with
the highest number as the recom-
mended choice.

Although AHP was written on a
CoCo 3, it should be relatively easy to
adapt it for use on older CoCos. Simply
delete Line 10 and reformat the infor-
mation that prints to the screen, keeping
in mind your screen width.

The program helps you to understand
the mathematics behind the process.
But for those interested in application
of the technique or program modifica-
tion (please feel free to do so), I strongly
recommend consulting one of many
management science textbooks availa-
ble in most college bookstores and
libraries. If you are confident in mod-
ifying the program to allow use of a
wider range of alternatives and factors,
you'll need the following information
for the set of n values in the Rl=l/«
equation (lines 1 190, 2240 and 3280 are
examples).

Number of alternatives

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Value for n

.00

.58

.90
1.12
1.24
1.32
1.41

(Questions or comments regarding
this program may be directed to the
author at 115 D Street, Apt. 103, Wash-
ington, DC 20003. Please enclose an
SASE when requesting a reply.) □

149

2180

197

300

111

3090

174

410

222

3230

..,.87

1030 , ,

219

END

186

2040 . .

227

Listing 1: AHP

0
1

•BY WILLIS STANLEY
•23 NOV 1988

'USE OF THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY

PROCESS IN
5 "MULTI-FACTOR DECISION MAKING
(3-5 FACTORS)
1/3 WIDTH80

20 DIM R$(5) ,J$(5) ,P(5) ,D$(5) ,N(
25) ,G(5) ,AV(5) ,V(5,5) ,T(5) ,S(25)
40 CLS

45 PRINT "THE ALTERNATIVES ARE TH
E DIFFERENT CHOICES YOU COULD MA
KE"

46 PRINT"IN THIS PROBLEM."

47 PRINT

50 INPUT"NUMBER OF ALTERNATIVES
BEING CONSIDERED" ;C
60 IFC<3 THEN GOTO 50: IF C>5 TH
EN GOTO 50

April 1 989 THE RAINBOW 119

64 PRINT : PRINT

65 PRINT" THE FACTORS ARE THE THI
NGS YOU THINK ARE IMPORTANT IN J
UDGING WHICH"

66 PRINT" ALTERNATIVE YOU PREFER,
ii

67 PRINT

70 INPUT" NUMBER OF FACTORS TO BE

ING CONSIDERED" ;W

80 IFW<3 THEN GOTO70:IF W>5THEN

GOTO70

90 CLS : FORX=lTOC

100 INPUT "ENTER NAME FOR ALTERNA

TIVE "?R$(X) : NEXTX

110 CLS:FORX=lTOW

120 INPUT" ENTER NAME FOR FACTOR

M ;J$(X) :NEXTX

130 FORX=lTOC:D$(X)=R$(X) :NEXTX

140 IF H*13 THEN GOTO 530

150 IF F<>1 THEN B«W ELSE B=l

160 IFF=1THENA=W ELSE A=C

170 IFFOITHEN GOTO 200

180 FOR X=1T0W

190 D$(X)=J$(X): NEXTX

200 CLS

210 FORK=lTOB

220 CF=0

230 Z=0

The bi-monthly magazine on disk
especially for your CoCo 3 with OS-9 Level 2!

• 10 programs with each issue
to build your OS-9 library!

• Instruction and euamples of
Basic09 procedures to help
with your own programs.

• Program Reviews, Hints, and
Help columns to aduance your
knowledge of OS-9.

• Supplied totally on 5.25" disk

IFor only $34.95, you get all 60
programs and ualuable articles
for a mhole year!

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240 FOR Y=l TO A
250 FOR X= 1 TO A
260 2=2+1

270 IF X<=Y THEN GOTO450
280 IFF S =1THENU$="THE FACTORS' RE
LATIVE IMPORTANCE" ELSE U$=J$ (X)
290 CLS: PRINT" IN TERMS OF »U$
300 PRINT: PRINT"HOW DOES "D$ (Y) "
COMPARE TO "D$(X) " USING THE S
CALE BELOW? "
310 PRINT: PRINT

320 PRINT" 1— EQUAL" i PRINT" 2— VER
Y SLIGHT PREFERENCE", : PRINT" .5
—VERY SLIGHT DISLIKE"
330 PRINT "3— SLIGHT PREFERENCE",
: PRINT" .33--SLIGHT DISLIK

340 PRINT "4 —MODERATE PREFERENCE
" , : PRINT" .25— MODERATE DISL

IKE"

350 PRINT" 5— DEFINITE PREFERENCE
" , : PRINT" , 20— DEFINITE DISL

IKE" M&i
360 PRINT " 6 ■ — STRONG PREFERENCE' 1 ,
•.PRINT" .166— STRONG DISLI

KE" : . ■ - : '

370 PRINT "7— VERY STRONG PREFERE
NCE « , : PRINT" . 14 —VERY STRONG D
ISLIKE"

380 PRINT" 8— EXTREME PREFERENCE"
, : PRINT" . 125— EXTREME DISL

IKE"

390 PRINT"9 — UNQUESTIONED PREFER
ENCE" , : PRINT" . 11 — UNQUESTIONED
DISLIKE"

400 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT "ENTER THE
NUMERICAL VALUE THAT REPRESENTS
YOUR PERCEPTION OF"

401 PRINT D$(Y) H WHEN COMPARED W
ITH "D$(X)

410 INPUT"??" ;N(Z)
420 IF N(Z)>9 THEN GOTO 410
430 IFN(Z)<.1 THEN GOTO 410
440 CLS

450 NEXTX : NEXT Y

460 IFA=3 THEN GOSUB1000

470 IFA=4 THEN GOSUB2000

480 IFA=5 THEN GOSUB3000

490 IF CF=1 THEN GOTO 230

500 NEXT K

510 IFF=1THENH=13

520 F=1:GOTO140

530 FORX=lTOC : FORY=lTOW

540 0=V(Y,X) *AV(Y)

550 P(X)=P(X)+0

560 NEXTY : NEXTX

570 CLS : PRINT"TOTAL WEIGHTED EVA

LUATION : " : PRINT : PRINT

580 FORX=lTOC

590 PRINTR$(X) , :PRINTP(X)

120 THE RAINBOW April 1989

6j3j3 NEXTX

610 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT"HIGHEST VA

LUE IS RECOMENDED CHOICE"

62J3 PRINT "OK, YOU'RE BACK IN BAS

IC.":END

'PROCESS FOR 3 ALTERNATIVES
101J3 N ( 1 ) =1 : N (4) =1/N (2) :N( 5) =1 IN

(7) =1/N(3) :N(8)=1/N(6) :N(9)=1
102)3 FORX=lTOA:G(X)=j3: NEXTX
1J330 FOR X=l TO A: FOR Y= X TO 2

STEP A

1)340 G(X)=G(X)+N(Y) : NEXT Y : NEXTX
105j3 S(1)=N(1)/G(1) :S(4)=N(4)/G(

1) :S(7)=N(7)/G(1)

1060 S(2)=N(2)/G(2) :S(5)=N(5)/G(

2) :S(8)=N(8)/G(2)

1070 S(3)=N(3)/G(3) :S(6)=N(6)/G(

3) :S(9)=N(9)/G(3)

1080 AV (1) = (S ( 1) +S ( 2 ) +S (3) )/3

1090 AV(2)=(S(4)+S(5)+S(6) )/3

1100 AV ( 3 ) - ( S ( 7 ) +S ( 8 ) +S ( 9 ) ) /3

1110 IFFOITHEN V(K,1)=AV(1)

1120 IFFOITHEN V(K,2)=AV(2)

1130 IFFOITHEN V(K, 3 ) =AV( 3)

1140 T(1)=((AV(1) *N(1) )+(AV(2)*N

(2))+(AV(3)*N(3)))/AV(l)

1150 T ( 2 ) = ( ( AV ( 1 ) *N (4) )+(AV(2) *N

(5))+(AV(3)*N(6)))/AV(2)

1160 T(3)=((AV(1)*N(7) )+(AV(2)*N

(8) )+(AV(3)*N(9) ) )/AV(3)
1170 L=(T(1)+T(2)+T(3) )/3
1180 I=(L-3)/(3-l)

1190 RI=I/.58
1200 GOSUB4000
1210 RETURN

2000 'PROCESS FOR 4 ALTERNATIVES
2010 N(l)=l:N(5)=l/N(2) :N(6)=1:N

(9) =1/N(3) :N(10)=1/N(7) :N(11)=1
2020 N(13)=l/N(4) :N(14) =1/N(8) :N
(15)=1/N(12) :N(16)=1

2030 F0RX=1 TO A: G (X) =0 : NEXT X
2040 FOR X=l TO A: FOR Y=X TO Z S
TEP A

2050 G(X)=G(X)+N(Y) :NEXT Y : NEXT
X

With Max-10:
Word Processing

becomes fun or
your money back,

See around page 1 9 for info. I^olo/mare

2060 S(1)=N (1)/G (1) S S (2 ) =N(2 ) /G (
2) :S(3)=N(3)/G(3) :S(4)=N(4)/G(4)
2070 S(5)=N(5)/G(1) : S (6) =N (6) /G (
2 ) : S ( 7 ) =N ( 7 ) /G(3) : S ( 8 ) =N ( 8)/G ( 4 )
2080 S(9)=N(9)/G(1) :S (10)=N(10)/
G(2) :S(11)=N(11)/G(3) :S(12)=N(12
)/G(4)

2090 S(13)=N(13)/G(1) :S(14)=N(14
)/G(2) :S(15)=N(15)/G(3) :S(16)=N(
16)/G(4)

2100 AV(1) = (S(1)+S(2)+S(3)+S(4) )
/4

2110 AV(2)=(S(5)+S(6)+S(7)+S(8) )
/4

2120 AV(3)=(S(9)+S(10)+S(11)+S(1
2)1/4

2130 AV(4)=(S(13)+S(14)+S(15)+S(
16))/4

2140 IF FOl THEN V(K>1) =AV(1)
2150 IF FOl THEN V(K,2)=AV(2)
2160 IF FOl THEN V(K,3)=AV(3)
2170 IF FOl THEN V(K,4)=AV(4)
2180 T(l) = ( (AV(1) *N(1) ) + (AV(2) *N
(2))+(AV(3)*N(3))+(AV(4)*N(4)))/
AV(1)

2190 T(2) = ((AV(1) *N(5) ) + (AV(2) *N
( 6 ) ) + ( AV ( 3 ) *N( 7) ) + (AV(4) *N (8) ) )/

MUTANT MINERS

Battle mutant uranium miners in a run for your life, action-packed,

arcade style game. 10 levels with 10 screens per level!
100% Machine Language (CoCo 1 , 2 or 3 and Joystick) $19.95

BURIED BUXX

Fly your helicopter into enemy territory, dig
up the loot and return to base.
Watch out for the ever-present patrol aircraft and
ground based missiles.
100% Machine Language (CoCo 1, 2 or 3 and Joystick) $19.95

See Review 'Rainbow' 2/89

REVENGE of the
MUTANT MINERS

CoCo 3 owners rejoice! Muntant Miners is back with game
configuration mode and much more!
Joystick required, $19.95

Many more programs available including:

Milestones, Fontgerv Dtskaase, Picture Puzztes,

JR & JR SOFTSTUFF

P.O. BOX 1 1 8 • Lompoc, CA • 93438 • (805) 735-3889

Orders Accepted 24 Hours a Day.
All Programs on Diskette Only.

Alt orders add $3.00 shipping. C.O.D. orders $4.00 additional

You can usually get us in person from 5-9 PM PST.
If you get the machine, leave a message
and we will call back at your convenience.
CALL OR WRITE FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF AVAILABLE PROGRAMS.

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 121

T & D SOFTWARE PRICE

ISSUE #1, JULY 1982

ISSUE #8, FEB., 1983

ISSUE #15, SEPT. 1983

ISSUE #22, APRIL 1984

ISSUE #29, NOV. 1984

ISSUE #36, JUNE 1985

COVER I

COVER 8

MYSTERY COVER PT.2

HEALTH HINTS

DISK ROLL OUT

SELECT A GAME 2

RACE TRACK

DEFEND

GOLD VALUES

GLIBLIBS

ROBDT ON

VIDEO COMPUTER

HANGMAN

3 DIMENSIONAL MAZE

TREK INSTRUCTIONS

V IIIbIX II ^ w III <mf W | (V 1 1 w

CLOTHER SLITHER

WL>W 1 1 1 1— ■ 1 WLrl 1 1 1 I— • 1

MULTIP0NG

1*1 U Lb 1 II w 1 * W

SPEECH SYNTHESIS

Wl LLWI 1 W 11*11 ILWIU

MUSIC ALBUM

COCO CONCENTRATION

TREK

BIBLE 1 & 2

wlULL 1 U. Cm

ADVENTURE GENERATOR

nu « Lii i u< il uliili mi v 1 1

SPEECH RECOGNITION

Ul LLWIP § IL WW W P * I ItWP*

LIFE EXPECTANCY

AUTO LINE NUMBERING

HIGH TEXT MODIFICATION

1 1 1 W 1 1 1 mm f * 1 ITI W mJ I 1 1 Vfl 1 1 V_/ I «

BIBLE 3 & 4

UIULL %J LX ~

QUEST ADVENTURE

u u Vm w i nu V Lll i w i ■ l

SPACE LAB

Ul fiWL LOU

WORD TESTS

ML TUTORIAL PT 3A

ITI mam f P V Ml 1 mm 1 1 * V > *

ASTRO OODGE

nu i ■ i\/ uv^ul

CATCH ALL

Wrl 1 Wl 1 r>L_ L.

QUARTER BOUNCE

UUnlll Lll U W Wl wL

AUTO COMMAND

»»u i u. uuimi'iniiw

KILLER MANSION

ML TUTORIAL PT 3B

DR COCO

Wl 1 • wwww

INVADER

DUAL OUTPUT

WWI*k» WW | 1 U 1

COMPUTER MATCHMAKER

WWIill W 1 L' 1 inn 1 W I II wlfii \L i I

BARTENDER

mm ft 99 9 9 p.. " - m \r mm • V

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

1 m \mf ^mf III i w W mm 99 % 11^ 1

PEG JUMP

1 k> \mt \J Km* 1 W I 1

ALIEN RAID

• 1 i— 1 LI* 1 If 1 J W

KEY REPEAT

1 > L 1 1 IL 1 mm f \ 1

KNIGHT & THE LABYRINTH

P\P*fUI 1 1 Wi 1 1 IL LOW 1 1 III* | 1 1

CALENDAR

DUAL BARRIER

MORSE CODE

■ ■ 1 S-f ■ 99mf mm \m* mf U

MOON ROVER

1 * IVw t m *» W * v ' *

FULL EDITOR

1 U LL 1— Wf P W ■ 1

STAR SIEGE

W 1 Ol I WILWL

ROBOT WAR ' •

BRICKS

PURGE UTILITY

I Wl <W^ W 1 II— 1 1 1

10 ERROR IGNORER

IV fc»l 11 Ivl ^ lUlfvl ILI 1

METEOR

l*IL 1 LWI 1

TALKING SPELLING QUIZ

1 OL'VlllU Wl LLLHiw UUIL

ISSUE #2, AUG. 1982

ISSUE #9, MARCH 1983

ISSUE #16, OCT. 1983

ISSUE #23, MAY 1984

ISSUE #30, DEC. 1984

ISSUE #37, JULY 1985

UFO COVER PT: j

TIME MACHINE COVER

MYSTERY COVER

MONEY SAVERS 1 & 2

MATH HELP

CHESS MASTER

BIORYTHM

TRIG DEMO

BOPOTRON

STOCKS OR BOMBS

ZECTOR ADVENTURE

BIBLE 5-7

BOMBARDMENT

PYRAMIO OF CHEOPS

1 II IMIIUU .VI VI ILyl w

DIRECTORY RECALL

U|l II.V 1 V' M 1 1 mm W™ L_ -m

WAI I AROUND

W0RI D CONQUEST

SHIP WREK ADVENTURE

Willi 9*1 ILI V nU * Lll t Ul *L

BLACK JACK

PROGRAM PACKER

VECTOR GRAPHICS INST

V mm w 1 W II Ul 1/ *l 1 1 1 WW 1 1 m W P «

COCO TECHNICAL LOOK PT 1

wwww 1 LUI IlilwrlU LUU|\ T I * I.

DRAG RACE

\mJ } InU 1 lnuL

FILE TRANSFER

1 ILL 1 tiniiUIL-ll,

COST OF LIVING

BUDGET

*mf V** mm* \*9 mm 1

VECTOR GRAPHICS

* bVW 1 Wl ■ Wl l/*l 1 |IWW

NUCLEAR WAR INST

MINE FIELD

lv1M*L 1 ILLU

FOUR IN A ROW

- 1 UU< 1 U» O HUtl

FRENZY y-::. -.s-M

ELECTRONIC DATE BOOK

mm mm \m9 9 1 ■ \J 1 * • W mmf * * 1 M ^* *mf I \

SKYDIVER

\m* 1 ^ 1 mm* t m mm 1 1

THERMONUCLEAR WAR

1 F ILI M 11 w i » w ui-L.ni i n ni 1

T-N0TES TUTORIAL

1 1 * U 1 LW 1 U 1 UI HHL

MARSHY

iTtril IU* 1 1 -

BUSINESS LETTER

ML TUTORIAL PT 4

III L 1 V 1 Wl 1 * fl Lm 1 | » ■

SWERVE AND DODGE

uf ivl ni i w ww w w>—

CIRCUIT BREAKER

w 1 1 1 ww J i unL-nr\L.n

T A D PROGRAM INDEXER

TAPE CONTROLLER

1 HI L UUI * 1 MvLLLI 1

QUICK THINK

VI *^ 1 w f ^ 1 1 '(111* ...

TAPE DIRECTORY

1 «« 1 mm Utl IUW 1 VI 1 1

NIMBO BATTLE

IIHTIUW WO 1 | J— 1—

MOUSE RACES

iviuuwl I InvLU

SYSTEM STATUS

u I u I li vi u i n i uu

CATACOMB

WO 1 oww»*iw

QUEST INSTRUCTIONS

BLOCK-STIR

U 1 II 1

TAPE ANALYSIS UTILITY

1 nl Lm nllnL 1 Wlw U 1 IL. 1 1 1

SUPER S0IIEF7F

FRROR TRAP

AUTO TALK

O U 1 U 1 OL| V

QUEST FOR LENORE

x* *m* UU ■ ■ Wl 1 LI— 1 * U I lb

COCO ADDING MACHINE

LIFE GENERATIONS

DATA FALL

DROLL ATTACK

UllULL *9 \ I "Ul\

SGR8PAK

WL1I 1 wl Ol S

ISSUE #3, SEPT. 1982

ISSUE #19, APRIL 1983

ISSUE #17, NOV. 1983

ISSUE #24, JUNE 1984

ISSUE #31, JAN. 1985

ISSUE #38, AUG. 1985

UFO COVER PT.2

TENTH COVER

THANKSGIVING COVER

DIR PACK & SORT

TREASURES OF BARSOOM

GDLF PARS

BASKETBALL

PYRAMID OF OANGER

3-D TIC-TAC-TOE

BRICK OUT

BATTLEGROUND

WIZARD ADVENTURE

CHUCKLUCK

TYPING TUTOR

1 ' 1 1 f »J W ■ U ■ V<l

INDY 500

1 1 * L ' | JU \mt

COCO TECHNICAL LOOK PT 2

STRUCT COMPILED LANG

W l 1 lUy 1 * UUIVJI ILLU LnllU.

KITE DESIGN

1*1 1 L ULUlUr*

SLOT MACHINE

ML TUTORIAL PT 5

l¥IL- 1 1 Ik/I URL r 1 »V

COLLEGE ADVENTURE

USA SI IDF PU77I F

MINIATURE GOLF

ROBOTS

nuuu i w

ALPHABETIZER

nki 1 I' «UL 1 tLLI ■

TINYCALC

■ Mil UnLU

MEMORY GAME

PVILIVIW7 i ■ univiL

51 *24 SCRFFN FDIT0R

STAR DUEL

U 1 nil u u L L

G0M0KU

UUIilUI\ u

NFL PREDICTIONS

STOCK MARKET COMP

DUNGEON MASTER

uuiiuluii iiinu i ui l

51 *24 SCRFFN EDITOR

UI l t UuHLLIl LUl 1 UN

ARITHMETIC FOOTBALL

r\\ \\ 1 1 UYIL 1 IU 1 UU 1 UnLL

AMULET DF POWER

Ol TIULLI Ul 1 Uf*L||

FLAG CAPTURE

YAH'HOO

WEATHER FORECASTER

CITY INVADFRS

wl 1 I lli vnULliO

GRID RUN

LINE COPY UTILITY

LHiL UUI 1 KJ 1 IL* 1 1

ROBOT BOMBER

MISSILE ATTACK

GRID FACTOR INST

w.i ltw i nu i ui i htw i >

PRINTER SP00LFR

r 1 lill 1 mmlA Jl UULLII

SPIRAL ATTACK

uiJI IHL n 1 I nui>

DISK PLUMBER

UIUI\ 1 LUIVJWLI I

SCREEN PRINT

WWl 1fcaL>IV 1 1 HIH 1

GRID FACTOR

\J 1 i < W 1 < \ w 1 wl 1

STEPS

u | Lru

FAST SORT

\ ~ W 1 UUI \ 1

SUPER RAM CHECKER

UUI Lll 1 iOIWI U| ILUIVLI 1

BRIKPONG

DRAW

W ■ in J »

SNAKE

MUNCHMAN

IVPUMUl IllflOl*

GRAPHIC HORSE RACE

Vil In! 1 l*W 1 * Wl lUL 1 IOUL

ISSUE #4, OCT. 1332

ISSUE #11, MAY 1983

ISSUE #18, OEC. 1983

ISSUE #25, JULY 1984

ISSUE #32, FEB. 1985

ISSUE #39, SEPT. 1985

UFO RESCUE

ELEVENTH COVER

CHRISTMAS CDVER

CLOCK

DR. SIGMUND

0RUNK DRIVING

*»■ 1 | 1. i mm m «B>

TANK BATTLE

ARCHERY

CLIMBER

COCO TECHNICAL LOOK PT.3

ICE WORLD ADVENTURE

CAR MANAGER

DRIVEWAY

FROG JUMP

GALACTIC CONQUEST

SKID ROW ADVENTURE

mm* I XI %0 9 9 9mf WW f ■ mm* W L 1 W 9 \mf * 9 L

LOTTERY ANALYST

L— 9mJ 1 1 LI 1 1 f \f Wf \ L 1 9mW 1

SQUEEZE PLAY

V'UwLLbL 1 LI » 1

SOUNDS

ML TUTORIAL PT.6

WARLORDS

w w 1 il ■ i— X-/ i ■ mm* *— '

MONEY MAKER

9 W f 1 W mm 9 l"|i 11 V- 1 ■

BASIC COMPILER

W»»W l W W \m* III! I L LI 1

SUPER BACKUP

lm-* *— ' | mm | 1 mS fl 1 V ■ 1 - — * 1

BALLOON DROP

MLT DICTIONARY

STATES REVIEW

PIN-HEAD CLEANING

1 111 1 ILnU ULLmilMU

MUSIC CREATOR

■ * i w w i w wi iLn i wi i

RECIPE MACHINE

■ ilwii l innui ll|*L

MIND BOGGLE

BASIC SPEED UP TOT

• mw . V# mmw 1 W m0 Sm* I f 1 *

MATH TUTOR

III fl III 1 W 1 W 1 1

LINE EDITOR INST

LI|VL LWI | Wl 1 fIVW 1 •

MEANIE PATROL

in uni V f L 1 f \ 1 1 IVL

ANTI-AIRCRAFT

nu i • nu iw i ini i

COCO-TERRESTRIAL AoV<

METRIC CONVERTOR

MACHINE LANGUAGE DATA

* m*r > W 1 1 I • 1 9—1 brill V*^' 1 1 *mt mm mm* f 1 1 9 |

LINE EDITOR

LllvL LUI 1 UI 1

TRI-C0L0R CARDS

i i ii \j u lu i l uni iuu

UNREASON ADVENTURE

Ulll IL OW W 1 w nu V L 1 * ■ W IIL

CALORIE COUNTER

GRAPHIC QUAD ANTENNA

a- 1 1 " il 1 1 1 W \M9mf9 9lm* 11] 1 | L.f 1| <f 1

PRINTER UTILITY INST

1 1 III* 1 LI t V ML) | | IIIU 1 •

BOOMERANG

wwwivili iniiu

SHAPE RECOGNITION

U' lltl L 1 ILUvUltl 1 IU'1

TALKING ALPHABET

1 nL|\lliU OLI 1 IflWL ■

JAGK-O-LANTERN

f \\f r \ %b* 9m9 ■ 11 * I

GRAPHICS PROGRAM

9mW P If %m9 mm 9 II m* ^mM 9 H • |

PRINTER UTILITY

1 llllvl fc« 1 I mA 1 ILI 1 f

BUBBLE BUSTER

WWWWLIn WWW ' L 1 1

DISK BACKUP

uiui\ unw i > w i

SUPER VADERS

WW| LI I TOWLI IW

CATERPILLAR CAVE

*S ' > 1 mm III 1 lw 11 • \.f t \ w mm

MUTANT WAFFLES

|*l W 1 * '1 I.I » * f^l | 1 1— Im

R0C0CHET

1 IWWW^WI ILI

SPACE PROTECTOR

UI. ' ' W -m 1 1 1 W P LW 1 Wl 1

AUTOMATIC EDITOR

n W 1 W ITI f ' 1 1 W L W 1 ■ W l »

ISSUE #5, NOV. 1982

ISSUE #12, JUNE 1983

ISSUE #19, JAN. 1984

ISSUE #26, AUG. 1984

ISSUE #33, MAR. 1985

ISSUE #40, OCT. 1985

CATALOG COVER

TWELFTH COVER

BANNER

PEEK POKE & EXECUTE

LIGHT CYCLE

STAR TREK

BOWLING

SHOOTING GALLERY

PROBE

SAUCER RESCUE

PAINT

HAM RADIO LOG

PROGRAM INVENTORY

BOMB STOPPER

DISK DIR PROTECTOR

1 t f \m* 9 \ \m* 1| | || ^mT 1 V-/ 1 \j 1 1

YOUNG TYPER TUTOR

1 \J W 1 v \JI 1 1 1 L 1 1 | W 1 w 1 1

SKEET SHOOTING

W ItLL 1 Wl IUU 1 1P*U

COCO WAR

wwww uni i

PROMISSORY-LOANS

VALLEY BOMBER

■ ■ I mm mm mm i WWI>< Wbl 1

OPTICAL CONFUSION

\m* 9 9 9 V IL \m* 9mf 1 V 1 1/ U 1 — ' 1 1

0-TEL'O

W ILL W

GUITAR NOTES

w w i i ni i i * w i l w

DISK LABELER

uiun lmullli i

CHECKBOOK BALANCER

STAR FIGHTER

WORO PROCESSOR

* * I IW 1 1 IV/ WL wwv ■ <

OLYMPIC EVENTS

W Vm ' 'III t W 1— V LI 1 1 W

Ml DISK ANALYZER

i * 1 1 w i w I \ nimu i lli i

SHIP WAR

ui in f ini i

TRIGONOMETRY TUTOR

WHEEL OF FORTUNE

II 1 1 ^ mm 1 — V-/ 1 9 \m* 111 W * 1

WORD SEARCH

■ I I VjF 1 11/ W bl 1 1 1 W 1 |

00UBLE DICE

WWWWLL Km* IV L

PERSONAL DIRECTORY

1 LI IwUlinL Uip ILW ■ Wl I 1

ELECTRIC COST

L LL W 1 1 IIW WWW 1

CONVOY

9mr \& 1 m ■ V* "

ML TUTORIAL PT 7

1 V 1 ■ — 1 W 1 W 1 Mil la 1 Is*

ASTRONAUT RESCUE

nij i i i w i ifi w i i i l> ww w l

COCO DATABASE

wwww un i nunwk

NAUGHA ADVENTURE

unuui in nuv lii i ui il

MULTIKEY BUFFER

JVIUL 1 Pl\L 1 ' UUI 1 LI \

BAG" IT

MERGE UTILITY

STAR TRAP

w i rn.i i i ini

BATTLE STAR

Un I I LL W 1 nl I

EGGS GAME

LUUU Unlll L , t

NUKE AVENGER

l*U|\L H V LI1WLM

SPECTRA SOUND

«— * 1 l . ■ 11*" 1^/ "-m* lw* ' ■

RAM TEST

I inm i V- w i

PIE CHART

1 > Lb w I i n 1 1 1

C0C0-PIN BALL

w U WU 1 < 1 w UnLL

DISK DIRECTORY PRINT

U IUl\ UI 1 ILU 1 U 1 1 I 11 H|l)

CURSOR KING

CONVEYOR BELT

U vl ' 1 k | 1 ULi^ ■

LANDER

FORCE FIELD

1 W 1 1W1— 1 >LLU

M0NTEZUMAS DUNGEONS

IVIUI* 1 LLUIfing UUIIULUIiv

SPEED KEv

Ul L_ L U lAL j

SAND ROVER

Uni * w ilUVLIi

ISSUE #6, DEC. 1982

ISSUE #13, JULY 1983

ISSUE #20, FEB. 1984

ISSUE #27, SEPT. 1984

ISSUE #34, APRIL 1985

ISSUE #41, NOV. 1985

CHRISTMAS COVER

THIRTEENTH COVER

INTRODUCTION

COCO TO COM 64

HOVER TANK

GRUMPS

RAINDROPS

FLASH CARD

HINTS FOR YOUR COCO

GALACTIC SMUGGLER

POWER SWORD

DISK DRIVE SPEED TEST

STOCK MARKET

ICE BLOCK

ESCAPE ADVENTURE

l. wwO! L» nu v i—J * | UnL

INDY RACE

TERMITE INVASION

i Lnivif i l ii* v nuiu i *

SOLAR CONQUEST

UULOl 1 UUIlUULU 1

ADVANCE PONG

COSMIC FflRTRFSR

uuuiviiu I v>< i nuoo

CFFKFR^

APPPjIINT MANARFR

SPFI 1 INfi PHFPKFR

RAS POST

nF^TROY

MAtl 1 1RT

IVIHIL LlO 1

MA^TFR RRAIN

PASSFTTF MFRRF IITll ITV

UnOOL 1 1 L IVlLnuL U 1 ILI 1 T

RIMF IA/DRI n MISRIDM

eni iKin AWAI V7PR

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nni i arq a pfmt*;

1 IQT PnNTBnl 1 FD

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olnllMu rMUMIMu lUIUnlML

WIMF PAQn PUDIPF

IA/I IIUIPI IQ

PRFATMTV TF^T

Ml TUTHRIAI PT R
IV] L. 1 U 1 UnlnL D.O

niQVFTTF PFPTICIFD
Ulol^F 1 It otnllrltn

CPAPF nilFI

MIIQIP ^FMFRATHR
ivlUalU utlMtnMlUn

PWARAPTFR FniTPiR
brlAnMulCn tUllUn

i/nipp nATA

VU10C UH | H

OUOI\ OUrT

nUIVl UUrT

Rl IRC

CVD nDAPA

nQADUIP TECT
orlArnHj Itol

Ml TIITHRIAI PT 1
lyll- lUIUrUML rl..I

MII^IP QVNTHFQ^PR
IVIUOIU OT rl i ncoii.cn

DACIP DAM

dMoIIj nnlvl

TRAD RAI 1
1 nrtr-DMLL

UniVt Itol

f^DADMIP 1 PHDV
unMrnlU LUUrT

PRAWI FR

QMAFI IC
oNnrUo

QAI i nnM FIDE
OMLLUUIM Tint

PDADUIIP THIID
unMrrllo lUUn

Qni n DDIMT
dULU rntIM 1

ISSUE #7 JAN 1983

ISSUE #14 AUG 1983

ISSUE #21 MAR 19R4

ISSUE #2R ORT 1Q84

luuUL rr&u, Ubi ■ loot

ISSUE #35 MAY

II) JUL Trk/tf, llin 1 I3UJ

ISSUE #42 DEC 1QRS

NEW YEARS COVER

MYSTFRY COVER

liMUILIil VJ\-/ • LI 1

BASIC CONVERSIONS

HANGING TREE

SELECT A GAME 1

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MORE PEEKS & POKES

SOFTBALL MANAGER^

MACH II

SPACE STATION

DISK ZAPPER

COCO TERMINAL

SPELLING CHECKER

FONTS DEMO

ELECTRONIC BILLBOARD

ML TUTORIAL PT. Z

COCD-MONITOR

SNAKE CRAWLER

SOUND DEVELOPMENT

CLOWN DUNK MATH

CAR CHASE

SHOOT OUT

COCO-ARTIST

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WORD GAME

ALPHA MISSION

SUPER MANSION ADVENTURE

FIND UTILITY

ROBOT COMMAND

SKY FIRE

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DOS ENHANCER

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CYBORG INS.

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BLOWOUT

ISSUE #43, JAN. 1986

DUELING CANNONS
WATER COST
ZIGMA EXPERIMENT
MUSICAL CHORDS
SAFE PASSAGE
PASSWORD SCRAMBLER
GUNFIGHT
KEYPAD ENTRY
STYX GAME
PRINTER DIVERT

ISSUE #44, FEB. 1986

.HQ1£ INVENTORY ^
NiNEBAtU
PRINTER REVIEW:
EXPLORER ADVENTURE
SPANISH LESSONS
CROSS FIRE

•J3rtAY;lADY
JOYSTICK ptlfe^'
COSMIC SWEEPEBJ

ISSUE #45, MAR. 1986

INCOME PROPERTY MGMT.
ELECTRONIC BILLBOARD 2
MOUNTAIN BATTLE
THE FIGHT
COCO KEENO
HOCKEY

LOGICAL PATTERNS
ON SCALE SCREEN

ISSUE #50, AUG. 1986

BUSINESS INVENTORY

iD-&C AF|ENA ;: ;i 'M
DISK CLERft'^p^
PC SURVEY^M^
TREASURE HUNT ^
SCREEN GENERATOR
ASTRO SMASH V
NFL SCORES,^ ,,
BARN STORMING
SMASH GAMEK

ISSUE #51; SEPfc 1986

ASSET MANAGER
MONEY CHASE
.FISHING CONTEST:
RIP OFF ;
HAND OFF

OOS EMULATOR
MEM DISK

VARIABLE REFERENCE

ISSUE #52, OCT. 1986

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
WORKMATE SERIES
CALENDAR

INVASIONS r ,;,rvv: :
THE TRIP ADVENTURE'
FOOT RAfcfp
FLIPPY THE SES
SCREEN CALCULATOR

ISSUE #57, MAR, 1987

THE BAKERY

ENCHANGED VALLEY ADV.
SAFE KEEPER
WAR 1

BOMB DISABLE
PIANO PLAYER
SPREAD SHEET
SLOT MANEUVER
LIVING MAZE
GEM SEARCH

ISSUE #58, APRIL 1987

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
PRINTER GRAPHICS
SIMON

PANELING HELPER
MULTI CAKES
CAR RACE
ELECTRONICS I
BATTLE TANK
DISKETTE VERIFY
WEIRDO

ISSUE #59, MAY 1987

GENEOLOGY

HOME PLANT SELECTION
CHECK WRITER
HELIRESCUE
KABOOM

NEW PONG-.

CROQUET
FUNCTION KEYS

ISSUE #64, OCT. 1987

GARDEN PLANTS
FORT KNOX

ELECTRONICS FORMULAS
SNAKE IN THE GRASS
CYCLE JUMP
GEOMETRY TUTOR
WIZARO
GAME OF LIFE
ELECTRONICS 7
FLIGHT SIMULATOR

ISSUE #65, NOV. 1987

TAXMAN

DAISY WHEEL PICTURES
CHILDSTONE ADVENTURE
SIR EGGBERT
CRDWN QUEST
GYM KHANA
COCO 3 DRAWER
FOOTBALL
ELECTRONICS 8
CHOP

ISSUE #66, DEC. 1987
ONE ROOM ADVENTURE
0S9 TUTORIAL
RIVER CAPTAIN
SOUND EFFECTS
BETTING POOL
ADVANCE
MATH TABLES
ELECTRONICS 9

LIBERTY SHIP

ABLE BUILDERS

ZOOM

LOWER TO UPPER

SINGLE STEP RUN

SUPER ERR0R2 i

ELECTRONICS 2

NOIDS

ISSUE #46, APRIL 1986

' 'm Mm mm* * m fllk X." ■ j mm *m. * ■ -L'H * m l m 4m mm M -

ISSUE #53, NOV. 1986

% V. . • _ d_ * « _ » . mm mm lllii mm -_i jk Jh_

ISSUE #60, JUNE 1987

ISSUE #67, JAN. 1988

SPECIAL EVENTS REMINDER

CORE KILL

JOB COSTING

AUDIO LIBRARY

DISK LOCK

LUCKY MONEY

LABELS

SAVE THE EARTH

SMALL BUSINESS MANAGER

COOKIES ADVENTURE

CATCH A CAKE

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

BOMB RUN

NICE LIST

COCO MATCH

LOW RES PICTURES

TANKS

SPANISH QUIZZES

ROBOTS

WORD COUNTER

TAR PITS

PAINT EDITOR

STREET RACERS

BACARAT

BASEBALL

SARVERN CRUISER

BOWLING 3

BATTLE SHIP

NUMBER RELATIONSHIPS

SNAPSHOT

ELECTRONICS 3

ELECTRONICS 10

ROULETTE

MEGA RACE

GRAFIX

TAPE CONVENIENCE

GLOBAL EDITOR

KICK GUY

; KRON

PENQUIN

ISSUE #47, MAY 1986

ISSUE #54, DEC. 1986

ISSUE #61, JULY 1987

ISSUE #68, FEB. 1980

CHRISTMAS LIST

JOB LOG

EZ ORDER

COINFILE

BLACK HOLE

PEGS

SUBMISSION WRITER

WORD COUNTER

PITCHING MANAGER

DIGITAL SAMPLING

KEYS ADVENTURE

SQUIRREL ADVENTURE

SYMBOLIC DIFF.

JUNGLE ADVENTURE

WALLPAPER

AREA CODES

BUG SPRAY

PAINT COCO 3

CHOPPER COMMAND

DRAW POKER

OWARE CAPTURE

CONVERT 3

UNDERSTANDING OPPOSITES

TURTLE RACES

EASY GRAPHICS

COMPUTER TYPE

BIT CODE PLOTTING

ELECTRONICS 11

DESERT JOURNEY

PANZER TANKS

ELECTRONICS 4

MULTI SCREEN

SCREEN CONTROL

MRS PAC

KING PEDE

CANON PRINT

FULL ERROR MESSAGE

BIG NUM

RAIDER

COCO TENNIS

ISSUE #48, JUNE 1986

ISSUE #55, JAN. 1987

ISSUE #62, AUG. 1987

ISSUE #69, MAR. 1988

CHESTER

GRADE BOOK

PENSION MANAGEMENT

POLICE CADET

TV SCHEDULE

MAIL LIST

HERB GROWING

STAMP COLLECTION

BASE RACE

DOWN HILL

CATOLOGER UTILITY

BARRACKS ADVENTURE

ROMAN NUMERALS

FIRE FOX

RAIDERS

CITY/TIME

.ASTRO-DODGE

JETS CONTROL

ALPHABETIZING

HI-LO/CRAPS

HIRED AND FIRED

GALLOWS

U.F.O.

OLYMPICS

MULTICOPY

DIR MANAGER

ELECTRONICS 5

HI-RES CHESS

AUTO MATE

FIRE RUNNER

RAMBO ADVENTURE

ELECTRONICS 12

SCROLL PROJECT

GRAPHICS BORDER

BLOCKS

DOUBLE EDITOR

NOISE GENERATOR

COSMIC RAYS

MULTI SCREEN CAVES

DOUBLE BREAKOUT

ISSUE #49, JULY 1986

ISSUE #56, FEB. 1987

ISSUE #63, SEPT. 1987

ISSUE #70, APRIL 1988

COMPUTER LO.U.

CALENOAR PRINT

GENEQLOGIST HELPER

BLOTTO DICE

DISK DISASSEMBLER

CRUSH

SMART COPY

SUPER COM

BAKCHEK

GALACTA

MAINTENANCE REPORTING

GENESIS ADVENTURE

PACHINKO

OCEAN DIVER <

C0C03-C0CQ 2 HELPER

PLANETS

STOCK CHARTING

GLUE SUSPECT

DIRECTORY PICTURE

PHK/WAR

HAUNTED STAIRCASE

WORD EDITOR

SUB ATTACK

SIGN LANGUAGE

CANYON BOMBERS

ALIEN HUNT?

SAVE THE MAIDEN

ARX SHOOTOUT

DRAGONS 1 & 2

DEMON'S CASTLE

CAVIATOR

ELECTRONICS 13

GRAPHIC SCROLL ROUTINE

PICTURE DRAW

ELECTRONICS 6

MAGIC KEY

AUTO BORDER

DIG

MONKEY SHINE

SNAP PRINT

ISSUE #71, MAY 1988

SUPER LOTTO
ROBOT ADVENTURE

ISSUE #78, DEC, 1988

POLICE CADET #3
TANK TURRET

?V.':;Xx' it-": IVi-

PHASER
SHAPES & PLATES
STAR WARS
ELECTRONICS 14

COCO SIZE
SIGN MAKER
LEGAL DEDUCTIONS
BOOKKEEPING

ISSUE #72, JUNE 1988
FLYING OBJECTS

ISSUE #79, JAN. 1989

POLICE CADET #4
POKER 3

HOSTAGE TILER TEX

PROGRAM TRIO BATTLE l:s

GLADIATOR INSIDE THE COCO

US & CAN QUIZ COCO B.B.S,

HOT DIRECTORY

JEOPARDY

ELECTRONICS 15 VCR TUTORIAL

COCO 3 PRINT PRINTER CONTROLLER

CTTY COMMUNICATOR THE KING

ISSUE #73, JULY 1988 ISU

FOREIGN OBJECTS SCRABBLE

CHESS FUNDAMENTALS SPELLING CHECKER

WATERFOWL QUIZ SANDSTONE

WHAMMY 3 FAMILY FEUD

ADVENTURE TUTORIAL HARNESS RACING

CIRCLE 3 MINI GOLF 3

EDUCATIONAL TRIO ULTIMATE TERMINAL 3

WRITE-UP EDITOR NETWORK TUTORIAL

PICTURE PACKER THE NETWORK
AIR ATTACK

ISSUE #74, r

VIDEO CATALOG 3
ONE EYE WILLIE
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ramp mm : ,

GAME TRIO
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RAM DRIVE 3
MODE 2 UTILITY
XMODEM TRANSFER

ISSUE #75, SEPT. 1988

DRACULA HUNT
HELP TRIO
SHOWDOWN DICE
TARZAR 1 ADVENTURE
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CASHFLOW REPORTING
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ISSUE #76, OCT. 1988
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BOWLING SCORE KEEP
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ISSUE #77, NOV. 1988
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PLEASE CIRCLE

TAPE or DISK

AV(2)

2200 T(3) = ((AV(1)*N(9)) + (AV(2)*N

(10) )+(AV(3) *N(11) )+(AV(4) *N(12)
))/AV(3)

2210 T(4)=( (AV(1) *N(13) )+(AV(2) *
N ( 14 ) ) + ( AV (3)*N ( 15) ) + (AV ( 4 ) *N ( 16
)))/AV(4) -a

2220 L=(T(1)+T(2)+T(3)+T(4) )/4
2230 I=(L-4)/(4-l)
2240 RI=I/.9
2250 GOSUB 4000
2260 RETURN

3000 'PROCESS FOR 5 ALTERNATIVES
3010 N(1)=1:N(6)=1/N(2) :N(7)=1:N

(11) =1/N(3) :N(12)=1/N(8) :N(13)=1
3020 N(16)=l/N(4) :N(17)=1/N(9) :N
(18)=1/N(14) :N(19)=1

3030 N(21)=l/N(5) :N(22)=1/N(10) :
N(23)=l/N(15) :N(24)=1/N(20) :N(25
)=1

3040 FORX=l TO A:G(X) =0 :NEXTX
3050 FORX=l TO A:FORY=X TO Z STE
P A

3060 G(X)=G(X)+N(Y) :NEXTY:NEXTX
3070 S(1)=N(1)/G(1) :S(2)=N(2)/G(
2) :S(3)=N(3)/G(3) :S(4)=N(4)/G(4)
:S(5)=N(5)/G(5)

3080 S(6)=N(6)/G(1) : S (7 ) =N (7)/G (
2) :S(8)=N(8)/G(3) :S (9) =N(9)/G(4)
:S(10)=N(10)/G(5)

3090 S(11)=N(11)/G(1) :S(12)=N(12

)/G(2) :S(13)=N(13)/G(3) :S(14)=N(

14)/G(4) :S(15)=N(15)/G(5)

3100 S(16)=N(16)/G(1) :S(17)=N(17

)/G(2) :S(18)=N(18)/G(3) :S(19)=N(

19)/G(4) :S(20)=N(20)/G(5)

3110 S(21)=N(21)/G(1) :S(22)=N(22

)/G(2) :S(23)=N(23)/G(3) :S(24)=N(

24)/G(4) :S(25)=N(25)/G(5)

3120 AV ( 1) =(S(1)+S ( 2 ) +S (3 ) +S (4 ) +

S(5))/5

3130 AV (2 ) = (S(6 ) +S ( 7 ) +S ( 8 ) +S ( 9 ) +
S(10))/5

3140 AV ( 3 ) =(S(11)+S ( 12 ) +S ( 13 ) +S (
14)+S(15) )/5

3150 AV(4)=(S(16)+S(17)+S(18)+S(
19)+S(20))/5

3160 AV(5) = (S(21)+S(22)+S(23)+S(
24)+S(25) )/5

3170 IFFOl THEN V(K,1)=AV(1)
3180 IFFOl THEN V(K,2)=AV(2)
3190 IF FOl THEN V(K,3)=AV(3)
3200 IFFOl THEN V(K,4)=AV(4)
3210 IFFOl THEN V(K,5)=AV(5)
3220 T(l) = ( (AV(lj *N ( 1 ) ) + ( AV ( 2 ) *N
( 2 ) ) + ( AV ( 3) *N (3 ) ) + (AV ( 4 ) *N ( 4 ) ) + (
AV(5)*N(5)))/AV(1)
3230 T(2)=( (AV(1) *N(6) ) + (AV(2) *N
(7)) + (AV(3) *N(8) ) + (AV(4) *N(9) ) + (
AV(5) *N(10) ) )/AV(2)

3240 T(3) = ((AV(1)*N(11) ) + (AV(2)*

N(12) )+(AV(3)*N(13) )+(AV(4)*N(14

))+(AV(5)*N(15)))/AV(3)

3250 T(4)=( (AV(1)*N(16) )+(AV(2)*

N(17) )+(AV(3) *N(18) )+(AV(4) *N(19

))+(AV(5)*N(20)))/AV(4)

3260 T ( 5 ) = ( ( AV ( 1) *N ( 2 1 ) ) + ( AV ( 2 ) *

N(22) )+(AV(3)*N(23) )+(AV(4) *N(24

) ) + ( AV ( 5 ) *N ( 2 5 ) ) ) /AV ( 5 )

3265 L=(T(1)+T(2)+T(3)+T(4)+T(5)

)/5

3270 I=(L-5)/(5-l)
3280 RI=I/1.12
3290 GOSUB4000
3300 RETURN

4000 IFRK .1 THEN CF=0 : IFRK . 1 T
HEN GOTO 4090

40 10 SOUND 4 5,3: SOUND 2 , 8 : PRINT" YO
UR ANSWERS ARE NOT CONSISTENT! ! !

II ; CF— 1

4020 PRINT "HERE IS ANOTHER CHANC
E TO EXPRESS YOUR PREFERENCE."
4030 PRINT "PERHAPS YOU SHOULD EN
D THE PROGRAM AND RETHINK YOUR V
IEWS ABOUT"

4040 PRINTU$: PRINT" CHOOSE <Y> TO

CONTINUE <N> TO ABORT PROGRAM"
4050 P$=INKEY$:IFP$=""GOTO4050
4060 IFP$="N"THENGOTO620
4070 IFP$="Y"THENGOTO4090
4080 PRINT"??? TRY AGAIN ???":G0
TO4050
4090 RETURN

Two-Liner Contest Winner . . .

This shortie prints a screen PRINTS work sheet like
the one on Page 176 of Radio Shack's BASIC manual.
Just type in and run, and two tables will be printed
on 814-by-ll inch paper.

The listing:

1 CLS:P=PEEK(65314)AND1:IF P>0 T
HENPRINT@201, "printer offline" :G
0T01 ELSEPRINT§199, "PRINTING 2 T
ABLES " : F0RX=1T03 3 : P$=P$+" +" : NEX
TX : FORZ=lT02 : PRINT#-2 , STRING $ (7 ,
13 )' ; " » ; : F0RX=1T03 : PRINT #-
2 , STRING$ ( 17 , " " ) ; X ; : NEXTX

2 PRINT#-2 ,CHR$ (13) ; " ";:FORX
=1T03 : FORY=0TO9 : PRINT#-2 , STR$ (Y)
; :NEXTY,X:PRINT#-2, " 0 1":PRINT#
-2," ";P$:FORX=0TO480 STEP32:P
RINT#-2 , USING" # # # " ; X ; : PRINT#-2 , P
$ : NEXTX, Z

Sam Mony
Kalamazoo, Ml

(For this winning two-liner contest entry, the author has been sent copies
of both The Third Rainbow Book of Adventures and its companion The
Third Rainbow Adventures Tape.)

124 THE RAINBOW April 1989

Give your kids a head start

with the affordable,

Tandy Color

Fingers and Keys

;Vou should use tti* Index Finder
on your Ri$hl hand.

Get real computing pow^fe^l'tb
Tandy Color Comput&*3L ( ct If
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With the educational softwares
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can study math, reading, typing— a vwi
of subjects— all while learning I tow t
a real computer.

The Color Computer 3 provides impress
sive computing power for grownups, t^p.
There's a library of useful Color Computer
software available — choose from word
processing, spreadsheet, database and, of
course, games the whole family can enjoy.

Make your computer more versatile with
opt ional accessor ies such as a printer, disk
drives, a telephone modem and more.
Add a CM -8 high -resolution monitor to
create colorful, razor-sharp graphics.

The Color Computer 3 offers uncompro-
mising performance at a terrific price.
And it's available now — visit Radio Shack
today for a demonstration!

Radio Shack

Price applies at Radio Shack Computer Centers and participating stores
and dealers. Monitor, platform and Program Pale™ sold separately.

The Technology Store™

A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION

U^cLl n On 5 '

^is -

■

text W^hfiiZ? -

x 1 *

1 Hardwar e

CoCo 3

Star NX-1000 Rainbow Printer-
Let theTrue Colors Shine Through

It wasn't long after I bought my first
CoCo that I began to realize the power of
the machine. And I quickly realized I was
going to need more than just a cassette
recorder to harness that power. So, a few
months later I got my first disk drive. This
worked well until I wanted to share the
results of my computing with others. The
next major investment was a printer. I was
happy with my purchase, a DMP-200 from
Radio Shack for just $499. Since that time,
the flexibility and power of dot-matrix
printers has increased explosively. And
one printer that stands up there in the front
line is the Star NX-1000 Rainbow.

The Star NX-1000 Rainbow printer is
an enhancement of another Star printer,

the NX-1000. The only difference (an $85
difference) is that the NX-1000 Rainbow
adds color. The NX-1000 Rainbow offers
quite a bevy of features. Using a four-color
(red, blue, yellow and black) ribbon, the
NX- 1 000 Rainbow will print text in any of
seven colors right out of the box: black,
red, blue, violet, yellow, orange and green.
It is a simple matter to send the proper
codes to select any of these colors at nearly
any time.

In addition to the color capability, the
NX-1000 Rainbow offers five type styles:
Courier, Sans Serif, Orator using small
capitals, Orator with lowercase, and Draft.
Each of these is available in standard or
italic. With the exception of the draft mode,

all styles are printed in the NLQ (Near-
Letter-Quality) mode.

To offer even more choices, these styles
can be printed in any of six pitches: pica,
elite, condensed pica or elite, and propor-
tional pica or elite. Finally, characters are
printable in standard size or double-height,
double-width, double-height and -width,
and quad-height and -width. While I proba-
bly wouldn't use all of these possibilities,
it is good to know the printer has the
capability. It's almost like having a type-
setting machine next to the computer table.

The NX-1000 Rainbow is average in
terms of printing speed. It will print at 120
cps (characters per second) in the draft
mode and 30 cps in any of the NLQ modes.
This isn't all that impressive. At the same
time, it pretty much matches most simi-
larly priced printers in this department.

In addition to the standard character set
(96 ASCII characters) and the IBM set
(244) characters, the NX-1000 Rainbow
offers up to 192 draft or 78 NLQ download

126

THE RAINBOW April 1989

characters. These characters are user-de-
fined and allow the creation of small graph-
ics or special symbols — handy for mathe-
matics work. The only drawback, and it is
a minor and very common one, to using
download characters is the occupation of
the normally active 8K text buffer, which
leaves only a single-line buffer for re-
ceived text in its place.

Over the past few years, more and more
printer developers have moved toward
allowing more complete control of the
printer from the front panel. I like this
trend and believe it reflects growing sup-
port of beginning/intermediate users. The
NX- 1000 Rainbow offers front-panel control
of type style (including italics), print pitch
and right and left margins. It also allows
the user to clear the buffer, perform for-
ward and reverse micro-feed (vertical paper
movement in very small increments), and
to park the paper. This is a long way from
the standard linefeed/formfeed and on-
line/offline buttons of just a couple of
years ago.

One aspect I have not seen before is the
front-panel lock. By pressing the front-
panel NLQ button during power-up, you
prevent software from altering printer style
settings when it boots. Similarly, pressing
the Print Pitch button during power-up
locks out software changes to the pitch
control. In either case, the settings can still
be altered using the front panel. This "stay-
in-panel" feature can prevent software
designed for other printers from interfer-
ing with the NX- 1000 Rainbow's settings.
I imagine it was designed primarily for
MS-DOS systems, but this feature deserves
mention in the CoCo Community, as well.

Speaking of MS-DOS, the NX- 1000
Rainbow features an IBM mode in which
it emulates the IBM Proprinter II. This
makes the machine quite versatile in an
ever-changing world of computer systems.
This emulation is available through a DIP
switch setting. The printer can also emu-
late the Epson LX-800.

The NX- 1000 Rainbow allows a great
deal of flexibility through its use of both
tractor-feed and friction-feed mechanisms.
While these features are commonly of-
fered together on other printers, the NX-
1000 Rainbow takes them a step further.
Like printers costing much more, the NX-
1000 Rainbow features paper-parking. In
a nutshell, this means the paper loaded into
the tractor feed can be moved out of the
way, by the printer, without removing it
from the printer. After this is done, single
sheets can be printed using friction feed.

Later, it is a simple matter to "reload" the
tractor feed paper. You see, by pressing
two buttons on the front panel, you tell the
printer to pull the paper loaded into the
tractor feed back away from the platen to
make room for single sheets. This can be
especially useful for correspondence in a
business setting.

You might want to keep mailing labels
loaded into the tractor feed. To do a letter,
you would park the paper (labels), write
and print your letter, unpark the labels and

print one, then repark them. No more hassle
repeatedly loading and unloading the print-
er. Another advantage to this approach is
the tractor-feed being a push-feed system.
In other words, the feed mechanism is lo-
cated behind the platen; it pushes the pa-
per through the printer instead of pulling
it, reducing paper waste.

Another thing I really like about the
Star NX- 1000 Rainbow is the ease with
which the features can be selected from
inside word processors. Type style, char-
acter size, the seven standard colors, and

the bold and italic modes can be accessed
simply by placing a command between
double parentheses. For example, entering
the characters ( ( S ) ) 2 right in the mid-
dle of your word processing document will
cause the text, when printed, to come out
in double height. When itreceives a double
open parentheses, the NX- 1000 Rainbow
looks at what follows, determines if it is a
valid command, and if it is then executes
it. You can even set up these commands in
macros, if macros are supported by your
word processor. This sure beats wading
through a bunch of control codes. The
following commands are accepted:

((F)) 0

Courier

((F)) 1

Sans Serif

((F))2

Orator, small caps

((F))3

Orator, lowercase

((F))9

Draft

((S))0

Standard size

((S))l

Double width

((S))2

Double height

((S))3

Double width and height

((C))0

Black

((C)) 1

Red

((C))2

Blue

((C))3

Violet

((C))4

Yellow

((C))5

Orange

((C))6

Green

((B))0

Bold off

((B)) 1

Bold on

(d))0

Italics off

((D) 1

Italics on

Dayton Associates of W. R, Hall, Inc.

Dayton, Ohio, quickly becoming a high-
technology city in the Midwest, is home for
three large technical centers — NCR, Wright
State University and Wright Patterson Air
Force Base. Since Dayton is a growing,
technical city, it seemed the appropriate
place for the birth of Dayton Associates of
W.R. Hall, Inc.

Dayton Associates was founded in 1983
by William R. Hall, a graduate from the
Pennsylvania Institute of Technology. Hall
is currently technical director of his com-
pany. The idea for Day ton Associates came
under consideration when he was designing
computer interfaces under contract for ihe
Air Force. When the contract was complete,
Hall decided to use his knowledge to design
and provide interfaces for the CoCo.

Dayton Associates believes in the Color
Computer, as exhibited by its exclusive use

of Color Computers. In addition to design
work, Dayton Associates prides itself in
delivering complete printer packages (printer,
interface and software), or "turn key" sys-
tems, to other CoCo users. In addition to the
full product support offered, customers have
the added security of knowing Star Micron-
ics (the company that produces the printers
sold by Dayton Associates) offers full sup-
port nationwide.

The success of Dayton Associates of
W.R. Hall, Inc. can be attributed to Hall's
easy accessibility, gaining him customers
from five continents. Although the cus-
tomer base ranges from commercial sources
in America to American embassies and
government agencies here and abroad, Hall
claims that home computer users are his
main customers. As a bonus, technical support
extends even into the evening hours. □

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 127

The Blue Streak Ultima Serial/Parallel Interface

The Color Computer is designed to
send data serially to a printer, Because of
the special format used in the CoCo's serial
port, this somewhat limits users to Radio
Shack printers; after all, they are the only
ones marketed with an identical port. Most
other computers arid printers are: designed
to communicate in a parallel fashion.

Ultima with the printers it sells, giving the
buyer a great deal of flexibility.

The Ultima is switch-selectable for 300,
600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 and 19,200
baud data reception. All you need to do is
set the switch and make sure your CoCo is
transmitting at the same speed. This is ac-
complished via pokes to memory location
150 of the CoCo as follows;

POKE150, 180
2OKE150, 87
POKE! 5 Q, 41
POKE 15 0,18
POKE15Q, 7
POKE 15 0,1

300 baud
600 baud
1200 baud
2400 baud
4800 baud
9600 baud

In aerial eommunic&tioii^earii charac-
ter is sent down a single wire, one bit at a
time, In parallel communications, all bits
making up a single character are sent down
several wires at the same time. This results
in much faster, and usually more reliable,
operation, A serial/parallel interface fits
between a serial and a parallel port and
allows these systems to communicate prop-
erly. Since most every printer has a parallel
port, these interfaces have been very popu-
lar in the CoCo Community as a way to use
other printers with the CoCo.

The Blue Streak Ultima is the latest in
a long line of products from Dayton Asso-
ciates, It is a serial/parallel interface that
allows transmission up to 19,200 baud.
Therefore, it receives serial data from the
CoCo at up to 19,200 bits-per-second and
presents that data to the parallel port of your
printer, Dayton includes the Blue Streak

In order to send from the CoCo at
19,200 baud, you must issue the poke for
9600 baud and then poke the CoCo for high
speed. This is not recommended for those
who don't understand it. And, in truth, it
really isn't necessary — except, perhaps,
when performing a color dump of a CoCo 3
screen.

The ability to switch the interface be-
tween baud rates is necessary with some
software that is "hard-coded" and doesn't
allow the user to alter the rate.

The interface is solidly built, yet looks
good when placed in a system. It can be used
in conjunction with a Y cable for those users
wanting to share the serial port with a
modem. Because of its high-impedance ( 1 5
kilohms) input, it doesn't require a serial
s witcher as long as it is used with a modem
also having a Hi-Z input, The interface is
available from Dayton Associates as a stand-
alone item for $39*95, but is included with
their printer systems. D

The nine-pin printer features a standard
Centronics interface and 240 dpi (dot-per-
inch) resolution in the quad-density graph-
ics mode. The NX- 1000 Rainbow is well-
suited for use with the Blue Streak Ultima
serial/parallel interface packaged with it
by Dayton Associates. Dayton also sells
the color ribbons for $10. To avoid waste
during non-colored text printing, black
ribbons are available from Dayton for $6.

While color printing can be useful in
some text applications, the printer really
shows its stuff with color graphics. See the
photos for samples of what it can do.

To provide access to the color graphics
abilities of the printer, Dayton Associates
includes the Color Imaging System with
the printer package. This software gives
you a way to print PMODE and H SCREEN
images in full color. Let's follow the proc-
ess for a typical HSCREEN image.

The picture I wanted to print is an MGE,
HSCREEN2 image. I first loaded the image
into Color Max 3 and pressed Reset. This

exited Color Max 3 but left the image in
memory. Then I ran HRCSGP . BAS from
the imaging system disk. I followed some
relatively simple prompts to a point where
I was asked if I wanted to use the default
colors or define my own. I chose to define
the colors. This is done by selecting just
how much of each color ink you want for
a given palette slot You see, for HSCREEN2 ,
the artist has 16 slots available. With
HRCSGP, you define how each of these
slots will be printed by entering how much
black, blue, red and yellow you want printed
for that slot. You can select none, light and
solid for each color in each slot — 81
different shades at your fingertips.

This color-definition capability has the
advantage of allowing the user to redefine
screen colors. You have complete control
over what colors are printed. One example
where this could come in handy is sche-
matic work. If you have a color schematic
done in CoCo Max III and you want it
printed in black and white, you might set

all slots to black except the ones control-
ling background color.

However, I find Dayton's implementa-
tion of this capability to be awkward and
incomplete. In translating the colors, it is
necessary to use a pad of paper to keep
track of the colors in the 16 slots. And you
really have no way of knowing how a
particular mix is going to look on paper. I
would like to see a utility in the package
that prints out a color chart of all 81 vari-
ations. Then you could compare this chart
with the actual screen color and know the
best definition to use for each slot.

It is important to note Colorware offers
a Star NX- 1 000 Rainbow driver for CoCo
Max III. This new item was unavailable
for this review. Still, for $19.95, it would
seem to be the way to go when using CoCo
Max III with the Star NX- 1000 Rainbow.

As sold by Dayton Associates, the Star
NX- 1000 Rainbow includes the Blue Streak
Ultima interface, the Color Imaging Sys-
tem and the software support disk. This
latter disk includes tutorials on how to use
your printer and to select its many fea-
tures, as well as black-and-white screen
dump routines for PMODE and HSCREEN
images. The complete package sells for
$279.95 plus $10 shipping. At that price, I
think it is one of the best deals around, an
excellent package at an excellent price. 1
suggest you give it serious consideration
when you are looking for a printer system.

(Dayton Associates of W.R. Hall, Inc., 9644
Quailwood Trail, Spring Valley, OH 45370,
513-885-5999; $279.95 plus $10 S/H)

— Cray Augsburg

CoCo 1 , 2 & 3

ware

The Aussie
Collection —
A Public Domain
Six-Pack From the
Land Down Under

Ever wish you could travel nearly half-
way around the world without leaving
your CoCo keyboard? With the Aussie
Collection you can do just that. This inter-
esting six-pack has something for every-
one — music, games, speech, graphics and
more. The Aussie Collection runs on any
CoCo, from an old gray battleship to the
newer CoCo 3, using the 32-character text
screen and compatible graphics screen.

While most of the programs ran great,
some of them had syntax or other errors.
Most of the programs are written in simple

128 THE RAINBOW April 1989

h- Pre-Rainbowfest Sale,

We Pay Shipping!

MULTI-FONT PRINTER

NX-1000

NEW

7 Color Printer
for Your CoCo

The NX-1 000 gives you
plenty of print options for
attractive printing.
Four typestyles.
Four pitch sizes,
in standard A
and italics jf^
for a total X:
of 32

NLQ ^
modes. -M*
The NX-
1000 Rainbow

gives you all these features plus
online access to 7 color printing and graphics
Black, blue, red, yellow, green, violet, and
orange. Both models have a 1 year warranty
and a 30 day online trial.

NX-1000 SPECS: 1 44 cps Draft, 36 cps NLQ {18 x 23 dot matrix),
4 NLQ Fonts, Italics, Sub & Superscripts, Emphasized, Dou-
blestrike, Proportional, Condensed, International, Downloadable,
Quad Tall, Double Tall, Underlined Pitchs, Forward and Reverse
n/216" Line Feeds, Absolute or Relative Vert. & Horz. Tabs, Left,
Center or Right Justification, 8 Graphics Modes to 1 920 dpi, Macro
Instruction, Bidirection, Adjustable Tractor Feed, 200+ Printable
Characters, Semi Auto Sheet Feed, Front Panel Soft Touch
Control, Epson and IBM Emulate, 4k Data Buffer, Hex Dump.
Rainbow: Same plus color.

NX-1000 SYSTEM INCLUDES:

• Star NX-1 000 Printer tJAA

• Blue Streak Ultima v |

• Software Support Trio +$10 shipping & ins.

COMPLETE

$ 279

NX-1000 RAINBOW SYSTEM

INCLUDES:

• Star NX-1000
Colour Printer + $ 1 0 shipping & ins.

• Blue Streak ^^COMPLETE

• Software Trio

• Color Super Gemprint

The Smallest, Sleekest,
Fastest Serial To Parallel
Converter You Can Buy!

7 Switchabel Baud Rates

300 • 600 • 1 200 • 2400 •
4800 • 9600 • 1 9200

Use this "smart" cable to con-
nect a Centronics parallel printer
to any version CoCo or use it to
improve performance of you
current printer. The
cables are long-life, high
quality shielded cables
with moulded plugs for
extra durability.

Try a Blue Streak Ultima on
your system for 30 days R IS K
FREE. One year warranty.

The Blue
Streak Ultima

Powered version
add $6.00.

$3995

+$2 Shipping

Software

Support Trio

Type Selection/Tutorial

Online instructional program that will select 24
special features of your printer or display meth-
ods to incorporate them into your
programs.

Super Gemprint

Will transfer Pmode 0, 1 , 2, 3, or 4 picture screen
to printer 8"x1T hardcopy. Black/white, white/
black or grey level shading for color.

Hi-Res Super Gemprint

Disk software that will transfer a Hscreen 1,2,3,
or 4 picture screen to printer. Grey level shading
for color.

^^A^t^ All Three

Color Super
Gemprint

Print your Graphics Screen
in Color on your NX-1000
Rainbow!

Use your favorite program to create a
pmode or hi-res graphic image, but
don't stop there! Run our colorgraph-
ics software and print a color image
using a palette of 81 + colors on your
NX-1 000 Rainbow from a CoCo 1 , 2,
or 3. Requires 32k ECB Disk.

Price, availability and specifications
subject to change without notice.

Order Your System Today... Call (513) 885-5999

DAYTON ASSOCIATES

of W.R.
Hall

INC

Visa & Master accepted within

the continental U.S.
Ohio residents add 6% sales tax
COD add $3.00

* Shipping paid only in Continental U.S. Normal shipping charges to Canada, P.R., HI, AK, APO, FPO are double. Triple charge to all other countries. These areas can take advantage of show
special by deducting the continental U.S. shipping amount from their normal shipping costs. Offer expires April 14, 1989.

9644 Quailwood Trail • Spring Valley, Ohio 45370

Disk BASIC and can be edited by the user.
There are no printed instructions, but you
will find them in the programs when needed.
Just remember that the English used is not
American English. If you are told you will
have ten "goes," that's 10 turns; even
reading the text can be a lot of fun. For
most of the files you can just type
RUN" 'filename" or, in the case of . BIN
files, LOADM" filename" : EXEC. Some of
the files are intended to be run or used by
another program, as with the excellent
geography lesson files on Disk 6.

"Music, Music, Music" is the theme of
Disk 1, and it really is varied. You will
discover everything from children's songs
to national anthems, from bush songs to
Scottish reels. Some of the songs are done
with simple PLAY commands, but many
are very nicely done in machine language.
The ML songs sound as if they were pro-
grammed in at least four-part harmony and
are quite impressive. I had almost as much
fun with some of the titles as I did with the
songs. I found the TV speaker did not do
the ML songs justice and used my stereo to
listen to them. I often found myself want-
ing to hear more when they ended. You
may be surprised at just how good your
CoCo can sound without MIDI or a music
pack.

The novice CoCo user may find Disk
2's graphics and music tutorials helpful in
learning more about CoCo's PMODE graph-
ics and the PLAY command. Math fans
may have fun with QUADSOLV, and I
couldn't resist trying BIGMONEY. Who
could? You may have a problem using
FUELCHEK unless you have an odometer
that reads kilometers and a gas station that
serves "petro" by the liter; but if you do run
the program, you can convert the results to
miles per gallon. While the serious game
player may scoff at MATES, I found that
many of us may have forgotten just what
fun a simple game can be.

On to Disk 3 we go. The first file,
HEADS, is not a game of pictures of bath-
rooms for you sailors out there, but an
information file about using the disk. Disk
3 has 30 PMODE picture files and a couple
of BASIC programs to print the pictures as
letterheads. The printer programs cover
the DMP-105, 110 and 130 Radio Shack
printers and are written in BASIC. While I
was not able to use the printer programs,
the pictures are exceptional; in fact, I may
write a driver for one of my three printers
just to be able to use them. None of my
printers are compatible with the DMP print-
ers. If you want only to view these pic-
tures, you can type LOADM "filename" ,
then enter 10 PMODE4 : SCREEN1 , 1 :
GOTO10 and run to see them.

Disk 4 was disappointing because both

JO YD I SK programs and all three shooting
games had errors and would not run. The
kids had fun with SHIP SUB but the
UFOMAZE game was too hard, even for
me. But then I'm not a die-hard game
player. If you want to play SKELQUIZ,
you had better study up on the names of
your body's bones first! All the games on
this disk are written in BASIC, and I found
the play much better with the speed-up
poke.

If you don't believe me when I say Disk
5 is alive, just run HELLO! You will be
greeted by the author of this disk through
your speaker, Australian accent and all.
Want to learn about what they eat in the
Land Down Under, run SHOP, a grocery
database program that will print a list for
you. While SHOP may not be fancy — do
not expect pretty formatting of the screen
or printed listings — it was interesting
reading for this Yankee.

CANON is a challenge of setting a can-
non's angle to hit your target, and LLIST32
is for printing program listings in a 32-
column format. DIGI is a utility for digit-
izing sound (remember HELLO?) and to
play it back via the TV speaker. D I G I can
also save or load digitized sound to or from
disk or tape. MCBASE is a mini name and
address database program. Some of the
programs were very simple but informa-
tive. LOWRCASE was of limited value on
my CoCo 3; it's intended for the newer
CoCo 2s, to give you a true lowercase
display on the 32-character screen.

Last, but not by any means least, is Disk
6. This disk contains a collection of five
files that make up a geography program.
GEOG can be used as a tutorial or quiz
about Australia. The program uses PMODE

3 for its graphic displays and is well-done.
I found it both educational and interesting
to learn about the Land Down Under. Text
screens are used to give a lot of informa-
tion about everything from rainfall to in-
dustry, while maps of Australia graphi-
cally show where these regions are lo-
cated.

While I could not cover every program
on all the disks here, I hope I've given you
a good idea of what is in the A ussie Collec-
tion. On the whole I found the set enter-
taining, fun and educational. My personal
favorites were the music, letterhead graph-
ics and geography disks. Although disks 2,

4 and 5 might not be of great interest to the
more experienced CoCoist, disks 2 and 5
could be fun and helpful to the beginner. A
few of the programs (five out of 1 1 pro-
gram files on Disk 4) had errors and would
not run.

The company offering Aussie Collec-
tion, The Public Domain Software Copy-
ing Company, offers some extras to its

programming customers. If a user returns
an improved version of a company pro-
gram (provided there's a note of explana-
tion of the modification), that user re-
ceives credit for a free disk on his or her
next purchase. People who donate original
or downloaded programs receive two free
disks on their next purchase (but they must
include a letter of origin). Also, students
and users group club members receive a 15
percent discount on any order.

(The Public Domain Software Copying
Company, 33 Gold St., Suite L3, New York,
NY 10038, 800-221-7372; $39.95 for the set
or $10 each, $4.50 S/H: First product review
for this company appearing in THE RAIN-
BOW.) ™ MTrri "

— J.D. Walker

1 Softwar e CoCo3 1

DaVinci3 —

An Environment for

Your Masterpieces

DaVincU is a low-priced, high-resolu-
tion (320-by- 1 92, 1 6-color) graphics crea-
tion and editing program for the Color
Computer 3 that offers most of the features
available in its higher-priced competitors.
DaVinci3 requires at least one disk drive
and some type of input device (a joystick,
x-pad or mouse). It should be noted that a
Hi-Res interface, or any other hardware
device, is not required. A printer, of course,
is optional. I found DaVinci3 ran equally
well under Disk BASIC 1.0/1.1 and ADOS3
(as long as the ADOS disable command
was used).

The program is unprotected, and the
user is encouraged to back up the disk to
create a working copy. The working copy
must not have a write-protect tab on it, as
the program will write to disk from time to
time during its normal operation.

DaVinci3 comes with a 13-page man-
ual, which is well-written and leads you
through all the features of the program
applications and the included "convert"
utility — it transfers standard PMODE 3 or
4 pictures saved in binary format (load-
able with a LOADM command) to a format
you can then load into DaVinci3.

DaVinci3 supports a lot of features, but
it tends to run a bit slowly at times. For the
most part, though, operation is smooth and
timely. The program has a rather unique
method of implementing Hi-Res control:
By pressing the space bar, you toggle
between "fine" and "regular" modes. In
the fine mode, the travel of the cursor is

1 30 THE RAINBOW April 1 989

limited, but the ratio of joystick motion to
screen motion changes to allow for de-
tailed work.

DaVinci3 will create one full graphic
screen (320-by- 192); there is no two-page,
double-screen feature. The printouts I made
took up roughly one -half of a standard
piece of printer paper. Printers supported
include the Star NX- 10 and the DMP 105,
1 1 0 and 1 30. The CGP-220 is supported in
color, which is quite impressive. Color
replication from screen to paper is fairly
accurate. The one problem with printing
seems to be a slight flattening of the pic-
ture.

Both RGB and composite monitors are
selectable upon boot up. More detail is
provided, of course, with an RGB monitor,
but I was impressed with the look on a
composite monitor, as well as with that of
a regular color TV. At any rate, the pro-
gram can be used with whatever type of
display you may have.

As soon as you have booted up and
chosen your display type, you will be in
the drawing screen. From here you can
select any of the program's drawing op-
tions, the disk access menu, the printing
menu, etc. When you press the CLEAR
key the borders disappear, and you are
given full editing capabilities of the entire

screen. The CTRL key also has its own
special function, toggling Zoom — al-
ways a welcome feature in any graphics
editor. DaVincB has a 400-percent Zoom
feature, which is more than adequate for
the finest of detailed work.

Text (40 columns by 24 lines) can be
entered in your graphic in six fonts: Stan-
dard, Mac, Roman, Italic, Old English and
Bold Italic. Upper- and lowercase letters
are supported via the SHIFT-0 combina-
tion.

DaVinci3 supports an "Oops*' function
that will restore the top 80 percent of the
screen. The bottom 20 percent remains as
it was prior to the Oops command. To
avoid this, two special keys, Fl and F2,
can be used before making drastic changes
to your picture. The Fl key, when pressed,

will force the saving of the full screen to
the Undo buffer. When the F2 key is pressed,
it will restore the picture saved by pressing
the Fl key. You can also capture screens
from other graphics creation programs,
games, etc., that use the Hi -Res screen by
pressing the F2 key before making any
menu selection when you start the pro-
gram. Provided the previous program's
screen is still in memory, this is accom-
plished usually by exiting the other pro-
gram via the Reset button. When DaVinci3
starts, it automatically saves whatever was
left on the Hi-Res screen.

After you select a color from the color
bar, the arrow keys allow you to tune it.
For composite mom tors/TVs, the left ar-
row key will change the color in sort of the
order of the spectrum: red, orange, yellow,
green, black/grey, blue-green, blue, purple,
etc. The right arrow adjusts the color in the
opposite direction: red, purple, blue, blue-
green, black/grey, green, yellow, orange,
red, etc.

There are four intensity settings (dark
to light) for each of the 16 available hues.
The up arrow will make the color lighter
until it is as light as it can get. The down
arrow will make it darker until it reaches
its darkest shade. Brown tones are achieved
by using dark oranges or yellows.

Conquer the
World!

DOMINATION $18

MULTI-PLAYER STRATEGY
GAME!

Try to take over the
planet of YCNAN. Battle
other players armies to
take control of their
provinces and defend yours.
Play on a Hi-res map of
the planet. Take the "RISK"
and be a planet-lord
today!!! Requires 1 disk and
joystick or mouse. See
Rainbow Review JULY 88

MY DOS S15

EPR0MABLE! CUSTOMIZABLE!

MYD0S is an enhancement
to Disk Extended Basic 2.1
on the CoCo 3. Screen echo
3nd SAY command for RS
Speech Pak. Point and click
mouse directory. NEW
FEATURES! Supports D/S
and 40 track drives.
Power-up in any screen
colors (or monochrome),
width, and palettes (RGB
•or CMP) you wish! More
options than you can
shake a joystick at! See
Rainbow Review JUNE 87

RAINBOW

HAVKSof t

P.O. Box 7112
Elgin, II. 60121-7112
312-742-3084
S/H always included.
Check COD or M0 accepted
11 orders add 7% sales tax

HAWKSoft KEYBOARD
CABLE $25

UNCHAIN YOUR KEYBOARD!
Five foot extender cable
for Coco I! and 3. Move
your keyboard where you
want it! Installation
instructions and tips
included! Custom lengths

available.

"I cannot imagine the CoCo 3 without ADOS-3;
it would not be a complete machine."

The RAINBOW, July 1987

You've moved up to a CoCo 3. A powerful new machine. Now, it's time to
give BASIC a shot In the arm, with ADOS-3. Wouldn't it be nice to turn on your
machine and be greeted by an 80-column display, in the colors of your
choice, with your own custom startup message? To run routinely at 2 MHz
(double speed) without having to slow down for disk and printer operations?
This and much, much more is possible with ADOS-3, our CoCo 3 adaptation
of the acclaimed original ADOS, which shares the original's virtual 100%
compatibility with commercial software. After customizing ADOS-3 using the
provided configuring utility, you can have it burned into an EPROM that plugs
Into the Disk BASIC ROM socket, or Just use It in RAM as a disk utility. (EPROM
+ burning will cost S 15-20; we provide Information concerning how you can
have this done,) Supports double-sided drives (35, 40, or 80 tracks). FAST and
SLOW commands, auto line number prompts, RUNM command, keystroke
macros, arrow-key scroll through BASIC progroms, auto-edit of error line, and
many more valuable features.

"ON A SCALE OF 1 TO 10, I RATE ADOS-3 A SOLID 15." RAINBOW, 7/87

Disk . . , $34,95 Original ADOS for CoCo 1 or 2 . . S27.95 (See 6/87 RAINBOW review)

Original ADOS plus ADOS-3 $50.00

THE PEEPER

ML program tracer that multltasks with the target program. An excellent
learning tool for the ML novice; an invaluable debugging aid for the expert.
CoCo 1, 2, or 3 compatible.

Disk . . . S23.95 Assembler source listing . , . Add S3. 00

MONITOR CABLES for CoCo 3

Magnavox8CM515/BCM505/8CM643 . ,

SonyKV1311CR

SPECTROSYSTEMS/^^= s 1 uJ: i A N 108 Kenda " Drive '

Z. \" — ' Miami, Florida 33176

. — (305) 274-3899Day or Eve.

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April 1989 THE RAINBOW 131

Analog RGB color control differs from
the method used in composite mode. In
RGB mode, the left arrow controls the red
component of the color, the up arrow controls
the green, and the right arrow the blue
component. Each of these components has
four intensities: off, dark, medium and
light. Color tuning takes a bit of getting
used to; but after a bit of experimentation
you will end up with the palette of colors
you want.

In summary, I find DaVinci3 to be an
enjoyable, easy-to-use and extremely af-
fordable graphics editing program. It runs
very well under 128K, but I would like to
see it support more features at 512K. The
low price is refreshing.

(Owl-Ware, P.O. Box 116-A, Mertztown,
PA 19539, 800-245-6228; $37.95)

— Dan Hagarty

1 Software

CoCo3

Memory —
Test Your
Concentration

Think quickly — was the star in the
upper left-hand corner? Or maybe some-
where in the middle? Memory is a Concen-
tration-like game in which you match pairs
of shapes or pictures by turning over cards
on the game screen. It runs on any CoCo 3
with a disk drive and joystick. RGB,
composite video and television displays
are supported.

Each game screen has 1 8 pairs of hid-
den objects for the players to match. Using
a joystick, players move the flashing cur-
sor to the desired card. Next they press the
joystick button to display it. This process
is repeated to choose a second card. When
players make a match, they earn a point
and their turn continues. If there is no
match, the cards are flipped over and the
game continues with the next player.

Memory will accommodate up to four
players. The players enter their names on
the screen before starting the game; each
name is marked in a different color, which
comes in handy later. Cards that are matched
are framed in the player's color.

A one-player game is also available;
the player competes against a clock that is
displayed at the top of the screen. In single-
player rounds, the goal is to match all the
objects in the least amount of time.

At any time during a game, a player can
press the space bar to pull down the com-
bination Help/Menu window. The current
player has five options. "Show" uncovers

all the cards so the player can see what is
under them. However, the show can't be
undone. This is unfortunate since younger
children would benefit from a quick "show"
of the objects prior to play.

"Clue" is available to players who have
scored at least one match. When it is
chosen, five cards are uncovered at ran-
dom. This feature costs one point to use
but can be advantageous in the latter por-
tion of the game. It can help a player make
multiple matches,

"Help" only explains the options in the
Help menu. It doesn't deal with game
rules. "New" starts a new game, and "Quit"
exits to BASIC.

The game is hardly an original concept,
but one of the most impressive features of
the program is that it shows off the CoCo
3's graphics capabilities. In the opening
screen, for example, the programmer util-
izes multiple colors and flashing text. A
pull-down menu is available during the
game. Graphics are detailed and colorful
when viewed on an RGB monitor. All of
the above are accomplished primarily with
the CoCo 3's Extended BASIC.

Documentation consists of a single folded
page that briefly outlines game rules and
loading instructions. Since the game is
familiar to almost everyone, a detailed
manual isn't necessary.

Memory is simple and straightforward.
A young child who has some basic shape
discrimination skills can play with mini-
mal direction. Although it appears to be
most appropriate for preschool through
second grade, adults and older children
can easily get hooked. My 5-year-old
daughter brought in the kitchen timer to
make sure everyone in our family got
equal turns using the program.

In games such as these, familiarity can
breed boredom in the form of repeating
screens. Apparently the program's author
considered this problem. Each Memory
round is built from a pool of more than 46
pictures, which appropriately include an
integrated circuit chip and a rainbow (it's
too bad the author didn't also think to
include a picture of a CoCo). Although
some of the shapes will reappear in each

game, it's very unlikely that they'll be in
the same order.

If you're interested in a good Concen-
tration-type game at a reasonable price,
you'll enjoy Memory. I've reviewed three
games of this type over the last few years,
and this one is the best so far.

(RAM Electronics, 814 Josephine, Monmouth,
OR 97361, 503-838-4144; $19.95)

— Mark Haverstock

1 Softwar e

CoCo 3

VIP Writer III,
Version 2.0 —
Another Step
Toward Perfection

I should preface this review by telling
you that I use a word processor a great deal
in my profession. Most often I use it to
draft legal documents, to review and edit
the work of others and to write computer
programs. Parents with foresight encour-
aged me to take a typing class before I
entered high school, and consequently I
came to depend on my typing abilities
throughout college and after. It was natu-
ral, then, that word processing would be-
come the principal use of my first personal
computer — a 4K CoCo in May of 1982.

A lot of word processors have been
available in the history of the Color Com-
puter. Tandy's original Color Scripsit ROM
pack, with its 32-by-I6 screen format,
fascinated me at first, but really only whet
my appetite for word processors yet to
come. Of all the other word processors that
have come and gone, Telewriter and VIP
Writer seem to be top-ranked among user
favorites. Early versions of these programs
broke the 32-column barrier and made
word processing on the CoCo much more
palatable.

Having never used Telewriter, I can't
comment much about it. I can say, how-
ever, that prior to the release of Telewriter
1 28, it seemed patches were frequently
published to give it features that VIP Writer
already had. The truth is I have owned and
used VIP Writer for a number of years and
always was and still am more than per-
fectly satisfied with its near flawless per-
formance. Once I became acquainted with
its many features, I often remarked to my
associates that VIP Writer had moved word
processing from the realm of being a type-
writer substitute to near-typesetting. With
the advent of the CoCo 3 I hoped word

132 THE RAINBOW April 1989

processing would be taking another leap
forward in sophistication.

Enter VIP Writer III, Version 2. My
wife says it doesn't take much to get me
excited. When I received RAINBOW'S
review package at the office in the morn-
ing mail, I couldn't wait to get home to try
the program out. I went to lunch alone so I
could read the users manual uninterrupted.
I even started thinking of excuses to cancel
my late afternoon appointment. Common
sense eventually prevailed on this last point
and I stayed the day.

When I finally got Version 2 home and
looked at the disk's directory, my attention
was first drawn to a configuration program
included. This program permits you to
alter a number of default parameters: fore-
ground, background and cursor colors; baud
rate; page length; top, bottom, left and
right margins; printing to the serial or
parallel port; linefeeds; justification; file-
name extension; the programmable keys;
etc.

Being able to set all these items mini-
mizes much of the startup ritual one goes
through every time the word processor is
loaded. I found it easy to make one custom
copy of VIP Writer III for each printer or
special job. Another new feature is the

"work space" command. It permits 512K
users to access nine 48K work areas in
memory. To and from these areas, sepa-
rate files can be saved and loaded much
like a RAM disk. Switching between areas
is instantaneous.

What else is new? Well, the authors of
Version 2 must have taken some hints
from Lauren Willoughby 's review of VIP
Writer III (Version 1) in the September
1988 issue of THE RAINBOW. Version 2
now has two save commands, one that
saves the entire document to disk regard-
less of cursor position within the file and
the second that saves from the current
cursor position to the end of the file. Also,
the F2 key has been given the function of
a true backspace/delete key to avoid the
old two-step process.

Other additions include a help menu
that appears on boot-up; it is banished
when you press the BREAK key to enter
the text area. For those who confuse the
CTRL key for the CLEAR key — which
actually is VIP Writer's "control" key —
you will be happy to know that CTRL now
functions just as the CLEAR key does,
with the exception that CTRL invokes the
pop-up help menu. The last of the major
additions is a command that lets you des-

ignate whether printing will be directed to
the serial or parallel port.

I noticed that it has been over five years
since VIP Writer (then known as Super
Color Writer II) received its fine review in
the October 1983 issue of THE RAIN-
BOW. The reviewer, Stuart Hawkinson,
called it ". . .one of the best word proces-
sors available for the Color Computer, or
any computer for that matter." I'd say Mr.
Hawkinson' s original assessment still
applies. However, lest I get too carried
away with all the enhancements, potential
first-time purchasers ought to know that
VIP Writer III, Version 2, has almost every
conceivable feature one could ask for in a
word processor. There is simply not enough
room in this review to discuss each of the
VIP Writer's many features. It should suf-
fice to say that I have used several $500
word processors at my office and that VIP
Writer outshines them all in power and
versatility. In addition, it comes with a free
50,000-word dictionary program for auto-
matic spell-checking.

I greatly appreciate programs with clearly
written instructions and documentation. In
this regard you'll find VIP Writer's 125-
page tutorial a real prize and profession-
ally packaged. It's also nice to know that if

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

Sol id Drive™ doesn't forqet! Built in
battery power kicks in when you turn
off your CoCo to keep all your files
safe and ready for use instantly the
next time you power-up. Unlike
dynamic ramdisks that require lots of
power and constant refreshing, our
CMos static rams consume so little
power that SolidDrive™ will retain it's
information for years. No more
floppy to ramdisk file copying just to
get ready to work. If power failures
are your problem SolidDrive™ is for
you! The instant power loss occurs
your valuable work is protected.
SolidDrive™ works with OS9®,
RSDos or can be accessed from
machine language programs. You
can even use part of SolidDrive™
from OS9 and part from RSDos. No
matter how you use SolidDrive™ we
think you'll be amazed at how fast it
works. There simply isn't any faster
long term storage device available s
for the CoCo. SolidDrive™ is
compatible with Multi-Pak®, or may
be used with a "Y" cable and comes
complete with OS9® Level l/ll device

driver and formatter software. Available in 51 2K and 1 Megabyte versions. Factory
upgrades available for 512K version. Also available RSDos Driver treats
SolidDrive™ as 3 or 6 SSSD RS devices, 27C64 EProm $19.00 Includes software
to partition SolidDrive for use by OS9® and RSDos, and Solid Boot© software to

allow auto boot direct to OS9®

SolidDrive™ is the fastest ,
most reliable long-term
storage available to the
small computer user!

2 Year Limited
Guarantee

SolidDrive™ by Vidicom Corp
51 2K (524,288 bytes) $395.00
1 Meg (1,048,576 bytes) $695.00
Please add $4.00 shipping
Arizona Residents add 5.5% Sales tax
Visa MasterCard orders welcome

VidlCOm Corp 20 E. Main St. a Suite 710

Mesa, AZ 85201 (602) 827-0107
^ours M-F 9:00 am - 5:00 pm MST

OS9 is the trademark of
Microware Systems Inc
and Motorola Inc. Mufti-
pak is the trademark of
Tandy Corp.

RAINBOW

EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE A

HARD DISK

YOU CAN STILL SUPERCHARGE YOUR COCO 1,2, OR 3 WITH

RGB-DOS(HD)

HERE ARE JUST SOME OF THE FEATURES OF RGB-DOS(HD):

* FULLY COMPATIBLE WITH RS-DOS

* WILL RUN TWO HARD DISK DRIVES

* WILL AUTO-EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM

* FULL SCREEN DIRECTORY DISPLAY

* ELECTRONIC DISK LABELING

* IMPROVED "COPY" COMMAND

* "RUNM" COMMAND FOR M/L PROGRAMS

* ...AND MUCH MUCH MORE!

RGB-DOS(HD) COMBINES ALL THESE FEATURES WITH THE
ABILITY TO RUN ANY SIZE HARD DISK DRIVE IN BASIC!

DO YOUR COCO A FAVOR- SUPERCHARGE IT WITH RGB-DOS!

System Disk with User's Manual $29.95

-Oh R

SYSTEMS

294 STILLWELL AVE
KENMORE, N Y 14217

(716) 876-7538

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 133

your interests go beyond word processing,
VIP Writer is part of an integrated library.
For a lot of people, it's quite possible that
the library may be as complete a software
package as they'll ever need!

(SD Enterprises, P.O. Box 1233, Gresham,
OR 97030, 503-663-2865; $79.95)

— Ernest Zore

1 Software CoCo3 1

Simply Better —
The Most Bang
for Your Buck

At one point or another, most Color
Computer users develop a need or desire to
do word processing with their computers.
Unfortunately, when the time comes to
purchase the software, many of us go into
the process unarmed. We know only that
we want to be able to type text into the
computer and have it printed on paper.
And, of course, we are looking for a good
deal. So, we often choose the least expen-
sive package on the market. And we end
up cursing that day. Well, times are
changing! Simply Better, the newest entry
in the vast array of Color Computer word
processors, is an excellent choice at an
unbelievable price.

For those who have been a part of the
CoCo Community for some time, Simply
Better will seem to be a variation on VIP
Writer III. In fact, many of the commands
work identically. For these people, the
transition will be natural. For those who
have never seen VIP Writer, this system
contains all the features necessary to pro-
duce text quickly, efficiently and profes-
sionally.

Simply Better is a complete word proc-
essing system for the Color Computer 3. It
comes on a nonprotected disk and includes
a comprehensive manual. Written entirely
in machine language, the program is fast.
1 consider the super low price to be plenty
of protection. And with the support of-
fered, it would be foolish not to purchase
and register the package legally. The sys-
tem offers a total buffer size of 472K and,
through the use of a window, features
optional print spooling. In addition to stan-
dard full-screen editing abilities, this sys-
tem allows you to create a table of contents
or index for your text on the fly. It includes
mail-merge capability and even allows
editing of multiple documents. Let's dig in
a little deeper.

Simply Better is command-driven. By
this I mean you enter commands rather

than select options from a menu to tell the
system what you want it to do. Some
people do not like a command-driven
operating environment; in the case of word
processors I prefer it.

There are two major modes of program
operation. In the Command mode, you can
enter abbreviated commands to control
the system: save files, load files, alter
parameters, etc. For the most part you will
use the Command mode for disk I/O and to
alter the text format, onscreen and printed.
Of course, the Text mode is where you will
spend most of your time with Simply Bet-
ter. This is where you enter and edit your
text, and the capabilities of the system
really shine. In this mode, commands are
entered, or initiated, by pressing control
and function key combinations. Exten-
sions of the Text mode are the Window
mode and View mode. In the Window
mode, you essentially have two identical
word processors on the screen at one time.
The View mode (just press CTRL-V) shows
you onscreen pretty much how your text
will look when printed, including margins,
fonts and page breaks.

Simply Better allows the definition of
up to five different printed fonts. These
might include condensed, italic, bold,
elongated or any other font supported by
your printer. The definitions can be changed
at any time. Obviously, in the interest of
saving memory and increasing speed, these
fonts do not appear on the screen. In other
words, when you select italics, your text
onscreen won't appear in italics. Instead,
each font can be set to show in your choice
of screen colors (foreground and back-
ground) to make it easier to tell them apart.
Because the hardware uses 40- and 80-
column screens (built into the GIME chip),
cursor movement through the text is very
rapid. In addition to the defined fonts, the
system offers underlining, which does appear
properly on the screen. On the flip side,
Simply Better features a "Clean" com-
mand that will quickly remove all print
font and underline markers from your text.

To gain access to other features specific
to your printer, Simply Better allows
embedded control codes. This gives you
complete control over your hardware in-
stead of limiting you to the five defined
fonts. I like the way this feature is handled.
First, you enter a "begin printer codes"
marker. Then, using the ALT key for val-
ues from 1 to 31, you enter the ASCII
characters for the control code you want to
send. For example, to send the escape
character you would just press ALT-1.
Finally, you'd close the code with the "end
printer codes" marker. When the file is
printed, the printer will accept the control
codes and print the text accordingly.

Items in your text can be sorted alpha-
betically using Simply Better's Sort com-
mand. You place a Sort marker (press Fl
followed by S) by each item you want
sorted and press CTRL-S. Voila! And the
sort is designed in such a way that any font
designation for a given item stays with that
item throughout.

Block manipulation is a breeze on Simply
Better. And the system supports over 79,000
blocks on a 5 12K CoCo 3! This should be
enough for most applications (I know
somebody will disagree). You can copy,
delete, move, sort, save and load blocks of
text. More important for me is the ability
to copy blocks of text from one window to
the other. Let's take a closer look at Simply
Better's multi-document abilities.

Simply Better uses a dual buffer sys-
tem; the primary text buffer is where you
normally enter your text. However, by
jumping to the Command mode and enter-
ing WINDOW, you open the alternate text
buffer. This creates two windows for text
editing, both of which are visible onscreen.
The alternate window appears beneath the
primary window, and you have control
over just how big each window is in rela-
tion to the other. Each window can have a
different text file in it. To move from one
window to the other, just press the CLEAR
key (as in OS-9). I particularly like this
feature. It allows me to refer to one docu-
ment while editing a second. It also allows
me to copy blocks of text from one to the
other. This is also the means by which
Simply Better offers print spooling. Start
printing from one window, press CLEAR
and edit another file in the other window.
The window feature is a writer's dream
come true.

One thing I have always found tedious
in writing is the creation of a table of
contents and an index. Simply Better does
these things on the fly by providing the
user with index and table of contents
markers. After you print the text, you will
find the newly created table of contents or
the new index at the end of the file in your
buffer. These tables can then be edited as
you see fit and placed at the beginning of
your text.

Because of memory requirements, both
of these features cannot be used simulta-
neously. Yet I find the method suggested
in the manual for using these features to
work best in the long run. You enter your
text and save it without any such markers,
then go through and place the contents
markers (just press Fl then T) and create
that table. Once finished, save the table by
itself. Now, reload the file, create the
index (this time use Fl and I for the mark-
ers) and save it. All that remains is to load
the original file and append the constants

1 34 THE RAINBOW April 1 989

and index pages to it.

Anyone who completes forms on a
regular basis will appreciate Simply Bet-
ter's print-fill feature, which lets you cre-
ate a computerized copy of the form and
save it. To print an actual form, load your
printer with the preprinted form, fill in the
blanks on the screen and print. Only the
information necessary will be printed, and
you will have a crisp, neat printed form.
This feature eliminates most of the guess-
work in using a computer for pre-printed
forms, and it makes the typewriter unnec-
essary.

To round out clerical work, Simply Bet-
ter can be used for mail merging, which is
a great way to make fast work of form
letters and the like. First, you create a file
containing a list of the information to be
included in the merge (a set of addresses,
for example). Then you write your form
letter and append the list to the end. A few
quick keystrokes are all that's needed.
And the information file can be updated as
necessary.

Another powerful feature is the inclu-
sion of tasks (macros). A task is an often-
repeated series of keystrokes that's been
reduced down to a one-keystroke combi-
nation. For example, let's say you have a
table of numbers, each with a leading zero
in screen Column 4. To delete this charac-
ter from 25 successive lines, you would
have to move to that position on each line
and then delete the character. But you
could program a task with the same key-
strokes it takes you to manually delete the
zero in one line, then tell the system on
how many lines you want this same task
performed. Press CTRL and the number
key assigned to your task, and your work
will be done for you. We all know the
computer can do our work much faster if
we let it. And what I've just described is
only a small example of what tasks can do.
Simply Better allows for up to 10 simulta-
neous tasks, and each task can be altered at
your discretion. The tasks are very easy to
create and use, and you can even save
them to disk for use during later editing
sessions.

Another handy item is the "next num-
ber out" feature. You can use this to create
numbered lists in a flash. Just use the
Number command to set up the starting
number and increment (or decrement, if
you wish). Then, when you press CTRL-
N, the software will generate the starting
number. A second press of CTRL-N pro-
duces the next number in the series, based
on the chosen increment. Just keep press-
ing CTRL-N (or use SHIFT-®, Simply
Better's function-repeat keys) and you'll
get successive numbers on the screen. This
is great for writing B ASIC programs using

a word processor. And it has 101 other
uses, too. Combined with the power of
tasks, it is easy to produce checklists of
nearly any length.

Other more standard features include
complete control of justification (left, right,
center or both), headers and footers, auxil-
iary text lines and pagination. Not so stan-
dard is the "insert page number" command
that causes the current page number,
whatever it might be, to be printed any-
where in your text.

Simply Better is designed with customi-
zation in mind. Once the main program is
loaded, you have the option of overlaying
the parameters section with a configura-
tion file. Included are files for green screen
and amber screen monochrome monitors
as well as one for RGB monitors. And by
running the included CONFIG program,
you can create your own custom setup.
Upon running CONFIG, you are greeted
with a screen that allows you to select the
startup size for the primary and alternate
buffers on 1 28K and 5 1 2K machines. You
can also select screen width, the number of
tracks per disk, word wrap on or off, verify
on or off, whether the program starts in the
insert or overstrike mode and more. The
second page of CONFIG lets you custom-
ize the print fonts for your printer. This is
also where you choose the foreground and
background colors for how these fonts will
appear on the screen. The final page of
CONFIG lets you determine default para-
meters for justification, pagination, head-
ers and footers, margins and much more.
Of course, any defaults can be changed
quickly during actual editing, as well.

The 138-page manual accompanying
Simply Better is well-written and liberally
sprinkled with excellent examples of how
each feature is used. Once you have some
understanding, you can call up help screens
in any mode to give you that last nudge
during editing. It is obvious every care was
taken to make sure this package is com-
plete. For example, the system uses beeps
to alert the user that input is required or
that an error has occurred. For the hearing-
impaired, Simply Better includes an "eyes"
option that flashes the screen border in-
stead of beeping. The flash is very notice-
able, even from across the room. This
option is just one of many useful and
thoughtful touches by the author, Dale
Rickert.

In addition, Mr. Rickert is starting a
newsletter to support the system. This
publication is intended as a medium for
Simply Better users to help each other by
providing hints, tips, fixes and other useful
information about the software. I applaud
Simply Better Software for its complete
support of its fine product.

Simply Better includes other features
too numerous to be described in depth
here. The system does more than most
people will ever want. But it is really nice
to have the capabilities available when
you do need them. The features don't get
in the way or make the program difficult to
use. The program is easy to use and, in my
estimation, rates high in efficiency and
productivity. At $29.95 for the complete
package, I don't believe you can get a
bigger or better bang for your buck any-
where else.

(Simply Better Software, P.O. Box 20726,
Portland, OR 97220, 503-254-7225; $29.95:
First product review for this company ap-
pearing in THE RAINBOW.)

— Cray Augsburg

1 Softwar e

CoCo3

Space Intruders-
A Space Invasion

For anyone out there who has never
played a Space Invaders-type game, it
goes like this: You command a laser sta-
tion that moves horizontally along the
bottom of the screen. Above your gun are
four bunkers that serve as protection. Above
these bunkers are five rows of aliens. The
object of the game is to prevent the "in-
truders" from landing. You accomplish
this by blasting them as they move back
and forth across the screen.

Space Intruders is a classic Space In-
vaders game for your Color Computer 3. It
works with both RGB (including Euro-
pean 50 Hz RGB) and composite moni-
tors, and can be played with either a joy-
stick or the keyboard.

It ISM SCG*et HIM

A A A A A A A A
AAAAAAAAA

99 9]9 99 99 99

* mm

"^^n 11 j 1 1 n i. ■ jjiraiiimtiuu»mii. rr i vb. in mm i ii »ii

m an

The game comes on a tape or copy-
protected disk with a four-page manual,
which really provides all anyone needs to
know to play the game. The graphics are
excellent. The bunkers and creatures are
shaded to give a pleasing three-dimen-
sional look, and the gun barrel recoils
when it fires. The game also maintains a

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 135

list of high scores during play (but doesn't
save them on disk). When it's not being
played, the game alternates between the
title screen and a demo mode.

Game Point Software offers free re-
placement during the first 90 days and
charges only $3.50 thereafter. Although
copy protection is really annoying, you
don't have to worry about wiping out your
game disk, because replacements are easy
to obtain.

If you like Space Invaders, Space In-
truders is a must. The graphics and music
easily match the best you'd find in an
arcade hall.

(Game Point Software, P.O. Box 6907, Bur-
bank, CA 91510, 818-566-3571; $24.95 plus
$3 S/H)

— Robert Marsa

1 Softwar e

Ghost Hunters —
Ugly surprises for
the Faint of Heart

Here we go again, just like in the horror
movies. Doctor Blankman and four of his
associates (two men, two women), are
wandering about in a ramshackle old place
that would give Dracula the creeps. Do
they have a platoon of Army Rangers or
the L.A. SWAT Team with them? No, no,
no. They're going to rely on themselves.
As a consequence, they are going to en-
counter numerous ugly surprises as they
plow through ankle-deep dust and brush
cobwebs as big as fishing nets out of the
way. Some of them will not survive the
experience.

I happen to hate ugly surprises.
SPORTSware's latest disk-based game for
the CoCo 3, Ghost Hunters, is full of them
— part of the design, old chap.

This is a stand-alone game, independ-
ent of SPORTS ware 's War game Designer
system (see my review in the August '88
RAINBOW, Page 126). However, since
Americans love to fiddle with and adjust
things, you could also consider it "priming
the pump," making you want to buy War-
game Designer, After all, most of us are
like Oscar Wilde: "I can resist everything
except temptation." Especially us CoCo-
nuts.

Ghost Hunters is excellent as a stand-
alone for the non-fiddlers. There are five
of you attempting to save the planet from
demonic possession and enslavement. All
you have to do is collect four plasma
disruptors from various parts of the old

Steadman place and use them to close the
portal — to the Abyss. What could be
more straightforward?

Think again, Poopsie. The old Stead-
man place (the game presents a side view
of the four-story house) is overrun with
ugly surprises such as skull-and-crossbones
symbols, specters that look like rabid rock
stars, green spiders with red legs, and other
assorted hostile spirits. I mean, these things
are ug-L7. You can tell that because of the
superb graphics, which are especially bril-
liant on an RGB monitor. They are also
nice on a color TV, but refer to the quota-
tion above about temptation. In fact, after
reviewing War game Designer last year, I
bought an RGB monitor.

You don't see the ghosties and beasties
and things that go scritch in the night until
they're right on top of you. Oh, sure, you
get quick flashes of the demonic reserves
now and then, but all ghostly movement is
hidden (unless you cheat by pressing a
shifted 3 during the combat phase). During
the ghosts' movement phase, you can hear
little sly "scritch" noises, like what small,
sharp claws might make on a chalkboard.
That's followed by a slight "tink," like
cheap glass being tapped. I don't know
what that means, but it doesn't sound good.

Although the game is designed for one
player, it does have a two-player option.
There's also a game save capability, and
it's not a bad idea to take advantage of it
every once in a while. That way you don't
have to start from scritch every time you
get overwhelmed by the spirits. The four
pages of instructions also say to stick to-
gether so that the demons can't chip away
at your strength. Heed the warning! Once
I forgot to pick up one of the plasma
disruptors and sent poor old Dr. Aggon
(he's the one that looks like Joe Stalin)
back after it. He never made it. After being
attacked by three or four demons he just
disappeared. Pity; he was always a lot of
fun on May Day.

Also, watch your route from one plasma
disruptor to another. The brown trapdoor
things can be opened, as can the doors (at
a cost to your movement points), but other
holes can't be used. This complicates things,
especially when you see brief (brief!) flashes
of the spirits' reserves and you may have to
fight your way through them. With prac-
tice, you'll also figure out how to move
your people without one blocking another's
path. Until then they'll tend to jam up in
doorways, which just makes the leading
one that much more vulnerable to getting
attacked by several demons at once.

Ghost Hunters is a fun game, one in
which you not only get to use some tactics
but also to exercise some planning. It's not
easily mastered, so for $ 15 it's a good buy.

And in case you either already have War-
game Designer, or decide to buy it, the
instructions have specific and easy-to-read
steps to add the basic (pun intended) Ghost
Hunters "do it yourself modification
programs.

(SPORTSware, 1251 S. Reynolds Road, Suite
414, Toledo, OH 43615; 419-389-1515; $15)

— John M. Hebert

1 H ardwar e 1

TelePak—

A Replacement

for the RS-232 Pak

The CoCo market is amazing. No sooner
does one product or supplier disappear
when another steps in to take its place.
That's the way it is with Orion Technolo-
gies and its products, TelePak and Tele-
Pak*. Tandy dropped the Deluxe RS-232
Program Pak some time ago. Most Radio
Shacks no longer stock this item. Yet it's
necessary for reliable serial communica-
tion — especially when speeds exceed 300
or 1 200 baud. The two versions of TelePak
serve as a replacement for the Tandy Pak.
One is essentially a functional duplicate of
the original; the other adds a power supply
to the cartridge. Neither has the internal
ROM-based communications program; but
since it was really useless, that's no loss.

The only difference between the two
versions of TelePak is in the power re-
quirements. The TelePak uses the 12-volt
power supplies built into the original CoCo
1 and all Multi-Paks. The TelePak+ can be
used with any CoCo because it has voltage
converter circuitry built in. Each version
comes in a case that is the same size as
Tandy's newer disk drive controllers. In
addition to the Pak itself, Orion includes a
minimal, but adequate, manual. The man-
ual includes wiring diagrams for connect-
ing TelePak to other RS-232 devices and
to a null-modem adapter. It also contains
programming information for the hard-
ware registers. This information is com-
plete and correct, but rather sparse.

A device such as this either works cor-
rectly or it doesn't. TelePak works exactly
as it was designed to work. I tested it with
several communications programs using a
modem at 1200 baud and using a direct,
null-modem connection to another com-
puter at speeds up to 19,200 baud. It worked
exactly the way the original Tandy unit
worked. Orion claims compatibility with
Autoterm, XTerm, The Wiz, V-Term,
Mikeyterm, Greg-E-Term, Rickeyterm and

136 THE RAINBOW April 1989

Ultimaterm, 1 have no reason to doubt
these claims. My tests were done using
Kermit, XCom-9, Datapak //+ and a pro-
gram of my own.

Construction of the TelePak is clean
and solid. There is little more to say about
the device. It doesn't require any special
programming because it duplicates all the
functions of the Tandy Pak.

Orion warrants the equipment for 30
days. After that time, it will repair or
replace defective equipment for a reason-
able fee for up to six months after pur-
chase. If you are in the market for an RS-
232 pack, TelePak is one of few choices.
It's fortunate that Orion chose to produce
this device and did the job right. The
equipment is solid and performs well, the
manual is adequate and correct, the war-
ranty is good, and the price is reasonable.
What more could we ask for? I, for one, am
looking forward to seeing more of Orion's
offerings.

(Orion Technologies, P.O. Box 63196, Wich-
ita, KS 67203, 316-946-0440; $44.95 for
TelePak, $49.95 for Te!ePak+, $3 for S/H:
First product review for this company ap-
pearing in THE RAINBOW.)

— Donald L. McGarry

CoCo3

Picture Puzzles-
A New Twist
to an Old Favorite

When I was a kid, almost every Christ-
mas I would get one of those little puzzles
in my stocking — the kind with 1 5 num-
bered tiles arranged in a four-by-four grid
(one tile missing). With the tiles thor-
oughly scrambled, the object was to slide
them around and restore them to the proper
numeric sequence.

Picture Puzzles, a program from JR &
JR Softstuff for the Color Computer 3, is
very similar in concept, except that it uses
a six-by-six grid. And instead of numbers,
the "tiles" are pieces of a graphic design.
The arrow keys are used to slide the puzzle
pieces around on the screen in order to
reassemble the picture in its original form.
If what I have described so far does not
have you clamoring to order this program,
I certainly understand. When I opened my
review package and looked at the docu-
mentation, I wasn't exactly thrilled either.
I confess I didn't even bother to verify that
I could load the program for two days after
receiving it. When I did decide to do so, I

figured I would spend 10 or 15 minutes
with the thing, and then ignore it for a few
days until I felt ready to deal with a boring
program.

Four-and-a-half hours later it was 2
a.m., and I reluctantly realized I should
stop playing Picture Puzzles and go to bed
before it was time to get up.

The following night I set out to write
my review, reasoning that I had doubtless
spent enough time with the program to
proceed with the real task at hand. Some-
how, my "one more game" stretched into
several hours, and I did not get anything
written. A similar thing happened the next
night. And the next.

Tonight, though, through astonishing
self-discipline, I managed to put Picture
Puzzles aside after a mere 30 minutes,
leaving ample time to get my thoughts
down on paper — or rather, onscreen. As
you may have noticed, I found Picture
Puzzles to be quite addictive!

On startup it asks you what type of
monitor you have (RGB or composite) and
then presents a menu of 10 different puzzles,
including circles, squares, stars and "ab-
stracts." After you select a puzzle, another
menu is displayed, which allows you to
select which of the three modes of play
you want to use.

In the first play mode, you set a time
limit (from one to 15 minutes) for solving
the puzzle. I got toasted in this mode every
time, and abandoned it after the first night.

Mode 2 enables you to set a move limit,
from 100 to 1000, in steps of 25. I did
better here, but found it so agonizing to
make 1 000 moves and then lose that I gave
up on this one, too.

The third mode is for me. It gives you
limitless play, and simply counts the number
of moves you take to solve the puzzle. My
best effort was 317 moves for the square.
One of the abstracts was my worst neme-
sis. I don't recall precisely the number of
moves I needed, but it exceeded my best
score by more than a factor of 10!

Once you enter the desired mode, the
puzzle is displayed. Pressing ENTER
scrambles the picture, and you are under
way. Reassembling the puzzle is not easy,
but you can ask for help as often as you
like. When you do, the program highlights
the next tile to be positioned, assuming
you are assembling them from left to right,
beginning with the upper-left tile. If you
are not using this approach, the Help func-
tion is not nearly as useful. There is also a
penalty for asking for help. In a timed
game (Mode 1), asking for help costs 10
seconds and in the other two modes adds
25 moves to your total.

In addition to the help function, a swap
command can be used once per puzzle to

interchange the position of two adjacent
tiles. It is usually possible, with some
determined manipulation, to complete the
puzzle without using this feature; being
notoriously stubborn about such things, I
made it a rule not to use it at all. On that
one abstract, though, I finally resorted to a
swap after more than 3200 moves. I might
still be working on it if I hadn't!

Should you totally lose hope, the Re-
store command puts the puzzle back to-
gether again and returns you to the main
menu.

In addition to being oodles of fun, Pic-
ture Puzzles is an exemplary bit of pro-
gramming. The puzzles are bright and
colorful, and with 10 to choose from there
is sufficient variety to keep the game from
getting repetitive. The movement of the
tiles is smooth, and they do not move
either so quickly or so slowly as to be
distracting. The sound effects are well-
blended. The noise of a sliding tile can be
turned off, but it's one of those "appropri-
ate" sounds, and I never felt inclined to
squelch it. The "hoopla" when you solve a
puzzle is sufficiently gratifying without
forcing you to sit through a long reward
sequence.

If you own Telewriter, VIP
Writer, Word Power, or
Textpro, you can upgrade to
Max-10for only $49.95
Send proof of purchase (first
page of original manual or
original disk) with your
order for this special offer.
Be amazed or your money back.

See big ad on page 19 for ordering info.

VIP Writer. Telewriter. Textpro and Word Power are
trademarks of SO Enterprises. Cognitec. Cer-Comp.
and Mlcrocom Software, respectively.

C0L0RWARE

242-W West Avenue
Darien, CT 06820

( 203) 656-1806

fcOLORWARE

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 137

The documentation for this package is
very clear and complete, and it even in-
cludes screen dumps of all the puzzles
should you need additional help in solving
them. The disk is non-protected and car-
ries a one-year warranty against defects.

The only annoying facet of Picture
Puzzles is the lack of a joystick interface.
After several hours of using arrow keys, I
found myself wishing I could lean back in
my chair, prop my feet up on my desk, and
push tiles with a joystick for a while.
Instead, I went to bed. Hmmm, maybe
what we have here is just a built-in safety
feature!

Picture Puzzles is a quality package
that provides many hours of simple yet
challenging fun. If you are looking for yet
another reason to spend hours glued to
your CoCo, look no further! As for me, I'm
finished with this review, and it's only a
few minutes past midnight — plenty of
time for one or two more games....

(JR & JR Softstuff, P.O. Box 118, Lompoc,
CA 93438, 805-735-3889; $19.95 + $3 S/H)

— Jim K. Issel

1 Softwar e

CoCo3&OS-9 Level II

Ironsides and
Crimson Sails-
Fire a Broadside
at the Enemy

It is a quiet, sunny day in Sao Luis. The
harbor is waking to morning activities; the
ships creak quietly at anchor. Suddenly, a
lookout from the top of a mast calls out,
"Crimson Sails, Crimson Sails!"

Bleary-eyed Commander of the Sao
Luis Fleet, you step from your cabin and
squint out into the morning haze past the
island's rocky outcrops. There! Out past
the breakers! No less then 1 1 four-masters
are poised for attack! Rubbing the sleep
from your eyes, you shout for the quarter-
master to sound the alarm as you hurry to
prepare for the battle that will determine
the fate of Sao Luis.

Ironsides and Crimson Sails from Soft-
war Technologies is a two-player game for
the 5 1 2K Color Computer 3 running OS-9
Level II. Each player assumes the role of
commander — one player commands the
fleet of attacking crimson ships, and the
other commands a defending black fleet of
ships. If yours are the crimson ships, your
goal is to occupy the home port being
defended by the black ships. If you are

heading the black ships, or "Ironsides," it
is your job to sink all of the Crimson Sails.
It is possible to tie the game: Each oppo-
nent may be able sink all of the other's
ships.

Single players can attempt to play the
game for both sides, but this would be for
practice only to learn the strategy of the
game. There are several nice features.
Ironsides and Crimson Sails has context-
sensitive help windows that pop up if you
press the wrong key. There is also online
help available that lists complete game
rules and commands at the press of the
question mark (?) key. A game save and
load feature also is available from any-
where in the game. It's a good idea to print
out the help file so that you can have a hard
copy of the directions, because the only
"hard-copy" instructions that come with
the game consist of a single page on load-
ing and setting up.

Most of the setup is automated, so you
really don't need to know anything about
OS-9 to run Ironsides. Just follow the
directions on the sheet, and you shouldn't
encounter any problems. A note of caution
— after the game loads and displays its
banner screen, the display will become
blank and y ou ' 11 hear beeping for about 1 5
seconds while the game is initialized. This
is normal, and in a few seconds the de-
scription of the battle will appear, and then
play begins. RGB monitor users, remem-
ber to set MONTYPE RGB or you will get
false colors on the screen.

Ironsides and Crimson Sails comes with
five completely different naval battle sce-
narios, and five different maps, as well.
This game will not overwhelm you with
dazzling graphics. While the map setup is
crisp and clear, particularly on an RGB
monitor, it has limited, non-animated
graphic representations of a map screen
with the red and black ships on it. The
sound is limited to a soft beep when the
game loads and initializes and when a key
is pressed. The action is limited to ships
traveling in a straight line, sails disappear-
ing, (each ship has four initially, which are
lost by combat, storms, serpents or rocks)
a storm moving through, and serpents
squirming around. This is a strategy game
first and foremost. In spite of the limited
graphics and sound, the game is engaging,
and can be very challenging and absorb-
ing. It can get downright exciting from
time to time if you have a challenging
opponent.

In addition to the five scenarios that
accompany Ironsides and Crimson Sails,
Softwar Technologies is also offering
scenario disks. The disks cost $8.95 each,
and each contain eight additional scenar-
ios. Currently being offered are Greek and

Roman Sea Conflicts, Battles of the British
Fleet, American Sea Battles 1775-1895,
Sea Battles of the Civil War and mythical
and fantasy-based battles. Each battle has
its own descriptive page to set the stage for
the given battle. Each battle involves
completely different situations and requires
completely different strategies. The game
play is straightforward, but the strategy
can be difficult to master. All in all, Iron-
sides and Crimson Sails gives a good basic
simulation of combat between sailing
vessels. At $8.95 it is an excellent value.

(Softwar Technologies, Ameritrust Build-
ing, 17140 Lorain Avenue, Cleveland, OH
44111, 216-251-8085; $8.95: First product
review for this company appearing in THE
RAINBOW.)

— Jeffrey S. Parker

1 Softwar e

CoCo 1 , 2 & 3

Tetris-
From Russia,
With Love

Put down your weapons! Tetris, the
"Soviet Challenge," is a non-violent, chal-
lenging game of strategy and skill that so
far just might be the best thing to come out
of glasnost. Yes, it originated in Russia,
invented by computer researcher Alexi
Paszitnov and programmed by student
Vagim Gerasimov. From their computers
to your CoCo it has gone through five
companies — one Soviet, one British and
three American. Plug the cartridge into
your 32K or greater CoCo — you don't
need a disk drive for this one — and let's
go!

fP#M- £jdrttMu-
nists were

to take over the
world (at least in
the software field ),
they succeeded with
Tetris . It is very ad-
dictive."

Tetris at first seems ridiculously simple,
but its complexity will amaze you. It is an
addictive "thinkers" game that will stretch
your spacial abilities. You cannot "win" at

138 THE RAINBOW April 1989

Tetris, for the game has no ending — it just
keeps going for as long as you can keep up.

On the game screen there is a rectangu-
lar black "pit." Pieces composed of four
blocks (tetra meaning "four") fall from the
top of the screen into the pit. It is your job
to fill it with these symmetrical and asym-
metrical pieces in such a way that you
create solid rows, leaving no gaps: You
can move the pieces left and right and
r6tate them in 90-degree increments. When
you have formed a solid row, that row
disappears, and the unfinished row above
drops to fill its place. If you let the pieces
pile up all the way to the top of the screen,
the game is over.

As long as you can keep filling rows,
the pieces will keep dropping. But the
better you get, the faster they fall. Your
score is based on how many pieces fall into
the pit and how many lines are cleared. So,
of course, the strategy is to keep clearing
out the blocks at the bottom so that there is
room for more to fall. You must plan your
strategy ahead — making the best possible
move for the moment may not be the best
in the long run. After the title screen (and
between games) there is a demo that's
truly fascinating, even hypnotic! It's in-
structional, too; beginners would do well
to study the technique.

Tetris actually comes in two versions,
both of which are included in the ROM
pack: one for 32K CoCos 1 and 2, and one
for the CoCo 3. It knows what kind of
CoCo it's been plugged into. For the CoCo
3 there is an RGB/composite option. User
interaction is via the keyboard or a joy-
stick, but the joystick operation is awk-
ward. There are 10 skill levels, which are
based on speed. With keyboard operation,
the J and L keys are used to move pieces
left and right, and the K key is for rotation.
Both the comma (,) key and the space bar
can be used to drop a piece if you're in a
hurry. The arrow keys can also be used for
the J, K, L and comma pieces. If you're in
a really big hurry, pressing the I key will
advance you to the next higher (faster)
level. Levels under 5 are rather slow, but
Level 9 really whizzes! If the phone rings,
press the BREAK key to pause.

CoCo 3 users have extra options in that
they can call up a help menu and statistic
and level displays. One option any CoCo
user can take advantage of is the "Next"
feature. "Next" will display the next piece
to fall, before it's on the screen. This gives
you a little time to plan your strategy, but
the down side is that it also affects scoring
— negatively.

Tetris is a fun game that a single player

or the whole family should enjoy and
consider well worth having. Actually, it's
a good game to teach children shape per-
ception as well as coordination.

If the Communists were plotting to take
over the world (at least in the software
field), they succeeded with Tetris. It is
very addictive. So just make very, very
sure, if you buy Tetris, that you have
nothing better to do, that your job is not
tied in any way to national security, that
you don't have to eat or sleep..,.

(Spectrum HoloByte, dist. by the Tandy
Corporation, 1700 One Tandy Center, Fort
Worth, TX 76102; $29.95: Available in Radio
Shack stores nationwide.)

— Audrey DeLisle

TOTHI AN
SOF THflRE

^ — 3 '

BASIC UTILITY DISKETTE

A real time saver for the person who develops
software using COCO Basic.

— DUMPDIR: Prints a hard copy of a disk's
directory. No more searching one disk after
another looking for a lost file.

— DUMPCRT: Copies text from the screen to the
printer. Versions included for 40 and 80 column
COCO 3 text screens.

— DUMPFILE: Dumps any disk file to the printer.
Printout can be in either decimal or in hex values.

— CROSSREF: Prints cross reference of source
and destination line numbers for basic jump
instructions (GOTO, GOSUB, etc.).

— COMPARE: Reads two BASIC Programs from
diskette and compares them line by line. Lists all
lines that are not identical.

Requires COCO 2 or 3, disk and printer.
Order at $19.95 plus $2 p&h.
Calif, residents add $1.20 tax.

T.E.M. of California Uf\v\

Box 4311 RAINBOW

_ .. - - mr% . CERTIFICATION

Fullerton, CA 92634-4311 seal

THIS 18 ONE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS.

AND THIS IS NOT.

WRITE US AND ASK THAT
YOUR NAME BE PLACED ON
OUR FREE NAILING LIST.
NO OBLIGATION.

TOTHI AN SOFTWARE, INC.

BOX 663
RIHERSBURG, PA. 16248

(SINCE 1985>

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 139

1 Software

Rupert Rythym —
Tap, Tap, Do-Do-Do-
Do Bop Bap Hey!

Imagine waking up one morning to find
that the scheming manager of Music Box
Records has stolen all your original musi-
cal manuscripts and plans to release your
songs under his name! You must get your
manuscripts back, but this means entering
the Music Box Records building after hours
and searching all the rooms. Sound easy?
It would be a snap, crackle and pop if it
weren't for the building's night-time staff
of roaming security robots, eternally vig-
ilant and ever ready to put a swift end to an
honest intruder's quest. And then there are
all those crazy elevators....

A musician's life is not an easy one in
Rupert Rythym, an arcade-style action game
for one player. (Yes, Rythym. The pro-
grammer, Nickolas Marentes, is an Aussie;
apparently that's the way they spell the
word Down Under.) To play you'll need a
CoCo 3 with a disk drive and a joystick
(you'll definitely want to use a joystick
rather than a mouse). Rupert Rythym can
easily be configured for a composite monitor,
but you'll need an RGB color monitor to
really appreciate the program's quality
and 16-color graphics. And then there's
the sound: real, digitized percussion sounds
that will have you thinking your CoCo has
turned into a rocking rhythm machine.

With a simple LOADM" RUPERT", the
all-machine-language, copy-protected pro-
gram boots quickly. There is a 90-day war-
ranty offering free replacement of a failed
disk; after that a replacement disk will cost
$3.50.

Once Rupert Rythym is running you are
greeted by a sharp-looking title screen.
You are also treated to the cleverly orches-
trated percussion sounds of Rupert Rythym' 's
humorous opening theme (Tap, Tap, Do-
Do-Do-Do Bop Bap Hey! The "Hey!" is a
digitized voice). When you've heard enough,
you can begin game play with a simple
click of the joystick button.

Upon entering the world of Rupert
Rythym you'll find yourself in Music Box
Record's "Master Hall" with 16 doors to
choose from. Rupert ' s "world" is basically
a high-quality, two-dimensional game grid;
Rupert can move left or right and up or
down, but there is no third dimension, i.e.,
Rupert cannot move toward or away from
the screen. With another click of the joy-
stick button you can enter any of the 16
rooms from the Master Hall.

Each of the 1 6 rooms consists of a series
of suspended platforms, all interconnected
by automated elevators. Each room has a
different configuration of platforms. You
move your alter ego, "Rupert," about the
rooms with your joystick, making short
jumps from platform to platform and rid-
ing the elevators to the more inaccessible
levels. But you must be careful: A careless
step will send Rupert into a fatal free-fall
to the bottom of the screen.

The goal of Rupert Rythym is to enter
each of Music Box Records' 16 rooms,
walk upon all of the platforms and collect
all 16 of Rupert's stolen music manu-
scripts. The manuscripts are actually indi-
vidual segments of a complete, digitized
"rhythm" percussion concert. Once you've
collected all 16 rhythm segments — and
assuming Rupert is still alive and rapping
— you must arrange them in their proper
playing order. When all the rhythm seg-
ments are correctly ordered, Rupert then
leaves the Master Hall and performs a
unique concert (randomized for each game),
which is accompanied by a graphic dis-
play. Points are awarded based upon the
number of rooms toured and how long it
takes you to play the game.

Of course, as I'm sure you've guessed,
rounding up all those rhythm segments
requires more than a simple soft- shoe
performance. While you must be careful
not to let Rupert fall off the edge of a
platform or elevator, you must also avoid
encounters with the lurking security ro-
bots; meet cheek-to-cheek with one of
them and it's "Taps" for Rupert. Fortu-
nately, Rupert has nine lives, so he is
allowed a few missteps. Luckily, too, Rupert
is not without defenses; a supply of fire-
crackers and pep pills, used effectively,
can ward off even the most menacing of
robot assaults.

From tKe opening title screen to little
Rupert and his firecrackers, I was very
impressed with the quality of the graphics
and animation. The graphics are a pleasure
to watch, and I particularly appreciated the
smooth scene transitions that would, for
example, make the title screen appear to
cross-dissolve into the game screen (in-
volving, among other things, some clever
palette manipulation). The high-quality

sound was very nicely married to the graph-
ics, each enhancing the other. I found the
joystick controls had a good, intuitive feel,
and there was no need to be constantly
returning to the keyboard during play.
There is a pause option, and it is very easy
to abort and restart the game at any time.
On the surface, Rupert Rythym is a really
smooth production.

I enjoyed Rupert Rythym for its look,
sound and ease of use, but what I missed
was more variety and a sense of immediate
reward. While each of Rupert Rythym' s 16
rooms is unique, there is only a total of 16
different platform layouts in all (not count-
ing the single platform layout in the Mas-
ter Hall), and the different layouts are just
distributed randomly among the rooms
with each start of the game. Basically,
Rupert Rythym offers 16 similar puzzles to
solve (requiring some note- taking, as well).
The focus is on strategy as much as on
arcade skills,

A choice of skill levels, or an option to
save a partially completed game to disk,
would have added some flexibility.

Even though it could use some variety,
Rupert Rythym offers fine graphics, some
entertaining challenges and the funkiest
sound I' ve ever heard come out of a CoCo.

(Game Point Software, P.O. Box 6907, Bur-
bank, CA 91510, 818-566-3571; $24.95 plus
$3 S/H for tape or disk)

— Walter Myers

1 Book ^

Start OS-9—
A Painless
Introduction to the
Power Environment

Probably one of the major reasons CoCo
users tend to shy away from OS-9 is the
rather formidable technical manual that
comes with the Level II version. This
coupled with the nice, friendly environ-
ment of Disk BASIC leads one to the
conclusion — "Why bother?" Being an
OS-9 user since its first appearance in
1983, I can tell you that it is definitely
worth the effort. One of the major prob-
lems in learning OS-9 is the limited amount
of books available (especially as com-
pared to the volumes for MS-DOS). The
books available are excellent, but tend to
cater more to an intermediate level. Paul
Ward of Kenneth-Leigh Enterprises has
just published a book, Start OS-9: An En-
joyable Hands-On Guide to OS-9 on the
Color Computer 3, which addresses the
new user with a CoCo 3 and OS-9 Level II.

140 THE RAINBOW April 1989

Start OS-9 is written in tutorial style
and includes a disk of several utilities that
were written by Stephen Goldberg, who
has contributed a number of utilities to the
"KISSable OS-9" column in THE RAIN-
BOW. The book is in 8 1/2-by-l 1 format
and is bound with a plastic spiral binder
that allows the book to lie flat next to the
computer, making it easy to work through
the tutorials. Included in the book are 10
tutorials plus explanatory material, as well
as several very interesting appendices.

The material covered in the book is
organized into 14 chapters, which are set
up in such a way that the reader can work
on a chapter a day and complete the "course"
in two* weeks. I'm sure that some will be
able to go faster, while others will take
their time. The book contains good de-
scriptions of the OS-9 modules that create
the operating system. Ward's discussion
of this material is presented at a basic
level, making it interesting reading for the
new user. Other chapters include discus-
sions on the following: making new sys-
tem boots; command syntax; paths and
directories; creating, renaming and delet-
ing directories; printer setup; basics of the
OS-9 line editor; merging files; loading
and unloading executable modules in
memory; customizing the startup file;

redirection and pipes; and of course, win-
dows. These are but a few of the topics that
are covered. All of the material is pre-
sented at the beginner's level and is suffi-
cient to give the new user a well-rounded
foundation in OS-9.

Seven appendices are included in the
book. These are written by well-known
authors who appear in the pages of THE
RAINBOW. Included in the appendices
are the topics Hardware for the CoCo by
Marty Goodman, Telecomputing by Wil-
liam Brady, Hard Drive Systems by Kevin
Darling, BASIC09 by Dale Puckett, Utili-
ties by Stephen Goldberg, and Music by
Paul Ward.

The utilities provided with Start OS-9
are quite useful and illustrate the power
and modularity of OS-9. Several of these
utilities are used in the book in conjunc-
tion with the development of a phone list
database. The utilities include the follow-
ing: Cls — clears the screen; Copy — a
revision of the Tandy copy command that
allows overwriting of an existing file;
Count — gives a count of the number of
characters, words and lines in a file; D —
provides an unformatted list of files in a
directory (useful with pipes); GRep — a
pattern-searching utility; Sort — an in-
memory ASCII file-sorting routine; and

Uniq — a utility that deletes repetitive
entries from sorted lists. In addition, the
disk contains modules to create a RAM
disk. Finally, some sheJl scripts are pro-
vided to illustrate how to set up various
types of windows. The disk also contains
files necessary for several of the tutorials.

Overall, the book is well-written and is
an excellent beginners resource. The soft-
ware included provides the new user with
some applications commands that demon-
strate the ease of using OS-9 as well as the
power of the operating system. There are a
number of typos in the book, as well as
some bad sentence structure; however, the
author indicates that these have been cor-
rected in the soon-to-be-released second
edition. Two additional appendices were
planned but did not make it to the first
edition; these were on compact disc inter-
action and bootlists. Owners of the first
edition may upgrade for the cost of $10. 1
definitely recommend this book to new
users and perhaps those not so new.

(Kenneth-Leigh Enterprises, 1840 Biltmore
St. NW, Suite 10, Washington, D.C. 20009,
202-232-4246; $32.95 plus $2.50 S/H: First
product review for this company appearing
in THE RAINBOW.)

— Donald D. Dollberg

mm.

COMPUTER ISLAND EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE

PROGRAMS ON SALE THIS MONTH

$15 each-tape or disk

TITLE

GRADE LEVEL

Distance Problems 5 - 8

Area and Perimeter 5 - 8

Sales and Bargains 5 - 8

Comparison Shopping .... 4 - 7

Linear Equations 7 - 9

Quadratic Equations .... 8 - 11

Trigonometry Tutor 8 - 10

Fractions - Addition... 4 - 8
Fractions-Subtraction. .4 - 8

Fractions-Multiply 4 - 8

Factors Tutor... 5 - 8

Math Invaders 1 - adult

Binary Dice Game 4 - adult

:<*n

Add $1.00 postage, NY res. add tax
VISA, MC - Send for free catalog

«:•:<•:

■. '.•••.:v.'.w.:::v.

^-•iVnYr-YriTT-ri----'

KEN-TON ELECTRONICS

PRESENTS

"Real" SCSI INTERFACE

- AND -
THE DUAL RS-232 PAK

HARD DRIVE
INTERFACE

$89 or $119 (with RTC)

Real-Time Clock Battery-backed
L.R. Tech Compatible
Owl DOS Compatible
RGB DOS Compatible
H-D0S Compatible
0S-9 Compatible
28 Pin Rom Socket

DUAL COMM
BOARD

$74 (single) $89 (Dual)

Replaces RS-232 PAK
2-6551 A.C.I.A/S
2 Independent RS-232 Channels
Jumper Selectable for up to 4
(Four) Channels (with 2nd board)
Ultra low power draw
28-Pin ROM Socket

Build your Hard Drive the RIGHT way with a REAL SCSI Interface. All
our products are MIL-Specification Quality P.C. Boards and carry a full
90 day warranty. Both the Dual Comm and the SCSI Interface work
directly with a Y-CABLE or the Multi-Pak Interface and are made in the
U.S.A.

CALL US FOR PRICES ON CUSTOM SYSTEMS,
HARD DRIVES AND CABLES

Terms:

Check or M.0. accepted (US Funds only)

Please add $4.00 for S&H

Phone Orders are welcomed!

Call 1-716-837-9168 (24 nr. order line)

KEN-TON
ELECTRONICS

187 GREEN ACRES RD.
TONAWANDA, NY 14150

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 141

The following products have recently been received by
THE RAINBOW, examined by our magazine staff and
issued the Rainbow Seal of Certification y your assurance
that we have seen the product and have ascertained that it

Caladuril II: Weatherstone's End, a CoCo 3
sequel to the Adventure Caladuril Flame of
Light. Monstrous storms threaten King Jamer-
end's valley, and the court sages send his
young son, Olin, on a quest to determine the
reason. But Olin is waylaid and finds himself
on an unfamiliar shore in a land that is held by
the enemy. A 100-percent machine-language
program, the game supports 16-color graphics
on the CoCo 3. It comes on a two-disk set and
includes a map and a 20-page manual. Oblique
Triad, 32 Church St., Georgetown, Ontario,
Canada L7G 2A7, (416) 877-8149; $32 US,
$38 Cdn.

Chess Made Easy, a menu-driven chess
tutorial for the CoCo 3. The program includes
seven individual lessons: Chessboard identi-
fies the squares on the board; Chessmen shows
how the pieces are moved; Notation teaches
you how to record your moves for later review;
Playing the Game covers the rules of chess and
setting up the chessboard; Chess Opening
provides instructions for developing your pieces
in preparation for the Middle Game; Middle
Game exploits the weaknesses of your oppo-
nents; and The End Game explains a Check-
mate and Coup-de-grace. Requires a CoCo 3
and a disk drive. CoCo Chess/Ware, P.O. Box
542, Starkville, MS 39759, Contact Donald
Villiard at (601 ) 323-9081; $20.

Disk Doctor, a disk utility designed for use
with Burke & Burke's Hyper-110. It allows the
user to check a specified device forbad sectors.
If a bad sector is found, the user has the option
of blocking out the granule relating to that
sector in the GAT. Included is a provision for
printing a hard copy of trouble spots on the
device. Requires 64 K and Hy per -I/O. For the
CoCo 1, 2 and 3. KB Enterprises, 435 Bright-
waters Drive, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931, (407)
799-3253; $17.95 plus $1.50 SIH.

Hard Drive Utilities 2.0, an upgrade of the
hard disk drive utility designed for use with
Burke and Burke's Hyper-IIO. It will back up
device to device and hard drive to disk, select
files for operation, search for filenames and
restore the hard drive to and from the disk.
Requires 64K and Hyper-IIO. For the CoCo 1,
2 and 3. KB Enterprises, 435 Brightwaters
Drive, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931, (407) 799-
3253; $21.95 plus $1.50 SIH.

1 42 THE RAINBOW April 1 989

Hard Drive Zap, a disk zap utility designed
for use with Burke & Burke's Hyper-IIO. It
includes a seven-page tutorial on various file
recovery techniques and allows the user to:
move to any section on the device or a specific
track or sector directly; move around the cur-
rent sector being accessed and modify the data
in it; write out a modified sector to the device;
list a device directory to the screen or printer;
access the GAT and view the entire sector in
hexadecimal format; print the data of the cur-
rent sector in ASCII format; and switch to
another device within the program. Requires
64K and Hyper-IIO. For the CoCo 1, 2 and 3.
KB Enterprises, 435 Brightwaters Drive, Co-
coa Beach, FL 32931 , (407) 799-3253; $21.95
plus $1.50 SIH.

Lock Master, a disk utility that allows you to
lock your disks with or without a password so
that no directory entries can be seen. It locks
the DOS track and the directory, so that pro-
grams loaded using the DOS command no
longer function and an attempted save to disk
will be thwarted with a DF (Disk Full) Error.
For the CoCo 1 , 2 and 3. Right Brothers Soft-
ware ,1173 Niagara Street, Denver, CO 80220 ;
$14.95 plus $2 SIH.

Notes, a menu-driven music editor for the
CoCo 2 and 3 that allows you to write and edit
musical notation, including orchestral and solo
parts or scores, and print eight lines of music
per page on a dot-matrix printer. (Not suitable
for piano copy.) Robert Fori, 137 Wingfoot
Court, Aptos, CA 95003, (408) 688-01 15; $45.

Roots, a machine language source file contain-
ing over 100 subroutines to add to your own
programs. The package includes FONT . DAT,
which allows you to send characters to the
screen or printer, read and write sectors to disk,
convert registers into ASCII numbers, gener-
ate random numbers, put ASCII characters on
Hi-Res screens, read joysticks, input strings
and numbers, etc. Uses the extra keys, speed,
graphics and memory of the CoCo 3. For the
CoCo 1, 2 and 3. GSW Software 8345 Glen-
wood, Overland Park, KS 66212; $25, disk
only.

R.S.B. V. 1.2, an upgrade of the OS-9 program
that emulates the Disk BASIC environment.
New features include support for basic pro-
grams as large as 32K, support for auto-line-
feed printers, and revised PALETTE and CLS
commands that match Disk BASIC operation
more closely. Requires a CoCo 3 and OS-9
Level II. Burke & Burke, P.O. Box 1283,
Palatine, IL 60078, (312)397-2898; $39.95.

VIP Calc III, an update of the VIP spreadsheet
that's been written for the CoCo 3. A worksheet
with up to 5 12 columns and 1024 rows can be
drawn, and 16 windows can be called up for
comparisons. Features include block functions,
sorts, programmable functions, algebraic and
trig functions, and eight- and 16-digit preci-
sion. On disk for the CoCo 3. SD Enterprises,
P.O. Box 1233, Gresham, OR 97030, (503)
663-2865; $69.95.

^ First product received from this company

The Seal of Certification is open to all manufacturers of products for the Tandy
Color Computer, regardless of whether they advertise in THE RAINBOW.

By awarding a Seal , the magazine certifies the program does exist — that we have
examined it and have a sample copy — but this does not constitute any guarantee
of satisfaction. As soon as possible, these hardware or software items will be
forwarded to THE RAINBOW reviewers for evaluation.

— Lauren Willoughby

RAINBOWTECH

16K ECB

It's April again, and you know what that
brings — fools in computers and fools in love,

April Foolishness and
Pentomino Contest Winners

By William Barden, Jr.

Rainbow Contributing Editor

In keeping with the first part of the month I'm going to
present some recent questions received in THE RAINBOW
mailbag — a potpourri of hardware, software and
operational queries. The second part of this column
announces the winners of the Pentomino Contest and shares
some interesting correspondence regarding pentominoes.
First, the Q&A . . .

April's Questions and Answers

/ recently went to my Radio Shack store and told the
salesman that I was looking for an inexpensive, capable
computer system with an operating system similar to Xenix,
lots of game-oriented software, and inexpensive, powerful
peripherals that could be used with it. Oh, yes, I told him
that it must have a Motorola microprocessor — something
like the 6800, but better. He told me that a Tandy 3000 with
a Tandy laser printer was just what I needed and guided me
toward the front of the store. On the way, I stumbled over
a box marked "Color Computer 3. " On inspection, it seemed
to be just what I was looking for and I bought it over the
saleman's objections. Did I make a mistake?

— Puzzled in Omaha

Dear Puzzled:

The CoCo 3 has an entry-level price of about one-fifth that
of an MS-DOS system, a great variety of inexpensive
software and hardware available for it, a sophisticated
operating system called OS-9 for a very reasonable cost, and
a powerful 6809 microprocessor. In spite of those factors,
however, the CoCo 3 is probably not a bad system, and you
may be happy with it. Let me know how this turns out.

Bill Barden has written 27 books and over 100 magazine
articles on various computer topics. His 20 years' experience
in the industry covers a wide background: programming,
systems analysis and managing projects for computers
ranging from mainframes to micros.

I keep reading not only about the CoCo 1, 2 and 3 systems,
but various revision boards as well. What's the straight story
on this?

— Too Many Revisions

Dear Too Many:

The original CoCo 1 was first introduced in 1946 when
Radio Shack was selling through Allied radio in Chicago. Far
ahead of its time, the system prompted many returns with
refunds after irate customers found they could not receive
The BBC Overseas Service, Radio Netherlands or Voice of
America on the package. Radio Shack put the system on ice.

In 1980 the CoCo 1 was reintroduced and became an
overnight success. By this time Radio Shack had retrofitted
the system to include short wave circuitry.

Early versions of the CoCo 1 were assembled in Fort Worth
by a work force of itinerant rodeo performers. If you can
obtain these early systems (they are now collector's items),
you will see the signatures of many of the original fabricators
etched inside the case in the plastic — names like Billy Joe
Bob Eikens, Bobby Joe Bob Calkins, Freddy Joe Bob Smith,
and Lester Caxton Grunwald-Smyth, III.

Later versions of the CoCo 1 were manufactured in the
Orient. The Model A revision board corrected a minor flaw
in the circuitry — not being able to write text characters to
the screen. The Model A revision was followed by revisions
B through MN, each correcting minor flaws and reducing the
chip count to lower the expense.

The CoCo 2 brought a new keyboard to replace the
"chiclet"- style keys of the CoCo 1, made out of dessicated,
molded Central American gum. By this time Radio Shack
had fine-tuned the CoCo and reduced the board revisions
over the life of the CoCo 2 to only revisions A through Q.

The CoCo 3 brought 640-by-192 graphics and 512K of
memory. Always looking for low-cost solutions, Radio Shack
had incorporated all of the CoCo logic into one humongous
chip — the so-called GIMEDOLLAH chip. The CoCo 3
system currently has only one board revision, but 32 revisions

April 1 989 THE RAINBOW 1 43

to the GIMEDOLLAH chip itself, revisions A through AF.
Also by this time, manufacturing had reverted to the United
States, where labor was less expensive than in the Orient.
I hope this answers your question.

I like "Bar den's Buffer", but find many of your program
descriptions long-winded and overly complex. For example,
in the November issue, you discuss several sorts. Could you
explain in simple terms how the Quick Sort works?

— Tired of Complexity

Certainly, Tired:

I looked over the column and it did read tediously. Here's
a new writeup on the Quick Sort:

"The Quick Sort is a recursive sort that partitions each file
into right and left subfiles in such a way that the new
partitions have reduced the original sorting problem to two
simpler partitions that can now be recursively processed by
a call to the Quick Sort subprogram again, applying the same
sorting technique to the two component parts until they are
sorted by the same method, but with the usual tests for
completion of recursion, in this case being a test that two
pointers (one to the right and one to the left partition) have
net crossed — an indication that the partition has been
successfully sorted."

I think that will make things more lucid for you.

Hike Tony DiStefano's "Turn of the Screw" column, but
am awed by the complicated circuitry required. Aren't there
simpler circuits?

— Tired of Complexity

Dear Tired:

Haven't we met before? Tony has some new beginner's
projects coming up that are perfect. I saw a preview of one
of them — a simple CoCo interface to a research hospital
PET scanner. It requires less than 2000 discrete components,
most of which are available at any Radio Shack store.

What are the advantages ofOS-9 RS DOS (Disk Extended
Color BASIC)?

— Perplexed in Pittsburgh

Dear Perp:

None that I can see. I asked Dale Puckett about this and
he admitted that as well.

Is there any way to convert my 1961 17-inch Packard Bell
black-and-white television for use on my CoCo 3 in 640-by-
192 color mode?

For this question well defer to rainbow's television and
monitor expert, Marty Goodman:

"You haven't given me enough data to go on! I don't know
from your desription whether you have the Packard Bell
17CRG set or the Packard Bell 17CRM set. It's very difficult
to answer questions of this type without having all the facts.
However, let me try.

If your set has a 1000 ohm, i^-watt resistor in Location
M23 of the flyback transformer casing, chances are it's a
17CRG. Otherwise it's probably a 17CRM. If your set is a
17CRG, carefully remove the flyback transformer casing.
You will see a connector underneath the rear edge labeled
"Color Connector." Insert a Color VDG chip (sold by many
rainbow advertisers, or available from Radio Shack

National Parts) into the connector and bend back Pin 24.
Using rainbow cable, connect pins 1 through 23 of the Color
VDG chip to the corresponding pins of the RGB connector
on the CoCo 3. Replace the flyback transformer casing. You
should now see full color on your Packard Bell.

If your set is a 17CRM, I would not recommend modi-
fication of the set. It is simply not reasonable to do so —
the modifications would far exceed the cost of a CM-8
monitor. You must get such a monitor if you want high-
resolution color for CoCo 3."

Thanks, Marty

/ am an 11 -year-old boy very interested in computers. 1
have built my own Color Computer 2 from scrap parts found
in the dumpster in back of the Radio Shack store in my
neighborhood. Iusedacar battery to program an old PROM.
It works fine. I want to use the Color Computer 2 to do a
science fair project on care of the aged by computer. But I
have a problem. I can't locate the EDTASM assembler
anywhere. I need to do the program in assembly language
because that's what I do best. Can you help me? (I think I
can win the science fair scholarship if I can get this working).

— Donny

Dear Donny:

Sorry to have to tell you this, but federal law prohibits
copying software such as EDTASM. This column simply
cannot condone such activity and I would suggest that unless
you can buy a copy of EDTASM that you pick another
project!

Where can I find graphics pictures that I can display on
the screen of my CoCo 3?

— Visual Vick

Dear VV:

Try using Delphi and the Color Computer Special Interest
Group (SIG). Here's a sample of what's currently offered:

GIRLS 11

SPACESH

MICKEY

ROACH

NUDES23

COWBOYC

XRATED
XXRATED

XXXRATED

Eleven 640-by-192 pictures from the
swimsuit issue of RAINBOW
Five pictures of the space shuttle
Two pictures of Mickey and Minnie
Three pictures of Tandy's John Roach
and Minnie

Twenty-three high-resolution pictures
showing Brooke Shields, Jessica Hahn
and playmates

Thirteen pictures of the Dallas Cowboy
cheerleaders

Back view of Microware developers
Three high-resolution, colored pictures
of a Revision B board of the Color
Computer 2 from various angles
Front view of an Apple Macintosh

There are many more pictures that can be downloaded, but
don't expect renditions from the Louvre, VV.

First we had the Color Computer 1, then the Color
Computer 2, then the Color Computer 3. I'm eagerly awaiting
what's going to happen next. Have you heard any rumors?

— Anxious

Dear Anxious:
As a matter of fact, I have. I was down in Fort Worth not

144 THE RAINBOW April 1989

too long ago, and here's what I heard: The new CoCo 4 will
dispense with a keyboard and add two more joysticks. The
Shack felt that the keyboard was a needless frill — their
surveys show that only 2 percent of the CoCo users — about
100,000 people — actually use the keyboard. The remainder
simply plug in cartridges. As a result, the new CoCo 4 will
have an additional cartridge slot. Because of the high royalty
rates paid to Microsoft and Microware, the new CoCo 4 will
do away with both Microsoft BASIC and OS-9. A new
operating system from Digital Research, CP-MC, will be
used in its place. Available languages are FORTRAN, COBOL
and jovial. Source code will have to be ported to the CoCo
4 through the RS-232-C interface. Sounds like an interesting
system and I can hardly wait!

I'm a 78-year old great-grandfather of 46 who 's just getting
interested in computers. Although I have a scientific
background (PhD in physics, Nobel Laureate) I'm just
wondering if I'll be able to learn anything about this new-
fangled technology. Do you think CoCo computing is a good
hobby to get into? Will I be able to pick any of this up?

— Zachary

Dear Zach:
No.

I've read a lot about clock speed-up for the CoCo 2 and
3. What is the maximum clock rate at which the CoCo can
run?

— Speed Demon

Dear Speedy:

Although you can double the clock rate of the CoCo 2 and
3 by pokes, it's a little-known fact that you can actually get
an effective clock rate of 144 MHz — hundreds of times faster
than normal — by using an external clock generator and
feeding it into the 6809B chip. At least one CoCo advertiser,
Darn Fast of Pudd, Wyoming, sells a kit for this ($59.95, 152
pounds with waveguides, shipped rail freight). The down side
is that not too many programs, including RS DOS, will run
with the upgrade.

The Puzzling Pentominoes

In the December '88 issue of RAINBOW, I proposed a contest
to see how many readers could figure out how to construct
3-by-20, 4-by-15, 5-by-12 and 6-by-10 blocks out of 12 figures
called pentominoes, shown in Figure 1. I also provided a
program that would allow you to move the figures around
on the screen. The program was written for the CoCo 3 to
take advantage of the computer's colors and high-resolution
screen. In retrospect, I really should have provided versions
for CoCo I and 2 users, although I thought that those readers
who were interested might cut the figures out of cardboard

In fact, many readers did use manual methods for this,
although some keyed in the program and used that. In this
month's column I'll name the winners of the Pentomino
Contest. Grand Prize for the contest, as you recall, was $M
50,000,000, where the "$M" stands for Microdollars, a
standard unit of currency used for the CoCo series worth (at
this time of writing, although the Microdollar is weakening...)
one-millionth of a U.S. dollar.

Reader Response

Dr. Norm Barson of East Brunswick, New Jersey was kind
enough to send a thick volume of pentomino configurations

Hole in shape
of pentomino

i 1

9 Pieces

8-by-8 Square
with 2-by-2
Hole

Figure 2: Other Pentomino Problems

he has done over the years. It includes the two answers to
the 3-by-20 puzzle, six answers to the 4-by-15 puzzle, 17
answers to the 5-by-12 puzzle, and several hundred answers
to the 6-by-10 puzzle. There are also pentomino puzzles
relating to shapes other than rectangles that can be made (a
few are shown in Figure 2) and Dr. Barson sent some of those
as well. Dr. Barson is a man after my own heart — wiling
away countless hours on puzzles such as this, just because
. . . well . . . they're there.

I also got a nice letter from Arthur Hallock of Deming,
New Mexico. Arthur included, as did Dr. Barson, a reference
to a program first done in May, 1984 by Jim Butterfield. This
BASIC program runs through all possible combinations of
pentominoes to solve the 3-by-20, 4-by-15, 5-by-12 and 6-by-
10 puzzles. I obtained a copy of the program and ran it. It

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 145

Figure 3: 3-by-20 Solutions

Figure 4: 4-by-15 Solutions

Figure 5: 5-by-12 Solutions

1 46 THE RAINBOW April 1 989

■

uses the CoCo text screen and displays the individual
pentominoes as text characters. A typical display is:

IVVVWW
IVTWWX
IVTWXXX ...
ITTTLXY
ILLLLYYYY

You can see how the pentominoes are made up of the same
letters as their names. The program arbitrarily starts with a
single pentomino, then tries another pentomino that fits, and
then keeps trying pentominoes until either successful or
unsuccessful. If unsuccessful, it "backs up" to try any
remaining pentominoes. The program works very well, but
is somewhat slow. As Norm Barson says, "I once left my
CoCo running continuously for over two weeks to get these
solutions and they all still had the same piece (T) in the upper-
lefthand corner."

Tim Cummings of Palmdale used some valid and interest-
ing logic to solve the 3-by-20 puzzle, finding out which
pentominoes were limited in position and working on from
there. Here are some other interesting comments from
readers:

"After working five solid hours ... I just could not give
up." Edd Hollingsworth

"I have found three solutions. ..." Marc-Antoine Chabot

"I used paper cutouts of the 12 pentominoes and trans-
cribed them to arrays." Gregory W. Long

"I had never heard of pentominoes before and now I am
virtually hooked on them. ..." Buel R. Thomasson

"After three days of tearing my hair out ..." Brian
Davidson

"After all, how hard could a puzzle with only 12 pieces be
to work. . . . Boy, was I surprised!" Lee Walker

"What a relief after two weeks at 1 Vi hours per day, to see
the grid flash . . . Fun!" James Posporelis

"Not having seen your pentomino puzzle before, I figured
I'd spend a few minutes playing with them. After all, how
difficult could it be?" George Aftamonow

"The puzzle took me about 20 minutes, but I attribute most
of this short time to luck. . . ." Christopher J. Gerber

"It took me about two hours." John Mosley

—

Figure 6: 6-by-10 Solutions

". . . this one has got me hooked. ... I have prom-
ised myself to write a program that will solve this puzzle in
all its variations. . . ."John Schott

". . . well it's six days later and I'm no further ahead. . . ."
Joel F. Klein (went on to solve many puzzles)

Pentomino Answers

As it turns out, there are two answers to the 3-by-20 puzzle,
except for rotations (turning the answer upside down) and
reflections (observing the answer in the mirror). There are
1010 answers to the 4-by-15 and to the 5-by-12, and 2339
answers to the 6-by-10. Hard to believe, isn't it?

The two answers to the 3-by-20 are shown in Figure 3.
Selected answers to the 4-by-15, 5-by-12 and 6-by-10 are
shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, respectively.

May I have the Printout, Please . . .

I picked up mail from my post office box on January 5,
1989, and found a notice for a certified letter from an Iowa
ZIP, postmarked in December. Sure enough, this turned out
to be the winning entry, with an astounding 1420 points. "I
would like to have put the program on my computer but
didn't have time to convert the program for my CoCo 2.
Maybe Santa will bring me a CoCo 3 for Xmas. These were
done by trial and error with paper and pencil. I like working
puzzles. Regards, Dale Luense".

Dale receives fifty million microdollars ($M 50,000,000 )
— about $50 at current exchange rates at the Fort Worth
Currency Exchange. The second- and third-place winners
each receive a copy of my Radio Shack book Shortwave
Listening Guide and a diskette containing the Hershey font
character set and programs. The second- and third-place
winners are:

Jason Cornez of Springfield, Ohio, with 290 points
Lee Walker of Richmond, Virginia, with 230 points

I assume here that the entries from Jeff Stall of Naperville,
Illinois, were not to be counted. If I misunderstood, please
let me know, Jeff.

Honorable mention (with significant work) in no special
order:

Edd Hollingsworth, Marion, Indiana

A. Prosky. Pgh, Pennsylvania

Marc Chabot, Carignan, Quebec

Gregory Long, Walnut Creek, California

Hermann Lorenz, Burford, Ontario

Tim Cummings, Palmdale, California

Buel R. Thomasson, Poplar Bluff, Missouri

Brian Davidson, Idaho Falls, Idaho

James Posporelis, Troy, New York

George Aftamonow, Milford, Connecticut

Christopher Gerber, East Lyme, Connecticut

John Mosley, Portland, Connecticut

James J. Wright, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania

John Schott, Blakely, Pennsylvania

Joel F. Klein, Indianapolis, Indiana

Leroy Guse, Greenleaf, Wisconsin

Other entries either solved the 3-by-20 puzzle alone or one
or two of the other configurations. I still appreciate the
response, however, and hope you enjoyed the challenge.

And that's it for this month. Next month, more foolishness
on the CoCo. /5?\

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 147

RAINBOWTECH

OS-9 Level II

Continued support for OS-9 users

In Quest Of New
Technology

Moving into the second quarter
of 1989, dedicated OS-9
hackers continue to carry the
load. In fact, at this writing they appear
to be the only group of people pushing
the Color Computer OS-9 Community
forward in its quest for new technology
and techniques. This month well high-
light some of the ideas they've been
throwing around during the past several
months. Hopefully, one of their ideas
will help you solve a pressing problem.

First, how would you like to be able
to turn on your computer and have it
boot OS-9 for you automatically. You
can now, thanks to the work of OS-9
Users Group Vice President Pete Lyall.
Lyall created an OS-9 autoboot
EPROM after hearing that many peo-
ple at RAINBOWfest Princeton were
interested in one.

Lyall's EPROM will boot OS-9 on
power-up or following a cold reset. It
takes you to Tandy's Disk BASIC if you
press a key during the boot sequence.
Lyall had already developed the
EPROM for a few friends, but hadn't
realized there was any general interest
until he received the feedback from
Chicago.

After RAINBOWfest, people on the
CompuServe OS-9 SIG where Lyall is

Dale L. Puckett, a freelance writer and
programmer, serves as director-at-large
of the OS-9 Users Group and is a
member of the Computer Press Associ-
ation. His username on Delphi is
DALE?: on packet-radio, KOHYD @
N4QQ; on GEnie, D.PUCKETT2; and
on CIS, 71446,736.

By Dale L. Puckett

Rainbow Contributing Editor

an assistant SysOp told him they were
very interested in his EPROM. Many
said they needed it to protect remote
unattended OS-9 systems. Others
wanted to make it easier for children
and spouses to run OS-9 games and
applications.

Lyall will program a 24-pin 68764/6
EPROM and send it to you for $3 1 . The
EPROM costs him $17, and he charges
$10 to burn it. The rest goes toward
shipping. He'll program a 28-pin 2764
EPROM and send it to you for only
$18.

If you supply a blank EPROM, Lyall
will program it and ship it back to you
for $14. But you must make sure it is
really blank. He recommends the 250-
nanosecond versions for the 2764
EPROMs used in the J & M and Disto
controllers.

If you're not sure which EPROM you
need, you'll need to open your con-
troller and count the pins on the second
largest chip inside. If you have a Radio
Shack controller, you 11 usually see a 24-
pin EPROM. Most third-party manu-
facturers use 28-pin EPROMs.

Lyall requires that you send him a
signed statement that indicates you are
a legitimate owner of Radio Shack Disk
BASIC and prefers that you send him a
copy made with your SflVEM command.
Here's the command line you need to do
the job.

SflVEM "DBASICBIN'\&HC000, &HDFFF,
&HA027

Send a check or money order made
payable to Pete Lyall, 1040 Stern Lane,

Oxnard, CA 93035. If you have ques-
tions you can reach him on Compu-
Serve at 76703,4230. On Delphi you can
leave him a message to OS9UGVP.

Pease Designing 68K Computer

Another hard-charging OS-9 hacker
is Kevin Pease. He's working on a single
board design of a 68K computer. Pease's
board will hold 2 megabytes of 256K-
by-4 memory — eight megabytes if you
use one-megabyte chips.

The board will support 3 l /2-inch flop-
pies and use direct memory access
transfers. It will also have a SCSI
interface for hard disk support. The
hard disk will use DMA to obtain a
maximum transfer rate of 1.6 Meg per
second. Four serial ports and a video
graphics interface supporting 256 colors
and 640-by-240 dot resolution will be on
board. It can use a CM-8 monitor. The
board will measure 4 1 / 4-by-9 inches and
use an IBM keyboard.

Pease plans to use a Signetics 10-
Megahertz SCC68070, which is com-
patible with the Motorola 68000 series.
It has a built-in memory management
unit and a built-in dual channel DMA
controller as well as a dual timer and
UART. Pease welcomes your com-
ments, which you can send to
70516,1633 on CompuServe.

QT-K System from FHL

It seems like almost everyone is
interested in a 6&xxx computer these
days. At RAINBOWfest Princeton, OS-
9 Users Group officers were showing off
a single board system they may offer to
members. In another aisle, at the FHL

148 THE RAINBOW April 1989

booth, Frank Hogg was asking for your
ideas for the latest addition to his QT
line. His newest computer is a bus-based
system that gives you a way to expand
your computer.

This is a major change in approach
since most of the earlier 6&xxx comput-
ers have been single-board systems.
Hogg showed a basic five-board system
at Princeton, after recognizing the need
for a low-cost 6&xxx system that owners
can customize and expand to suit their
needs.

With Hogg's new entry, you can start
with a floppy-based 68000 system with
minimal memory and expand to a
DMA SCSI hard disk system contain-
ing 16 megabytes of memory and a
68020 or 68030 or later. His K-BUS has
12 slots, a 16-megahertz zero wait state
bus, a PC-style power supply and three
DMA modes. The price of a basic 68000
system with 256K of memory is $649.95.
The cost with OS-9 68K goes up to
$999.95.

Options include a wire-wrap board
for $59.95, a SCSI board for $149, a
timer card with 6840 and Epson Seiko
clock and battery backup for $129, a
two-megabyte Dynamic memory card
using one megabyte chips for $99 and
a DMA board for $199.

A 68020 CPU card can be purchased
for $599. A 68030 will cost you $799.
The optional math coprocessor costs
$99. Other boards being considered
include an analog-to-digital and digital-
to-analog interface, a MIDI interface
for music, several graphics boards, an
IEEE488 bus adapter and a PC bus
adapter.

The FHL software side became the
exclusive distributor of all OS-9 ver-
sions of Sculptor on January 1. The
license was issued by Sculptor's Lon-
don, England-based developers follow-
ing several years that saw FHL sell more

copies of the fourth-generation data-
base program than any other distribu-
tor in the United States. Hogg said he
sold 60 copies of Sculptor for IBM
systems to people who own CoCo OS-
9 Sculptor.

In early January, Hogg was prepar-
ing to give away disks containing the
runtime package for Sculptor Version
1.14 and three or four useful programs.
He planned to include a menu that can
be used to drive any OS-9 based com-
puter.

Having a copy of the Sculptor run-
time package is similar to having a copy
of BASlC09's runtime package, RunB. If
you have RunB, you can run any
packed BASIC09 program. Many pro-
gram authors sell their programs in this
form. Likewise, if you have a copy of
the Sculptor runtime package, you can
run any Sculptor program written by a
third party. It looks like Frank has come
up with a tremendous idea. Well have
more details about how you can get a
disk or where you can download the
runtime package and utility programs
when they become available.

Hogg would like to hear your com-
ments about his bus. Write him at 770
James St., Syracuse NY 13205.

A Call for True DMA

Paul B. Pollock, PAULBELL on Del-
phi, is also looking for your ideas. We
had a long conversation with him at
RAINBOWfest Chicago last year and
the day after Christmas we received a
lengthy description of a new approach
to CoCo OS-9 disk access. If you're
interested in this subject or would like
to help convince a hardware designer to
tackle the project, please contact Paul
at 8330 Haskell Ave., Sepulveda, CA
91343. You can also contact him on
Delphi or on his own "Hound and Lion
BBS" at 818-895-1016.

Pollock's note offered a detailed
comparison of true direct memory
access and the track/ sector reading with
interrupt processing methods that is
used on the current crop of OS-9 disk
controllers. The newer controllers are a
definite step in the right direction, but
Pollock feels we need to do better. While
the current approach yields a 100 per-
cent improvement over the original
controllers, he believes that communi-
cations software, multi-drive access and
process descriptor service routines
handling inter-window communica-
tions all slow down the system and
reduce the improvement to a point far
below 100 percent.

Pollock is proposing a slave proces-
sor that operates with "dead clock"
access to the bus in a manner similar to
that used by the Color Computer 3's
GIME chip. He's calling for a "piggy-
back" card that will hold the 6809E and
bring out the BA and BS lines from the
system bus. He believes the "slave"
processor must be a true CPU and
suggests a Motorola MC68008. The
68008 could do "smart" file transfers,
disk formatting, disk backup and file
copying with no help from the host
Color Computer.

There are many software considera-
tions that must be addressed during the
design phase of a project like this. It was
an extremely interesting letter that
ended with Pollock's prediction that a
controller using this approach could be
built for about the same price of the
current crop of "no halt" controllers. In-
deed, I've wondered for a long time why
a third-party hardware designer doesn't
come up with a slave processor to
handle all the OS-9 graphics functions
while the main 6809E does the comput-
ing. With CoCo's 6809E and two or
three slave processors, OS-9 could
really soar!

OS9: SOFTWARE <D_P_Johnson

SDISK - Standard disk driver module replacement allows full use of
40 or 80 track double sided drives with OS-9 Level I. Full compatibili-
ty with CoCo 35 track format and access all other OS-9 non-CoCo
formats. Easy installation. $29.95

SDISK+BOOTFIX - As above plus boot directly from a double sid-
ed diskette.$35.95 LEVEL 1 OS-9 ONLY

LEVEL 2 OS-9 ONLY
SDISK3 - Level II version of SDISK driver. Same features as level I
(except bootfix not required to boot from double sided). $29.95

MSF - MS-DOS file manager. Complete file transfer capabiltites.
REQUIRES SD1SK3 $45.00 or with SDISK3 for $65.00

L1 UTILITY PAK 40 utilities including MACGEN $49.95

L2 UTILITY PAK Level 2 Ram Disk and Printerr driver plus 10
more $39.95 BOTH L1+L2 Paks for $75.00

PC-XFER File transfer utilities read/write/format MS-DOS format

>my_system »no_errors #51 2K &

disks under COCO OS-9, REQUIRES SDISK or SDISK3. $45.00
FORTH09 A FORTH-83 Standard implementation specially taylored
for OS-9. Includes complete forth 6809 assembler and more. Pro-
grams written in forth can instantly be saved as compact executable
machine language modules. Supplied with complete printed documen-
tation. $150.00 (+$3 S&H) .
SEND S.A.S.E FOR LATEST CATALOG

All diskettes are in CoCo OS-9 format unless otherwise requested; other OS-9 for-
mats can be supplied for $2.00 additional charge. All orders must be prepaid or
COD, VISA/MC accepted, add $2 S&H for first software item, + .50 for each addi-
tional item, additional charge for COD.

D. P. Johnson, 7655 S.W. Cedarcrest St.
Portland, OR 97223 (503) 244-8152

(You may best reach us between 9AM-NOON Pacific Time, Mon.-Fri.)
OS-9 is a trademark of Microware and Motorola Inc., MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft,
Inc., FORTH09 is a trademark of D. P. Johnson

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 149

Submitting

Material
To Rainbow

Contributions to the rainbow
are welcome from everyone. We
like to run a variety of programs
that are useful/helpful/fun for
other CoCo owners.

WHAT TO WRITE: We are inter-
ested in what you may wish to tell
our readers. We accept for consid-
eration anything that is well-
written and has a practical appli-
cation for the Tandy Color Com-
puter. If it interests you, it will
probably interest lots of others.
However, we vastly prefer articles
with accompanying programs
which can be entered and run. The
more unique the idea, the more the
appeal. We have a continuing need
for short articles with short list-
ings. These are especially appeal-
ing to our many beginners.

FORMAT: Program submis-
sions must be on tape or disk, and
it is best to make several saves, at
least one of them in ASCII format.
We're sorry, but we do not have
time to key in programs and debug
our typing errors. All programs
should be supported by some ed-
itorial commentary explaining
how the program works. We also
prefer that editorial copy be in-
cluded on the tape or disk using
any of the word processors cur-
rently available for the Color Com-
puter. Also, please include a
double-spaced printout of your
editorial material and program
listing. Do not send text in all
capital letters; use upper- and
lowercase.

COMPENSATION: We do pay
for submissions, based on a
number of criteria. Those wishing
remuneration should so state
when making submissions.

For the benefit of those who
wish more detailed information on
making submissions, please send
a self-addressed, stamped enve-
lope (SASE) to: Submission
Guidelines, the rainbow, The Fal-
soft Building, P.O. Box 385, Pros-
pect, KY 40059. We will send you
comprehensive guidelines.

Please do not submit material
currently submitted to another
publication.

150 THE RAINBOW April 1989

What do you think? If you would like
to pursue a project of this nature or en-
courage someone else, contact Pollock
via Delphi or U.S. mail.

OS-9 Virus Reported

OS-9 hackers are scratching their
heads and wondering how to prevent
the spread of a computer virus on OS-
9 systems after hearing that someone in
Oregon uploaded an infected copy of a
Dmode utility to a bulletin board there.
One safeguard against these viruses may
be the module checksum. Any change
to a module will almost certainly change
its checksum, even if its size is un-
changed.

The modified Dmode reportedly
claimed to add the ability to change a
disk's interleave without destroying any
data. A curious user downloaded it and
soon realized it contained a surprise.
Two days later, he learned a virus had
already infected his computer.

The reported virus allegedly attached
itself to the CC3Disl< module in memory
and replicated itself by adding CC3Disl<
to an 0S9Boot file on any drive. It
reportedly has a trigger that causes it to
wreck your system after you have made
60 disk accesses. It reportedly will also
attack your RAM and hard disk drives.

Mike Stute, GRIDBUG on Delphi,
who first reported the virus, said the
infected file was uploaded to a local
BBS by a John Alan Basgill. When he
and the BBS SysOp tried to call him
they reached a grocery store in Port-
land, Oregon.

Why Not PAK It?

I received a note via amateur packet
radio recently from a ham operator who
was working temporarily at the U. S.
Naval Academy in Annapolis, Mary-
land. He had downloaded an OS-9
program from UseNet but it had been
compressed in the PAK format, so I
offered to jump online and pull down
a copy of G. B. Janssen's OS-9 archive
utility. PAK is available on Compu-
Serve, Delphi and GEnie. You may
want to download it and take a look.

PAK does the same job as the AR
utility found in the OS-9 User Group
Library and the three major online
services. It may, however, offer a few
advantages. PAKs main advantage is
the fact that in many cases it compresses
binary as well as text data. This could
save you a lot of space if you are
transferring a lot of picture or sound
files. AR, on the other hand, com-
presses only text files.

PAK uses Huffman squeezing, run-

length character compression and
Lempel-Zev compression to do the job.
It was developed on a CoCo OS-9 Level
II system with the Tandy C compiler. It
runs on both Level I and Level II
systems.

Here's an example of PAfCs effec-
tiveness. A Color Max file available on
Delphi was 21,248 bytes long in its
original form. PAKs output from the
same file was only 10,575 bytes long —
a 50 percent savings in disk storage and
communications line charges.

Like AR, PAK is very handy for
distributing multiple binary, picture,
text, sound and source files since it can
group them into one file and eliminate
the need for multiple transfers. It also
solves the often-discussed problem of
needing special protocols to eliminate
characters added by Xmodem.

S/S Pak Can Talk With Level II

If you own a Tandy Speech/ Sound
Pak, you may want to fire it up under
OS-9 Level II on your Color Computer
3. When I first got my CoCo 3, I was
very disappointed that my Speech/
Sound Pak was no longer usable. But
today, thanks to Bruce Isted, Bill Boo-
gaart and Mario Dilallo, my CoCo 3
can now use the Speech/ Sound Pak.

Isted released a program to the public
domain a long time ago that lets you use
the Speech Pak with both OS-9 Level
I on the CoCo 1 and CoCo 2 or OS-9
Level II on the CoCo 3. He also helped
Boogaart and Dilallo come up with the
hardware mods. Since weVe never seen
this mod mentioned outside the na-
tional data libraries, we thought we
should pass along some of the informa-
tion here. If you would like complete
details, download the file SSPflK.flR
from the DL-10 library on Compu-
Serve's OS-9 SIG.

SSPflK.AR contains a text file that
gives you a step-by-step guide to modify
your Speech/ Sound Pak along with a
new S/S Pak driver and S/S Pak des-
criptor that works with either OS-9
Level I or Level II. The modifications
are needed because the Pak was de-
signed to work with the CoCo 1 and
CoCo 2 running OS-9 Level I, which
runs at a .89-megahertz clock rate. On
the other hand, OS-9 Level II on the
Color Computer 3 uses a 1.78-mega-
hertz clock. To make the Speech / Sound
Pak work with OS-9 Level II then, you
must modify it so it can handle a clock
rate of 1.78 megahertz.

You must also change a transistor
because the higher clock rate of the
CoCo 3 causes the input signal from the

bus E clock to drop to approximately
-2.5 volts. The original 2N2907 transis-
tor needs at least -5 volts to work
properly. Isted's mod substitutes a
2N3906 in its place.

There is one more hitch. Before you
can begin, you must determine which
model of Speech/ Sound Pak you own.
Two different models, the 26-3144 and
the 26-3 144 A, have been reported on
the market. The first appears to have a
Radio Shack label. The latter has a
Tandy label.

You'll find a 2N2907 serving as a
voltage inverter alongside an inductor
in an axial package in the 26-3144. If
you have the 26-3 144 A, you'll see a
different transistor near an inductor in
a small plastic box. In both models,
youll find the transistor and coil near
the post hole in the circuit board.

The 2N2907 in the 26-3 144 model Pak
has the same pinout as the replacement
2N3906, a PNP transistor. On the other
hand, you must reverse the Base and
Collector leads of the 2N3906 when you
replace the transistor in the 26-34 144 A
model Pak. The transistor in this pak
has a pinout of Emitter, Collector, Base
when viewed in the same manner as the
2N3906.

To fix the low-voltage problem you
must replace the 2N2907 in the model
26-3144 Pak or the anonymous transis-
tor in the model 26-3 144A Pak with a
2N3906. If you have the latter model,
don't forget to reverse the leads of the
Base and Collector.

The other half of the Speech/ Sound
Pak modification concerns itself with
the clock rate used by the speech syn-
thesizer. To change it you first cut the
trace connected to Pin 9 of the 74LS86
chip. After you cut this trace, ground
Pin 9 of the chip. Your Speech/ Sound
Pak will now work properly at 1.78
megahertz. If you want to be able to use
the Pak in your CoCo 1 at .89 mega-
hertz, you can install a single-pole,
double-throw switch to turn your mod-
ification on and off.

Speech synthesizers encourage me to
experiment and have fun. I hope youll
try these mods and enjoy the results.

CoCo OS-9 Joins Packet Radio and the
National Weather Service to Track
Oklahoma Tornados

For several years J. Frank Fields,
who has been very active in the OS-9
User Group, and fellow amateur radio
operators have worked with the Na-
tional Weather Service to track thun-
derstorms and tornadoes across Okla-
homa. Working with Dr. Kenneth

Crawford, Gary Skaggs and Larry
Mooney from the Oklahoma City
Weather Office at Will Rogers Airport,
Fields helped develop a packet radio
network that delivers late-breaking
weather information from Oklahoma
City to civil defense offices across the
state. Because of the low cost of the
Color Computer, many of the civil
defense offices are using it to receive
information from the amateur radio
packet network.

Now Fields is striving to push the
edge of CoCo OS-9 technology forward
again. His network is expanding and
will soon have several 223-megahertz
nodes transferring messages at 19,200
baud. He hopes to drive this network
with a protocol known as TCP/IP.
Operating on this network, which is
used by the defense department as well
as many government agencies and uni-
versities, is like owning an automatic
bulletin board.

With a standard bulletin board sys-
tem, like the Color Computer BBS
systems in local communities (or the
large national databases like Delphi,
CompuServe and GEnie), you must go
to the library and get the information
you want. With a TCP/IP network, the
information comes to you automati-
cally. For example, as long as I leave my
amateur radio station on the air, I will
automatically receive any mail sent to
my unique TCP/IP address. This mail
could have been routed via amateur
radio, been shot across the country via
a satellite or transferred through a
standard telephone modem. My station
doesn't care, it just automatically re-
cords the mail for me when it arrives.
It's a fascinating concept and Fields is
pushing hard to make the CoCo OS-9
community part of the action.

We introduced him to another ama-
teur radio operator in New Jersey who
is working hard to port Phil Karn's C
implementation of TCP/IP to CoCo
OS-9. We also put him back in touch
with George Dorner, OS-9 User Group
Treasurer, who belongs to a Chicago
group that is charging forward on the
same frontier. These guys are onto
something big.

By the way, Fields reports that the
National Severe Storms Laboratory
team in Oklahoma owns a chase van
that carries a lot of exotic electronic
equipment, including a device called
"Toto." They drive the van as close as
possible to the path of a developing
tornado. A radio in the van sends back
a signal generated by NEXRAD, a
Next-Generation Doppler Radar, to

any packet radio station within 50
miles. In the past, pay telephones were
then used to relay the latest radar data
to help guide the placement of Toto.
Now, thanks to Fields and other CoCo
and amateur radio buffs, it can be
relayed to anywhere, from anywhere, in
the state — even while the van is mov-
ing. Fascinating!

Window Writer Update

We talked to Tom Roginski at Owl-
Ware just before we hit the deadline for
this column and learned that Window
Writer, the Microsoft Word line word
processor for Color Computer OS-9, is
very close to shipping. Tom and his
technical assistant, Bruce Navarre, were
putting the final beta version through its
paces when we called (early January).
He hoped to be ready to advertise it in
this issue of RAINBOW. If he doesn't
make the advertising deadline, you're
sure to hear about it in the May issue.

Roginski reported that Window
Writer author Roger Dash, a student at
the University of Illinois, had taken our
earlier comments to heart and had
firmed up the editor's user interface to
bring it closer to the standards estab-
lished by programs like Microsoft
Word. He said Window Writer and the
IBM-like keyboard sold by Owl- Ware
now have a perfect marriage.

With this look back to the future we
must end this month's column. The
"find file" project is still cooking and we
hope to take a close personal look at
Window Writer in May.

Keep on hacking! /W\

Real Desktop Publishing with
THE WORKS. See page 19

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 151

RAINBOWTECH

Data Processing With

BASIC09

By Richard A. White

Contributing Editor

When OS-9 first appeared for
the CoCo, one question many
asked was, "Now that I have
it running, what do I do with it?" A
variant of that question can be asked
about any computer. In the early 1980's,
we had to write programs ourselves
using BASIC to get many things done.
The appearance of word processors,
spreadsheets and file programs simpli-
fied things considerably so that most
common tasks can be done with easily
obtained software.

However, some applications do not
lend themselves to easy solutions in
standard application software. For
these, special programs must still be
written. A spreadsheet provides a pro-
gramming language of sorts. Simpler
spreadsheets, like the one in Deskmate,
handle the most frequently used numer-
ical calculations and little more. Dyna-
Calc and VIP are considerably more
powerful but limited. Lotus 1-2-3 and
now its many competitors that run on
MS-DOS machines like the Tandy
1000s have very powerful macro capa-

Richard White lives in Fairfield, Ohio,
has a long background with microcom-
puters and specializes in BASIC pro-
gramming. With Don Dollberg, he is
the co-author of the TIMS database
management program.

bilities built in. These are really pro-
gramming languages that allow the user
to do most of what can be done in
conventional programming languages.

The most powerful database manager
programs, like dBASE, RBASE, Fox-
BASE and others on MS-DOS ma-
chines and Sculptor under OS-9, have
extensive built-in programming capa-
bilities. In fact, most new business data
applications written today are done, at
least in part, using a database manager.

The home user may not wish to invest
in a full-featured database manager
program since there are the options of
using Disk BASIC or BASIC09. Of the
two, BASIC09 is by far easier to work
with, faster and more powerful. I rou-
tinely use two applications that I wrote
using BASIC09. One keeps records of
rank, skill awards and merit badges for
a Scout Troop. This requires nearly 150
fields per record. That is beyond the
reasonable capabilities of all CoCo
database programs that I own, with the
exception of Sculptor. One or two other
OS-9 based database managers that I
am unfamiliar with may do the job.

The other program is a survey analy-
sis program, which I will discuss here
and in next month's column. I became
involved in writing survey analysis
programs five years ago when Professor
Sam Sherrill of the University of Cin-
cinnati asked my help with a project. He

had been retained to devise and admin-
ister a survey of about 50 questions to
less than 200 people. The survey was
somewhat complex, and Sherrill be-
lieved he could analyze the results of the
data using his CoCo. We programmed
the project using Disk BASIC and the
results were sufficient, producing better
results faster and with less manual
calculation than typically required. We
subsequently programmed a number of
other surveys with the CoCo and ported
the software to an IBM PC.

The surveys are not major by any
means. They benefit local social service
agencies that need information about
their services and clients, but who are
neither knowledgeable in survey meth-
od or microcomputers. Small surveys of
this nature are valuable to groups such
as churches, schools and computer user
groups. The survey application we will
discuss deals with model railroading.

For over twenty years, the Cincinnati
division of the National Model Rail-
road Association has sponsored an
annual public show in November. The
objective of these shows is to promote
the hobby and provide a major revenue
source for the sponsor. Attendance is
over 5000 and production costs are
approaching $10,000 per year. To pub-
licize the show effectively, there was a
need for a pool of information about the
people who attend.

152 THE RAINBOW April 1989

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A few years ago, the committee dis-
tributed surveys to attendees, resulting
in 3000 forms. To analyze the results
using a computer, we don't need to enter
data from every form. This is the whole
basis of the polling theory. Answers
applicable to an entire population can
be obtained from a small group as long
as those responding are representative
of the principal groups making up the
whole population.

My plan was to write a program to
input and analyze data from the forms.
Sherrill recommended using only 10
percent of the forms for sufficient data.
It is important to select them uniformly
throughout the bag — say every tenth
form.

Next we defined the data's structure.
Each survey response form constituted
a record, with each piece of data clas-
sified to a particular field in the record.
Because it is difficult to analyze essay-
type answers, we chose multiple choice
questions as follows:

1. Please tell us how your heard
about this year's show. Check as many
as apply.

city newspaper flyer at

flyer at hobby shop friends

suburban paper other

radio

television

2. Which best describes your interest
in model railroading?

active; inactive, but in-
terested

inactive no real interest.

When the survey forms are in and a
sample selected, it is time to put the
computer to work. A record is set up in
the program for each form. Individually
stored responses provide maximum
analysis flexibility.

Familiarity with BASIC09 or access to
reference material is helpful in discuss-
ing this program.

One principal difference between
conventional BASIC and BASIC09 is in
handling variables. While BASIC09 pro-
vides simple string and numeric variable
defaults, the user has powerful options
to tailor variables for memory conser-
vation, execution speed, disk file speed
and space conservation, and for pro-
gram readability and maintainance.
This is done by dimensioning variables
at the very beginning of the program

module.

The DIM statement tells BASIC09 the
type of variable and how much memory
to reserve for that variable. There are
five predefined variable types in

BASIC09; BYTE, INTEGER, REAL, STRING

and boolean. Byte, integer and real
variables handle numbers. A byte var-
iable stores a whole number between 0
and 255 in one byte of memory. An
integer variable uses two bytes to store
whole numbers in the range between
-32,768 and 32,767. A real variable uses
five bytes to store a floating point
number that can be in the range Jl.
1*10^+38. Like the numeric variable
used in Color BASIC, this type supports
decimal numbers. Our program only
uses byte and integer variables, which
are dimensioned as follows:

DIM court tl , coun t2 , court t3 , pa th : INT
EGER

DIM rou: INTEGER
DIM flagrBYTE

Note that long variable names work
and are encouraged for program read-
ability and later maintainance. If you
pack the procedure, variable names are
stripped out, saving memory. A number
of variable names can be strung to-
gether with comma separators to save
typing.

The string variable type stores char-
acters. Its length is fixed by the number
provided in its DIM statement, or at a
default 32 characters. The statement

DIM filename:STRING[lG] allocates 16

bytes for the name of the string that will
hold the name of the file in which the
program will store data. Here is where
BASIC09 follows the more conventional
compiled languages like FORTRAN,
Pascal and C; 16 bytes only are set aside
for the string. If you try to assign a
longer string to the variable, its excess
over 16 bytes is lost. Here are examples
of dimensioning string variables from
our program:

DIM answer:5TRING[l]
DIM filename:STRING[16]

No decimal numbers are used in the
program, but if there were, a dimension
statement would look like this:

DIM f loating:REAL

I seldom use the boolean type, but it is
dimensioned in a similar way to the
examples already shown.

Arrays allow you to group a number
of pieces of data under one variable
name and to access each data item by

its number in the array. As each survey
form is entered into the computer, it is
numbered. That number refers to the
member of the data array that contains
the raw data entered. The simplest
example from the survey program is the
ZIP code array shown here:

DIM zip(500) :STRING[5]

Since I will use the ZIP code data to
determine where show attendees live: in
town, out of town, which side of town
etc.. Only five digits are needed. ZIP
codes in my area are in the 4xxxx series,
41 xx* for Northern Kentucky, 43 xxx to
ASxxx for Southwestern Ohio and
47 xxx for Eastern Indiana. So I cannot
use the integer type. Since I only need
to sort and compare the ZIP code
values, a five-character string will work
well. The 500 in parentheses right after
the variable name zip tells BASIC09 to
reserve memory for 500 entries. BASIC09
then reserves a 2500 byte block (5 * 500)
of memory for the array. It finds which
five bytes it needs to deal with by a
simple calculation of byte count into the
2500-byte data block. Here is an exam-
ple of another string array:

DIM c(13):STRING[20].

Arrays can be of any variable type,
including complex, user-defined types.

Complex variables contribute much
to the power of BASOC09 in dealing with
data handling chores like compiling
survey data. The TYPE statement com-
municates to BASIC09 a user-defined
variable type that is a collection of
variables of possibly mixed basic types.
Here is a look at the type statement used
in the survey program:

TYPE dat = ar,cneus,sneijs, radio,
tv,hfly,efly,fr,oth,act,iai,la,
ni:BYTE

Following the TYPE keyword is the type
name data I assigned. The = is followed
by names of the variables in the state-
ment. The TYPE statement is fairly
simple, containing only byte-type vari-
ables. You can mix all basic variable
types in a TYPE statement. At this point,
BASIC09 treats the type statement as
information only. We still need to di-
mension a variable using the new var-
iable type. Here's an example:

DIM rec(500) :dat

Here a variable array named rec has
been dimensioned using our new type

154 THE RAINBOW April 1989

dat. Each member of the rec array
contains all the variables defined in the
type statement for dat. Since there are
12 byte-type variables, the DIM state-
ment will allocate 6000 (500 * 12) bytes
for the array. This stores data as eco-
nomically as possible without tweaking
individual bits. Bit manipulations are
possible but are considerably more
complex.

That constitutes all the variables used
in the program. They are all dimen-
sioned up front so BASIC09 can assign
needed memory immediately and so we
can easily find the DIM and type state-
ments if we need to change something.

Next, it is good practice to initialize
variables. Most basics automatically
initialize variables when they are dimen-
sioned or first used. BASIC09 does not.
All it does is allocate memory space.
What is in the variable is what was in
those bytes beforehand. This can be of
harm in a number of ways not always
apparent from an error message.

It will contain some number, depend-
ing what the bytes in its assigned mem-
ory area were used for before you ran
the program. This may not cause an
error, but your results will be wrong. A
string variable will contain garbage that
also may or may not cause an error.
Here is the initialization section of our
survey program:

(* Initialization *)

c(l)="CITY NEWSPAPER"

c(2) = "SUBURBRN NEWSPRPER"

c(3)="RRDICT

c(4) = "TELE\/ISI0N"

c(5)="H0BBY SHDP FLYER"

c(6) = "FLYER ELSEWHERE"

c(7)="FRIENDS"

c(8)="DTHER"

c(9)=" "

c(10)="RCTIVE"

c(ll)="INRCTIVE, INTERESTED"

c(12)="INRCTIVE"

c(13) = "N0 INTEREST"

rec( 1 ) .ar=0

rec( 1) -cn9us=0

rec(l) ,sneus = 0

rec(l) . radio = 0

rec (1 ) - tv=0

rec(l) .hf ly=0

rec(l) .ef ly=0

rec(l) ,fr=0

rec(l) -oth=0

rec(l) . act = 0

rec(l) • iai=0

rec(l) . ia=0

rec(l) .ni=0

zip(l)=""

This is a good example of how to

access individual members of an array
(eg. c(5) =). Note how the variables in
our user-defined type dat are accessed
(- rec( ) -cnews). The period connects
the subvariable cneus to the dimen-
sioned variable name rec, Note also
that I initialized only the first member
of the rec array. We will use that initial-
ized member to initialize the other array
members if we need to start a new file.
If an existing file is used, that file will
have been initialized when it was first
created; loading it into the computer
will fully initialize the array in memory.

If no data file exists, BASIC09 will not
create one when you try to open the file
as many basics will. Rather, you must
use the CRERTE statement to start the
file. I generally have the program ask if
a new file is to be started, though the
ON ERROR GOTO command can be made
to do it automatically in a round-about
way. If I were writing a program for
others, I would probably automate the
operation in some cases. But I don't like
to deal with the complexity when writ-
ing for my own use. In any case, follow-
ing is the code to determine if a new file
is to be made or an existing one loaded.
I will present it piece by piece with
comments on code pieces along the way.

(* Existing File or Initialize *)

PRINT CHR$(12)

RUN printat(10,10)

PRINT "I Initialize Rrray"

PRINT TAB (11) ; "L Load Rrray"
RUN printat(10,14)

BASIC09 does not contain a CLS com-
mand to clear the screen, but PRINT
CHR$(12) does the same thing.

Printat is a separate small program to
position the cursor on the screen. It is
called by name using the RUN command.
It needs two parameters: the column
and the row where the cursor is to be
placed. These are included in that order
within the parentheses. These could be
variable names rather than numbers.
Here is the module in its entirety:

PROCEDURE printat

0000 PRRRM col , row: INTEGER

000B PRINT CHR$(2); CHR$(col32);

CHR$(rou32);
0021 END

In the Printat procedure, the PRRRM

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April 1 989 THE RAINBOW 1 55

keyword is used instead of DIM to indi-
cate that values for the variables col
and row will be sent when the procedure
is called. In our example these were just
numbers. If they had been in variables
in the calling program, Printat would
have been given addresses in the data
space where those variable values were
being stored. No new variable storage
space would be involved in this case.

If I wanted to put some functions that
work on values in our rec array in a
separate procedure called special -
-jwork, I could let that procedure access
the whole array with the simple call RUN

special— work (rec). The complete

TYPE statement would need to be dupli-
cated in the called procedure, but in-
stead of dim rec(500) :dat, the state-
ment PARAM rec ( 500 ): da t would be

used.

The question of whether the user
wants to start a new file (Initialize
array) or load an existing file was asked.
Here is how the answer (an I or L
keyboard response) is handled:

WHILE answer"!" AND answer"L" DO

GET 80, answer

RUN isupper (answer )

ENDWHILE

First we only want to move on if an
I or an L is keyed. The WHILE. . .
DO. . .ENDWHILE makes this test and
loops back if it is not met. You will like

GET 80, answer. Note above that answer

is dimensioned as a one-character-
long string. GET 80, answer then goes to
Path 0 to get one character and waits
until that condition is met or until a
carriage return is found. Path 0 is the
keyboard so the GET statement waits
until the user presses one key and then
lets the program process the key. In this
case GET is much nicer than Inkey,
which lets the program go on whether
there is a keystroke or not and where
one must write a loop to keep looking
at the keyboard.

If you have the keyboard in lower-
case mode, you are not likely to re-
member that the program is looking for
an uppercase response. The procedure
isupper takes care of this by promoting
all lowercase letters to uppercase. It also
is relatively short, but long enough that
one would not want to include it repeat-
edly in a program. I load it into BASIC09
whenever I am writing a program that
will need it and call it as a separate
named procedure. When you have a

number of separate procedures in
BASIC09 as you write a program, re-
member to save them all out into one
file together with SAVE* your filename.
Then when you reload the file all the
procedures will load in together. Note
also that isupper is set up to handle
longer strings (40 characters as shown),
but that it works for single characters
as well.

PROCEDURE isupper

0000 DIM count, line__length: INTEGER

000B PflRflM ansuer:STRING[40]

0017 DIM ascii: INTEGER

001E DIM char:5TRING[l]

002A DIM work_string:STRING[40]

003G

0037 count:=l

003E line_length:=LEN(answer)

0047 work_string=""

004E

004F WHILE count<line_length+l DO
005F asci i : =ASC ( MID$ ( answer ,
count, 1 ) )

006E IF asciiOG THEN

007R char=CHR$(ascii)

00B3 work str ing=work_string+char

008F count:=cqunt+l

009A ELSE

009E char=CHR$(ascii-32)

00AA work string=work_string+char

008G count: = count+l

00C1 ENDIF

00C3 ENDWHILE

00C7

00CB answer=work_s tring
00D0 END

If we need to make a new file, the
following if statement is true and its
contained code is executed.

IF answer="I" THEN
FDR countl=2 TO 500
rec ( coun tl ) = rec ( 1 )
zip(countl)=""
NEXT countl
countl=0

RUN printat(10,14)
PRINT "FILENAME: ";
INPUT fname

CREATE ttpath, fname:UIRITE

PUT ttpath, rec

PUT ttpath, zip

CLOSE ttpath

ENDIF

Remember that we initialized all
variables in member rec(l) so all we
need to do is assign rec(l) to all the
other members of the array. We also
initialized zip (1) to a null, — , but it
is easier and more readable to repeat the
null than reference zip(i). The state-

ment countl=0 resets countl so I don't
get a surprise later. The remaining code
gets the new filename, creates the file,
stores the arrays and closes the files. We
will need the file again in the program,
but I always assume a file is closed; then
I open it, use it and close it to prevent
surprises.

The PUT ttpath, rec and PUT

ttpath, zip statements store both entire
arrays, read individual variables or
records to a file and then read them
back in individually. This is also much
faster since the computer needs to only
dump 6000-byte and 2500-byte blocks
of memory directly to the file. No time
is wasted finding individual values.
Recovery of the arrays is just as simple
and fast. Here is the code block to load
the arrays back into the program:

IF ansuer="L" THEN
RUN printat(10,14)
PRINT "Filename:
INPUT fname
OPEN ttpath, fname:READ
GET ttpath, rec
GET ttpath, zip
CLOSE ttpath

About the only thing different here
from the code to save the arrays is the
use of GET rather than PUT. We used GET
before to get a character from the
keyboard. Here we use it to get a whole
array from a disk file. OS-9 was de-
signed to be device-independent, and
Here we see one of the payoffs.

countl=0
REPEAT

countl=countl+l
PRINT countl; " "\
UNTIL rec(countl ) -ar=0
countl=countl-l
ENDIF

Since we need numbers to access
array members, we need to have a count
of how many have been used. One way
is to save the count used into a variable
in the file. That also saves memory and
disk space. In the input section, I put the
array member number into the variable
rec( ) .ar, so it is easy to hunt through
this variable in the array members until
I find a zero. Countl then is the member
number of the first empty member.
Since the input loop increments countl
at its beginning, we need to subtract one
so it represents the last used member at
that point.

Next month we'll take up the data
entry section and get into the data
analysis. ^

1 56 THE RAINBOW April 1989

Color Computer I, II, III
Free Software for Drive 0 Systems

CoCo Checker.. .Test roms, rams, disk drives and & controller printer, keyboard cassette & more.
Tape/Disk Utility...Transfers disk to tape and tape to disk.

159

Drive 0

179

Drive 0

269

Drive 0 & 1

• Full Ht Drive

• Single Case

• Heavy Duty Power Supply

• 2 Drive Cable

• Gold plated contacts

• Controller & manuals

• Double Sided Slim Line Drive

• Case holds 2 slim line drives

• Heavy Duty Power Supply

• 2 Drive Cable

• Gold plated contacts

• Controller & Manuals

• 2 Double Sided Slim Line Drive

• Case holds 2 slim line drives

• Heavy Duty Power Supply

• 2 Drive Cable

• Gold plated contacts

• Controller & Manuals

Other Drive Specials

119

2nd Drive

for new Radio Shack
includes:

•Slim Line DS/DD Drive

• Cabling & Instructions

• Mounting Hardware

Full Ht Drive 89 95

Full Ht Drive Ps/Case 1 29 95

Slim Line Drive 99 95

Slim Line Drive Ps/Case... 139 95

2 Slim Drives Ps/Case 239 95

Disk Controller 59

i s

Single Ps & Case 44 95

Dual Vzht Ps & Case

Dual Full Ht. Ps & Case
Disk Controller

54 95
79 95

59 95

10 Diskettes

with free library uasei

Quality Add-On's for Tandy 1000, SX, TX, SL, TL, 3000, 4000

HARD CARDS

1 0 meg 259.95 40 meg 399.95

20 meg 299.95 49 meg 499.95

30 meg 349.95 64 meg 599.95

HARD DRIVE KITS

1 0 meg kit 249.95

20 meg kit 299.95

30 meg kit 339.95

40 meg kit 399.95

60 meg kit 539.95

1000, 1000A,

Memory Cards

Zucker Memory

• DMA & 512K CALL

Zucker Multifunction

Serial

Real Time Clock
51 2K DMA
Software

CALL

TANDY 1000

1000, SX, TX, 3000, 4000

2nd Floppy

360K TEAC $119.95

720K Mitsubishi $99.95

31/2" Mitsubishi $119.95

1000, 1000A, SX, TX, SL, TL

Hard Drive
Controller

Will run 1 or 2
Hard Drives
Supports drives up to 120 megabytes

$99.95

QUALITY
CUSTOMER SERVICE
508-278-6655

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
508-278-6556

TOLL FREE ORDER LINE

1-800-635-0300

TRUE DATA PRODUCTS

115 MAIN ST., P.O. BOX 347
UXBRIDGE, MA 01569
508-278-6555

HOURS: MON-FRI. 9-6, SAT. 10-4 (EST)

CORPORATE P.O.'S WELCOMED

ALL PACKAGES SHIPPED UPS
EXCEPT CANADA AND A.P.O.'s
C.O.D.'S ADD $2.30
MASTER CHARGE/VISA ADD 3%
1 YEAR WARRANTY UNLESS
OTHERWISE NOTED
PRICES TERMS CONDITIONS
SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT
NOTICE

Racksellers

The retail stores listed below carry THE RAINBOW on a regular basis and
may have other products of interest to Tandy Color Computer users. We
suggest you patronize those in your area.

ALABAMA

Birmingham

Brewton

Florence

Greenville

Madison

Montgomery

Tuscaloosa

ALASKA

Fairbanks

ARIZONA

Cottonwood
Lake Havasu

City
Phoenix
Tempe

Tucson

ARKANSAS

Fayettevllle
Ft. Smith
Little Rock

CALIFORNIA

Berkeley
Citrus Heights
Hollywood

La Jofla

Los Angeles

Marysville

Napa

Oakland

Rancho

Murleta
Sacramento

San Francisco

Santa Monica
San Jose
Santa Rosa
Stockton

Sunnyvale
Torrance

COLORADO

Aurora
Colorado

Springs
Denver
Glenwood

Springs
Grand

Junction
Longmont

DELAWARE

Mfddletown
Newark
Wilmington

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Washington.
DC Chronlchles
News Room
World News, Inc.

Jefferson News Co.
McDowell Electronics
Anderson News Co.
M & B Electronics
Madison Books
Trade 'N' Books
Injun John's, Inc.

Arrow Appliance/Radio Shack

A & W Graphics Co.

Book Nook
TRI-TEK Computers
Books, Etc.
Computer Library
Anderson News Co.

Vaughn Electronics/Radio Shack
Hot Off the Press Newsstand
Anderson News Co.

Lyon Enterprises
Software Plus
Levity Distributors
Stef-Jen, Inc.

Butler & Mayes Booksellers
Circus of Books (2 Locations)
Bookland

Bookends Bookstore
DeLauefs News Agency

Software Plus
Delberf s Readerama
Tower Magazine
Booksmlth
Bookworks
Castro Kiosk

Midnight Special Bookstore
Computer Literacy Bookshops
Sawyer's News. Inc.
Harding Way News
Paperbacks Unlimited
Computer Literacy
El Camino College Bookstore

Aurora Newsstand

Hathaway's
News Gallery

The Book Train

Read more Book & Magazine
City Newsstand

DelmarCo.
Newark Newsstand
Normar. Inc.— The Smoke Shop

FLORIDA

Boca Raton

Clearwater

Cocoa

Dania

Davie

Ft. Lauderdale

Gainesville
Jacksonville
North Miami

Beach
Panama City
Pensocola
Pinellas Park
South

Pasadena
Starke

Sunrise
Tallahassee

Tltusville

Great American Book Co.
The Avid Reader
The Open Door
Dania News & Books
Software Plus More
Bob's News & Book-Store
Clarks Out of Town News
Mike's Electronics Distributor
Paper Chase
Book Co.

Almar Bookstore
Boyd-Ebert Corp.
Anderson News Co.
Wolfs Newsstand

Poling Place Bookstore
Record Junction, Inc.
Radio Shack Dealer
Sunn/s at Sunset
Anderson News Co.
DuBe/s News Center
Computrac

GEORGIA

ATianta

Boraers

Bremen

Bremen tieciTonics/Kaaio onacK

roresT rarx

titers iNews v^enier

J© sup

i<aaio onucK

inomasviiie

omoKenous6 iNewssTuno

Toccoa

Manin music i<aaiu onacx

IDAHO

Boise

Book Shelf, Inc.

Moscow

Johnson News Agency

ILLINOIS

Belleville

oOTiware or oysTems

ChamDalan

Bookmark

Chicago

B. Dal ton Booksellers

Decatur

Book Emporium

K-Mart Plaza

Northgate Mall

East Mollne

Book Emporium

Evanston

Norrls Center Bookstore

Kewanee

Book Emporium

Lisle

Book Nook

Lombard

Empire Periodicals

Newton

Bill's TV Radio Shack

Paris

Book Emporium

Peoria

Book Emporium

Sheridan village

Westlake Shopping Center

Illinois News Service

Springfield

Book Emporium

Sangamon Center North

Town & Country Shopping Ctr.

Sunnyiand

Book Emporium

West Frankfort

Paper Place

Wheeling

North Shore Distributors

INDIANA

Angola

D & D Electronics

Radio Shack

Beme

White Cottage Electronics

Bloomlngton

Book Comer

Columbus

Micro Computer Systems, Inc.

Crawfordsvllle

Koch's Books

MASSACHUSETTS (cont'd)

Dyer
Franklin
Ft. Wayne
Garrett
Indianapolis

Lebanon
Martinsville
Richmond
Wabash

IOWA

Davenport
Des Moines
Fairfield

KANSAS

Hutchinson
Topeka

Wellington
Wichita

KENTUCKY

Hazard

Henderson

Hopkinsville

Louisville

Mlddletown

Newport

Paducah

LOUISIANA

Baton Rouge
Lockport
New Orleans
Monroe

MAINE

Bangor

Brockton

Caribou

Oxford

Sanford

MARYLAND

College Park

MASSACHUSETTS

Boston

Brockton

Cambridge

Miles Books
Gallery Book Shop
Mlchlana News Service
Finn News Agency. Inc.
Bookland, Inc.
Borders Bookshop
Indiana News
Southside News
Gallery Book Shop
Radio Shack
Voyles News Agency, Inc.
Mlttlng's Electronics

Interstate Book Store
mockery's Books, Inc.
Kramers Books & Gifts

Crossroads, Inc.
Palmer News, inc.
Town Crier of Topeka, Inc.
Da nays/ Radio Shack Dealer
Lloyd's Radio

Daniel Boone Gulf Mart
Matfs News & Gifts
Hobby Shop

Hawley-Cooke Booksellers (2 Locations)
Software City
Simon's Castle News
Radio Shack

City News Stand
TV Doctor/Radio Shack
Sidney's News Stand Uptown
The Book Rack

Magazines, Inc,
Voyager Bookstore
Radio Shack
Books- N-Things
Radio Shack

Ipswich
Littleton
Lynn
Swansea

MICHIGAN

Allen Park

Birmingham

Durand

E. Detroit

Hillsdale

Holland

Kalamazoo

Lowell

Muskegon

Nile*

Perry

Riverview

Roseville

MINNESOTA

Bumsville

Crystal

Edina

Minneapolis
Mlnnetonka
Roseville
St. Paul

Wllimar

MISSOURI

Farmlngton
Rat River
Florissant
Jefferson City
Klrksvllle
St. Louis

MONTANA

Butte

NEBRASKA

Lincoln
Omaha

NEVADA

Carson City
Las Vegas

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Keene
Manchester
West Lebanon

NEW JERSEY

Atlantic City
Cedar Knolls
Clinton
Pennsvllle
Rockaway

NEW MEXICO

Alamogordo
Albuquerque
Santa Fe

NEW YORK

Amherst
Brockport
Brooklyn
Elmlra Heights
Fredonla
Hudson Falls
Huntington
Johnson City
New York

University Bookstore

Eastern Newsstand
Voyager Bookstore
Out Of Town News

Pawling
Rochester

Ipswich News
Computer Plus
North Shore News Co.
Newsbreak. inc.

Book Nook, Inc.

Border's Book Shop

Robblns Electronics

Merit Book Center

Electronics Express/Radio Shack

Fris News Company

The Book Raft

Lowell Electronics

The Eight Bit Corner

Mlchlana News Service

Perry Computers

Riverview Book Store

New Horizons Book Shop

Shlnder's Bumsville
Shinder's Crystal Gallery
Shlnder's Leisure Lane
Shinder's (2 Locations)
Shlnder's Ridge Square
Shlnder's Roseville
Shlnder's Annex
Shlnder's Maplewcod
Shinder's St. Pauls
The Photo Shop

Ray's TV & Radio Shack
Ray's TV & Radio Shack
Book Brokers Unlimited
Cowley Distributing
T&R Electronics
Book Emporium

Raza Books

Nebraska Bookstore
Nelson News

Book cellar

Hurley Electronics

Steve's Books & Magazines

Radio Shack Associate Store

Bookwrights

Verham News Corp.

Atlantic City News Agency
Village Computer & Software
Micro World II
Dave's Elect. Radio Shack
Software Station

New Horizons Computer Systems
Page One Newsstand
Downtown Subscription

village Green-Buffalo Books

Uft Bridge Book Shop, inc.

Cromiand, Inc.

Southern Tier News Co., Inc.

On Line: Computer Access Center

G A West & Co.

Oscar's Bookshop

Unicom Electronics

Barnes & Noble— Sales Annex

Coliseum Books

Eastern Newsstand

Grand Central Station, Track 37

200 Park Ave., (Pan Am #1 )

55 Water Street

World Trade Center #2
First Stop News
Idle Hours Bookstore
International Smoke Shop
Jonli Smoke
Penn Book
Software City
State News
Walden Books
Worid Wide Media Services
Universal Computer Service
Microcom Software
Village Green

1 58 THE RAINBOW April 1 989

NEW YORK (cont'd)
World Wide News
NORTH CAROLINA

Caiy

Chapel Hill

Charlotte

Hickory

Jacksonville

Kemersville

Lexington

Marion

Winston-Salem

OHIO

Akron

Canton

Chardon

Cincinnati

Cleveland

Columbiana

Columbus

Dayton

Dublin
Falrborn

Hndley
Kent

Lakewood
Lima

Mlamlsburg

Parma

Toledo

Warren

Xenia

Youngstown

OKLAHOMA

Oklahoma

City
Taklequah
Tulsa

OREGON

Eugene
Portland

Salem

PENNSYLVANIA

Allentown
AJtoona
Bryn Mawr
Cony

Feastervllle
King of Prussia
Malvern
Reading
Temple
West Chester
Wind Gap
York

RHODE ISLAND

Newport

SOUTH CAROLINA

Charleston Hts.
Clemson
Florence
Greenville
Spartanburg

TENNESSEE

Brentwood
Chattanooga

Dickson
Knoxville

Memphis
Nashville

Smyrna

TEXAS

Big Spring
Desoto
Elgin
Ft. Worth
Hartlngton

News Center In Cory Village
University News & Sundry
Newsstand intl
C 2 Books & Comics
Mlchele's, Inc.
K&S Newsstand
Martin's News Stand
Boomers Rhythm Center
K&S Newsstand (3 Locations)
Rainbow News Ltd.

Churchill News & Tobacco
Little Professor Book Center

Thrasher Radio & TV

Clnsoft

Erieview News

Fidelity Sound & Electronics

B5 Software

Micro Center

The Newsstand

Books & Co.

Huber Heights Book & Card

WllkeNews

Wright News & Books

Book Bam

News-Readers

Sandbox Microsystems

Wllke's University Shoppe

Open Book

The News Shop

Lakewood international News

Edu-Caterefs

Wltke News

Bookmark Newscenter

Leo's Book & Wine Shop

Book Nook, Inc.

Fine Print Books

Plaza Book & Smoke Shop

Merit Micro Software

Thomas Sales, Inc. dba Radio Shack

Steve's Book Store

Libra Books M Book Mark
Fifth Avenue News
Rich Cigar Store, Inc.
Sixth & Washington News
Capitol News Center
Checkmate Book

Owi Services

Newborn Enterprises

Bryn Mawr News

Corry Books & Cards

Global Books

Gene's Books

Personal Software

Smith's News & Cord Center ; %

Software Comer

Chester County Book Co.

Micro World

The Computer Center of York
Tollgate Bookstore

Bellevue News

Software Haus, inc.
Clemson Newsstand
Ray's #1

Palmetto News Co.
Software City

Bookworid #5
Anderson News Co.
Guild Books & Periodicals
Highland Electronics
Anderson News Co.
Davls-KIdd Bookseller
Computer Center
Davls-KIdd Booksellers
Mosko's Place
RM Mills Bookstore
Delker Electronics

UTAH

Provo

VIRGINIA

Danville
Hampton
Lynchburg
Norfolk

Richmond

WASHINGTON

Port Angeles
Seattle

Tacoma

WEST VIRGINIA

Huntington
Logan
Madison
Parkersburg
South
Charleston

WISCONSIN

Appleton
Cudahy
Kenosha
Madison

Milwaukee
Waukesha

ARGENTINA

Cordoba

AUSTRALIA

Blaxland
Klngsford

CANADA:
ALBERTA

Banff

Bonnyvllle

Brooks

Calgary

Claresholm

Drayton Valley

Edmonton

Edson

Fdlrvlew

Fox Creek

Ft. Saskatche-
wan
Grande

Cache
Grande

Centre
Hlnton
Innlsfail
Lecombe
leduc
Lethbrldge
Uoydmlnster
Okotoks
Peace River

St. Paul

Stettler

Strathmore

Taber

Westlock

Wetasklwin

BRITISH COLUMBIA (cont'd)

Valley Book Center

K&S Newsstand
Benders

Self Serve Software
l-O Computers
Turn The Page
Volume I Bookstore

Port Book & News
Adams News Co., Inc.
Bulldog News
B & I Magazines & Books
Nybbles 'N Bytes

Nick's News

Stan's Electronics & Radio Shack
Communications, LTD
Valley News Service

Spring Hill News

Badger Periodicals
Cudahy News & Hobby
R.K. News, Inc.
Pic A Book
University Bookstore
Juneau Village Reader
Holt Variety

Irtformqtlon Telecommunlcatlones

Blaxland Computers
Parts Radio Electronics

Banff Radio Shack
Paul Tercler

Double "D" A.S.C Radio Shack
Billy's News

Radio Shack Associated Stores
Langard Electronics
CMD Micro
Radio Shack, asd
D.N.R. Furniture & TV
Fox City Color & Sound
A.S.C. Radio Shack

Ft. Mall Radio Shack, ASC

The Stereo Hut

The Book Nook

Jim Cooper

L & S Stereo

Brian's Electronics

Radio Shack Associated Stores

Datatron

Uoyd Radio Shack
Okotoks Radio Shack
Radio Shack Associated Stores
Tavener Software
Walter's Electronics
Stettler Radio Shack
Wheatland Electronics
Pynewood Sight & Sound
Westlock Stereo
Radio Shack

BRITISH COLUMBIA

Bumaby Compullt
Bums Lake VT. video Works
Campbell
River TRS Electronics

Chilliwack
Coquftlam
Coortenay
Dawson Creek
Golden
Kelowna
Langley
Nelson
New West-
minster
Parksvllle
Penficton

Sidney
Smlrhers
Squamlsh
Vancouver

100 Mile
House :

MANITOBA

Altona

Lundar

Morden

The Pas

Selkirk

VIrden

Winnipeg

NEW BRUNSWICK

Moncton
Sussex

Charles Parker
Cody Books LTD
Rick's Music & Stereo
Bell Radio & TV
Taks Home Furnishings
Telesoft Marketing
Langley Radio Shack
Oliver's Books

Cody Books LTD
Parksvllle TV
DJ.'s

Four Comer Grocery
Sidney Electronics
Wall's Home Furniture
Kotyk Electronics
Active Components
Ftiendlyware Computers
Granville Book Co,
Siliconnections Books LTD

Tip Top Radio & TV

LAWIebrLtd.
Goranson Eiec.
Central Sound
Jodi's Sight & Sound
G.L Enns Elec.
Archer Enterprises
J & J Electronics Ltd.

Jeffries Enterprises
Dewfrt Elec.

NEWFOUNDLAND

Bofwood Seaport Elec.

Carbonear Slade Realties

NOVA SCOTIA

Halifax

ONTARIO

Angus :

Aurora

Concord

Exceter

Hanover

Huntsvllle

Kenoro

Kingston

Ustowei

South River

Toronto

QUEBEC

LaSalle
Pont. Rouge

SASKATCHEWAN

Asslniboia
Estevan
Moose Jaw
Nipiwan
Regina

Saskatoon
Shellbrooke
Tlsdate
Unity

YUKON

Whftehorse

JAPAN

Tokyo

PUERTO RICO

East Isla Verde
San Juan

Atlantic News

Micro Computer Services

Compu Vision

Ingram Software

J. Macleane & Sons

Modem Appliance Centre

Huntsvllle Elec.

Donny M B"

T.M. Computers

Modem Appliance Centre

Max TV

Dennis TV

Gordon and Gotch

Messagerles de Presse Benjamin Enr.
Boutique Bruno Laroche

Telstar News
Kotyk Electronics
D&S Computer Place
Cornerstone Sound
Regina CoCo Club
Software Supermarket
Everybody's Software Library
Gee Laberge Radio Shack
Paul's Service
Granf s House of Sound

H & O Holdings

America Ado, Inc.

The Color Computer Store
Software City

Poncho's News
Maxwell Books
The Homing Pigeon
Trinity News
Book Mark

Also available at all B. Dalton Booksellers, and
selected Coles and W.H. Smith in Canada,
Waldenbooks, Pickwick Books, Encore Books,
Barnes & Noble, Little Professors, Tower Book &
Records, Kroch J s & Brentano's, and Community
Newscenters.

April 1989 THE RAINBOW 1 59

Advertisers Index

We encourage you to patronize our advertisers — all of whom support the Tandy Color
Computer* We will appreciate your mentioning the rainbow when you contact these firms.

Alpha Software Technologies 107
Arizona Small Computer ; ; 3

Company , . .. * 1 1 5

Burke & Burke . . . - -|S

Cer-Comp. + +<. . . . . » .62, 63

^yinSOft ••■-». r + . 4 i 1 1 .j. i'i. #- 1 ■ *" ;■ -f ? » ♦ 46

C0C0 Connection. < * ... 105

COQntteC . » . |. r » r + + + «•••• ■ ♦ • • V:» 29

Colorware . . ... . . . . . 1 9, 20, 21 , 23,

35,41,78, 105, 121, 137, 151

Computer Island 141

Computer Plus + . . . . . .3

D.P. Johnson * . ■ , + + H 1 49

Dayton Associates of

W. R. Hall, Inc. . .129

Dr. Preble's Programs . . . . .... . .93

Dynamic Storage Products ... . .61

Federal Hill Software . . . . . . . . ... .67

Frank Hogg Laboratories . . . .56, 57

Fraser Instrument . . . .... . . . .... .115

Game Point Software ...... . . . . .33

Gimmesoft . . . . .... H < 30, 31

Granite Computer Systems . . . ,117
G regory Software . . . . ... . . . , .78

HawkSoft, Inc. . . ... ..... ... ... .1 31

Howard Medical . . .162, IBC

JR & JR Softstuff . . . . ..121

JWT Enterprises .>.... ..... ♦ . .120

Kenneth Leigh Enterprises. . ♦ .....91

Ken-Ton Electronics ......... .141

Magus Systems Engineering -53
Metric I ndustries . , . . . . .,. .1 2

MichTron , , , . , ... ,>..;.*.... . .BG

Micro Works, The ............. .95

Microcom Software . ► , . . .9, 11,13,

15 r 1$,;17*
Microtech Consultants

NRI Schools * ,99

Owl-Ware ....... .69, 70

PXE Computing r . ., ;>-.,. 7

Perry ..... + 155

ff- x". '-'-" r : ; --.-.. J ,"- : i "■ . -'^T s ?\y-,~J-'&f /si j^i^i"^.

1 60 THE RAINBOW ApriJ 1 9Q9

Puritas Springs Software/

SoftWAR Technologies . . . ... .91

Rainbow Book of

Adventures IV + , .. . . . ,100
Rainbow Binder , , . , ... < , m . . & m .42
Rainbow Bookshelf ....... ... . .66

Rainbowfest . . . . ,109, 110, 111

RGB Computer Systems.*;. . . . .133
Rainbow on Tape & Disk .......... J FC

Rulaford Research ., f r 43

SD Enterprises . , ► . . . .25, 49

STG Computers, Inc. + + a . . :S :; , , . . .23

Second City Software 161

Simply Better Software . ; .61

Call:

Belinda Kirby
Advertising Representative
(502) 228-4497

SpectroSystems . . . * , ,
SPORTSWARE. r . . .171

Sugar Software , . ., .73

Sundog Systems . .*^.153

T & D Software . ...... .122, 123, 47

T.E.M. of California . . , ,139

Tandy/Radio Shack . > ,125

T*e pco . ........ ....«,. > > 4. .«. »;.•: . . • . .89

Tothian Software . . . , >■ , > . 1 39
True Data Products . . ^. S . .157
Try-O-Byte . . , , : > \, . ... . .117

Vidicom Corporation . . . . . , H < , < 1 33

Zebra Systems . . ..... . , , < , .* < + .65

Call:

Kim Vincent

Advertising Representative
(502) 228-4492

The Falsoft Building
9509 U.S. Highway 42
P.O. Box 385
Prospect, KY 40059

FAX (502) 228-5121

[Second City Soitwar

MasterCard VISA C.O.D. CHECKS

CoCo CALENDER DELUXE:

ORDER

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Roselle, IL 60172
Voice: 312-653-5610
BBS: 312-307-1519

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Gives Basic a full-screen editor to supplement the Iwith 10 definable symbols. Even supports Logic! A-DOS 3 :

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mands. No more long and complex pathnames! VIP LIBRARY:

Finally, a program that interacts with MultiVue for ■orsynlaxes to remember! Works with either OS-

FAST and EASY check balancing. CHECK-09MV
and you can now take control of your bank checking
account. No more waiting on your bank statement
for an ending balance. CHECK-09MV will provide
a check-by-check balance in an easy to use format
that eliminates those monthly surprizes! Bring your
money and you closer together and have the buck
STOP HERE! Featuring an all new EDITING
command. 512k DISKL $25.95

[TAPE/DISK UTILITY:
U utility package that transfers TAPE to DISK
lor DISK to TAPE automatically. If you just got
Uur first disk drive, TAPE/DISK is a MUST
HAVE program. Will print tape <& disk directo-
ries to any supported prin ter. 64k DISK.,

This popular 'intergraded' package includes, VIP
Writer, Terminal, Data Base, Calc and Disk Zap
which can fix a diskette with I/O errors. SCS
special price. 64k DISK. $149.95

CoCoMAX II : By Colorware

VIP WRITER III w/SPELL CHECKER :
All new and completely up-graded with expanded
memory and pop-up main menus. You can also
have up to 8 - 48k working text screens that will
allow you to create 8 separate documents! Settle
&$| for only the best 100% ML word processor for the
CoCo 3. 128k DISK $79.95

HI-RESJOYSTICK DRIVER.
MAX PATCH...... »»«.».«<»♦«»«»».»»»«♦»•»«»».*♦»»««» .95

The'CLASSIC CoCo graphic program. Draw great |SUYBOTH FORONLY \

works of art with the program that set a standard for
allothers to follow. Supported bya Hi-Resinterface IHGRXDUMP:

and numerous printer drivers for complete set-up. Iproduce hardcopy graphic files with your DMPl SPECIAL: Order any VIP program from SCS,and

land CGP (B&W) printer. CoCo l,2& 3compat^| receive an additional program at NO EXTRA
iblc. 64k DISK..,,.,,.,,,

64k DISK $78.45

CoCoMAX III . By Colorware
All new program based off the 'CLASSIC CoCo-
MaxII software. Allows for full animation, select 16
colors from a 64 color palette, fast & easy to use w/
pull down menus in a point-and-click environment.
128k or512k DISK. $78.45

DISK UTILITY 2.1A PLUS :
A complete disk utilitypackage for all CoCo's. Full
Disk I/O for FORMAT, COPY, and BACKUP.
Supports single or double sided 35 or 40 track
drives. With DISK UTILITY 2.1 A PLUS from

Allows you to hard copy graphic pictures using
the Star Gemini 10X, Epson MX-80 or any other
Epson compatible printS&l|k DISK.,,., $9,95

MUL1WAK CRACK:

SCS, you get TWO progra
DISK UTIL
UTILI

low price.
- d DISK

..$23.95

CoCo SCREEN DUMP:

Allows you to save your ROM-PAK programs
over to disk...WIIERE THEY BELONG! In-
cludes POKES for problem PAKs and the new
16kPAKs.64k DISK; $24.95

MAX40: By Colorware

The 'Dazzling Word Processor & Document |
Creator for the CoCo3\ You asked for it and
now it is available at an SCS special price.
128k DISK, $78.45

SECOND CITY SOFTWARE

Accepts MasterCard, Visa, C.O.D. and
Check orders. Please add $2.50 for ship-
ping ($4.50 for Canada orders) & allow 1 to
3 weeks for delivery. C.O.D. orders, add
additional $2.50.

CHARGE! Call or write for full details.

THE NEWSPAPER PLUS .
DeskTop Publishing for the CoCo 3? With the
ALL NEW NEWSPAPER PLUS, you now can
create complete and sophisticated Banners,
Headlines along with Text Columnsand Graphics.
THE NEWSPAPER PLUS allows for importing
different pictures, fonts and fill patterns from disk
for that pro-look. Comes complete with 22 fonts
and 50 clip art pictures. THE NEWSPAPER
PLUS is an all new upgraded program based on
the original NEWSPAPER program. SCS is the
ONLY company authorized to handle THE
NEWSPAPER PLUS program. Why buy the old,
overpriced and outdated program when you can
get the newest release for less!
128k DISK.... $48.95

THE NEWSPAPER GRAPHICS DISK I:
The FIRST OFFICIAL supplementary program
disk for THENEWSPAPER. Contains '50' NEW
PICTURE FILES, '10' NEW FILL PATTERNS
and '3' ADDITIONAL FONT SETS! GRAPH-
ICS DISK I is available only from Second City
Software for $19.95

► «

HOWARD MEDICAL COMPUTERS

1690 N. Elston • Chicago, IL 60622 • orders (800) 443-1444 • inquiries and order status (312) 278-1440

Showroom Hours 8-5 M-F. 10-3 SAT u

y
i

* 5 STAR FINAL

APRIL '89

CLOUDY

> *

* •

.. *

NX-1000R

COLOR

$249

:t «

♦ ♦
. i

DC-6 DISTO SUPER
CONTROLLER

Gives Radio Shack compatability
and double-sided access to drives
like our DD-4. A buffer collects
keystrokes in memory so nothing
is lost when disk is reading or
writing. Especially useful with
OS-9, multi tasking or multi user.

$129 ($2 ship)

NX- 1000 STAR printer

• forward and backward tractor

. 4K input buffer $189
. 144 CPS ($7 ship)

NX- 1000 RAINBOW
color printer $249

. four-color ribbon slu P)

• front panel font select

. single sheet and tractor feed at
same time

Howard SP-C $35.49

. serial-to-parallel converter

. 300 - 9600 baud ($2 ship)

Drive 0 and Drive 1+
Double Drive 0+

. two 360K { / 2 height Teac 55-B

• one case and double power
supply

• DISTO DC-3 expandable con-
troller DD-4 $310

• CA-2 double cable $j sh j p )

• Free T&D coupon

MONITOR

Sony KV-1311 CR $499

Regular $625 ($15 shipping)
• Vivid Color • Vertically flat
13" screen • Monitor/ Trini-
tron TV with remote control •
640 x 240 resolution at
15MHZ 37 mm Dot pitch •
RGB analog & digital; TTL;
and composite inputs • Cable
to CoCo 3 $36

HARD DRIVE ACCESSORIES

3' Hard Drive Cable $ 20

Clock Upgrade $ 20

HYPER I/0 $ 29.95

RSB $ 39.95

TEAC 55B $ 118

Hard Drive ROM Boot $ 20

"Guarantee" As good as Gold.

Howard Medical's 30-day guarantee
is meant to eliminate the uncertainty
of dealing with a company through

the mail. Once you receive our hard

ware, try it out; test it for compat-
ibility. If you're not happy with it for

any reason, return it in 30 days and
we'll give you your money back (less
shipping.) Shipping charges are for
48 states. APO, Canada and Puerto
Rico orders are higher.

Hard Drive— Ready to Run!

20,000,000 Bytes or the equivalent to
a 125 R.S. 501 's on line are packed
into this hard drive, pre installed and
ready to run. All you need to do is
plug it in and go! This complete easy
to use package includes a Seagate
ST-225 hard drive, a DTC 5150
controller, a Burke & Burke interface
that plugs into slot 3 of the multi pak
interface, plus a case & power supply
AND a 1 year warranty. The Seagate
and controller can also be used in a
TANDY 1000, IBM-XT or clone.

HD-2 20 meg ®498
HD-3 30 meg ®548
HD-4 40 meg "598

Free 3' hard drive cable with orders
thru 4/ 16/89

PAL UPGRADE
FOR MULTI-PAK

specify for 26-3024 or 26-3124
14.95 ($2 ship)

24 HOUR ORDER LINE

800 / 443-1444

WE ACCEPT VISA . MASTERCARD
• AMERICAN EXPRESS • C.O.D. OR
CHECKS . SCHOOL P.O.
NEW - DISCOVER CARD

OWARD MEDICAL COMPUTERS

r 1690 N. Elston • Chicago, IL 60622 • orders (800) 443-1444 • inquiries and order status (312) 278-1440

£' Showroom Hours 8-5 M-F. 10-3 SAT

* 5 STAR FINAL APRIL '89 VERY DRY

515 SALE ENDS 4/15

Due to price increases Howard Medical will end its super sale on Magnavox
monitors at midnight April 15, 1989. These changes effect the 8CM5 15 color,
7622 amber, and 7652 green. Present pricing will be honored only on orders
placed prior to 4/ 16/89.

MAGNAVOX 7622 12" Amber Screen offers 900 dots x 350 lines resolu-
tion at 20 MHz on a dark glass anti-glare CRT with built-in audio and 1 year
warranty. ($7 shipping) $ 88 7652 green screen also available $88

MAGNAVOX 8 CM 515 has analog RGB for CoCo 3, TTL RGB for
Tandy 1000 or IBM PC's, and composite color for CoCo 2 and 3. Built-in
speaker. 14" screen with 640 dot x 240 line resolution. Plus 2 years parts
and labor warranty, reg. list $499 was $298 $266 + $14 Shipping

CC-3 Magnavox RGB cable for CoCo 3 only s 19,95 with Magnavox
Monitor order. $29.95 w/o monitor.

« i

8CM515 123A

123A 12" This 12" green screen high resolution monitor offers 80 column
capability, Zenith quality and a 90-day warranty valid at any of Zenith's
1200 locations. Retail $199. Our price $49.50 ($7 shipping) REPACK

VA-1 for monochrome and color monitors delivers video interface for CoCo's
1 & 2 $ 29.45 ($2 shipping)

DRIVE 0 +. Howards Drive 0
gives you a DD-3 MPI drive, a CA-
1 cable and DISTO DC-3 Disk Con-
troller for only $178.45. Double
sided double density 360K. ($5 ship-
ping)

HMC's Guarantee-
A Promise you can take to the Bank.

Howard Medical's 30-day guarantee
is meant to eliminate the uncertainty
of dealing with a company through
the mail. Once you receive our hard-
ware, try it out; test it for compat-
ibility. If you're not happy with it for

any reason, return it in 30 days and
we'll give you your money back (less
shipping.) Shipping charges are for
48 states. APO, Canada and Puerto
Rico orders are higher.

Price Break on DISTO
Disk Controllers

Includes controller and C-DOS 4.0
ROM Chip. DISTO *75 DC-3[aJ \
($2 shipping on all DISTO products)

ADD-ON BOARDS

DC-3P Mini Eprom programmer
includes all software to program
2764 or 27128 chips [S] $ 55
DC-3C Clock Calendar and parallel
printer port[C] $ 40

RS-232 $49.95

Replaces R.S. RS-232 board. Plugs in
drive port or multi pack. 2 MHz
operation works with OS-9.($2 ship)

3 in 1 Board $59.45

Clock calendar at 2 MHz parallel
printer port pack requires DISTO
Controller or MEB ($2 ship)

MEB $30 ($2 ship)

Plugs into multi pak to expand
DISTO DC-3 bus. Use clock in DC-
3 and eprom programmer in MEB.

i3>

1 1

24 HOUR ORDER LINE

DON'T MISS OUT.
DON'T MISS OUT, ORDER TODAY!

800 / 443-1444

WE ACCEPT VISA . MASTERCARD .
. AMERICAN EXPRESS . C.O.D. OR:"
CHECKS . SCHOOL P.O.
NEW - DISCOVER CARD

l do V

<V«r *» »
»•»•; \mu

k «V«

few '4

S$eed Racer

I I M

m m

v i •

As the checkered Hag dijops 1 your* pulse ris^s in this lively arcade
game. The road twists to the horizon on the 3-D panorama that sets
r tl?e stage for exciting racing. Vie for time as you glide through the
curves at incredible speeds. Step through the gears to stay ahead of
the pack, but H)e quick! Some will stop at nothing to see the end of
| the race, or the end of ^ou! Four challenging raceways conjplete
| with obstacles and colorful 3-D scenery test your skills in this Pole
Position™ type game. . ^

32K Color Computer required... $34.95

k fQVB

PINBALL

FACTORY!

i: KfiFV MCFADOEM

PUY&R 1 2

Pinball Factory

| Video games come full circle in this tribute to the original arcade
game, PjnbalL Classic! pinball springs to life as never before, with

| fresh new angles that only a computer can offer. Crisp graphics,
sound, and fast smooth action givfe this machine-language arcade
g|une a realistic, responsive feel you'll hardly believe. There are
even "tilt" buttons that'let you "bump" the machine. In addition to
playing a great game of pinball, you can enjoy hours of creative
pleasure as you design - build, edit, and play your own screens.

V ■ M " f t

.... V^J I lM

o4K. Color Computer required. . .5>34.y5

Demon Seed

The first waves of flying, diving, bloodthirsty bats &fe arriving.
Move, fire, and move again. It's a never ending battle. If you are
lucky enough to defeat the bats, be ready for a much greater
challenge, The Evil Demons themselves. Destrby a wing and
another takes its place. Only a direct hit Can save you now. It will
take great skill to triumph. If you do, then you better be ready for
the End. The Demon Flag Ship descends to destroy your remaining
ships. Your only hope is to penetrate the hull, breakthrough the
shield, and destroy the dreaded Gargoyle, t '

•i

32K Color Computer required. . .$1 9.95

1HJ.0

t MichTron is always looking for programmers and programs. If you are interested in working with one

of the most respected company's in the computer software field please give us a call.

) *

For more information

on these or other fine products

call our knowledgeable statff !

■i

Nichlion

576 S. Telegraph
Pontiac, MI 48053
(313) 334-5700

Dealer inquiries welcome.
Visa and Mastercard accepted.