Full text of "The Rainbow Vol. 01 No 1 - Vol 8 No 11"

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January 1989

Canada $4.95 U . S, $3^95

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Make Some Handy Tandy

Connections.

The largest group of Tandy® users in the world
shares its problems and solutions online every day in
CompuServes Tandy Forums. And you can join them.

You'll find users of every kind of Tandy computer,
who have worked the bugs out of any application
you're likely to encounter — from CoCo games and the
OS-9 operating system to the most advanced program-
ming problems for MS-DOS® desktops and laptops.

Tandy Forums are the first place youH hear
about new products, sometimes even as they're being
developed. Find out which software is best for your

applications. And keep up with the latest information
on upgrades as soon as they're available. There's no
better way to get more out of your Tandy.

To join CompuServe, see your computer dealer
To order direct or for more information, call 800
848-8199. In Ohio and Canada, call 614 457-0802.
If you're already a member, type GO TANDYNFT
at any ! prompt.

CompuServe®

An H&R Block Company

after

BIG SAVINGS ON A FULL

COMPUTERS

Tandy 1000 HX 1 Drive 256K 439.00'

Tandy 1000 TX 1 Drive 640K 799.00*

Tandy 3000 NL 1 Drive 51 2K 1 279.00

Tandy 4000 1 Drive 1 Meg.Ram 1959.00

Tandy 5000 MC 2 Meg. Ram 3799.00

PRINTERS

Radio Shack DMP-106 80 CPS 169.00

Radio Shack DMP-132 120 CPS 245.00*

Radio Shack DMP-440 300 CPS 549.00
Radio Shack DWP-230 Daisy Wheei349.00

Tandy LP-1000 Laser Printer 1899.00

Star Micronics NX-1000 144 CPS 199.00
Star Micronics NX-1000 Rainbow 269.00

Panasonic P-1080i 144 CPS 199.00

Panasonic P-1091i 194CPS 249.00

Panasonic P-1092i 240 CPS 369.00

Okidata320 300 CPS 369.00

Okidata 390 270 CPS 24 Wire Hd 515.00

NEC Pinwriter P-2200 170 CPS 399.00

MODEMS

Radio Shack DCM-6 52.00

Radio Shack DCM-7 85.00

Practical Peripheral 2400 Baud 229.00

Practical Peripheral 1200 Baud 149.00

COMPLEMENT OF RADIO SHACK COMPUTER PRODUCTS

14.95
119.00
59.95
26.95
299.00

COLOR COMPUTER MISC.

Radio Shack Drive Controller 99.00
Extended Basic Rom Kit (28 pin) 14.95
64K Ram Upgrade Kit (2 or 8 chip) 39.00
Radio Shack Deluxe Keyboard Kit 24.95
HI-RES Joystick Interface 8.95
Color Computer Deluxe Mouse 44.00
Multi Pak Pal Chip for COCO 3
PBH Converter with 64K Buffer
Serial to Parallel Converter
Radio Shack Deluxe Joystick
Magnavox 8515 RGB Monitor
Magnavox Green or Amber Monitor99.00
Radio Shack CM-8 RGB Monitor 249.00
Radio Shack VM-4 Green Monitor 99.00
PBJ OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board 19.95
PBJ512K COCO 3 Upgrade 159.00
Tandy OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board 24.95
Tandy 512K COCO 3 Upgrade 149.00

COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE

TAPE DISK

The Wild West(CoCo3)
Worlds Of Flight
Mustang P-51 Flight Simul.
Flight 16 Flight Simul.

COCO Util II by Mark Data 39.95
COCO Max III by Colorware 79.95
Max 10 by Colorware 79.95
AutoTerm by PXE Computing 29.95 39.95
TW-80 by Spectrum (CoCo3) 39.95
Telewriter 64 49.95 59.95

Telewriter 128
Elite Word 80
Elite Calc 3.0

CoCo3 512K Super Ram Disk

79.95
79.95
69.95
19.95

25.95
34.95 34.95
34.95 34.95
34.95 34.95

Home Publisher by Tandy (CoCo3) 35.95
Sub Battle Sim. by Epyx (CoCo3) 26.95
Thexder by Sierra (CoCo3) 22.45
Kings Quest III by Sierra (CoCo3) 31.45
Flight Sim.ll by SubLogic (CoCo3) 31 .45
OS-9 Level II by Tandy 71 .95

OS-9 Development System 89.95
Multi-View by Tandy 44.95
VIP Writer (disk only) 69.95
VIP Integrated Library (disk) 149.95

Prices are subject to change without notice.
Please call for shipping charges. Prices in our re-
tail store may be higher. Send for complete
catalog

*Sale prices through 12/31/88

CALL TOLL FREE
1-800-343-8124

• LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES

• BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY

• KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF

• TIMELY DELIVERY

• SHOPPING CONVENIENCE

P.O. Box 1094
480 King Street
Littleton, MA 01460

SINCE 1973

IN MASSACHUSETTS CALL (508) 486-31 93

TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp.

Table of Cont e nts

January 1989
Vol. VII No. 5

102

^Features

The Flip Side ^

Keiran Kenny

Use one sheet of paper to

print a six-page pamphlet

Pixel Pictures

Bill Bernico
Create brilliant pictures

Co Co Clubs:
Building a
Great Foundation

Ed Hathaway

The club that plays together
stays together

Chart Plotting ^
Made Easy

Eric Wolf

Slicing a piece of the pie

Do You

Have a Question?

Cray Augsburg
Everything you ever wanted
to know about the CoCo . . .

An RGB
Demonstration

Dave Jenkins

Ever wondered how your

RGB monitor determines

colors?

Learn to Walk
Before You RUN

Brian C. White
Your new year's resolution
was to start programming —
now what?

87 ^

We Have a Winner!

Bill Bernico
Results from July's
programming contest

90 ^

Around in Circles ^

William P. Nee

Part VII: Machine language

made BASIC

102 m>

Secret Codes ^

Clem Bedard

Send messages without fear
of discovery

110

Program a
RAM Disk

Daniel Jimenez
Utilize all your CoCo 3's
memory

The cassette tape/disk synv
bofs beside features and col-
umns indicate that the program listings
with those articles are on this month's

RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAIN-
BOW on disk. Those with only the
disk symbol are not available on
rainbow on tape. For details,
check the rainbow on tape and
rainbow on disk ad on Page 18.

THE RAINBOW January 1989

N ovic e s N i ch e H
58

Now or Never

John Musumeci

Bouncing off the Walls

Etienne St. Jean

Like Pulling Taffy

Tio Babich

Doodle Ditty

Bill Bernico

Psychedelia

Alex Abraham

All Things in
Progression

Keiran Kenny

255 Ways to Clear Your
Screen

Lee Deuel!

Counting the Words

Rebecca Kastack

Hit the Slopes!

Gary Osborne

CoCo Pong

Brent Dingle

Who You Gonna Call?

Tom Rochford

D e partm e nts

Advertisers Index

Back Issue Info

CoCo Clubs

CoCo Gallery

Corrections

Letters to Rainbow
One-Liner Contest
Info

.160
.107
_ 40
. 26
. 41
_ 6

Racksellers

Rainbow Info

_132
-.158

_ 16

_134

_ 94

Scoreboard Pointers 96

Submitting Material

to Rainbow 144

Received & Certified
Scoreboard

Columns

Subscription Info

.144

BASICally Speaking

Bill Bernico

BASIC problems solved here

BASIC Training

Joseph Kolar
Let's GET going

CoCo Consultations

Marty Goodman

Just what the doctor ordered

114

Delphi Bureau

Don Hutchison

Who has the time?

and Don's database report

Education Notes

Steve Blyn

Give 'em an inch . . .

"Dr. ASCII" and "Turn of the
Screw" will return next month.

PRINT#-2,

Lawrence C. Falk
Editor's Notes

Wishing Well

Fred Scerbo
Where's the logic?

R a inbowt e ch

152

Accessible Applications

Richard A. White

OS-9 memory explorations

145

Barden's Buffer ^

William Barden, Jr.
Hamming it up

136

KISSable OS-9

Dale L. Puckett
BASIC09: a great language

Product Reviews

Armchair Admiral/Eversoft Games, Ltd.
Flight Simulator
Scenery Dlsks/subLOGIC Corp

Good Games Jr\o/ RCPierce Software
Horse Sense/Western Hills Software _

KDSK3/Kenneth L. Wuelzer

Max-1 Q/Colorware

Mine Rescue/Game Point Software
MJK-DOS/CoCo Connection

PIA Extender Board/Fraser Instrument Co.

Security Projects for the

TRS-80 Color Computer/Brown's Enterprises
U Itra-Base/Totf? ian Software

.125

.124
.124
.130
.121
.118
.123
.120
.130

.129
.126

the rainbow is published every month of the year by FALSOFT, Inc., The
Falsoft Building, 9509 U.S. Highway 42, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059,
phone (502) 228-4492. the RAINBOW, RAINBOWfest and THE rainbow and
RAINBOWfest logotypes are registered ® trademarks of FALSOFT, Inc. •
Second class postage paid Prospect, KY and additional offices. USPS N. 705-
050 {ISSN No. 0746-4797). POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the
rainbow, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059. Authorized as second class
postage paid from Hamilton, Ontario by Canada Post, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
• Entire contents copyright © by FALSOFT, Inc., 1988. the RAINBOW is intended
for the private use and pleasure of its subscribers and purchasers and
reproduction by any means is prohibited. Use of information herein is for the
single end use of purchasers and any other use is expressly prohibited. All
programs herein are distributed in an "as is" basis, without warranty of any kind
whatsoever. • Tandy, Color BASIC, Extended Color basic and Program Pak are
registered ® trademarks of the Tandy Corp. • Subscriptions to the rainbow
are $31 per year in the United States. Canadian rates are U.S. $38. Surface mail
to other countries is U.S. $68, air mail U.S. $103. All subscriptions begin with
next available issue. • Limited back issues are available. Please see notice for
issues that are in print and their costs. Payment accepted by VISA, MasterCard,
American Express, cash, check or money order in U.S. currency only. Full
refund after mailing of one issue. A refund of 10/12ths the subscription amount
after two issues are mailed. No refund after mailing of three or more magazines.

The Rainbow

Editor and Pubiisher

Lawrence C. Falk

Managing Editor Jutta Kapfhammer

Associate Editor Sue Fomby

Reviews Editor Lauren Wiiioughby

Submissions Editor Tony Olive

Copy Editor Beth Haendiges

Technicai Editors Cray Augsburg,
Ed Ellers

Technical Assistant David Horrar

Editorial Assistants Wendy Falk Barsky,
Sue H. Evans

Contributing Editors

William Barden, Jr., Bill Bernico,
Steve Blyn, Tony DiStefano,
Richard Esposito,
Martin Goodman, M.D.,
Joseph Kolar, Dale Puckett,
Fred Scerbo, Richard White

Art Director Heidi Maxedon

Designers Sharon Adams,
Teri Kays, Denise Webb

Typesetters Linda Stone Gower,
Renee Hutchins

Falsoft, Inc.

President Lawrence C. Falk
General Manager Bonnie Frowenfeld
Asst. General Mgr. for Finance

Donna Shuck
Admin. Asst. to the Publisher

Sarah Levin
Editorial Director John Crawley
Asst. Editorial Director Judi Hutchinson
Senior Editor T. Kevin Nickols
Director of Production Jim Cleveland
Chief Bookkeeper Diane Moore
Dealer Accounts Judy Quashnock
Asst. General Manager For Administration

Sandy Apple
Word Processor Manager

Patricia Eaton
Customer Service Manager

Beverly Bearden
Customer Service Representative

Carolyn Fenwick
Development Coordinator Ira Barsky
Chief of Printing Services Melba Smith
Dispatch Michael Willis
Business Assistants Laurie Falk,

Vivian Turbeviiie
Chief of Building Security
and Maintenance

Jessie Brooks
Advertising Coordinator Doris Taylor
Advertising Representatives

Belinda Kirby, Kim Vincent
Advertising Assistant Debbie Baxter
(502) 228-4492

For RAINBOW Advertising and
Marketing Office Information,
see Page 160

Cover photograph copyright © 1968
by Carl Maupin

Art direction by Heidi Maxedon

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 5

MEOW

No Laughing Matter

Editor:

I must take issue with an attitude common
among rainbow columnists. Some of these
writers denigrate some of the more primitive
CoCo systems. I find this shocking in such
an eclectic community as ours. Certainly,
some hardware is more powerful or of better
quality than other hardware, but comments
like Doctor ASCII's reference to one CoCo
user's "anemic" FD 50 1 , ignore some impor-
tant facts.

Single-sided disks are limited, slow and
clumsy in comparison to double-sided or
hard disks. And when recommending new
equipment, one should make these facts
clear to help the consumer. But, hey, I own
one single-drive FD 501. It has served me
well, and it may be all 111 ever need. How-
ever wonderful other hardware may be, I
may never buy it. What I have suits my
needs.

You may have three double-sided disks,
eight monitors and an ice-cream truck.
That's fine if that's what you need. Another
person may have a 16K CoCo with a tape
drive and use the heck out of it. Great! That's
what the CoCo Community is all about.

Don't lay snobbish, wealthier-than-thou
trips on financially-strapped CoCo users.
It's beneath the dignity of the Community
and your magazine to demean fellow CoCo
users. In the words first painted on the back
of a Model T, Don't laugh. It's paid for!

David Smith
Grand Portage, Minnesota

REVIEWING REVIEWS

Editor:

I would like to comment on the review of
my program Castle of Tharoggad (No-
vember '88, Page 130). As the game's pro-
grammer, I feel obligated to make a few
observations.

It is most unfortunate that the reviewer
was neither a D&D fan nor familiar with the
game's predecessor, Dungeons of Daggo-
rath. His mention of a lack of graphics
animation suggests that he did not manage
to get far enough in the game to observe the
Walls of Fire or other animated sequences
scattered throughout the castle. Although
these graphics do not stretch the CoCo 3's
capabilities, they are more impressive graph-
ics than can be found in CoCo 1 and 2
games.

The reviewer also mentions that the game
interface seems slow. I disagree. Anyone
who has played D&D games like Dungeons
of Daggorath or The Bard's Tale knows that
only a certain number of strikes are permit-
ted to a player before an opponent strikes

6 THE RAINBOW January 1989

back. This keeps the game exciting. Dun-
geons of Daggorath was notoriously slow in
its keyboard interfacing technique, yet it is
one of the most popular program packs
written for the CoCo.

The Icon and Menu system used in Castle
of Tharoggad provides convenient access to
every command normally found in Adven-
tures and is probably one of the most
striking things about the game. Yet this
feature is dismissed as ordinary in the review.
How often have you seen fully Icon- and
Menu-driven games in a 16K program pack?

Although the review of my program was
fair, I do not think that it provided an
informed discussion. I suggest that the
reviewer play Dungeons of Daggorath for a
few hours and compare the two games. I
think that he will better appreciate Castle of
Tharoggad feature.

Scott Cabit
West Melbourne, Florida

INFORMATION PLEASE

Editor:

This is written in utter desperation. I
bought a CoCo 3 about four months ago,
and I am lost. I can't understand 98 percent
of your magazine, and when I go to my
Radio Shack store, I get more confused. I
decided to get a modem (even though I don't
know how you use one), so I talked to a man
at Radio Shack. He said I would have to
build my own cable and that an article in the
November issue of the rainbow ("The
Computer Connection," Page 28) would
help.

I drove 30 miles to get a magazine that I
cannot understand. You need to run about
two pages every month that offer the com-
plete novice a basic foundation from which
to build. (I mean, what is Delphi? Why do
you poke and peek?) Thanks for listening.

Ron Hengerer
12412 Teal Run Ct.
Jacksonville, FL 32258

See "Do You Have a Question " by Cray
Augsburg (Page 50, this issue) for the
answers to some of your questions.

Although we try to include helpful novice
information in every issue of the rainbow,
our January issues are strictly devoted to
beginners. You might want to check out our
back issue ad on Page 107 of this issue.

Last year's Beginners Issue is one of the
most informative. You might want to check
out Lauren Willoughby's "Starting From
Scratch "(Page 20), an abundance of tips for
the new computer user and Lee Veal's
"Glossary of Computer Terms" (Page 85), to
get a handle on computer jargon.

Don Hutchison's "Getting Started With

Delphi" (November '87, Page 64) should
answer your questions regarding Delphi and
telecommunications.

A Fix for the Home Publisher

Editor:

I own a CoCo 3, and I love the rainbow.
I have confidence in your magazine, so when
in April '88 your "Received and Certified"
department (Page 140) certified Home
Publisher from Tandy, I was sold on it.
Unfortunately, according to Tandy, Home
Publisher will not print on the DM P- 130 A
as promised. I've telephoned the company
about this problem. I've been told there is
a bug in the program and that it won't work
with the DM P- 130/ 130 A.

The software is super; it just won't print.
I really want to use the program, but I am
not going to buy a new printer to do so.

Will you please verify this complaint? If
it is true, please let others know of this
problem. Also, does Radio Shack plan to do
anything about this problem? Please help.

Melvin D. Hay den
P.O. Box 477
West Carrollton, OH 45449

Tandy has fixed the Home Publisher's
problem with the serial driver on the DM P-
series printers. To get a copy of the fix at
no charge, call Tandy's Computer Customer
Service line at (817) 338-2395.

Tandy has also made additional printer
drivers available for use with Home Pub-
lisher. The drivers are for the Epson MX-80,
Okidata20, Panasonic KX-P1090, Star SG-
10 and C.Itoh 85 JO A P printers. The pack-
age (Cat. No. 90-0911) includes all seven
printer drivers, retails for $19.95 and may be
purchased by calling Express Order at (800)
321-3133, or through any Radio Shack
store.

Welcome Back

Editor:

I bought the CoCo when my sons were
quite young. Now that they are old enough
to understand how to run programs, we have
returned to the CoCo and have quite a bit
of fun together.

My interests in the CoCo are recreational.
After looking over your October '88 issue,
I see that CoCo is no longer as game-
oriented as it was in '83. While I realize that
computers are first and foremost "working
tools" and that games are secondary, I have
enough work to do at the office. At home,
1 look forward to using my CoCo for fun.

Back when I particularly enjoyed graphics
Adventures, I had hours of fun with Sea-
Quest from Mark Data Products. Now the

AUTOTERM

TURNS YOUR COLOR COMPUTER INTO THE

WORLD'S f*
SMARTEST TERMINAL!

YOU'LL ALSO USE AUTOTERM FOR SIMPLE
WORD PROCESSING & RECORD KEEPING

EXTRA FEATURES ON COCO 3 DISK

80 char, screen, 2400 baud thru serial port,
95,000 to 475,000 character buffer.

EASY COMMUNICATION + WORD PROCESSING + TOTAL AUTOMATION

Full prompting and error checking.
Step-by-step manual has examples.
Scroll text backward and forward. No
split words on screen or printout.
Save, load, delete files while on line.
Print, save all or any part of text. 300
or 1200 baud. All 128 ASCII
characters. Works with D.C. Hayes or
any modem. Screen widths of 32, 40,
42, 51, 64.

DISK VERSION SUPPORTS RS232
PAK, XMODEM and SPLIT SCREEN
FOR PACKET RADIO.

Please hire the mentally retarded.
They are sincere, hard working and
appreciative. Thanks! ^ ^

Editing is super simple with the
cursor. Find strings instantly too!
Insert printer control codes. Specify
page size and margins. Switch
quickly between word processing
and intelligent terminal action. Create
text, correct your typing errors; then
connect to the other computer,
upload your text or files, download
information, file it, and sign-off; then
edit the receive data, print it in an
attractive format, and/or save it on
file. Compatible with TELEWRITER.

CASSETTE $29.95
DISKETTE $39.95

Add $3 shipping and handling

MC/VISA/C.O.D.

Advanced system of keystroke
macros lets you automate any
activity, such as dial via modem,
sign-on, interact, sign-off, print, save.
Perform entire session. Act as
message taker. At start-up, disk
version can automatically set
parameters, dial, sign-on, interact,
read/write disk, sign-off, etc. Timed
execution lets AUTOTERM work
while you sleep or play. No other
computer can match your COCO's
intelligence as a terminal.

PXE Computing

11 Vicksburg Lane
Richardson, Texas 75080

214/699-7273

rainbow seems almost devoid of such
product ads.

However, I did notice in the October issue
that you have kept track of software rights
after the original distributor has gone out of
business (e.g., you explained what has
happened to Glen Dahlgren since Prickly
Pear Software closed). Is it possible to
publish lists identifying who now distributes
certain programs? I am particularly inter-
ested in games once distributed by the
following companies: Tom Mix Software,
Datasoft, Inc., ColorQuest, Petrocci Free-
lance Associates, Elite Software, Adventure
International, Rainbow Connection Soft-
ware, Mark Data Products, Computer
Shack, Spectral Associates, Genesis Soft-
ware, Saguaro Software and Aardvark Ltd.

Finally, I live near Princeton, but 1 picked
up the rainbow too late to go to the
RAINBOWfest. Will RAlNBOWfest be in
Princeton again next year?

Art McTighe
186 Maple Shade A ve.
Trenton, N J 08690

To the best of our knowledge, the major-
ity of the software companies you mention
went out of business years ago and are no
longer marketing software for the Color
Computer. However, Microeom Software is
presently advertising some of the game
software formerly marketed by Tom Mix,
Mark Data and Spectral Associates; and
Cinsoft is currently advertising products

marketed previously by Tom Mix and Elite
Software. Computer Shack is back in the
Co Co market and is advertising its products
under the company name MichTron. See its
ads for more detail.

Due to the need for more reasonable hotel
accommodations, we have moved the Oc-
tober 20 to 22, 1989, RAINBOWfest loca-
tion from the Hyatt Regency in Princeton
to the Somerset Hilton in Somerset, New
Jersey, just 30 miles north of Princeton and
closer to the Newark airport.

KUDOS

Editor:

I am writing to thank everyone at Color-
ware for the service I was provided. I wish
1 had gotten the names of all the people 1
spoke to so 1 could mention them specifi-
cally, but 1 was remiss.

My parents ordered both Max-10 and
Co Co Max HI. However, when I tried to
make the necessary backup copies, I could
copy only parts of the disks.

I was apprehensive when I called Color-
ware for replacement because of my dealings
with another company. It soon became
obvious that my fears were unfounded. The
person with whom I spoke was polite and
helpful, and he promised to send me replace-
ment disks by the end of the day. Today, less
than one week later, I have received the
replacement disks and successfully copied
them both.

I received outstanding service from Color-
ware, and I want the people at Colorware
and all rainbow readers to know.

Charles F. Phillips
Palms, California

HINTS & TIPS

Editor:

When moving from the CoCo 2 to the
CoCo 3, I learned that some favorite pokes
were not supported in Extended Color
BASIC. One of these, the "Wallpaper" poke,
was especially missed. Pattern painting can
be very useful and economical for back-
grounds and shadows in basic pictures.
Using POKE l?B,x (where jc is a number
between one and 255) and the default PAINT
command, PRINT [x,y) 0, the CoCo 2
could paint and draw in a vertical patterns.
CoCo 3s cannot do this without additional
code. However, after disassembling the
hpaint I found two pokes that could enable
this vertical pattern. To use this poke, you
will need an RGB monitor. The following
short program uses these two pokes to paint
a circle; the two pokes following the hpaint
command restore the default value:

0 'COCO 3 WRLLPRPER POKE

1 'BY THDMRS J GEORGE
10 H5CREEN 2

20 HCLS:X=X+1

30 HPRINT (12,5) ,X

40 HCIRCLE (160,90) ,40,6

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 7

50 POKE &HE79B,156
60 POKE &HE79C,X
70 HPRINT (160,90) , ,6
80 POKE &HE79B,212
90 POKE &HE79C,181
100 GOTO 20

Thomas J. George
Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania

PEN PALS

• I am 17 years old and would like to have
pen pals from anywhere in the world. 1 have
a few CoCos, but 1 use my 5 1 2 K CoCo 3 with
two double-sided drives, which includes a
CM-8, CGP-115 printer/ plotter, a modem
and other stuff. I enjoy programming and
making hardware add-ons. 1 also run a BBS.

Dave Osborne
6533 Le Breton A ve.
Montreal, PQ
Canada HIM 1L4

• I am 16 years old and have a CoCo, disk
drive and printer. 1 prefer pen pals with close
to the same setup, unless there's a girl
looking for a good pen pal. I promise to
write back to all letters.

James Port
Moose Club Park
Goffstown, NH 03045

• 1 am 26 years old and own a CoCo 3, CCR-
8 1 and an FD 501 disk drive. I have had my
CoCo since June, J988. 1 would enjoy
hearing from anyone about writing pro-
grams. I will answer all letters.

Richard Butler
702 North Cass
Box 304
Ml Ayr, I A 50854

• 1 am 15 years old and would like to have
some pen pals. I have a CoCo 2, one drive,
a CCR-82 cassette recorder, DMP-105
printer, a DC Pak modem and a Modem IB.
I will respond to all letters.

Chris Weiss
8879 Fontaineblue Blvd., U202A

Miami FL 33172

• 1 am 20 years old and looking for pen pals
who also have a strong interest in Tandy
computers. I have four computers: CoCos 1
and 2, a Tandy 1000, and a PC-6 hand-held.
I work for Radio Shack and love to talk
about the products. All letters will be
answered.

Paul Borninski
27256 Palomino
Warren, MI 48093

• 1 am 14 years old and have a Tandy 128K
computer and two joysticks. I would like pen
pals from all over the world. I would like to
learn more about computers.

Delaina Ashcraft
Route 1, Box 332
New Edinburg, AR 71660

• Vm 1 1 years old and looking for pen pals
anywhere in the United States who are
seriously interested in the CoCo. I have one
disk drive, a Multi-Pak Interface, two CoCo
2s and a modem. I will try to answer all
letters.

Gordon McLellan III
412 Spruce St.
Manistee, MI 49660

• 1 would like a pen pal from anywhere. I
have a CoCo 2 and 3, a disk drive, two
printers, and a cassette recorder.

Ken Cornlhworte
P.O. Box 1473
100 Mile House, BC
Canada V0K2E0

• I am 16 years old and own a CoCo 3, two
disk drives and a cassette recorder. I am
interested in CoCo 3 pictures and graphics.
I will answer as many letters as possible.

Taya Lee Brown
2803 Pittsfield
1 Ann Arbor, MI 48104

• Tm 16 years old and have a CoCo 3 and
disk drive. Anyone can write; I'll answer all
letters.

Heather Deila
1140 Leeds St.
Utica, NY 13501

• I am 28 years old, have a CoCo 3 with a
single-sided drive, and enjoy games and
Adventures. I'm looking for some reliable
pen pals. I know what it feels like to write
and get no reply, so III answer all letters.

Alan Wick wire
1017 Quince
Brainerd, MN 56401

• I'ma 35-year-old tractor trailer driver who
would like pen pals from anywhere in the
world — any age. I will answer all letters.
I love all games and graphics and work with
OS-9 and utilities.

Holloway S. Ferber
98 Centerwood St.
North Babylon, NY 11703

• 1 am 42 years old and looking for pen pals
in the United States and around the world.
1 have a CoCo 3, disk drive, cassette recorder
and D MP- 130 printer.

Richard Duhaime
8987 Verville
Montreal, PQ
Canada, H2N 1 Y2

• 1 am 14 years old and looking for a pen
pal between 10 and 16 years of age who likes
playing games and Adventures on the CoCo.
1 have a CoCo 2 and disk drive.

Renaldo Radler de Aquino, Jr.
Estrada do Carangola 249
25.715 Petropolis, RJ, Brazil

• I am looking for pen pals of all ages who
would be interested in swapping informa-
tion and discussing any problems that we
might have. I have a CoCo 2 with disk

drives. I am especially interested in letters
from my old navy buddies who were in the
CoCo Club at Lakehurst, New Jersey.

Ronald Jalbert, Jr.
P. O. Box 486
Fort Fairfield, ME 04742-0486

• I am a 20-year-old man looking for pen
pals who have a CoCo 2 or 3. My system
includes a CoCo 3, 501 disk drive, cassette
recorder and DMP-105 printer. My other
interests are sports, baseball-card collecting
and photography. I will answer all replies.

Charles Braude
69-10 Yellowstone Blvd.
Forest Hills, NY 11375

• I am 22 years old and have a CoCo 2 (64K)
with a cassette recorder and an Atari 130XE
with a 1050 disk drive. I would like to
contact anyone in any country who likes
Adventure games, sci-fi and medieval fan-
tasy, music, or anyone who wants to talk.

Carlo R. DeShouten
301 McNabb Rd.
Cullman, AL 39055

• I am 15 years old and looking for pen pals
from Australia, New Zealand, the United
States and Canada. I have a 128K CoCo 3,
two double-sided disk drives, a CCR-81
cassette recorder and a D MP- 106 printer. I
would like to learn OS-9 and assembly
language.

Chris Rankin
35 Birchwood Blvd.
Deer Park, Victoria 3023

Australia

• I am a 16-year-old student currently
working on my fourth year of Spanish. I
would like to correspond with other CoCo-
ists from around the world, especially ones
who speak Spanish fluently. I have a CoCo
3, disk drive and printer.

Kevin A. Armalay
586 Webster Ave.
Penndel, PA 19047

• I am 16 years old and interested in a pen
pal. All letters will be appreciated.

Christie Goedert
Rt. 3 Box 265
Stockton, MO 65785

THE rainbow welcomes letters to
the editor. Mail should be addressed
to: Letters to Rainbow, The Falsoft
Building, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY
40059. Letters should include the
writer's full name and address. Letters
may be edited for purposes of clarity
or to conserve space.

Letters to the editor may also be
sent to us through our Delphi CoCo
SIG. From the CoCo SIG> prompt,
type RAI to take you into the Rainbow
Magazine Services area of the SIG. At
the RAINBO W> prompt, type LET to
reach the LETTERS> prompt and
then select Letters for Publication. Be
sure to include your complete name

and address.

8 THE RAINBOW January 1 989

Word
Power 3.2

More Versatile # More Powerful With
Spooler # Calculator • Split-Screen • 2-Column Printing

n ... friendly '...amazing execu-
tion speed...much easier to use
than VIP software & 2 other
word processing systems I've
tried...very user-friendly. ..mas-
sive text storage capacity
...highest among word proces-
sors..^ - Rainbow Oct. 88
Review for Word Power

Unparalleled Power packed in this 100% ML Word Processor
written from scratch for the CoCo 3! No other word processor
offers such a wide array of features that are easy to learn & use.

DISPLAY & SPEED

niffiirTrTiivitiTiirvvfTii vi^vvvt? rrriTri iii ( ini mi

Word Power 3,2 runs at double-clock speed
and uses the true 80-column display with
lowercase instead of the graphics screen. The
result is lightning fast screen reformatting and
added speed! All prompts are displayed in
plain English in neat colored windows . The current column num-
ber, line number, page number, percentage of free memory is dis-
played at all times. Even the page break is displayed so you know
where one page ends and the other begins. The Setup program
allows you to change fore/background colors as well as (in) visible
carriage returns. Word Power 3.2 can be used with RGB/Com-
posite/Monochrome monitors as well as TV.

MAXIMUM MEMORY

T m » • m ■ • • • • • • • • • . • • • » » * • • • • • • * • • • • * • •••»*■■»»••***•■«*•»••■■»■»••»»*»"» . * . a +

• •»•>! . ► * • • • »••••*»••♦»«•• » • • * • •••••• » * ► •♦»»••#••

Word Power 3.2 gives you over 72 K on 128K and over
450K on 512K CoCo 3 for Text Storage - more
memory than any other CoCo word-processor.
Period.

EFFORTLESS EDITING

Word Power 3,2 has one of the most powerful and user-friendly
full-screen editor with word-wrap. All you do is type. Word
Power takes care of the text arrangement. The unique Auto-Save
feature saves text to disk at regular intervals for peace of mind.

Insert/Overstrike Mode (Cursor Style Changes to indicate mode);OOPS Recall
during delete;Typc-ahead Buffer for fast typers;Key-Repeat (adjustable); Key-
Click; 4-way cursor and scrolling; Cursor to beginning/end of text, beginning/end
of line, top/bottom of screen, next/previous word; Page up/down; Delete charac-
ter, previous/next word, to beginning/end of line, complete line, text before/after
cursor, Locate/Replace with Wild-Card Search with auto/manual replace; Block
Mark, Unmark, Copy, Move & Delete; Line Positioning (Center/Right Jus-
tified); Set/Reset 120 programmable tab stops; Word-Count; Define Top/Bot-
tom/Left/Right margins & page length. You can also highlight text
(underline-with on-screen underlining, bold, italics, superscripts, etc.). Word
Power even has a HELP screen which an be accessed any time during edit.

Splits the screen in half so you can view one portion of your text
while you edit another. You'll love it!

MAIL-MERGE

mmmmmmmmmmm

Ever try mailing out the same letter to 50 different
-^people? Could be quite a chore. Not with Word
Power 3.2! Using this feature, you can type a letter,
follow it with a list of addresses and have Word Power
print out personalized letters. It's that easy!

CALCULATOR feMBlM^l^liiy^;

Pop-up a 4-function calculator while you edit! Great for tables!

SAVING/LOADING TEXT

Word Power 3.2 creates ASCII format files which are compatible
with almost all terminal/spell-checking & other word-processing
programs. Allows you to Display Free Space, Load, Save, Ap-
pend & Kill files. The ARE YOU SURE? prompt prevents ac-
cidental overwriting & deletion. You can select files by simply
cursoring through the disk directory. Supports double-sided
drives & step-rates.

• " • '. r . V . WSS.

PRINTING

Word Power 3.2 drives almost any printer (DMP, EPSON,
GEMINI, OKIDATA, etc). Allows options such as baud rates,
line spacing, page/print pause, partial print, page number-
ing/placement, linefeeds, multi-line headers/footers, right jus-
tification & number of copies. The values of these parameters &
margins can be changed anytime in the text by embedding Printer
Option Codes. The WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU GET fea-
ture allows you to preview the text on the screen as it will appear
in print. You can view margins, page breaks, justification & more.

PRINT SPOOLER

Why buy a hardware Print Spooler? Word Power 3.2 has a built-
in Spooler which allows you to simultaneously edit one document
& print another.

mm*™*

'-■****-*** • •-■----■-•*-

TWO-COLUMN PRINTING

This unique feature allows you to print all or portion of your text
in two columns! Create professional documents without hours
of aligning text.

SPELLING CHECKER!

.•

■.-X

. .'

. V V f V «V ' "

I V

.- ■: ■:■ .-: -i ^xm^t v ■:■ ■• ■:■ x ■■ :■ •■

Word Power 3.2 comes with spelling checker/dic-
tionary which finds & corrects mistakes in your
text. You can add words to /delete words from
dictionary.

mm*

Sea

PUNCTUATION CHECKER

This checker will proofread your text for punctuation errors such
as capitalization, double-words, spaces after periods/commas,
and more. Its the perfect addition to any word processor.

DOCUMENTATION

Word Power 3.2 comes with a well-written instruction manual &
reference card which makes writing with Word
Power a piece of cake! Word Power 3.2 comes on an
UNPROTECTED disk and is compatible with
RSDOS. Only $79.95

(Word Power 3.1 owners can get Word Power 3.2 Upgrade FREE by sending
proof of purchase & $5.00 to cover S&H costs & instructions)

i—H in

DliCtVER

JhJif MICROCOM SOFTWARE

All Word Power 3.2 orders shipped by UPS Next Day Air at no extra charge within
the Continental US. Offer good thru January 15, 1989.

To Order & for info on FREE Gifts: Refer to Page 17 of our 6-page Ad series(Pgs. 9-17)

Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

Order Status, Info, Technical Info: 716-383-8830

Starting the Year
Off Right

This being our January issue, it is time to welcome many new members of
the CoCo Community to our ranks. Based on the sales projections Radio
Shack has made for the CoCo this year (which, incidentally, have been very
accurate over the years), there are tens of thousands of new CoCo owners who
saw what we all know is the finest home computer waiting among their holiday
presents.

That's a big moment for lots of people. As many of you know, a CoCo can
change your life, making things easier for you and bringing a great deal of
enjoyment to every member of your family. But just how all this happens depends
on people like you and me.

It's time for a stop at the local Radio Shack store. Meet someone you don't
know who has a CoCo. Offer some help if you can. If you have a user group,
ask the store manager if you can post a meeting notice somewhere — or at least
ask him or her to pass out some flyers. (And make those flyers fancy — it's a
good chance to let your CoCo strut its stuff!)

For our part, Radio Shack has for some time now. included a subscription
envelope with all its new CoCo 3s, so new users have an opportunity to hear about
and from THE RAINBOW. For the first time, this year there is an added incentive
for new users to get involved with the CoCo Community, In cooperation with
Radio Shack, we will be giving away one free copy of THE rainbow to each person
who buys a new Color Computer 3. The form is included in the box — all the
owner has to do is fill it out. This program is expected to continue throughout
the year.

I know many of you have encouraged your friends to buy Color Computers
this year and have often loaned your copies of THE rainbow to them for a while.
Now they can get their own — and of course we hope they will join the ranks
of our subscribers.

Obviously, there will be some delay in getting these magazines to new owners.
The way the program works is that the cards will first have to be sent to Radio
Shack in Fort Worth for processing. Then they'll come to us, and we will send
out the magazines with the next available issue — which saves us some postage
on the mailings.

It is being done this way for a couple of reasons, and I thought you might like
to know what they are. First, the offer of a free copy of THE RAINBOW is attached
to the warranty card — and Radio Shack does want to encourage return of
warranty cards. Our cooperation was asked as an incentive for new owners to do
this.

Second, this program is also being used with all of Tandy's MS-DOS and
portable computers in cooperation with our sister publication, PCM, which covers
those computers. So Tandy has to physically sort the cards in Fort Worth before
sending them on to us.

Best Desktop Publishing / Document
Creator for the CoCo 3. Features Pull
Down Menus, What You See Is What You
Get , UNDO, integrated text & graphics
capability , multiple fonts & more.
Graphics can be imported from CoCo
Max I,II,III, MGE, MGF, 5 Level DS-69,
PMODE 4, HSCREEN 2/3 pictures. Sup-
ports: DMP 105/130, EPSON
MX/FX/RXLX/ Gemini 10 Series, CGP-
220 and OKI-92. Only $79.95

Create distinctive bright yellow diamond
shaped car signs. Includes 2 resuable
clear plastic sign holders with suction
cups, and 50 sheets of bright yellow fan-
fold paper. Printer Requirements are the
same as for the CoCo Graphics Designer.
Only $29.95

Font Disk #1,#2 for CoCo Graphics
Designer: $19.95 each

COLOR
SCHEMATIC

By Prakash Mishra

An excellent Circuit Schematic Design
Software Package for CoCo 3. Features:

* Runs in 640x192 at 1.8 Mhz

* Pull Down Menus

* Keyboard/Mouse/Joystck Support

* RGB/ Composite/Monochrome
Monitor Support

* 72 Modifiable Symbols

* Multiple Hi-Res Fonts

* Multiple UNDO Command

* Symbol Rotate/Line/Box Draw

* Supports 3 Layers of Circuits

* Powerful Screen Print Command
DMP/Gemini/Epson Printers

* Complete Documentation

Only $39.95

for

RSB

A Revolutionary Program that allows
you to use Basic Programs from OS9!

OS9 Level 2 is the future of the CoCo.
Unfortunately, most Basic Program-
mers are "afraid" of using OS9 because
it is completely different from Basic.

Introducing RSB from Burke &
Burke. It converts RS-DOS into an
OS9 "shell" and allows you to program
in Basic from under OS9! You can
even take advantage of the OS-9 "built-
in" windows to run several BASIC
programs at once! And RSB always
runs at the full 2 Mhz speed of the
CoCo!

If you're new to OS9 or you simply
want to take advantage of the ad-
vanced features of the OS9 operating
system, RSB is for you. Req, OS9 L II.
Only $39.95

ULTRAPATCH SYSTEM

by Randall Reid

Patches the Superpatch EDTASM + ®
for 80 columns, 47K Buffer (ap-
proximately 3000 lines!) & more. Req
CoCo 3. Only $19,95

GAMES

(Disk only)

(CoCo 1,2 & 3 except where mentioned)

WARRIOR KING (CoCo 3): $29.95
IN QUEST OF STAR LORD( Animated Graphics Adventure
for CoCo 3): $34.95 Hint Sheet: $3.95
HALL OF THE KING 1,2,3: $29.95 Each Trilogy: $74.95
FLIGHT 16: $34.95

P-51 MUSTANG SIMULATION: $34.95
WORLDS OF FLIGHT: $34.95
PYRAMIX(Cubix for CoCo 3): $24.95
KUNG FU DUDE: $24.95 CHAMPION: $19.95

WHITE FIRE OF ETERNITY: $19.95
QUEST FOR THE SPIRIT STONE (CoCo 3): $18
WARGAME DESIGNER (CoCo 3): $29
TREASURY PACK#1: Lunar Rover Patrol, Cubix, Declathon,
Qix, keys of Wizard, Module Man, Pengon, & Roller Con-
troller .Only $29.95

TREASURY PACK #2: Lancer, Ms. Gobbler, Froggie, Mad-
ness & Minotaur, Ice Castles, Galagon, Devious. Only $29.95
SPACE PAC: Color Zap, Invaders, Planet Invasion, Space
Race, Space War, Galax Attax, Anaroid Attack, Whirlybird,
Space Sentry & Storm Arrows.Only $29.95
WIZARD'S CASTLE: A hi-res graphics adventure game filled
with traps, tricks, treasures. Only $19.95
CLASSIC PAK: Treasury Pack 1, 2, Space Pac & Wizards
Castle: Only $59.95

XENOCOPY-PC

An amazingly versatile program that allows you to Format/Duplicate / Read/
Write disks from over 300 different computers. For example you could trans-
fer programs between CoCo, IBM, PC-DOS, TRS-80 Model 3, TRS-80 Model
4, TRS-80 Model 100, Xerox 820, Zenith, Kaypro II, Novell , NEC DOS and
much much more!! Send for FREE List. Requires an IBM Compatible with 2
drives. Disk $79.95.

512K BACKUP LIGHTNING

(From Colorventure)

The ultimate CoCo 3 disk copying utility! ! Reads your master diskette once
and then makes as many copies as you want. It automatically formats an un-
formatted disk while copying! Supports 35, 40 or 80 track drives with various
step rates. A must for any disk user!! Only $19.95

PRINTER LIGHTNING

(From Colorventure)

Never wait for your printer again!! This Print Spooler allows you to print to
your printer and simultaneously continue with your programming. No need to
wait for those long printouts! Disk Only $19.95

BASIC FREEDOM

A Full Screen Editor for Basic Programs! ! A Must for anyone who writes Basic
Programs. Only $24.95

VOCAL FREEDOM

Turn your computer into a digital voice / sound recorder. Produces natural
voices/ sound effects. Req. inexpensive RS Amplifier (#277-1008) & any
microphone. Only $34.95

HACKER'S PAC

Allows you to incorporate voices created by Vocal Freedom into your own
Basic and ML programs. Only $14.95

MJF

MICROCOM SOFTWARE

To Order & for info on FREE Gifts: Refer to Page 17 of our 6-page Ad series(Pgs. 9-17)

Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

Order Status, Info, Technical Info: 716-383-8830

I hope you will encourage new
owners in several ways. First, and most
important, encourage them to become
members of the CoCo Community, to
learn, to participate and to see what a
difference a CoCo will make to them
and to every member of their families.
You and I know the difference, but try
to think back to the day you first opened
the box of your Color Computer. Right
now, today, there are thousands and
thousands of people in exactly that
same boat!

Second, please encourage all the new
CoCo owners to subscribe to THE RAIN-
BOW. As our ranks become larger, we
have more and more clout with a most
important segment of the computer
industry — the people who develop and
write software and hardware. When
these people look at a market, they have
to see potential for profit; otherwise,
they just look for another market.

Third and very important, patronize
our advertisers and be sure to mention
the rainbow when you do. I know this
sounds like a cliche, but you have no
idea how important it can be. Yes, of
course it is important to us — but it is
also important to you, because in-
creased advertising keeps us able to
provide the level of support for the
CoCo and the CoCo Community we
always have.

* * *

All of us make resolutions at this time
of the year, and we've made one here at
THE rainbow, too. For all sorts of
reasons, we have had some difficulties
this year getting your copies of THE

RAINBOW, RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAIN-

BOW on DISK out to you as fast as we
would like.

One of those reasons involved a
change in printers at midyear without a
lot of notice to us. Our long-time printer
was sold to another local firm. In the
end, the result of this has mostly been
good — we have been able to polybag
(and protect) your issues better for
about the same cost of the wrapper used
in the past. On the bad side, our tran-
sition, which was very sudden, took a
while to accomplish.

Because we needed to establish some
new ways of doing things, which in-
itially took longer, we ended up also
pushing back our production of RAIN-
BOW ON TAPE and RAINBOW ON DISK,

since these cannot be done until the
magazine is "put to bed." Then, in
addition, we had some difficulties with
the people who duplicate our disks. We
believe these problems are solved.

Finally, we've had some real trouble
in our typesetting area — primarily
because of personnel. We're about to get
those problems ironed out, for two
reasons. The first of them is a simple
one: merely training new people. It does
take some time.

But the second is more interesting.
Although we have something like
$100,000 worth of typesetting equip-
ment, it is pretty outdated (although
only a few years old). Just a few weeks
ago, we signed a contract for new state-
of-the-art laser typesetting equipment
from a company called Linotype. It
should be delivered by the time you read
this.

The new system will involve CoCos
and Tandy PCs on the "front end." We
expect to save some money on both

supplies and maintenance — the former
because we will be able to proof on plain
paper instead of expensive photograph-
ic typesetting paper, and the latter
simply because the components of the
new system are easier to keep in work-
ing order.

Yes, yes, I know: Conversion from
one system to another takes time. We
know this, but the truth of the matter
is that much of what we do will be done
the way we do it now — typing and
transferring stories and doing editing on
our CoCos and Tandy computers. The
difference is that we'll then do most of
our page layout electronically (at al-
most 1,800 dots per inch), make all our
corrections on plain paper, and output
directly to film to send to our printer.

It's an interesting and ambitious
project that will, of course, have a
learning curve. Our intent, however, is
to continue improving THE RAINBOW
and providing you with a high-quality
magazine. Our New Year's resolution is
to provide it and our magnetic products
in a more timely manner.

The really good news is that with the
savings we will see from these changes,
we do not anticipate having to raise
subscription prices in 1989, at least in
the United States. This is the third year
we have been able to hold the line on
them. Considering the postage increase
this year, I think this says something not
only for our dedication to you, but also
for the dedication of all the people who
work here in their efforts to bring you
a quality product at a reasonable cost.

So from all of us to all of you: Happy
1989!

— Lonnie Falk

Introducing CoCo MIDI 3! The familiar MIDI sequencer is more powerful than ever! No other sequencer program for the Color Computer
can rival the ease of use and powerful editing capabilities. In addition to high performance recording and playback, CoCo MIDI 3 has
extensive editing capabilities. Such as block cut, copy, and paste. Quantize a block; scale velocities or a controller value; change the channel
assignment of a block. Multipak or Y cable required. Includes a hardware MIDI interface and cables. $149.95

Lyra Lybrary is an extensive collection of music to use with your MIDI synthesizer. There are over 13 disks you can choose from. Each is
packed with 5-8 part music, and takes 50 to 80 minutes to play. A wide variety of music ranging from Bach and Chopin to Bing Crosby and
the Beatles. Each disk $14.95.

Lyra, a powerful yet easy-to-use MIDI music composition program, is now better than ever! Version 2.6 has almost all the features you might
want, including on-screen transpose, programmable MIDI filter, and comprehensive support of the MIDI standard. Many professional
musicians use Lyra as a part of their recording studio, and music teachers find it a great aid to teaching music theory in schools! Use Lyra to
transcribe, arrange, or compose music and then play it back on your MIDI synthesizer. Comes with CoCo to MIDI cable. Only $59.95.

FB-01 Calc is a program that creates event files for Lyra so you can set up custom
configurations for your FB-01 from Lyra. Includes a manual packed with useful information
about your FB-01. A must if you have an FB-01! $19.95.

Ordering information: send check or money order. Sorry, no credit cards. COD is ok.
Shipping and handling included in price. CA residents add 6% tax.

i I I Rulaford Research

1^ I J P.ti. Box 143

7TY Imperial Beach, C A 92032
|^i: J^. \j (i$i9) 690-3648 (evenings ^-lQiPT)

1 2 THE RAINBOW January 1989

(CoCo 2 Versions Included where specified)

* Disk-to-Disk Copy * Tape-to-Disk Copy

* Tape-to-Disk Auto Relocate

* Disk-to-Tape Copy * Tape-to-Tape Copy
Copies Basic/ML/Data Files. CoCo 1,2 or 3.
Req. min. 64K Disk System. Disk Only $24.95

COCO CHECKE

Something possibly wrong with your CoCo?
CoCo Checker is the answer. Will test your
ROMs, RAMs, Disk Drives & Controller,
Printer, Keyboard, Cassette, Joysticks, Sound,
PIAs, VDG, Internal Clock Speed, Multi-Pak
Interface and more! Only $24.95

DISK UTILITY 2.1 A

A multi-featured tool for USER FRIENDLY
disk handling. Utilize a directory window to
selectively sort, move, rename & kill file entries.
Lightning fast Disk I/O for format, copy & back-
up. Single key execution of Basic/ML programs.
Thiswill become your MOST USED program !!
CoCo 1,2 or 3. Req. Min. 64K. Disk Only $24.95

MAILL1ST PRO

The ultimate mailing list program. Allows you
to add, edit, view, delete, change, sort (by zip-
code or name) and print labels. Its indispen-
sible!!Disk $19.95 (CoCo 2 version included)

DISK LABEL MAKER

Allows you to design professional disk labels!
Allows elongated, normal and condensed for-
mat for text. Double Strike, Border Creation,
and multiple label printing. Its a MUST for any
user with a disk drive. Supports DMP
105/106/110/120/ 130/430, GEMINI, STAR,
EPSON and compatibles. (CoCo 2 version in-
cluded). Only $19.95

COCO UTIL II coc£ r

(Latest Version): Transfer CoCo Disk files to
IBM compatible computer and vica-versa. Re-
quires 2-Drive IBM Compatible. Disk $39.95

RGB PATCH

Displays most games in color on RGB monitors.
CoCo 3 Disk $24.95

COMPUTERIZED
CHECKBOOK

Why bother with balancing your checkbook?
Let the CoCo do it for you. Allows you to add,
view, search, edit, change, delete and printout
(in a table/individual entry format) checkbook
entries. Updates balance after each entry. Al-
lows files for checking, savings, and other ac-
counts. Disk $19.95. (CoCo 2 version included)

BOWLING SCORE
KEEPER

An excellent utility to keep track of your bowl-
ing scores. Allows you to save scores under in-
dividuals or teams. You can edit change, delete,
and compare scores. A must for anyone who
wants to keep track of his or her bowling perfor-
mance. Disk $19.95 (CoCo 2 version included)

VCR TAPE ORGANIZER

Organize your videotapes with this progxam.
Allows you to index tapes by title, rating, type,
play time and comments. Also allows you to sort
titles alphabetically & view/print selected tapes.
If you own a VCR, this program is a MUST!!
Disk $19.95 (CoCo 2 version included)

COCO 3 SCREEN DUMP

32, 40, 80 column text dump, PMODE 4
Graphics Dump. Single Keystroke Operation al-
lows you to take snapshots of your screens even
when programs are running! Works on DMP's,
Epson, Gemini and compatibles. CoCo 1, 2 and
3. Disk $24.95

HOME BILL MANAGER

-La.

Let the CoCo keep track of your bills. Allows
you to enter bills under various categories and
reminds you when they are due. Disk $19.95

CALENDAR MAKER . rT; ; i

I w it • o H n

_ a » * « « *
n m m M tl m

Generate monthly calendars on your printer for
any year in the 20th century. Disk Only $19.95
(CoCo 2 version included)

ADOS 3

Advanced disk operating system for CoCo 3.
Comes on disk and is EPROMableU Disk
$34.95. ADOS (for CoCo 1,2): $27.95

OS 9

Start OS9

An Enjoyable, Hands-on Guide to OS9 Level II. In-
cludes step-by-step tutorials, articles by OS9 ex-
perts, free software disk includes examples & great
OS-9 utilities! Req. 512K, OS9 Level II, 2 drives &
monitor. The Hottest OS9 Package. Disk + Book:
$32.95

I he Zapper: Patch Disk Errors.$19.95

Disk Manager Tree: Change, create &
delete directories quickly. Req. 512K Lll. $29.95

Level II Tools : Wildcards,tree commands,
windowing & 22 more utilities. 128K Req.$24.95

Warp One: Complete Lll Windowing Ter-
minal. Auto dial, macros,file transfers.cap-
ture,timer,chat, etc. 51 2K Req. $34.95

WIZ

Best LII Terminal Package with 300-19200 baud
rate/windowing. Req. 512K & RS-232 Pack. $79.95

DYNASTAR

Best OS9 Editor/Word Processor. Has Macros, sup-
ports terminals & windows simultaneously, con-
figurable, auto-indent for C/Pascal programming,
mail-merge. New Manual makes it easier than ever.

Only $99.95. DynaSpell: $74.95. Both
Dynastar and Dynaspell: Only $124.95

DYNACALC Spreadsheet: $99.95

OS9 LEVEL II BBS Rel 2.0

BBS program that supports multiple users & sysop
definable menus. Tsmon, Login, Chat, Message
Retrieval, Mail Retrieval, Uloadx, Dloadx, and
much more! Req.512K. New Version! Only $29.95

GSC File Transfer Utilities

Nowyou can transfer files to & from PC (MS DOS),
RSDOS/FLEX disks into your CoCo (OS9) system.
Options: Single/Double sided disks, 40/80 tracks, 8/9
sectors & more! Req. OS9 (Level 2 for MultiVue
version), 2 drives, SDISK/SDISK 3. Standard Ver-
sion; $44.95; MultiVue Version: $54.95

PC-Xfer UTILITIES

Programs to format and transfer files to/from MS
DOS diskettes on CoCo Under OS9 Level 1 and 2.
Requires SDISK or SDISK 3. Only $44.95

SDISK 3

Standard disk drive module replacement allows full
use of 40/80 track double-sided drives. Req. OS9
Level II. Only $29.95. SDISK: $29.95

OS9 LEVEL II RAMDISK

Lightning Fast Ramdisk. A must for any OS9 Level
II user, Req 512K, Only $2^9!

MICROCOM SOFTWARE

To Order & lor :bfb on FREE Gifts: Refer to Page 17 of our 6-page Ad series(Pgs. 947)
Credit Card Toil Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

OWer Status, Info, Technical Info: 716-383-8830

X a-

.'•V

(For 128K & 512K Computers)

From the authors of Word Power 32, the best-selling Word Processor for CoCo 3, comes a revolutionary programming tool!

Do you have a 128K or 512K CoCo 3? Are you being told that
you could only use 22K from Basic?? Don't believe it!!

Lets face it. You bought your CoCo 3 so you could get better
graphics, more speed and more MEMORY, Unfortunately as it
comes, the CoCo 3 only allows you to use 22K for Basic
Programs. A big disappointment for Basic Programmers.

Introducing the revolutionary 512 K Basic. It gives you up to 80K
Basic program/variable space (64K for Basic Program/16K for
variables) on a 128K CoCo and over 400K (384K Basic Program
Space & 16K Variable Space) on a 512K CoCo! There are no
new commands to remember and approximately 90-95% of the
existing Basic Software will run without any modifications. 512K
Basic is completely transparent to the user. You won't even know
its there until you realize that you were able to type in a massive
Basic program without the dreaded ?OM Error. And 512K

Basic wiU even run at double clock-speed and automatically slow
down for printer and disk operations.

Step up to 512K Basic. It's the tool you need to tap the full poten-
tial of your CoCo 3. 512K Basic Requires a 128K or 512K CoCo
3 with a disk drive. OS9 is NOT required. Only $39.95

51 2K Upgrades for CoCo 3.

(Only $160 with purchase of 512K Basic)

Fully assembled, tested and ready to be shipped now. Comes
with $100 worth of 512K Software:

• 512K Backup Lightning • 512K Print Spooler a dRl^fe

• 512K Memory Test • 512K Ramdisk

• OS9 Level II Ramdisk.

No soldering. Comes with all instruction manuals. 90 day war-
ranty. Only $188
OK Upgrade Board: $39.95

KEYBOARDS , ETC

KEYBOARD EXTENSION CABLE:
Move your keyboard away from the com-
puter & type with ease. Use your existing
keyboard with this *
cable or leave your 1
present keyboard in-
tact and use a second *
keyboard. Only L
$39,95.

Cable with CoCo 2 Keyboard: $49.95
Cable with CoCo 3 Keyboard: $69.95
CoCo 3 Keyboard (with free function

KEYS software value $14.95) :$39.95

CoCo 2 Keyboard: $19.95

ACCESORIE

COMMUNICATIONS
EXTRAVAGANZA

1) Avatex 1200e Modem: Fully Hayes
compatible 300/1200 w/ speaker, Auto-
Dial/ Answer/Redial.

2) MODEM CABLE: 4 pin/DB 25 (Reg.
$19.95)

3) Autoterm Software: (Reg $39.95)

4) FREE Compuserve Offer & Acess Time

5) UPS 2nd Day Air Shipping

Only $129.95
With Avatex 2400e instead of 1200e: $229.95

Avatex 1200e Modem Only: $85
Avatex 2400e Modem Only: $18 9/C

EPROM

INTRONICS EPROM PROGRAMMER

(for CoCo); Programs 2516-27512 &
more! Includes software & complete
documentation. Latest version. Lowest
Price Anywhere! Only $137.95
EPROM ERASER:Fast erase of 24/28 pin
EPROMs. Only $49.95
BOTH EPROM PROGRAMMER &
ERASER: $179.95
EPROMS: 2764-$8 27128-$9
ROMPAK (w/ Blank PC Board 27xx
Series): $12.95

BLANK CARTRIDGE (Disk Controller
Size): $10.95

/• ? j? $ itwiwit ft ft a

1 1 1 i 1 < 1 1 i : 1 1 1 ! 'it lL

5 W DS/DD Disks: $.40 each
3 VT DS/DD Disks: $1.49 each
5 174" Disk Case (for 70 disks): $9.95
31/2" Disk Case (for 40 disks): $7.50

Curtis Printer Stand: $19.95
Surge Supresser Strip w/6
$14.95

Curtis Static Mat: $24.95

RIBBONS

NX1000 Color Ribbon: $12.95
NX1000 Black Ribbon: $8.50
Seikosha, EPSON, . DMP,
Panasonic, Okidata, Gemini Rib-
bons: $8,50 each

JftJF

CABLES

MAGNAVOX 8505/8515/8CM643 Analog RGB
Cable: $24.95

SERIAL-TO-PARALLEL INTERFACE: Use your
parallel printer at high speed (300-9600 baud) with CoCo. Comes
will all cables. No software compatibility problems. Only $44.95
15* MULTIPAK/ROMPAK EXTENDER CABLE:
$29.95

VIDEO DRIVER: Use a monochrome/color monitor with

your CoCo. Comes with audio/video cables. Specify CoCo 1 or 2.

Excellent picture quality/resolution! $34.95

RS232 Y CABLE: Hook 2 Devices to the serial port. Only

$18.95

Y CABLE: Use your disk system with Speech Pak,CoCo Max,
DS69, etc. $27.95

RGB Analog Extender Cable:$19.95 IV
SONY Monitor Cable: $29.95 w
VIDEO CLEAR:Reduce TV interference.$19,95
MODEM CABLE:4 pin to DB2S.Only $19.95
3-POSITION SWITCHER: $37.95
HI-RES JOYSTICK INTERFACE: $11.99

[MasterCard 1

mm®

CfflPS, ETC

Disk Basic Rom 1.1 (Needed for CoCo
3): $29.95 ECB ROM 1.1:$29.95
68B09E or 6809E Chip: $14.95
MtiltiPak PAL Chip for CoCo 3:
$19.95

PAL Switcher: Now you can switch tie*
tween the CoCo 2 and 3 modes when using
the Multi-Pak. You need the OLDER &
NEW PAL chip for the 26-3024 MuJtipak.
Only $39.95. With NEW PAL Chip:
$49.95.

UPGRADES

64K Upgrade for CoCo I's, CoCo
IPs with Cat #26-3026/27, 26-3134,
26-3136: $29.95

64K Upgrade for 26*3134 A/B
CoCo II: $39.95

(Free 64K Software incl. with 64K Upgr.)

01/C#V£R

MICROCOM SOFTWARE

To Order & for info on FREE Gifts: Refer to Page 17 of our 6-page Ad series(Pgs. 947)
Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

Order Status, Info, Technical Info: 716-383-8830

Books That Can Launch A 1000 Programs!!

Pokes, Peeks and Execs are your guides into the jungle of computer programming. These commands give you the power of
Machine Language without leaving the security of BASIC. Each book is a collection of "inside" information, with explanations
and examples to help you immediately put it to use. Everyone from the novice to the professional will find these handy books a
wealth of information. BOO POKES

PEEKS,'N EXECS

300 POKES,
PEEKS, 'N EXECS
for COCO III

*40/80 column Screen Text Dump
*Save Text/Graphics Screen to Disk

* Command/Functions Disables

* Enhancements for CoCo3 BASIC
•128K/512K RAM Test Program
*HPRINT Character Modifier

Only $19.95

* Autostart your BASIC programs
♦Disable Color BASIC/ECB/Disk BASIC
commands

♦Disable Break Key/ Clear Key/ Reset Button
'Generate a Repeat-key
♦Transfer ROMPAKs to tape
•Set 23 different GRAPHIC modes
•Merge two BASIC programs
♦And much much more!!!

For CoCo 1,2 and 3. Only $16.95
ALL 3 BOOKS for $39.95

SUPPLEMENT TO 500
POKES,PEEKS, 'N EXECS

200 additional Pokes,Peeks and Execs (500

Pokes Peeks *N Execs is a prerequisite)

♦ROMPAK transfer to disk

♦PAINT with 65000 styles

*Use of 40 track single/double sided drives

♦High -speed Cassette Operation

'Telewriter, CoCo Max enhancements

* Graphics Dump (for DMP printers) /Text

Screen Dump

For CoCo 1,2 or 3. Only $995

UNRAVELLED SERIES

COCO LIBRARY

An invaluable aid for Basic and Machine Language programmers, these
books provide a complete disassembly and annotated listing of the
BASIC/ECB and Disk ROMs. These listings give complete, unintcrupted
memory maps of the four ROMs. Gain complete control over all versions of
the color computer.

EXTENDED COLOR BASIC UNRAVELLED: COLOR
BASIC and EXTENDED BASIC ROM Disassembly: $39.95
DISK BASIC UNRAVELLED: DISK BASIC ROM 1.1 and
1.0 Disassembly : $19.95

BOTH ECB AND DISK BASIC UNRAVELLED: $49.95
SUPER EXTENDED BASIC UNRAVELLED: SUPER EX-
TENDED BASIC ROM Disassembly for CoCo 3. $24.95
COMPLETE UNRAVELLED SERIES (all 3 books): $59.95

CoCo 3 Service Manual: $39.95
CoCo 2 Service Manual: $29.95
Inside OS9 Level II: $39.95
Rainbow Guide To OS9 Level II: $19.95
Rainbow Guide To OS9 II (disk): $19.95
Complete Guide To OS9 (Level 1): $19.95
Complete Guide To OS9 (2 Disk): $29.95
CoCo 3 Secrets Revealed: $19.95
Basic Programming Tricks: $12.95
Assembly Language Programming(tepco): $18

Addendum For CoCo3 (tepco); $12
Color Computer Disk Manual (with ref card): $29.95
Start OS-9 (Book & Disk): $32.99

OTHER SOFTWARE

COCO MAX III (with hi-res interface): $79.95
COCO MAX II: Disk $77.95 Tape $67.95
MAXFONTS #1,.#2,#3,#4: Disk $19.95 Each
NX1000 Rainbow Driver for CoCo Max III: $19.95
MAXPATCH: Run COCO MAX II on COCO 3. $24.95

EDT/ASM 64D: Editor-assembler (specify 1,2,3) $59.95
SOURCE: CoCo Disassembler $34.95 SOURCE III: $49.95
CBASIC: Best Basic compiler $149.95 CBASIC III: $149.95

TELEWRITER 64 (COCO 1&2) :Best Word Processor for
CoCo 1 & 2. Disk $57.95 Tape $47.95

AUTOTERM:Modem software Disk $39.95 Cas $29.95
PRO-COLOR FILE *ENHANCED*: $59.95

VIP DATABASE III
Best Database for CoCo 3. Features 40/64/80 columns, size
limited only by disk space, easy to understand menu system,
LIGHTNING FAST in-memory sort, multiple search, built-
in mail merge, built-in MATH PACKAGE, print spooler and
report generator, unlimited print formats & more. $69.95

MJF

WINDOW MASTER

The hottest program for your CoCo 3!! Imagine using Win-
dows, Pull-Down Menus, Buttons, Icons, Edit Field, and
Mouse Functions in your Basic Programs. No need to use
OS9. It uses the 640x255 (or 320x255) hires graphics mode
for the highest resolution. Up to 31 windows can appear on
the screen at one time. Need extra character sets? Window
Master supports 5 fonts in 54 sizes! How about an enhanced
Editor for Basic? It gives you a superb Basic Editor which
leaves the standard EDIT command in the cold. And don't
forget that many existing Basic/ML programs will operate
under Window Master with little or no changes. In fact, it
does NOT take up any memory from Basic. Requires 1 Disk
Drive, RS Hi-res Interface & Joystick or Mouse. Includes
128K & 512K Version. $69. 95 Window Master & Hi-Res In-
terface. Only $79.95

FKEYS 111

A user friendly, user programmable function key utility that
creates up to 20 function keys. Includes EDITOR, DOS
mods, DISABLE, and its EPROMable! Disk $19.95

SIXDRIVE

Allows the use of 3 double-sided drives from RSDOS or
ADOS. Only $16.95

"A MERICA!

[EXP'RES -1

MICROCOM SOFTWARE

To Order & for info on FREE Gifts: Refer to Page 17 of our 6-page Ad series(Pgs. 9-17)
Credit Card Toil Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7days/week)

Order Status, Info, Technical Info: 716-383-8830

How To Read Rainbow

When we use the term CoCo, we refer to an affection-
ate name that was first given to the Tandy Color
Computer by its many fans, users and owners.

The basic program listings printed in the rain-
bow are formatted for a 32-character screen — so they
show up just as they do on your CoCo screen. One easy
way to check on the accuracy of your typing is to com-
pare what character "goes under" what. If the charac-
ters match — and your line endings come out the same
— you have a pretty good way of knowing that your
typing is accurate.

We also have "key boxes" to show you the minimum
system a program needs. But, do read the text before
you start typing.

Finally, the little disk and/or cassette symbols on the
table of contents and at the beginning of articles
indicate that the program is available through our

RAINBOW ON DISK Or RAINBOWONTAPEService.

Using Machine Language

The easiest way to "put" a machine language program
into memory is to use an editor/assembler, a program
you can purchase from a number of sources. All you
have to do, essentially, is copy the relevant instructions
from the rainbow's listing into CoCo.

Another method of putting an ML listing into CoCo
is called "hand assembly" — assembly by hand, which
sometimes causes problems with OR I E I N or EQUATE
statements. You ought to know something about
assembly to try this.

Use the following program if you want to hand-
assemble ML listings:

10 CLEAR200,8.H3F00:I=&H3FB0

20 PRINT "ADDRESS: ";HEX$( I) ;

30 INPUT "BYTE";B$

40 POKE I, VAL("&H"+B$)

50 I=I+1:GDTD 20

This program assumes you have a 16K CoCo. If you
have 32K, change the &H3F00 in Line 10 to 8.H7F00
and change the value of I to &H7FB0.

OS-9 and RAINBOW ON DISK

The OS-9 side of rainbow on disk contains two
directories: CMDS and source. It also contains a file,
read . me . f i rs t, which explains the division of the
two directories. The CMOS directory contains executa-
ble programs and the SOURCE directory contains the
ASCII source code for these programs, basicos
programs will only be offere6 in source form so they will
only be found in the SOURCE directory.

OS-9 is a very powerful operating system. Because
of this, it is not easy to learn at first. However, while we
can give specific instructions for using the OS-9

programs, you will find that the OS-9 programs will be
of little use unless you are familiar with the operating
system. For this reason, if you haven't "learned" OS-9
or are not comfortable with it, we suggest you read The
Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9 by Dale Puckett and
Peter Dibble.

The following is not intended as a course in OS-9. It
merely states how to get the OS-9 programs from
rainbow on disk to your OS-9 system disk. Use
the procedures appropriate for your system. Before
doing so, however, boot the OS-9 operating system
according to the documentation from Radio Shack.

1) Type load di r list copy and press enter.

2) If you have only one disk drive, remove the OS-9
system disk from Drive 0 and replace it with the OS-
9 side of rainbow on disk. Then type chd/d0
and press enter. If you have two disk drives, leave
the sytem master in Drive 0 and put the rainbow
on disk in Drive 1. Then type chckdl and press

ENTER.

3) List the read . me . f i rs t f ile to the screen by typing

list read. me. f irst and pressing ENTER.

4) Entering dir will give you a directory of the OS-9
side of rainbow on disk. To see what programs
are in the CMDS directory, enter dir cmds. Follow
a similar method to see what source files are in the
SOURCE directory.

5) When you find a program you want to use, copy it
to the CMDS directory on your system disk with one
of the following commands:

One-drive system: copy /d0/cmds/ filename /d0/
cmds/fi/ename -s

The system will prompt you to alternately place the
source disk (rainbow on disk) or the destination
disk (system disk) in Drive 0.
Two-drive system: copy /dl /cmds/ filename /d®/
cmds/ filename

Once you have copied the program, you execute it
from your system master by placing that disk in Drive
0 and entering the name of the file.

The Rainbow Seal

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

The Rainbow Certification Seal is our way of helping
you, the consumer. The purpose of the Seal is to certify
to you that any product that carries the Seal has actually
been seen by us, that it does, indeed, exist and that we
have a sample copy here at the rainbow.

Manufacturers of products — hardware, software and
firmware — are encouraged by us to submit their prod-
ucts to the rainbow for certification.

The Seal is not a "guarantee of satisfaction." The
certification process is different from the review
process. You are encouraged to read our reviews to
determine whether the product is right for your needs.

There is absolutely no relationship between advertis-
ing in the rainbow and the certification process.
Certification is open and available to any product per-

taining to CoCo. A Seal will be awarded to any com-
mercial product, regardless of whether the firm adver-
tises or not.

We will appreciate knowing of instances of violation
of Seal use.

Rainbow Check Plus

The small box accompanying a program listing in
the rainbow is a "check sum" system, which is
designed to help you type in programs accurately.

Rainbow Check PLUS counts the number and values
of characters you type in. You can then compare the
number you get to those printed in the rainbow.
On longer programs, some benchmark lines are given.
When you reach the end of one of those lines with your
typing, simply check to see if the numbers match.

To use Rainbow Check PLUS, type in the program
and save it for later use, then type in the command run
and press enter. Once the program has run, type NEW
and press enter to remove it from the area where the
program you're typing in will go.

Now, while keying in a listing from the rainbow,
whenever you press the down arrow key, your CoCo
gives the check sum based on the length and content
of the program in memory. This is to check against the
numbers printed in the rainbow. If your number is
different, check the listing carefully to be sure you typed
in the correct basic program code. For more details
on this helpful utility, refer to H. Allen Curtis' article on
Page 21 of the February 1984 rainbow.

Since Rainbow Check PLUS counts spaces and
punctuation, be sure to type in the listing exactly the
way it's given in the magazine.

10 CLS:X=2SG*PEEI<(35)+178

20 CLEAR 25,X-1

30 X=256*PEEI< (35)+178

40 FOR Z=X TO X+77

50 READ Y:W=UI+Y:PRINT Z,Y;W

60 POKE Z,Y:NEXT

70 IFW=7985THEN80ELSEPRINT

"DPI TP ERROR":STOP
80 EXEC X:END

90 DATA 182, 1, 106, 167, 140, 60, 134
100 DATA 126, 183, 1, 106, 190, 1, 107
110 DATA 175, 140, 50, 48, 140, 4, 191
120 DATA 1, 107, 57; 129, 10, 38, 38
130 DATA 52, 22, 79, 158, 25, 230, 129
140 DATA 39, 12, 171, 128, 171, 128
150 DATA 230, 132, 38, 250, 48, 1,' 32
160 DATA 240, 183, 2, 222, 48, 140, 14
170 DATA 159, 166, 166, 132, 28, 254
180 DATA 1B9, 173, 198, 53, 22, 126, 0
190 DATA 0, 135, 255, 134, 40, 55
200 DATA 51, 52, 41, 0

16 THE RAINBOW January 1989

COCO 3

CoCo 3 Combo Package

• 128K Color Computer 3

• 500 Pokes Peeks 'n Execs Book

• CoCo 3 Secrets Revealed Book

• Basic Programming Tricks Book

• Utility Routines Volume 1 Book

• $10 off our Drive 0 system

CoCo 3 Combo Package: $169

(Please add $8 S&H in US/S20 in

Canada)

MULTIPAKS

Allows you to hook up 4 rom-
paks/controllers/RS232 Pack, etc.
Needed for most hard drive systems*

Multipak (26-3124) for CoCo 2: $89
Multipak (26-3124) upgraded for
CqCq 3: $99

We have limited quantities of these hard-to-
find multipaks. Order yours today.
MPI Locking Plate (Specify Cat #): $8

MAGNAVOX 8CM515 RGB
MONITOR

Razor-sharp picture
quality for your CoCo!
Has 14" screen,
Analog/TTL RGB,
Composite Inputs for
CoCo 2/3, Speaker, tilt-
stand & 2 year warranty!
Only $265 (add $12 S&H/$40 in Canada)

Magnavox RGB Cable for CoCo 3 and
Composite Video / Audio Cable Set with
purchase of monitor: $19>9S

DISK DRIVES for CoCo 2 & 3

There are a lot of dealers selling disk drives for the CoCo. Why buy from us?
First, all our drives are Brand New and made by Fujitsu. They are sleek,
quiet and have a reputation of superb reliability. Second, our Drive 0 sys-
tems come with the acclaimed DISTO Controller - with gold-plated eon-
tacts. Third, our Drive 0 systems come with the official 200 page Radio Shack
Disk Manual with floppy disks; everything you need to get started. Fourth,
you get $60 worth of our utility software (Disk Util 2.1A & Super Tape/Disk
Transfer) & our DISKMAX software which allows you to acess BOTH sides
of our drives. Our drive systems are head & shoulders above the rest.

Drive 0 (With Disto Controller, Case, Power Supply, 1 Drive Cable, Manual, Software):

$209

Drive 1 (With Case, Power Supply & software): $129 Bare 5 1/4" Drive: $89

2 Drive System (With Disto Controller, Case, Power Supply, 2 Drive Cable, Manual &

Software): $309

1 Drive Cable: $16.95 2 Drive Cable: $ 22.95 4 Drive Cable:$ 34.95

HARD DRIVE SYSTEMS/
INTERFACES

Complete w/ Hard Drive, Western Digital Con-
troller, B&B Interface, Cables, Case, Power Supply,
Software (HYPER IO) & Instruction manuals. As-
sembled/tested/formatted. Just Plug'N'Riin. This is
the best hard drive deal for the CoCo.

Seagate 20 Meg System: $509
Seagate 30 Meg System: $539

CoCo XT: Use 2 5-120 Meg Drives with your CoCo.
Only $69.95 w/ Real Time Clock; $99.95
CoCo XT ROM: Boots OS9 from hard/floppy. $19.95
HYPERIO: Allows Hard Drive Use with RSDOS.
Only $29.95 HYPERIO: Disto Version:If you have a
DISTO Controller w/ Hard Drive Interface, this
program will allow you to use your Hard Drive from
RSDOSU Only $29.95

PRINTERS

AH our Printer Systems include Serial-to-Parallel Interface.

NX1000 Rainbow System: NX1000 Color Printer w/144 CPS draft • Friction/Trac-
tor Feed • Epson/IBM Compatible * 1 Year Warranty. Only $289

NX1000 System: NX1000 Printer w/ 144 cps Draft

• Epson/IBM Compatible • 1 Year Warranty. Only
$199

Panasonic KX-P1080i II System: Panasonic Printer
w/ 144 cps Draft •Tractor/Friction Feed

• Epson/IBM Compatible • 2 Year Warranty. Only
$189

Panasonic KX-1592 System: Panasonic Printer

w/216 cps Draft • 16.5" Wide Carriage • 2 Year Warranty: $399

Friction/Tractor Feed

DISTO PRODUCTS ...

Disto Super Controller: $79.95 Disto
Super Controller II: $129.95

• Mini Eprom Programmer Add on: $54.95
• Hard Disk Add On: $49.95
• RT Clock & Parallel Interface: $39.95
• MEB Adapter Add On: $24.95

MULTI-BOARD ADAPTER Printer Port,
Faster RT Clock & true RS-232 Serial Port.
$59.95

RS232 SUPER PACK: Here it is! True RS-232
Port for your CoCo. Compatible with Tandy®
Deluxe RS232 Pack. Includes DB25 Cable. Re-
quires Multipak. Only $54.95

DI/C#VER

jUf MICROCOM SOFTWARE 2900 Monroe Avenue • Rochester, NY 14618

To Order: All orders $50 & above (except Printers, Monitors, Drives, Computers) shipped by UPS 2nd Day Air in the Continental
US. We accept Visa,MC, Amex,Discover,Check & MO. FREE GIFTS: AH Orders $99 & above also recieve a FREE 1989 Diary &
X-MAS Card. Please add $3.00 for S&H (Drives/Printers add $10 S&H); foreign add 10% S&H (min $5). NYS Residents add sales
tax. Our Australian Agent: Aust. Peripheral Development Ph: 07-208-7820

Credit Card Toll Free Order line 1-800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7 days/week)

Order Status, Info, Technical Info: (716) 383-8830. FAX: 716-383-0026

Still

pounding away at that

E^ms^^^^-J' 13,1,1 iht

keyboard?

SAVE up to 19%

when you buy a joint sub-
scription to the magazine and
either rainbow on tape or
rainbow ON disk! A one-year
subscription to the rainbow
and rainbow on tape is only
$91 in the U.S., $108 in Can-
ada, $153 foreign surface rate
and $188 foreign airmail. A
one-year subscription to the

RAINBOW and RAINBOW ON

DISK is only $115 in the U.S.,
$138 in Canada, $183 foreign
surface rate and $218 foreign
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Every month, these convenient
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ready-to-run programs. Using the
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documentation, all you have to do is
load and run them. A one-year com-
bination subscription to the rain-

bow and rainbow on tape or rain-
bow on disk give you more than 230
new programs! The typing time you
save can be spent enjoying your
CoCo!

RAINBOW ON TAPE
For No-Fuss Fun

Back issues of rainbow on tape
are available beginning with the
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rainbow on tape is $10 within the
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rate for rainbow on tape is $80
within the U.S.; U.S. $90 in Canada;
and U.S. $105 for all other coun-
tries.*

RAINBOW ON DISK

Offers OS-9 Programs

In addition to all the programs
offered on tape, part of one side of
rainbow on disk is formatted for the
OS-9 operating system. That means
you can now get all the OS-9 pro-
grams from the magazine — pro-
grams that cannot be put on tape.
Back issues of rainbow on disk are
available beginning with October
1986. Subscriptions to rainbow on
disk are $99 a year in the U.S. Cana-
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countries, U.S. $130. Single copy
rate is $12 in the U.S.; U.S. $14 in
Canada; and U.S. $16 in all other
countries.*

To order by phone (credit card orders only), call (800) 847-
0309, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. All other inquiries call (502) 228-
4492.

Look for our envelope located between pages 66 and 67 for
ordering individual subscriptions to the rainbow, rainbow on

TAPE and RAINBOW ON DISK.

YES! Sign me up for a joint 1-year subscription (12 issues) to:

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for delivery of first copies. Joint subscriptions to the rainbow and rainbow on tape or rainbow on disk begin with the current issue.

Please note: While group purchases of rainbow on tape and rainbow on disk are permitted (and multiple subscriptions are even discounted, if purchased in one
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in no way authorizes that any copies be made of that original disk/tape. Specifically, this means that the original disk/tape itself may indeed be kept in a club library
for use by members. However, a group purchase does not entitle club members, individually or as a group, to copy that disk/tape.
Unauthorized copying of any copyright product is strictly illegal. The copyright (right to make copies) is in no way conveyed in the purchase transaction.

.raw ,„

the UW«" ate

«j . l! ■ . i , , , !?. , i . i .J?i . i . i . ift I?. . i . i , ifti . i . i ■ I?l ■ I ^ll

Fifth Law of Unreliability: To err is human, tot to realty Foul thugs
uf requires t computer

Hartley's First Lav: Tou can lead a hone to vater, but if you <an snake
his float od hi: back you've jot roaethmg

DllCharm'S Axiom: If one tievi bis protlem closely enough he vill
rtcofoiie biotelf it part of the problem.

Perussei's Law: There \i no job so simple that it cao't be done vrong.

vjk ge: i

Max-1 0 Font Set

Regularly $29.95

36 fonts on 2 disks. Can all be used
easily and quickly with Max-1 0.

JCoagAaad 24

Frontier IB paint

Athens 18 paint

trvinz tz point

Hilliv 11 pitit

Rom* 9 point'
Ram • 12 pa in I

S.racil 111 point

Futura 24

Courier 12 point

Erocktiaven 48

^liames 18 point

sa n Fra n cifco 18

Century 24
All these and 14 more!

/rv/ne 24

Jwart Jong 12 pojflf
Ellesm ere 12 point

Ellesmere 24 point
Ellesmere Bold 24

Digital iE point

OesUtop

Max-1 0+

Now with online 40,000 word
spellchecker

Regularly $79.95

The latest in CoCo word processors
and the only one with true
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What
You Get) output. Mix graphics with
text. Max-1 0 is great for anything
from greeting cards up to newsletters.
Just turn the next page for a full list
of Max-1 0's unbelievable features.

File Edit Search* Layout Font Style |

below

CoCo Max III

Regularly $79.95

The ultimate graphics creation
program. See the list of features on
the next page. Also read the superb
review in The Rainbow, April 1988.

File Edit Options Colors Font Size Style V

JJBJ1

Fill 1

Zoom

Undo

This is the Coco Max. screen with
its pull down menus (above), its
too! box(ieft), its palette, (bet ow).

You can dram with:

5Mtf

THE PENCIL -THE <« BRUSHES - THE SPRAY CAM OR DRAW:

LINES RECTANGLES RAYS CIRCLES POLYGONS CUBES

CHOOSE BORDER
1 OPTIONAL FILL

THEESE ARE JUST A FEW OF
COCO MAK III BASIC functions:

K3mm\mm i=»sr«niBxn '

CoCo Max Fonts

Regularly $49.95

Almost 100 fonts for incredible
headlines and text Four disks full of
fonts. Use CoCo Max styles (Bold,
Italic, 3-D, Shadow ...), sizing and
colors for absolutely wonderful
effects. Thousands of combinations
are possible. Here are some of the
fonts:

crtatlow
Holoil

pUsbbrbjbb

PciqwoT LARqc

pfocrhiti riEaiun
PRDCFHITl LHFCE

Vninvh llln«:U Nmnll

I II 1 Hit A IILIC. MM

UQUitl CRtJSTBL
Mocno/i JIapre
ami

POI-1T OUT

ppinruur lfirde

hrge

Digital Snail

Digii-at fflnclkk-irn

Digital Large
Futura

il'iir id Sn iinll

eeiio
m

unni in amcBi Bfemnpu

Victory

lib) T..«k |rJ|I

BABY TUTU

Ca.rtwh.il

Sarmanda Small

Normande Medium

NOHMAINDE LG.

Piano

30 DAY TRIAL OFFER

AND OUR
NO-RISK GUARANTEE

We understand perfectly that you
have no reason to believe anything
you read. Including this ad. (Or the
rave reviews)

So we invite you to evaluate The
Works yourself. Call and order it
We'll send it with detailed, clear
instructions. Use it with your own
CoCo 3, on your own work, for 30
days. Try it for brilliant presentation
graphics, outstanding word proces-
sing. Wring it out

After 30 days, if it isn't for you,
for any reason, we'll take it back
and write you a check imme-
diately for your full purchase
price.

The risk is all ours. But we urge
you not to wait, this deal may end
soon. We can guarantee this price
only if you order now.

Call today. You have
nothing to lose.

(203) 348-9436

Order line open weekdays 9 to 5 Eastern time
Sec next page for more ordering info.

COLORWARE

A division of Sigma Industries, Inc.

iuWty;*:Wt

REAL DESKTOP

CoCo Max III is absolutely the best drawing package
available for the CoCo 3, and it does more than just let
you draw. CoCo Max III includes animation, text, color
mixing and more features than you would think
possible. It combines incredible speed with dazzling
graphics and it is a joy to use even its most powerful
features.

Pictures, graphs, flyers, cards, signs, school projects,
labels, buttons and anything else you might dream of
creating is now possible with CoCo Max III. Is it any
wonder that the majority of CoCo Gallery pictures in the
last five months were created with CoCo Max?

Thousands of CoCo users have found that you don't
have to be an artist to have fun with CoCo Max. You'll
wonder why you waited so long to get the incredible
CoCo Max III.

AND

CoCo Max III is the best because it includes:

- a huge picture area (two full hi-res 320x192 screens) - a large
editing window - Zoom mode for detail work - 28 drawing tools
which you just point and click on - shrink and stretch - rotation at
any angle (1.5 degree steps) - 512K memory support (all features
work with 1 28K too) - an Undo feature to correct mistakes - you
can even Undo an "Undo" - Animation - special effects - color
sequencing (8 colors, variable speed) - thirteen fonts (more
available) - each font has eight different sizes - five style options
(bold, italic, 3D, etc.) for thousands of font/size/style combination
possibilities. - the CoCo Show "slide show" program - color
editing of patterns - automatic pattern alignment - prints in single
and double size - smart lasso (move text over a background...)

- advanced tools: arc, ray, cube. etc. - select 16 of the 64 colors (all
64 colors are displayed at once for selection!) - picture converter
(CoCo Max II. MGE. BASIC) - extensive prompting - "glyphic"
clipbook of rubber stamps - double click shortcuts - color mixing
(additive/subtractive/none) - money back guarantee - sophisticated
data compression saves disk space - pull down menus (no
commands to remember) - forty paintbrush shapes - two color
lettering - spray can - scrapbooks of pictures - error free

- Y-cable or multipack not required - high speed hi-res interface
included (plugs into joystick port) - disk is not copy protected

- amazing "flowbrush" - RGB and composite monitor support

- replace color - printing on black and white printers in five shades
of gray - full color printing with optional drivers for the NX-1000
Rainbow and CGP220 - entirely rewritten for the CoCo 3

can

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ultimate

progra£

for

the

CoCo Max III: $79.95

Max- 10 owners: deduct $10

System Requirements:

CoCo 3 disk system and a Joystick
or Mouse

Printer drivers included:

IBM/Epson and compatibles. GEMINI.

DMP1 05/1 06/1 30.OKI1 82/1 92. CGP220
(B&W). DMP110, DMP200

Color printer drivers (prints 125
different colors) Star NX-1 000. CGP-
220, or Okimate 20 each $1 9.95

For all CoCo Max Versions

Max Edit Font Editor: A font is a set of
characters of a particular style. With Max Edit you can
create new fonts or modify the existing ones.$1 9.95

Max Font disks (send for list) each $1 9.95

Max Font Set (95 fonts on 4 disks) $49.95

DS69/69B Digitizers: allows you to capture the

image from a VCR or video camera and bring it into

your computer CoCo Max will let you load digitized

pictures and modify them.

DS-69 (2 images per second. Requires

murtipak) $99.95

DS-69B (B images/second) $1 49.95

CoCo 1 & 2 Owners

Still Available:

(See previous ads or
write for information)

CoCo Max II (works on
ail disk CoCos) $69.95
CoCo Max Tape
(CoCo 1 & 2 only) $59.95
Y-Cable $24.95
CoCo Max II Picture
Disk Set

set of 3 disks: $29.95

Guaranteed Satisfaction

Use CoCo Max or Max-1 0 for a full month.
If you are not delighted with either of them,
we will refund every penny.

COLORWARE

A division of Sigma industries, inc.

TO ORDER

(203) 656-1806 M0N-FRI 9 to 5 EST^

Visa or Mastercard accepted. C.O.D. orders $3 extra
Check or M.O. to: Cotorware, 242- W West Ave. Darien CT
Add S3 per order for shipping ($5 to Canada. 10% to overseas)
CT residents add 7.5% sales tax

PUBLISHING

[COLORWARE

THE DAZZLING WORD PROCESSOR

You probably already have a word processor, and you
probably wish it had these features:

► Fully menu driven (CoCo Max style) with point and
click marking of text. You don't need the arrow keys!

► True WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)
including variable size fonts, styles (bold, italics, etc.)
and graphics.

► Can print multiple columns on a page.

► Not limited by printer capabilities: fonts up to 24
points (1 /3") high, superscripts, small print, etc.

► Fully integrated spelling checker (incredibly fast), no
need to exit program to check spelling.

► Graphics can be imported from just about anything
(CoCo Max: MGE; BASIC; even Macintosh pictures
from a BBS) and resized to fit your document.

► Full screen preview including graphics.

Max-10 has all these unique features, plus all the
features you are used to in your current word
processor. Even with all this, you don't give up anything.
Max-10 is easier to use, more intuitive, faster and more
powerful than anything else. It's not just a word
processor, it's a desktop publisher.

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Max-1 0: $79.95

CoCo Max III owners: deduct $10
Max-10 requires a CoCo 3. at least 1 disk, & joystick or mouse
Printer drivers included: IBM/Epson and compatibles; DMP
105, DMP106, DMP130; CGP220 (B&W); Gemini/Star

FileEdit Search* Layout Font

style

✓ Plain TeHt
Bold

italics

cB I

Underlined \ cu
superscript cH
subscript cl

Hniiiiitiiill

liliiiiiiiiiiiiiilii

ttUUUUULUU

WYSIWIG adj. (wiz-ee-wig) 1. What
You See Is What You Get (acronym) I

a ukc choice if fui lftiif fonts and styles

Some of the many features of Max-10:

- Blinding speed - printing in multiple columns - online dictionary

- spell checking - graphics can be mixed with text - full justification
of proportionally sized characters * bold, italic, underline
superscript and subscript type styles - superb file support, just point
and click - "Undo" lets you correct mistakes - easy to use, no
commands to remember - any graphics program can be used

- pictures can be shrunk or stretched to fit - right and left alignment

- centering - variable line spacing - page numbering - current
page number displayed on the screen - variable tab stops - left and
right margins - tabs and margins can vary in the same document

- cut and paste text and graphics anywhere in the file - page break
shows on the screen - pull down menus are quick and simple to use

- lightning fast access to any point in the document with the scroll
box - twenty fonts (styles and sizes), more available - any number
of character sizes and styles can be mixed on the same line - up to
more than 120 characters per line, depending on font size, style and
letters - headers and footers, even with graphics - file compatibility
with other word processors - right, left, bottom and top margins

- word wrap - set starting page - type ahead - key repeat - key
click - scroll up and down - ASCI! file output for compatibility

- disk directory - kill files- block cut. copy and move - global
search and replace - paragraph indent - clipboard - merge

- show file (on disk) - free memory display - page count

- paragraph count - word count - graphics can be resized and
moved - multiple fonts - error recovery - true lowercase -512K
memory support (all features work with 128K too) - complete point
and click cursor control - moving, clearing and changing blocks of
text is ridiculously easy, just point and click at each end of the text
block - onscreen ruler - preview file before loading - search and
replace - disk is not copy protected -* more than 35 pages of text

CoCo Max III and Max-10
Perfect Together

You do not need CoCo Max III to insert and print
graphics in Max-10. Max-10 works with any graphics
creation program, and you can also use graphics
downloaded from bulletin boards.

Similarly, you do not need Max-10 to create graphics
with text in CoCo Max III. There are tremendous
lettering capabilities in CoCo Max III, with its many
fonts, styles, and sizes.

Together Max-10 and CoCo Max III are an unbeatable
combination. This desktop publishing system is better
than anything youVe ever seen on a CoCo. We are so
confident that you will use, and enjoy using f he two
software packages, that we offer an unconditional
money back guarantee. Stop wasting your time and
effort using inferior or obsolete products. Move up to
the new generation of CoCo software now.

1 F e atur e

16K ECB

Use one sheet of paper
to print a six- page pamphlet

The Flip Side

By Keiran Kenny

W'ould you like to print a six-
page booklet with up to 27
lines per page and 34 charac-
ters per line (about 900 words — the
length of this article)? You can create
such work with my program, Booklet.
The program should work using any
printer with a 1/6-inch linefeed and 80
characters per line. The program works
fine on my Brother EP44 typewriter/
printer, which uses a ribbon and typing
paper.

To see how the program works, let's
print a booklet. First, note that Line 80
sets the baud rate at 2400. Change the
rate to fit the needs of your computer.
Feed the paper into your printer, mak-
ing sure that the perforation is flush
with the top of the ribbon.

Now turn on your printer and run the
program. After the title screen, you will
be prompted to enter the number of
lines per page. You can enter any

Keiran Kenny started programming
seven years after retirement. He is
interested in Co Go's graphic and math
capabilities and enjoys trying a variety
of applications.

number from one to 27. If you choose
less than 27, the text will be centered on
the page at the final printout. Once you
have entered the number of lines, you
will be prompted to type each line of
text, one by one. You may enter char-
acters until there is only one space
before the line limit marker (]), but if
you type over the marker, you must
retype the entire line. When you have
typed all six pages of text, the computer
prompts you to enter three lines for the
cover page. These three lines will be
centered on the front page.

If you run out of text before you have
completed six pages, press SHIFT-up
arrow and enter CHR$(95) in the line
following the last line of text. This will
print a left arrow on the screen and
bring you to the cover-page prompt.

Now you are ready to start printing.
Begin by entering the number of copies
to be made. We will begin by printing
one copy. Press ENTER and watch how
the printer prints the page numbers one
and six in a single sweep. Next, the first
line of pages one and six is printed, and
so on, until all lines of these two pages
have been printed. On the bottom half

THE RAINBOW January 1989

•: •<'... •■ :V- • •• V

Figure 1: Sample printout of The Booklet

I' *

PAGE 1

With this proqram you Can print
a six-page, pr of essi dnal -1 ooking
booklet of up to twenty-seven
lines peer page and thirty-four
characters per line. That's about
900 word* - the length of this
article. The program should work
on any printer with a 1/6 inch
linefeed and an 80-character line.
In fact it works well on my little
Brother EP44 typewriter — printer
(using a ribbon and plain paper ( ) .
However, the comments below are
based on the use of standard fan-
fold paper. To see how it works,
You will first have to have a
tent to print. Put your text into
DATA lines as in the examples in
lines 1001-1023 below. These are
numbered in steps of one starting
with 1001 so that you can easily
keep a count of your lines. You
can have a maximum of 162 lines,
<e x 27 i j and not nor* than 34
characters per line.

You can enter less than 162
Unas, but if you enter less

PAGE 6

pages two and five will be prin-
ted and vou are back at the pre-
vi ous prnrap '. , You can then pr i nt
more copies if you wish. Pressing
'N" ends the program.

Now save the program with an
prooam title to identify the sub-
ject of your bookette in case it
is a big success and a reprint is
called for. When you want to print
another bookette, Just load the
last program you saved and type
a new cover title in lines 900-920
and type your new text beginning
with line 1001. If there are any
lines left over from the previous
program, delete them. But make
sure that your last DATA line
reads END as in line 2000.

I'm sorry about all tho».e blank
sheets, but I store them in a
folder and use them for one-off
letters and suchlike. I'd hate to
have to admit how many I accum-
ulated in my efforts to get this
program working properly and run-
ning efficiently!

PAGE 3

Type them in and then RUN the pro-
gram. After the title screen you
get a prompt to check the printer
and input how many copies yuu
want printed. For good reason let
us print just one copy to start.

Peed your paper into the prin-
ter and wind the first sheet
right through until the first per —
f oration is exactly flush with
the top of the ribbon. Press ENTER
and the page numbers 1 and 6 wi 1 1
be printed In a single sweep Df
printhead and then line one of
pages one and six. After pages one
and six have been printed, pages
three and four will 0c printed on
the bottom half of the sheet. You
then get a prompt to reverse the
paper. Wind the paper through un-
til you have a complete blank
sheet following the printed sheet.
Tear the three sheets off and turn
them around so that the printed
si do is facing upwards and the
top of pages one and six is facing
the printer. Turn the first sheet

PAGE 4

right through to the perforation
again and then press ENTER. The
cover title and pages two and five
will then be printed, and you will
be asked if you want any more.

But here you have a chance to
correct any errors in your text.
So, if you have ten lines per page
and there is a spelling error in
the third line on page three,
then that will be the 23rd DATA
line (line 1023 in the listing).
Retype or EDIT that line to cor-
rect it and repeat the procedure
for any other lines in which you
discover textual errors.

There is another check you can
make now too. Separate the printed
sheet from the two blank sheets,
tear off the holey side strips,
fold it over from top tp bottom,
and slice it through with a sharp
knife. Then fold the tuo halves
Dver from side to side and place
the half with pages three and
four inside the half with pages
one and six. Check if the left

PA BE S

margins on pages three and four
are equal. The TABs in lines 2B0
and 4B0, which set the margins,
cannot be changed but a slight
movement of the paper to the right
or left should suffice. Your book
will be as you now see it and you
can bind it by stapling along the
crease between the pages.

But line 380 is still waiting
for you to INPUT how many more
copies you want, so set up your
printer as you did beforo - thus
with a leading blank sheet and
INPUT how many copies you want
printed. Then press ENTER and tlie
printer will then print out paqes
one and six and three and four
to whatever number you chase and
you will be back at the prompt to
reverse the paper. Follow the pro-
cedure as before $nd wind the
paper through until you have a
full blank sheet at the end. Turn
the paper and fe«d it into the
printer to the first perforation,
press ENTER, and the coyer and

T
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I
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I

i
i

~r
i
i

i
I
i
t
I
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1
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t
i
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i
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1

*The Bciukette*

Kei ran Kenny

PAGE 7.

than 162 the lines will be dealt
evenly over the first five pages
and the remainder will appear on
page six which will only be com-
pletely filled if your text runs
to a full 162 lines. If your text
deals out at less than 27 lines
per paga, it will he centured
vertically on the printed page.

Whan you type in your DATA
lines, remember that any line in
which there is a comma or a colon
must he enclosed in double quotes.
Also you cannot enclose titles in
double quotes in a DATA line. But
you can use the apostrophe instead
if you wish. If you want, to indent
to start a new paragraph, that
line must be enlaced in double
quotes too. Tho three DATA lines
900 to <?20 are the title of the
bookette. Those will oppoor on the
cover centered vertically and
hori zontal 1 y ,

There art* 23 DATA lines ««t the
end fcf this listing, so lot's u>»e
then to see how the progr am works.

View A

View B

View A shows the front side of the printed paper (which is printed first) and View
put the booklet together, first cut the paper horizontally across the middle (solid line
together, fold vertically (across the dotted lines) so that the pages are in order and
in the middle,

B shows the backside. To
). Then, put the two halves
the bookl et togethe r

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of the paper, the printer prints the page
numbers and all the text for pages three
and four. :| |

Once this is complete, you will be
prompted to turn the paper over, so you
may begin printing on the other side.
Turn off the printer and remove that
sheet as well as one blank sheet on either
side of it. Turn these sheets over so that
the printed side will face up. Feed in the
leading blank page and align the paper.
Press ENTER. The cover page will be
printed on the first half of the sheet, and
pages two and five will be printed at the
bottom. You will then be asked if you
want to print more booklets.

Here you have an opportunity to
correct any errors before continuing the
printing. Tear off the printed sheet and
check the pages for errors. Each line is
M an array labeled A(T), with each
array numbered sequentially. Thus, if
you have 10 lines per page, and the third
line from the top on Page 5 has a
spelling error, the error is in Array
fi$(43}i Press BREAK, to be placed in

the direct mode. Type ?fi$(43) and
press ENTER. The line will appear on the
screen. To correct it, enter this:

R$ ( 43 )=" corrected text

The three cover lines are labeled C$ ( l)
to C$(3), and they can be corrected in
the same way. When you have finished
your corrections, enter GQTQ710. This
returns you to the earlier prompt.

Before you print another booklet,
check the one you have finished. Re-
move the side strips from the printed
sheet and cut the paper in half between
pages one and six, and pages three and
four. Then fold each half-sheet in half
again, and check to see if the left mar-
gins of pages one and six are equal.
Although there is no way to change the
margins in the program, you can move
your paper farther to the right or left to
correct such problems.

To make your booklet, lay your two
sheets of paper on top of each other with
pages three and four on top and facing

up. Fold the two sheets together so that
the cover and a blank page are on the
outside of the booklet. You can then
bind the booklet by stapling the two
sheets together. (See Figure 1;)

Return to the program. Line 710 is
still waiting for you to enter the number
of copies you want printed. So now, as
before, line up your paper and then
enter the number of copies you want.
The printer will print the appropriate
number of pages one and six, and three
and four. It will then prompt you to
remove the paper and turn it over as you

At the end of this series of copies, the
program will ask if you would like to
print additional copies. In this way, you
can continue making corrections or
modifications to your booklet until you
are satisfied with the work.

(Questions or comments about this
program may be directed to the author
at 2/45 Cremorne Rd. f Cremorne
N.S. W., Australia 2090. Please include
an SA SE when requesting a reply.) □

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 23

The listing: BOOKLET

0 1 BOOKLET 1 by Keiran Kenny,

Sydney, 1988.
10 CLS
20 GOTO800

30 PRINT@104,CHR$(34)+"THE BOOKL

ET"+CHR$ (34)

40 PRINT@174,"BY"

50 PRINT@233, "KEIRAN KENNY"

60 PRINT@328 , "PRESS ANY KEY. "

70 K$=INKEY$ : IFK$=" "THEN70ELSECL

80 POKE150,18 '2400 BAUD
90 CLEAR5508
100 DIMA$(162)

110 PRINT@225,"";:INPUT"LINES PE

R PAGE (MAX. 27) :";LP

120 IFLP>27THENCLS:GOTO110

130 LF=INT (ABS ( (LP-27 ) /2 ) )

140 CLS:PN=1

150 P=32:PP=0

160 FORT=lTOLP*6

170 LN=LN+1 : PRINTOPP , "TYPE PAGE"
PN;CHR$(8)", LINE"LN
180 PRINT@P+34,"]"
190 PRINT§P, "" ; :LINEINPUTA$ (T)
200 IFA$(T)=CHR$(95)THENFORT=T T
OLP* 6 : A$ (T) =" " : NEXT : GOT02 7 0
210 IFLEN (A$ (T) ) >34THENPRINT"T00
LONG 1 TYPE LINE"LN"AGAIN. ":PRIN
T@P,STRING$(LEN(A$(T) ) ,32) : PRINT
@P+34, "] ":GOTO190
220 PRINT

230 P=P+9 6:PP=PP+96
240 IFLN=LP THENPN=PN+1:LN=0
2 50 IFPP>=4 8 0THENCLS : P=3 2 : PP=0
260 NEXT

270 CLS:PRINT"TYPE 3 LINES FOR C

OVER . "

280 P=64

290 F0RX=1T03

300 PRINT@P,"LINE"X

310 LINEINPUTC$ (X)

320 IFLEN (C$ (X) )>34THENCLS: PRINT
"LINE"X"TOO LONG!":PRINT@P, M "; :G
OTO310
330 P=P+9 6
340 NEXT

350 CLS: PRINTS 2 2 4, "PRINTER READY
? HOW MANY COPIES DO YOU WANT T
0 PRINT" ; : INPUTNC

360 CLS: PRINTS 2 2 4, "PRINTING PAGE

S 1 & 6 AND 3 & 4"

370 FORCC=lTONC

380 F0RNR=1T02

390 IFNR=1THENQ=1:PX=1:PZ=6

400 IFNR=2THENQ=LP*2+1:PX=3 : PZ=4

410 PRINT#-2 : PRINT#-2 , TAB ( 3 ) "PAG

E"PX;TAB(72) "PAGE"PZ

420 PRINT#-2

430 IFLP<27THENF0RX=1T0LF:PRINT#
-2: NEXT

440 FORT=Q TOQ+LP-1

4 50 IFNR=1THENM=T+LP*5
460 I FNR= 2 THE NM=T+ LP

470 PRINT#-2 , TAB (3 ) A$ (T) TAB (46) A
$(M)

480 NEXT

490 FORX=1TO30-(LF+LP) :PRINT#-2:
NEXT

500 NEXTNR
510 NEXTCC

520 CLS: PRINTS 128, "REVERSE PAPER

. PRINTER READY? PRESS <ENTER>
it

530 K$=INKEY$:IFK$<>CHR$(13)THEN
530

540 CLS : PRINT@224 , "PRINTING COVE

R AND PAGES 2 & 5."

550 FORCC=lTONC

560 FORX=1TO10:PRINT#-2:NEXT

570 F0RX=1T03

580 PRINT#-2,TAB(63-LEN(C$(X) )/2
) C$ (X)

590 F0RZ=1T05:PRINT#-2:NEXT
600 NEXT

610 F0RX=1T06:PRINT#-2:NEXT

620 Q=LP*4+1:PX=5:PZ=2

630 PRINT#-2,TAB(3) " PAGE " PX ; TAB (

72) "PAGE"PZ:PRINT#-2

640 IFLP<27THENF0RX=1T0LF:PRINT#

-2: NEXT

650 FORT=Q TO Q+LP-1
660 M=T-LP*3

670 PRINT#-2,TAB(3)A$(T)TAB(46)A
$(M)

680 NEXTT

690 FORX=1TO30-(LF+LP) :PRINT#-2:
NEXT

700 NEXTCC :TC=TC+NC
710 CLS : PRINT@64 , "COPIES PRINTED
="TC: PRINT: PRINT" DO YOU WANT MO
RE? Y/N"

720 PRINT: PRINT" (TO CORRECT LINE

5 PRESS <BREAK>) 11

730 K$=INKEY$:IFK$=""THEN730
740 IFK$="Y" ORK$= " y " THENNR=0 : GOT
0770

750 IFK$="N"ORK$="n"THENCLS : END
760 GOTO730

770 PRINT@192:PRINT@192,"HOW MAN
Y MORE"; : INPUTNC

780 PRINT: PRINT "PRINTER READY? P
RESS <ENTER>."

790 K$=INKEY$:IFK$OCHR$(13)THEN
790ELSE360

800 PMODE0,1:PCLEAR1:GOTO30

24 THE RAINBOW January 1 339

VIP Writer III 2.0

4 95 K Total Text Space » EASY 4 Color MENUS

"In the beginning there was VIP Writer and users saw that it was good, But it's not the best anymore. There's a
new word processor to claim the crown. ..VIP Writer III -Setting the Standard" -RAINBOW Sept, 1988

MORE SCREEN DISPLAY OPTIONS

VIP Writer III offers screen widths of 32, 40, 64 & 80 - all with 24 lines and actual lower
case letters using the CoCo 3's hardware display. It runs at double clock speed and has 4-
color menus making VIP Writer III FAST and EASY to use! You can choose foreground,
background, hilite and cursor colors from up to 64 hues. Color can be turned ON or OFF
for the best possible display using a monochrome monitor or TV set. VIP Writer III has a
context sensitive help facility to display command usage in easy to read colored windows.

CUSTOMIZE!* & PRINTER INSTALLER

VIP Writer III comes with a configuration / printer installation program which lets you
customize VIP Writer III to suit your own liking. You can set screen width and colors as well
as margins and more. You can also install your own printer and set interface type (serial,
parallel or J&M), baud rate, line feeds, etc. Once done, you never have to enter these
parameters again! VIP Writer III will load n' go wilh your custom configuration every time!

MORE TOTAL TEXT STORAGE

VIP Writer III has 106K total text storage in a 128K CoCo 3 (495K in 51 2K). VIP Writer
III creates ASCII text files which are compatible with all other VIP Programs as well as
other programs which use ASCII files. You can use VIP Writer 111 to even type BASIC
programs! There is a 48K text buffer (438K in a 51 2K CoCo 3) and disk file linking
allowing virtually unlimited text space. VIP Writer III works with up to four disk drives and
Sets you display directories and free space as well as rename or kill disk files. In addition
VIP Writer III is 100% compatible with the RGB Computer Systems Hard Disk.

POWERFUL EDITING FEATURES

VIP Writer III has a full featured screen editor which can be used to edit text with lines up
to 240 characters long with or without automatic word wrap around. You can select
type-over mode or insert mode. There is even an OOPS command to recall a cleared text
buffer. Other editing features include: Type-ahead • typamatic key repeat and key beep
for flawless text entry • end of line bell • full four way cursor control with scrolling • top
of textfite • bottom of textfile • page up • page down • top of screen • bottom of screen •
beginning of line • end of line • left one word • right one word • DELETE character, to
beginning or end of line, word to the left or right, or entire line • INSERT character or line
• LOCATE and/or CHANGE or DELETE single or multiple occurrence using wildcards •
BLOCK copy, move or delete with up to TEN simultaneous block manipulations • TAB key
and programmable tab stops • word count • line restore • three PROGRAMMABLE
FUNCTIONS to perform tasks such as auto column creation and multiple copy printing.

AUTOMATIC TEXT FORMATTING

VIP Writer HI automatically formats your text for you or allows you to format your text in
any way you wish. You can change the top, bottom, left or right margin and page length.
You can set your text flush left, center or flush right, you can turn right hand
justification on or off. You can have headers, footers, page numbers and TWO auxiliary
lines which can appear on odd, even or all pages. You can also select the line on which they
appear! You can even change the line spacing! Parameters can be altered ANYWHERE I

PREVIEW PRINT FORMAT WINDOW

VIP Writer III features an exclusive format window which allows you to preview your
document BEFORE PRINTING IT! You are able to move up, down, left and right to see
centered and justified text, margins, page breaks, broken paragraphs, orphan lines etc.

PRINTING VERSATILITY

VIP Writer III prints TWICE as fast as any other CoCo word processor! It supports most
serial or parallel printers using J&M JFD-CP or Rainbow interface and gives you the
ability to select baud rates from 110 to 19,200. You can imbed printer control codes
anywhere in your text file EVEN WITHIN JUSTIFIED TEXT! VIP Writer III also has
TWENTY programmable printer macros which allow you to easily control all of your
printers capabilities such as bold, underline, italics and superscript using simple key
strokes. Other features include: multiple copy printing • single sheet pause • line feeds.

BUILT IN PRINT SPOOLING

VIP Writer III has a print spooler with a 57,000 character buffer which allows you to print
one document WHILE you are editing another. You don't have to wait until your printer is
done before starting another job! Some word processors DO NOT include this feature!

50,000 WORD SPELLING CHECKER

VIP Writer III includes VIP Speller (not FREEWARE) to check your text for misspelled
words It has a 50,000 (not 20,000) word dictionary that can be added to or edited.

QUALITY DOCUMENTATION

VIP Writer III comes with a well written 125 page manual which is Laser printed, not dot-
matrix like the competition. It includes a tutorial, glossary of terms and examples for the
beginner as well as a complete index! VIP Writer III is truly the BEST you can buy.

VIP Writer III includes VIP Speller 1 .1. DISK $79.95

Available thru Radio Shack Express Order Cat. #900-0908

Writer III or Library /W owners: Upgrade to the VIP Writer
2.0 for $1 0 + $3 S/H. Send ORIGINAL disk and $13 total.

VIP Writer owners: Upgrade to the VIP Writer III 2.0 for
$49.95 + $3 S/H. Send ORIGINAL disk and $52.95 total.

VIP Database III

DATABASE • MATH PACKAGE • MAILMERGE

VIP Database ill features selectable screen displays of 40, 64 or 80 characters by 24
lines with choice of 64 foreground, background, hilite and cursor colors for EASY DATA
ENTRY. It uses the CoCo 3's hardware screen and double clock speed to be the
FASTEST database available! VIP Database III will handle as many records as will fit on
your disks and is structured in a simple and easy to understand menu system with full
prompting for easy operation. Your data is stored in records of your own design. All files
are fully indexed for speed and efficiency. IN-MEMORY SORT of records is LIGHTNING
FAST and provides lor easy listing of names, figures, addresses, etc., in ascending or
descending alphabetical or numeric order. Records can be searched for specific entries
using multiple search criteria. The built-in mail-merge lets you sort and print mailing lists,
print form letters, address envelopes - the list is endless. The built-in MATH PACKAGE
even performs arithmetic operations and updates other fields. VIP Database III also has a
print spooler and report generator which uses print forms you create. DISK $69.95

VIP Database owners: Upgrade to the VIP Database III for
$39.95 + $3 S/H. Send ORIGINAL disk and $42,95 total.

VIP Library /WDCE

The VIP Library /WDCE combines all six popular VIP application programs -
VIP Database III, VIP Writer III, VIP Speller, VIP Calc III, VIP Terminal and VIP
Disk-ZAP - into one program on one disk! The program is called VIP Desktop.
From the desktop you have instant access to word processing with a spelling
checker always in attendance, data management with mail merge, spreadsheet
financial analysis, telecommunications and disk maintenance. * DISK $1 79.95
For VIP Library shipping please add $4 USA. $5 Canada. $10 Foreign.

VIP Library owners: Upgrade to the VIP Library /WDCE for
$99.95* + $3 S/H. Send ORIGINAL disk and $102.95 total.

VIP Calc III

FAST 4 color POPUP menus • PRINT SPOOLER
32, 40, 64 and 80 Column HARDWARE display
Runs VERY FAST at double clock speed!

Now every CoCo 3 owner has access to a calculating and planning tool
better than VisiCalc™, containing all its features and commands and
then some. VIP Calc III allows a large worksheet with up to 512 columns
by 1024 rows! In addition, VIP Calc III has up to 16 windows which allow
you to compare and contrast results of changes. Other features include
trig, functions • averaging • algebraic functions • column and row
ascending and descending SORTS • locate formulas or titles in cells •
block move and replicate ■ global or local column width • limitless
programmable functions • works with ANY printer. Embed printer
control codes for customized printing. Combine spreadsheet data with
VIP Writer documents to create ledgers, projections, statistical and
financial budgets and reports. DISK $69.95

VIP Calc owners: Upgrade to the VIP Calc 111 for $29.95 +
$3 S/H. Send ORIGINAL disk and $32.95 total.

AW products run under RSDOS and are not copy protected.

VISA*

SID ]EoQii(gir[pir3s(gs

* Future VIP Library upgrades available at reduced cost.

;(5Q3) 663-2865 J^POB 1233 Gresham. OR 97030

Non VIP Library orders add $3 tor shipping and handling in USA. Canada $4. Foreign
$6. COD orders add an additional $2.25. Checks allow 3 weeks for delivery. All other
orders are shipped the same day.

1st Prize CoCo 3

Dragon
Eric Leblanc

The graphic scene was created with CoCo
Max III. A member of the CoCo group La
Connection Cave, Eric lives in Repentigy,
Quebec. He is 16 years old and plans to
become a programmer.

3rd Prize

Mountain
Filipe Mateus

The impressionistic view of a mountain was
created with CoCo Max III. Filipe, of St.
Hubert, Quebec, studies computer science
and loves to draw using his CoCo 3.

THE RAINBOW January 1989

• ft

V WJ

2nd Prize

Space Tavern
Hal Katschke

SHOWCASE YOUR BEST! You are

invited to nominate original work for
inclusion in upcoming showings of
"CoCo Gallery." Share your creations
with the CoCo Community! Be sure to
send a cover letter with your name,
address and phone number, detailing
how you created your picture (what
programs you used, etc.) and how to
display it. Also please include a few
facts about yourself.

Don't send us anything owned by
someone else; this means no game
screens, digitized images from TV
programs or material that's already
been submitted elsewhere. A digitized
copy of a picture that appears in a book
or magazine is not an original work.

We will forward two first prizes of
$25, one for the CoCo 3 and one for the
CoCo 1 and 2; one second prize of $15
and one third prize of $10. Honorable
Mentions may also be given.

Please send you r entry on either tape
or disk to the CoCo Gallery, THE RAIN-
BOW, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY
40059, Remember, this is a contest and
your entry will not be returned.

— Tony Olive, Curator

Hal produced this alien bar scene using Color Max 3
Deluxe. Hal resides in Frankfort, Illinois.

Honorable Mention

Dream State
Richard Perreault

Is this a dream or a nightmare? Richard
uses Color Max 3 and enjoys refining the
detail in his art. He is 21 , lives in Boucher-
ville, Quebec, and presently works for a
telecommunications firm.

' <iP - » , ■

1st Prize CoCo 1 & 2

Southern Belle
Troy Graham

Troy is sixteen years old. He produced
this picture on a CoCo 2 using CoCo
Max II. Troy lives in Arnold, Maryland.

« n n w |i n ^pi ^ 'n. ..i i. w i nn i « iii .«j).i i . i i ii ' »n i iy"," i "^jfyMi !ii . » ji

F j*n »t •» ** <m. tm *»■ •* m> tf* ««i **. i

(we w m. . ~ m M> a* W *» -w,

r *4 W^W* «* *M^_#IW »*

I Uft «*> N» W _ **» _ _ *» *»*' I

0M W H" #*. » *f •#» **

W <Mt <U aM 4* «MT a* ** «tt- <*» J* «W •»

» ¥■« "W 4m 4» JM !■•-«■* «M •* *» «) <*k *M •*». J

P& 4r •* M M* «M t»M*MiaV--«'.*«><4M4fw«M*»*
^* ■» i J« aj*'" l »M* l, '«a> , *'.aa.'"*

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 27

Use these graphics programs to create
brilliant pictures

By Bill Beraieo

A few years ago, there was a toy on
the market that let a person
►insert tiny colored bulbs into a
lighted grid. The bulbs were placed in
the grid to form a picture or design. As
they were inserted, the bulbs lit up. My
program, Building Blocks, uses your
computer screen to simulate that idea^
There are two versions of the pro-
gram: BLQCK3 for the CoCo 3 and
BLDCK2 for the CoCo 1 and 2. The main
differences between the two versions are
the available colors and the size of the
squares. The CoCo 3 versions are the
available colors and the size of the
squares. The CoCo 3 version allows 16
colors and has a grid with four-by-four-
pixel squares. The red and blue colors
are artificated. In other words, I had to
use POKE 178, 1 for red and POKE 17B, 2
for blue. Granted, the colors for the
CoCo2 are limited, but you can still
produce some nice pictures.

Program operation is simple. The
screen is filled with tiny squares, each
four-by-four pixels on the CoCo 3 and
each five-by-five pixels on the CoCo 1
and 2. There are over one thousand of
these squares on the screen. Move to
any of these squares using the arrow
keys. If you move off the left side of the
screen, you'll reappear on the right and
vice versa. The same wrap-around

Bill Bernico is the author of over 200
Color Computer programs and is a
frequent RAINBOW contributor whose
hobbies include golf writing music and
programming. Bill is a drummer in a
rock band and lives in Sheboygan,
Wisconsin.

28 THE RAINBOW January 1989

Telewriter-128

the Color Computer 3 Word Processor

TELEWRITER: UNDISPUTED #1

If you've read the other word processor ads,
you've probably had your fill of cold lists of
features, and claims of ultimate speed, power,
and ease of use. So let's try to get past the
overblown claims and empty buzz words— with 2
simple facts:

Fact 1: Telewriter is undisputedly the #1 most
popular word processor on the Tandy Color
Computers.

Fact 2: Telewriter's exemplary ease of use and
power have been acclaimed in numerous maga-
zine reviews and in thousands of letters and calls
from end users.

THE OTHERS DON'T UNDERSTAND

So why has Telewriter gained such a large and
loyal following, while other Color Computer
word processors have come and gone? Ironically,
our competitors' ads tell you exactly why.

For them, word processing is nothing more than
features and numbers. The longer the list of
features, and the bigger the numbers, the better
the word processor. Or so they think.

They just don't understand that power and ease of
use are not gained by tacking on random features
or throwing in freebie utilities or forcing you to
use a cumbersome mouse.

Real Power, true Ease of Use, and genuine Speed
can only be attained through thoughtful, logical,
intelligent design, attention to detail, and a com-
mitment to the act and the art of writing. That's
the Telewriter tradition, and that's the reason for
Telewriter's phenomenal success.

TELEWRITER— 128: INTELLIGENT
DESIGN PERFECTED

And now, Telewriter-128, the latest Telewriter,
uses the added hardware power of the Color
Computer 3 to bring this intelligent design to its
logical perfection.

Telewriter-128 adds unsurpassed speed and
important new features to the already impressive
arsenal of Telewriter-64. Not just speed for
speed's sake, or features for the sake of
advertising— but speed where it counts and fea-
tures that make you a more efficient, more effec-
tive writer.

Rainbow magazine put it this way: "Tele-
writer-128 will set the word processing standard
for the Color Computer 3 because it is so simple
and user friendly. . . . The 81-page tutorial/user's
manual is nicely done. It is written in easy to
understand language but the program itself is so
easy. . . . Most people will be able to use the
software right out of the package."

TELEWRITER-128 OR DESKTOP
PUBLISHING

Desktop publishing is nice for adding pictures
and fancy fonts to newsletters or business
presentations— but its graphics orientation sacri-
fices some important capabilities when it comes to
working with words.

If your main concern is expressing ideas through
words (notes, letters, reports, papers, novels,
etc.), the dedicated word processing power of
Telewriter-128 still provides the most efficient tool
for the job. Each tool has its place— desktop
publishing for striking visuals, Telewriter-128, for
effective writing.

TELEWRITER-l 28 OR TELEWRITER-64

You can no longer afford to be without the ease,
power, and efficiency, that Telewriter brings to
everything you write.

Telewriter-128 for the Color Computer 3 costs
$79.95 on disk, $69.95 on cassette.

For the Color Computer 1&2, Telewriter-64 costs
$59.95 on disk, $49.95 on cassette.

To order by MasterCard or Visa,

call (619) 755-1258 anytime, or send check to:

COGNITEC

704 Nob Avenue
Del Mar, CA 92014

(Add $2 S&H. Californians add 6% tax. To upgrade
from TW-64 to TW-128 send original TW-64 disk and
$41.95.)

Telewriter is also available through your nearby
Radio Shack Computer Center and participating
Radio Shack stores and dealers— or order direct
from Express Order by dialing 1-800-321-3133.

Ask for: Telewriter-128 (disk) ... cat #90-0909

Telewriter-64 (disk) cat #90-0254

Telewriter-64 (cass) cat #90-0253

FEATURES THAT MATTER: Telewriter's out-
standing design and its complete set of features, put
it in a class by itself, for smooth, efficient writing
and letter perfect printed documents. Telewriter-128
includes:

Unbeatable SCREEN PERFORMANCE: lightning
fast paging and scrolling, on-screen text that never
lags behind your typing, and a response that is
always instantaneous, no matter how much text is in
the buffer, or where you are in the document.

26 User definable MACRO KEYS type your often
used phrases and titles with a single keypress— saving
you time and freeing your concentration for writing.
User settable DUAL SPEED CURSOR moves you
anywhere on the line, on the page, or in the docu-
ment, fast or slow— you decide, with the touch of a
finger. Fast PRINT PREVIEW MODE shows you
text as it will print: headers, footers, margins, page
breaks, page numbers, justification— saves time and
paper and guarantees perfect looking documents
everytime.

Instant, ON-LINE HELP summarizes all Tele-
writer-128 commands and special symbols. The On-
line OPTIONS MENU lets you instantly customize
the writing environment at any time to suit your
precise needs (Screen/character color, Monochrome
on/off, Key repeat/delay rate, 2 Cursor repeat/delay
rates, Case-sensitivity of search, Auto file backup
on/off, and more). A SINGLE FUNCTION KEY
takes you instantly to any menu, so you never have
to stop and think.

The 24, 25 or 28 LINE SCREEN DISPLAY option
lets you see 16% more on-screen text (28), or wider
line spacing (25). The auto-loading OPTIONS FILE
stores all your Macros, Print Format settings, and
Options Menu settings, so they are always there
everytime you run Telewriter-128. 3 pop-up STATUS
WINDOWS tell you cursor position, word count,

free space, etc.

The QUICK SAVE feature lets you instantly save
your current document with just 2 keystrokes and
without leaving the editor. CURSOR THROUGH
DIRECTORY to Load, Append, Rename and Kill
files— so you'll never type a filename after the first
time. HANGING INDENTS help you organize ideas
on the page more effectively. Also: Footers, Multiple
Print, Print to Disk, Key Click, Key Repeat, 40/80
Column Option, Overstrike, Word Delete, Nested
Macros, Definable Foreign and Math Symbols and
more. . . .

And, of course, Telewriter-128 incorporates all the
Features of TELEWRITER-64, like: Works with
absolutely any printer that works with your Color
Computer (1, 2, or 3). Uses simple Embedded Con-
trol Codes so all intelligent features of your printer
are easily accessed, including: Underlining,
Boldface, variable Fonts, Sub-script, Super-script,
Italics etc.

Format commands allow dynamically changing
Margins, Headers, Spacing, Centering, etc., any-
where in the document. Format menu sets Margins,
Spacing, Page numbering, Baud rate, Lines per
page, Justification. Chain Printing means the size of
your printed document is unlimited. Also Single
page and Partial Print.

Fast full-screen editor with wordwrap, text align-
ment, block copy/move/delete, global search and
replace, wild card search, fast 4-way auto-repeat
cursor, fast scrolling, forward and backward paging,
settable tabs, word and line counter, full error pro-
tection. Insert or delete anywhere on screen. Simple,
easy to remember, "mnemonic" Editor Commands.
Load, Save, Append, Partial Save files to disk or
cassette. Kill, rename and list disk files. ASCII file
compatibility.

feature applies to top and bottom
movement, too.

Once you've moved to the square of
your choice, you can paint it any of
sixteen colors on the CoCo 3 and four
colors on the CoCo 1 and 2. Painting
enough of these squares will produce a
picture or design. On the CoCo 3 you
paint by pressing the number keys (0
through 9) and the first six keys of the
bottom row (Z through N). Keys zero
through eight will give you the standard
color values: 0 is green, 1 is yellow, 2 is
blue,etc. I've assigned gray as Key 9's
color value. Tve also selected custom
colors for keys Z through N. You can
change these by substituting different
values in the PRLETTE statements. On
the CoCo 1 and 2, painting is done by
pressing 1 for red, 2 for blue and 3 for
black. To obtain a white square, simply
leave it unpainted.

Even when a square has been painted,
you can paint over it by pressing a new
color key. There is no need to erase that

square first and repaint. The only
exception to this rule is when a square
is painted black. Then you'll have to
press E to erase the black before you can
paint the block another color.

The other command keys are Q to
quit and R to restart. Quit means just
that — you'll exit the program by
selecting Q. Pressing R will wipe the
screen clean and give you a chance to
start over with a new creation. If you
press either of these keys, you'll be
asked if you're sure you want to select
that key, so that you won't accidentally
destroy a lot of work. Simply press Y
for yes or N for no.

Pressing E will erase only the square
that the cursor is on at the time. Pressing
S will save your picture to disk, and L
will load a picture from disk. These two
options also have a safety feature built
in. If you accidentally press S, L, Q or
R you'll get a chance to verify (by
pressing Y for yes or N for no) whether
or not you're ready for that step. You

wouldn't want to lose a lot of work
before you're done.

RAINBOW ON DISK subscribers can
load either of the two sample picture
files provided. When you press L, you'll
be asked for a filename. There is no need
to enter the extension. 5AMPLE1 is the
sample file for BL0CKS3 while SAMPLE2
works with BL0CKS2.

The keys to Building Blocks are
patience and a little artistic talent. I
have the former, but lack the latter (as
you can probably tell by the sample
picture). If an untalented artist like me
can create colorful pictures, imagine
what you can do. Anyone who wants to
send me a copy of the pictures he or she
creates with this program is welcome to
do so. I'd love to see what you can do.

(Questions or comments about these
programs can be directed to the author
at 708 Michigan Ave., Sheboygan, WI
53081. Please include an SASE when
requesting a reply.) □

Listing 1: BL0CKS3

10 'BUILDING BLOCKS 3 (C) 1988
FROM BILL BERNICO SOFTWARE

GRAPHICS SAVE/ LOAD ROUTINE
COURTESY OF LARRY BOELDT

LOADS FILES WITH /BB3 EXT

2 0 RGB : A$="U4R4D4L4 " : H=j3 : V=4 : HSC
REEN2 : HCLS4 : HCOLOR8 , 4 : ONBRKGOT03
3J3

3 0 PALETTE 7 ,52: PALETTE 9 ,56: PALET
TE1J3 , 3 2 : PALETTE 11 , 2J3 : PALETTE 12 , 4
0 : PALETTE 13 , 12 : PALETTE14 , 60 : PALE
TTE15 , 48 : P0KE&HE6 , 2 : POKE&HE6C6 , 1
8:POKE&HE6C7,18
4J3 GOSUB48j3:GOSUB49j3
10 HDRAW" BM=H ; , =V ; C4 "+A$ : HDRAW
M=H; ,=V;C8"+A$
8j3 I$=INKEY$

9j3 IF I$=CHR$(8)THEN H=H-4
1J3J3 IF H<j3 THEN H=312
lip IF I$=CHR$(9)THEN H=H+4
12)3 IF H>312 THEN H=J3
13J3 IF I$=CHR$(lj3)THEN V=V+4
14)3 IF V>156 THEN V=4
15J3 IF I$=CHR$(94)THEN V=V-4
16J3 IF V<4 THEN V=156
17 fi IF I$="Z"THEN HPAINT (H+2
),10,8

18/21 IF I$="X"THEN HPAINT (H+2
),11,8

V-2

19J3 IF I$="C ,, THEN HPAINT (H+2 , V-2
),12,8

2J3J3 IF I$="V"THEN HPAINT (H+2 , V-2
) ,13,8

21J3 IF I $= 11 B 11 THEN HPAINT (H+2 , V-2
) ,14,8

22J3 IF I$="N"THEN HPAINT (H+2 , V-2
),15,8

23J3 IFI$>"/"AND I$<":"THEN P=VAL
(1$) : HPAINT (H+2, V-2) ,P,8
24J3 IF I$="E"THEN 32j3
25J3 IF I$="R"THEN HCOLOR8 : HPRINT
(23,23) , "Hit R to restart" :HCOLO
R9 : HPRINT (23, 23 ), "RESTART?? (Y/N
) " : F0RX=1T09 : SOUND19 1 , 1 : NEXT
26J3 IF I$="R"THENX$=INKEY$:IFX$=
" Y " THEN 2 J3 E LS E I FX $ = " N " THENHCO LOR8
: HPRINT (23, 23) , "RESTART?? (Y/N) 11
:G0T06J3ELSE2 6J3

27J3 IF I$="Q"THEN HCOLOR8 : HPRINT
(23,21) , "Hit Q to quit":HCOLOR9:
HPRINT (23,21)," QUIT? ? ( Y/N) " : FOR
X=1T09 : SOUND19 1 , 1 : NEXT
28j3 IF I$="Q"THENX$=INKEY$:IFX$=
"Y"THEN3 3j3ELSEIFX$="N"THENHCOLOR
8:HPRINT(23,21) , "QUIT?? (Y/N) " :G
OT06j3ELSE28j3

290 IF I$="S"THEN WIDTH4J3 : G0T034
J3

30J3 IF I$="L"THEN WIDTH40 : GOT042
0

210 GOTO 10

320 HLINE(H,V)-(H+4,V-4) , PRESET,
BF : HDRAW" BM=H ; , =V ; C4 "+A$ : HDRAW" B
M=H; ,=V;C8"+A$:GOTO 80

30 THE RAINBOW January 1989

330 POKE65496,0:WIDTH32:CLS:RGB:
END

340 INPUT "NAME" ;N$
350 HSCREEN2
360 POKE65497 / 0

370 PT=3584:FOR Y=2 TO 158 STEP
4

3 80 FORX=2 TO 318 STEP 4

390 Z=HPOINT (X, Y) :POKE PT,Z:PT=P

T+l

400 NEXTX,Y:POKE65496,j3:SAVEM N$
+".BB3", 3584, 6784 ,4453 7
410 GOTO 80

420 INPUT"NAME" ;N$ : LOADM N$+".BB
3":PT=3584

430 HSCREEN2:POKE65497 / 0:HLINE(0

,J8)-(315,156) , PRESET ,BF:GOSUB4 80

440 FOR Y=2 TO 158 STEP 4

450 FOR X=2 TO 318 STEP 4

460 HPAINT(X,Y) ,PEEK(PT) ,8:PT=PT

+1:NEXT X, Y:POKE65496,0

470 GOTO80

480 FORX=0TO156STEP4:HLINE(0 / X)-
( 3 15 , X) , PSET : NEXTX : FORX=0TO3 16ST
EP4 :HLINE (X,0) - (X, 156) , PSET: NEXT
X : RETURN

490 HPAINT(318,1) , 8 , 8 : HCOLORJ3 : HP
RINT(0,20) ,"Hit L to load":HCOLO
R6:HPRINT(23 ; 20) , "Hit S to save"

:HCOLOR2:HPRINT(0,21) , "Move with
arrow keys" : HCOLOR1 : HPRINT (0,22
), "Paint with keys (0-8) " :HPRINT
(0,23), "OR row one (keys Z-N) "
500 HCOLOR3:HPRINT(23,21) , "Hit Q
to quit" :HCOLOR4: HPRINT (23, 22 ) ,
"Hit E to erase" :HCOLOR5 : HPRINT (
23, 23), "Hit R to restart": RETURN

y 120

120

145

290

410

109

620

800

END

...224

Listing 2: BLDCK52

10 'BUILDING BLOCKS (FOR COCO 2)
(C) 1988 FROM
BILL BERNICO SOFTWARE

RAINBOW

Cf PTlllCATION

For
Your
CoCo

IgmardtfsPcnciC 1, 2, & 3

(Reviewed in Oct. 87 RAINBOW) Makes programming sensa-
tional-looking graphics as easy as moving a joystick! Converts
precision drawings into "DRAW" commands which can be stand-
alone BASIC programs or merged into other programs. Also
includes "DEMO" and "PAINT" programs. Requires a spring-
centered joystick or touch-pad. 32k ECB tape or disk $14.95

? ENIGMA?

Transform your computer into an ultra-secret code machine cap-
able of enciphering and deciphering in over 12 million virtually
unbreakable codes! (not simple substitution codes). Print hard
copy or store & retrieve coded data on tape or disk. Only the per-
son who has the password can read it! 32k ECB tape or disk $12.95

Just answer the prompts & type your message; "EZ WRITER" will
put it into perfect letter form and send it to your DMP or DWP.
Professional-quality, 1 to 4 page letters every time! Do one letter
or multiple copies for "personalized" mailings. Saves letters and
mailing lists. Even does labels. Menu-driven. Undoubtedly the
EZ-est letter writing system available! Free sample on request!
32k ECB tape or disk $19.95

FOUR superior educational ■"games 1 ': RACEWAY", "GO TO THE
TOP" (multiplication tables drill), "WORD PROBLEMS", & "PYRA-
MID". Covers addition, subtraction, multiplication, & division.
Different levels of difficulty. Exciting graphics & sounds. EZ and
fun! 32k ECB tape or disk $19.95

Probably the most exciting typing tutor available for your CoCo.
You are the commander of. a space ship & it's your job to shoot
down alien letters & words as they speed toward you & attack your
spaceship. Exciting Hi-Res action! 32k ECB tape or disk $24.95

E.Z. FRIENDLY SOFTWARE

118 CORLIES AVE. • POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12601 • (914) 485-8150
(Add $1.50 s/h to all orders. NY residents add state sales tax.)

.^VV VVVN V\ V NX \ S \ \ X N N N SWA XNNSXNXNNX \ V N-N

@lS(fillF5^@ TO by Vidicom Corp

a ramdisk

that doesn't forget! Fully
Static, batterg backed CITlos
ram makes SolidDrive™
ready to use instantly. You
can forget formatting and
copying mork files to
ramdisk then copying back
your changes to floppy. You
can forget fear of poiuer
failures. The instant poiuer
loss occurs, !®Ha(°lE)s s ift7@ 1M
write-protecls itself and
your valuable work.
IeMM^s™ yives you
state-of-the-art surface
mount technology. Thafs
why tue have the best
guarantee in the industry -
Two years limited repair or
replacement! i®3afflfffl^© M
is compatible roith ITlulli-
Pak® and comes complete
with GS9® Level 1 or IS
device driver, formatter and self-test software, available in 512K
and 1 megabyte versions. Factory upgrades available for 512K
version. RSDos Driver now available, treats Mflfflffito©™ as 3 or 6

SSSD RS devices (4-6.4-9), Disk
loaded version free on request!
27C64 EProm version $19.00

IsMM^©" is the fastest , most
reliable long-term storage available
to the small computer user!

Vid^om Corp 20 £. ITlain St. Suite 710
Ulesa.flZ B5201 (602) 827-0107
Hours m-F 9:00 am - 5:00 pm HIST

by Vidicom Corp

512K (521288 byles) $395.00

1 meg (1.048.576 bytes) $695.00
Please add $4.00 shipping
Arizona Residients add 5.5% Sales tax
Visa masterCard orders welcome

OS9 is the trademark of Microware
Systems Inc and Motorola Inc.
Multi-pak is the trademark of

Tandy Corp.

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 31

20 B$="U5R5D5L5 " : H=0 : V=5 : PM0DE4 ,
1 : SCREEN 1 , 1 : PCLS 1 : COLORS , 1 : GOSUB
410

30 FORX=0TO155STEP5:EINE(0,X)-(2
55, X) ,PSET:NEXTX:FORX=0TO255STEP
5:LINE(X,0)-(X,155) ,PSET:NEXTX
40 DRAW'BMl , 158" : A$="L=LOAD" :GOS
UB1010 : DRAW'BMl, 170" :A$="S=SAVE"
:GOSUB1010 : DRAW'BMl, 182" :A$="Q=Q
UIT" : GOSUB1010 : DRAW"BM70 , 158" : A$
="R=RESTART" : GO SUB 10 10 : DRAW"BM70
, 170" : A$="E=ERASE" : GOSUB1010 : DRA
WBM65, 191NH2NE2U10NG2NF2D5L7NE2
NF2R14NH2NG2L5C1L4R2UD2C0
50 DRAW"BM78,182":A$="=MOVE CURS
OR" : GOSUB1010 : DRAWBM195 , 158" :A$
="1=RED" :GOSUB1010:DRAW"BM195,17
0" :A$="2=BLUE" :GOSUB1010:DRAW"BM
195 , 182 " : A$=" 3=BLACK" : GOSUB1010
60 DRAW"BM=H; , =V;C1"+B$ : DRAW" BM=
H; ,=V;C0"+B$
70 I$=INKEY$

80 IF I$=CHR$(8)THEN H=H-5

90 IF H<0 THEN H=250

100 IF I $=CHR$ ( 9 ) THEN H=H+5

110 IF H>250 THEN H=0

120 IF I$=CHR$(10)THEN V=V+5

130 IF V>155 THEN V=5

140 IF I$=CHR$(94)THEN V=V-5

150 IF V<5 THEN V=155

160 IFI$="l"THENPOKE178 ,1: PAINT (

H+2,V-2) , ,0:POKE178 ; 0

170 IFI$="2"THENPOKE178 , 2 : PAINT (

H+2,V-2) , ,0:POKE178,0

180 IFI$="3"THENPAINT(H+2,V-2) ,0

190 IFI$="E"THEN250

200 I FI $= " R" THENGOSUB3 7 0 : GOTO 3 8 0

2 10 IFI $= " Q " THENGOSUB3 7 0 : GOTO 3 40

220 IFI $=" S "THENGOSUB3 7 0 : GOT02 6 0

230 I FI $= " L" THENGOSUB3 70 : GOT03 0 0

240 GOTO 60

2 50 LINE (H , V) - (H+5 , V-5 ) , PRESET , B

*z A to Z Unlimited

Soflwaro Development Wv.

♦ THE CHEMISTRY TUTOR - $4200 + $3.00 S&H

* IRA ANALYSIS

* BTU ANALYSIS

$17.00 + $3.00 S&H
$27.00 + $3.00 S&H

AtoZ Unlimited 901 Fertidale Blvd.
High Point, NC 27260 (919) 882-6255

F : DRAW" BM=H ; , =V; Cl"+B$ : DRAW"BM=H

; ,=V;C0"+B$:GOTO70

260 LINE(0,169)-(53,180) ,PSET,BF
: DRAWBM3 , 170C1" : A$="SAVE ?" :GOS
UB1010

270 S$=INKEY$ : IFS$="Y"THEN290ELS

EIFS$="N"THEN280ELSE270

280 LINE (0 , 169) - (53, 180) , PRESET ,

BF : DRAW'BMl , 170C0 " : A$="S=SAVE" : G

OSUB1010:GOTO70

290 LINE (0,169) -(53, 180) , PRESET,
BF : DRAW'BMl , 170C0 " : A$="S=SAVE" : G

OSUB1010 : CLS : INPUT "FILENAME" ;N$ :

SCREEN1,1:SAVEMN$, 3584, 9727, 3584
: GOTO 70

300 LINE (0,157) -(53, 168) ,PSET,BF
:DRAW"BM3 , 158C1" : A$="LOAD ?•• :GOS
UB1010

310 L$=INKEY$:IFL$="Y"THEN330ELS

EIFL$="N"THEN3 2 0ELSE3 10

320 LINE(0, 157) -(53,168) , PRESET,

BF: DRAW'BMl , 158C0" : A$="L=LOAD" :G

OSUB1010IGOTO70

330 CLS :INPUT"FILENAME";N$: SCREE

Nl , 1 : LOADMN$ : GOTO70

340 LINE(0,180)-(53,191) ,PSET,BF

: DRAWBM4 , 181C1" : A$="QUIT ?" :GOS

UB1010

3 50 Q$=INKEY$ : IFQ $= " Y " THENCLS : EN

DELSEIFQ$="N"THEN360ELSE350

360 LINE (0,180) -(53, 191) , PRESET,

BF: DRAWBM2 , 182C0" : A$="Q=QUIT" :G

OSUB1010:GOTO70

370 PLAY"O5T60BCBCBCBCBCBCB":RET
URN

380 LINE(68,157)-(150,168) ,PSET,
BF:DRAW"BM70,158C1" : A$="RESTART
?":GOSUB1010

390 Q$=INKEY$:IFQ$="Y"THENRUNELS

EIFQ$="N"THEN400ELSE390

400 LINE(68,157)-(150,168) ,PRESE

T,BF:DRAW'BM70, 158C0" :A$«"R=REST

ART" : GOSUB1010 : GOTO70

410 DIMA$(90) :A$(32)="BR6

420 A$(33)="D5BD3NDBU8BR4

430 A$(34)="DBR2UBR4

440 A$(35)="BD3R7BD3L7R2D2U7BR3D

7BU8BR6

450 A$(36)="BR3D9UL2NHR4EUH2L2H2
ER4FBU2BR4

460 A$(37)="NR2D2R2UBR3G6BR3DR2U
2L2BU6BR6

470 A$(38)="BR4LGDFDLG2DFR2ERNFU

NEH2E2UHBR6

480 A$(39)="DEBR4

490 A$(40)="BR2G2D4F2BU8BR4

500 A$(41)="F2D4G2BU8BR6

510 A$ (42) ="BD2F3NF3NG3NL3NR3E3B

U2BR6

520 A$(43)="BD2D6U3L3R6BU5BR4
530 A$(44)="BD7RGRDGBU10BR5

THE RAINBOW January 1989

540 A$(45
550 A$(46
560 A$(47
570 A$(48
R3

580 A$(49
590 A$(50
6j30 A$(51
U7BR9
610 A$(52
620 A$(53
630 A$(54
R3

640 A$(55
650 A$(56
2HEU2HBR4
660 A$(57
R4

670 A$(58
680 A$(59
690 A$(60
700 A$(61
710 A$(62
720 A$(63
730 A$(64
L2R4NFBR4
740 A$(65
750 A$(66
8

760 A$(67)

="BD5R6BU5BR4
="BD7RGRBU8BR4
="BR6DG6DBU8BR10
="BRNR4GD6NE6FR4EU6BUB

="BR2BD2E2D8L2R4BU8BR3

■"BDER4FDG6R6BU8BR3

="BDER4FD2GNL2FD2GL4HB

="BD5NR6E5ND8BR4

="BD7FR4EU2HL5U4R6BR3

="BD4R5FD2GL4HU6ER4NFB

="BD8BRUE5U2NL6BR3

=*' BRNR4GD2FNR4GD2FR4EU

=" BD7 FR4 EU6D3 L5HU2 ER4 B

="BD3RGRBD2LDRBU7BR3

= " BD 3 RGRBD2 LDRDGBU9 BR4

="BR4G4F4BU8BR3

="BD2NR6BD2R6BU4BR3

=»F4G4BU8BR7

="BDER4FDG3BD2NDBU7BR6

=" BD2D6FR4EU2HL2GDFBU7

="BR3G3DND4R6D4U5H3BR6
="R5FD2GNL4FD2GL5RU8BR

=" BR5NFL4GD6FR4EBU7BR3

="RD8LR5EU6HL4BR8
="D8NR6U4NR5U4R6BR3
="D8U4NR5U4R6BR3
="BR5NFL4GD6FR4EU2L2BU

="D8U4R6D4U8BR3
="R2D8L2R4L2U8R2BR3
= " BR2R4 L2D7GL2 HBU7 BR9
="D8U4R2NF4E4BR3
="D8R6BU8BR3
="ND8F3E3ND8BR3
="ND8DF6DU8BR3
="BR5L4GD6FR4EU6HBR4
="NR5D8U4R5EU2HBR4
=" BR5L4GD6FR3EF2H4F2EU

="NR5D8U4R2NF4R3EU2HBR

="BR5NFL4GD2FR4FD2GL4H

="R6L3ND8BR6
="D7FR4EU7BR3
="D5F3E3U5BR3
="D8E3F3U8BR3
=" DF6NDH3 G3NDE 6UBR3
="D2F3ND3E3U2BR3
="R6DG6DR6BU8BR3
1000 RETURN

1010 F0RX=1T0LEN(A$) :Y=ASC(MID$(
A$,X,1) ) :DRAWA$(Y) : NEXT : RETURN /»

770

(68

L ^ar

780

r 69

790

800

(71

5BR5

810

f 72

l § mat

820

A$i

l w *ar

830

A$i

[74

840

A$i

[75

. V ^aw

850

A$i

'76

860

A$l

f 77

870

A$l

[78

w ^ar

880

A$l

[79

890

A$|

r 80

900

A$|

'81

5HBR4

910

A$|

'82

920

A$(

'83

BU7 BR9

930

A$(

r 84

940

A$(

'85

\af +af

950

A$(

'86

960

A$(

'87

970

A$(

'88

980

A$(

[89

990

A$(

[90

/?ea/ BASIC for
OS9!

R.S.B. Is a complete, OS9-compatible version of Disk Extended
Color BASIC. Burke & Burke has added new software to give you
OS9-styk» graphics, sound, printer, and disk I/O. The BASIC you
know end love is now running under Level 2 OS 9 windowsl

R.S.B. losds and saves files using OS9's file format. The R.S.B.
package includes utility programs that let you transfer BASIC
programa and data files between OS9 and BASIC disks. Of
course, you can't uae R.S.B. to run machine language programs,
snd some BASIC commands work slightly differently under R.S.B.

Your BASIC programs can take full advantage of great OS9
features like hard disks, no-halt floppies, multMaaking, and 2
MHz operation.

R.S.B. requires s CoCo 3 with at least 128K RAM, a floppy disk
controller with either Tandy Disk Extended Color BASIC or
0ISTO CoCo 3 COOS ROM, and Level 2 OS9.

RAINBOW

CERTinCAnON
SEAL

Works with a// hard & floppy disk systems t

#uns in 126K; 5I2K preferred.

fttto g ear'*
ttsolutiong

I) learn
Z) Vup a J)avS
ftfsft

3) Clean Garage

CoCo XT Facts

Answers to common ques-
tions about the CoCo XT

Hard Disk Interfaces

We've sold hundreds of our
affordable, high-performance hard
disk interfaces to Color Computer
enthusiaata worldwide!

RAINBOW

CERTF1CATION
SEAL

A true "NO HALT hard disk
system

Controls 1 or 2 hard drives >
Full ECC / CRC error correction
Average acceaa 30% faster than SAS1
Uses PC-type hard disk controllers &
hard drives

Does not use or disable interrupts
Compatible with moat RS-232
interfaces

20 Meg system cost: under $450
Requires Muftl-PAK or "electric" Y-cableV,

Each includes sn snodized housing, 100 page
user manual, and software for use with OS9.
The CoCo XT-RTC adds s battery-powered
real time clock / calendar for OS9 and BASIC.

CoCo XT $69.95
CoCo XT-RTC $99.95

XT-ROM: Install XT-ROM in your hard disk
controller's BIOS ROM socket. It
automatically boots and reboots OS9 from
your hard disk. $19.95

Buy a drive, Western Digital
controller, and case from the PC

dealer of your choice. Plug
them into the CoCo XT, ptug the
CoCo XT Into your Muiti-PAK,
and install the OS9 or BASIC
: software; Preatot

Wild & MV Version 2.1

Use "wildcards" with most OS9
commands, or rearrange your
directory tree. Features recursive
directory searches. A hard disk
must! $19.95

CS9 Utilitie s

EZGen Version 1.04

Powerful OS9 bootfile editor.
Change module names, add or
delete modules, patch bytes, or
rearrange modules. Works on
other files, too. $19.95

SBurfc* & 3Bwk*

P.O. Box 1283 Palatine, IL 60078-1283 (312) 397-2898

UYPF R-l /D Now BASIC runs hard drives*
£2 1 * £ n m 9/\s big floppies, and more!

HYPER-l/O modifiea the RS-DOS BASIC in your CoCo 1, 2, or 3 to
provide a "Dynamic Disk Interlace". Use your existing BASIC and
RS-DOS software with hard disk interfacea (CoCo XT, DISTO, LR),
RAM Disks, and any mix of floppy drives from 160K to 720K esch.
Fully RESET protected, user configurable, expandable, EPROM-
abk? HYPER-l/O V2.6 is the moat versatile hard / floppy disk DOS
available. Please specify HYPER- I/O, DISTO HYPER-l/O, or
LR HYPER-l/O when ordering.

HYPER-HI (Adds RAM Disk snd Print Spooler to
HYPER-l/O on the CoCo 3) $12.95

ILLINOIS RESIDENTS PLEASE ADD 7% SALES TAX. COD'm add $2.20. Shipping (within tha USA) $2.00 par CoCo XT; $1.50 par disk or ROM,
Ptaaaa allow 2 waaka lor dallvary (ovarnlght dallvary alao avallabta lor In-atock llama). Talaphonm ordara aooaptad (312) 397-2898.

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 33

The club that plays together stays together

CoCo Clubs:
Building A Great F

By Ed Hathaway

—

can still remember the day my wife
;md I bought our first CoCo. Just
before Christmas of 1980, a Radio
fiShack television advertisement con-
vinced us that our household wasn't
complete without this new, affordable
humii computer. Although neither one
6f us had any experience with a com-
puter, $500 seemed like a good deal for
a 16K non-extended something-or-
another gray box called aTRS-80 Color
Computer. Soon after our pilgrimage to
feiidio Shack, we had our CoCo playing
Single Bells" and were trying to figure
out what a CLOfiD did.

I sometimes wonder how we survived
that first year of CoCo ownership.
Every attempt to purchase software was
liji adventure in perseverance and con-
sumer ignorance. It did not take us long
tp realize system support meant reading
the manual or creating our own means
of support. We chose to create our own
form of CoCo support group.

By this time I had met two other
CoCo owners who, like me, were wan-
fiifiering aimlessly about the Radio Shack
j^olor Computer shelves. All three of us
had some experience working with and
^belonging to local civic groups, and we
all needed some help in learning about
:Our CoCos and finding the best soft-
: ware for our beloved home computers.
Glenside Color Computer Club was
bora

Why Start a Club?

We CoCo users are in a difficult
Situation. Most new users are new to
computing, and often our knowledge of
Spmputers is limited. Although many of
% ^re complete novices, we are thrown
irttp a world of upgrades, software and
technical jargon. How can we find the

Ed Hathaway is the current president
a ^founder of Glenside Color
( 'ompuier Club of Illinois. He has just
'slatted his own publishing company,
SCS ^publishing, and is a partner in
Second Ifeity Software. He lives in
Chicago witty wife, Ruth, and son,

Si -OH.

best software and learn more about
programming our computers without
some form of support?

Most of us first turn to our Radio
Shack personnel. (After all, these peo-
ple helped us choose our CoCos.
Shouldn't they help us gain computing
experience?) Unfortunately, most of us
learned that our Radio Shack personnel
could not help us with many of our
problems. They were not hired to teach
us; they were hired to sell. We CoCoists
must make our own purchasing deci-
sions and we must learn about our
computers through the manual and
through experience.

Learning about our computers can be
a lonely process. We learn through trial
and error, and often we must guess
when choosing the right software for
our needs. Even brave CoCo users may
choose not to upgrade or use their
CoCos for more than a few "safe"
applications — the struggle isn't worth
it. However, by forming support
groups, we can avoid many computing
worries without limiting ourselves or
our computers.

There are several forms of support
available to Color Computer users. You
already know about one of them be-
cause you're reading THE RAINBOW.
This magazine offers all CoCo users
program reviews and helpful articles
that can eliminate our concerns and
help us make intelligent software pur-
chases. No matter how good the mag-
azine, however, many of us need per-
sonal contact with other CoCo users.
That is where a Color Computer club
can help.

Is There Anybody Out There?

A CoCo Club gives users a chance to
meet others who share the same interest
— Color Computers. The club offers
novices a chance to learn and expe-
rienced users a chance to help newcom-
ers, swap stories, and learn something
as well.

A CoCo Club is more than just a rap
session, however. The club can offer
other CoCoists a chance to test new

software, and to see evaluations and
demonstrations of new products. It can
be a reference library, housing any or all
publications about the Color Comput-
er. The club can also let CoCo users join
together for special projects that can be
both fun and profitable. Finally, the
CoCo Club unites a group of consumers
who are sometimes ignored by the
computer market.

Starting a Club

Last January, Mark Haverstock
wrote an excellent article about starting
a CoCo Club ("The Care and Feeding
of a CoCo Club," Page 67, RAINBOW).
His article covers the clubs basics —
membership, meetings, newsletters, etc.
Anyone interested in starting a club
would benefit from reading his article.
However, I would like to offer a few tips
on starting a CoCo Club here.

First, you need to know what a CoCo
Club does. Although reading my sug-
gestions and considering your own
needs will help, one of the best ways to
understand what CoCoists expect from
a club is to visit an established club.
Such visits will help you decide how you
want (and don't want) your club to run.
(See Page 40 of this issue for a list of
active CoCo Clubs in your area.)

You will need to decide what you and
your members want from the club. Such
goals will need to be considered while
you plan your club's activities and
meeting format. A Color Computer
Club's main function is to gain product
support for the CoCo. Our club's main
goals were to lend new users support
and to address the problems involved in
purchasing hardware and software for
our computers. To do this, we needed
to be recognized by the community; we
needed to promote our club and in-
crease our membership.

Although you can start a club with
just a few friends, the benefits of a CoCo
Club are most noticeable when your
club grows beyond those first few
members. In order to gain members,
you will need to promote your club. At
first, this can be limited to word of

Jar^sr? 1989 THE RAINBOW 35

mouth and possibly a flier posted at
your local Radio Shack store. However,
to really get things going, you need to
send advertisements announcing your
club to magazines like THE rainbow.
Distribute your newsletter and let
would-be club members see the benefits
of such a support group in action. In
addition, get a local BBS involved in the
recruiting. Both you and the BBS
SysOp can benefit from such a union.
(For a list of local BBSs, see "BBS
Listings" November '88, Page 106.)

"If you are currently
without a CoCo Club
in your community,
there is no better
time than the present
to get one going.

Next you need to decide what format
your meetings should use. Club meet-
ings should include question and
answer sessions, product presentations
and time to socialize. Members will
come to meetings and guests will join if
you include these three things in your
meetings. Opening up the meeting with
a question and answer (or announce-
ment) session provides time for an
informative exchange and will break the
ice for your presentations. Product
presentations are the lifeblood of any
computer club. Vary your schedule of
presentations so that each meeting
covers a different subject. Additionally,
always allow for socializing at the close
of the meeting. More problems are
resolved during this contact time than
at any other time.

You will also need to include guide-
lines for appropriate behavior, mem-
bership dues, election of club officials.
All these policies should be stated in
your club's bylaws.

Play by the Rules

When we were doing our Chicago
RAINBOWfest seminar, the most re-
quested piece of information was a hard
copy of our club's bylaws. While setting
up and running a CoCo Club was not
a problem for most in attendance,
generating bylaws seemed to be a major

Bylaws for the Glenside Color Computer Club

Objective: The Glenside Color Computer Club of Illinois is a not-for-profit
computer club established to assist its members In learning and to better
understand Tandy's Color Computer.

1. Meetings:

A. Meetings shall be held on the second Thursday of each month.

B. Meetings shall be held at a public establishment unless otherwise
announced 30 days in advance of said meeting.

C. Meeting time will be between the evening hours of 7:30 to 9:30. Start
and ending times may vary at the discretion of the President and/or the Board
of Directors.

D. Subject matter covered during meetings will be decided by the President
and/or the Board of Directors.

E. Board of Directors meetings shall and can be called on an as needed
basis, providing a majority can be assembled. No actions shall be taken
without receiving a majority vote and/or receiving majority support of
attending Directors.

2. Membership Dues:

A. Membership dues must be paid upon filing an application form.

B. Membership dues will be decided upon by the elected officers at a board
meeting and will remain in effect for no less then 12 months. At that time,
an increase and/or decrease in the annual dues may be requested by the
Board of Directors.

C. At no time shall the membership dues be increased and/or decreased
without a 30-day written notice to the currect membership.

D. At no time shall the membership dues be increased and/or decreased
without receiving a majority approval vote by the membership in attendance
of a previously-announced meeting, providing Sections 2B and 2C of Club
Bylaws have been followed.

E. To continue membership, dues must be paid annually on or about the
time of filing original application form.

F. Notice to renew membership shall be issued by the Club Secretary and/
or Treasurer no less than 30 days in advance of member's anniversary date.

G. Failing to renew annual membership dues will forfeit said member from
receiving any and all Club benefits and/or services. Members shall be granted
60 days after receiving dues notice to arrange for payment before being
released as a member in good standing.

3. Elected Officers:

A. Elected officers and Board of Directors are as follows:

President (1), Vice President (2), Vice President-Telecommunication* and
Treasurer/Secretary (1)

*The Vice President-Telecommunication position is a position appointed
by the President. Appointments will be granted to members who maintain a
Club BBS. Said appointments must be approved by the Board of Directors.

B. Elections shall take place each year in or about the month of September.

C. Members seeking elected office may do so providing they are nominated
by two other members in attendance on election night.

D. Elected officers shall remain in office for a term no less than one year.

E. If an elected officer is unable to complete his/her term, a replacement
shall be appointed by the Board of Directors. Said appointment will assume
set duties until the next election is held,

F. Elected officers may choose to succeed themselves providing a majority
vote is given by the attending members on election night.

G. In the event that the President is unable to complete said term, the Board
of Directors will appoint a replacement from their ranks. This appointment
must be voted on by the attending members at the next available monthly
meeting.

H. Elected officers can and shall be asked to step down from their positions
if so requested by the Board of Directors. In order for said action to take place,
it must be clearly shown that the officer is unable or incapable of performing
the duties of that office.

4. Communications:

A. A monthly notice, newsletter and/or publication will be mailed to the
membership announcing time, date and location of each meeting.

B. Cost for said mailing will be paid from Club funds.

C. An annual fee can be charged to non-members who wish to receive a

36 THE RAINBOW January 1989

copy of the Club's monthly notice, newsletter and/or publication. Said fee
shall not exceed $2 more than the annual membership dues rate set from
Section 2, Other arrangements and fees can be made with the approval of
the Board of Directors regarding said notice, newsletter and/or publication.

D. There will be only one (1) official Club notice, newsletter and/or
publication authorized. Any other such notice, newsletter and/or publication
using the name Glenside that is provided to the active members of the
Glenside Color Computer Club of Illinois shall be deemed an unauthorized
notice, newsletter and/or publication.

E. An authorized Club BBS may be established by its membership providing
the following rules be met:

1. The name of said BBS must include the word Glenside at the log-in
screen.

2. Meeting announcements and other Club activities must be posted for all
callers to read after establishing their names and/or passwords.

3. At no time will the BBS or its operator provide for or use said BBS to
distribute any copyrighted material whatsoever.

4. If it is found that said BBS is providing and/or distributing copyrighted
material, that system shall be dropped as an authorized Club BBS. In addition,
the system operator will lose the appointed Vice President position. A notice
of such action will be mailed to all current members, selected Color Computer
vendors and supported publications.

F. The system operator can charge an additional user fee to Club members
and non-members providing said fees do not exceed $2 more than the
membership dues rate set from Section 2.

G. The Club can provide money support to the system operators from
general membership funds as available or deemed necessary. The amount
cannot exceed more than $50 per calendar year per BBS system.

H. It is the duty of the system operator to police his/her own system. This
includes deleting messages that contain unaccepted social conduct and
words. The system operator may establish his/her own code of conduct
regarding non-member users, providing said code of conduct is given to the
current Board of Directors.

5. Membership:

A. Membership to the Glenside Color Computer Club of Illinois is open to
anyone that owns and/or uses a Tandy Color Computer 1, 2 or 3.

B. No restrictions shall be placed on membership that is in conflict with
local, state or federal laws.

C. Members are considered in good standing as long as they maintain their
annual dues and abide by a basic code of conduct established by current
society rules, and they are entitled to all Club benefits and services offered
by the Club.

D. Membership benefits and/or services may not change without 30-day
advance notice. The only exception to this policy is if a benefit or service is
found not to be in the best interest of the Club as a whole.

E. Members can and will lose their Club rights and forfeit their dues if found
in violation of these bylaws and/or the code of conduct established by current
society rules. A 30-day notice must be issued from the Board of Directors
to the member in question, informing him/her of the actions being brought
against said member. Such actions will not be taken without a careful and
complete review by the Board of Directors.

F. Members can bring to Club meetings friends and/or other family
members. However, if young children are brought, it is the responsibility of
the member to watch over said children at all times.

6. Club Policy:

A. The Glenside Color Computer Club of Illinois does not in any way
condone the duplication of any copyrighted material. The computer system
provided at Club meetings is for the express use of meeting presentations.
Any member or non-member found using this system for the duplication of
any copyrighted material shall be subject to Club dissociation with or without
advance notice.

B. In the event of Club dissociation, the member in question forfeits annual
dues and will not be allowed to receive any further Club benefits or services.

C. In the event of Club dissociation, the non-member in question shall not
be allowed to join Glenside. In addition, said non-member will not be allowed
to enter into any Club-supported activity as a guest of another member. □

undertaking. Indeed, creating bylaws is
no small project. When setting up your
bylaws, you take into account the
various needs and wants of the club,
officers and members. When we drafted
Glenside's bylaws, we had little outside
information to go on. Only two of us
had any idea of the format and infor-
mation needed to put bylaws into effect.
It took us almost six months to create
a draft to present to the members. (I can
tell you now, it was a long six months.
The best way I can explain how to create
your club's own guidelines is to present
my club's bylaws; I think they are pretty
self-explanatory.)

It took us about a year to get to this
level, and all the early planning paid off.
With bylaws, club objectives, meeting
format and location all chosen, we were
able to handle and accept new members
as if we had been in existence for years.
The plan of action formed during our
early gatherings is still in place and still
working. The Glenside Color Computer
Club is one of the largest exclusive
Color Computer Clubs today because
we established objectives and goals that
have stood the test of time.

Conclusion

Starting a CoCo Club can be hard
work if you do not plan ahead. As with
any club, you must know what you and
your members want, and you must
follow an appropriate code of conduct.
The bylaws created by the Glendale
Color Computer Club have helped our
club to run smoothly and have guaran-
teed that our members can gain from
their association with the club. If you
are thinking about starting a CoCo
Club, start with a pencil and paper and
outline the club's objectives and goals.
This will give you a great foundation on
which to build.

Without Glenside, a large number of
our members would have given up on
the Color Computer years ago. We all
know how special our CoCos are to us.
We also know how lonely being a CoCo
owner can be without a user support
group. If you are currently without a
CoCo Club in your community, there is
no better time than the present to get
one going. All it takes is a desire to share
information and support with another
CoCo owner.

(Questions or comments about this
article may be directed to the author in
care of Glenside Color Computer Club,
8W. Stevenson Dr., Glendale Heights,
IL 60139, Please include an SASE when
requesting a reply.) /Rv

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 37

Frank Hogg Laboratory

J 2 Years of Service, Support, and Friendly Help!

Christmas SALE

THE ELIMINATOR ™

HEW! II MULTI I/O CARD FOR THE COCO
2 Serial Ports, 1 Parallel, Clock, Disk Interface!

This muld I/O card is called the "Eliminator" because it provides
all the I/O capability under OS-9 that most people want wiihout the
need for a Multi-Pak Interface. If desired, it is possible to use one or
more Eliminators in a M PI or other bus expander, with or without
other hardware.

The Eliminator is completely address decoded, and does not depend
on any of the slot select capabilities of the MPI for device selection.
The typical power consumption is well within the 300 mA at +5
VDC rating of all COCO models. Other voltages (+/- 12 VDC) are
not required by the Eliminator.
2 Serial (RS-232C) Ports

- 15 software selectable baud rates from 50 to 38,400 baud - with al-
ternate crystal can function as dual MIDI ports (31.25 KHz)
1 Parallel Printer Port
Real Time Clock

- built in battery backup (10 years)

- 100 year clock (automatically compensates for leap year)

- 50 bytes of battery backed scratchpad RAM
WD 1002-05 HD/FD Interface

- high speed (fastest COCO HD interface)

- WD 1002-05 supports up to 3 HDs and/or 4 FDs

- runs both HDs and FDs in "no-halt" mode (no lost keystrokes)

- new WDDisk OS-9 driver allows non OS-9 (MS DOS, RSDOS)
disk access

EPROM - OS-9 auto-boot EPROM

Reg 199.95 Special Offer 179.95

Clock Chip add 30.00

Auto-boot EPROM with software add 30.00

(HCA users contact FHL for special low upgrade price.)

FHL High Speed Hard Drive Kits
Featuring The Eliminator™ 99

Our top of the line system features Bruce Isted's new interface The
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and 3 hard drives, type ahead for both floppy and hard disk,
autoboot OS9 LI or L2 from hard or floppy disk, 2 serial ports, 1
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KIT INCLUDES: The Eliminator', Hard drive with WD 1002-05 controller, ST506
cable set, 3 fool 40 pin cable. Hard Drive Case with 60 wan power supply and fan . OS9
software for LI and LII with source . Complete instructions. Easy one evening assembly.

1 YEAR MANUFACTURES WARRANTY ON ALL SYSTEMS!

20 Meg High Speed Kit Complete
40 Meg High Speed Kit Complete
70 Meg High Speed Kit Complete

Assemble & Test any of the above add

OPTIONS:

Real Time Clock chip

Serial cable set (2 DB25)

Parallel cable (Centronics)

Floppy Drive (Mounted in case)

Floppy Cable Int & Ext

FBU Fast Hard disk Back Up

R.S.B. RS Disk Basic Under OS9

*799.00
♦899.00
* 1335.00

60.00

30.00
30.00
30.00
128.00
25.00
75.00
39.95

Burke & Burke Hard Drive Kits

This system features the Burke & Burke XT or XT RTC interface.
The hottest selling hard disk interface! It uses popular and
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controller can be used in a PC at a later date if you want. For this
reason it is the least expensive hard disk system available today.
Not as fast as the Eliminator system but faster than any other
system available. Note: Disk Extended Color Basic support and
other software options are listed below. Disadvantage; requires a
multi-pak.

KIT INCLUDES: Burke & Burke (B&B) XT PC interface. Hard drive with controller,
3 foot ST506 cable set. Hard Drive Case with 60 watt power supply and fan. Includes
OS9 LI and LII software. 1 megabyte transfer in 45 seconds! Type ahead under OS9.
Complete instructions. Easy one evening assembly.

1 YEAR MANUFACTURES WARRANTY ON ALL SYSTEMS!

20 Meg Kit Complete 60MS

30 Meg Kit Complete 60MS RLL

40 Meg Kit Complete 60MS

Assemble and test any of the above add

OPTIONS:

B&B Real Time Clock (add to above)
B&B XT ROM Auto Boot from hard disk
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R.S.B. RS Disk Basic under OS9

♦498.00
*548.00
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50.00

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19.95
29.95
19.95
75.00
39.95

Hard Drive Bits and Pieces

B&B XT PC style interface 69.95

B&B XT RTC interface w/clock/calendar 99.95

WD 1002-05 High Speed ctrler for the Eliminator * 199.95

(Supports both Hard and Floppy drives)

Hard Drive case with 60W P/S and Fan *99.95

SPECIFICATIONS: size 16" deep, 5.5" high, 7" wide. 60 Watt power supply
with 3 drive type power connectors, quiet 12 volt DC fan, LED power
indicator, color matches CoCo. Holds 2 1/2 height hard or floppy drives and has
card guided space for a PCB the size of a drive (like the WD1 002-05 controller)

Floppy Drives (525" and 3.5" FLOPPY DISKS)
TEAC High Quality Drives - 1 Year Warr.
FD55B 360K 40 Track DS 5.25" 118.00
FD55F 720K 80 Track DS 5.25: 151.00
FD35F 720K 80 Track DS 3.5" 147.00
(Bare drives, requires case and power supply)

ORDERING INFORMATION VISA and M/C. NY residents add 7% sales tax. US
shipping add $3.50 for software. Hardware is more. Please call for Air Express shipping.

Call or send for FREE FHL NewsLetter and catalog.
♦♦Most of our software requires OS9 LII and 512K.
* New LOWER PRICES!!!

Frank Hogg Laboratory, Inc.

Since 1976

770 James Street - Syracuse, NY 13203

Fax 315/474-8225

Call 315/474-7856

' ' 1 1 — •'■ ■ " ' - ■■■■■■■ - , ■- | - ■ ■■• ■ ■ 11n|| <. *■

Frank Hogg

J 2 Years of Service, Suppoi

Christmas S,

ams>rtiAg>

Inside 0S9 Level II

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DynaStar

Used by more OS9 users than any other!

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expect and more, supports terminals and windows simultaneously, auto-configurable,
auto-indent for C and Pascal programming, mail merge for form letters, bug free, solid.
New manual makes it easier to use than ever. Most popular word processor since 1982!
Uses CoCo 3's windows for pop-up help menus, can be disabled. Two key sequence to
move from anywhere to anywhere in your text. WordStar command style. Will work
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disk. Keyboard Macros: Define or redefine any control key (up to 29) to reproduce any
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the best available for OS9. Written by Rainbowlech columnist Dale Puckett.

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SPECIAL WHEN PURCHASED WITH DYNASTAR

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25.00

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ORDERING INFORMATION VISA and M/C. NY residents add 7% sales Ux. US

software shipping add $3.50. Please call for Air Express shipping.

Send for FREE FHL NewsLetter and catalog.
♦♦Most of our software requires OS9 LII and 512K.

Frank Hogg Laboratory, Inc.

Since 1976

770 James Street - Syracuse, NY 13203

Fax 315/474-8225

Call 315/474-7856

v'Jv-:*

We have compiled a list of
Color Computer Glubs
because of the many re-
quests we have received. CoCo
Clubs may wish to exchange
newsletters, share ideas for top-
ics of discussion a| monthly
meetings, etc.

Please let us know if we have
omitted any clubs and send us
complete up-to-date addresses.
Only those clubs that have signed
our non-piracy "agreement form"
will appear in this listing of CoCo
Clubs. Also, please notify us if
you wish to add or delete any
names on this list. Send your
information to:

CoCo Clubs
THE RAINBOW
The Falsoft Building

P.O. Box 385
Prospect, KY 40059

— Sue Evans

ARIZONA

Tucson Color Computer Club, Bruce Smith,
3030 Mustang Dr., Tucson, 85708, (602)
747-7859

CALIFORNIA

Color America Users Group, Jack W. Ei-
zenga, 381 1 N. Foster Ave., Baldwin Park,
91706, (818) 960-8010

Los Angeles-Wilshire Color Computer Users
Group, Milton Wolfe, P.O. Box 11151,
Beverly Hills, 90213, (213) 558-4909

United Computer Federation, (San Fernando
Valley Chapter and Headquarters), Pete
Ellison, P.O. Box 11332, Burbank, 91510,
(818) 843-4156

The Davis CoCoNuts, Shneor Sherman, 1818
Haussler Dr., Davis, 95616, (916) 758-3195

South Bay Users Group (S-Bug), Bill Tiller-
son, 73 Alamitos Ave., Suite #2, Long
Beach, 90802, (213) 432-3037

COLORADO

Colorado Color Computer Club, Lloyd Car-
roll, 6651 Bellaire Street, Commerce City,
80022, (303) 288-6369

The ESCO Computer Club, David E. Schulz,
1299 Harrison Street, Denver, 80206, (303)
388-6988

CONNECTICUT

The Southeast Connecticut Color Computer
Users Group, Bill Gross, 30 Sycamore
Lane, Groton, 06340, (203) 448-1388

FLORIDA

Color Computer Club of Brandon, Richard
Steinbrueck, 2913 John Moore Road,
Brandon, 33511, (813) 681-1526

Northwest Florida CoCo Nuts, Victor T.
Majko, P.O. Box 1032, Fort Walton Beach,
32549, (904) 651-5638

Alachua County Color Computer Club, Jeff
Mercer 1654 N.W. 14th Ave., Gainesville,
32605, (904) 372-5771

FLORIDA (cont'd)

Jacksonville Color Computer Club, William
H. Brown 111, 2454 San Sago Ln., Jackson-
ville, 32216, (904) 721-0282

Color-6809 Users Group, Kathie Lamb, 6995
29 Terr. No., St. Petersburg, 33710, (813)
345-8522,

GEORGIA

The CoCo Cartel, Tory Torres, 1345 Sturkie
Drive, Columbus, 31907, (404) 561-1062

The Northeast Atlanta Color Computer Club,
Alan R. Dages, 4894 Candlewood Ln.,
Stone Mountain, (404) 469-5111

IDAHO

Snake River Color Computer Club, Emil
Franklin & Robert Kitchen, 1750 Carmel
Drive, Idaho Falls, 83402, (208) 522-0220

ILLINOIS

Illinois Color Computer Club of Elgin, Tony
Podraza, 119 Adobe Circle, Carpenters-
ville, 60110, (312) 428-3576

Capital CoCo Club, Kevin L. Adair, 5753 S.
Laflin, Chicago, 60636, (312) 737-5716

Chicago OS-9 Users Group, Roger Hal-
vorsen, 1598 Ardmore. Ave., Glendale
Heights, 60139, (312) 469-8174

Glenside Color Computer Club, Ed Hatha-
way, 8 W. Stevenson Drive, Glendale
Heights, 60139, (312) 462-0694

Kitchen Table Color Computer Group, Rob-
ert Mills, P.O. Box 464, Hanover, 61041,
(815) 591-3377

Motorola Microcomputer Club, Steve Adler,
1301 Algonquin Rd., Schaumburg, 60196,
(312) 576-3044

INDIANA

Indianapolis Color Computer Club, Scott
Griepentrog, P.O. Box 24285, Speedway,
46224, (317) 241-6401, BBS (317) 244-
3159

Michiana CoCo Club, Clay Howe, 310 S.
Jefferson St., Sturgis, Ml 49091 , (616) 651-
4248

IOWA

Metro Area Color Computer Club (MACCC),
Joseph Callavaro, 2425 Ave. A, Council
Bluffs, 51501, (712) 322-2438

Mid Iowa CoCo, Terry G. Simons, 1328 48th
Street, Des Moines, 5031 1 , (515) 279-2576

KANSAS

Hutchinson Color Computer Club, John
Collicott, 201 E Morgan, Inman, 67546,
(316) 585-2320

KC CoCo Club, Gay Crawford, P.O. Box
1 1 1 92, Kansas City, 661 1 1 , (913) 764-941 3

KENTUCKY

Perry County CoCo Users Group, Keith W.
Smith, Box 482 Bulan, 41722 (606) 439-
4209

LOCO-COCO, Jerry Yates, 3005 Bob White
Ct., Louisville, 40216, (502) 448-3746

Hardin County Color Computer Club, Paul
W. Urbahns, 2887 Republic Ave., Radcliff,
40160, (502) 351-4757

LOUISIANA

The CoCo Sig, Christopher Mayeux, 20
Gibbs Drive, Chalmette, 70043, (504) 277-
6880

MASSACHUSETTS

CLUB 6809, Jean Salvas, 204 East Street,
Springfield, 01104, (413) 734-5163

MICHIGAN

Greater Kalamazoo Color Computer Club,
Jim Rix, 1835 Chevy Chase Blvd., Kalama-
zoo, 49008, (616) 344-7631

Greater Lansing Color Computer Users
Group, E. Dale Knepper, P.O. Box 14114,
Lansing, 48901, (517) 626-6917

Michiana CoCo Club, Clay Howe, 310 S.
Jefferson St., Sturgis, Ml 49091 (616) 651-
4248

Color Computer Owners Group, Bernie Pat-
ton, 388 Emmons, Wyandotte, 48192,
(313) 283-2474

MINNESOTA

Gallifrean Recall Circuit, Dr. Who Fan Club/
Newsletter, Robert Hermanek, 216 Cardi-
nal Ct., Chaska, 55318, (612) 448-7911

Northern. Minnesota CoCo Community,
David B. Smith, c/o Grand Portage Lodge,
P.O. Box 307, Grand Portage, 55605 (218)
475-2520

MISSISSIPPI

Singing River C.C. Club, James F. Wilson,
2619 Wilson Ave., Pascagoula, 39567,
(601) 762-4318

MISSOURI

KC CoCo Club, Gay Crawford, P.O. Box
11192, Kansas City, KS 66111, (913) 764-
9413

Coconuts, Tom Colston, 1610 N. Marian,
Springfield, 65803, (417) 865-8015

NEBRASKA

Siouxland Color Computer Club, Alan Pe-
dersen, 611 D Street, South Sioux City,
68776, (402) 494-2284

NEW JERSEY

Mercer County Color Computer Users
Group, Richard C. Kelly, 1904 Country
Lane, W. Trenton, 08628, (609) 883-9270

NEW YORK

Kings Byte CoCo Club, Morty Libowitz, 1063
East 84th St., Brooklyn, 11236, (718) 763-
4233, BBS (718) 837-2881

Twin Tiers CoCo Club, William Cecchini, 319
Irvine Place, Elmira, 14901 , (607) 734-0065

The Island CoCo Club, D.K. Lee, P.O. Box
426, Massapequa Park, 11762, BBS (516)
277-1285

Olean Area CoCo Users Group, Herman L.
Smith, P.O. Box 216, Olean, 14760, (716)
933-7488

Broome CoCo Club, Lloyd Shotwell, 18
Adaline Street, Owego, 13827, (607) 687-
3231

OHIO

Color Computer Club, Inc., Larry Cadman,
P.O. Box 478, Canfield, 44406

The Columbus and Central Ohio Color Com-
puter Club, Frank J. Piper, P.O. Box
322423, Columbus, 43232, (614) 868-5316

The Utopia Network, Bruce Uher, 145% Park

Ave., Coshocton, 43812, (614) 622-4061
Dayton Color Computer Users Group, Steven

E. Lewis, 4230 Cordell Dr., Dayton, 45439,

(513) 299-3060
Tri-County Computer Users Group, William

J, Loeffler, 2612 Dale Avenue, Rocky

River, 44116, (216) 356-0779
Greater Toledo Color Computer Club, Robin

Jackson, 2053 Eileen Road, Toledo,

43615, (419) 531-4549

THE RAINBOW January 1989

OKLAHOMA

Central Oklahoma Computer Organization,
Inc., Mark Bosley, 6440 N. Peniel, Okla-
homa City, 73132, (405) 721-3691

OREGON

Computron Research Users Group, Tom
Sanders Blair, Jr., P.O. Box 370, Clacka-
mus, 97015, (503) 668-8397

PENNSYLVANIA

HUG-A-CoCo, George Lurie, 2312 Wingfield
Ct., Harrisburg, 17112, (717) 657-2789

The Hollidaysburg Area Color Computer
Club, Victor Ricker, 511 Spruce St., Hol-
lidaysburg, 16648, (814) 695-2792

Skyline Color Computer User Group, Lewis
F. Brubaker, 3100 Kutztown, Rd., Lauder-
dale, 19605, (215) 921-3616

Pittsburgh Color Group, Ralph Marting, 309
Frazier Dr., Pittsburgh, 15235, (412) 823-
7607

RHODE ISLAND

New England COCONUTS, Arthur J. Men-
donca, P.O. Box 28106, North Station,
Providence, 02908, (401) 456-9394

SOUTH CAROLINA

LoCo CoCo Club, Larry Coyle, 4334 Flynn
Dr., Charleston, 29405, (803) 747-0802

Spartanburg CoCo Club, Jesse W. Parris, 152
Bon Air Ave., Spartanburg, 29303, (803)
573-9881

SOUTH DAKOTA

Empire Area Color Computer Users Group of
South Dakota, Carl Holt, 401 3rd Ave.,
Brandon, 57005, (605) 582-3862

TENNESSEE

Bradley County Personal Computer Users

Group, Cynthia Pofeet, P.O. Box 2611,

Cleveland, (615) 476-7274
Memphis Color Computer Users Group,

Logan R. Ward, P.O. Box 1 1736, Memphis,

38111, (901)685-0009

TEXAS

The Codis CoCo Symphony, William C.

Garretson, 828 Gregory Avenue, Bedford,

76022, (817) 283-8571
UTAH

Salt City CoCo Club, Jim Shoop, 1900 Leis-
ure Ln., Salt Lake City, 84107, (801) 968-
3600

VIRGINIA

Southwestern Va., Color Computing Club,
Richard Sutphin, Rt. 1 Box 20, Henry,
24102 (703) 365-2018

Richmond Area Color Computer Organiza-
tion, William Mays, 6003 Westbourne
Drive, Richmond, 23230, (804) 282-7778

Northern Virginia C.C. Club, William Thomp-
son, 1300 Kolman Court, Woodbridge,
22193, (703) 590-5870

WASHINGTON

Northwest CoCo Club, Dennis Mott, N. 4103
Whitehouse, Spokane, 99206, (509) 325-
3399

WEST VIRGINIA

Huntington Area Color Computer Sympo-
sium, Jim Bush, P.O. Box 391, Lesage,
25537-0391, (304) 736-5314

WISCONSIN

Southern Wisconsin CoCo Club, David C.
Buehn, 24607 67th Street, Salem, 53168,
(414) 843-3830

WYOMING

Cowboy Color Computer Club, Craig Sulli-
van, 4601 Hill Top Ave., #C2, Cheyenne,
82009 (307) 778-8526

ALBERTA

The Calgary Color Computer Club, P.O. Box
22, Station M, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 2G9,
(403) 288-9696

BRITISH COLUMBIA

Vancouver Colour Computer Club, Box
76734, Stn S, Vancouver, British Colum-
bia, VSR 5S7

Salmon Arm CoCo, David Coldwell, RR #4,
Site 26 Comp. 13, Salmon Arm, British
Columbia, V1E4M4

ONTARIO

London CoCo Nuts Computer Club, Mark
Watts, 36 Nottinghill Cres., London, On-
tario, N6K 1R1, (519) 471-1345

ESSA Color Computer Club, Lorraine
Shantz, RR #2, Minesing, Ontario, L0L
1Y0, (705) 726-5694

ONTARIO (cont'd)

Ottawa 6809 Users Group, Norm Shoihet,
1497 Meadowbrook Road, Ottawa, Ontar-
io, K1B5J9, (613) 741-1763

Durham 80-C Computer Club, Rick Gibson,
P.O. Box 95, Whitby Ontario, L1N 5R7,
(416) 434-2886

QUEBEC

Club d'Ordinateur Couleur du Quebec, Inc.,
L. Rochon, Centre de Loisirs St-Mathieu,
7110- 8e Ave., St-Michel, Montreal, Que-
bec, H2A 3C4, (514) 682-9789

LesCoCophiles, Yves-Denis Girard, 17 Bord-
de-l'eau, Repentigny, Quebec, J6A 3K2,
(514) 581-1385

AUSTRALIA

CoCoHUG (Color Computer Hobart Users
Group), Jim Shaw, 20 Greenacres Rd.,
Geilston Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
7005, (002) 43-9722

Pine Rivers/Peninsula User Group, T. Kerr,
C/-31 Brooks Rd., Bray Park, Queensland,
Australia, 4500, (07) 205-4879

Australian Christian Users Group, Captain
Raymond L. Isaac, 90 Fowler St., MOE,
Victoria, Australia 3825, (051) 27-2695

COLOMBIA

CoCoByte, Fabian A. Rodriguez, Avenida 4A
#49N-60 or A.A. 5976, Cali, Colombia, 51-
923-640705 or 51-923-649165

ENGLAND

National Dragon Users Group, Paul R. Grade,
6 Navarino Rd., Worthing, Sussex, Eng-
land, 0903-207585

ISRAEL

The Mid-East CoCo Club, J. Yosef Krinsky,
526/11 Kiryat Kaminitz — Neve Yaacov,
P.O. Box 27355 Jerusalem, Israel

WEST GERMANY

The Greatest German CoCoCooks, Michael
Herbes, Dorfstr 23, 4320 Hattingen, West
Germany

S2\

CORRECTIONS

"Warped Animation" (October 1988, Page 102): The

author of Gravitational Grid has written to give his
current address for those wanting to correspond with
him. The address given in the article is now out of date.

Patrick D. Grengs II

Box 259 / Graduate Center

Pullman, WA 99163

"Showing Off Random Graphics" (Novices Niche,
November 1988, Page 75): Line 230 of Listing 2, Ellipse,
is incorrect as listed. Replace Line 230 as follows:

230 PCLS1:G0T0 100

"Quick Fixes" (October 1988, Page 58): A correction
to Figure 2 of this article appeared in the November
1988 issue. That correction was not needed. The figure
in question is correct as published. The designation of
IC4 Pin 3 is correct.

For quicker reference, Corrections will be posted on
Delphi as soon as they are available in the Info on
Rainbow topic area of the database. Just type DATA
at the CoCo SIG> prompt and INFO at the TOPIC>
prompt.

January 1969 THE RAINBOW 41

CHICAG

Aoril 14-16

AINBOWfest is the only computer show dedicated
exclusively to your Tandy Color Computer.
Nowhere else will you see as many CoCo-related
products or be able to attend free seminars conducted
by the top Color Computer experts. It's like receiving the
|latest issue of the rainbow In your mailbox!

RAINBOWfest is a great opportunity for commercial
programmers to show off new and innovative products
for the first time. Chicago is the show to get information
on capabilities for the CoCo, along with a terrific
selection of the latest CoCo software. In exhibit after
exhibit, there will be demonstrations, opportunities to
experiment with software and hardware, and special
iRAINBOWfest prices.

Set your own pace between visiting exhibits and
ittending the valuable, free seminars on all aspects of
'your CoCo — from improving basic skills to working with
the sophisticated OS-9 operating system.

Many people who write for the rainbow — as
well as those who are written about — are there
to meet you and answer questions. You'll also
meet lots of other people who share your interest
in the Color Computer. It's a person-to-person
event and a tremendous learning experience in
a fun and relaxed atmosphere.

A special feature of RAINBOWfest is the
CoCo Gallery Live Showcase, where
CoCo artists enter their own graphics
creations for display at the show. Cash
prizes are presented and winning
entries are decided by
votes from RAINBOWfest attendees.
(See the following page for more.

details.) As an additional treat for CoCo Kids of all ages,
we've invited frisky feline CoCo Cat to join us for the show.
RAINBOWfest has something for everyone in the family

If you missed the fun at our last RAINBOWfest in Princeton,
why don't you make plans now to join us in Chicago?
For members of the family who don't share your
affinity for CoCo, there are many other attractions in
the Chicago area.

The Hyatt Regency Woodfield — Schaumburg,
Illinois offers special rates for RAI NBOWfest. The show
opens Friday evening with a session from 7 p.m. to 10
p.m. It's a daytime show Saturday — the CoCo Com-
munity Breakfast (separate tickets required) is at 8
a.m., then the exhibit hall opens promptly at 1 0 a.m. and
runs until 6 p.m. On Sunday, the exhibit hall opens at
1 1 a.m. and closes at 3 p.m.

Tickets for RAINBOWfest may be obtained d
from the rainbow. We'll also send you a reserva-
tion form so you can get a special room rate.

The POSH way to go. You can have your travel
arrangements and hotel reservations handled
through rainbow affiliate, POSH Travel Assist-
ance, Inc., of Louisville. For the same POSH
treatment many of our exhibitors enjoy, call POSH at
(502) 893-331 1 . All POSH services are available at no
charge to RAINBOWfest attendees.

irectly

3L THLRt?

. * V

COCO GALLERY LIVE
SHOWCASE YOUR BEST AT RAINBOWFEST

We are taking the popular "CoCo Gallery" on the road to RAINBOWfest Chicago
— and we'd like you to submit your own graphics creations to be exhibited at the
show!

RULfeS

• You can enter color or black-and-white photographs or printouts of your original artwork
produced on the CoCo 1, 2 or 3. Entries must be framed, mounted or matted, and may
not be smaller than 5-by-7 inches or larger than 11-by-14 inches.

• Don't send us anything owned by someone else; this means no game screens, digitized
images from TV programs or material that's already been submitted elsewhere. A digitized
copy of a picture that appears in a book or magazine is not an original work.

• Along with your entry, send a cover letter with your name, address and phone number,
detailing how you created your picture (what programs you used, etc.). Please include a
few facts about yourself, too!

• Your name, address and phone number, along with the title of your work, must be clearly
marked on the back of each entry, and a disk copy of each piece must also be included.

• Entries must be mailed to the rainbow before March 31, 1989, or brought to the
RAINBOWfest registration booth by 10 a.m., Saturday, April 15th.

• All entries to CoCo Gallery Live become the property of Falsoft, Inc., all rights are reserved.

There will be two categories: one for graphics produced on the CoCo 1 and 2, and one for
CoCo 3 graphics. Several awards will be made in each category. Winners will be determined
by votes from RAINBOWfest attendees. In case of any ties, winners will be determined by
our chief judge, CoCo Cat.

Prizes and ribbons will be presented Sunday, April 16, 1989, and winning entries will be
published in the August '89 issue of THE RAINBOW. Send your entry to "CoCo Gallery Live,"
THE RAINBOW, 9509 U.S. Highway 42, Prospect, KY 40059.

YES, I'm coming to Chicago! I want to save by buying tickets now at the special
advance sale price. Breakfast tickets require advance reservations.

Please send me:

Three-day ticket(s) at $9 each total .

One-day ticket(s) at $7 each total

Circle one: Friday Saturday Sunday

Name

(please print)

Address

Saturday CoCo Breakfast
at $12 each

RAINBOWfest T-shirt(s)

at $6 each

Specify size:

S M L _

City

State

total

Telephone
Company .

ZIP

(T-shirts must be picked up at the door)
Handling Charge $1

TOTAL ENCLOSED

(U.S. Currency Only, Please)

□ Payment Enclosed, or Charge to:
□ VISA □ MasterCard □ American Express

Account Number

Exp. Date

□ Also send me a hotel reservation card for the

Hyatt Regency Woodfield ($66, single or double oj Qnatu
room). 9

Advance ticket deadline: March 31, 1989. Orders received less than two weeks prior to show opening will be held for you
at the door. Tickets will also be available at the door at a slightly higher price. Tickets will be mailed six weeks prior to show.
Children 4 and under, free; over 4, full price.

Make checks payable to: The RAINBOW. Mail to: RAINBOWfest, The Falsoft Building, 9509 U.S. Highway 42, P.O.
Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059. To make reservations by phone, in Kentucky call (502) 228-4492, or outside Kentucky
(800) 847-0309.

CoCo 3 Disk Tape Mod.

■

n
■

Eric Wolf is a 15-year-old
student who has been progr
the Co Co for three years, i
ments include F-I5 Assaul
and CoCo Newsroom.

W January 1989

school
'ngfor
hieve-
ulator

toggled to yes, the graph will have a gray
shadow behind it when drawn on the
screen. If toggled to no, no shadow will
appear when the graph is drawn.

• Modify Entry: Pressing M gives you
the chance to alter the data in one of the
fourteen data slots in the data column.
After pressing M, enter the number of
the slot you wish to modify (1 to 14).
After entering an appropriate slot, enter
the data value. Any number, zero to
9,000, will work. Now enter the label for
the data. The data will be entered into
the data column accordingly. To exit the
Modify menu, enter 333.

• Plot Chart: Press P to plot the data
on the screen on a pie chart. The screen
will clear, and the graph, percentages,
labels and graph title will be drawn.
After the chart has been drawn, press
any key to return to the main menu. The
graph is plotted according to the rela-
tion of a specific number to other
numbers in the data table (standard for
the pie graph), and uses sine and cosine
ratios to determine line placement.

• Clear Graph Data in Memory: Press-
ing C clears data from memory. You will
be asked if you want to clear the data.
Press Y to clear the data or N to abort
the clearing process.

• Degree of Rotation: Pressing D in the
editor will increase this number by 2
degrees. The degree of rotation signifies
the degree number at which the first line
of the graph will be drawn. Usually, you
can keep this value at 0, but other values
will tilt your graph for added effects.

• Title: Pressing T allows you to enter
a new title for your graph. Type the new
title and press ENTER. A title can be no
longer than 30 characters. The title will
appear at the top of the screen when the
chart is displayed graphically.

• Input/ Output: Pressing I at the first
screen will take you to the Input/
Output control menu. From this menu,
you have the following options:

1. Clear: Entering 1 will clear the
graph currently in memory.

2. Load: Press 2 to load a pre-
viously saved graph from disk.
Enter the filename or enter DIR
for a disk directory. The graph will
now load and be displayed. Press
any key to continue.

3. Save: Pressing 3 enables you to
save the graph in memory to disk.
Enter the filename you want to use
to save the graph or enter DIR for
a disk directory. After the graph is

saved, you will return to the
Input/ Output menu.

4. Display: To draw the chart you
currently have defined from the
control editor, press 4. (See the
Plot chart option for more infor-
mation.)

5. Demographics to Screen: Press
5 to see the demographics of the
data you have selected on the
screen. This will display the chart
title, percentages, labels and units
for the data in memory, and will
display the amount of data ac-
counted for pictorially in the
graph. Press any key to continue.

6. Demographics to Printer: If you
press 6, the graph data is sent to
the printer.

7. Exit: Press 7 to return to the
Control Editor.

Monitor Selection

Due to a flaw in the CoCo 3 system
design, you cannot use the same color
values to drive both an RGB-A and
Composite monitor. Tell Pie Plotter
which type of monitor you are using in
Line 10. Change the variable to equal
1 if you are using a composite monitor
or color TV, or leave the variable set at

MLBASIC 2.0 - BASIC Compiler

If you want your BASIC programs to run up to 50 times faster, or want more
programming features without learning another language, MLBASIC is for you.

MLBASIC Is the most compatible BASIC compiler available for the Color Com-
puter. WHY? Because MLBASIC fully supports:

- Low- and high-resolution graphics

- All types of I/O (disk, screen, printer, RS232)

- All available commands offered with BASIC
- Floating point functions and expressions

• Integer, floating point and string type variables and arrays

- Use of all available 51SK BAM in the COCO 3

- 80,40 or 32 column text displays

MLBASIC not only contains everything that you would expect a BASIC pro-
gramming language should contain, MLBASIC has features that offer flexibility
of other languages like C, Pascal, FORTRAN and even assembly language. These
features will allow programmers to directly access the CPU registers on the
COCO, produce modular program code with SUBROUTINES, manipulate memory
in blocks, and even call ROM routines in other areas of memory.

MLBASIC revision 2.0 has incorporated all enhancements that were
suggested by MLBASIC 1.0 users and more. Revision 2.0 did away with all the in-
compatibility problems that existed with revision 1.0.

MLBASIC allows for the first time user to quickly compile a program using
default compiler settings. The advanced user has the capability of controlling
over a dozen settings which control where the program is compiled, which
medium to compile to (memory or disk), string space, compiler listings and
more.

With all thiB going for MLBASIC, your might expect the cost to be a little out
of your budget. Alter looking at prices of other BASIC compilers for the COCO 3
you might be correct. But look again at this ad; for only $59.95, you can have a
programming language that will spark your interest once again in the COCO.

Before you buy another BASIC compiler for the COCO, find out if it supports
everything MLBASIC supports. Then look at the price tag. We feel that it won't be
long before you place an order for MLBASIC.

"MLBASIC is a Rne program for any serious programmer, "
said David Gerald In the December 1 987 RAINBOW.

ONLY $ 59 98

COCO 3 WITH DISK REQUIRED -Add S4.00 Postage
Check, Money Order or COD accepted
Foreign orders use U.S. MONEY ORDERS only.

WASATCHWARE

7350 Nutree Drive
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
Phone (801) 943-1546

"I cannot imagine the CoCo 3 without ADOS-3;
it would not be a complete machine."

The RAINBOW, July 1987

You've moved up to a CoCo 3. A powerful new machine. Now, it's time to
give BASIC a shot in the arm, with ADOS-3. Wouldn't it be nice to turn on your
machine and be greeted by an 80-column display, in the colors of your
choice, with your own custom startup message? To run routinely at 2 MHz
(double speed) without having to slow down for disk and printer operations?
This and much, much more Is possible with ADOS-3, our CoCo 3 adaptation
of the acclaimed original ADOS, which shares the original's virtual 100%
compatibility with commercial software. After customizing ADOS-3 using the
provided configuring utility, you can have it burned into an EPROM that plugs
into the Disk BASIC ROM socket, or just use it in RAM as a disk utility. (EPROM
+ burning will cost SI 5-20; we provide information concerning how you can
have this done.) Supports double-sided drives (35, 40, or 80 tracks). FAST and
SLOW commands, auto line number prompts, RUNM command, keystroke
macros, arrow-key scroll through BASIC programs, auto-edit of error line, and
many more valuable features.

"ON A SCALE OF 1 TO 10, I RATE ADOS-3 A SOLID 15." RAINBOW, 7/87

Disk , . . S34.95 Original ADOS for CoCo 1 or 2 . . . S27.95 (See 6/87 RAINBOW review)

Original ADOS plus ADOS-3 $50.00

THE PEEPER

ML program tracer that multitasks with the target program, An excellent
learning tool for the ML novice; an invaluable debugging aid for the expert.
CoCo 1, 2, or 3 compatible.

Disk . . . $23.95 Assembler source listing . . . Add S3.00

MONITOR CABLES for CoCo 3

Magnavox8CM515/8CM505/8CM643 .

$19.95 SonyKV1311CR

$29.95

SPECTROSYSJEMS

11 111 N. Kendall Drive,
Suite A 108
Miami, Florida 33176
(305) 274-3899 Day or Eve.

No delay on personal checks •Please add $2 00 shipping • Sorry no credit cards or COD's, h

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 45

0 if you are using a black and white
television or an RGB-A monitor.

Sample Session

To get started, pretend you are writ-
ing a report about how people spend
their time on the weekends. You have
sampled several groups of people and
have 487 responses covering all ages.
You now need a way to effectively
communicate this information to your
reader. With my program, you can plot
a pie graph of this information. To
begin, start the program with no infor-
mation in the editor.

Through your study, you have deter-
mined that 120 of the people polled
spend their weekends shopping. Press
M to modify a slot in your graph, and
enter 1 to modify the first blank in your
graph. Now enter 120 to signify the
number of people represented by this
slot. Next enter the label to go along
with this: SHOPPING.

Next you have 54 people who like to
travel on the weekend. Again, press M
and enter 2 to alter the second slot.

(Remember, Slot 1 has been filled.)
Enter 54 to signify the number of people
traveling and enter TRfiVEL for the label.

Now you have 87 people who like to
go to the beach for the weekend. Press
M and enter 3. Now enter 87 for the
number of people and RT BERCH for the
label.

You have a majority of your survey,
98 people, who like to stay at home,
watch TV, or do things around the
house all weekend. Press M and enter
4. Enter the number 98 for this group
and label them 5TRY5 HOME, You also
have a group of people who work on the
weekend. Press M and the number 5 to
modify Slot 5. Now enter the number
90 and label this group WORK. Finally,
to round off your survey, you have 38
people who don't fit into any specific
category. Press M and enter 6. Now
enter the number 38 and then label the
group MISC.

To title your graph, press T, type
What People do on a Weekend and
press ENTER. Your graph is now com-
plete. To view it, press P. The graph will

be drawn and displayed. Press any key
to return.

Now you can save, change, or do
whatever you want with your graph.
That should help you get started. Have
fun and happy graphing.

A Note to Tape Users

A final note to CoCo 3 tape users: It
is possible to change the program to
allow tape saving and loading. All you
have to do is change all Is in the pro-
gram to negative 1 s. These will be found
only in the save and load portions of the
program, which are set off by REM
statements.

In addition, you must delete any
portion of the program dealing with
disk usage (Ex: directory viewing). This
is all listed at the end of the program
listing.

(Questions or comments about the
program may be directed to the author
at 1630 N. Johnson Street, South Bend,
IN 46628. Please include an SASE if
requesting a reply.) □

6 17

40 20

58 45

92 173

110 54

140 114

170 195

196 105

END 55

The listing: PIECHRRT

j3 ******************************

2 '* PIE CHART DISPLAY UTILITY *

4 '* WRITTEN BY ERIC A. WOLF *

6 1 * FOR A 12 8K TANDY COCO 3 *
8 ******************************

lp MN=J3 1 i 0=RGB / 1=CMP

12 IF MN=J3 THEN RGB:MN$="j3j311223

654244J3482644575259606356" ELSE

CMP :MN$="j3j313 114507392 1543 602 173

416326332"

14 FORY=0 TO 15: PALETTE Y,VAL(MI

D$(MN$, Y*2+l,2) ) : NEXTY

16 POKE65497,0:ATTR0,4:PCLEAR1:C

LEAR3200:DIM D ( 15) , D$ ( 15) : GOSUB6

18 AD=&HF09D:FORY=AD+256 TO AD+2
62: POKE Y, 255: NEXTY: POKE Y,0:FOR
Y=AD+216 TO AD+223:POKE Y,255:N
EXT:Y=AD+216:POKE Y,0:POKE Y+2,J3
:POKE Y+7,0:POKE ¥+5,j3:AD=p
2J2J ATTR0,0:WIDTH40:CLS1:ATTR6,0:
PRINT" The Color Computer 3 P
ie Plotter" : ATTR5,J3 :PRINTTAB (9) ;
"Written by Eric A. Wolf":ATTR4 /

0:PRINTTAB(3) ;"For a 128k TANDY
Color Computer 3" :ATTR5,0: PRINTS
TRING$ (40, "-") ; :LOCATE12,5:ATTR5

22 PRINT "CONTROL SETTINGS";

2 4 ATTR0,0:T=0:FORY=1TO14:T=T+D(

Y) : NEXTY: IF T=0 THEN T=.01

2 6 FORY=l TO 14 : LOCATE0 , 6+Y : PRIN
TSTRING$(2 6,32) ; : LOCATE3-LEN(STR
$(Y) ) , 6+Y:PRINTY; : LOCATE 3 , 6+Y: PR
INT" ) " ; : LOCATE 4 , 6+Y : PRINTD (Y) ; : L
OCATE10,6+Y:PRINTD$(Y) ; : Z=INT ( (D
(Y)/T)*100)

28 Z$=STR$(Z) :Z$=RIGHT$(Z$,LEN(Z
$)-l)+"%": LOCATE 25-LEN(Z$) ,6+Y:
PRINT Z $ ; : NEXTY : ATTR5 , 0 : LOCATE 2 6 ,
8: PRINT" (S)hadow Pie?";
30 LOCATE2 6 / ll:PRINT"(M)odify En
try" ; : LOCATE 2 6 , 13 : PRINT" (P) lot C
hart" : LOCATE 2 6 , 15 : PRINT" (I) nput/
Output" ; : LOCATE 2 6 , 17 : PRINT" (C) le
ar data" : LOCATE 2 6 , 19 : PRINT" (D) eg
ree start" ;

32 IF SH THEN A$="YES" ELSE A$="
NO"

3 4 ATTR6,0:LOCATE30,9:PRINT"- ";
A$ : LOCATE 30 , 18 : PRINTSTRING$ (8,32
) : LOCATE 3 2,20: PRINTAD : ATTR5 , 0

3 6 B$=STRING$ (40,32): ATTR6 , 0 : LOC
ATE0 , 21 : PRINTB$ : LOC ATE 0 ,22: PRINT
" (T) ITLE> " ; : ATTR2 , 0 : PRINTT$ : ATT
R5,0

38 LOCATE3 3,23:FL=0

46 THE RAINBOW January 1989

ECTOR
S-69B

VIDEO
DIGITIZER
FOR THE
COCO 3

(AND ALL OTHER COCOS . . .)

''''''

COCO 3 SCREEN

USE YOUR COCO 3 TO ITS FULL POTENTIAL!

Use The Micro Works' DIGISECTOR™ DS-69 or
DS-69B and your COCO 3's high resolution graphics
to capture and display television pictures from your
VCR or video camera. The DIGISECTOR™ systems are
the only COCO video digitizers available that
accurately capture and reproduce the subtle shades of
gray in TV pictures!

• COLOR: Add color to your screen for dramatic

special effects.

• HIGH RESOLUTION: 256 by 256 spatial resolution.

• PRECISION: 64 levels of grey scale.

• SPEED! 8 images per second on DS-69B,

2 images per second DS-69.

• COMPACTNESS: Self contained in a plug-in

Rompack.

• EASY TO USE: Software on disk will get you up and

running fast!

• COMPATIBLE: Use with a black and white or color

camera, a VCR or tuner.

• INEXPENSIVE: Our low price puts this within

everyone's reach.

POWERFUL C-SEE 3.3 SOFTWARE

This menu-driven software
will provide 5 and 16 shades
of gray to the screen and to
the printer with simple
joystick control of
brightness and contrast.
Pictures taken by the
DIGISECTOR™ may be
saved on disk by C-SEE 3.3
and then edited by our
optional MAGIGRAPH, or by COCO MAX or
GRAPHICOM. This versatile new software is included
in both DIGISECTORS™

DS-69B and C-SEE 3.3
DS-69 and C-SEE 3.3

$149.95
$ 99.95

TRADE IN YOUR OLD DIGISECTOR™

If you already have one of The Micro Works' DS-69 or
DS-69A DIGISECTORS™, you may return it to us and
we will upgrade your unit to a DS-69B.

UPGRADE DS-69A to DS-69B
UPGRADE DS-69 to DS-69B

$49.95
$69.95

The DS-69B comes with a one year warranty. Cameras
and other accessories are available from The Micro
Works. DS-88 version available for IBM PC.

NO RISK GUARANTEE

If you are not completely satisfied with the performance of your new
DS-69B, you may return it, undamaged, within ten days for a full
refund of the purchase price. We'll even pay the return shipping. If
you can get any of our competitors to give you the same guarantee,
buy both and return the one you don't like. We know which one
you'll keep.

Terms: Visa, Mastercard, Check or C.O.D.

Purveyors of Fine Video Dlgiltzers Since 1977.

P.O. Box 1110 Del Mar, CA 92014 (619) 942-2400

40 A$=INKEY$:IFA$="S" THEN FL=1:
IF SH=1 THEN SH=0:GOTO32 ELSE SH
=1:GOT032

42 IFA$="T" THEN L0CATE9 ,22: ATTR
6,0:PRINT STRING$(60,32) ;: LOCATE
9 ,22: LINE INPUT T$:T=LEN(T$) :T$=L
EFT$(T$,28) :IF T>28 THEN 20 ELSE
36

44 IF A$<>"M" THEN 50 ELSE LOCAT
E0 , 2 2 : PRINTSTRING$ (40,32);: LOCAT
E0,22:LINEINPUT"Modify what unit
(1-14/999 = exit) >";M$:M=VAL(M
$):IF M=0 OR M>14 THEN 50
4 6 ATTR 6 , 0 : LOCATE 0,22: PRINTSTRIN
G$ ( 40 , 3 2 ) ; : LOCATE0 ,22: INPUT"Ente
r new unit VALUE ";D(M):IF D(M)>
9999 THEN 46

48 LOCATE0,22:PRINTSTRING$(40,32
) / : LOCATE0 , 22 : INPUT"Enter new un
it LABEL ";D$(M):IF LEN(D$(M))>1
1 THEN 48 ELSE 24

50 IF A$="D" THEN AD=AD+2 : FL=2 : I

F AD>359 THEN AD=0

52 IF A$="I" THEN 108

54 IF A$="C" THEN LOCATE0 , 22 : PRI

NTSTRING$(40,32) ; : LOCATE0 , 22 : INP

UT"Sure you want to clear this (

Y/N) ";A$:IF LEFT$(A$,1)=»Y" THE
N GOSUB68:GOTO20 ELSE 32
56 IF A$="P" THEN C2=CO:GOSUB 78
: EXEC4 4539: HSCREEN0 : CO=C2 : GOTO20
58 IF FL=1 THEN 20 ELSE IF FL=2
THEN 32 ELSE 40
60 GOTO 60
62 •

64 REM ** CLEAR DATA TABLES **
66 '

68 B$=STRING$ (11,46) :F0RY=1T014:

D$(Y)=B$:D(Y)=0:NEXT:D(15)=9999:

SH=1 : SC=1 : MC=14 : C0=1 : T$="NO TITL

E":AD=0:ST=1

70 RETURN

72 1

74 REM ** PLOT PIE CHART **
76 '

78 HSCREEN2:X1=77:Y1=100:RD=77:C
O=ST:R1=RD/2:R2=5:T=0:C=0:IF SH
THEN HCIRCLE(X1+R2-2,Y1+R2) ,RD,1
5 : HPAINT (Xl+4 , Yl+4 ) , 15 , 15 : C1=0
80 C=C+1:IF D(C)=9999 THEN 86 EL
SE T=T+D(C) :GOTO80
82 IF D(C) THEN C1=C1+1
84 GOTO80

86 IF T=0 THEN T=.0001

88 TX=10-INT(Cl/2)

90 C=C-l:AO=AD/3.6:FOR Y=l TO C:

HCOLOR C0:HCIRCLE(X1,Y1) ,RD:IF F

IX((D(Y)/T) *100)=0 THEN 98 ELSE

AN=AO : Al=AO : GOSUB100 : HLINE ( XI , Yl

)-(X2,Y2) ,PSET

92 AN=100* (D(Y)/T)+AO:AO=AN:A2=A

N : : GOSUB100 : HLINE (XI , Yl ) - (X2 , Y2 )

, PSET : AN=A1+ ( A2 -Al ) /2 : RD=RD-R1 : G
OSUB100: HPAINT (X2,Y2) :RD=RD+R1
94 A$=STR$(FIX(D(Y)/T*100) ) :A$=R
IGHT$ ( A$ , LEN (A$ ) -1) I A$=STRING$ ( 3
-LEN(A$) , " ")+A$:A$=A$+"% @@ "+D
$(Y) :HPRINT(19,TX) ,A$:TX=TX+1
96 CO=CO+l:IF CO=MC+l THEN CO=ST
98 NEXTY:HCIRCLE(X1,Y1) ,RD,0:HCO
LOR15:A$=STRING$( (40-LEN(T$) )/2-
1,59)+" "+T$+" "+STRING$( (40-LEN
(T$) j/2-1,59) :HPRINT(0,0) , A$ : RET
URN

100 A=AN/57.141*3.6:X2=X1+SIN(A)
*RD : Y2=Yl-COS (A) *RD : RETURN
102 '

104 REM ** INPUT/ OUTPUT
106 •

108 HSCREEN0 : CLS : ATTR6 ,0 : PRINTTA
B(3);"PIE CHART INPUT/ OUTPUT CON
TROL MENU" : ATTR 5 , 0 , U : PRINTSTRING
$ ( 40 , 3 2 ) / : ATTR6 , 0 : PRINT : PRINTTAB

(9) "Please select a choice" :ATTR
5,0 : PRINT: PRINTTAB (42) "1. Clear
the data in memory" : PRINT
110 PRINTTAB ( 2 )" 2 . Load in a cha
rt from disk" : PRINT: PRINTTAB (2) "
3. Save a chart to disk" : PRINT: P
RINTTAB (2 ) "4 . Display the chart
in memory" : PRINT: PRINTTAB (2) "5.
Print chart demographic (Screen)
" : PRINT

112 PRINTTAB ( 2 )" 6 . Print chart d
emographic ( Printer) " : PRINT : PRIN
TTAB(2)"7. Exit back to the Sett
ings Control"

114 ATTR6,0:LOCATE10,21:INPUT"Yo

ur Choice > ";CH:IF CH<1 OR CH>7

THEN 114
116 IF CH=1 THEN GOSUB68 : GOTO20
118 IF CH=4 THEN C2=CO : GOSUB78 : E
XEC44539 : C0=C2 : GOTO 10 8
120 IF CH=5 THEN D=0:GOTO138
122 IF CH=6 THEN D=-2:GOT0138
124 IF CH=7 THEN 20
126 IF CH=3 THEN 178
128 IF CH=2 THEN 196
130 STOP
132 1

134 REM ** PRINT DEMOGRAPHIC
136 ■

138 CLS: IF D=-2 THEN LOCATE0,12:

PRINT"Ready printer and press an
y key to begin" ; :EXEC44539 :POKE6
5496,0

140 V=0 : CLS: PRINT # D, " TITLE: ";T
$:PRINT#D: PRINT #D," PERCENT LA
BEL"+STRING$ (11,32) +"UNITS " : PRIN

48 THE RAINBOW January 1989

T#D," ";STRING$(35,"-") :F0RY=1T0
14: IF D(Y)=j3 THEN 148 ELSE PRINT
#D,» »;:PRINT#D,USING(»##.##") ; (

D(Y)/T*100) ; :V=V+INT(D(Y)/T*100j3

0)/100:P$=" % - »

142 P$=P$+D$(Y)+STRING$(16-LEN(D
$(Y)) ,32)+"(«

144 P1$=STR$(D(Y) ) :P1$=RIGHT$ (PI
$ / LEN(Pl$)-l) :P$=P$+P1$+") "
146 PRINT #D,P$
148 NEXTY

15)3 PRINT#D, 11 " ;STRING$(35,' 1 -") :
PRINT#D, USING ("###.##") ;V; : PRINT
#D," % accounted for in graph" :P

RINT#D: PRINT#D
152 IF D=0 THEN EXEC44539
154 POKE65497,0:GOTO 108
156 •

158 REM ** INPUT A FILENAME
160 1

162 ATTR5,j3 : LOCATE^, 3 : PRINT "Ente

r the filename of the graph in w
hichyou want to load or type DIR

and enter to view the disk dir
ectory of a drive orenter EXIT t
o exit back to the menu " : ATTR6 , 0
164 LOCATED , 8 : LINEINPUT"Filename

(or DIR)=-> " ;F$:IF F$o"DIR M T
HEN RETURN

166 ATTR5 ,0 : LOCATE j3 , 9 : LINEINPUT"

Directory of what drive (0-3) >"
;D$:DR=VAL(D$)

168 IF DR<0 OR DR>3 THEN 166 ELS
E PRINT: :ATTR6,0: POKE65496,0: DIR
DR: PRINT: PRINT "Free Gans= " ; FRE

E(DR) :EXEC44539:POKE65497,j3
170 RETURN
172 •

174 REM ** SAVE A FILE
176 '

178 ATTR6 , 0 : CLS : LOCATE 3 , 1 : PRINT"

- Save in a pie graph to disk -"
:GOSUB162

180 IF F$="EXIT" THEN 108
182 IF F$="DIR" THEN 178 ELSE AT
TR6 , 0 : CLS :A$=" Save the file "+F$
: LOCATE2 j3-LEN ( A$ ) / 2 , 5 : PRINTA$ : LO
CATEj3 , 10 : ATTR5 , 0 : PRINT"Press SPA
CEBAR to save the file or pressa
ny other key to exit back to the
Input/Output Menu . . "

184 A$=INKEY$:IFA$=" " THEN 186
ELSE IFA$<>"" THEN 108 ELSE 184
186 ATTR6 , 0 1 LOCATE 10 ,15: PRINT "Sa
ving Graph Now. . . . " : POKE65496 , 0 :

0PEN"0",#1,F$

188 PRINT#1,SC:PRINT#1,ST:PRINT#

1 , MC : PRINT # 1 , SH : PRINT # 1 , DG : PRINT
# 1 , AD : PRINT# 1 , T$ : F0RY=1T015 : PRIN
T#1,D(Y) :PRINT#1,D$(Y) :NEXTY:CLO
SE#1:POKE65497,0:GOTO108 ,
190 '

192 REM ** LOAD A FILE
194 1

196 ATTR6 , 0 : CLS : L0CATE4 , 1 : PRINT"

- Load a pie graph from disk -":
GOSUB162

198 IF F$="EXIT" THEN 108
200 IF F$="DIR" THEN 196 ELSE AT
TR6,0:CLS:A$="Load the file "+F$
: LOCATE 20 -LEN (A$ ) /2 , 5 : PRINTA$ : LO
CATE^f , 10 : ATTR5 , 0 : PRINT"Press SPA
CEBAR to load the file or pressa
ny other key to exit back to the
Input/Output Menu . . "

202 A$=INKEY$:IFA$=" " THEN 204
ELSE IFA$<>"" THEN 1J38 ELSE 202
204 ATTR6 ,0 X LOCATE 10 , 15 : PRINT "Lo

ading Graph Now. . .":POKE65496,0:
0PEN"I",#1,F$

206 INPUT#1 , SC : INPUT#1 , ST : INPUT#
1 , MC : INPUT* 1 , SH : INPUT* 1 , DG : INPUT
# 1 , AD : INPUT # 1 , T$ : FORY= 1T0 1 5 : INPU
T#1,D(Y) :INPUT#1,D$(Y) :NEXTY:CLO
SE#l:POKE65497,0

208 C2=CO:GOSUB78:EXEC44539:HSCR
EEN0 : C2=C0 : GOTO108
210 •

212 REM ** TAPE CONVERSION
214
216
218
220
222
224
226
228
230

To convert this program to
work on a tape system, you
must change all the #1 in
the lines above to #-1 and
delete the portion on disk
directory viewing.

« END OF PROGRAM »

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January 1989 THE RAINBOW 49

F e ature

Everything you ever
wanted to know about the Co Co
but were afraid to ask

Do You Have a Question?

You have bought your CoCo; you
have all the necessities — monitor,
cassette player or disk drive, and
RAINBOW magazine. YouVe all ready to
start using your Color Computer. Or are
you?

If you are like most new computer users,
you have some questions about equipment,
general computer care, and typing in, load-
ing, saving and running programs. There-
fore, we at THE RAINBOW would like to
take this opportunity in the Beginner's issue
to answer some of the more commonly-
asked questions about the CoCo.

CoCo Differences

Why does THE RAINBOW refer to differ-
• ent models of the Color Computer?

There are three versions of the Color
Computer, or CoCo: CoCo I, CoCo 2 and
CoCo 3. The newer the model, the more
power and capabilities it has available. The
CoCo 3 is the most powerful and versatile,
with 128K (128 kilobytes of memory, but
expandable to 5 12K) and the option of using
OS-9 Level II. (OS-9 is a sophisticated and
powerful computer operating system).

The first CoCo, which we now refer to as
the CoCo 1, started with 4K RAM (Random
Access Memory). It wasn't long before ways
were found for these machines to access
64K, with 32K available to the user for
BASIC programs. All CoCos contain ROM
in addition to RAM. The ROM (Read-Only
Memory) contains the BASIC language you
can use for writing your programs. ROM
interprets these programs by explaining to

Cray Augsburg is RAINBOW'S technical
editor and has an associate's degree in
electrical engineering. He and his wife, Ruth
Ann, have two children and live in Louis-
ville, Kentucky.

By Cray Augsburg

Rainbow Technical Editor

the computer what the program wants to do.

The CoCo 2 offers few capabilities over
its older brother. The most notable
differences include a smaller, sleeker case
design and a completely revamped circuit
board layout. A major difference is the lack
of 12-volt supply inside the machine.

The CoCo 1 and 2 are able to use two
different BASIC interpreters: Color BASIC
and Extended Color BASIC. Extended
Color BASIC offers several powerful fea-
tures not included in the plain vanilla Color
BASIC. These added features include math
functions and, perhaps more important to
many users, high resolution and graphics
capabilities.

The CoCo 3 uses only one ROM chip.
This chip contains "patched" versions of
Color BASIC and Extended Color BASIC, in
addition to new programming for the many
enhancements in the machine. This added
programming for colors, graphics, etc., is
often referred to as "Super" Extended Color
BASIC. It is because of these additions that
most CoCo 3 programs won't operate on a
CoCo I or 2. However, most programs
written for the CoCo I and 2 will run on the
CoCo 3.

C^How much memory is available in CoCos
% I, 2 and 3? How do I find out how much
memory is available in my machine?

The CoCo 1 and 2 can hold 4K, 16K, 32K
or 64 K of memory. The CoCo 2 was mar-
keted only in 16K and 64K varieties. To find
out how much memory you have, enter
?MEM and see what value is returned. In a
1 6K machine with Extended BASIC, you will
have just over 8K for BASIC programs. (A
disk drive will reduce this value by 2K.) On
a 32K or 64K CoCo 1 or 2 without a disk
drive, you will have exactly 24,871 bytes for
BASIC programs. A disk system will reduce
this value to 22,823 bytes. Keep in mind you
can gain an extra 4.5 K for BASIC programs

on any CoCo by entering PCLERR1. Of
course, this means you won't be able to use
graphics.

The CoCo 3 is sold as a 128K machine.
An upgrade is available to increase this value
to 512K. Entering ?MEM on a CoCo 3 will
return a value of 22,824 bytes (non-disk
systems return 24,872 bytes) regardless of
whether the machine is set for 1 28K or 5 1 2K.
This is confusing to many people — you
have only one byte more for BASIC pro-
grams on a CoCo 3 than on a CoCo I or
2.

The 6809 microprocessor in the CoCo can
address only 64K at any one time. 32K of
this 64K address space is taken up by the
programming in the machine (the BASIC
language and Disk BASIC). Of the other
32K, some is set aside for graphics. In
addition, the disk controller "eats" another
2K, and there is some system overhead. The
extra memory in a 128K CoCo 3 is used for
graphics and for Hi-Res (40- and 80-column
text). The memory above this in a 512K
CoCo 3 is not accessible by BASIC in ordi-
nary terms. In most cases, it isn't even
supported by third-party software. This
memory is intended for use with OS-9 Level
II. OS-9 Level II, through the use of fancy
memory management routines, gives you
access to the full 512K in such a machine.

What are artifact colors?

•

On a standard PM0DE4 screen, you can
use two colors. The CoCo gives us the option
of using a black and green set or a black and
buff (white) set depending on the values we
include with the SCREEN command.
SCREEN1 , 0 selects the black/ green set and
5CREEN1 , 1 selects the black/ buff set. If we
are using 5CREEN1,1, we can trick the
system into allowing us to use red and blue
as well — we have access to four colors. As
the name implies, artifact colors are false.
We can generate them because of a fault in

50 THE RAINBOW January 1989

the composite viewing part of the system. In
other words, artifact colors work only on
composite color monitors and televisions.
We cannot trick the RGB monitor in the
same way. Perhaps the best way to show you
what I am talking about is to illustrate the
point. Enter and run the following program.

10 PCLS

20 PM0DE4,1

30 SCREEN1,1

40 LINE(100,0)-(100-191) ,P5ET
50 LINE( 101,0) - (101-191) , PSET
60 LINE( 110,0) - (110,191) , PSET
70 LINE(115,0)-(115,191) ,PSET
80 GOTO B0

After running this program, you will
notice the two side-by-side vertical lines
created by Lines 40 and 50 combine to form
the foreground color. The vertical line
generated by Line 60 will be either red or
blue and the line generated by Line 70 will
be the opposite. The key is to remember that
alternating vertical lines will generate the
opposite artifact color. Note that I cannot
tell you exactly which color will be in which
place. This is the catch to artifact colors and
is the reason many CoCo 1 and 2 programs
instruct you to press the Reset button until
a certain color is achieved. Pressing Reset
allows the computer another chance to
"come up" with the correct color. Note that
this is not the case with the CoCo 3. Its
artifact set is predictable. If the colors don't
appear right, press and hold Reset, then
press and hold Fl. Now release the Reset
button followed by the Fl key.

C^Whats the difference between RGB and
• color composite video?

To achieve a composite color signal from
the computer, several different signals in the
CoCo are combined and then sent out to the
monitor over one wire. In an RGB (Red-
Green-Blue) system, information for each of
the three colors is sent to the monitor on a
separate wire. RGB display is generally
much clearer and crisper than that of a
composite monitor or TV. For more com-
plete information on monitors, see "A Guide
to RGB Analog Monitors for the CoCo 3"
(August 1987, Page 68) and "Monitor Up-
dates" (November 1987, Page 33), both by
Marty Goodman.

cpWhat are the differences among the

PMODE screens?

The Color Computer offers five different
PMDDEs in which to create graphics. As the
PMODE number moves from 0 to 4, the
resolution of the graphics screen increases.
In other words, PMODE0 uses large blocks
while PM0DE4 uses small dots (pixels) for
graphics. Some modes allow four colors

OLl tvll

R pcnliitinn
rvcouiiiijuii

I^UIIImCI Ui.

PMODE0

128-by-96

Colors
2-color

1 page

PM0DE1

128-by-96

4-color

2 pages

PM0DE2

I28-by-192

2-color

2 pages

PM0DE3

128-by-l92

4-color

4 pages

PM0DE4

256-by-l92

2-color

4 pages

Table 1

while others allow the use of only two colors.

The smaller the dots are, the more mem-
ory is required to store the picture. Memory
for graphics is allotted in pages. One page
of graphics memory equals 1,536 bytes.
Table 1 shows the five PMODEs, their reso-
lutions and the number of graphics pages
required for each.

The Color Computer 3 offers Hi-Res
graphics modes in addition to the PMODE
screens described. These modes are as
follows:

Screen

H5CREEN0
HSCREEN1
H5CREEN2
HSCREEN3
H5CREEN4

Resolution

low resolution

320-by-I92

320-by-192

640-by-192

640-by-I92

Colors

4-color
16-color
2-color
4-color

These H5CREEN modes require more
memory than the PMODE screens. However,
because of the memory management on the
CoCo 3, the memory used isn't taken from
the memory you use for your BASIC pro-
gram, as is the case with PMODE screens.

What languages can I use with my CoCo?
• What is a compiler?

Obviously, BASIC is the native language
of your CoCo. The machine is "born" with
it in ROM. In the past, you could run Logo
and Pascal (using the Deft Pascal compiler)
under Disk BASIC. Currently, you must
move to OS-9 in order to take advantage of
other languages. Radio Shack sells a C
compiler and a Pascal Compiler. In addition,
it offers D.L. Logo for the educational
market. Finally, OS-9 offers BASIC09. This
version of the BASIC language offers data
structures similar to Pascal and I/O format-
ting similar to FORTRAN, yet BASIC09 is
flexible and easy to use.

When you run a program in Disk BASIC,
each line of the program is interpreted by the
computer as the program is run. While
BASIC programs appear to work fast, this
method is actually fairly slow. A compiler
turns a source file — an ASCII text file —
into machine code. This machine code is
then run directly, or nearly so, by the
computer without the need for translating
each instruction during execution.

Typing in Programs

•J What do the numbers in the boxes shown
before RAINBOW'S listings represent?

The box you refer to is called the Check
Plus box. For longer listings printed in THE
RAINBOW, we provide this box of check-
sums to help you locate typographical errors
when typing in programs. The numbers in
the left-hand columns are line numbers in
the program, and the right-hand numbers
are the actual checksum values. Refer to
Rainbow Info on Page 16 of this issue, and
type in the Check Plus program you see
there. Save the program and then run it.
After it has run, start typing at the beginning
of the program you want from THE RAIN-
BOW Immediately after you completely
enter a line whose line number appears in the
Check Plus box, press the down arrow key.
A number will appear on the screen. This
number should match that given in the box.
If not, you know you have made a typing
error somewhere in the lines between the last
and current Check Plus line numbers.

cpWhat is a "packed" line?
•

When typing in a line of BASIC code, you
can enter up to 249 characters. However,
some programmers find that they need a few
characters more in certain complex lines.
These programmers discovered they could
add a couple of extra characters to the end
of the line using Extended BASIC'S EDIT
command.

To do this, type the line as far as you can.
When the cursor won't go any farther, press
ENTER. Then edit the line by entering EDIT,
followed by the line number in question.
Now, press X to initiate EDIT's extend
option; you will be able to enter three more
characters.

RAINBOW does not condone the use of
packed lines for two reasons: First, users
unfamiliar with the technique are left at a
loss as to how to add the last characters.
Second, if such a listing is saved in ASCII
format, the extra characters will be lost. For
these reasons, we suggest you refrain from
using the packing technique. Always check
your listings for packed characters. We do
our best to ensure there are no packed lines

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 51

the magazine. Sometimes a line will slip
jy, though, and it is important to know how
to handle the situation.

C^What is that upside-down, lowercase V/
• see in some program listings?

The upside-down V is called a caret{^).
In the computer world, this symbol is used
to denote exponentiation — the mathemat-
ical process in which a number is raised to
a power (multiplied by itself a given number
of times). The phrase X^2, which simply
means X*X, is commonly seen in listings.
The caret does not appear on the CoCo
keyboard. In order to generate it while
entering a listing, press the up-arrow key.
The screen will show an up arrow, but the
CoCo will interpret the character as a caret.
Printed listings will show the caret instead
of the arrow.

The caret is one of several special charac-
ters that can be generated from the CoCo
keyboard. Other characters available on the
CoCo keyboard, and the method used to
produce them, are as follows:

Character:
left bracket ([)
right bracket (])
underscore (_)
backslash (\)

Press:
SHiFT-down arrow
SHlFT-right arrow
SHiFT-up arrow

SHIFT-CLEAR

Cpfs there a way to make my keys click as

• they are pressed?

There is a way to get an audible indication
that you have pressed a key. The following
program will cause a tone to be played
through the monitor speaker every time a
key is pressed. Just run the program, type
NEW and start typing with sound. The
frequency of the tone can be changed using
the SOUND command (i.e., type SOUND
225,1).

1 REM KEYT0NE5

2 REM BY JRME5 PROVOST
10 FOR X=1536 TO 1551
20 READ A : POKE X,A

30 NEXT

40 POKE 360,6:POKE 361,00
50 DATA 52,a6,19B,l
G0 DATA 134,4,61,253
70 DATA 0,41,1B9,169
B0 DATA B6, 53, 86, 57

C^I get an SN (Syntax) Error in a specific

• line that I have typed in. I have checked
the appropriate line and it contains no
typing errors. What is the problem?

As stated in Brian White's article, "Learn
to Walk Before You RUN" (Page 78 of this
issue), a syntax error only occurs in the line
where the error exists. This does not mean
the error will be readily apparent. In some
cases, a glitch will cause an invisible error.
Simply retyping the line should clear this up.
Also, some CoCos will allow certain spacing

to be left out by the original programmer.
Other CoCos will balk at this lack of spac-
ing. Therefore, you might want to add some
spaces, following guidelines presented in the
CoCo manuals.

The other most frustrating error on the
CoCo is the FC (Function Call) Error. It
usually does not occur in the line the CoCo
reports to you. Let's say you have a line as
follows:

90 SOUND 263,5

The SOUND command cannot accept a
value greater than 255, so an FC Error is
generated when this line is executed. Now,
let's say you decided to use a variable in
place of the actual value and your program
goes something like this:

70 A=263

B0 PR I NT "HELLO"

90 SOUND A, 5

The computer would give you an FC
Error in Line 90, but the problem is not in
Line 90. That line is where the computer
figured out you made a mistake. The actual
error occurs in Line 70. Tracking down FC
and other errors can be difficult and frustrat-
ing. You can gain some tips and techniques
on this by reading "Don't String Me Along"
(October '86, Page 100) by Ellen and George
Aftamonow and "Escape From the Bug
Zone" (January '87, Page 59) by Eugene
Vasconi.

C^How can I stop a listing from scrolling by

• when I enter LIST?

You can stop the scrolling by holding
down the SHIFT key and simultaneously
pressing the k @' key. To start scrolling again,
press any key on the keyboard. This will also
stop execution of a BASIC program.

C^Why must I enter RUN twice to execute

• some programs?

Because of a bug the BASIC ROM rou-
tines, use of the PCLEAR1 command from
within a program will sometimes cause an
FC (Function Call) Error. If this is the case,

enter RUN a second time. The program
should run normally. Many programmers
"defeat" this bug by putting the command
at the end of the program and writing their
programs to work in the following manner:

10 GOTO 999

20 rest of program starts here and continues
999 PCLEAR1:G0T0 20

C^How do I type in machine language
• programs — with or without an as-
sembler?

Figure 1 shows how an assembly language
program appears in THE RAINBOW. This
example was taken from the October '88
installment of "Barden's Buffer" (Page 132).
Notice how the listing appears to be in col-
umns. While the first column shows the
addresses at which the program parts are
stored in memory, the second and third
columns are the actual machine code values.
The fourth column contains the line
numbers used in the source listing, and the
fifth column (the one with HUNDRD in it) is
the label field. The sixth column shows the
assembly mnemonics — instructions — used
in the source file. The seventh column has
the operands for the instructions, and the
last column is the comments column.

If you are going to use an assembler to
enter the program, you need to be concerned
with the fourth through eighth columns.
This is the actual source code used by the
assembler. The first three columns are the
resultant machine language code after
assembly. At this point, consult your as-
sembler manual to determine how it expects
you to type in the source code. Then carry
through the assembly process, and you will
be on your way.

Those without an assembler can enter the
machine language information in the first
three columns to get a working copy of the
program. You can do this with single values
as shown in Rainbow Info on page 16 of this
issue, or you might put together a BASIC
listing in the following manner: By looking
at the listing (keep in mind, we are concerned
with only the first three columns) we can
determine that the ML program occupies

3F00

99m

ORG

$3F00

3F00 8E

99U9

HUNDRD

LDX

#$400

POINT TO SCREEN

3F03 108E

9999

99V19

LDY

SET CHANGE FLAG TO 0

3F07 A6

991*9

ONE10

LDA

,x+

GET FIRST ENTRY

3F09 Al

99^9

CMPA

»x

COMPARE TO 1+1

3F0B 23

99159

BLS

ONE70

GO IF ENTRY I GE ENTRY 1+1

3F0D E6

00160

LDB

GET SECOND ENTRY

3F0F E7

00170

STB

-i.x

SWAP B TO A

3F11 A7

00180

STA

SWAP A TO B

3F13 108E

9991

00190

LDY

SET "CHANGE"

3F17 8C

05FF

00200

ONE70

CMPX

#$5FF

TEST FOR SCREEN END

3F1A 26

00210

BNE

ONE10

GO IF NOT ONE PASS

3F1C 108C

9999

00220

CMPY

TEST CHANGE FLAG

3F20 26

00230

BNE

HUNDRD

GO IF CHANGE OCCURED

3F22 39

00240

RTS

RETURN TO BASIC

9999

00250

END

Figure 1

THE RAINBOW January 1989

memory locations $3F00 through $3F22.
And we know that each of these 35 locations
can hold one byte (two hexadecimal digits).
Therefore, the BASIC listing we would
create, along with a means to save the ML
program to disk, would look like this:

10 CLEAR200 1 &H3EFF

20 FOR X=&H3F00 TD &H3F22

30 READ A: POKE X,A

40) NEXT

50 5RVEM"EXAMPLE/BIN'\&H3F00,&H3F22,&H3F00

G0 DATA &H8E, &H04, &H00, &H10, &H8E

70 DATA &H00, &H00, &HA6, &HB0, &HA1

B0 DATA &H84, &H23, &H0A, &HE6, &H64

90 DATA &HE7, &H1F, &HA7. &H84, &H10

100 DATA &HBE, &H00, &H01, &H8C, &H05

110 DATA &HFF , &H2G, &HEB, &H10, &H8C

120 DATA &H00, &H00, &H26, &HDE, &H39

Ols it possible to prevent the use of the
• BREAK key?

The following program will prevent the
BREAK key from working on the CoCo 1
and 2 except where commands such as
LINEINPUT and INPUT are looking for
input from the keyboard:

10 REM BREAK DISABLE
20 FOR X-&H14A TO &H150
30 READ A: POKE X,A
40 NEXT

50 FOR X=&H19A TO &H19C
60 READ A: POKE X,A
70 NEXT

B0 DATA 50, 98, 2B, 175, 126, 173, 165
90 DATA 126,1,74

On the CoCo 3, just enter the following two
pokes

POKE&HE414,0
POKE&HE42A,0

The Trials of Tape

cywhat can I do to prevent I/O (Input/
• Output) Errors when loading programs
on a tape system?

The most common cause for an I/O Error
when loading a tape-saved program is that
the user is starting the load process in the
middle of a recorded file. Make sure the tape
is positioned to the silent spot just before the
program you are trying to load. The quick-
est way to do this is using the AUDIODN:
N0T0R0N command. Simply type the com-
mand and press ENTER. At the OK prompt,
press the Play button on the recorder and
fast-forward or rewind the tape to the
approximate location before the file. Where
a program is recorded, you will hear a high-
pitched sound; a place of silence indicates
where the tape is blank — between pro-
grams. Quickly stop the tape during a silent
period, either by stopping the recorder or by
pressing any key on the keyboard and

ENTER. You can then type CLOAD to load
the next program on the tape, or you can
type CLOAD "filename" to have the comput-
er search for a specific program. That is why
it is important to leave a blank spot between
programs when saving more than one file on
a cassette.

Another cause for I/O Errors is an incor-
rect volume setting. Finding the right setting
for a specific tape sometimes takes some
effort. I suggest starting at a setting of 2 or
3. Then try to load the program. If it doesn't
load, try again after increasing the setting by
one half-step. Continue this process up to a
setting of about 8.

If the load still won't work, the alignment
of your recorder's playback head may differ
greatly with the alignment of the head on the
machine that recorded the tape. You can
alter the alignment with a jeweler's cross-
point screwdriver. To do this, disconnect the
recorder from the computer and set the
volume at a comfortable listening level. Play
the tape in question. With the tape playing,
put the screwdriver in the hole in the re-
corder's front panel. When you feel the
screwdriver "seat" in the screw, you can turn
it in either direction to change the head
position. As you turn the screwdriver, listen
for the crispest, brightest sound possible.
When you reach this setting, reconnect the
recorder to your CoCo and the program
should load with no problem. The drawback
to this method is that you will have to
readjust the heads for subsequent tapes.

METRIC INDUSTRIES, INC

Model 101

Serial to Parallel Printer Interface

* Works with any COCO

* Compatible with "Centronics" Parallel Input Printers

* Just turn the knob to select any one of 6 baud rates 300-9600

* Comes complete with cables to connect to your printer
and computer

* Can be powered by most printers

Model 104 Deluxe Interface
with "Modem Switch"

* Same Features as 101 Plus

* Built in Serial Port for your Modem or other serial device

* Switch between Serial Output and Parallel Output

* Comes with cables to connect to your computer and printer

* Can be powered by most printers

Model 105 Serial Switch

* Connects to your COCO to give you 2 switch selectable
Serial Ports

* Comes with a 3 foot cable to connect to your computer
it Now you can connect your Printer (or printer interface)

and your Modem (or other serial device) to your COCO
and flip the switch to use either device

* Does not require power

Cassette Label Printing Program

* New Version 2.1 prints 7 lines of information
on Cassette labels

* Comes on Tape with instructions to transfer to disk

* Menu driven, very easy to use

* Save and Load Labels from Tape and Disk

* Uses the features of your printer to print standard,
expanded, and condensed characters

* Automatically Centers Each Line of Text

* Allows editing of label before printing

* Program comes with 24 labels to get you started

* 16KECB required

Some of the Printers
That Can -

Supply power for the 101 and
1 04 are Radio Shack, Star,
Okidata, Brother, Juki, and
Smith Corona.

Some of the Printers
That Cannot -

Supply power for the interfaces
are Epson, Seikosha,
Panasonic, Silver Reed and
NEC. If your printer cannot
supply power to the interface
you can order your interface
with the "P" option or you can
supply your own AC adapter.
We recommend the Radio
Shack 273-1 431 AC adapter
with a 274-328 connector
adapter.

Write or call for more
information or for technical
assistance.

Price List

Model 101

Model 1 01 P
Model 104
Model 104P
Model 105

Cassette Label Program
Pin Feed Cassette Labels:
White 3.00/100
Colors (specify) 3.60/C
Red-Blue- Yellow-Tan

35.95

41.95
44.95
51.95
14.95
6.95

4 Pin Din Serial
COCO Cables:

Male/Male 6 foot
Male/Female 6 foot
Female/Female 6 foot
Other Lengths Available,

All items covered by a
1 year warranty

4.49
4.49
4.49

Ordering Info

Free Shipping in the

U.S.A. (except AK and HI)
on all orders over $50
On orders under $50
please add $2.50 for
shipping and handling
On orders outside the
U.S.A. please write or call
for shipping charges

You Can Pay By:

* VISA or MasterCard

* C.O.D. -add $2.25

* Or send check or money
order payable in U.S. funds

Metric Industries Inc.
P.O. Box 42396
Cincinnati, OH 45242

(513) 677-0796

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 53

However, I find this to be more convenient
than spending several minutes trying to load
a tape using other methods.

One final note: Whenever you are not
actually saving or loading a file from tape,
make sure the recorder's Play button is not
depressed. Leaving the Play button down
causes a crimp in the tape and I/O Errors
that cannot be corrected.

f^How can I verify a program save to

• cassette?

Rewind the tape to the silent spot just
before the newly saved program. Then enter
SKIPF "filename" '. This will cause the
system to "read through" the saved file. If
you don't get an error message, it's a safe bet
you have a good save of the program. Note
that this does not verify the program will run
(who knows what errors lurk within the
program?), but it will ensure there are no 1/
O errors where the program is saved.

C^What is ASCII, and how can I save a

• program in ASCII format?

ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange) is a text format in
which each byte holds one single character.
When you enter CSfWE" filename" or
SAVE" filename" , the program is saved in
tokenized format. In this format, BASIC
keywords are saved as one-byte tokens. For

example, the PRINT command is saved as
one byte instead of five (as would be the case
if the program were saved in ASCII). This
tokenized format, sometimes referred to as
binary or compressed format, saves space on
the tape or disk. To save a program in
ASCII, which is necessary in some cases (i.e.
for use with the Disk BASIC MERGE com-
mand), put , fl after the (C)SA VE command
(i.e., (C) SmZl"filename" ,f\).

Disk and Drive Dilemmas

(%What are the differences in DOS versions
Z (RS-DOS, ADOS, J DOS, etc.)? Why
does RAINBOW call RS-DOS Disk BASIC?

Let's look at the second question first. RS-
DOS is somewhat a misnomer. It is not a
true operating system that controls and
monitors the operation of the Color Com-
puter. Rather, it is a group of simple routines
that allow the user to save and load pro-
grams with a disk system. Therefore, RAIN-
BOW will refer to this pseudo-operating
system by its real name, Disk Extended
Color BASIC, or Disk BASIC for short.

Each alternate DOS for the Color Com-
puter offers features not found in standard
Disk BASIC. For instance, ADOS, the most
popular alternative, lets you customize your
CoCo by allowing you to more fully utilize

40-track drives. It can be set up to allow
command entry in lowercase, and it does
quite a bit more while allowing maximum
compatibility with Disk BASIC. I find that
most people will' try several alternatives
before finally choosing the DOS they feel
most comfortable with.

Which disk controller works with which
• Co Co and which disk drives?

In general, any disk drive will work with
any controller. Of course, when you buy a
Drive 0 system, you will receive a controller
with a matched drive. The earlier Radio
Shack controllers (Cat. No. 26-3029) will
work on the CoCo 1. They will also work
on the CoCo 2 and 3 if you use a Multi-Pak
Interface to supply the 12-volts required by
these controllers. However, using them on
the CoCo 3 is not recommended because
they are not entirely reliable at the higher
clock speeds used by some software, most
notably OS-9 Level II.

For general purposes, later revisions of
the Radio Shack controller work equally
well on any CoCo. In addition to Radio
Shack's products, there are many third-
party disk controllers on the market, like
Disto, Performance Peripherals, Sardis
T echn ologies, Hard Drive Specialists and
In general, these controllers will
*ine on any CoCo. Most incompatibil-

ity problems arise out of the differences in

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1) GRAPHICS PACKAGE:

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b. DIGITIZER DS-69 and C-SEE 3.3 S99.95

DS-69B and C-SEE 3.3 » 149. 95

2 ) MULT I PAKS «B0 . 00

Includes tiDgrade -for use on COCO III

3) FLOPPY DRIVES

a. OUME 142 DSDD New S75.00

b. Other Brands reconditioned and tested DSDD $60.00

SSDD *40.00

4) MEMORY UPGRADES

a. 512 UDgrade -for CoCo III (installed only) S160.00

You ship your computer to us 2nd Day Air UPS
We do the upgrade, test it and return it to
you by 2nd Day Air UPS. Total time 1 week.

5) HARD DRIVES

a. KITS FOR HACKERS

1. 5Meg » 120.00

2. 8Meg SI 40. 00

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Kits include a CMI hard drive.
WD1002-SHD SASI controller, power
supply and cables.

b. DISTO HD INTERFACE (when ordered with kit) »50.00

c. COMPLETE 20Meg SYBTEM • 350. 00

Svstem consists of 20Meq CMI drive,
WD1002-SHD controller. DIBTO HD INTERFACE
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with 0s9.

6) COMPLETE LINE OF DISTO PRODUCTS.

7) 0S9 DRIVERS AND DESCRIPTORS INSTALLED ON YOUR BOOT DISK

A service to our customers that enables them to start
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6) COLOR COMPUTER AND PERIPHERAL REPAIR.

We have complete reoair facilities including a class 100
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9) WARRANTY.

All product is sold with a 180 dav reDair/reol acenwnt
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other players armies to take control o-f their
provinces and de-fend yours- Play on a Hi-res map
of the planet. Take the "RISK" and be a
planet— lord today!!! Requires Coco 3 1 disk and
joystick or mouse. See Rainbow Review JULY 88

MYD05 *15.00 SSS

CUSTOMIZABLE! EPROMABLE ! ! ^SSP
The commands Tandy left out!
MYDQS is an enhancement to Disk Extended Basic 2.1
on the CoCo 3. One command loadm and execute -for
M/L programs. Lowercase command entry and display
on ALL screens. Screen echo and SAY command -for
RS Speech Pak. Paint and click mouse directory.

NEW FEATURES ! ! ! ! !
Supports double— sided and 40 track drives. Set
any palettes you want an power — up (RGB or CMP).
Power— up in any screen width and colors (or
monochrome) you wish! More options than you can
shake a joystick at!!! See Rainbow Review JUNE 87

HAWKSo-ft KEYBOARD CABLE 425.00

UNCHAIN YOUR KEYBOARD!
Five foot extender cable for Coco II and 3. Move
your keyboard "where you want it! Installation
instructions and tips included! Custom lengths
avai 1 i abl e.

HAWKSo-ft P.O. Box 7112
Elgin, II. 60121-7112
312-742-3084

SfcH always included. II. orders add 77. sales tax
Checks Money-orders or COD No credit cards.

54 THE RAINBOW January 1989

the DOS used in the controller. For 100
percent compatibility, request the controller
with Disk BASIC 1.1. Then choose alternate
ROMs as you deem desirable.

?p What are the differences between 35-, 40-
• and 80~track drives? Can you mix and
match them on a CoCo system?

From a user standpoint, the difference
between these drives is the amount of
information they can store on one disk. A
35-track, single-sided (SS) disk can store
approximately I56K. A 40-track, double-
sided (DS) disk will hold 360K, and an 80-
track DS drive will give you about 720K of
storage. Only 35-track drives are supported
under standard Disk BASIC. ADOS, a
popular third-party alternate DOS, allows
40-track DS drive use. However, its use is
limited even under this system since each
side of the drive is accessed separately. In
order to use a 40- or 80-track drive as a
contiguous storage device, you need to
operate in the OS-9 environment. OS-9's
disk routines allow the full use of any drive
system you have, and because of OS-9*s
modularity, you can mix and match drives
on one system quite easily* You simply need
to include a descriptor module for each drive
on your system.

1 suggest users purchase 40-track DS
drives. This allows what 1 consider to be the
greatest flexibility currently available.

Under Disk BASIC, you may be able tb use
only 35 tracks on one side of the drive.
However, these drives give you a head start
if you decide to go on to OS-9. Note that
while 40-track SS drives are still available,
to the best of my knowledge they are no
longer being manufactured.

*JDo I really need to buy a disk drive? What

• are the benefits?

No, you don't have to buy a disk drive.
Many users choose not to advance beyond
a tape-only system, and a disk drive is a big
purchase. However, owning a disk drive will
make your computing life much easier and
more enjoyable. A disk system is much less
prone to I/O Errors, and it does not take as
long to save and load programs. It is easier
to keep a system of backups for important
data and programs, and a disk offers a great
deal of storage capacity, with data quickly
retrievable. Finally, many commercial
software products are not available for tape-
only systems. The flexibility offered by disk
drive systems is nearly a must for any serious
use of the CoCo.

^ Why do I need to format a disk before I

• use it? How do I do this?

When you buy a blank floppy disk for
your CoCo, it is really just a piece of plastic
coated with a magnetic material. If you tried

to save data on this disk, the CoCo would
not know where to save that data. It needs
an organized way to store information on
the disk. The formatting process aligns the
magnetic particles in the disk's coating in
such a way as to divide the disk into con-
centric circles called tracks. Each of these
tracks is the same size and will hold the same
amount of data. Now the CoCo has a way
to organize the data it saves to disk. Using
information saved along with the data, the
CoCo can then load the data back in very
quickly.

To format a disk using the CoCo, place
the disk in Drive 0 (the only drive slot if you
have only one, or the first slot on the left or
the bottom slot if you have dual drives) and
enter D5KINI0. (To format a disk in the
second drive (Drive 1), type DSKINI1. After
a few seconds, the format will be complete
and you will be ready to save programs. One
note of caution is in order here: The format
process erases any programs you might have
in memory. Therefore, make sure you have
a formatted disk ready to receive your
program before you start typing it in.

C\How do I back up a disk and why do I
• need to?

Let's look at how to make a backup copy
of a disk. First you will need to format a
destination disk using the D5KINI com-
mand. The original disk that you want to

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Mini Contr

Radio Shack/Tandy controller compatible
Works on all COCOs with or without Multi-Pack
2 DOS switcher
Accepts 24 or 28 pin EPROMs
Low power draw and Gold plated edge connectors

This Muti-Board is an adapter that plugs
In any Dlsto Super Controller, Ramdisk or MEB Adapter.

It Includes a new and improved Printer Port (Centronics compatible),

a faster Real Time Clock (works at 2MHl) and a true RS-232

Serial Port (external 12 volt AC adapter required). DB25 cable included

It fits neatly inside the metal case and is still within Tandy's power
limits. It also works with or without a Multi-Pak

• Under OS-9:

• Buffered Read/Write sector achieved without halting the CPU,

• Continual use of keyboard even while reading or writing to disk.

• System's clock no longer looses time during Read & Write.

• NMI is blocked and transferred to IRQ in software for low CPU overhead.

• Completely Interrupt driven for fast & smooth Multi-Tasking operations.

• Drivers written by KEVIN DARLING

• Now Available at your Local Radio Shack store PN 90-2009

RS-232 SuperPack

A Stand-Alone (Multi-Pak required) adapter
that gives the user a true RS-232 Serial Port.
Completely compatible with 0S9'$ ACIA software.
Compatible with software that requires
the Tandy Deluxe RS-232 Pack.
DB-25 cable included.

SUPER ADD-ONS

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January 1989 THE RAINBOW 55

back up is referred to as the source disk. If
you have only one drive, place the source
disk in the drive and enter BACKUP 0 TO
0. The drive will start, and soon you will be
prompted to place the destination disk in the
drive. Wait for the red light on the drive to
go out before switching the disks in the
drive. As the backup process continues and
information is copied from one disk to the
other, you will be prompted to alternately
place the source, and then the destination
disk, in the drive. When you see the OK
prompt, the backup is complete. Now you
should have two copies of the original disk.

With a two-drive system, place the source
disk in Drive 0 and the destination disk in
Drive 1. Then enter BACKUP 0 TO 1. The
backup will begin. You will not be asked to
switch the disks in the drives. Note that you
could have placed the source disk in Drive
1 and the destination disk in Drive 0 and
entered BACKUP 1 TO 0. It is just a matter
of preference and convenience.

As our society places more and more trust
in the reliability of computer systems, more
people succumb to disk crashes and are
forced into the realization that backing up
of data is very important. Something as
minor as an electronic glitch can render
thousands of bytes of data useless almost
instantly. And, as with lightning, we never
know when disaster will strike. It is good
insurance to back up any disks on which you
have important programs and data. Always
have at least two copies of these important
files and store them in separate places. The
exceptions to this rule are copy-protected
third-party programs and quick scrap pro-
grams you write. In most cases, no provision
is made for backup of copy-protected soft-
ware. In addition, 1 usually have several junk
disks with bits and pieces of programs on
them. However, I back up any disk that is
important or that I want to keep.

On a related matter, I suggest using write-
protect tabs whenever possible. These are
just little pieces of tape that cover the notch
on the side of a disk. But they are important
— they make the disk so that it cannot be
written to. (If you attempt to format or save
data to a disk which has been "write-

protected", you will get a WP [Write Pro-
tect] Error.) 1 have on several occasions
formatted the wrong disk and lost important
data. Always be conscious of the safety of
your data and programs.

*^Is there a simple way to transfer my
• programs from tape to disk?

For BASIC programs, all that should be
necessary is to CLOAD the program from
tape and then save it to the disk using the
5f\\fE"filename" command. Machine lan-
guage programs are more challenging. If you
know the start, end and execution addresses
of the ML program, just CLOADM the
program and then save it to disk by entering
5AVEM "filename ", start address, end
address, execution address". If you donH
know the addressas, you can find them by
CLDADMing the file and entering the follow-
ing pokes to determine each address:

Start AddresS:

PRINT PEEK(4B7)*25G + PEEK ( 4BB )
End Address:

PRINT PEEK ( 12G ) *25G + PEEK ( 127 )-l
Execute Addressr

PRINT PEEK(157)*25G + PEEI<(158)

Once you have found this information,
save the program to disk as described above.

Magnetic and Electrical
Disturbances

^ What magnetic fields should I avoid with
• my disks and tapes?

The idea of a computer disk — a simple
piece of material capable of holding quite a

bit of information — is somewhat magical.
But the same magic that allows us to save
information, magnetism^ can also destroy
that data. Care must be taken when storing
and handling tapes and disks to ensure they
do not come into contact with magnetic
fields. The following guidelines will help
keep your data safe from this hazard:

• Set your equipment up so that the re-
corder, drives and tape and disk storage
boxes are placed away from the left side of
the monitor. The flyback transformer is
located there. Since it puts out a lot of
interference, it can cause I/O Errors.

• Never place a tape or disk on top of the
monitor. (Keep at least six inches away.)

• Always keep disks in their sleeves and in
an upright position in a covered case.
Cassettes should be kept in their boxes when
not in use.

• Never touch the tape within a cassette or
the actual disk media through the small oval
hole in the jacket.

• Write on your disk labels before placing
the label on the disk.

• Don't store tape and disk cases on or near
the floor (vacuum cleaner motors induce
magnetic fields that love to erase disks.)

• Those cute little refrigerator magnets for
holding notes are wonderful, but keep them
away from your computer area. It is easy to
put a tape or disk on a messy desk only to
find you laid it on one of those magnets.

The best way to send tapes and disks
through the mail is by sandwiching them
between two stiff pieces of cardboard and
putting them inside a manila envelope.
Some people choose to wrap the disks and
tapes in aluminum foil to bounce off rays.
While the appropriate people may not notice
it, it sometimes helps to write "Magnetic
Media — Do Not X-Ray" in bright letters
on the package.

Speaking of X-rays, always ask the at-
tendant to hand-check tapes and disks when
you come to the X-ray machines at the
airport. This will help you avoid any unplea-

ARE YOU READY FOR CHRISTMAS ?
IS YOUR CoCo READY FOR CHRISTMAS ?

WITH ALL THOSE CARDS & LETTERS TO WRITE YOU SHOULDN'T HAVE TO SPEND YOUR TIME ADDRESSING ENVELOPES.
LET YOUR CoCo DO IT. NOT JUSTTHIS YEAR BUT EVERY YEAR & ALLTHRU THE YEAR- USE

THE CoCo fijr^ ADDRESS BOOK

THE CoCo ADDRESS BOOK KEEPS TRACK OF RAINBOW NAMES & ADDRESSES I & PHONE NUMBERS

IN CASE YOU WANT TO CALL) PRINTS LABELS cenwrajTic* BY THE FILE FULL OR SINGLY AS YOU SELECT

THEM, YOUR CHOICE. THIS YEAR GIVE YOURSELF, YOUR FAMILY * YOUR COMPUTER - - A XMAS GIFT

THE CoCo ADDRESS BOOK

RUNS ON 32K CoCo 1,2 or 3 REQUIRES 1 DISK DRIVE & PRINTER
SENDASASE FOR MORE INFORMATION OR $20.00 + $2.50 S&H FOR THE PROGRAM

BOB'S SOFTWARE

P- O. Box 391 Cleveland, Ohio dd1Q7-Q391

56 THE RAINBOW January 1989

sant surprises when you arrive at your
destination.

Finally, always keep backups — just in
case. A little care and common sense goes
a long way toward ensuring your computing
enjoyment.

yCan / use a Co Co with a 220-volt power
• source, like those in foreign countries?

Strictly speaking, no. The Color Compu-
ter produced for the American market is
designed to run on 120 volts AC at a fre-
quency of 60 Hz. While voltage converters
are readily available that will allow the
operation of 120 VAC devices on 220 VAC
circuits, the frequency of the supplied power
in most foreign countries is 50 Hz, and
frequency converters are far less common
and relatively expensive. The frequency
difference may not present that great a
problem, but using the CoCo at the lower
frequency may cause the machine to run
much hotter. While I don't recommend
using an American CoCo in foreign coun-
tries, there are guidelines that may allow you
to do this in a safe manner. For more
information on the subject, refer to "CoCo-
ing Abroad" (November '87, Page 32) by
Marty Goodman and Don Hutchison.

Hardware for Your CoCo

yHow many different types of printers are
• available for the CoCo?

Printers currently come in three basic
types: dot-matrix, daisy-wheel and laser.
Most flexible for CoCo users is the dot-
matrix printer. It prints both graphics and
text, and most newer dot-matrix printers
offer letter-quality modes that give excellent
printouts. The daisy-wheel printers are
limited because they do not offer bit-image
graphics. Laser printers are priced out of
range for most CoCo users, and while they
offer excellent text output in a variety of
fonts, there are no commercial graphics

packages available for use with the CoCo.

The discontinued Color Graphic Printer
(CGP-220) from Radio Shack was great for
anyone interested in graphics. It worked well
with the new graphics packages for the
CoCo 3. The CGP-220 was an offshoot of
dot-matrix technology. Rather than driving
a pin onto an inked ribbon to print a dot,
this printer shoots jets of different colored
ink to form dots on the page. Many newer
dot-matrix printers offer color capability
through the use of special ribbons. For more
information about the different types of
printers, see Ed Ellers' "Printer Overview,"
(May '88, Page 110).

cpHow can I figure out the printer baud rate
• for a program?

When the Color Computer is turned dn,
the internal setting for printer baud rate is
automatically set to its default value of 600
baud* Most CoCo-compatible Radio Shack
printers have D IP-switch settings for higher
values, allowing quicker printing times. It is
possible, for instance, to set the Tandy
DM P- 130 printer to receive data at 2400
baud. In order for this to work, however,
you must also set the computer's internal
sending rate to 2400 baud. Failure to do this
will result in garbage printouts. A similar
situation will occur if you are using a serial-
to-parallel converter and it is set to some-
thing other than 600 baud. To change the
CoCo's sending rate, issue the appropriate
poke from the following:

POKE 150,1 9600 baud

POKE 150,7 4800 baud

POKE 150,18 2400 baud

POKE 150,41 1200 baud

POKE 150,87 600 baud

These pokes work equally well from within
a BASIC program or entered directly from
the keyboard. Some programmers use these
pokes in their programs published in THE
RAINBOW. We try to make a reference to
these pokes in accompanying articles. In
some cases, however, you might have to

search through the program for pokes to
memory Location 1 50. When you find them,
just change the poked value to the approp-
riate value listed. For more information on
printers and how they can be used, see my
article "Printer Diversions and Conver-
sions" (August '88, Page 142).

*%What is an EPROM, and how do you
• "plug it in " and use it? Do I need to be
a hacker to work with E PRO Ms?

The Color Computer uses two kinds of
memory for its operation: RAM and ROM.
RAM (Random Access Memory) can be
read from as well as written to. This is the
area of memory that holds the programs you
type or load into the CoCo. ROM (Read
Only Memory) is programmed at the fac-
tory. It holds the routines necessary for your
CoCo to recognize the commands you give
it. The contents of a ROM cannot be
changed.

On the other hand, an EPROM (Erasable
Programmable ROM) works just like a
ROM except that its contents can be
changed. An EPROM is an integrated
circuit chip that can be burned with a
program and then erased and repro-
grammed later. Many CoCo hackers alter
the contents of the original CoCo ROM, and
program the new routines into an EPROM.
Then they replace the original ROM in the
machine with the new EPROM chip, mak-
ing their changes permanent.

You don't really have to be a hacker to
replace a ROM with an EPROM. Basically,
all you do is pull one chip out of a socket
and put in the new chip. On the CoCo 3, this
is a little more difficult because the ROM is
soldered to the circuit board. In this case,
first desolder the ROM, replace it with a
socket and then plug in the new chip. In any
event, while such replacement does not
require that you be a hacker, some knowl-
edge of electronic equipment is most helpful.
You should also be familiar with the precau-
tions used to make sure you don't damage
the chips. Novices would be well advised to
have knowledgeable friends show them how
to make the change.

rtvife I n -f

Not just another checkbook program but a user -friendly, menu driven, disk based
information system. Keep track of deposits, checks, ATM withdrawals and other
account transactions. De-fine up to 36 categories to monitor expenses. Set up
automatic transactions -for such items as direct deposits and deductions. Balance
your account(s) in minutes! Other -features include multi-drive capability, display
and print options, check search on any -field, edit and delete capability and more.

CoCo 3 compatible
Printer optional

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

ter Fi ve Software
P.O. Box 210975
Columbia, SC 29221-0975
(803) 788-5995

Send check or M.D. for
$34.95 plus $3.00 S/H
COD orders: add $2.00
(SC res. add 57. sales tax)

Reviewed in RAINBOW, February 1988.

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 57

the rainbow is a teaching environment and we realize that the
majority of our readers will always be beginners. In our
continuing effort to always keep the new user in mind, and in
addition to the many beginner feature articles and programs
published in every issue, "Novices Niche" contains shorter
basic program listings that entertain as well as help the new
user gain expertise in all aspects of the Color Computer:
graphics, music, games, utilities, education, programming, etc.

Now or Never

By John Musumeci

You'll think you've been transported to romantic Venice,
Italy, when you load and run Mando. The program sketches
a lovesick Romeo standing in a gondola and clutching a
mandolin. After the scene is drawn and painted, the serenade
begins. CoCo imitates the sound of a mandolin — you can
actually hear the tremolo.

The listing: MflNDO

0 'MANDO

2 ****** MANDO *****

3 i *****************

4 ***** WRITTEN ****

5 i ****** BY *******

6 ' *****************

7 ■* JOHN MUSUMECI *
S 1 *****************

9 CLEAR500:CLS

10 PMODE3,1:PCLS:SCREEN1,0

11 B$="BM42,92;C4G8L5H5U5E5R15F5
M65 , 125 ;R90E50R10D10L10D5R5D10L2
0D5G30L25H5L5G5L10H5L5G5L10H5L5G
5L5M42,92"

12 P$="BM63 , 83 ; C4H3M77 , 77 ; F3M63 ,
83 ;BM66,82;M85,150;E3F3R4M74,80;
BM68,93 ;M75, 84 ;BM70 , 97 ;M77 , 90 ;BM
73 , 108 ;M80 , 100 ; BM75 , 115 ;M82 , 108 ;
BM77 , 122 ;M84 , 113 ;BM80 , 132 ;M87, 12

4 ; BM82 , 140 ;M88, 130 ;BM85 ,146;M91,
138 7"

13 W$= ,, BM0 / 137;C4R25U2E5R5F10R5E
10BR105;R15F5R5E5R10F5R10E5R30"

14 M$="BM105 , 125 ;M115 , 90 ;U20G5R1
0BM115 , 65 ;G10D3R15BM115 , 65 ;R17BD
5D20NL17D35BM132 , 65 /R8F3BM132 , 65
; BD5R10BM118 , 78 ;E3R7G3L5M118 , 78 ;
F4R3E7M150 , 67 ; F2E5H6G5F2M12 9 , 75 ;
BM110, 125;M125,100;D25"

15 DRAW B$

16 DRAW P$

17 CIRCLE (69, 74) ,8,4

18 DRAW W$

THE RAINBOW January 1989

19 DRAW M$

2J3 CIRCLE (12 4, 60) , 8 , 4 : PSET ( 122 , 5
7,4) :PSET(126,57,4)

21 CIRCLE (124 ,62) ,4,4, .12:DRAW"B
M117,6p;F3R3E2RF3R2E2"

22 DRAW"BMllp,55;R2pNR7U4Ll^D4"

23 PAINT (2 , 140) ,3,4: PAINT (210 , 8,0
) ,4, 4: PAINT (60, 125) ,4,4

24 PAINT (2, 2) ,2, 4: PAINT (120, 120)
,2, 4: PAINT (70, 85) ,4,4

25 PAINT (75, 100) ,4, 4: PAINT (80, 11
5) ,4, 4: PAINT (70, 75) ,4,4: DRAWBMl
14,93;R19":PAINT(117,91) ,4,4

26 PLAY"T1203"

27 1=1

28 READ I$,Z

29 IF I$="ZZ"THEN 37

30 FOR X=l TO Z

31 PLAY 1$

32 NEXT X

33 1=1+1

34 GOT028

35 DATA 04D,4,D,4,C#,4,03A,8,A,1
2,O4C#,4,C#,4,O3B,4,G,20,O4C#,4,
C#,4,03B,4,G,8,G,12,E,4,F#,4,G,4
,A,28,A,4,B-,20,G,4,O4D,4,O3B-,4
,A,20,F+,4,E,4,D,4,A,20,F+,4,E,4
,D,4,D,20

36 DATA ZZ,1

37 FORX=1TO3000:NEXTX:END

Bouncing off the Walls

By Etienne St Jean

CoCo3

This short program uses the PRLETTE command to
demonstrate all 64 colors on the CoCo 3. It animates a
bouncing ball that careens off the borders of the CoCo 3
screen, leaving a patterned trail behind it. The ball changes
colors at each move and the background changes color when
the ball touches the border.

The listing: BflLLDEMO

BALL DEMO
BY

ETIENNE ST-JEAN

P 1
10 1

20 1

30 1

40 POKE65497,0
50 CLEAR1000
60 D=2:X=50

70 PALETTECMP: PALETTE 1,0

80 HSCREEN2:HCIRCLE(100,100) ,30,

1:HPAINT(100,100) ,1

90 HBUFF1,1890

100 HGET(70,70)-(130,130) ,1:HCLS
110 M=M+1:IFM=63 THENM=0 : ELSE PA
LETTE0 ,M

115 IFI=0 ANDD=2 THEN GOTO140 EL
SEIF 1=0 ANDD=4 THEN GOTO240 ELS
EIF X=0 ANDD=1 THEN GOTO240 ELSE
IF X=0 ANDD=2 THEN GOTO 2 90
120 IF I=255ANDD=1THEN GOTO190 E
LSEIF 1=2 55ANDD=3 THEN GOTO290 EL
SEIF X=130ANDD=4THEN GOTO190 ELS
EIF X=130ANDD=3THENGOTO140
140 Z=255

150 HPUT(I,X)-(I+60,X+60) ,1,PSET
155 D=l:X=X-4: 1=1+6 : IFX<0 THEN X

=0:ELSE IFI>255 THEN 1=255
160 IFI>250 THENI=255:GOTO110
170 IFX<5 THENX=0:GOTO110

180 Z=Z-5:POKE140,Z:EXEC43345:Q=
Q+1:IFQ=63 THEN Q=0:ELSE PALETTE
1,Q:ELSE GOTO150

181 GOTO150
190 Z=255

200 HPUT(I,X)-(I+60,X+60) ,1,PSET

205 D=2:X=X-5: 1=1-7 :IFX<0 THEN X

=0ELSE IFK0 THEN 1=0

210 IF I<5 THENI=0:GOTO110

220 IF X<5 THENX=0:GOTO110

230 Z=Z-5:POKE140,Z:EXEC43345:Q=
Q+l : IFQ=63THENQ=0 : E LSE PALETTE 1 , Q
:ELSE GOTO200

231 GOTO200
240 Z=255

250 HPUT(I,X)-(I+60,X+60) ,1,PSET

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 59

255 D=3:X=X+8: 1=1+9 :IFX>13p THEN

X=130 ELSE IFI>255 THEN 1=255
260 IFI>250 THENI=255:G0T011J3
270 IFX>124 THENX=130:GOTO110

280 Z=Z-5:POKE140,Z:EXEC43345:Q=
Q+1:IFQ=63 THEN Q=0 : ELSEPALETTE1
,Q:ELSE GOTO250

281 GOTO250
290 Z=255

3pj3 HPUT(I,X)-(I+60,X+60) ,1,PSET
305 D=4:X=X+8: 1=1-7 :IFX>2 60 THEN

D=260: ELSE IFK0 THEN 1=0
310 IFK5 THENI=0:GOTO110
320 IFX>124 THENX=130:GOTO110
330 Z=Z-5:POKE140,Z:EXEC43345:Q=
Q+1:IFQ=63 THENQ=0 : ELSEPALETTE1 ,
Q: ELSE GOTO300
340 GOTO300

Like Pulling Taffy

CoCo 3

By Tio Babich

Despite its apparent simplicity, this program, Taffy Ball,
will create a very smoothly animated bouncing ball — that
bounces as if it's made of sticky taffy. Actually, the program
gives you two options: In addition to watching the taffy ball
bounce, you can watch two taffy balls revolve around each
other. For fun, experiment with the "speed" valve in Line 5.
The higher the number, the faster the animation. Taffy Ball
operates via timing idiosyncrasies in the CoCo 3, but it can
work on CoCos 1 and 2 (although you won't get a bouncing
ball) by changing Line 60 to this:

60 IF fi$="2" THEN POKE 65494,0 ELSE POKE 65495,0
The listing: TAFFYBAL

5 SPEED=2
10 CLS0

2 J3 PRINT " TAFFY - BALL- BOUNCE - CO CO 3

3j3 PRINT : PRINT "SELECT : " : PRINT" 1 .

TAFFY BALL BOUNCE
4j3 PRINT" 2. REVOLVING BALLS"
5j3 A$=INKEY$:IFA$=""THEN50
6J3 IF A$="2" THEN POKE 65496,0 E
LSE POKE 65497,0

7J3 SCREEN1,1:PMODE4:PCLS1:COLOR0
90 FOR G=0 TO 1 STEP .1
100 CIRCLE (128,70) ,40, G,G
110 NEXT G

120 POKE 140, SPEED 'BOUNCE SPEED

130 PM0DE1:SCREEN1,1

140 EXEC43345

150 PMODE3:SCREENl,l

160 GOTO 130

Doodle Ditly

By Bill Bernico ' 1

DoodlerS is a fun, menu-driven CoCo 3 program to take
your mind off databases, spreadsheets and other seriousness
for a while. Just load and run — you need no instructions.
Kids will like this.

The listing: DD0DLER3

1 'COLORFUL GRAPHICS DOODLER

2 1 A COLORFUL BREAK FROM THE

SERIOUS SIDE OF COMPUTERS

3 ON BRK GOTO 19 : RGB : HSCREEN2 : HC
LS8 : HCOLOR6 , 8 : HPRINT (15,2), "THE
DOODLER" : HCOLOR4 , 8 : HPRINT (15,5),
"(1) CIRCLES": HPRINT (15, 7) ,"(2)
SQUARES " : HPRINT ( 15 , 9 ) , " ( 3 ) DOTS "
:HPRINT(15,11) ,"(4) PLUSES" :HPRI
NT (15, 13) ,"(5) END

4 HCOLOR2:HLINE(llj3,10)-(220,140
) ,PSET,B:HLINE (105,5) -(225,145) ,
PSET , B : HPAINT (107,7) ,1,2: F0RV=1T
0300 : NEXT : PLAY"O4T60B" : HCOLOR3 , 8
:HPRINT(15, 16) , "SELECT (1-5)

5 S$=INKEY$:IF S$=""THEN 5

6 IF S$="5"THEN19

7 S=VAL(S$) :X=10:Y=10:Y=8:Z=2:HS
CREEN2 : HCLS8 : HCOLOR4 , 8

8 ON S GOSUB15,16,17,18

9 Q=Q+1:IFQ=84 THEN 14

10 X=X+2 6:IFX>299THENX=10

11 Y=Y+2 6:IFY>180THENY=8

12 Z=Z+1:IF Z>7THENZ=0

13 0=RND ( 5 ) : N=RND ( 12 ) : PLAY STR$ (
0) : PLAY" V30T60" : PLAY STR$(N):GOT
08

14 FORT=1TO1000:NEXTT:RUN

15 HCIRCLE(X,Y) , 19 :HPAINT (X, Y) ,Z
, 4 : RETURN

16 HLINE(X,Y)-(X+26,Y+26) ,PSET,B
: HPAINT (X+2,Y+2) ,Z,4:RETURN

17 HCIRCLE(X,Y) ,1,Z: RETURN

18 HCIRCLE(X,Y) ,2, Z: RETURN

19 WIDTH32 : END

THE RAINBOW January 1989

Psychedelia

By Alex Abraham

CoCo 3

Let Psycho hypnotize you with its ever-changing tapestry
of Hi-Res graphics. Psycho pokes the memory of the CoCo
3 into random and colorful lines. But give the program about
five minutes to compose itself — first it draws itself line-by-
line and then begins the metamorphosis.

The listing: PSYCHO

10 1 The Psychedelic Screen
20 1 By Alex Abraham

30 PALETTE 0,0
40 CLS
50 ATTR3 , 0
60 HSCREEN 2

70 FOR X=&H60000 TO &H67FFF

80 Y=RND(255)

90 LPOKE X,y

100 NEXT X

110 FOR X=0 TO 15

120 Y=RND(63)

130 PALETTE X,Y

140 NEXT X

150 GOTO 110

All Things in Progression

By Keiran Kenny

Progressive Quizzer is a quizzing program that works on
the Charade principle: You are given clues on a person, place
or thing. If you guess the answer on the first clue, you earn
the top score. If you give an incorrect answer or just press
ENTER to pass, you are given another clue. This goes on until
either you answer correctly or all the clues have been given.
The value of the score is one more than the number of clues
remaining after you guess correctly.

To mount your own quiz with subjects of your own
choosing, follow my examples in the DfiTfi lines 1000 through
2000. The identity of the first subject, Paderewski, is in Line
1000. Four clues follow, and in Line 1050 the DfiTfi X flag
marks the end of the subject. Lines 1060 through 1100 and
lines 1110 through 1 160 are the DfiTfi lines for the second and
third subjects.

You can have as many subjects or question "clusters" as
you want. Just make sure that each block of clues is followed
by DfiTfi X, as in Line 1050, and that your final DfiTfi line reads
DfiTfi ZZ. And, to be fair, your first clue should contain
sufficient information to permit a correct guess first time up.

The listing: PROGQUIZ

0 1 PROGQUIZ 1 by Keiran Kenny,

Sydney, 1988.
10 CLS

20 QZ=QZ+1 : READA$ : IFA$="ZZ"THEN1
60

30 PRINTS 2 2 8, "PROGRESSIVE QUIZ ,
NO. "QZ;CHR$(8) "."

40 PRINT : PRINTTAB ( 8 ) "PRESS ANY K
EY. "

50 K$=INKEY$ : IFK$=" "THEN50ELSECL
S

60 READB$ : IFB$="X"THENPRINT"ANSW
ER: "A$" . " : GOTO130ELSEN=N+1 : PRIN

TB$

70 INPUTC$

80 IFC$=" " THENPRINT " PAS S . " : GOT06
0

90 IFC$=A$THENPRINT"RIGHT! ":M=N:
GOTO100ELSEPRINT"WRONG" : GOTO60
100 READB$ ; IFB$="X"THEN110ELSEN=
N+1:GOTO100

110 IFM=N THENP=1ELSEP=N-M+1

120 Q=Q+P: PRINT "THERE WERE"N"CLU

ES. YOU GUESSED", "THE RIGHT ANSW

ER IN"M;CHR$(8) "."

130 PRINT " S CORE : " P ; CHR$ ( 8 )".",, "

TOTAL SCORE:"Q;CHR$(8) "."

140 PRINT@488, "PRESS ANY KEY.";

150 K$=INKEY$ : IFK$=" " THEN 1 50 ELS E

CLS : N=0 : M=0 : P=0 : GOT02 0

160 PRINT@192,"END OF QUIZ. TO R

EPEAT PRESS <R>OR END PRESS <E>.
ii

170 K$=INKEY$:IFK$=""THEN170

180 IFK$="R"THENRUN

190 IFK$="E"THENCLS : END

200 GOTO170

1000 DATA PADEREWSKI

1010 DATA I WAS BORN IN POLAND I

N 1860 ANDBECAME A FAMOUS PIANIS

1020 DATA I LIVED IN FRANCE FOR
MUCH OF MYLIFE BUT RETURNED TO P
OLAND AFTER WORLD WAR 1.

1030 DATA I BECAME PRESIDENT OF
POLAND IN 1919.

1040 DATA I DIED IN 1941 AND HAV
E BECOME A SYMBOL OF THE POLISH
PEOPLE'S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDA
NCE.

1050 DATA X

1060 DATA ALEXANDER

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 61

DATA I THOUGHT I HAD CONQUE
HE WORLD AND I WEPT BECAU
ERE WERE NO MORE WORLDS TO
UER.

1080 DATA 11 1 WAS EDUCATED BY ARI
STOTLE AND I CONQUERED PERSIA, E
GYPT AND INDIA.
1090 DATA LEGEND SAYS I CUT THE
GORDIAN KNOT .
1100 DATA X
1110 DATA WASHINGTON
1120 DATA I WAS BORN IN VIRGINIA
IN 1732 AND PLAYED A DECISIVE

ROLE IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF T
HE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
113 0 DATA I LED THE AMERICANS TO
VICTORY AT TRENTON AND YORKSTO
WN.

114 0 DATA I WAS TWICE ELECTED PR
ESI DENT OFTHE UNITED STATES.
1150 DATA I RETIRED IN 1793 AND
LIVED IN VIRGINIA UNTIL MY DEAT
H IN 1799.
1160 DATA X
2000 DATA ZZ

CoCo 3

255 Ways to Clear Your Screen

By Lee Deuell

CLS255 uses a special poke (POKE &HF6BC,255) to allow
CoCo 3 owners to customize their 40-column screens in 255
ways. It cycles through foreground-background color
combinations and even a "notebook" mode (the screen looks
like a page of ruled paper). On running, just press a key to
change the combinations. The listing is annotated with
remark (REM or ') lines; if you want, you can delete these
lines to shorten the program.

The listing: CLS255

2 'CLS 255 By Lee Deuell, (C)

8-12-88
12 RGB: WIDTH 40

20
24

28
32
36
40
44

Y=l

ON BRK GOTO 44
POKE &HF6BC,2 55
FOR X=Y TO 2 55
CLS X
EXEC 44539
NEXT X

LOCATE 13 ,10: PRINT
CLS" X;: PRINT CHR$(8);
LOCATE 1,21:
C to continue

"This is
PRINT".":
PRINT "Press
any key to end

48 EXEC 44539 :I$=INKEY$: IF I$=

"" THEN 48

54 IF I$= "C" THEN Y=X + l:GOTO

Counting the Words

By Rebecca Kastack

Word Counter is a utility that counts the number of words
(groups of letters bordered by spaces) in any data file you
specify — for cassette users only. This program comes in
handy for those times when you are required to write a paper
with a word limit. If you hate counting words as much as
I do, you will appreciate its talents! I designed Word Counter
to handle data files created by Color Scripsit II, but it should
work just as well with any other CoCo word processing file,
as well as with data files you create yourself. Just type in and
run the program — it works on all CoCos. It will ask you
for a filename and then request that you position the tape,
press Play and then ENTER. CoCo displays the contents of
the files while counting the words, and then displays the total.
If the program breaks with an error message, type GOTO 60
and press enter. This will usually fix it. But you may run
across some errors that can't be fixed that way. An FM Error
means the CoCo is trying to load the wrong file. On an AO
Error, type CLOSE tt-1 and start over. On an IE Error, type

GOTO 150 for a fix. With I/O Errors, you probably have a
bad tape, so try turning up the volume.

The listi

1
2
3
4
5

ng: WORDCNT

**************************

*<WORD COUNTER>
*BY REBECCA KASTACK

* BOX 47, SOUTH LANCASTER

* ONTARIO, CAN, K0C 2C0
**************************

10 CLS : LINEINPUT" FILENAME : 11 ;F$ : I
F LEN(F$)>8 THEN 10
20 PRINT M POSITION TAPE; PRESS PL
AY 11

30 PRINT"PRESS ENTER WHEN READY"

40 INPUT A

50 OPEN "I",#-1,F$

60 IF EOF (-1) THEN 150 ELSE INP

UT #-l,A$:A$=A$+" "

70 PRINTA$;CHR$(255) ;

80 IF LEFT$(A$ / 1)=".» OR A$= M " T

HEN 60

90 L=LEN(A$) :P=1

THE RAINBOW January 1989

100 I=INSTR(P,A$," »)
110 IF 1=0 THEN 140
120 IF I-P>0 THEN N=N+1
13 j3 P=I+1:G0T0 100

14 j3 GOTO 6j3

150 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT "CONTAINS"
;N;" WORDS,"
160 CLOSE #-1

$0*

Hit the Slopes!

By Gary Osborne

Downhill Racer is a nifty piece of "minimalist" program-
ming that shouldn't take you long to type in. In this game
you will become a skier and take on the treacherous slopes.
Use your right joystick to maneuver left and right, and press
the firebutton for a little "lift." 10 is a perfect score.

Downhill Racer was written on a CoCo 3 and uses the
BUTTON command. On a CoCo 2 you will have to change Line
5 to read:

5 U=U+4: IF(PEEK(65280)OR12B)=254 THEN U=U-4

If you don't like the green/ black screen, then change the
SCREEN 1,0 statement to SCREEN 1,1 in Line 3.

Yes, it is possible to make a "perfect 10" — but it's not easy.
Then again, perfection is never easy! See ya at the bottom!

The listing: DOWNHILL

1 PCLEAR8:CLS0:PRINT@2 34,"downhi
11"CHR$(128) "racer" ;: DIME (9) :FOR

Z=1T08:A(Z)=RND(195) :PLAY M T20ECV
-":NEXT:T=p

2 FORV=lT08:POKE1393,57-V:PMODEj3
,V:PCLS:B=RND(195) :C=RND(195) :D=
RND(19 5) :FORZ=j3T06j3STEP6j3:LINE(A
(V) +Z , $ ) - (B+Z , 64 ) , PSET: LINE- (C+Z
,128) , PSET: LINE- (D+Z, 191) ,PSET:N
EXT: PAINT (A (V) +5,0) , 1, 1:NEXT: V=l

3 PLAY"T6V15A" :U=0 : PMODE0 , V: SCRE
ENl,j3:K=A(V)

4 F0RZ=1T02:PUT(K+2J3,U)-(K+26,U+
9) ,E, NOT : NEXT : X=JOYSTK (0 ) : G=U : Y=
K : I FX> 4 4 THENK=K+ 5ELSEIFX<22 THENK
=K-5

5 U=U+4 : IFBUTTON ( 0 ) =lTHENU=U-4

6 IFU>191THENV=V+1:IFV=9THENCLS:
PRINT"SCORE" (100-T)/lj3:EXEC44539
:RUNELSE3

7 IFPPOINT(K+17,U)=j30RPPOINT(K+2
7,U)=j30RPPOINT(K+17,U+9)=j30RPPOI
NT ( K+ 2 7 , U+9 ) =j3THENK= Y : U=G : PLAY " T
25501V3P" : FORZ=lT03j3 : PLAY"V-AAA"
: NEXT : T=T+5 : GOT04ELSE4

CoCo Pong

By Brent Dingle

Here it is at last, a pong-type game for the CoCo 2 or 3.
Press a key at the title or demo screen, grab a joystick, then
grab a friend to compete against — or prepare for a grueling
one-player match against the computer. The first one to nine
wins!

The listing: COCOPONG

10 CLS : PRINT @10 7, "COCO PONG":PRI
NT@142 , "BY" : PRINT@169 , "BRENT DI
NGLE"

20 FOR Q=*l TO 1000 : A$=INKEY$ : IF
A$O flM THEN 40 ELSE NEXT Q
30 PN=0:GOTO 90

40 PRINT@28 8,"1 OR 2 PLAYER" ; : IN
PUT PN:IF PN<0 OR PN>2 THEN 40
50 PRINTS 2 8 8, "SPEED-UP POKE";: IN
PUT A$:IF LEFT$(A$,1)<>"Y" THEN
90

60 INPUT"COCO 2 OR 3";A:IF A<2 0
R A>3 THEN 50 ELSE IF A=3 THEN 8

70 POKE 65495,0 :GOTO90
80 POKE 65497,0

90 N$ (0) ="D10R5U10L5" :N$ (1) ="R3D
10L3R5 " : N$ ( 2 ) ="R5D4L5D6R5" : N$ ( 3 )
="R5D4L5R5D6L5 " : N$ ( 4 ) ="D4R5U4D10
" :N$ (5) ="R5L5D4R5D6L5" :N$ (6) ="R5
L5D4R5D6L5U6 " : N$ ( 7 ) = "R5D10 " : N$ ( 8
) ="R5D4L5U4 D10R5U6 " : N$ ( 9 ) ="R5L5D
4R5U4D10"

100 PMODE0,1:SCREEN1,1:PCLS

110 LINE (0 , 153 )- (254 , 170) ,PSET,B

F:LINE (0,0) -(254,10) ,PSET,BF

120 IF PN=0 THEN DRAW" BM108 , 157 ;

C0;D10R3E2U6H2L3BR8R5L5D4R5L5D6R

5BR3U10R4D4U4R4D10BR4BU2U6E2R2F2

D6G2L2 ": COLORS

130 DRAW"BM10,174;"+N$(0) :DRAW"B

M238,174;»+N$(0)

140 PCOPY 1 TO 2

150 X=140:Y=RND(130)+19:MX=8:MY=

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 63

3 : Vl= 2 J3 : S 1=J3 : S 2 =0 : V2 » 15)3
16j0 J^=J0YSTK(j3) :J1=J0YSTK(1)
17)3 J2«JOYSTK(2) :J3-JOYSTK(3)
18J3 IF PN=J3 THEN 25)3
19)3 V1=J1*2+1)3

2)3)3 LINE(6,V1) -(15,V1+15) ,PSET,B
F

21) 3 IF PN=1 THEN 25)3

22) 3 V2=J3*2+1)3

23) 3 LINE(238,V2) -(247,V2+15) ,PSE
T, BF

24) 3 GOT03)3)3

25) 3 IF Y<V2+3 AND V2>14 THEN V2=
V2-5:ELSE IF Y>V2+3 AND V2<133 T
HEN V2=V2+5

26) 3 LINE(238,V2) -(247,V2+15) ,PSE
T,BF

27 p IF PN=1 THEN 3)3)3

280 LINE(6,V2) -(15,V2+15) ,PSET,B

290 A$=INKEY$:IF A$<> ,M » THEN RUN

3)2)3 PSET(X,Y,1)

31) 3 IF PP0INT(X+MX,Y)=5 THEN MX=
-MX

32) 3 IF PP0INT(X,Y+MY)=5 THEN MY=
-MY

33) 3 IF X<15 OR X>238 THEN GOSUB
35)3

34) 3 X=X+MX : Y=Y+MY : PCOPY 2 TO 1:G
OTO 16)3

35) 3 PCOPY2 TO It IP X<15 THEN S2=
S2+1:DRAW"BM23 8, 174 ; CfS ; "+N$ (S2-1
) :DRAW"BM23 8,174;C1;"+N$(S2)

36) 3 IF X>238 THEN Sl-Sl+1 : DRAW'B
M1J8 , 174 ; C)3 ; H +N$ (Sl-1) : DRAW"BM1)3 ,
174;C1;"+N$(S1)

37) 3 IF Sl-9 OR S2=9 THEN 39)3

38) 3 PCOPY 1 TO 2: SOUND 1)3)3, 5 :SOU
ND1 , 4 : X=14)3 : Y=RND ( 13 1) +19 : MX=-MX
: MY=-MY : RETURN

39) 3 IF PN=)3 THEN RUN ELSE A$=INK
EY$:IF A$= ,MI THEN 3 9)3 ELSE 9)3

Who You Gonna Call?

By Tom Rochford

Tele-Dir will run on any CoCo to keep track of your family,
friends and acquaintances and all their telephone numbers.
While it may be primitive programming, I find it delightfully
simple and effective. The pokes in Line 10 create a borderless
screen and give true lowercase in the CoCo 2. Just replace
my dummy names and numbers in the DfiTfi statements with
your own names and numbers. Be sure to make your last
DflTfi statement read XXX, as this is a dummy statement to
return a "not found" message if the name is not in your
program.

The listing: TELE-DIR

1 REM TOM ROCHFORD

2 REM 7101 CLARENDON RD #3

3 REM BETHESDA, MD 20814
10 POKE359 / 57:POKE65314 / 85
20 CLS

30 PRINT: PRINT

40 PRINT" TELEPHONE DIRECTO

RY"

50 PRINT: PRINT

55 SOUND100,1

60 INPUT 11 ENTER NAME" ;N$

70 CLS

80 PRINT: PRINT
90 RE ADA $

100 IFA$="XXX"THENGOTO150
110 IFA$ON$THEN90

120 PRINT@128, STRING? (32, CHR$ (17
5))

130 PRINTA$ ,M S NUMBER : " : RE ADA $ : P
RINTA$

140 PRINTSTRING$(32 / CHR$(175)) :G
OTO160

150 PRINTN$" NOT FOUND—TRY AG A I
N" : FORT=1TO1000 : NEXTT : CLS : RESTOR
E:GOT055
160 RESTORE

165 PRINT 11 PRESS <ENTER> FOR NEXT

INQUIRY"
170 EXEC44539
180 GOT055

190 DATA POPE JOHN, VAT-6900, MICK
EY MOUSE, 543-1234, DONALD DUCK, 56
6-4321, JACK RIPPER, 123-4567
200 DATA HARRY HOUDINI ,000-0000 ,
QUEEN VICTORIA, 765-43 21, GEORGE W
ASHINGTON, (202)555-9999
500 DATAXXX

Submissions to "Novices Niche" are welcome from everyone. We
like to run a variety of short programs that can be typed in at one
sitting and are useful, educational and fun. Keep in mind, although
the short programs are limited in scope, many novice programmers
find it enjoyable and quite educational to improve the software
written by others.

Program submissions must be on tape or disk. We're sorry, but
we cannot key in program listings. All programs should be
supported by some editorial commentary, explaining how the
program works. If your submission is accepted for publication, the
payment rate will be established and agreed upon prior to
publication.

64 THE RAINBOW January 1989

1 F e atur e

CoCo 3

Ever wondered how your RGB
monitor determines colors?

An RGB

Demonstration

By Dave Jenkins

This program lets CoCo 3 owners
see how colors are determined
for their RGB monitors. The

colors for CoCo 3's composite monitor,
or television screens, are different from
the colors for the RGB monitor. These
colors vary because the screens have
different hardware. This program is
designed for the RGB monitor. While it
will work with a composite monitor or
TV, the colors will not be correct.

The RGB monitor uses 64 different
colors, 0 to 63. Six digital bits contain
this information. The RGB hardware
looks at these six bits and determines
which colors are on (bit = 1) or off (bit
= 0). There are two bits for each of the
primary colors* red, blue and green. For
each color, the high-order bit represents
a light shade and the low-order bit, a
dark shade. All 64 available colors are
created by mixing these various shades.

RGB Demo displays a block at the
top of the screen that shows the number,
decimal value and color represented by
the bit. The color of a second block
indicates whether the bit is off (a red
block) or on (a white block).

Dave Jenkins, an engineer at WNIN
FM/TV, has been using his Color
Computer for six years.

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 65

HOWARD MEDICAL COMPUTERS

I: 1690 N. Elston • Chicago, IL 60622 • orders (800) 443-1444 • inquiries and order status (312) 278-1440

Showroom Hours 8-5 M-F. 10-3 SAT

I*'

★ 5 STAR FINAL

JANUARY '89

VERY COLD

HMC CUTS 515 to ®266

»• »

Hundreds of $ off Monitors sighted as Major Factor. HMC is reported to
have made a special purchase on Magnavox monitors. These items, listed,
are being offered at remarkable savings.

MAGNAVOX 7622 12" Amber Screen offers 900 dots x 350 lines resolu-
tion at 20 MHz on a dark glass anti-glare CRT with built-in audio and 1 year
warranty. ($7 shipping) $ 88 7652 green screen also available $88

MAGNAVOX 8 CM 515 has analog RGB for CoCo 3, TTL RGB for
Tandy 1000 or IBM PC's, and composite color for CoCo 2 and 3. Built-in
speaker. 14" screen with 640 dot x 240 line resolution. Plus 2 years parts
and labor warranty, reg. list $499 was $298 $266 + $14 Shipping

CC-3 Magnavox RGB cable only $ 19.95 with Magnavox Monitor
order. $29.95 w/o monitor.

7622 8CM515 123A

123A 12" This 12" green screen high resolution monitor offers 80 column
capability, Zenith quality and a 90-day warranty valid at any of Zenith's 1200
locations. Retail $199. Our price $ 67.50 ($7 shipping) REPACK

VA-1 for monochrome and color monitors delivers video interface for CoCo's
1 & 2 $ 29.45 ($2 shipping)

DRIVE 0 +. Howards Drive 0
gives you a DD-3 MPI drive, a CA-1
cable and a HDS DC-5 Disk Control- B
ler for only $ 178. 45. Double sided
double density 360K. ($5 shipping)

No charge for Disto DC-3 upgrade

HMC's Guarantee—
A Promise you can take to the Bank.

• ■

m •

Howard Medical's 30-day guarantee
is meant to eliminate the uncertainty
of dealing with a company through
the mail. Once you receive our hard-
ware, try it out; test it for compat-
ibility. If you're not happy with it for

any reason, return it in 30 days and
we'll give you your money back (less
shipping.) Shipping charges are for
48 states. APO, Canada and Puerto
Rico orders are higher.

Price Break on DISTO
Disk Controllers

Includes controller and C-DOS 4.0
ROM Chip. DISTO $ 75 DC-3\]P
($2 shipping on all DISTO products)

ADD-ON BOARDS

DC-3P Mini Eprom programmer
includes all software to program
2764 or 27128 chips [5] $ 55
DC-3C Clock Calendar and parallel
printer port[C] $ 40

RS-232 $49.95

Replaces R.S. RS-232 board. Plugs in
drive port or multi pack. 2 MHz
operation works with OS~9.($2 ship)

3 in 1 Board $59.45

Clock calendar at 2 MHz parallel
printer port pack requires DISTO
Controller or MEB($2 ship)

MEB $30 ($2 ship)

Plugs into multi pak to expand
DISTO DC-3 bus. Use clock in DC-
3 and eprom programmer in MEB.

24 HOUR ORDER LINE

DON'T MISS OUT. 4
D0NT MISS OUT, ORDER T6DAY! j

800 / 443-1444

WE ACCEPT VISA . MASTERCARD
• AMERICAN EXPRESS . C.O.D. OR
CHECKS . SCHOOL P.O.
NEW - DISCOVER CARD

1 1

■te

Wk \mrw%

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33
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The Biggeft
The Best
The indispensaWe

The

THE CaOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE

THE RAINBOW is the biggest, best, brightest and
most comprehensive publication a happy CoCo
ever had! THE RAINBOW features more programs,
more information and more in-depth treatment of
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A monthly issue contains nearly 200 pages and
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as many as 12 new product reviews. And advertise-
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advertised in its pages each month.

Every single issue of THE RAINBOW covers the
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Computer — from beginners' tutorials and arcade
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cassette player or the disk into your drive. No more
lost weekends. As soon as you read an article about
a program in THE RAINBOW, it's ready to load and
run. No work. No wait.

Just think how your software library will grow.
With your first year's subscription, you'll get almost
250 new programs: games, utilities, business
programs, home applications. And, with RAINBOW
ON DISK, you'll also get all the OS-9 programs.

RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAINBOW ON DISK —
they're the "meat" of THE RAINBOW at a price that's
"small potatoes." And now you even have a choice
about how it should be served up to you.

To get your first heaping helping, just fill out and
return the attached reply card. No postage neces-
sary.

The center of the screen shows the
selected color. At the beginning of the
program, the screen's center is black.
All the bits for that palette are set to
zero, or off.

You may enter a decimal color code
(0 to 63), manipulate the bits or scan the
64 colors. To enter the decimal color
code, press C and the number of the
desired color. The center of the screen
will change to that color. If you would
prefer to manipulate the bits, press B

and the number of the bits you want on.
Therefore, to turn on bits three, four
and five, type B 345 and press ENTER.
Bits three, four and five will be set high,
and the other bits will be set low. Once
again, the screen will change to the
selected color. The scan mode simply
displays all 64 colors in order in one
second intervals. To use the scan mode,
press S.

RGB Demo displays the variety of
colors available on an RGB monitor. In

addition, the program allows CoCo
owners to manipulate these colors and
better understand how the monitor
creates them.

(Questions or comments regarding
this program may be directed to the
author at 1418 East Illinois St., Evans-
ville, IN 47711. Please enclose an SASE
when requesting a reply.) □

The listing: RGBDEMD

6J3 PALETTE 7 , CL

7j3 CLS

8j3 GOSUB 90: GOTO 2 80

lj3 CLEAR3J3J3

9j3 PRINTTAB(13) ;CHR$(191) ;

»=:OFF

20 ON BRK GOTO 5j3

";CHR$(207) ;"=ON"

3j3 RGB : WIDTH3 2 : PALETTE 12,54:PAL

100 PRINTTAB(5) ; "BIT # 5

4 3

ETTE 13,0

2 1 0"

4J3 TEST$=STRING$ (192,255)

110 PRINTTAB(5) ; "VALUE 32

16 8

5j3 CL=j3

4 2 1"

MUTANT MINERS

Battlt mutant uranium mintrs in a run for your lift, »ct ion-pick td, arcad*
stylt gama. 10 Ifvals with 10 sortans par ltvall
100% Machint Language- [CoCo 1, 2 or 3 and Jogstick) £19.95

BURIED BUXX #

Fig your halicopttr into anamg ttrritorg, dig up tna loot and raturn to baia.
Wateh out for the tvtr-prtstnt patrol aircraft and ground basad missilss.
100% Machine Language (CoCo 1, 2 or 3 and Joyttick) £19.95

MILESTONES

Usi hazards and safatg ttchnlquts to outsmart tha computar In this
long-distanca road rally simulation. Attempt to be the first to complete a
1,000 mile race. Joystick or kegboard. 100% BASIC. (CoCo 3 onlg) £19.95

FONTGEN #

Using the HIRES graphics modes (HSCREENS 1-4) create standard, medium and
LARGE sized fonts, borders and unique icons. Use up to 4 fonts in BASIC!!
Also customize palatta colors. All supporting software provided.
100% Machine Language (CoCo 3 onlg) $24.95

DISKEASE 5§

COPY, KILL and RENAME multiple files with one keystroke! Backup and restore
directories. Print a directory map. Use maps to reconstruct damaged
directories. BASiC/Machine Language hybrid. (CoCo 3 onlg) $24.95

' PICTURE PUZZLES ^

The ultimata in puzzladom. The computer scrambles 'em and gou gotta put 'am
back together. 10 puzzles with varging degrees of difficulty.
100% Machine Language. (CoCo 3 onlg) $19.95

QUANTUM LEAP §3

A fast-paced spin off from YAHTZZZ, Six dice and unique roll combinations
make for a highly addictive game. 1-4 players. . .joystick or kegboard.
100% Machine Language. (CoCo 3 onlg) $19.95

VISA i JR & JR SOFTSTUFF

• gWT^ zryg P.O. BOX 118, L0MPOC, CA 93438 (BOJ) 733-3B89

ORDERS ACCEPTED 24 HOURS A 0 A Y. ALL PR0ORAMS ON DISKETTE ONLY.

MONEY ORDERS, CERTIFIED & PERSONAL CHECKS, C.O.D., VISA AND MASTER CARD
ACCEPTED. (PERSONAL CHECKS MUST CLEAR BEFORE PRODUCT IS SHIPPED).
ALL ORDERS ADD S3. 00 SHIPPING. C.O.D. DRDERS S3. 00 ADDITIONAL.

YOU CAN USUALLY GET US IN PERSON FROM S:0D - 9:00 P.M. PST. IF YOU GET
THE MACHINE, LEAVE A MESSAGE AND WE WILL CALL BACK AT YOUR CONVENIENCE .

CALL OR WRITE FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF AVAILABLE PROGRAMS.

NIGHT OF THE
LIVING MAD

AN INTERACTIVE
NIGHTMARE

Est- ^"^-^m

ftDUEriTURE nOUEL SOFTWARE

P.O. BOX 8176, SPARTANBURG, SC 29305 /J^^\

24 hr. order HOTLINE
(803) 578-7421

If^ci'.li'if <inl I

C.O.D. ADD $5

RAINBOW

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 67

120 PRINTTAB ( 5 ) ; " COLOR RGB

R G B M
130 PRINTTAB (13) ;

140 IFCL AND3 2THENPRINTCHR$ (207)
;ELSEPRINTCHR$(191) ;
150 PRINT" ";

160 IFCL AND16THENPRINTCHR$ (207)
;ELSEPRINTCHR$ (191) ;
170 PRINT 11

180 IFCL AND8THENPRINTCHR$ (207) ;
ELSEPRINTCHR$ (191) ;
190 PRINT" ";

200 IFCL AND4THENPRINTCHR$ (207) ;
ELSEPRINTCHR$(191) ;
210 PRINT" ";

220 IFCL AND2THENPRINTCHR$ (207) ;
ELSEPRINTCHR$ (191) ;

2 30 PRINT" ";

240 IFCL AND1THENPRINTCHR$ (207) ;

ELSEPRINTCHR$ (191) ;

250 PRINT : PRINTTAB ( 13 ); "CURRENT

COLOR="CL

260 PRINT@224,TEST$;
270 RETURN

280 PRINT<§416, "<C>ODE <B>ITS <S>

CAN <H>ELP" : PRINT" <E>ND" ;

290 A$=INKEY$:IFA$=""THEN2 90

300 PRINT@416,STRING$(64,32) ;

310 IFA$="S"THEN 820

320 IFA$="C"THEN 370

330 IFA$="B"THEN 400

340 IFA$="E"THENCLS : RGB : END

350 IFA$="H"THEN480

3 60 GOTO2 80

370 PRINT® 4 16 , "ENTER COLOR CODE"
; : INPUTCL

380 IFCL<0ORCL>63ORCLOINT(CL)TH
EN390ELSE60

3 90 S0UND1 / 5:PRINT@416 / STRING$ (3
2,32) ; :GOTO370

400 CL=0 : PRINTS 4 16 , "ENTER BIT NU
MBER TO SET HIGH"

410 PRINT "PRESS ENTER WHEN DONE"
420 A$=INKEY$:IFA$=""THEN420

4 30 IFA$=CHR$ (13)THEN60
440 IFA$<"0"ORA$>"5"THEN420
450 PRINTA$;

460 B=2^VAL(A$) :CL=CL OR B
470 GOTO420
480 CLS

490 PRINT"THIS PROGRAM WILL DEMO
NSTRATE"

500 PRINT "THE WAY THE COCO 3 DET
ERMINES"

510 PRINT "THE RGB COLORS. EACH C
OLOR CON-"

520 PRINT"SISTS OF 6 BITS, TWO B
ITS FOR"

530 PRINT "EACH PRIMARY COLOR OF

<R>ED, "

540 PRINT" <G>REEN AND <B>LUE. BY
TURNING"

550 PRINT ,f A BIT ON OR OFF, YOU T
URN THE"

560 PRINT"ASSOCIATED COLOR ON OR
OFF." '

570 PRINT "THE PURE R G OR B COLO
R IS"

580 PRINT " CREATED BY TURNING BOT
H COLOR" .

590 PRINT"BITS ON WITH THE OTHER
S OFF."

600 PRINT "BY TURNING ON OR OFF D
IFFERENT"

610 PRINT"COMBINATIONS OF BITS,
YOU CAN"

620 PRINT "CREATE ALL 64 COLORS A
VAILABLE."

630 PRINT :PRINT"PRESS A KEY"?
640 A$=INKEY$:IFA$=""THEN640
650 CLS

660 PRINT "YOU CAN EITHER ENTER T
HE COLOR"

670 PRINT"CODE DIRECTLY BY PRESS
ING <C>"

680 PRINT "OR ENTER THE BITS YOU
WANT ON"

690 PRINT "BY PRESSING <B>. THE B
LOCK IN"

700 PRINT "THE MIDDLE OF THE SCRE
EN WILL"

710 PRINT"SWITCH TO THE COLOR YO
U SELECT."

720 PRINT" IN THE <C> MODE, SIMPL
Y ENTER A"

730 PRINT "NUMBER FROM 0 TO 63. I
N THE <B>"

740 PRINT"MODE, PRESS 0-5 TO TUR
N ON BIT"

750 PRINT "0 TO 5. PRESS ENTER W
HEN YOU"

760 PRINT "ARE DONE AND THE COLOR

WILL BE"
770 PRI NT " D I S PLA YE D . THE <S>CAN
MODE WILL"

780 PRI NT " DI S PLAY ALL THE COLORS

IN ORDER."
790 PRINT "PRESS A KEY"
800 A$=INKEY$:IFA$=""THEN800 ELS
E60

810 RGB: CLS: END

820 FOR CL=0 TO 63

830 PALETTE 7 , CL: PRINT@0 , " " ;

840 GOSUB 90

850 FOR DLAY=1 TO 500: NEXT
8 60 NEXT CL
870 CL=0

880 GOTO 50 /«\

THE RAINBOW January 1989

Announcing a Great New Floppy Drive System for the Color Computer:

llliiili

DISK
CONTROLLER

We at OWL-WARE are
pleased to announce that we
have purchased the rights to all
of the Color Computer
Products of J&M Systems.
J&M has had more experience
with CoCo controllers than any
other supplier (except for
Radio Shack® itself) and we
are proud to add them to our
nest! OWL-WARE will now be
producing J&M controllers
under the OWL brand. These
controllers all use J&M's
proven designs, with some
minor improvements, and they
will serve you for years to come.

• All gold contacts

• Works with all CoCo
models (1,2,3)

• Holds 2 switchable ROMS

• Positive switching by
simple jumper or optional
external switch (No erratic
software or pokes re-
quired)

• Buffered I/O lines to help
prevent burn-out if unit
accidentally pulled out
with the system on

• Latching chips are sock-
eted to speed repairs

• Does not use the WD 1773
chip which caused
problems with many CoCo
3 systems and is now dis-
continued

• Attractive all metal case

• Dealer inquiries now in-
vited

CONTROLLER only $69.
(wfttiout ROMs)

llillllllor RSDOS

lililiiiiii

See the next 2 oages for more
drive and software specials
from OWL-WARE

Disk drives are not our only business, but they sure are our
main business! We have been selling hard and floppy drives for
the CoCo longer than any other Rainbow advertiser. Our double
sided drives are brand new, half-heights with a full one year
warranty! The full-height drives offered cheap by our competi-
tion are used or surplus!

NEW!

lllllllp

11^^

illltM

i^llllllllll^

CASE AND
POWER
SUPPLY

In recent months it has be-
come very difficult to obtain de-
pendable, safe power supply
and cases for floppy drive sys-
tems. They just couldn't pass
our quality control. OWL-
WARE has now produced a
case and power supply that you
can be proud to own and use.
We believe that this is the best
and most attractive drive case
available for any computer.

• Built in surge protector!
(we believe that this fea-
ture is unique in CoCo
drive cases)

• Sleek, modern design

• Heavy-duty power supply

• Fully shielded data cable

• Modular power supply
construction for ease of
repairs

• Stackable case design

• Dealer inquiries now in-
vited

Drive 1

P.O. Box 116-A
Mertztown, PA 19539
— ORDER LINES (only) —
(800) 245-6228
(21 5) 682*6855 (PA)

Pro ven

On the Razor's Edge of

Basic and OS-9 Hard
Drive Systems

Proven Performance for Demanding Home or

Business Users

Every hard drive which has been
produced by OWL- WARE during the
last 3 years is complete. A system con-
sists of software, hard drive, controller,
heavy-duty power supply, and LR Tech
Interface. There are no hidden costs for
assembly or testing. When a drive sys-
tem is ordered, we fully assemble, test,
and burn-in the system for 3 full days.
This ensures dependability and op-
timum performance.

We have now been supplying CoCo
hard drive systems and parts for more
than 3 years. This is the longest history
in the CoCo market of any system.
Some other advertisers are stating that
they have one of the most reliable sys-
tems for the CoCo with all of 4 months
history in the CoCo hard drive market]
We have reached our position in the
hard drive market by providing our cus-
tomers with a quality product that they
(and we) can be proud to own and use.

Because of many requests for a lower
price system in kit form, we are now
selling a kit of all parts at a significant
discount compared to our regular
prices. We recommend this kit (or any
kits offered by any other supplier) only
to those who have experience in
electronic assembly and OS-9.

We have LR Tech and Burke & Burke

For OS-9
Levels l
and 2

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

II pri^

Kit Prices: (As above but usmg Burke & Burke bus adapter)

OWL Hard Drive BASIC 3

There have been several ads in this
magazine about BASIC for Color
Computer hard drive systems. These
ads sometimes only tell a part of the
story. Our BASIC system price in-
cludes assembly, testing, and 3-day
burn-in period. We do not require a
Multi-pak to operate.

Our hard drive systems are fast, reli-
able, and reasonable in price. This has
been proven by hundreds of users over
the past 3 years. We do not have to turn
off error checking for speed. We
achieve high speed BASIC from a uni-
que indexing method.

The table below will summarize some
of the key points about our BASIC hard
drive system and the B&B system. We
believe that we have the best BASIC in-
terface for CoCo hard drives available.

BASIC Hard Drive Systems

Feature OWL B&B

Drive Portion
Available at
One Time

Entire Partial (4
sections)

User Sets

BASIC/OS-9

Partitions

YES

Yes

Add to Exist-
ing OS-9
Drive Without
Reformat

YES

No(?)

Drives 0-3
Hard/Floppy

YES

Built in Park

YES

Speed

FAST

Fast

All feature details are believed to be
true at time of writing and are subject
to change. We believe that our BASIC
hard drives are the fastest due to our in-
dexing method, but both systems are
fast and we sell both. On ours all
BASIC commands work including
DSKINI, DSKI$, and DSKO$.

Prices: With/Without Hard

Drive

$35./$79.

Technology

the Color Computer Frontier

Bonus!

Special

Bundled

Software

with any

Disk Drive

Purchase!

Floppy Drive Systems

The Highest Quality for Years of Service

(We have located a number of unused, surplus single sided drives for
those who wish a quality, inexpensive system.)

Drive 0 Systems (Half Height, Double Sided, Direct

Drives) $199. (Same but Single sided) $185

Drive 0 systems complete with drive, controller, legal DOS,

cable, case, power supply, and manual

Drive 1 Systems (Half Height, Double Sided, Direct

Drives) $129. (Same but Single sided) $115.

New 3.5", 720K Drives for OS-9 with case &

Power Supply $179.

Drive 1 Systems have drive, case, power supply. (You may
require optional cable and/or DOS chip to use)

Special for 0/1 Combos (Drives 0,1 ,2,3) $295.

liiiiliiiiiiiiiii

HORIZONTAL CASES

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.Mode!

All drives are new and fully assembled.
We ship only FULLY TESTED and
CERTIFIED at these low prices. We
use Fuji, YE Data, and other fine
brands. No drives are used or surplus
unless otherwise stated to you when
you order. We appear to be the one of
the few advertisers in Rainbow who
can truly make this claim. We have 5
years experience in the CoCo disk
drive market! We are able to provide
support when you have a problem.

Drives 1 Year Warranty

1 -215-682-6855

Technical Help

OWL WARE Software Bundle

Disk Tutorial/Utilities/Games
DISK TUTOR Ver 1.1

Learn how to use your disk drive from
this multi-lesson, machine language
program. This tutor takes you through
your lessons and corrects your mistakes
for a quick, painless disk drive introduc-
tion. (This professionally written tutor
is easily worth the bundle's total price.)

OWL DOS

An operating system that gives faster
disk access and allows the use of
double-sided drives. Corrects a floating
point number error on early CoCo sys-
tems.

COPY-IT

Quickly copies selected programs be-
tween disks. A wild card option selects
groups of programs to copy.

VERIFY

Verifies reading of each sector. Bad
sectors are listed on the screen.

2 GAMES

We will select 2 games from our stock.
These sold for more than $20 each.

If sold separately this is more than $125
worth of software!!

Do not mistake this software with
cheap, non-professional "Public
Domain" software which is being of-
fered by others. All of this software is
copyrighted and professional in quality.
The tutor is unique with us and has
helped thousands of new users learn
their disk drive.

only $27,95
(or even better)
only $6.95 with
any Disk Drive Purchase!!

Our t prices. include &. discount for cash
But do not include shipping.

OWL-WARE has a liberal warranty policy. During the warran-
ty period, all defective items will be repaired or replaced at our
option at no cost to the buyer except for shipping costs. Call
our tech number for return. Return of non-defective or un-
authorized returns are subject to a service charge.

OWL-WARE

Mertztown, PA 19539

This month's article presents one of
the many math skills taught in the
middle elementary grades. Unfortu-
nately, this particular skill is often only
partially mastered by students, who
must then learn it again later. Presenting
this skill via a computer program
should give some additional reinforce-
ment to those who need practice to
master this math problem.

The skill is to convert a number of
inches into the proper number of yards,
feet and inches. We encounter this skill
in real life when we need to purchase
material for draperies, wood for shelv-
ing or linoleum for flooring. These
goods are generally sold by the foot or
yard. We often measure these items in
inches and then convert this measure-
ment to yards. This program goes
further by requiring that the student
compute the exact number of yards, feet
and inches needed from a given number
of inches.

It is interesting that we are still
teaching these units of measure. The
metric system was supposed to become
the dominant system years ago. How-
ever, it has yet to replace our familiar

Steve Blyn teaches both exceptional
and gifted children, holds two master's
degrees and has won awards for the
design of programs to aid the handi-
capped. He owns Computer Island and
lives in Staten Island, New York.

Converting inches to feet
and yards

Give 'Em
an Inch

By Steve Blyn

Rainbow Contributing Editor

system of measurement. Meters and
centimeters have not had the predicted
impact on our system.

Our program asks the student to
convert a specific number of inches into
yards, feet and inches. Each example is
in the form of a verbal problem because
this is the most common way the lesson
will be presented in school. To maintain
interest in the task, the names, materials
and amounts of material are chosen
randomly. The random elements are
selected on lines 30 to 80.

The student reads the problem and is
asked to compute the number of yards

included in the total amount of inches
given. This is done on Line 110, as is
error trapping for obviously incorrect
answers. Some students will try to
bomb or expose a program by entering
outlandish answers. It is part of an
educational programmer's job to error
trap for such answers.

The student's answer is evaluated,
and a correct answer is congratulated.
The computer displays the correct
answer and identifies the number of
inches remaining after the yards are
removed. The student is then asked to
convert the remaining inches into feet.

The computer will again congratulate
a correct answer and display the re-
maining number of inches. This is done
to reinforce the student's understanding
of the concepts. The last line displayed
on the screen presents a summary for
the child: The total amount of inches is
converted to its corresponding amount
of yards, feet and remaining inches. The
child can then press ENTER to see a new
example or E to end the program.

No scorecard was included in this
program. To add a scorecard to the end
of the program, set a constant counter
at the beginning of each example and a
variable counter for each correct
answer. To make the program more
personal for your own students, change
the names or items used. As always, the
Computer Island staff hopes that your
children or students enjoy and benefit
from our programs. □

The listing: CONVERT

10 REM" CONVERTING INCHES TO FEET

AND YARDS"
20 REM" STEVE BLYN , COMPUTER ISLAN
D, STATEN ISLAND, NY, 1988
30 CLS5:C=36+RND(200)
40 A=RND(5):IF A=l THEN A$=»RAND
Y" ELSE IF A=2 THEN A$="JUAN" EL
SE IF A=3 THEN A$= S "FRED" ELSE IF

A=4 THEN A$= ,, CHER" ELSE A$="MAR
IE"

50 B=RND(5):IF B=l THEN B$="CL0T
H" ELSE IF B=2 THEN B$="WOOD" EL
SE IF B=3 THEN B$="ROPE" ELSE IF
B=4 THEN BS 35 " TRIMMING" ELSE B$=
"WIRE"

60 PRINTA$" IS DOING A SCHOOL PR
OJECT"

70 PRINT"WHICH REQUIRES EXACTLY"
/C

80 PRINT"INCHES OF "B$"."
90 PRINT@160,"":PRINT§128,"HOW M
ANY YARDS ARE CONTAINED IN"C"INC
HES" ?

100 INPUT X

110 XX=INT(C/36) :IF X<1 OR X>9 T
HEN 90

120 IF X=XX THEN PRINT@175," CO
RRECT" : PLAY " L200 CDEFGGG "
130 IF XoXX THEN PRINT(§174 , "SOR
RY, "XX"IS RIGHT. "; :PLAY"L4D"
140 FT=C-(XX*3 6)

150 IF XX=1 THEN Y$="YARD" ELSE
Y$=" YARDS"

160 PRINT@192,C"-"XX;Y$" LEAVES"
FT "INCHES"

170 PRINT C"-"XX*36"="FT"INCHES"
180 PRINTG3 20 , " " : PRINT@288 , "HOW
MANY FEET ARE CONTAINED IN »FT"I

NCHES";

190 INPUT Y

200 IF Y>2 OR Y<0 THEN 180
210 YY=INT (FT/12)

220 IF Y=YY THEN PRINT@335 , '» CO

RRECT" : PLAY" L200CDEFGGG"

230 IF YOYY THEN PRINT@334 , "SOR

RY, "YY"IS RIGHT. " ; :PLAY"L4D"

240 LT=FT-(YY*12) :IF YY=1 THEN F

$="FOOT" ELSE F$="FEET"

250 IF LT=1 THEN N$="INCH" ELSE

N$="INCHES"

260 PRINT@352 / FT"-"YY;F$;" LEAVE
S"LT?N$

270 PRINT FT"-"YY*12"="LT;N$

280 PRINT(§448,C"IN.="XX;»YD. , "YY

"FT.&"LT"IN."

290 EN$=INKEY$

300 IF EN$=CHR$(13) THEN RUN ELS
E IF EN$="E" THEN 310 ELSE 29$
310 CLS : END

72 THE RAINBOW January 1989

Color Computer I, II, III
Free Software for Drive 0 Systems

CoCo Checker... Test roms, rams, disk drives and A controller printer, keyboard cassette & more.
Tape/Disk Utility..„Transfers disk to tape and tape to disk.

159

Drive 0

179

Drive 0

269

Drive 0 & 1

• Full Ht Drive

• Single Case

• Heavy Duty Power Supply

• 2 Drive Cable

• Gold plated contacts

• Controller & manuals

• Double Sided Slim Line Drive

• Case holds 2 slim line drives

• Heavy Duty Power Supply

• 2 Drive Cable

• Gold plated contacts

• Controller & Manuals

• 2 Double Sided Slim Line Drive

• Case holds 2 slim line drives

• Heavy Duty Power Supply

• 2 Drive Cable

• Gold plated contacts

• Controller & Manuals

Other Drive Specials

119

2nd Drive

for new Radio Shack
includes:

•Slim Line DS/DD Drive

• Cabling & Instructions

• Mounting Hardware

Full Ht Drive 89 95

Full Ht Drive Ps/Case 1 29 95

Slim Line Drive 99 95

Slim Line Drive Ps/Case... 139 95
2 Slim Drives Ps/Case. 239 95
Disk Controller 59

Single Ps & Case 44 95

Dual V 2 ht Ps & Case 54 95

Dual Full Ht. Ps & Case 79 95

Disk Controller 59

1 0 Diskettes

with free library uase

Quality Add-On's for Tandy 1000, SX, TX, SL, TL, 3000, 4000

HARD CARDS

1000, 1000A,

Memory Cards

Zucker Memory

• DMA&512K CALL

Zucker Multifunction

• Serial

• Real Time Clock

• 512K DMA

• Software

CALL

1 0 meg 259.95 40 meg 399.95

20 meg 299.95 49 meg 499.95

30 meg 349.95 64 meg. 599.95

HARD DRIVE KITS

10 meg kit 249.95 40 meg kit 399.95

20 meg kit 299.95 60 meg kit 539.95

30 meg kit 339.95

TANDY 1000

1000, SX, TX, 3000, 4000

2nd Floppy

360K teac $119.95

720K Mitsubishi $99.95
31/2" Mitsubishi $119.95

1000, 1000A, SX, TX, SL, TL

Hard Drive
Controller

Will run 1 or 2
Hard Drives
Supports drives up to 120 megabytes

$99.95

QUALITY
CUSTOMER SERVICE
508-278-6555

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
508-278-6556

TOLL FREE ORDER LINE

1-800-635-0300

TRUE DATA PRODUCTS

115 MAIN ST., P.O. BOX 347
UXBRIDGE, MA 01569
508-278-6555

HOURS: MON-FRI. 9-6, SAT. 10-4 (EST)

CORPORATE P.O.'S WELCOMED

ALL PACKAGES SHIPPED UPS
EXCEPT CANADA AND A.P.O. s
C.O.D.'S ADD $2.30
MASTER CHARGE/VISA ADD 3%
1 YEAR WARRANTY UNLESS
OTHERWISE NOTED
PRICES TERMS CONDmONS
SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT
NOTICE

1 B ASIC Tra i n i ng

16K ECB

You have learned how to make some
animated drawings using both DRAW
and PRINT, and DRRW and LINE state-
ments. In other words, you have created
a picture with DRAM and erased it with
either PAINT or LINE statements. For
this tutorial, we will try a more elegant
but complicated technique that uses
GET and PUT statements to accomplish
this same task.

Let's begin this session by loading our
faithful Graph Paper utility. I have
decided to modify the woman's pair of
shoes by making them more pointed at
the tips. If you have developed your
own shoe style, substitute your prints
for mine in the appropriate lines of
Listing 1 . The shoe sizes should be 8-by-
19 for the man's shoes and 6-by- 1 5 for
the woman's shoes. Use the same tech-
niques that you used last time to make
the modifications.

Using real graph paper, sketch the

woman's right shoe. Use the data in
Line 40 of the last tutorial as your guide.
For my sketch, I decided on the follow-
ing changes:

Instep: changed from fl+2,4 to
M+2,3D

Outside of shoe: changed from L2M-
2,5 to LM-3,-5

This new right shoe was drawn on the
screen. To see the print, add the follow-
ing lines:

6 GOTD 400

400 PMOOE4,1:PCL5:5CREEN1,0
410 GOTO 100

Then enter the data in Line 40 of Listing
1. (Notice that the graphics data for the
shoe is not in a string variable.) Run the
program.

To create the left shoe, flip over the
graph paper. Add the data from lines 50
to 100 of Listing 1. After entering the
data for both shoes, run the program.

We no longer require Graph Paper, so
we will strip away everything, leaving

Florida-based Joseph Kolar is a veter-
an writer and programmer who special-
izes in introducing beginners to the
powers of the Color Computer.

Simplify last
month's animation
with GET and
PUT statements

Let's GET
Going

By Joseph Kolar

Rainbow Contributing Editor

only the pair of shoes, by entering the
following:

DEL 0-95
DEL300-

RENUfl 40,100,10
RUN

Now type in lines 10, 20, 30 and 1000
from Listing 1. Save those lines to tape
or disk. We now have all the raw mate-
rial for our Box Step program, and we
are ready to dance.

Before we begin the animation, let's
take a look at the elements involved
when using GET and PUT for animation:

• We need a Hi-Res screen. The screen
line should include SCREEN1,0 to im-
plement the appropriate screen.

• Every picture in the program series
must be dimensioned near the begin-
ning of the program. In other words, an
array area must be reserved so CoCo
will keep the specific, completed draw-
ing in memory.

• We need a DfiTfi statement that de-
scribes the finished form of the drawing
and its screen location.

• Each drawing must be placed in a GET
statement. This statement's format is
similar to the LINE statement. The GET
statement also assigns an identification
variable to the drawing.

• Also similar to the LINE statement,
PUT chooses a drawing by calling its
variable, locates the drawing and places
it on the screen. PUT is also used to erase
the drawing.

Mask lines 30, 40 and 50 with a REM
statement to get them out of the way,

and run the program.

We must reserve a location for the
man's left shoe print that is at least 16-
by-38 units. It is a good practice to begin
the first drawing at the coordinates
(0,0). Since we began all our drawings
in the upper-left corner, we are follow-
ing this practice. All succeeding draw-
ings will be made to the right of the
initial drawing.

We must change the coordinates in
Line 20 to (0,0). To do this, type EDIT20
and press ENTER. Now use the space bar
to move the cursor under the '1' in 126.
Type 2D to delete two characters, and
type C0 to change the number 6 to 0. Use
the space bar to move the cursor past
the comma, and then type 2DC0 and
press ENTER. Now run the program.
Remember that the print must be drawn
in the size you want shown on the
screen.

Now we will paint the shoe. Use
P5ET ( x , y , z ) to get a location. For this
tutorial, we will paint the sole of the
shoe. The coordinate (4,4) is a good
location, so we will add :PRINT(4,
4), 1,1 to the end of Line 20. If you
chose the coordinates (4,2) instead of
(4,4), nothing would happen when you
ran the program. (This is a clue that you
are on the border of the area to be
painted.) Add one to each of your
coordinates to move into the area in the
drawing you will paint.

It is best to paint coordinates in the
upper area of your drawing. That way,
you know the general area in which
your PRINT statements are located
when you are debugging your program.

The GET and PUT technique requires
that the shoe be painted only once. It
is then moved as if on a wash line from
one location on the screen to another.
Consider our earlier attempts at anima-
tion. When using our DRRW concatena-
tion system, every DRRW statement
required a PRINT statement as well.

Now let's unmask Line 30 and locate
the man's right foot. We will place the
right foot next to the left foot. We are
using Size 58 for our prints, so our
entire screen area should be 16-by-38.
Remember that when we use Size 58, we
must multiply each coordinate by two
to get its true screen size.

To place the man's right foot next to
his left foot, we will need to unmask
Line 30 and then edit it in the following
manner: Use the space bar to move
under B, press I and type 58C1. Next
press SHlFT-up arrow, and use the space

74 THE RAINBOW January 1989

bar to move the cursor under the T in
150. Type D2C to delete one character
and change two others, and then type
20. Use the space bar to move the cursor
one character beyond the comma, type
2DC0 to delete two characters and
change 6 to 0. Now press ENTER and run
the program.

The shoes are nearly touching. Let's
add a little more space between the two
by beginning the right shoe at the
coordinates (30,0). To do this, type
EDIT30 and press ENTER. Use the space
bar to move the cursor under 2, type C3
and ENTER, Now run the program.

The right shoe begins at (30,0) and
ends at (46,38). Now let's paint its sole.
To do this, pick a set of coordinates. I
chose (34,4). My decision was based on
the positive 4,4 offset on the other foot.
If you add four to the starting coordi-
nates, you get the coordinates (34,4).
Because the shoes may not be quite
symmetrical, these coordinates may not
work, but they will put you in the ball
park.

Where shall we locate the woman's
right foot? Our man's footprints are
located at (0,0) and (30,0). We will
maintain the same interval for our
woman's prints. That would locate the
right footprint at the coordinates (60,0).
Although the woman's feet are a little
smaller than the man's, we will use
corresponding coordinates to make our
program easier to follow.

To place our woman's shoe at the
appropriate location, we must edit Line
40. To do this, we must do the following:
Type EDIT40 and press ENTER. Press D
to unmask the line, and use the space
bar to move the cursor under the T of
129. Type D2C60 to delete one charac-
ter, and change the next two characters
to 60. Use the space bar to move the
cursor beyond the comma, and type DC0
to delete one character and change the
next one to 0. Finally, press ENTER and
run the program.

Instead of painting the soles of the
woman's shoes, let's paint the heels.
After a few false starts, I chose the
coordinates (66,2) to use in my PRINT
statement. Before I chose the right
coordinates, I tried the coordinates
(63,2) and (64,2). Both resulted in wash-
outs. Try these coordinates to see how
I inched into the target area.

Since we are keeping the interval of
+30 for both sets of shoes, our last shoe
will be located at (90,0). To form the
woman's left shoe, we must edit Line 50
in the following manner: Type EDIT50,
press ENTER and press D to unmask the
line. Use the space bar to move the

cursor under B, press I to insert char-
acters, and type SBC1 to add size and
color. Now press SHlFT-up arrow, and
use the space bar to move the cursor
under the T of 147. Now type D2C90
to delete one character and change 47
to 90. Next use the space bar to move
beyond the comma, and type DC0 to
delete one character and change the
next to 0. Now press ENTER and run the
program. Now let's paint the heel. I
chose the coordinates (96,2) for my
PRINT statement. Run the program to
see what we have accomplished.

Now we have come to the GET state-
ments. We must place each shoe in a GET
statement. First enter Line 60 from
Listing 1 and look at it. It looks similar
to a LINE statement. The first set of
coordinates are those of the upper-left
corner of a specific drawing — the
man's left footprint. Since we are using
SB to define the size of the drawing, the
lower-right corner of the drawing is
located at the coordinates (16,38). I've
added a small blank space because I am
lazy and 40 is easier to use for calcula-
tions than 38. This 16-by-2 space will
not affect our program adversely, but
we must make sure one drawing does
not overlap another. It could distort or
blank out a portion of an adjacent
picture.

We will assign Variable R to the left
foot, and add G to the end of the state-
ment to show that this picture must be
stored in full graphic detail.

Now enter Line 61 of Listing 1.
Variable B identifies the man's right
shoe. This picture began at the coordi-
nates (30,0) and ended at (46,38). How-
ever, don't forget that we are rounding
the ending coordinates to (46,40), and
remember to add G to the end of the line.

Enter Line 62 of the listing. I have
assigned Variable C to the woman's right
shoe print. The drawing began at (60,0)
and extended down to the lower-right
corner at (72,30). The shoe's area is 6-
by-15, but because we chose SB for our
size, we double the area space (12-by-
30). Therefore, our end coordinates are
(72,30). Don't forget to add G to the end
of Line 62.

Finally, enter Line 63. We will assign
the woman's left shoe to Variable D.
Let's go over this line briefly. The
beginning coordinates are (90,0), and
the end coordinates are (102,30). Add
you-know-what to the end.

At this point in our programming, we
need to put in a temporary DIM state-
ment. If you have a 32K CoCo, your
machine should have enough memory
to fully dimension each in a two-DIM

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January 1989 THE RAINBOW 75

array, such as R( 16,40). You must
dimension the same area allocated in
the GET statements. In Line 60, the
dimensions saved for Variable A are 16-
by-40. Line 61 hold the same dimen-
sions for Variable B. Lines 62 and 63
contain the dimensions 12-by-30 for
variables C and D.

Type in Line 15.1 usually place a trial,
single-array DIM statement after all the
GET lines are set. At that time, it's still
fresh in my mind. However, before we
do that, let's draw the blank area that
will erase the shoes. We will begin by
typing in Line 55. We'll use this line as
an all-purpose erase line because it is
large enough to erase all the shoes.

We will use the background color C0
on a two-color PM0DE4 screen. We will
use (120,0) as starting coordinates for
our "erase screen." The largest item to
be erased will be the man's 16-by-40-
unit shoe. Next add (16,40) to (120,0) to
find our ending coordinates, (136,40).
Use P5ET to put the coordinates on the
screen, and BF to box in and paint the
figure in the background color C0.

If you have a 16K CoCo and run the
program now, you will get an OM Error
in Line 15. We've reserved too much
space in memory. For the moment,
however, don't run the program. Let's
just continue.

Type in Line 64. Copy the pairs of
coordinates from Line 55 and put them
in a GET statement. In this line, we have
assigned Variable ZZ as the "erase
variable," and we have ended the line
with G to store all screen details in
memory.

Now let's edit Line 15. Type EDIT15,
and press ENTER. Now press X to go to
the end of Line 15, and type
X,ZZ(16,40). Press ENTER, run the
program, and watch what happens. The
program crashes.

Let's return to the problem line.
There is a long formula that allows the
use of a one-dimensional array in the
place of the customary two-dimensional
array. Being creative (and lazy), I will
make an educated guess.

List Line 15. I chose the number 24
by random, and changed all five arrays
to that single number. Retype Line 15
and replace all arrays with an array size
of 24. The program line should now
look like this:

15 DIM A(24),B(24),C(24),D(24),
ZZ(24)

Now run the program. If I got an FC
Error in Line 100, I would know that
my value was too low, and I would try

76 THE RAINBOW January 1 989

another value. However, this value did
work, so for now I will use it.

We can now add PUT statements to
our first set of feet. To do this, we must
first delete : SCREEN1 , 0 from Line 10 in
the following manner: Type ED IT 10 and
press ENTER. Next, press X to move to
the end of the. line, and use the left arrow
to move under the colon in Line 10.
Press ENTER and run the program. Now
press BREAK. We broke in Line 1000.
Although CoCo may have drawn our
prints, this is the default text screen so
nothing is happening here. We will
follow our program's GET statements

" The rule for
determining array
values is simple: Try
a value. If it works,

continue trying
lower values until
you find the lowest

value that won't
crash the computer

— or stop at a
usable value that
you prefer. "

(lines 60 to 64), with Line 80,
PCLS:SCREEN1,0. After all, we don't
want to see a jumbled mess; we only
want to see what we call in the PUT
statements.

Now enter Line 100. This line tells
CoCo to put Shoe B next to Shoe A.
Note that the difference between the
starting and ending coordinates is
16,40. Run the program to see the
results.

Now enter lines 120 and 130, the
variables for the woman's shoes, and
run the program. There's a problem.
Don't worry. Just change C to D in Line
120, and change D to C in Line 130. (I
have been known to make mistakes.)

. Now that I have a representative set
of PUT statements, 1 can experiment
with the DIM statements to see the

lowest array values CoCo will accept.

In Line 15, I replaced A (24) with
A (20 ) , and it didn't work (FC Error in
Line 100). So I tried a higher value,
A (22). That value worked. The value
A ( 21 ) worked as well. That means that
arrays B and ZZ, which have the same
area, can use 21 as well.

Because the woman's shoes have a
smaller area than the man's shoes, I first
tried the array C ( IB ) . It worked. I then
began trying the following values in
succession: C(14), D(12), C(ll) and
D(10). All these values worked. Fi-
nally, I tried C ( 9 ) , but this value didn't
work. (I got an FC Error in Line 62.)

Now that you know the lowest value
for each pair, use those values in Line
15. (Remember: You could have used 24
for your array value and encountered
no problems.)

The rule for determining these values
is simple: Try a value. If it works,
continue trying lower values until you
find the lowest value that won't crash
the computer — or stop at a usable
value that you prefer.

Now enter Line 135, which is a rou-
tine that makes the program pause until
you press a key. Lines 140 and 150 erase
two shoes. To determine the values to
put in the erase line, list the line you
want to erase (e.g., enter LI5T130).
Type the line number for your erase line
(in this case, 140), copy the first line
exactly, but substitute ZZ for«A. Now
run the program. Don't forget to press
a key, or you will wait forever.

You should now have a good idea
how the program should be con-
structed. Without referring to Listing 2,
try to complete the program. Place or
remove each item — program line —
one at a time, and run the program to
check your progress after you enter each
line.

You might want to make a diagram
that includes both sets of prints in each
of the four dance positions for the box
step. Divide the areas for each of the
four positions into four boxes, and
write the coordinates for each foot in
one of these boxes. This should help you
to keep the feet in perspective.

If you are unable to get your shoes to
dance, type in Listing 2,' debug it and see
how it works. Compare this listing to
last month's program. Now you know
two ways to animate a drawing. I think
you will find the GET and PUT routine
easier to use because this routine uses
only the PUT command to do the work.

Well, that's it for this month. Prepare
yourself for a home-grown animation
project next time out. □

Listing 1:

0 'LISTING1

10 PMODE 4, 1:PCLS: SCREEN 1,0

15 DIM A(21) ,B(21) ,C.(10) ,0(10) ,Z

Z(21)

20 DRAW"S8ClBM126,13 6BR3R2FM+2,6
DG3M+1, 4DNL4D3GL2HU4M-2 , -6U2M+2 ,
-6E"

30 DRAW"BM150,136BR2R2FM+2,6D2M-
2 , 6DNL4D3GL2HU4M+1 , -4H3UM+2 , -6E"
40 DRAW"S8C1BM129,96BR3RFDNL3D2M
-1, 3M+2 , 3DM-2 , 4LM-3 , -5UM+2 , -4U4E

50 DRAW"BM147,96BR2RFDNL3D3M+2,4
DM-3 , 5LM-2 , -4UM+2 , -3M-1 , -3U3E"
55 COLOR0:LINE(120,0)-(136,40) ,P

SET, BF

60 GET (0,0) -(16,40) ,A,G

61 GET (30,0) -(46, 40) ,B,G

62 GET(60,0)-(72,30) ,C,G

63 GET(90,0)-(102,30) ,D,G

64 GET(120,0) -(136,40) ,Z2,G
80 PCLS : SCREEN 1 , 0

100 PUT (128, 96) -(144, 146) , A, PSET
110 PUT(148, 96)-(164, 136) ,B, PSET
120 PUT(148,56)-(160,86) ,C,PSET
130 PUT(130,56)-(142,86) ,D,PSET
135 EXEC44539

140 PUT(130,56)-(142,86) ,ZZ,PSET
150 PUT(128,96)-(144,146) ,ZZ,PSE
T

160 PUT(130,16)-(142,46) ,C,PSET
1000 GOTO1000

Listing 2:

0 ' LISTING2

10 PMODE4 , 1 : PCLS

15 DIM A(21) ,B(21) ,C(10) ,D(10) ,Z
Z(21)

20 DRAW"S8C1BM0,0BR3R2FM+2,6DG3M
+1 , 4DNL4D3GL2HU4M-2 , -6U2M+2 , -6E"
:PAINT(4,4) ,1,1

30 DRAW"S8C1BM30,0BR2R2FM+2,6D2M
-2 , 6DNL4D3GL2HU4M+1 , -4H3UM+2 , -6E

PAINT (34, 4) ,1,1
40 DRAW"S8C1BM60,0BR3RFDNL3D2M-1
, 3M+2 , 3DM-2 , 4LM-3 , -5UM+2 , -4U4E" :
PAINT(66,2) ,1,1

50 DRAW'S 8 ClBM90,0BR2RFDNL3D3M+2
, 4DM-3 , 5LM-2 , -4UM+2 , -3M-1 , -3U3E"
:PAINT(96,2) ,1,1

55 COLORS: LINE (12j3,j3) -(136,40) ,P
SET, BF

60 GET (0,0) -(16, 40) ,A,G

61 GET(30,j3)-(46,40) ,B,G

62 GET (60,0) -(72, 30) ,C,G

63 GET(90,j3)-(102,30) ,D,G

64 GET(12J3,0)-(136,40) ,ZZ,G
80 PCLS: SCREEN 1,0

100 PUT(128,96)-(144,136) , A, PSET
110 PUT(148, 96)-(164, 136) ,B, PSET
120 PUT(148, 56) -(160,86) ,D, PSET
130 PUT(130,56)-(142,86) ,C,PSET
135 EXEC44539

140 PUT(130,56)-(142,86) ,ZZ,PSET
150 PUT(128,96)-(144,136) ,ZZ,PSE
T

160 PUT(130,16)-(142,46) ,C,PSET
170 PUT(128,56)-(144,96) , A, PSET
175 EXEC44539

180 PUT (148, 56
190 PUT (148, 16
200 PUT(148,96
T

210 PUT (148, 56
220 PUT (148, 16
230 PUT(188,16
240 PUT(148,56
250 PUT(190,56
255 EXEC44539
260 PUT(130,16
270 PUT(128,56
280 PUT (172, 16
290 PUT (170, 56
295 FOR Q=l TO
300 PUT (190, 56
310 PUT(190,96
320 PUT(188,16
330 PUT(188,56
335 EXEC44539
340 PUT(170,56
350 PUT (170, 16
360 PUT(170,56
370 PUT(170,96
375 FOR Q=l TO
380 PUT(170,96
T

390 PUT(128,96
400 PUT(170,56
410 PUT (130, 56
415 EXEC44539
420 PUT(190,96
T

430 PUT(148,96
440 PUT(188,56
450 PUT(148,56
460 EXEC44539:
1000 GOTO1000

-(160,86)
-(160,46)
-(164,136

-(164,96)
-(160,46)
-(200,46)
-(164,96)
-(206,96)

-(142,46)
-(144,96)
-(184,46)
-(186,96)
100: NEXT
-(206,96)
-(206,136
-(200,46)
-(200,86)

-(186,96)
-(184,46)
-(182,86)
-(186,136

100: NEXT

-(186,136) , ZZ,PSE

ZZ,PSET

D,PSET

,ZZ,PSE

B,PSET
ZZ,PSET
D,PSET
ZZ,PSET

B, PSET

ZZ,PSET
ZZ,PSET

C, PSET
A, PSET

ZZ,PSET
,B,PSET
ZZ,PSET

D, PSET

ZZ,PSET
ZZ,PSET
C,PSET
) , A, PSET

-(144,136
-(182,86)
-(142,86)

) , A, PSET
,ZZ,PSET
,C,PSET

-(206,136) ,ZZ,PSE

-(164,136
-(200,86)
-(160,86)
GOTO140

) ,B,PSET
,ZZ,PSET
,D,PSET

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 77

- F ea tur e

If your new year's resolution is to start
programming, this is a good place to start

Learn to Walk Before You RUN

By Brian C. White

Most newcomers to computer
programming look at the pro-
grams published in maga-
zines like THE RAINBOW and wonder if
they could ever write programs like
those. Many people get discouraged at
such marvels and give up programming
altogether. This article will help you
overcome some of your fears and will
present a secret for which some people
search for years.

Starting Out

If you are just beginning to program
your lovable CoCo, start at the begin-
ning. Find some small program that
sounds interesting and type it in. A good
place to look first is in the "Novices
Niche" of each month's RAINBOW.

When you type in a listing, don't just
copy straight from the magazine. Read
each line and try to figure out what it
does. If you understand what the line
does, you should be able to type almost
the whole line from memory. If you
cannot figure out a line, watch the
program in action and try to relate what
is happening to what you just typed.
This will help you learn more about the
language in which you are program-
ming. Once you feel confident with
small programs, move up to a larger
program. Keep moving up until you can
tackle even the largest programs.

Remember, no matter how good you
are as a programmer, you will always

Brian White currently studies electrical
engineering at the University of Water-
loo. He has been programming for the
Color Computer for six years and
teaches a local computer class.

make mistakes. After all, you're only
human. Your computer, on the other
hand, is not human and will faithfully
catch every typo you make. The best
way to minimize errors is to understand
what you are typing. That way, you are
less likely to type a wrong character,
because you will understand the line
well enough to know what character
belongs in that spot. Once the program
is typed in and saved, run it Unless you
are some kind of super-programmer,
you will get an error. (This brings us to
the next section.)

Syntactic Errors

There are two types of errors that
plague programmers. The first is the
syntactic error. The syntactic error
causes the familiar "Break in xxx"
message. These errors occur because the
computer has been instructed to do
something it is incapable of doing. The
largest problem associated with this
type of error is determining where the
error is located. When some people see
a message like "Break in 90," they
immediately list Line 90 and check it
against the printed listing for errors. If
they are unable to find a mistake in this
line, they assume there is something
wrong with the computer or the pro-
gram and quit. Something is wrong, but
it is not in Line 90. The only error that
always occurs in the line given is the
Syntax Error (?SN Error). All of the
other errors can, and quite often do,
originate in another line.

You may wonder how to find that
line. The answer is simple: Look for it.
I know, easier said than done. The best
way to simplify your search for the

problem is to understand what you
typed. If you did that, you should have
a good idea where to locate the error.

The first thing to do is to list the line
giving the error and to print the values
of all the variables in it. Once you find
the variable that is out of range (or
something like that), trace the program
back to where that variable was last
modified. Check for an error there. If
it's not there, trace the variable back
farther. Remember that variables are
sometimes modified differently, de-
pending on the values of other varia-
bles. Sometimes, you end up tracing a
large number of variables around. You
should not have to trace back too far
because an incorrect value will usually
cause an error soon after it becomes
incorrect. (Remember that I said "usu-
ally," not "always.") Also, if errors
based on a similar problem occur in
different places, look for a subroutine
called shortly before the location of
error-reporting lines.

Semantic Errors

The hardest errors to track down are
semantic errors. These are caused by
algorithm mistakes. An algorithm is a
step-by-step procedure for solving a
problem in a finite amount of time.
Semantic errors become evident during
the execution of the program and are
indicated by an incorrect result.

The best way to simplify the search
is to understand the program as you
type it in. (Funny how that last point
keeps popping up, isn't it?) Again, find
the variable that is giving the wrong
answer and trace it back through the
program. If you can figure out how the

78 THE RAINBOW January 1989

answer is different from the correct
result, you might remember a routine
that modified the variable in a similar
or even opposite way. By checking that
routine, you might find a wrong sym-
bol, number, etc. that causes the prob-
lem. Sometimes more than one error is
causing problems in the variable.

Only time will help you solve this type
of problem. If the problem is in your
own program, and you have narrowed
it down to a specific equation, try
printing the equation from the direct
mode (the OK prompt) in small parts.
This will help you find the part of the
equation that isn't working properly. To
use this method, it is essential to know
what you are looking for and to under-
stand what the equation is doing.

Programming Languages

If you have ever taken a second
language — French, Spanish, Japanese
or English — you have probably been
told that the second language is the
hardest to learn because you have no
idea what similarities and differences
there are among all languages. The
same is true for programming lan-
guages.

Once you have learned BASIC, you
will probably find that a second lan-
guage will be harder to learn. Again,
you have no idea what similarities and
differences there are between the two
languages, and you are tempted to try
many of the things you learned in BASIC.

Read the manual on any new lan-
guage before you try anything. It is the
only way to really learn the new com-
mands. You must remember commands
for each language, and keep these
separate from the commands of other
languages because they are not inter-
changeable. Few commands will be the
same in different languages. For in-
stance, you are probably familiar with
the PRINT statement in BASIC; but are
you familiar with the WRITELN state-
ment of Pascal, or the PR I NTF statement
of G? All three of these statements send
text someplace, usually to the screen.

Once you have learned two lan-
guages, you will begin to find a common
ground for all languages. The more
languages you learn, the easier they will
seem, and the more defined your com-
mon ground will become. It is also
important to note that the languages I
have described (BASIC, Pascal, and CJ
are similar because they are all high- 5
level languages. You will find a low-level
language, like assembly language, very
different from the high-level languages,
but very similar to other low-level

languages. Each category of languages
has its own similarities, differences and
common ground.

The Envelope Please...

After all the talk of understanding
what you are typing, you are probably
wondering how to do it. That question
i$ synonymous with the secret of pro-
gramming. There is no magic POKE
statement, or even a one-line program.
The answer is both simpler and more
complex than either of these. The
answer is: do it.

Disappointed? Nobody said the
answer would be easy, just simple. The
secret of becoming a good programmer
is to program. The next time you see an
interesting program listed in RAINBOW,
take some time and type it in. I suggest
that you start small and work your way
up. It doesn't really matter what you are
typing, as long as you type it and
understand what you are typing. Read-
ing the listing in the magazine will not
achieve the same results.

The next time you see a neat little "I
need that" program, don't load it off
RAINBOW ON TAPE or DISK or call up
Delphi for a quick download. Sit down
for a couple of minutes, hours, or days
(depending upon the program's size)
and type it in. That is how to start
learning. The best part is that once you
start learning and realize how enjoyable
and rewarding it can be, you won't want
to stop. You will find another "I want
that" program and type it in, As long
as you try to understand each line and
routine as you type it in, you will find
programming is not the complicated
behemoth you thought it was. Rather it
is a simple way of expressing yourself.

Going Beyond

If, all of your life, you learned only
what your teachers told you, you would
eventually know as much as your
teachers, but no more. When you type
in a program, you are the student, and
the original programmer is the teacher.
Sure, you learn some great program-
ming tricks far more efficient than
anything you have ever dreamed of
trying. That's okay. Next time you write
a program, you will know a better way
to do something than you did before.

:T6 go beyond this, however, you
must take a hard look at the pro-
grammer's algorithms and find ways to
do the same thing, better, faster and
more efficiently. I'm not saying you
should alter that program, but the next
time you write a program of your own,
ypu will remember the algorithm and

put it in. Then, when you think your
programs are good enough to be pub-
lished, you become the teacher and the
people typing in your program are your
students. Look at all the ideas you can
share through your programs at that
point. Wouldn't it be disappointing to
think that your knowledge couldn't be
passed on to others who could take your
ideas and improve upon them further?

Summary

Becoming a good programmer does
not happen overnight. It takes years of
dedication and a tremendous amount of
time. Some of you may think you don't
have the time. Maybe not, but you have
enough time to learn a little. Then, you
might have time to learn a little bit
more. Who knows, over the course of
years, you might have the time to write
a best-selling program.

Programming is not as difficult as it
sounds. True, it is easier for some
people than for others, but you can
never improve unless you try. Even the
longest journey begins with one small
step.

(Questions or comments about this
article may be directed to the author at
P.O. Box 1565, 1124 Kaposvar Dr.,
Esterhazy, SK, Canada SOA 0X0.
Please include an SASE when request-
ing a reply.) □

For additional information on typing
and debugging program listings, see the
following tutorials and utilities, which
can be found in back issues of THE
RAINBOW:

• "RainbowCheck Plus" by H. Allen
Curtis (February '84, Page 21 and
RAINBOW Info located on Page 16 of
this issue), a "check sum" system which
takes a byte count of a specified
number of lines of BASIC program-
ming and then compares the byte count
to the number of values assigned to the
characters you type in.

• "Don't String Me Along" by Ellen and
George Aftamonow ( October 1 86, Page
1 00), uses a technique to track down FC
(Function Call) Errors.

• "Escape From the Bug Zone" by Eu-
gene Vasconi (January '87, Page 58),
minimizes various programming bugs
due to typing errors and increases
programming expertise.

• "Yakety-Yak the CoCo Talks Back" by
Bob Roberts (October '87, Page 106), a
debugging utility that uses the Speech/
Sound Cartridge to read BASIC pro-
gram listings.

• "Starting From Scratch" by Lauren
Willoughby (January '88, Page 20), tips
for the new Color Computer user
typing in BASIC program listings,

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 79

1 W i sh i ng Well

If you have an idea for the -Wishing
Well" submit it to Fred cfo the
RAINBOW. Remember, keep your
ideas specific, arid don't forget this is
BASIC. All programs resulting from
your wishes are for your use, but
remain the property of the author.

Recently, educational critics have
placed a great deal of emphasis on
standardized test scores. Students going
through high school today must face
PSATs, SATs, ACTs, CATs and a
multitude of other T's. One thing all
these tests have in common is their use
of analogy.

Unfortunately, analogies are not that
easy to teach. They are more a testing
mechanism that measures reasoning
and logic skills than a tool you can use
in your everyday life. Still, the politi-
cians demand that teachers prepare
students to make high scores on the
tests, for funding depends on student
scores.

To help us deal with this pressure, I
have written Analogies, a basic pro-
gram that will help to both train and test
a student in the use of analogies.

What Is an Analogy?

At some point in your education, you
must have faced an analogy test of some
kind. An example of an analogy might
appear like the following:

Dog is to cat

Cat is to mouse

The relationship between a dog and cat
is the same as the relationship between
a cat and mouse. Both involve a super-
ior enemy and its prey.

The following is an an example of
another analogy, which is more difficult
to identify because it links a concept
with an individual:

Knowledge is to genius
as

Ignorance is to idiot

Fred Scerbo is a special needs instructor
for the North Adams Public Schools in
North Adams, Massachusetts. HeViolds
a master's in education and hasipub-
lished some of the first software avail-
able for the Color Computer through
his software firm, Illustrated Memory
Banks.

Comparisons made easy

Where's
the Logic?

By Fred B. Scerbo

Rainbow Contributing Editor

We may wonder how we can teach
such concepts. The only way to teach
analogies is through examples. Vocab-
ulary terms can be listed and compared
in analogies. What is needed is an easy
way to present these concepts.

Enter Analogies: The Program

The program Analogies will run on a
16K Extended Color BASIC machine. It
is designed to come up with a multitude
of analogies and false comparisons.
There is no limit to the different com-
binations it can generate, since the 48
examples can be paired in any number
of random ways.

Although the program is quite sim-
ple, the subroutines have a bit of style
to them. I have even included a subrou-
tine that recognizes a beginning vowel
or vowel sound, and the appropriate use
of an, rather than a as the article.

There are six categories of analogies
from which the program will choose
questions. They are as follows:

Object and Action

Tenses

Homonyms

Parts and Whole

Synonyms

Antonyms

Let me give you some examples. In
the Object and Action category, we are

told that "button is to push" as "lever
is to pull." A button (object) is pushed
(action), and a lever is pulled.

In the Parts and Whole category, we
see that "minute is to hour" as "month
is to year." The first word is a part of
the larger whole, represented by the
second word.

I am sure you are beginning to see
what I mean.

Running the Program

When you use this program, type RUN
to get the title screen. Start the program
by pressing ENTER. You will be pre-
sented with the first example and four
possible answers, A through D. Simply
press the letter of your choice.

Once you have made your choice, the
program will indicate whether you were
correct or incorrect. In either case, a
flashing arrow will appear next to the
correct choice.

Pressing ENTER again will bring up
the next screen. If your choice was
incorrect, the program explains why the
answer was incorrect and shows you an
explanation of the correct analogy. A
correct response shows only an expla-
nation of the correct relationship be-
tween the two statements.

Any time you are in an example, you
can go to the score card by pressing @.
As with all my other educational pro-
grams, you can continue where you left
off by pressing C to continue.

That's all there is to it.

Changing the Program

All the examples are listed in the data
at the end of the program. There can
only be eight sets in each of the six
categories. You can change anything in
the set by typing your own examples,
making them easier or more difficult.

You can create a new category, but
then you must change the data in Line
85 affected by this change. (For exam-
ple, if you wanted to delete the homo-
nyms category, you would have to
change the data SDUNDS JUST LIKE.)

Conclusion

This program opens up a new world
of educational opportunities for your
CoCo. If you have an idea that is
educational in nature, feel free to con-
tact me with your suggestion. It may
provide the spark that helps me create
a whole new type of software. See you
next month. □

THE RAINBOW January 1989

50 6

120 191

240 149

325 72

410 29

1030 60

4020 209

END 26

The listing: ANALOGY

1 REM***************************

2 REM*

3 REM*

4 REM*

5 REM*

6 REM*

*
*

QUIZ ON ANALOGIES
QUICK WRITING AID
BY FRED B. SCERBO
60 HARDING AVENUE
NORTH ADAMS, MA 01247

7 REM***************************

8 CLEAR2000

9 CLSJ3

lj3 PRINTSTRING$(32,140)STRING$(3
2 / 156)STRING$(32 / 188) ;
15 F0RI=1T016J3 ;READ A:PRINTCHR$
(A+128) ; : NEXT

2 0 PRINTS TRING $ (32,179) STRING$ ( 3
2 ,147) STRING$ (32 ,131) ;
25 DATA46,44,44,42,43, ,45,37,44,
44,45,3 6,46, , ,37,44,44,45,37,44,
44,42,45,40,45,44,44,42,46,44,45
30 DATA42, , ,42,46,43,37,37, , ,37,
/ 42 , , ,37, , ,37,37, , ,32,37, , 37, , , ,
42,,

35 DATA46,44,44,42,42,36,47,37,4
4,44,45, ,42,,, 37, ,,37, 37,, 44, 42,

37, ,37,44
40 DATA42
2, ,33,37,
,34,34, ,37
45 DATA4 4
,44,36,44

40, ,44,44,45
,,42, 42, ,37, 37, ,,37, ,4
,37,37,32, ,42,37, ,37, ,

,36,40,44,32,44,36,40,
44,44,3 6,44,44,44,36,4
4,44,40,44,40,44,44,44,40,44,44,
44

50 PRINT@390," QUIZ ON ANALOGIES

55 PRINT@422," BY FRED B. SCERBO
"; :PRINT@454," COPYRIGHT (C)198
8 ";

60 X$=INKEY$ : IFX$OCHR$ ( 13 ) THEN 6
65 CLS0

70 DIM A$(8,2,6) ,B(4) ,S(4) ,C(8) ,
D(4),R$(7)

75 FORI=lT07:READ R$(I):NEXT

80 F0RI=1T06:F0RZ=1T08:F0RY=1T02

:READ A$(Z,Y,I) :NEXTY,Z,I

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January 1989 THE RAINBOW 81

85 DATA IS SOMETHING YOU, IN THE

295 LL$=A$(X, 2,Y) :IFY<>4THENQ=0:

PAST TENSE IS, SOUNDS JUST LIKE, I

GOTO305

S PART OF A, MEANS THE SAME AS, IS

300 GOSUB395

THE OPPOSITE OF, IS PART OF AN

305 PRINTTAB (7 ) R$ (Y+Q) : PRINTTAB (

90 X=RND(8)

12)A$(X,2,Y)

95 Y=RND(6)

310 PRINT: PRINTTAB (12) "WHILE": PR

FX=0 : GOSUB105 : GOT012 0

INT

105

CLS:PRINT@64," CHOOSE THE LE

315 LL$=A$(D(XX) ,2,B(S(XX) ) ) :IFB

TTER WHICH BEST COMPLETES THE

(S(XX) )<>4THEN325

ANALOGY BELOW PRINT

320 GOSUB395

110

PRINT" "A$(X,1,Y)" IS TO

325 PRINTTAB ( 12 )A$(D (XX) ,1,B(S(X
X) ) ) :PRINTTAB(7)R$(B(S(XX) )+Q) :P

H A$(X,2,Y) ". . .AS":PRINT

115

RETURN

RINTTAB(12)A$(D(XX) ,2,B(S(XX) ) ) 1

120

F0RI=1T03 : B ( I ) =0 : NEXT : FORI=l

330 PRINT: PRINT" PRESS «ENTER»

TO 3

TO CONTINUE !"

125

YZ=RND ( -TIMER) :B(I)=RND(6) :I

33 5 X$=INKEY$:IFX$<>CHR$(13)THEN

F B(I)=Y THEN125

335

130

NEXTI:B(4)=Y

340 CLS:PRINT@32, " IN THIS CORR

135

F0RI=1T08 : C (I) =0 : NEXT

ECT ANALOGY ....": PRINT : PRINT@108

140

F0RI=1T04

,A$(X,1,Y)

145

S(I)=RND(4) :IF C(S(I) )=1THEN

345 LL$=A$(X,2,Y) :IFYO4THENQ=0:

145

GOT0355

150

C(S(I) )=1:NEXT

350 GOSUB395

155

F0RI=1T08 : C ( I ) =1 : NEXT

355 PRINTTAB ( 7 ) R$ ( Y+Q ) : PRINTTAB (

160

F0RI=1T04

12)A$(X,2,Y)

165

D(I)=RND(8) :IFC(D(I) )=0THEN1

360 PRINT: PRINTTAB (12) "WHILE": PR

INT

170

IF D(I)=X THEN165

3 65 LL$=A$(D(W) ,2,Y) :IFY<>4THENQ

175

C(D(I) )=0:NEXT

=0:GOTO375

180

GOSUB185:GOTO205

370 GOSUB395

185

F0RI=1T04

375 PRINTTAB ( 12 ) A$ ( D (W) ,1,Y) :PRI

190

PRINTTAB ( 4 ) ;CHR$(64+I) ") "A$

NTTAB(7)R$ (Y+Q) : PRINTTAB ( 12 ) A$ (D

(D(I) ,1,B(S(I)))" IS TO »A$(D(I)
,2,B(S(I)))

(W) ,2,Y)

380 PRINT: PRINT" PRESS «ENTER»

195

TO CONTINUE !"

200

RETURN

385 X$=INKEY$:IFX$OCHR$(13)THEN

205

X$=INKEY$ : IFX$=" "THEN 20 5

385

210

IF X$="@"THENGOSUB435

390 GOTO90

215

XX=ASC(X$) :XX=XX-64:IFXX<1TH

395 LF$=LEFT$(LL$,1) : IF LF$="A"T

EN205

HEN430

220

IFXX>4THEN205

400 IF LF$="E"THEN430

225

IFB(S(XX))=Y THEN 240

405 IF LF$="I"THEN430

230

IR=IR+1 : PRINT : PRINT" SORRY , B

410 IF LF$="O"THEN430

UT THAT IS NOT CORRECT!"

415 IF LF$="U"THEN430

235

GOT0245

420 LF$=LEFT$(LL$,2) :IF LF$="HO"

240

CR=CR+l: PRINT: PRINT" VERY GO

THEN4 3 0

OD,

YOU ARE CORRECT !"

425 Q=0 : RETURN

245

PRINT: PRINT" PRESS «ENTER»

430 Q=3: RETURN

CONTINUE !"

435 CLS : PRINT : PRINT : PRINT

250

F0RK=1T04:IFS(K)=4 THEN W=K

440 PQ=CR+IR:IF PQ=0THEN PQ=1

255

NEXTK

445 PRINT" NUMBER CORRECT = "

260

PRINT@192+(W*32) ," =>" ;

265

FORKK=1TO100 : NEXTKK

450 PRINT

270

X$=INKEY$ : IFX$=CHR$ ( 13 ) THEN2

455 PRINT" NUMBER WRONG = "

275

PRINT@192+(W*32) ," " ;

460 PRINT: PRINT" STUDENT SCOR

280

FORKK=1TO100 : NEXTKK: GOT02 60

E- = ";INT(CR*100/PQ) ;"%"

285

IF B(S(XX))=Y THEN340

465 PRINT: PRINT" ANOTHER TRY

290

CLS:PRINT@32," IN THE FOLLOW

(Y/N/C) ";

ING

ANALOGIES ....": PRINT : PRINT @1

A 1 fX TJ<£ — TMVTTVC • TIT LJ£ If II rnTJT?M/ *7 (%

**/)£) ri 9 — ±JS iVL i 9 • J.T W Z?— lxlHiJN % / p

08,A$(X,1,Y)

475 IF W$="C ,f THEN FX=1 : GOSUB105 :

82 THE RAINBOW January 1969

G0SUB18 5: RETURN

3070

DATA

PEACE, PIECE

480 IF W$="Y" THEN RUN

3080

DATA

EIGHT, ATE

485 :

EF W$«"N" THEN CLS : END

4000
~ ~ ~

REM PARTS & WHOLE

490 GOTO470

4010

DATA

MINUTE , HOUR

1000

REM OBJECT-ACTION

4020

DATA

HOUR , DAY

1010

DATA HORSE, RIDE

4030

DATA

DAY , WEEK

1020

DATA CAR. DRIVE

4040

DATA

WEEK, MONTH

1030

DATA PLANE. FLY

4050

DATA

MONTH , YEAR

1040

DATA BUTTON, PUSH

4060

DATA

SLICE, PIE

1050

DATA LEVER. PULL

4070

DATA

TREE, FOREST

1060

DATA SPOON. STIR

4080

DATA

CELL, ORGANISM

1070

DATA BALL. BOUNCE

5000

REM SYNONYMS

1080

DATA BOOK. READ

5010

DATA

HAPPY , GLAD

2000
~ ~ ~

REM TENSES

5020

DATA

DULL, BORING

2010

DATA COME, CAME

5030

DATA

SILLY, FOOLISH

2020

DATA SING, SANG

5040

DATA

LOUD, NOISY

2030

DATA SPEAK, SPOKE

5050

DATA

FAR, DISTANT

2040

DATA SEE, SAW

5060

DATA

SAD, DEPRESSED

2050

DATA DIG, DUG

5070

DATA

WASH, CLEAN -

2060

DATA RUN, RAN

5080

DATA

DIRTY, SOILED

207)3

DATA FLY , FLEW

6000
~ ~ ~

REM ANTONYMS

2080

DATA WASH, WASHED

6010

DATA

NIGHT, DAY

3000

REM HOMONYMS

6020

DATA

UP , DOWN

3010

DATA HEAR, HERE

6030

DATA

RIGHT, LEFT

3020

DATA SEE, SEA

6040

DATA

PEACE , WAR

3030

DATA TEA, TEE

6050

DATA

EMPTY , FULL

3040

DATA BUY, BY

6060

DATA

DIRTY , CLEAN

3050

DATA TWO, TOO

6070

DATA

LONG, SHORT

3060

DATA ONE, WON

6080

DATA

FAST, SLOW

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In the humoroua aide of life with our llluetrloua CoCo

— from currant world eventa to proframa that mock
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January 1989 THE RAINBOW 83

' BAS I Cally Sp e aking

Saving Graphics

Dear Bill:

How can I save a Co Co 3 picture to
disk?

Bernard Robichaud
Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan

Graphics is my favorite part of com-
puting. Let's begin with saving CoCo 3
graphics files to disk. I know two
methods; perhaps other readers can
offer alternative solutions.

We have an interesting trade here.
One method is much faster — the whole
process takes two or three seconds —
but takes up four 4-gran files (16 grans
total) to save a single screen. The other
method, on the other hand, takes al-
most two minutes but needs only two
grans to save and load the screen.

The first method, discussed by Rich-
ard Esposito in his January '87 column
(Page 167), uses the following two
routines:

Save Routine

10 INPUT"NAME:";N$

20 FDR I=&H70 TO &H73

30 POKE &HFFA2,I

40 F$=N$+'VHR"+CHR$(I-64)

50 SAVEM F$,&H4000,&H5FFF, 44539

60 NEXT I

70 POKE &HFFA2,&H7A

Load Routine

10 INPUT"NAME:";N$

20 INPUT"HSCREENtt";H

30 H5CREEN H

40 FOR I=&H70 TO &H73

50 POKE &HFFA2, 1

B0 F$=N$+'VHR"+CHR$( I-G4)

70 LOADM F$

80 NEXT I

90 POKE &HFFA2, &H7A

This procedure will make four saves,
each one saving one-fourth of the screen
with the extensions /HR1, /HR2, /HR3
and /HR4. The procedure is effective
and fast, but it is memory-consuming.

BASICally

Speaking

By Bill Bernico

Rainbow Contributing Editor

The second — slower — method is
the one I use in my Building Blocks
program (see Page 28). It looks like this:

Save Routine

10 INPUT"NAME: ";N$
20 HSCREEN 2

30 OPEN"D'\ttl,N$+'VB83",80
40 FIELDttl,80 , AS, L$
50 PT=1:F0R Y=2 TD 158 STEP 4
60 D$=" : 'TOR X=2 TO 319 STEP 4
70 D$=D$+CHR$(HPOINT(X,Y) )
80 NEXT X:LSET L$=D$:PUTttl , PT
90 PT=PT+1:NEXT Y:CLOSE

Load Routine

10 INPUT"NAME:";N$
20 HSCREEN 2

30 OPEN"D", 81,N$+"/BB3" , 1

40 FIELDttl , 1 AS L$

50 PT=1:F0R Y=2 TO 158 STEP 4

60 FOR X=2 TO 319 STEP 4

70 GETB1,PT:PT=PT+1

80 HPAINT(X,Y),ASC(L$),8

90 NEXT X, Y: CLOSE

In this particular example, I've used
/BB3 as my extension. Use something
else if you like. Also, in my load routine,
Line 80 paints in to a black border by
specifying an '8' at the end. Building
Blocks has a screen full of small black
lines that make up the picture. This is
why Line 80 uses PAINT instead of HSET
for those areas. If you want, you could

modify the save and load portions,
omitting the STEP 4 line endings, and
changing HPAINT to HSET to save a
screen without the black boxes.

Easy as ABC

Dear Bill:

I'm working on a program that has
26 possible menu choices (one for every
letter of the alphabet). I'm including
program lines for every possible out-
come, but it's taking up a lot of space.
I have 26 lines that read as follows:

200 IF A$="A" THEN 300

201 IF A$="B" THEN 310

(And so on, and so on.) It's getting
awfully long and tiresome. There has to
be an easier way. Can you help?

Leon Danby,
Natick, MA

I think I can save you some room,
Leon, if you'll use one of the two
methods described here. A command
that you don't see used very much,
called INSTR, is used to locate a sub-
string within a larger string. Let me
explain how you can use it. If the place
in your program where the user chooses
one of the letter options begins at Line
200, the INSTR command would be used
in this manner:

200 PRINT'THDOSE A LETTER (A-Z)
210 A$=INKEY$: IF A$=""THEN 210
220 AL="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
UVWXYZ"

230 ON INSTR(AL$,A$) GOTO 300,310,320,
330, 340,350,360 ,370,380,390 ,
400,410 ,420,430,440,450,460,
470,480,490,500,510,520,530,
540,550
240 GOTO 210

300 (outcome of Answer A here)
310 (outcome of A nswer B here)
320 (outcome of Answer C here)
(etc.)

If, when using this method, the user
presses C, the program branches off to
Line 320. It's much shorter and more
efficient than having 26 separate lines to
handle 26 different answers.

Look at Line 210 in this example. The
statement A$=INKEY$ temporarily
stores the answer to the key that is
pressed in A$. When the program gets
to the INSTR command in Line 230, it

THE RAINBOW January 1989

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Submitting

Material
To Rainbow

Contributions to the rainbow
are welcome from everyone. We
like to run a variety of programs
that are useful/helpful/fun for
other CoCo owners.

WHAT TO WRITE: We are inter-
ested in what you may wish to tell
our readers. We accept for consid-
eration anything that is well-
written and has a practical appli-
cation for the Tandy Color Com-
puter. If it interests you, it will
probably interest lots of others.
However, we vastly prefer articles
with accompanying programs
which can be entered and run. The
more unique the idea, the more the
appeal. We have a continuing need
for short articles with short list-
ings. These are especially appeal-
ing to our many beginners.

FORMAT: Program submis-
sions must be on tape or disk, and
it is best to make several saves, at
least one of them in ASCII format.
We're sorry, but we do not have
time to key in programs and debug
our typing errors. All programs
should be supported by some ed-
itorial commentary explaining
how the program works. We also
prefer that editorial copy be in-
cluded on the tape or disk using
any of the word processors cur-
rently available for the Color Com-
puter. Also, please include a
double-spaced printout of your
editorial material and program
listing. Do not send text in all
capital letters; use upper- and
lowercase.

COMPENSATION: We do pay
for submissions, based on a
number of criteria. Those wishing
remuneration should so state
when making submissions.

For the benefit of those who
wish more detailed information on
making submissions, please send
a self-addressed, stamped enve-
lope (SASE) to: Submission
Guidelines, the rainbow, The Fal-
soft Building, P.O. Box 385, Pros-
pect, KY 40059. We will send you
comprehensive guidelines.

Please do not submit material
currently submitted to another
publication.

searches the longer string (in this case
RL$) for the contents of fl$. When it
finds that string, it branches off accord-
ingly.

There is a second method, just as
effective and just as short. Just choose
the one you prefer. To make this second
method effective, you must work with
ASCII values in the menu selection. The
example I used earlier would now look
something like this:

200 PRINT-CHOOSE R LETTER (R-Z)
210 R$=INKEY$:IF R$=""THEN 210
220 R=R5C(R$)

230 IF R<G5 OR R>90 THEN 210

240 ON R- 64 GOTO 300 , 310 , 320 , 330 ,

340,350,360,370,380,390,400,

410,420,430,440,450,460,470,

480,4 90,500,510,520,530,540,

550

250 GOTO 210

300 (outcome of Answer A here)
310 (outcome of Answer B here)
320 (outcome of Answer C here)
(etc.)

Let me explain what's happening
here. Lines 200 and 210 are identical to
the IN5TR example. However, since
each character has an ASCII value, we
need to transfer the contents of R$ into
a numerical ASCII value. That's done
in Line 220. Now, whenever you press
one of the letter options, its ASCII
value is put into Variable R, For exam-
ple, if you choose B from the menu, the
number 65 (the ASCII value of B) is put
into Variable R.

Line 230 checks to see if you press any
key other than a letter. Since A has a
value of 65 and Z, a value of 90, any
selection less than A or greater than Z
will not be accepted. Line 240 subtracts
64 from your value and goes through
the list, branching off to the appropriate
line number. We subtract 64 from the
selected value so that your 0N-G0T0
routine can count from one to 26,
instead of from 65 to 90, when looking
for the correct branch.

Automatic Repeat

Dear Bill:

I know how to use the INKEYS com-
mand by itself but is there a way to
make it repeat itself without constantly
pressing a key?

Matt Clayton,
Cleveland, OH

Good question, Matt. I know of two
ways to accomplish this task. I hope one
of them works the way you want in your
program. Both procedures involve
poking values in order to make the
computer do something it wouldn't
otherwise do. To get the INKEYS func-
tion to repeat itself, you'll have to do
something like the following:

10 CLS

20 fl$=INKEY$: IF R$""THEN 20

30 FOR X=33B TO 345: POKE X,255:

NEXT X

40 PRINT R$;

50 GOTO 20

Without Line 30, the INKEYS func-
tion will work as usual. Line 30 convin-
ces the computer that the key has been
pressed again for as long as you hold it
down. If you hit the key very quickly
and let it up again, you may be able to
get just one character to display, but the
repeat function is almost immediate.

The second way to accomplish this
same task is to poke two values into the
computer before the INKEY$ command.
The routine would look like this:

10 CLS

20 POKE 341, 255: POKE 342,255
30 fl$-INKEYS: IF R$=""THEN 20
40 PRINT R$;
50 GOTO 30

You'll notice that Line 30 goes back
to Line 20 instead of the INKEYJ com-
mand in Line 30. In other words, you
have to poke those values each time you
want the repeat feature. If you incorpo-
rate this technique into a graphics
program, you can use it to make a gun
shoot repeating shots, use it to advance
numbers on the screen, or perhaps use
it to speed up your graphics screen
cursor and move objects all over the
screen much faster.

Questions about specific basic program-
ming problems can be addressed to BASIC-
ally Speaking, the rainbow, P.O. Box 385,
Prospect KY 40059.

We reserve the right to publish only
questions of general interest and to edit for
brevity and clarity. We are unable to answer
letters individually,

For a quicker response, your questions
may also be submitted through rainbow's
Co Go SIG on Delphi. From the CoCo
SIG>prompt, type ASK for "Ask the Ex-
perts." At the EXPERTS>prompt, select
the "BASICally Speaking" online form,
which has complete instructions.

86 THE RAINBOW January 1989

Results from July's programming contest

We Have a Winner!

By Bill Bernico

Contest Judge

A programming contest was an-
nounced in the July '88 anniver-
sary issue ("Set Your Wheels to
Spinning," Page 48), which gave RAIN-
BOW readers a chance to finish a pro-
gram I started. My original "core pro-
gram" contained three spinning dials,
numbered from one to eight. While the
"core" stopped the dials on random
numbers, the objective was to add to the
program, making it more complete.

All the entries are in, and the winners
have been selected. Although deciding
who would take second, third, and
fourth through tenth places was diffi-
cult, selecting the first-place winner was
a snap.

Well, maybe not a snap. I had a
problem there, too. The winning entry
was submitted by Don Stickles from
Northboro, Massachusetts, who sent in
four entries, each one a winner in its
own right. The hard part was deciding
which of his four entries would be the
grand prize winner. 1 was delighted by
each one of his four entries, but I chose
Ring the Bell as the winner. Don will
receive a subscription to both THE

RAINBOW and RAINBOW ON TAPE or

DISK. Don's program is included with
this article.

Second place was captured by Milt
Poulos of Bound Brook, New Jersey,
for his entry Times Table. For his
efforts, Milt wins a year's subscription
to RAINBOW Magazine. Congratula-
tions, Milt.

Third place goes to a fellow Wiscon-
sinite, Kathy Rumpel of Arcadia, for
her entry CoCo Lotto. Kathy's prize is
a collection of 150 of my best programs
called Special Pack. Every one of these
winners presented fine entries.

The following readers placed fourth
through tenth in the contest and will
receive a disk with 25 of my best pro-
grams:

Derek Snider of Scarborough, On-
tario, for Spinning CoCo Slots
Brent Dingle of Norwalk, Iowa, for
Chance Addition

Hollen Seay of Dacatur, Alabama,
for Crazy Ball

Domingo Martinez of Miami, Flor-
ida, for Roman Numeral
* Frank Sanders, for Spokes of For-
tune

Daniel and Maurice LeDuc of St.
Antoine des Laurentides, Ontario,
for Dial a Buck

*Patrick Uzan, for Tri-Dial Nomial

♦Frank and Patrick, please contact
THE rainbow. We need your addresses
in order to send your prizes.

Congratulations to all of you. Your
efforts made my task both difficult and
rewarding.

Let me tell you a little about the
winning program. It is a simulation of
the carnival game in which you try to
ring the bell by pounding a fulcrum with
a mallet. As in my original — core —
program, you are presented with three
dials. Pressing 1 will stop the first dial
from spinning. Pressing 2 stops the
second dial, and pressing 3 stops the
third dial. Each dial will stop on a
random number from one to eight.

V ) 3

«■

By — X 2

7 At

CD <J| 1 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 1

These three numbers are then displayed
on the graphics screen. They represent
the strength with which you have swung
your mallet when trying to ring the bell.
Pressing the space bar after each at-
tempt allows you to try again. Although
simple, the program is entertaining.

Congratulations to all of you for
some fine programming. I offer my
thanks to all those who entered. □

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 87

130

137

250

249

360

.195

480

580

180

END

....40

The listing: RINGBELL

10 'BASIC PROGRAMMING CONTEST

WINNER . . . "RINGBELL"
20 'by Bill Bemico
30 'AND Don Stickles

50 CLEAR1000:DIM A (12 ,12)
6 0 D$= " BM=H ; , =V ; '• : X$= " BM=X ; , =Y ; »
70 N1$="BR3R2U6NGD6R2":N2$="BR3B
U5ER2FDGL2GD2R4 " : N3 $="BR3BU5ER2F
DGNLFDGL2NH" : N4 $="BR6U6G3R4 " : N5 $
="BR3BUFR2EU2HL3U2R4":N6$="BR3BU
3R3 FDGL2HU4 ER2 " : N7 $= " BR3 BU6R4 DG3
D2 " : N8 $= " BR4HUER2 EUHL2 GDFR2 FDGNL
2"

80 AA$="BR6U2NR3U3ER2FD5" : BB$="B
R6NLU3NR2U3NLR2FDBD1D2GNLBR" : CC$
= " BR6BR4 BU1GL2 HU4ER2 FBD5 " : EE$="B
R6BR4L4U3NR3U3R4BD6" : PP$="BR6U6R
3 FDGL2 BR3 BD3 "

90 RR$="BR6U6R3FDGL2F3BR":SS$="B

R6NHR2 EUHL2 HUER2 FBD5 " : LT$="BR2H4

E4BD7" :GT$="BR3BDE4H4" :NO$="BR12

U2NLNR3U2NLNU2R2NU2NRD4 "

100 PMODE4,1:PCLS1:SCREEN1,1:COL

OR0,1:ON BRK GOTO800

110 DRAW"BM8,0R80D73L80U73"

120 CIRCLE (48, 36) ,25

130 DRAW"BM42,8"+N1$+"BM64, 17"+N

2$+"BM74,39"+N3$+"BM65,59"+N4$+"

BM43,70"+N5$+"BM21,59"+N6$+"BM12

, 3 9 "+N7 $+ " BM2 2 , 18 "+N8 $

140 GET(8,0)-(88,73) ,A

150 PUT(88,0)-(168,73) ,A:PUT(168

,0)-(248,73) ,A

160 DRAW"BM8,0R240D191L240U191
170 RI$=D$+"R20NH2G2":LE$=D$+"L2
0NE2F2" :UP$=D$+"U20NG2F2":DO$=D$
+"D20NH2E2":UR$=D$+"E14NL3D3":LR
$=D$+"F14NU3L3 " : LL$=D$+"G14NR3U3
" :UL$=D$+"H14NR3D3
180 CIRCLE (125, 92) , 5 : DRAWBM115 ,
97R20D80L20U80" : DRAWBM123 , 107NR

4BD10NR4BD10NR4BD10NR4BD10NR4BD1
0NR4BD10NR4 "

190 DRAW"BM125,177D4R20G4R6H4R19
U3R3 D3 L3 " : PAINT (145, 184), 0,0: PAI

NT(164,180) ,0,0

200 CIRCLE (187, 168) , 4 : DRAW"BM186
,167R1BL2BD4E2" :DRAW"BM187 , 172D1
2NG7F7L1H6G6"

210 DRAW"BM187,175NE8BD2E8BU1BG2
E8H2E3F4G3H2": PAINT (202, 160) ,0,0
220 DRAWC0BM20, 130"+PP$+RR$+EE$
+SS$+SS$+NO$

230 H=48:V=36:DRAW"C0BM90,130"+N
l$:GOSUB 600

240 IF INKEY$<>"1"THEN 230

250 COLOR1,0:LINE(90, 122) -(100,1

32) ,PSET,BF

260 X=110:Y=82:GOSUB 700:J=S

270 H=128:V=36:DRAW"C0BM90,130"+

N2$:GOSUB 600

280 IF INKEY$<>"2" THEN 270

290 COLOR1,0:LINE(90,122)-(100,1

32) ,PSET,BF

300 X=120:Y=82:GOSUB 700:K=S

310 H=208 :V=36:DRAW"C0BM90, 130"+

N3$:GOSUB 600

320 IF INKE Y $ <> " 3 " THEN 310
330 X=130:Y=82:GOSUB 700:L=S
340 IF J=l THEN M=3 ELSE IF J=2
THEN M=5 ELSE IF J=3 THEN M=7 EL
SE IF J=4 THEN M=l ELSE IF J=5 T
HEN M=2 ELSE IF J=6 THEN M=4 ELS
E IF J=7 THEN M=6 ELSE IF J=8 TH
EN M=8

350 IF M=l THEN P=167 ELSE IF M=
2 THEN P=157 ELSE IF M=3 THEN P=
147 ELSE IF M=4 THEN P=137 ELSE
IF M=5 THEN P=127 ELSE IF M=6 TH
EN P=117 ELSE IF M=7 THEN P=107
ELSE IF M=8 THEN P=97
360 COLOR1,0: LINE (20, 122) -(100,1
32) ,PSET,BF

370 FOR T=l TO 200: NEXT :COLOR1,0
:LINE(182,152)-(206,178) ,PSET,BF
380 CIRCLE (187, 168) ,4,0: DRAW"C0B
M186 , 167R1BL2BD4NE2F1E2" : DRAW" BM
187,172D12NG7F7"

390 DRAW"BM187,177BL2NU5R4U5BL2B
U8U8L3U4R5D4L5": PAINT (187, 154) ,0

400 COLOR1,0:LINE(180,152)-(193,
178) ,PSET,BF

410 CIRCLE (187, 168) ,4,0: DRAW"C0B
M18 6 , 1 6 7R1 BL2 BD4 E 2 " : DRAW" BM1 8 7 , 1
72D12NG7F7"

420 DRAW"BM187 , 177NH8BU2H8BD1BF1
H8G2H3 E4 F3 G2 " : PAINT (171,160),0,0
430 COLOR1,0:LINE(166,152) -(193,
178) ,PSET,BF

440 CIRCLE (187, 168) , 4,0:DRAW"C0B

THE RAINBOW January 1989

M186 , 167R1BL2BD4E2" : DRAWBM187 , 1
72D12NG7F7"

45j3 DRAW M BM187,175NL10D2L10BR1BU
1L12ND2U2L5D4R5":PAINT(164,176) ,

46j3 LINE (125 ,177)- (125 , P) ,PSET
470 IF M<8 THEN 48^0 ELSE IF M=8
THEN 5pp

480 IF M<3 THEN SOUND80,2 ELSE I
F M>2 AND M<6 THEN SOUND150,2 EL
SE IF M>5 AND M<8 THEN SOUND220,
2

490 GOTO570

500 PAINT (125 ,92) ,0,0: DRAW"C0BM1

17,92R8BH6F6U8D8E6G6R8 11

510 DRAW H BM50, 120U4H3UF3RE3DG3D4

":DRAW"BM60,120H2U4E2R3F2D4G2L3U

HU4ER3FD4GL2 11 : DRAWBM70 , 112D6F2R
2E2U6LD6GL4HU6"

520 DRAW"BM4 8,140RNU8R3E2U4H2L4D
R2ND6R2 FD4GL4 11 : DRAW" BM6 1 , 140U8RD
8":DRAW"BM70,140RNU8R3E2U4H2L4DR
2ND6R2FD4GL4 "

530 DRAW" BM5 5 , 1 60U8RD8 " : DRAW" BM6

5,160U8NR4L3R4NR3D8"

540 PLAY" 04 ; V2 4 ; L8 ; C ; C ; 0 3 ; LI 6 ; A #

; A ; L4 ; A ; V2 4 ; L8 ; G # ; A ; L2 ; A"

550 COLOR1,0:LINE(117,84)-(133,9

6) ,PSET,BF: CIRCLE (125, 92) ,5,0

560 FOR TI=1 TO 1000 : NEXT : C0L0R1
,0:LINE (45, 110) -(78,162) ,PSET,BF
570 DRAW"C0BM35,130"+PP$+RR$+EE$
+SS$+SS$ : DRAW"C0BM20 , 150"+LT$+SS
$+PP$+AA$+CC$+EE$+BB$+AA$+RR$+GT
$ . .

580 I$=INKEY$:IF I$=CHR$(32) THE
N 590 ELSE 580
590 GOTO100.

600 DRAW"C0"+RI$+"C1"+RI$
610 DRAW"C0"+LR$+"C1"+LR$
620 DRAW"C0"+DO$+"C1"+DO$
630 DRAW"C0"+LL$+"C1"+LL$
640 DRAW"C0"+LE$+"C1»+LE$
650 DRAW"C0"+UL$+"C1"+UL$
660 DRAW"C0"+UP$+"C1"+UP$
670 DRAW"C0"+UR$+"C1"+UR$
680 RETURN

700 S=RND(8):0N S GOSUB710,720,7
30, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780: RETURN
710 DRAW" C0 "+RI $+X$+N3 $: RETURN
720 DRAW"C0"+DO$+X$+N5$
730 DRAW"C0"+LE$+X$+N7$
740 DRAW"C0"+UP$+X$+N1$
750 DRAW"C0"+UR$+X$+N2$
760 DRAW"C0"+LR$+X$+N4$
770 DRAW"C0"+LL$+X$+N6$
780 DRAW"C0"+UL$+X$+N8$
800 CLS

RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN

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January 1989 THE RAINBOW 89

1 F e atur e

The seventh in a series of tutorials
for the beginner to intermediate machine

language programmer

Machine Language Made BASIC:

Part VII: Around in Circles

By William P. Nee

The circle routine in ROM is cer-
tainly one of the most difficult to
understand and use. The routine
keeps alternating between its BASIC
check for syntax, format, etc., and short
subroutines required as set-up for the
main routine. Since the BASIC checks
would interfere with a machine lan-
guage program, we must bypass them
and implement the subroutine on our
own. The following locations are used
in the circle routine:

Location

$B5 color
** SCB/CC horizontal center of

circle (X)
**$CD/CE vertical center

of circle (Y)
** $CF/ DO radius
** $D 1 / D2 height to width ratio
** $D3/ D4 maximum horizontal

coordinate
** $D5/ D6 maximum vertical

coordinate
$D8 circle/ line flag I:

= circle, 0 = line
SD9/DA arc end

The locations marked with two aster-
isks (**) must be scaled for locations, or
dimensions, in any PMDDE other than

Bill Nee bucked the "snowbird" trend
by retiring to Wisconsin from a banking
career in Florida. He spends the long,
cold winters writing programs for his
Co Co.

PMDDE 4. The CIRCLE routine may be
executed from three different addresses,
depending on how much of the CIRCLE
command you use.

The first step is to load the maximum
coordinates into SD3/D4 and SD5/D6
by using the subroutine at Address
$9522. This routine not only loads the
correct numbers according to the
PMDDE, it also scales them. Next, enter
the coordinates of the circle's center.
This is usually done by loading Register
D with the X,Y locations (i.e., #$8060
would be the center of the screen), then
storing Register A in $0CC and Register
B in $CE. We must show Location $CC
as $0CC because EDTASM+ requires a
zero in front of any number that could
also be a register, such as A, B, CC, or
D.

These locations are scaled by loading
Stack U with tt$CB (start of X location)
followed by JSR $9320. Next, load
Register A (LDR) with the radius, and
store it in Location $D0. Scale it by
loading Stack U with tt$CF followed by
JSR $9320. Load Register B with the
desired color byte and store it in $B5.

The height-to-width subroutine at
S9EC9 converts the desired height/
width ratio to a two-byte number and
stores it in Location $D1/D2. The
following chart identifies the number to
be placed in Location $D1 /D2 for each
height-to-width ratio and possible
PMDDE screen. The numbers for PMDDE
3 and 2 are twice those of PMDDE 4, 1,
and 0.

Height-to-
Width Ratio

.9
L0
1.5
2.0
2.5

PMODE 4, 1
or 0

#$0019

#$0033

#$004C

#$0066

#$0080

#$0099

#$00 B3

#$00CC

#$00 EC

#$0100

#$0180

#$0200

#$0280

PMODE 3
or 2

#$0032

#$0066

#$0098

#$00CC

#$0 1 00

#$0132

#$0 1 66

#$0198

#$0 1 D8

#$0200

#$0300

#$0400

#$0500

If you want your program to run in
any PMDDE, include the subroutine,
which checks the PMODE and doubles the
height-to-width ratio when necessary:

LDX

«$ **

** use two-byte

number from chart

LDR

$B6

get PMODE

BITPI

BEQ

PMODE 4, 1,

or 0 mil 1 equal 0

TFR

X,D

height- to-width

ratio to Register D

LEAX

D,X

double it

5TX

$D1

Store the number J in Location $D8
to indicate that no lines should be
drawn. Try clearing this location in a
program and see what happens.

The arc subroutine at $9FED con-
verts an arc decimal to a two-byte
number stored in Location SD9/DA.

THE RAINBOW January 1989

JSR S9EC2 J5R S9EDF J5R $9EFD

SETMRXX,Y PLUS - PLUS -

SET CENTER/SCALE SET COLOR STORE "1" IN $DB
SET RADIUS/SCALE SET hkW RATIO SET ARC END

SET ARC START

Figure 1: Routines for Drawing Circles or Arcs

Many of these arcs and their two-byte
equivalents are in the following chart:

Arc in Degrees

Arc in

L \- 1 W 111

DppTppc

= #$0600

TT tJJ vJ \J \J \J

210 =

#$0205

225 =

#$0300

= #$0700

940 =

#$0309

= #$0702

270 =

#$0400

= #$0000

300 =

#$0405

120

= #$0005

315 =

#$0500

135

= #$0100

330 =

#$0502

150

= #$0102

360 =

#$0600

180

= #$0200

Load Register D with the desired arc
end two-byte equivalent, and store it in
Location $D9/DA. Then load Register
D with the arc-start two-byte equivalent
and JSR S9EFD. Be sure to save what-
ever is in registers A or B prior to
executing this routine if you will need
them again.

Listing 1 begins by drawing a circle
in the center of the screen. It continues
drawing circles — each two steps larger
than the previous one — until the radius
reaches 90. Instead of using the stand-
ard start-up assigned by the computer,
COLOR 3,0, this program uses COLOR
0,3, which sets a buff background and
draws black circles.

If the height-to-width ratio is 1 and
the routine draws a full circle with no
arcs, you can stop after scaling the
radius and JSR $9EC2. Again, be sure

Listing 1: CIRCLES

that you have already saved registers A
and B. This routine also checks Loca-
tion $C2 for a PSET or PRESET, stores
a T in Location $D8 (which indicates
that no lines will be drawn), and assigns
the foreground color to Location $B5.

If you want to specify a height-to-
width ratio other than 1, load that
ratio's two-byte equivalent into Register
X, the desired color into $B5, and then
load JSR S9EDF. Using this address, the
height-to-width ratio will automatically
be scaled (doubled) for PMODE 3 or 2.
The routine also checks Location $C2
for a PSET or PRESET and stores a T
in Location $D8.

Assigning arc starts and arc ends will
require that you use the height-to-width
ratio chart described earlier in this
article. Store the correct two-byte
height-to-width ratio (according to the
PMODE) in SD1/D2; store the two-byte
arc end in SD9/DA; load Register D
with the two-byte arc start, then with

JSR $9EFD.

More than one arc can be drawn by
repeating the arc portion of the pro-
gram as often as desired. Color changes
can be made by putting the desired color
into Location $B5 prior to executing the
routine. Listing 2 is a program that
draws different colored arcs of 60
degrees at increasing radii.

Since the first program is in PMODE 4,
I didn't need to scale any of the
numbers, but I did so to show how it
is done. It is good practice to always
scale since you may want to change the
PMODE later.

The routines for drawing circles or
arcs are found in Figure 1 .

Before assembling either program,
set Location $FF/ 100 to tt$2000 and
execute GC006. If you run the as-
sembled programs from BASIC, clear
enough memory by entering CLEAR
200, &H3000-1, and change the SWT in
Line 670 to RT5. □

00100

*$FF/100=#$2000

3000

00110

ORG

$3000

3000

00120

START LDB

PMODE 4

3002

9628

00130

JSR

$9628

3005

00140

LDB

PAGE 1

3007

9653

00150

JSR

$9653

300A

00160

CLR

$B2

CLEAR FOREGROUND

300C

00170

LDB

300E

00180

STB

$B3

BACKGROUND COLOR

3010

9542

00190

JSR

$9542

COLOR 0,3

3013

00200

LDB

GRAPHICS SCREEN

3015

95AA

00210

JSR

$95AA

3018

00220

LDB

COLOR SET 1

301A

9682

00230

JSR

$9682

301D

9522

00240

JSR

$9522

SET MAXIMUM X,Y AND SCALE THEM

3020

8060

00250

LDD

#$8060

CENTER OF THE CIRCLE(128 , 96)

3023

00260

STA

$0CC

X LOCATION

3025

00270

STB

$CE

Y LOCATION

3027

00CB

00280

LDU

#$CB

START OF X LOCATION

302A

9320

00290

JSR

$9320

SCALE X,Y

302D

00300

LDB

SIZE OF FIRST RADIUS

302F

00310

LOOP PSHS

SAVE RADIUS

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 91

3031

00320

STB

$D0

RADIUS LOCATION

3033

00CF

00330

LDU

#$CF

START OF RADIUS LOCATION

3036

9320

00340

JSR

$9320

SCALE RADIUS

3039

9EC2

00350 CIRCLE

JSR

$9EC2

CIRCLE(X,Y) ,R

303C

00360

PULS

GET THE RADIUS

303E

00370

ADDB

INCREASE IT

3040

00380

CMPB

#90

MAXIMUM RADIUS YET?

3042

00390

BLS

LOOP

3044

ADFB

00400 DONE

JSR

$ADFB

WAIT FOR INPUT

3047

00410

CLRB

TEXT SCREEN

3048

95AA

00420

JSR

$95AA

•

304B

00430

SWI

RTS IF IN BASIC

3000

00440

END

START

00000 TOTAL ERRORS

Listing 2: ARCS

00100

* $FF/100=#$2000

3000

00110

ORG

$3000

3000

00120

START

LDR

3002

•J V V

9628

00130

JSR

$9628

3005

00140

LDR

PAGF 1

x avj lit x

D U

7U J J

00150

£965^

7 Jti

00160

«J OJA.

y y JHZ.

PPT Q

man

jyiyiU

00170

L.JJD

J00F

D T"\
DU

Q R A A

y jAA

00180

TCD

y y 3AA

00190

LDB

COLOR SET 1

3014

9682

00200

JSR

$9682

3017

9522

00210

JSR

$9522

SET MAXIMUM X,Y AND SCALE THEM

301A

8060

00220

LDD

#$8060

CENTER OF CIRCLE(128 , 96)

301D

00230

STA

$0CC

X LOCATION

301F

00240

STB

$CE

Y LOCATION

3021

00CB

00250

LDU

#$CB

START OF X LOCATION

3024

9320

00260

JSR

$9320

SCALE X,Y

3027

00270

LDB

SIZE OF FIRST RADIUS

3029

00280

LOOP

PSHS

SAVE THE RADIUS

302B

00290

STB

$D0

RADIUS LOCATION

302D

00CF

00300

LDU

#$CF

START OF RADIUS LOCATION

3030

9320

00310

JSR

$9320

SCALE THE RADIUS

3033

0100

00320

LDX

#$0100

HEIGHT TO WIDTH RATIO = 1

3036

00330

LDA

$B6

PMODE

3038

00340

BITA

PMODE 4,1, OR 0 WILL = 0

303A

00350

BEQ

303C

00360

TFR

X,D

303E

00370

LEAX

D f X

ADD REGISTER D TO REGISTER X

3040

00380 NEXT

STX

$D1

HEIGHT TO WIDTH RATIO LOCATION

3042

0155

00390

LDD

#$0155

3045

00400

STA

$D8

NO LINES, JUST CIRCLES

3047

00410

STB

$B5

COLOR

3,049

0702

00420

LDD

#$0702

END OF ARC 1-60 DEGREES

304C

00430

STD

$D9

END OF ARC LOCATION

304E

0600

00440

LDD

#$0600

START OF ARC 1-0 DEGREES

THE RAINBOW January 1989

3051

9EFD

00450

JSR

$9EFD

DRAW THE ARC

3054

01AA

00460

LDD

#$01AA

3057

00470

STA

$D8

NO LINES

3059

00480

STB

$B5

COLOR

305B

0200

00490

LDD

#$0200

END OF ARC 2 - 180 DEGREES

305E

00500

STD

$D9

END OF ARC LOCATION

3060

0005

r r r

00510

LDD

#$0005

START OF ARC 2 - 120 DEGREES

3063

9EFD

00520

JSR

$9EFD

DRAW THE ARC

3066

01FF

00530

LDD

#$01FF

3069

00540

STA

$D8

NO LINES

306B

00550

STB

$B5

COLOR

306D

0405

00560

LDD

#$0405

END OF ARC 3 - 300 DEGREES

3070

00570

STD

§D9

START OF ARC LOCATION

3072

0302

00580

LDD

#$0302

START OF ARC 3-240 DEGREES

3075

9EFD

00590

JSR

$9EFD

DRAW THE ARC

3078

00600

PULS

GET THE RADIUS

307A

02-

00610

ADDB

INCREASE IT

307 C

00620

CMPB

#90

MAXIMUM RADIUS YET?

307E

00630

BLS

LOOP

3080

ADFB

00640 DONE

JSR

$ADFB

WAIT FOR INPUT

3083

00650

CLRB

TEXT SCREEN

3084

95AA

00660

JSR

$95AA

3087

00670

SWI

RTS IF IN BASIC

3000

00680

END

START

00000 TOTAL ERRORS

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DEF MOV (THE RAINBOW, 1/87)

50,566 ★Frankie DiGiovanni, Olney, MD
43,806 Domingo Martinez, Miami, FL
35.331 David Schaller, Clarkston, WA
31,673 Douglas Bacon, Middletown, CT
30.753 Pasha Irshad. Silver Spring, MD
DEMOLITION DERBY (Radio Shack)

100.500 ★Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY
DEMON ATTACK (Imagic)

279,435 *Jon Hobson, Plainfield, Wl
202,260 Tom Briggs, Hillsdale, NY
89,285 Upton Thomas, Arnold, MD
72,410 Glenn Hodgson, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland

67,760 Jim Davis, Sandwich, IL
DESERT PATROL (Arcade Animation)

234,300 ★Steven Turcotte, Matane, Quebec
DESERT RIDER (Radio Shack)

80,703
65,351
64,789
63,014

62,702

DEVIL ASSAULT ( Tom Mix)

★Thomas Payton, Anderson, SC
Jason Hackley, Clinton, CT
Roby Janssen, Clear Lake, lA
Rebecca Henderson, Ballston Spa,
NY

William Currie, Bryans Road, MD

688,960
217,500
70,180
57,120

52,180
36,650
34,950
33,710
31.840

★Faye Keeter, Augusta, GA
Frankie DiGiovanni, Olney, MD
Charles Andrews, Delta Jet, AK
Sylvie Smith, Courtenay, British

Columbia
Jesse Cogdell, Willmington, DE
Melody Webb, Lakeport, CA
Eric Mellon, Newark, DE
Timm Cappell, Freeland, Ml
Janine Christopher, Pittsburg, PA

1,866,100
623,550

75,000
40,800

COLOR BASEBALL (Radio Shack)

596-0 ★•Frank C. D'Amato, Brooklyn, NY
595-0 •Tom Cherubino, Brooklyn, NY
387-0 •Joel Stocksdale, Racine, Wl
276-0 •Kevin Wannemacher, Payne, OH
238-0 •John Valentine, Marlborough, CT
172-0 «Ryan Murray, Herrin, IL
149-0 «John Breckel, Wilmington, OH
137-0 •Scott Galvao, Tiverton, Rl
137-0 •Jennifer Johnson, Meriden, CT
130-0 ©Matthew Snider, Pinehurst. TX
130-2 Greg Alien, Atwater, CA

COLOR CAR (NOVASOFT)

343,075 ★Duncan Cameron, Chippewa Falls,
Wl

316,550 Alan Martin, Cornwall, Ontario
113,970 Chad Blick. Irwin. PA
1 10,870 Martin Parada, Arcadia, CA
COLOR POKER (THE RAINBOW, 4/83)
60,150,600 ★Earl Foster, Lynchburg, VA

★Stephane Martei, Laval, Quebec
Dale Krueger, Maple Ridge,

British Columbia
Blake Cadmus, Reading, PA
Benoit Landry, Drummondvilte,
Quebec
DONPAN (Radio Shack)

53,100 ★Jim Davis, Sandwich, IL
52,600 Eric Olson, Wheaton, IL
DOWNLAND (Radio Shack)

125,450 *Pat Norris, O'Fallon, MO
99,982 Eric Mellon, Newark, DE
99,980 Danny Wimett, Rome, NY
98,985 Karl Guiliford, Summerville, SC
97,740 Stephane Deshaies. Beloeil, Quebec
DRACONIAN (Tom Mix)

114,470 ★Donna Ashby, Annandale, VA
DRAGON FIRE (Radio Shack)

160,835 ★Eric Olson, Wheaton, IL
146,325 Stephane Martei, Laval. Quebec
14,856 Jesse Cogdell, Wilmington, DE
1 1 ,726 Marcos Rodriguez, New York, NY
9,861 Michael Adams, Columbia, SC
ENCHANTER (Iniocom)

400/223 ★Konnie Grant, Toledo, OH
ESCAPE 2012 (Computerwara)

202 *Roy Grant, Toledo, OH
199 Milan Parekh, Anaheim, CA
FIRESTORM (THE RAINBOW, 1/86)

22,505 ★Chad Presley, Luseland,

Saskatchewan
1 1 ,250 Stephane Martei, Laval, Quebec
5,680 Kathy Rumpel, Arcadia, Wl

FIRESTORM (continued)

3,760 Rick Beevers, Bloomfield, MN
3,505 Blake Cadmus, Reading, PA
GALACTIC ATTACK (Radio Shack)

31 ,100 ★Upton Thomas, Arnold, MD
29,030 David Czarnecki, Northhampton, MA
26,370 Jeff Remick, Warren, Ml
22,250 Dave Staub, Moundsville, WV
11,830 Sheldon Penney, Green Bay,
Newfoundland
GALAGON (Spectral Associates)

751,020 ★Sofia Giorgi, Brasilia, Brazil
357,890 Jason Clough. Houston, TX
328,820 Bernard Burke. Lee's Summit. MO
249,960 Matthew Fumich, Munford, TN
169,410 Danny Dunne, Pittsfield, NH
GANTELET (Diecom Products)
45,235,820 *Ken Hubbard, Madison, Wl
23,643,720 Geran Stalker, Rivordalo, GA
20,921 ,490 Randall Edwards, Duntap, KS
10,222,940 Clinton Morell, Sacramento, CA
7.493,340 Stirling Dell, Dundalk, Ontario
GANTELET If (Diecom Products)
17,701,060 ★Bryan Bell. Manassas. VA
GATES (THE RAINBOW, 8/86)

600 ★Brian Matherne, Gretna, LA
GHANA BWANA (Radio Shack)
2,350,750 ★Michael Heitz. Chicago, IL
702,520 Joseph Delaney. Augusta, GA
282.070 Kelly Jones, West Salem, OH
174,410 Caraann Jentzsch, Dufur, OR
105,820 David Reash, Hadley. PA
GIN CHAMPION (Radio Shack)

1 ,602-0 ★•Jimmy Garner, Ft. Worth, TX
1,120-0 •Kim Johns, Port Cog., British
Columbia
GOLD RUNNER (NOVASOFT)

2,031,800 *Gary Grant, Exeter, Ontario
GRANDPRIX CHALLENGE (Diecom Products)

67,710 *H. Dingweli, Litchfield, CT
GROBOT (Children's Computer Workshop) .
9,665 *Wendy Staub. Moundsville, WV
8,090 Curt Lebel, Louisville, KY
HELICOPTER HERO (THE RAINBOW, 3/88)

103 ★Phil Holsten. Moraga, CA
HITCHHIKER'S GUIDE TO THE GALAXY (Infocom)
400/359 *Roy Grant, Toledo, OH
400/422 Jeff Holtham, Waterloo, Ontario
400/510 Brad Wilson, Lithia Springs, GA
INTERBANK INCIDENT (Radio Shack)

4,861 *Shara and Chris Euton, Lilburn, GA
IRON FOREST (Diecom Products)
3,631.600 ★Douglas Paulson, Richfield, ID
3.173,200 Charles Boyd, Amarilio, TX
2.676,300 Janet Boyd, Amarilio, TX
1,335,500 Jack Faircloth. Nashville, TN
1,141,650 Craig Pennell, Amarilio, TX
790,850 Scott Godfrey, Nashua, NH
JOKER POKER (THE RAINBOW. 3/87)
62,067,906 ★Carole Rueckert, Mansfield, OH
21,733,284 Jon Fogarty, Yale, Ml
8,179,710 Brenda Kim, Athens, OH
3,796,898 Curtis Trammel, Murphysboro, IL
2,793,285 Blain Jamteson, Kingston, Ontario
JUNIOR'S REVENGE (Computerware)
2,503,000 ★Stephane Martei. Laval, Quebec
257,600 Keith Cohen, Rocky Mount, NC
JUNKFOOD (THE RAINBOW. 11/84)

535,760 ★Charlie Ginn, Augusta, GA
18,990 Joel Klein, Indianapolis, IN
KING PEDE (T & D Software)

83,855 *Mike Snyder, Allen, OK

THE RAINBOW

January 1989

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

KNOCK OUT (Diecom Products)

472,995 ★Frank D'Amato, Brooklyn, NY
183,675 Rush Caiey, Port Orchard, WA
162,555 Martin Parada, Arcadia, CA
147,235 Mike LeBrun, Cornwall, Ontario
KORONIS RIFT (Epyx)

186,710 *Tony Harbin, Cullman, AL
184,180 Russell Johnson, Sarnia, Ontario
184,120 John Farrar, Lebanon, TN
174,810 Donald Cathcart, Halifax, Nova Scotia
133.990 Paul Blessing, Spring, TX
KUNG-FU DUDE (Sundog Systems)

32,000 ★Tony Geitgey, University Park, PA
14,305 David Schulze, San Antonio, TX
12,150 Cody Deegan, Fallon, NV
THE LAIR (Freebooter Software)

112,940 ★James Walton, Pittsburgh, PA
LANDER (T&D Software)

780 ★Ari Enkin, Neapen, Ontario
LASER SURGEON: THE MICROSCOPIC
MISSION (Activision)

42,767 ★Joe Stanley, Harrisburg, IL
LUNAR-ROVER PATROL (Spectral Associates)
45,700 ★Kameron Pence, Little Rock, AR
37.890 Dave Staub, Moundsville, WV
30,000 Vincent Tremblay, Matane, Quebec
MARBLE MAZE (Diecom Products)

353,220 ★David Boland, Dubuque. IA
1 7,530 Dave Staub, Moundsville, WV
A MAZING WORLD OF MALCOLM MORTAR (Radio Shack)
6,125 ★Stephen McJohnathan, Keymar, MD
5,030 Jeanne Henning, Quincy, IL
MEMOCARDS {THE RAINBOW, 8/87)

3,120 ★Lise Gagne, St-David, Quebec
1,596 Brian Willwerth, Hingham, MA
1,470 Jan Walotklewicz, Two Rivers, Wl
1,418 Edward Kavanaugh, North Easton,
MA

1,414 Sara Mittelstaedt, Kiel, Wl
MINIGOLF (THE RAINBOW, 5/86)

29 ★John Guptill, Columbia, MO
43 Brian Matherne, Greta, LA
MISSION: F-16 ASSAULT (Diecom Products)
468,750 ★Karen Jessen, Cleveland, OH
355,570 Stirling Dell, Dundalk. Ontario
318,160 Jeremy Pruski. Sandwich, IL
144,510 Donald Cathcart, Halifax, Nova Scotia
137,920 Mike Grant, Fresno, CA
MISSION: RUSH'N ASSAULT (Diecom Products)
361 .750 *Clay Jones, Wooster, OH
195.250 Kelly Jones, West Salem, OH
MONSTER MAZE (Radio Shack)

12,950 ★Paul DeVita, ValSejo, CA
MOON SHUTTLE (Datasoft)

16,220 ★Christopher Cromwell, Monur
CO

ONE-ON-ONE (Radio Shack)

PYRAMID (continued)

100 Peter Amonacopoulos, Toa Baja,
Puerto Rico
PYRAMIX f Color Venture)

68,550 *Andy Freeman, Turtle Lake, Wl
67,850 Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY
56,970 Andy Freeman, Turtle Lake, Wl
37,500 Matthew Smith, Courtenay. British
Columbia

26,900 Todd Kopke, Glendale Heights, IL
QUIX (Tom Mix)
8,407,772 ★John Haldane, Tempe, AZ
1,404,000 Curtis Goodson, Sao Paulo, Brazil
1,201,383 Milan Parekh, Anaheim, CA
1,003,104 Elisa Goodson, Sao Paulo, Brazil
326,192 Martin Parada. Arcadia, CA
RADIO BALL (Radio Shack)
1 ,780,870 ★Jocelyn Gagne, St-David, Quebec
1 ,761 ,030 Eric Mellon, Newark, DE
1 ,666,670 Lise Gagne, St-David, Qeubec
1,116,050 Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY
1,062,190 Eric Mellon, Newark, DE
996,750 Steve Slaven, Yakima, WA
800,1 50 Mike Snyder, Allen, OK
760,380 Jake Runge, Franklin, OH
612,800 Jesse Cogdell. Wilmington, DE
RED ALERT (Ark Royal)
Ensign-
Class 4 ★Richard Kelton, Newport News, VA
RESCUE ON FRACTALUS (Epyx)

1,000,948 ★Steven Ujvary, Calgary, Alberta
323,167 Kenneth Hill, Severna Park, MD
292.633 David Richards, Huntington, WV
288,084 Donald Cathcart, Halifax, Nova Scotia
270,000 Russell Johnson, Sarnia, Ontario
RETURN OF JUNIOR'S REVENGE (Cotorware)
1,792,800 ★Chad Presley, Luseland,
Saskatchewan

ROGUE (Epyx)

71,833 *Jon Fogarty, Yale, Ml
65,529 Joseph H. Campbell, Norfolk, VA ?
63,934 Marshall Weisenburger, Quincy, iL
43,222 Hans Lutenegger, Madison, IA
27,542 Melanie Lapoint, Fitchburg, MA

RUSH'N ASSAULT (Diecom)

28,600 ★David Morrison, Jr.; Brewer, ME

SAILOR MAN (Tom Mix)

427,700 *Marnie Schajm, Edson, Alberta,
231 ,900 Jessica Wilkins. Seymour, TN
231,700 Luis Camino, Lima, Peru
SANDS OF EGYPT (Radio Shack)

SPEED RACER (continued)

94,430 Christopher Cromwell, Monument,
CO

SPEEDSTER (THE RAINBOW 8/87)

21 1 ,300 ★Paul Robbins, Picayune, MS
117,080 Bill Millington, Meriden, CT
103.140 Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY
88,090 Jason Landreth, Texico, IL
60,430 Jennifer Johnson, Meriden, CT
44,540 Kevin Pereira, Corsicana, TX
15,770 Jesse Cogdell. Wilmington, DE
SPIDERCIDE (Radio Shack)

27,730 ★Mike LeBrun, Cornwall, Ontario
3,460 David Morrison, Brewer, ME
2,500 Wendy Staub, Moundsville, WV
1 ,840 Dave Staub, Moundsville, WV
1 ,650 Philip Salathe, South Sutton, NH
SPRINGSTER (Radio Shack)

303,520 ★Mavis Hartmann, Osoyoos, British
Columbia

200,670 Denise Root, Thorndale, PA
STAR BLAZE (Radio Shack)

6,550 ★Flint Weller, Swarthmore, PA
STRATA (THE RAINBOW, 5/88)

2,888 ★Paul Robbins, Picayune, MS
2,768 H. Dingwell, Litchfield, CT
TEMPLE OF ROM (Radio Shack)

604,000 *Troy Graham, Arnold, MD
507,700 Adam Broughton, Morris, PA
303,600 Tim Hennon, Highland, IN
138,400 Gary Budzak, Westerville, OH

125.200 Michelle Murray, Salem, IN

119.201 Jeffrey Ryan Horstman, Ospray, FL
THEXDER (Sierra On-Line)

2,033,000 ★Frankie DiGiovanni, Olney, MD
1,823,900 Tom Gauwitz, Roanoke, IL
1,411,700 Steve Hallin, Biioxi, MS
531,400 David Morrison, Jr., Brewer, ME
312,300 Timothy DeJong, Rock Valley, IA
TIME BANDIT (MichTron)

76,030 ★Brent Morgan, Centerville, OH
59,020 Stephanie Morgan, Centerville, OH
TREKBOER (Mark Data)

123 *Roy Grant. Toledo, OH
132 Matthew Fumich, Munford, TN
TRIG ATTACK (Sugar Software) ^
196,000 ★Cassaundra Stewart, Sacramento, CA^^
TUT'S TOMB (THE RAINBOW, 7/88)

53,280 ★William Currie, Bryans Road, MD
VARLOC (Radio Shack)

67
82
85
86
87

1,310-0
1,302-0
1,276-0
1,260-0
1 ,242-0

★•Jon Breckel, Wilmington, OH .
•Thomas Payton, Anderson, SC
•Jonathan Dorris, Indianapolis, IN
•Brandon Reece, Chickamauga, GA
•William Currie, Bryans Road. MD
OUTHOUSE (MichTron)

59,641 ★Sam Zehel, Coal Center, PA
3B.640 Dave Staub, Moundsville, WV
PAC PANIC (CouparJ

34,950 ★Heather Hamblen, Bar Harbor, ME
PITFALL II (Activision)

197,048 ★Keith Catrett. Montgomery, AL
164,088 John Akan, Chippewa Falls, Wl
159,400 David Cornette, Green Bay, Wl
104,479 David Stewart, Kent, OH
POLTERGEIST (Radio Shack)

3,300 *Jon Breckel, Wilmington, OH
POOYAN (Datasoft)

★Tristan Terkuc, Richmond, Ontario
Edward Rocha, Cobleskill, NY
Paul Summers, Orange Park, FL
Roy Grant, Toledo, OH
Neil Haupt, Elyria, OH
SAUCER DEFENSE (THE RAINBOW, 4/87)

40,000 ★David Hartmann, Osoyoos, British
Columbia

4,000 Frankie DiGiovanni, Olney, MD

SHAMUS (Radio Shack)

30,515 ★Scott Galvao, Tiverton, Rl
29,850 Doug Burns, Moscow, OH
28,150 Greg Allen, Atwater, CA
25,450 John Garness, Newell, SD

SHOOTING GALLERY (Radio Shack)

27,270 ★Jocelyn Hellyer, Montgomery, IL
25,510 Donald Knudson, Minot, ND
20,480 Kevin Pereira, Corsicana. TX

SHOOT'N RANGE (THE RAINBOW, 8/87)

★ Frank D'Amato. Brooklyn, NY
Tony Harbin, Cullman, AL
Edward Rocha, Cobleskill, NY
Ryan Grady, Newbury Park, CA
Antonio Souza III, North Dartmouth,
MA

VICIOUS VIC (THE RAINBOW, 7/86)

2,502
2,032
2,032
2,013
2,011

18,813
15,063
14,613
11,902
10,489

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

566,850
373,900

236,650
111,600

★Lois Crowson, East Alton, IL
Duncan Cameron, Chippewa Fails,
Wl

Jeff Mrochuk, Edmonton, Alberta
William Cathey, Kings Mtn., NC
PROSPECTOR (THE RAINBOW, 12/88)
15,150 *Cray Augsburg
4.050 Jutta Kapfhammer
3,550 Lauren Willoughby
PYRAMID (Radio Shack)

220 ★ Jason Ebbeling, Berkshire, MA
PYRAMID 2000 (Radio Shack)

220 ★Darren King, Yorkton, Saskatchewan
220 *Mike Snyder, Allen, OK
125 Chris VanOosbree, Emmetsburg. IA

55,623
14,702
13,794
6,082
5,433

if" '

■Xci :

2 X:.

★Paul Robbins, Picayune. MS
Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY
Phillip Holsten, Modesto, CA
David Morrison, Brewer, ME
Benoit Landry, DrummondviUe,
Quebec

SLAY THE NERIUS (Radio Shack)

73,091 ★Jeff Remick, Warren, Ml
SNEAKY SNAKE (THE RAINBOW, 8/87)

63 ★Matthew Smith, Courtenay, British
Columbia

SPACE INVADERS (Spectral Associates)

3,920 *Ari Enkin. Neapen, Ontario
SPACE ASSAULT (Radio Shack)

13,110 ★Jeff Remick, Warren, Ml
7,280 Jason Kopp. Downs, IL
6,200 John Weaver, Amsterdam, NY
SPEED RACER (MichTron)

95,640 ★David Morrison, Brewer, ME

★Talib Khan, Bronx, NY
John Conley, Everett, WA
Carolyn de Lambert, Everett, WA
Martha James, Swarthmore, PA
Karl Guitiford, Summerville, SC
WILD WEST (Tom Mix)

35 ★Paul Summers, Orange Park, FL
WISHBRINGER (7rtfocom,l

400/201 ★Brad Wilson, Lithra Springs, GA
WIZARD'S DEN ( Tom Mix)

593,950 ★Richard Winkelbauer, Bronx, NY
425,350 Leif Smedberg, Columbia City, IN
195,050 Mark Touchette, Preston, CT
WRESTLE MANIAC (Diecom)

956,971 *Marc Reiter, Cincinnati, OH
546,315 Louis Bouchard, Gatineau, Quebec
45,483 Tony Bacon, Mt. Vernon, IN
42,105 David Brown, New Waterford, Nova
Scotia

Doug Burns, Moscow, OH
ZONERUNNER (Radio Shack)

5,918 ★Sam Zehel, Coal Center, PA
ZONX (THE RAINBOW, 10/85)

12,000 ★Adam Broughton, Morris, PA
ZORK l(lnfocom)

41,125

350/328
350/587

★ Konnie Grant, Toledo, OH
Matthew Yarrows, Easthampton, MA

— Sue Evans

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 95

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★^

SCOREBOARD POINTERS

In conjunction with the rainbow's Scoreboard, we offer this column
of pointers for our game-playing readers' benefit. If you have some
interesting hints, tips or responses to questions, or want help yourself,
we encourage you to write to the Scoreboard, c/o the rainbow.

In response to questions from:

• Ted Klug: In Sands of Egypt, go east
three times from the dead snake to get the
canteen. Go down from the top of the
cliff, south and dig for the magnifier. Use
the objects in the upper right corner to
"climb" out of the pool.

• Joan Laansoo: In Sands of Egypt, go
south twice from the top of the cliff and
dig to find the torch.

Phil Holsten
Moraga, CA

• Jamin Dorward; In Vortex Factor, to
start the time machine get the lime from
the back room and cut it with the saw.
Squeeze lime into the vile, pour the vile
into the battery, place the cartridge and
press the button.

How do you light up the caverns in the
Cairo Moon (while travelling with the
cartridge)?

In Major Istar how do you move the
boulder from the undersea caverns. How
do you make the vaccine and how many
ingredients do you need?

Eurik Perez
New: York, NY

• John Riddle: In Robot Odyssey, to
rewire the robots use the subway token
detector.

I'm. on the last level at the sonic rock,
but how can I get past it?

Kelly Jones
West Salem, OH

• Jim Forster: In the Interbank Incident,
the back rooms of the Louvre and the
Seattle museum can be opened using the
smaller key to reveal security stations.

What do you do after finding the code
book? What are the transmitter and rod
used for? How do you get through the
wall panel on the boat? (There is a slot
for something there, but I don't know
what.) And how do you get on the army
base?

Eric Stork
Staten Island, NY

Bedlam

Scoreboard:

In Bedlam, how do you get past the
dog and how do you get the green key

from the shock room? After opening the
secret door, how do you go through it?

To get the red key out of the cabinet,
use the hook from the maintenance
room.

Alan Lindabery
Thorndale, PA

Dungeons of Daggorath

In Dungeons of Daggorath, the re-
sponse time on Level 2 is very slow and
I get killed before my commands are even
executed. Is there anything I can do to
stop this? How do I kill the knights and
the stone giants without the ring? I have
attacked over 20 times with the iron
sword with no success.

Alan Lindabery
Thorndale, PA

Scoreboard:

In Dungeons of Daggorath, I came
across a knight, with a shield on Level 3.
What does the knight carry and what is
the best way to kill him?

Kevin Pereira
Corsicana, TX

Scoreboard:

In Dungeons of Daggorath, to kill the
wizard on the sixth level, you have to get
the mirthil shield and elvish sword. Then
get the wizard in a hallaway and hit him
with the shield four times. Type M and run
away. Keep hitting and running for about
20 minutes. Then get away from him and
rest. When he comes back attack him
with the joule ring (incant energy). Move
away and rest, then attack with your ring
again. If he does not die, run away and
rest until he comes back and fire again
with the energy ring.

To incant the supreme ring, type IN-
CRNT FINRL

Robbie Davis
Nackawic, N.B.

Gates of Delirium

Scoreboard:

In Gates of Delirium, how do you get
your man's strength, dexterity, intelli-
gence and wisdom up? Where are the
people that will join you?

Jonathan Wanagel
Freeville, NY

Interbank Incident

Scoreboard:

Here are some hints for the Interbank
Incident. The bartender on the train in
Paris has the key to the train's baggage
room door and to the Louvre security
room door. In examining the far right
side of the living quarters' roof, I saw a
roof entry way. When in the baggage car,
examine the mailbag.

Does anyone know how to reach the
roof entry way in the living quarters in
Seattle? How do you enter the storage
rooms in the Eiffel Tower or the Space
Needle? How do you enter the submarine
and the jet fighter in Munich?

Frankie DiGiovanni
Olney, MD

Kung-Fu Dude

Scorecard:

In Kung-Fu Dude, when you get to the
Dark Temple and reach the first gunman,
don't attack him after he fires all four
bullets. He'll just keep firing if you do.

The barrels are tough. I don't know if
there's any special technique of getting
over all the barrels unscathed, but if
anybody knows, please let me know.

Cody Deegan
Fallon, NV

Lansford Mansion

Scoreboard:

In Lansford Mansion, how do you get
rid of the guard for good? Where are the
treasures?

Jason Andrew
Madison, WI

To respond to other readers' inquiries
and requests for assistance, reply to
"Scoreboard Pointers," c/o THE RAIN-
BOW, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059.
We will share your reply with all "Score-
board" readers in an upcoming issue.

For greater convenience, "Scoreboard
Pointers" and requests for assistance may
also be sent to us through the MAIL
section of our Delphi CoCo SIG. From the.
CoCo SIG> prompt, pick MAIL, then
type SEND and address to: EDITORS. Be
sure to include your complete name and
address.

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★^

THE RAINBOW January 1989

Ml
) 1 1
I II

ffir. $rebU f 0 programs

For Color Computer Software
Since 1983

1 1 *
1 1 1
1 1 1

Pyramix

This fascinating CoCo 3 game
continues to be one of our best
sellers. Pyramix is
machine language written
exclusively to take
advantage of all the
power in your
128K CoCo 3. The
Colors are bril-
liant, the graphics
sharp, the action fast. Written by
Jordon Tsvetkoff and a product of
ColorVenture.

The Freedom Series
Yocal Freedom

I've got to admit, this is one nifty
computer program, Yocal Free-
dom turns your computer into a
digital voice recorder. The
optional Hacker's Pac lets you
incorporate voices or sounds that
you record into your own
BASIC or ML programs.
This is not
a synthe-
sizer. Sounds
are digi-
tized dir-
ectly into computer memory
so that voices or sound effects
sound very natural,
"off - 1 he - s hel f " a p pi i cati o n
Vocal Freedom is an automatic
message minder. Record a message
for your family into memory. Set
Vocal Freedom on automatic. When
Vocal Freedom "hears" any noise in
the room, it plays the pre-
recorded message! Disk operations
are supported. VF also tests
memory to take advantage of from
64K up to a full StZK
Requires low cost
amplifier (RS cat.
*277-1008) and
any microphone.

Mental
Freedom

Would your friends be
impressed if your

One
for

computer could read their
minds? Mental Freedom

uses the techniques of
Biofeedback to control video
game action on the
screen. Telekinesis?
Yes, you control the
action with your
thoughts and emotions.
And, oh yes, it talks in a perfectly
natural voice without using a
speech synthesizer! Requires
Radio Shack's low cost Biofeedback
monitor, Cat. # 63-675.

BASIC Freedom

Do you ever type in BASIC
programs, manually? If you do,
you know it can be a real chore.
Basic Freedom changes all that.
It gives you a full screen editor
just like a word processor, but for
BASIC programs. Once loaded in, it
is always on-line. It hides
nvisibly until you call it
forth with a single
keypress! This program
is a must for

progra
mers or
anyone
who types
in

programs. By Chris Babcock and a
product of ColorVenture.

Lightning Series

These three utilities give real
power to your CoCo 3.

Ramdisk Lightning

This is the best Ramdisk available.
It lets you have up to 4 mechanical
disk drives and 2 Ram drives
- on-line and is fully
I ^compatible with our printer

spooler below

Printer
Lightning

\Load it and forget
it- -except for the
* versatility it gives you.
Never wait for your printer again!

Printer runs at high speed while
you continue to work at the
keyboard!

Backup Lightning

This utility requires 51 2K. Reads
your master disk once and then
makes superfast multiple disk
backups on all your dirves! No
need to format blank disks
first! Supports 35, 40
or 80 track drives.

COCO Braille

Produce standard grade 2 Braille

on a Brother daisy wheel printer.

Easy to use ■ ■ .

for sighted ■ ■ ■ ■
■ ■ ■ ■

or blind user. No knowledge of

Braille is necessary. Call for free

sample.

Prices

CoCo 3 only

Ram Disk Lightning, Disk $19.95

Printer Lightning Disk....... :....$ 19.95

Backup Lightning, Disk $19.95

All three, Disk $49.95

Pyramix, Disk $24.95

CoCo 1,2, or 3

Vocal Freedom, Disk $34.95

Vocal Freedom Hackers Pac. ...$14.95
COCO Braille $69-95

CoCo 2 or 3 only

Mental Freedom, Disk $24.95

Basic Freedom, Disk $24.95

CoCo 1 or 2 only

VDOS, The Undisk, ramdisk for the

CoCo 1 or 2 only, Tape $24.95

VDUMP, backup Undisk files to single

tape file, Tape $14.95

VPRINT, Print Undisk directory,
Tape : $9.95

Add $2.50 shipping/handling

in USA or CANADA

Add $5 00 to ship to other

countries

Dr. Preble's Progrems
6540 Outer Loop

Louisville, KY 40228
24 Hour Hot Line
(502) 969-1 81 S

Visa, MC, COD, Check

CoCo Con s u l tat i ons

CONSULTATIONS

Joystick Repairs

My joystick plug fell apart. I need to
know what wire goes to what so I can
solder on a new plug.

Brian Ma If ant
Largo, FL

If you plan to do your own CoCo
hardware repairs, it is essential that you
own a copy of the Tandy Service Man-
ual for your computer. It will give you
all the information necessary to com-
plete such repairs. It is available
through any Radio Shack, from Na-
tional Parts.

To replace your joystick, look at the
solder lugs on the plug for your CoCo
3 joystick. (See Figure 1.) The pin
assignments are as follows:

Pin 1

X axis potentiometer

wiper

Pin 2

Y axis potentiometer

wiper

Pin 3

ground

Pin 4

fire button number 1

Pin 5

+ 5 volts

Pin 6

fire button number 2

Figure Is CoCo 3 Joystick Plug

(Note that one side of each of the
joystick's two potentiometers is con-
nected to ground and the other side of
each is hooked to +5 volts.)

Connector Alterations

How can I hook a CM-8 RGB monitor
to an Amiga 500?

Danny Hale

(DANNYHALE)

Joplin, MO

Martin H. Goodman, M.D., a physi-
cian trained in anesthesiology, is a
longtime electronics tinkerer and out-
spoken commentator — sort of the
Howard Cose 1 1 of the CoCo world. On
Delphi, Marty is the SIGop of rain-
bow's CoCo S1G and database man-
ager of OS-9 Online.

98 THE RAINBOW January 1989

By Marty Goodman

Rainbow Contributing Editor

To do this, convert the down-going
(negative) sync pulses from the Amiga
into the up-going (positive) sync pulses
needed by the CM-8. The rest is just
cable hook-up. Look at your reference
on the Amiga Video connector. An
Amiga video cable requires a DB-23
female connector for its video output.
DB-23s are hard to come by, but you
can make one by sawing off a little piece
of a standard DB-25 female connector.
Pins 3,4 and 5 on that connector are
R,G and B respectively. Hook those to
the R,G and B lines on the CM-8 mon-
itor (pins 3,4 and 5 of the CM-8's 10-
pin connector). Pins 13, 16, 17, 18, 19
and 20 of the Amiga connector are
ground. Connect them to pins 1 and 2
of the CM-8's connector.

You need a 74LS04 chip. Hook its +5-
volt pin (Pin 14 on the chip, also called
Vcc) to the +5-volt line on the Amiga
(Pin 23). Hook up that chip's ground
pin (Pin 7) to the Amiga's ground pins.
Solder a .1-mfd capacitor between pins

7 and 14 of the 74LS04 chip. Now run
the Amiga's H and V sync lines (pins 1 1
and 12 on the Amiga video connector)
into each of two inputs for the chip's
inverter gates. Hook Pin 11 of the
Amiga to Pin 1 of the LS04 chip and
Pin J 2 of the Amiga to Pin 3 of the LS04
chip. Then take the inverted outputs of
those gates and feed them into the CM-
8's H and V sync input connection (pins

8 and 9, respectively, on the CM-8
connector).

Modifying Inputs

Can I use my CM-8 monitor with a
Tandy 1400 portable computer? Tandy
says it cannot be done.

George E. Leonhard
Woodstock, GA

The Tandy 1400 portable computer
does have an RGB video output. Unfor-
tunately, that output only provides an
RGB digital signal. The CM-8 is de-
signed to accept only an RGB analog
signal. So the CM-8 and the 1400 really
are not compatible.

To some extent, you can fake it by
making a cable that feeds the R,G and
B signals from the T1400 into the R,G
and B inputs on the CM-8. Next, hook
up H and V sync and ground, and
ignore the T line from the T1400. This
should result in a reasonable image on
the CM-8. Please note that you will get
only eight colors (including black and
white), rather than the 16 normally
available with IBM-type RGB I CGA
signals.

Although you may get readable text,
you will be over-driving the R, G and
B inputs on the CM-8 and could injure
that monitor's circuitry. Remember that
the .51-dot pitch of the CM-8 is, at best,
marginal for 80-column text displays.
Refer to your CM-8, CoCo 3, and
T1400 manuals for the exact pin outs of
the CM-8 and TJ400 RGB I video
connectors.

Tandy OS-9 Games Patch

Marty, using the tip you gave me on
Delphi, I wrote a simple patch program
that will allow Trivia Fever and all other
Tandy game programs that boot up
under OS-9 Level 1 Version 1.1 to be
played on the CoCo 3. As you pointed
out, the fix does cause a crash or cold
start if you press the reset button instead
of rebooting. However, this is not a
problem in actually running the game.
Owners of Trivia Fever and other OS-

9 Level I Version 1.1 games who wish
to run them on their CoCo 3 should
complete the following steps. First, type
in the following five-line BASIC pro-
gram, and save it to disk as TRIV- ]
FIX.BflS: j

10 D/<$I$0,34,1,UH$,LH$

20 MID$(UH$,74,1)=CHR$(239) j
30 MID$(UH$,B5,1)=CHR$(239) \
Aid DSKO$0,34,1,UH$,LH$

50 END

Put that disk aside. Now, make a
backup of the game disk that you want
to fix* For games that have more than
one disk, use the disk that you use to
boot the game (the one that you nor-
mally insert in Drive 0 before typing
DOS in order to start the game). Next,
load Trivia Fix into memory, and put
the backup of your game boot disk in
Drive 0. Run. The drive will spin for a
bit, and its light will come on. When you
get the OK prompt again, your disk will
be ready for operation on a Co Co 3.
Note that this fix can be completed on
a CoCo 3, so an earlier model CoCo is
not needed to fix these games to run on
the CoCo 3.

Lee Maice, Jr.

(MA1CE)

Washington, DC

Nice work, Lee! The problem with
Trivia Fever and all OS-9 Level 1
Version 1.0 and 1.1 games is that the
boot program block moves itself over
the 256 bytes at $FE00 through SFEFF,
smashing the interrupt vectors on the
CoCo 3. Your fix changes the boot
program location, so it will not trample
the CoCo 3 interrupts. The fix will work
on all games using OS-9 Level 1 Version
1.1. (This includes most of Tandy's
older OS-9 programs that are incom-
patible with the CoCo 3.) Most pro-
grams written using an OS-9 Level 1
Version 1.0 boot will work with this fix.

Assembly language tinkerers can fix
the Level 1 Version 1.0 boot program by
transferring the contents of Track 34 of
the game disk (the boot file) to CoCo
memory starting at $2600. Disassemble
the code there, look for a block move
in the first 256 bytes and a subsequent
jump to the code that was moved. The
target address for the block move, and
for the subsequent jump, need to be

lowered by Hex 100 — probably by
changing the target address and the
corresponding jump from $F000 to
$EF00.

No Dual Printing

Can I run two printers (such as a
DWP230anda DM P BOA) simultane-
ously, feeding them data from a single
computer?

Charles N. Shew
SHEW

For most practical purposes, you
cannot run two printers simultaneously.
The computer sends data to the printer,
but the printer also tells the computer
(via a handshake line) when to stop
sending data because its buffer is full.
If you hook up two printers on the same
serial line, the buffer full handshake will
not work properly for either. Also, the
DMP 130A and the DWP 230 use
different control codes. Therefore, you
couldn't use even the more common
special features, like underline and
boldface.

Although you could use TTL and
Level converter chips to do a logical OR
to the two busy signals and halt the
computer when either printer's buffer is
full, this decreases efficiency. It would
be better to use a printer switch and
print first from one and then from the
other printer. Most users who have both
types of printers use their serial printer
to print out draft copies, use those
copies for editing and then use the daisy
wheel printer for the final copy. In such
use, it makes little sense to have both
printers printing out the same file at the
same time.

Baud-Rate Changes

I'd like to pass along the following to
CoCo 3 users: If you are running your

CoCo 3 at double speed (POKE &H
FFD9,0J, and want to send data to the
printer using the internal serial port,
change the baud-rate constant of BASIC
to the one used at slow CPU speed for
the next lowest baud rate. The following
table shows the constants to poke into
Address 150 to adjust the baud rate of
a CoCo 3 running at double speed:

Baud

600

1200

2400

4800

9600

Constant

180

To run the internal serial port at 300
baud when the CoCo is operating at
double speed, you will have to poke a
1 into A ddress 149 and then experiment
with the correct value for Address 150.
This value will be a number a little less
than 200. All addresses and constants
given concerning these baud-rate
changes are in decimal notation.

Art Flexser

(ARTFLEXSER)

Author of ADOS-3
Miami, FL

Your technical questions are wel-
comed. Please address them to CoCo
Consultations, THE rainbow, P.O. Box
385, Prospect, KY 40059.

We reserve the right to publish only
questions of general interest and to edit
for brevity and clarity. Due to the large
volume of mail we receive, we are unable
to answer letters individually.

Questions can also be sent to Marty
through the Delphi CoCo SIG. From the
CoCo SIG> prompt, pick Rainbow
Magazine Services, then, at the RAIN-
BOW> prompt, type R5K (for Ask the
Experts) to arrive at the EXPERTS>
prompt, where you can select the "CoCo
Consultations" online form which has
complete instructions.

"Assembly Language Programming for the CoCo" (The Book) and the CoCo 3 (The Addendum).
Professionally produced (not just skimpy technical specifications). THE CoCo reference books.

THE BOOK - 289 pages of teaching
assembly language for the CoCo 1 & 2.
It's used as a school text and is an
intro to Computer Science. It describes
the 6809E instructions, subroutines,
interrupts, stacks, programming
philosophy, and many examples. Also
covered are PIAs, VDG, SAM, kybd,
jystk, sound, serial port, and using
cassette and disk. $18.00 + $1.50 s/h.

THE ADDENDUM - Picks up

where the BOOK left off. Describes
ALL the CoCo 3 enhancements & how
to use them with assembly language.
The most complete GIME spec.
WOW - Super-Res Graphics,
Virtual Memory, New Interrupts,
and more information not available
elsewhere. Find out what the CoCo 3
can really do. $12.00 + $1.00 s/h.

COCO 3 SPECIAL US check or money

Start your CoCo order. RI orders

library right. add 6% sales tax
See what the CoCo

can really do and Tmrn

save money - buy I tr LU

the BOOK and 68 James Court

ADDENDUM Portsmouth, RI 02871

for only $27.00 +

$2.00 s/h. See Us On DELPHI

January 1 989 THE RAINBOW 99

The Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures

Fourteen fascinating new Adventures from the winners of our fourth Adventure competition, Rely on your wits
to escape a hostile military installation, try to $top the Nazi plan to invade Great Britain, or manage to reinstate
our defense system before the enemy launches a massive missile attack — and that's only the beginning!

The Park of Myst

discussing where
it ~ and battle

— You overhear a gang of robbers
Ve hidden their loot Can you find
and confusion at the same time?

Superspy — You awaken from a horrifying nightmare
of chases, inexplicable scenery changes and sickening
freefalls into space. Or was it a dream? You be thejudge
— and d^erirnine your own fate!

Term Paper — A real nightmare: Someone's stolen your
freshman midterm paper and hidden its pages all over
CoCo State's campus. Are you smart enough to find
th0m before you miss the due date and flunk the
course?

♦ -' *V'." ,fe'

House Adventure — Try to find your way out of a
mysterious abandoned house that keeps sprouting new
rooms just as you think you've found an exit.

Life: An Everyday Adventure — Just getting up in the
morning in time to do last-minute chores before
catching a plane to a family reunion proves you don't
have to leave home to find adventure.

The Earth's Foundations — A mysterious maze inside
a deep crevice near your village is having a devastating
effect on the entire area. You've been chosen to
investigate, and promised great riches — //you survive!

Experience other traditional and contemporary challenges
Babich, David Bartmess, Stephen Berry, Eugene Carver,
Kottke, Kerr Lie, Andre Needham, Fred Provoncha, Paul Ruby Jr. and

these winning authors:
Farris, Jeff Hillison,
Eric Santanen.

Mike Anderson, Tio
Johnson, Richard

The Fourth Rainbow Book of
Adventures is only $10.95!

Tape $9.95, Two-Disk Set $14.95

Tlte tape v-d ditfs P^a dch^cis ar>d compteraenlEi to the bboR; the ijooK Is necessary
for uHlOduCibiy nuitris!, dftd v&diiifj, iralf uditHiit

Please send me:

The Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures $10.95*
The Fourth Rainbow Adventures Tape $9.95

The Fourth Rainbow Adventures Disk Set $14.95

Name

Address
City

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! □ My check in the amount of

enclosed*

Please charge to my: □ VISA □ MasterCard

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is 1

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i i

I *Add $2.00 per book for shipping and handling in the U.S. Outside the |_

I U.S. add $4 per book (U.S. currency only). Kentucky residents add 5% |

I sales tax. In order to hold down costs, we do not bill. Please allow 6-8 i

I weeks for delivery. I

To order by phone {credit card orders only), call (800) 847-0309, 8 a.m. I

to 5 p.m. EST. For other inquiries, call (502) 228-4492.

,.,» \ ~,e miM, n, i-r^v,.;,,-, .....i*,^- ■■■ , :.' .. .... ... . , ,..,-„ : . ... . .....

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A All Al A t A

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ELECTRONICS 3

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pa ft pa av a aaa ft j ft aa PH ft a

ELECTRONICS 13

a p% ■ i n tp a n k fiti *■%

BARN STORMING

GRAPHICS BORDER

GRAFIX

AP ft PA APft Pfta PH m m a PH Aft a

ELECTRONICS 8

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AX'S -Vft .i»- J .- ;.•

'M,

u^e ^is cryptological key

year o

«3

I^^ML— ..,., „ ,.,.,,.,., — -

'Ty- : .*- :

By Clem Bedard

i r

A cipher is defined in the ^iiBtionary as a secret
method of writing, which transposes or
substitutes letters of the alphabet. To encrypt
(encode) a message, you must use one of the many
transformation systems on the message. To decipher
(decode) it, the reverse procedure is applied. One
such system of transformation uses a random non-
repeating additive key and is known as the one-time
pad system. The program Cipher simulates this
system while reducing a problem known as the key
distribution problem, g |5

■M&m^m. <i^.r|^^^|&- '^####fe.^.

' lin text to

give us the following numerical text:

75-69-69-80-65-76-76-77-69-83-83-65-71^9-83-83-
69-67-82-69-84

An Additive Key System

The one-time pad system is considered unbreak-
able in both theory and practice. Although it is
beyond the scope of this article to fully analyze this
system, we will encrypt a short message to show the
different steps involved in transforming ordinary
text into ciphered text when using an additive key
system. To demonstrate how the program Cipher
works, let's manually encode the following phrase:

Keep all messages secret.

First, it is necessary to convert the plain text into
numerical text There are many ways in which this
can be done, but for this example, we will substitute

Clem Bedard is an electronic technician for the
Canadian Department of National Defense. His
hobbies include amateur radio, programming and
more recently, cryptology.

At this point, the message is not encrypted; ^t is
written simply as a computer might represent it It
would be easy for a cryptanalyst (spy) to reconstruct
the original message from the numerical text.

To make life more difficult for the cryptanalyst,
let's generate a series of random numbers. This string
of numbers is called the key and should be at least
equal in length to the numerical text in order to avoid
repetition of the random sequence. The following
string meets our requirements:

8-5-12-10-14-9-6-13-2-15-10-4-8-15-12-6-9-2-11-7-1

Now we proceed to the final step of our encryption

and add the random key to the numerical text to

produce the Cipher text. Our example text would

then look like Figurfe '%
In comparing the numerical text to the plaia text,

we see that every time a letter is repeated in the plain

text, the corresponding number in the numerical text

is also repeated. This is a simple substitution and

offers little security to the exchange of confidential

information. In contrast, the cryptanalyst trying to

analyze the Cipher text has no way of knowing how

a number was derived. Is 83 the sum of 41 plus 42,

W is it the result of adding 1 to 82? Each number

of the cipher text becomes an equation with two un-

102

THE RAINBOW Jan uary p89i

b''

" — ' >: ^^'^'l/A^fe^ v : > '/..V, ^'; ; c

32KECB 16KMod

;# i liS-" '*•*< - v ;: ;

(Plain text: Numerical text + Random key = Cipher text)

Keep All Messages Secret

75-69-69-80 65-76-76 77-69-83-83-65-7 1 -69-83 83-69-67-82-69-84
+ 08-05-12-10 14-09-06 13-02-15-10-04-08-15-12 06-09-02-11-07-01

= 83-74-81-90 79-85-82 90-71-98-93-69-79-84-95 89-78-69-93-76-85

Figure 1: Creation of Cipher text

kriSMSijSj; : ;l6^ : ^|Sch there is no unique solution. Without a
cofiy of the original random key, theoretically it is impossible
to decode the text.

^•si : :s.';''.-..

The One-Tiitie Pad . ..

t;5:Kipdom : '|^ for this system are distributed in the fortii
6f pads. Each pad contains a predetermined number of
sheets. Eaetf$|eet is filled with randomly generated numbers,
arid! rio two sKeets have the same number sequence. Each pad
has an exact duplicate, both forming a pair, and no pair
duplicates any other pair. Two people who share a pair of
identical pad? can communicate secretly with each other by
usii0idi|||r^nt sheet for every message, tearing off that sheet
when thfey ;^^iphed, and never using that same sheet again
(thus the name one-time pad). \ s .

tJrifortunately, the one-time pad system creates a key
distribution problem. In other words, if you wanted to send
confidential information to your friend through the mail but
felt this ^a^fhot private enough, you would encrypt the
j^fb|^ationf§r$t. But how do you get the key to yc^|friend^
You can't use the mail service; it's not private enough. You
could pay him a Visit, but this could become expense and
time-consuming. If you are paying him a visit, why not simply
giv^lfiim the confidential information and save the hassle of
encryption and decryption? You are faced with the key
distribution problem inherent to the one-time pad system.

A S&iiitioii

Cipher is an encoding/ decoding program that Mimiil^tes
the key distribution problem. The same random key

#21

generated by the encoding computer, is duplicated by the
decoding computer. All that is needed is a password
previously agreed upon by the corresponding parties. The
password, or keyword as it is referred to in the prograiii; can
be any word or phrase of no more than 245 characters,
including spaces. Every time the keyword is changed, the
computer generates a new random number sequence.
Changing only one character of the keyword will produce an
entirely different Random key.

Program Operation

Cipher will operate on CoCos 1, 2 and 3, with 16K or more
memory, on either tape or disk systems. Although a printer
is not a necessity, it can be useful. After typing the listing,
^ve it by using the command CSftVE "CIPHERS for tape or
;Sf3^||i|lPHEl|^r disk. If you are using a 16K tape system,

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 103

bef o re you Aeed t o PCLERR 0 by typing Copy down the numbers that were genera^|i screen*;^

PPKE25^^ Also after the program turn the computer off for another ten seconds, and repe#t

is loaded, change Line 130 to CLEAR 4000 instead of 8000 the procedure. The same six numbers are generated m the

and D I MPS (109 ) instead of ( 217 ). In Line 350, change same sequence,

1=3456 to 1=1728, and in Line 1730, change 1=6912 to Every time your computer is turned on from a cold start,

If 3456; You are now ready run the program. the random generator is automatically seeded with the same

At the start of the program, you will be presented with the numbers, causing the same sequence to be repeated. This seed;

title page |sked if you want to encode or decode, occupies four bytes and can be peeked at locations 278 tiofe

Answer^^lhi^aidou takes you through a series 281. If we poke those locations with integers of fi#hoofeg

of easUy^ilQ^ed menus i^ff^ti have completely encoded (0 to 255), the random generator should gerieratd a certain

or decoded a message. The final work can be sent to the sequence of numbers that could be duplicated on demand,

screen, recorded on tape or clisfe, or sent to the printer. This random sequence would then become the random key

If you ^cft^i& : :.to encode a message, you will be placed in needed to encode and decode our messages. ||
iht word^^^ssing mode, which allows you to type the Instead of poking four separate locations m^^pvy, ^:
uncoded te^t|iines 3507tO;540). A num appearing in the same results can be obtained by randomizing a negative
upper-right corner of your ffeieen indicates the amount of integer in the form R=RND( -n). The following one-line
memory left in the buffer. When you type your text, only the program demonstrates this:
alphabet (ASCII 65-90), comma, period, space and apos-
trophe are ^^gnized asvalid characters. If you need to enter 10 R=RND( - 1234 ) : FOR X=l|Ttt6: PR I NT RNPX2S|.; :
nutiibersi ^ out as you do when writing NEXT X
a check.

When you finish entering the text, press the percent sign Every time you run this program, the same si^t numbers will

(%), and you will be prompted to enter a keyword of your appear on the screen. Change the negative integer, and you

choice. This will seed the computer's random generator, prior get six new numbers. Changing the negative integer puts new

to generating the random key. values at locations 278 to 281, forcing the random generator

Whether you want to send the cipher text to screen or to to generate a new sequence of numbers,

another option, the encoding procedure is the same. Let's Line 2640 asks you for the keyword that you and yo^

examine lines 760 to 970 for a description of how the plain friend have agreed upon. Lines 2660 to 2680 add up all the

text is changed into cipher text. ASCII values of the keyword and put that value in Variable

As demonstrated in our example, plain text must be F. Variable F becomes the seed required to generate the

transformed into numerical text. To do this, every letter of random key (lines 580 and 2180).
the plaintext is converted to its ASCII equivalent (Line 770).

Then the alphabet is separated from the punctuation marks Conclusion

(Line 780). For convenience and protection, the alphabet is Because I am not an expert in cryptology, it is difficult ft*f !

inverted and moved down to the punctuation marks (Line me to assess the level of security offered by this program.

790). In this manner, the letter Z (ASCII 90) becomes number Nevertheless, I am confident that all unauthorized persons

47 and A (ASCII 65) becomes 72. trying to read your secret correspondence will have to spend

After each conversion of a plain text letter into a numerical many hours — perhaps days — before they can crack your -

equivalent, the result of RND(27) is added to it in Line 800. code, Messages will be better protected if you change your

This process is repeated until every letter of the plain text keyword often. Remember that in the one-time pad system,

is transformed into cipher text. The number 27 was chosen a key is never used more than once.

because when added to 72 (the highest numerical equivalent), This program should prove interesting if used on your

it will not exceed 99, which keeps the cipher text in a two- favorite BBS, for it is very unlikely that anybody but your

digit number format. intended friends could read your mail. Although other people

.^ v . Lines 810 to 880 assemble the cipher text into groups of might have a copy of this program, your keyword makes

Sllye digits for presentation on the screen, Lines 890 and 900 yours a unique version. If in the process of playing with

are used to toggle the screen on and off. Lines 920 and 930 Cipher, you should become a crypto-nut, I recommend that

simply ensure that the cipher text will always end with a five- you read David Kahn's The Codebreakers (MacMillan, 1967)

digit group. available in most public libraries.

Decoding Jhe cipher tex^ requires that the reverse proce- To those interested in experimenting with the principle of

dtire be applied. Study lines 2320 to 2380 to understand the seeding, there are many open avenues such as encryption of

mechanics of decoding.;; ^ data* games requiring preset randomization, educational^

^ % : : --^;$t'' : programs where a randomized order of presentations has to

The Random Key be repeated for learning or checking purposes, etc. The rest

Since computers have to rely on mathematical formulas is up to you. I'm looking forward to see programs making

to generate ;#&dom numbers, the results can only mimic a use of the seeding feature in coming issues of the rainbow
true randpna Sequence. Because of this shortcoming, a

pseudo-rand^; -sequetice can be duplicated on demand _

simply by ^|idB| the ffendom generator. ...

If you wotfp like to pirpve this to yourself, turn off your (Questions or comments about this program may be

computer, wait ten seconds, turn it on and enter the following directed to the author at 3220 Quadra, Apt. 106, Victoria,

line: BC> Canada V8X 1G3. Please include an SASE when

FOR **A -T0 £ : mm RND(100); : NEXT X requesting a reply. &

1 04 THE RAINBOW JMum 1989

230

218

1730 ,

145

450

, . .117

1940 . .

680

. . 234

2130

920

. . , .64

2370

.87

1110 , ,

. . 228

2560 . .

...157

1300

189

2830 . .

...247

1510

. 44

END

...214

The listing: CIPHER

10 • **********************

20 1 * C-I-P-H-E-R *

30 1 * BY C.BEDARD *

40 ' * 106-3220 QUADRA *

50 1 * VICTORIA B.C. *

60 1 * CANADA V8X 1G3 *

70 1 * COPYRIGHT (C) 1986 *
80 1 **********************

90 1

ljjj3 i

110 1 ***INITIALIZATION***
12 0 i

130 CLEAR8000:DIMP$(217) :Y=1:H=1
184:C$= n DI5K SYSTEM NOT OPERATI
ONAL" : E$="THE PRINTER IS OFF LIN
E"

14 j3 i

150 1 ***FIRST MENU***

16 0 i

170 CLS:PRINT@39,CHR$(43)+STRING

Tele communication made simple.

"TsLsRdk 9 "TeEL

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$(15,CHR$ (45) )+CHR$(43)

18/3 PRINT@71,"+ CIPHER +"

19/3 PRINT§lj33 ,CHR$ (43) +STRING$ (1

5,CHR$ (45) )+CHR$ (43)

20J3 PRINT@17^f, "THE PSEUDO"

21/3 PRINTS 2^/3, CHR$ (34) "ONE-TIME

))

• *

240 PRINT@395 , " (E) NCODE"

250 PRINT@427 , " (D) ECODE"

260 PRINTQ459 , " (Q) UIT"

270 EXEC44539:A$=INKEY$

280 IFA$<> ,, E"ANDA$<> lf D"ANDA$<> fl Q

"THEN270

290 IFA$= M D"THEN1580

300 IFA$="Q"THENCLS:NEW

31 j3 i

320 1 ***INPUT PLAINTEXT***

3 30 1 *** FROM KEYBOARD ***
340 i

350 CLS : 1=3456 : PRINTQ3 6 , "ENTER
PLAIN TEXT AND"

360 PRINTS 58, 11 PRESS <%> WHEN FIN
ISHED"

370 PRINT@I00,STRING$(23,CHR$(45
) ) : PRINT

380 M=PEEK(13 6) :L=PEEK(137) :PRIN

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WOODSTOWN ELECTRONICS

Rt. 40 E. WOODSTOWN, N.J. 08098

January 1 989 THE RAINBOW 105

It2'i6 # I;-:PORE^;3'6 # M«POKE137 / L

880 IFV=5THENPRINT" " ;:V=0

390 F0RX=1T015:A$=INKEY$

890 B$=INKEY$!IF(B$) <>CHR$(32)TH

400 I F A $ = " " THENNEXTELSE 4 5 0

EN910

410 POKE(H) ,95

900 B$="":B$=INKEY$:IF(B$)<>CHR$

420 F0RX=1T05:A$=INKEY$

(32)THEN900:B$=""

430 IFA$ = 11 rt THENNEXTE LSE 4 5 0

910 NEXTZ :NEXTX

440 POKE (H) ,96:00103 90

920 IFW=0ORW=5THEN940ELSEA$=STR$

450 IFASC(A$)=8THENGOSUB2730:GOT

¥ % 9 w V

(RND (9 ) )

0380

930 PRINTMID$(A$,2,1) ; :W=W+1:G0T

4 60 IFASC(A$)=320RASC(A$)=390RAS

0920

C (A$) =440RASC (A$ ) =46THEN490

940 PRINT: PRINT: PRINTSTRING$ (7 , C

470 IFASC(A$)=37THENP$(Y)=P$(Y)+

HR$(32) )+STRING$(17,CHR$(45) )

A$:GOTO540

950 PRINT" TO RETURN TO ME

480 IFASC (A$) <650RASC (A$) >90THEN

¥ \ 9 W \ * 0 /

NU"

390

960 PRINT" PRESS ANY KEY

49 p PRINTA$ ; : 1=1-1 : H=H+1 : IFH=15 3

":EXEC44539

6THENH=1504

970 GOTO580

500 P$(Y)=P$(Y)+A$:C=C+1

510 IFC=32THENY=Y+1:C=0

990 1 ***CUTPUT CIPHERTEXT***

520 IFIO0THEN380

1000 1 *** TO TAPE ***

/ / /

530 M=PEEK(13 6) :L=PEEK(137) :PRIN

T@26,I; :POKE13 6,M:POKE137,L:A$=C

1020 CLS : PRINT@34 , "INSERT CASSET

HR$(37) :GOTO470

TE IN RECORDER"

540 GOSUB2630

1030 PRINT@69, "PRESS <RECORD> BU

550 i

TTON"

560 • ***SECOND MENU***

1040 PRINT@99 , "PRESS ANY KEY TO

570 i

CONTINUE"

580 CLS:G=RND(-F)

1050 PRINT§131 / STRING$(25 / CHR$(4

590 PRINTS 36, "OUTPUT CIPHERTEXT

5) ) :EXEC44539

TO. ..."

1060 GOSU32 810:GOSUB3000:W=0:OPE

600 PRINT@68,STRING$(24,CHR$(45)

N"0", #-l,F$

)

1070 F0RX=1T0Y:F0RZ=1T0LEN(P$ (X)

WW \ i \ W

610 PRINT(3139,"(S)CREEN"

)

620 PRINT@203,"(D)ISK"

1080 P=ASC(MID$(P$(X) ,Z,1) )

630 PRINT§267,"(T)APE"

1090 IFP=320RP=370RP=390RP=440RP

640 PRINT@331,"(P)RINTER"

=46THEN1110

650 PRINTS 3 9 2, "OR (E)ND SESSION"
660 EXEC44539:A$=INKEY$

1100 P=137-P

1110 P=P+RND(27)

670 IFA$<>"D"ANDA$<>"T"ANDA$<>"P

1120 T$=T$+RIGHT$(STR$(P) ,2) :W=W

" ANDA$ <> " S " ANDA $ <> " E " THEN 6 60

680 IFA$="T"THEN1020

1130 IFW=16THENPRINT#-1,T$:W=0:T

690 IFA$="D"THEN1210

$ = "»»

700 IFA$="P"THEN1370

1140 NEXTZ :NEXTX

710 IFA$="E"THENCLS : RUN

1150 PRINT#-1,T$

720 i

1160 CLOSE#-1:GOTO580

730 • ***0UTPUT CIPHERTEXT***

1170 ■

740 • *** TO SCREEN ***

1180 1 ***OUTPUT CIPHERTEXT***

750 i .

H9J3 i *** TO DISK ***

760 GOSUB2920: PRINT" 11 ; :V=0 : W=0 :

12 00 i

F0RX=1T0Y:F0RZ=1T0LEN(P$ (X) )

1210 CLS :IFPEEK( 49152 )<>68THENFO

770 P=ASC(MID$(P$(X) ,Z,1))

RA=1T06 : PRINT@2 2 6 , C$ : FORB=1TO300

780 IFP=320RP=370RP=390RP=440RP=

: NEXTB : PRINT @ 2 2 6 , " " : F0RB=1T01 0 0 :

46THEN800

NEXTB : NEXTA : GOTO 5 8 0

790 P=137-P

1220 GOSU32960:GOSUB2810:GOSUB30

800 P=P+RND(27)

00 : W=0 : OPEN"0" , #1 , F$+"/CFR"

810 A$=MID$(STR$(P) ,2,1)

1230 F0RX=1T0Y:F0RZ=1T0LEN(P$(X)

820 PRINTA$; :W=W+1

)

830 IFW=5THENPRINT" " ; :W=0:V=V+1

1240 P=ASC(MID$(P$(X) ,Z,1))

840 IFV=5THENPRINT" ";:V=0

1250 IFP=320RP=370RP=390RP=440RP

850 A$=RIGHT$(STR$(P) ,1)

=46THEN1270

860 PRINTA$ ; :W=W+1

1260 P=137-P

870 IFW=5THENPRINT" " ; :W=0 : V=V+1

1270 P=P+RND(27)

106

THE RAINBOW January 1989

1280 D$=D$+RIGHT$(STR$(P) ,2) :W=W
+1

1290 IFW=16THENPRINT#1,D$:W=0:D$
—ii it

1300 NEXTZ : NEXTX
1310 PRINT=1,D$
1320 CLOSEsl:GOTO580

1330 •

1340 • ***CUTPUT CIPHERTEXT***
1350 1 *** TO PRINTER ***

1360 '

1370 CLS : IFPEEK (65314) AND1THENFO

RA=1T06 : PRINT@228 , E$ : FORB=1TO300

:NEXTB: PRINT@228 , " " : FORB=1TO100 :

NEXTB : NEXTA : GOTO 580

1380 GOSUB2880 :GOSUB3 000: PRINT #-

2 : PRINT#-2 , " » ; : V=0 : W=0 : FORX=lTO

Y:FORZ=lTOLEN(P$(X) )

1390 P=ASC(MID$(P$(X) ,Z,1) )

1400 IFP=320RP=370RP=39ORP=44ORP

=46THEN1420

1410 P=137-P

1420 P=P+RND(27)

1430 A$=MID$ (STR$ (P) , 2 , 1)

1440 PRINT=-2 , A$ ; :W=W+1

1450 IFW=5THENPRINT#-2," ";:W=0:

V=V+1

1460 IFV=13THENPRINT#-2," ";:V=
0

1470 A$=RIGHT$(STR$ (P) ,1)
1480 PRINT=-2,A$; :W=W+1

1490 IFW=5THENPRINT#-2," ";:W=0:
V=V+1

1500 IFV=13THENPRINT#-2," ■ ;:V=
0

1510 NEXTZ: NEXTX

1520 IFW=0ORW=5THEN1540ELSEA$=ST
R$(RND(9) )

1530 PRINT=-2,MID$(A$ / 2,1) ;:W=W+
1:GOTO1520

1540 PRINT*-2:PRINT#-2:GOTO580
155^ i

1560 ' ***THIRD MENU***
157^ i

1580 CLS : PRINT@ 3 6 , "INPUT CIPHERT
EXT FROM. . ."

1590 PRINT§68,STRING$(24 / CHR$(45
))

1600 PRINTS 17 1, w (K) EYBOARD"

1610 PRINT@235, " (D) ISK"

1620 PRINT§299, " (T) APE"

1630 PRINTS 3 60, "OR (E)ND SESSION
ii

1640 EXEC44539:A$=INKEY$

1650 IFA$<>"K"ANDA$<>"D"ANDA$<>"

T " ANDA$ <> " E " THEN 16 4 0

1660 IFA$="T"THEN1970

1670 IFA$="D"THEN2090

1680 IFA$="E"THENRUN

1690 •

1700 ' ***INPUT CIPHERTEXT***
1710 • *** FROM KEYBOARD ***

The

THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE

Back Issue
Availability

BACK ISSUES STILL AVAILABLE

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— a great way to expand your library!

A WORLD OF INFO AT A BARGAIN PRICE

All back issues sell for the single issue
cover price. In addition, there is a $3.50
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To check availability and order, review and
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January 1989 THE RAINBOW 107

BACK ISSUE ORDER FORM

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1720 1

1730 CLS : 1=69 12 : PRINTS 3 6 , "ENTER

CIPHER TEXT AND"
1740 PRINT® 6 8 , 11 PRESS <%> WHEN FI

NISHED"

1750 PRINT§100,STRING$(23,CHR$(4
5) ) : PRINT

1760 M=PEEK(13 6) :L=PEEK(137) :PRI

NT@26,I; :POKE136,M:POKE137,L

1770 FORX=lT015:A$=INKEY$

1780 I FA $ - " " THENNEXTE LS E 1 8 3 0

1790 POKE(H) ,95

1800 FORX=lT05:A$=INKEY$

1810 IFA$= IM, THENNEXTELSE1830

1820 POKE(H) ,96:GOTO1770

1830 IFASC(A$)=8THENGOSUB2730:GO

TO1760

1840 IFASC(A$)=32THENPRINTA$; :H=
H+1:GOTO1770

1850 IFASC(A$)=37THENP$(Y)=P$(Y)
+A$:GOTO1920

1860 IFASC(A$)<480RASC(A$)>57THE
N1770

1870 PRINTA$;: 1=1-1 :H=H+1:IFH=15
36THENH=1504

1880 P$(Y)=P$(Y)+A$:C=C+1

1890 IFC=32THENY=Y+1:C=0

1900 IFIO0THEN1760

1910 M=PEEK(136) :L=PEEK(137) :PRI

NT@26,I; :POKE136,M:POKE137,L:A$=

CHR$(37) :GOTO1850

1920 GOSUB2 630:GOTO2180

1930 1

1940 1 ***INPUT CIPHERTEXT***

1950 1 *** FROM TAPE ***
196 j3 i

1980 PRINT970, "PRESS <PLAY> BUTT
ON"

1990 PRINT@99, "PRESS ANY KEY TO
CONTINUE"

2000 PRINT@131,STRING$(25,CHR$(4
5) ) :EXEC44539

20 10 GOSUB2 8 10 : GOSUB3000 : OPEN " I "
,#-1 F$

2020 ' IFEOF ( -1) =-lTHEN2040

2030 INPUT#-1,P$(Y) :Y=Y+l:GOTO20

2040 CLOSE#-1:GOSUB2630:GOTO2180

2050 1

2060 1 ***INPUT CIPHERTEXT***
2070 1 *** FROM DISK ***

2080 1

2090 CLS :IFPEEK (49152) O68THENF0
RA=1T06 : PRINT© 2 2 6 , C$ : FORB=1TO300
: NEXTB : PRINTQ22 6 , " " : FORB=1TO100 :
NEXTB: NEXTA : GOTO 1580
2100 GOSUB2960:GOSUB2810:GOSUB30
00 : OPEN" I ■ , # 1 , F$+ "/CFR"
2110 IFEOF(1)=-1THEN2140
2120 INPUT#1,P$(Y) :Y=Y+1

108

THE RAINBOW January 1989

2130 GOTO2110

2140 CLOSE#1:GOSUB2630

2150 '

2160 • ***FOURTH MENU***

2170 1

2180 CLS:G=RND(-F)

2190 PRINTi 37, "OUTPUT PLAINTEXT

TO. . ."

2200 PRINT@69,STRING$(22,CHR$(45
))

2210 PRINT§171,"(S)CREEN"

2220 PRINT@235,"(P)RINTER"

2230 PRINT@296, "OR (E)ND SESSION
it

2240 EXEC44539:A$=INKEY$

2250 IFA$<> ,, P I, ANDA$<> , •S ,, ANDA$<> , •

E"THEN2240

2260 IFA$="P"THEN2500
2270 I FA$=" E " THENRUN

2280 •

2290 • ***OUTPUT PLAINTEXT***
2300 ' *** TO SCREEN ***
2310 •

2320 GOSUB2920:FORX=1TOY:FORZ=1T
OLEN(P$(X) )STEP2
2330 P=VAL(MID$(P$(X) ,Z,2))
2340 P=P-RND(27)

2350 IFP=3 2 ORP=3 90RP=4 40RP=4 6 THE
N2380

2360 IFP=37THEN2420

2370 P=137-P

2380 PRINTCHR$(P) ;

2390 B$=INKEY$:IF(B$)<>CHR$(32)T
HEN2410

2400 B$="":B$=INKEY$:IF(B$)OCHR
$(32) THEN 2 400 : B$=" "
2410 NEXTZ : NEXTX

2 4 20 PRINT : PRINT : PRINTSTRING$ ( 7 ,
CHR$(32) )+STRING$(17,CHR$(45) )
2430 PRINT" TO RETURN TO M

ENU"

2440 PRINT" PRESS ANY KE

Y":EXEC44539

2450 GOTO2180

2460 •

2470 ' ***OUTPUT PLAINTEXT***
2480 ' *** TO PRINTER ***

2490 '

2500 CLS:IFPEEK(65314)AND1THENF0

RA=1T06 : PRINT§228 ,E$ : FORB=1TO300

: NEXTB : PRINT 9228,"": FORB= 1TO 100 :

NEXTB : NEXTA : GOT02 180

2510 GOSUB2 880: GOSUB3 000 : PRINT # -

2 : FORX=lTOY : FORZ=lTOLEN (P$ (X) ) ST

EP2

2520 P=VAL(MID$(P$(X) ,Z,2) )
2530 P=P-RND(27)

2540 IFP=320RP=390RP=440RP=46THE
N2570

2550 IFP=37THEN2590

2560 P=137-P

2570 PRINT#-2,CHR$(P) ;

2580 NEXTZ: NEXTX

2590 PRINT#-2:PRINT#-2:GOTO2180

2600 '

2610 1 ***SEED SUBROUTINE***

2620 •

2630 SOUND175,3

2640 PRINT: PRINT: INPUT" ENTER KE
YWORD";K$

2650 IFK$=""GOTO2640
2660 FORX=lTOLEN(K$)
2670 F=F+ASC(MID$(K$,X,1) )
2680 NEXTX: RETURN

2690 '

2700 1 ***LEFT ARROW***
2710 ' ***SUBROUTINE***

2720 '

2730 IFC=0ANDY=1THENRETURN
2740 IFC=0THENY=Y-1:C=32
2750 POKE(H) , 96 : C=C-1 : H=H-1 : PRIN
TAS ;

2760 P$(Y)=LEFT$(P$(Y) ,C) : 1=1+1:
RETURN

2770 '

2780 1 *** SCREEN ***

2790 ' ***SUBROUTINES***
2800 •

2810 CLS : PRINT @ 3 8 , " ENTER DATA FI
LE NAME"

2830 PRINT@102,STRING$(20,CHR$(4

5) ) : PRINT :INPUTF$

2840 IFLEN(F$)>8THEN2810

2850 IFF$=""THENF$="CIPHER"

28 60 RETURN

2870 1

2890 PRINTQ68 , "ANY KEY TO CONTIN
UE "

2900 PRINT@100,STRING$(2 3,CHR$(4

5) ) :EXEC44539: RETURN

2910 •

2930 PRINTQ67 , "SCREEN WRITING ON
AND OFF"

2940 PRINT@99,STRING$ (25,CHR$ (45
) ) : PRINT : RETURN

2950 1

2960 PRINT@35 , "INSERT WORK DISK
IN DRIVE"

2980 PRINT@99,STRING$(25,CHR$(45

) ) :EXEC44539:RETURN

2990 i

3000 PRINT@2 67, "WORKING. .." :RETU
RN

3020 • ***END OF PROGRAM***

3j330 i &S

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 109

1 Feature

CoCo 3 Disk

Utilize all of your CoCo 3's memory
with these programs

When you got your CoCo 3, you
may have been disappointed
to find that you still only use
30K of memory from BASIC. You prob-
ably wondered about the usefulness of
128K if you can't access it easily. You
can easily use all that memory like a disk
drive though, by using a RAM disk.

A RAM disk uses your computer's
extra memory as if it were another disk
drive. It uses your extra RAM (Ran-
dom Access Memory) instead of floppy
disks. With a RAM disk, you can OPEN,
CLOSE, KILL, DIR, PRINTtt, INPUT —
and almost anything you would nor-
mally do with a floppy disk drive. RAM
disks are also faster than floppies be-
cause the computer doesn't have to turn
on a disk drive and search for the right
place on the disk before information
can be exchanged.

Most RAM disks are only available

Daniel Jimenez is a computer science
major at the University of Texas at San
Antonio. His favorite hobby is doing
systems programming on the CoCo. He
is especially interested in memory
management-type programs, such as
the RAM Disk.

for 512K CoCos at a high price (higher
than you paid to read this article). I
offer an alternative.

RAM Disk installs a RAM disk in
your 128K CoCo 3. To use it, you need
a 128K CoCo 3 with at least one floppy
disk drive and Disk BASIC. Type in and
run Listing 1, RRMDISK. If "Checksum
Error" is printed while running, go back
and check the program's DRTR state-
ments. If the program is correct, you
will be prompted for the drive number.
For now press 1 and ENTER. You can
choose any of the possible CoCo drive
numbers (zero through three), but you
will still want to be able to use your disk
drive(s). When choosing a number for
your disk, choose a drive number you
don't have. After you type the appro-
priate drive number and press ENTER,
the program will install and format a
RAM disk and report which drive
number is being used for it.

Now type DIR1 and press enter. As
no files exist on the RAM disk, you
should see a blank line. Type SRVE
"RRMDISK : 1" and press ENTER. You
have just saved a program on your
RAM disk. Type DIR1, and the pro-
gram will appear in a directory listing.

Experiment with it. You can use
almost any of the commands available
to Disk BASIC with your RAM disk.

What's the catch? A floppy disk can
hold 160K of information, RAM Disk
cannot. Of the 128K in your CoCo, 64K
is taken up by basic and any variables
or programs you have loaded into
memory. RAM Disk uses the other 64K.
This means that it can only hold 27
granules (64 times 1,024 bytes divided
by 2,304 bytes per granule, minus about
4,000 bytes for the directory) in files.
You can check this by using the FREE
function. (For example, if you chose
drive 1, type PRINT FREE ( 1 ) and press

ENTER.)

If you have a 128K computer (as
opposed to 512K), RAM Disk will use
the memory that BASIC uses for WIDTH
40, WIDTH B0, and any of the HSCREEN
graphics. Try not to use these features
when the program is installed, or you
may run into some major problems (like
losing everything on the RAM disk).
These limitations do not apply to 512K
CoCos, but if you have a 512K CoCo,
you ought to buy a RAM disk that can
take advantage of all the memory.

Since RAM Disk does not have the

110 THE RAINBOW January 1989

COMPUTER AIDED INSTRUCTION

Educational Programs for Students Grade K-12 and Adult Self Studies

NEW PROGRAMS FOR YOUR TANDY 1000

AND TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER

Compatible with Apple - Atari - Commodore - TRS 80 I, III, 4 - IBM PC Jr.
16 New Programs now available in Basic Spanish

Uhioh has one syllable'''

Interactive Tutorial Programs for Home or Classroom Use

Over 1000 programs for your selection with 32 now available on disk for the Color

Computer and 500 now available for the Tandy 1000.

"We're Your Educational
Software Source"

Subject No. of Programs

Reading Development 256 (4 on disk)
Reading Comprehension 48 (4 on disk)

Mathematics 128

Algebra 16 (16 on disk)

History 32 (4 on disk)

Spelling 16

Government 16

Physics 16 (4 on disk)

16 Programs in each
of the following:

Children's Tales - Carpentry - Electronics
Health Services - Office Skills - Statistics
First Aid/Safety - Economics - Business
Accounting - Psychology - MUCH MORE!

Send for our free catalog of over 1000 Dorsett educa-
tional programs for Atari, TRS 80. Apple, IBM PC Jr.,
Commodore. Tandy 1000. etc.

Apple II, TRS 80 I, III, & 4, and
Commodore 64 computers require
respective conversion kits (plug-in board
and stereo cassette player), $99.00. Atari
400/600/800/1200 computers require the
Atari cassette recorder and the Dorsett
4001 Educational Master Cartridge,
$9.95. For the IBM PC Jr. a cassette
adapter cable and a good cassette
recorder are required. The Tandy 1000
requires the Dorsett M1001 speaker/PC
board kit, $69.00, and a standard
cassette recorder. A Radio Shack
CCR-81 or CCR-82 is recommended.

CASSETTES: $59.50 for an album con-
taining a 16-program course (8 cassettes
with 2 programs each); $9.95 for a
2-program cassette.

DISKS: $14.95 for a one-program disk;
$28.95 for two disks; $48.95 for four
disks. All disks come in a vinyl album.

Dealer Inquiries Welcome

Dorsett Educational Software lealutes;

• Interactive Learning
i User Friendly

► Multiple Choice and Typed

► Program Advance with Correct Response

• Full-time audio narration (Cassette
Programs Only)

i Self-Paced Study

i High Resolution Graphics

► Easy Reading Text

For more information, or to order call:

TOLL FREE 1-800-654-3871
IN OKLAHOMA CALL (405) Ztt-2301

f A N
MasterCard

rr> DORSETT

mm^^r Educational Systems, Inc.

Box 1226, Norman, OK 73070

memory of a normal disk, do not use the
commands BACKUP or DSKINI. Of
course, BACKUP and DSKINI will work
with any drive number not being used
by the program. You can use D5K0? and
D5KI$, but don't specify any track
number higher than 31 or lower than 17.
The RAM disk doesn't have these, but
it may look for them, which will cause
problems. You can examine the direc-
tory and file allocation table sectors on
Track 17 just like you would normally.

Since you can't use the BACKUP com-
mand with this program, I have in-
cluded a program called Copy (Listing
2), which will copy all the files from one
disk drive to another. It will work
whether or not RAMDisk is installed
(as long as you have two disk drives) but
is quite useful. You can copy a complete
disk into the RAM disk, work with the
programs and files now on the RAM
disk faster than you would with a
floppy, and use it to copy all the files
onto another floppy when you are done.

Because RAMDisk is completely in
RAM memory, turning off your com-

puter will erase everything on the RAM
disk. Pressing RESET will not affect the
program's operation.

Remember the high-speed poke
(POKE 65497,0) for the CoCo 3, and
how using it sometimes garbles your
disks? When using the program, you
can use the high speed poke with no
change in operation except that the
RAM disk will work twice as fast.
Remember to go back to normal speed
(PDKE 65496,0) when working with
any other drive.

For you hackers, here is some tech-
nical information: The RAM disk occu-
pies virtual memory from address
$60000 to S6FFFF ($0 to $FFFF for a
512K CoCo). It has 14 tracks numbered
from 17 to 31, with 18 sectors per track
and the directory and file allocation
table on Track 17, just like a regular
floppy. Sector 1 of Track 17 starts at
virtual address $60000; so Sector 2 of
Track 17 is at $60100; Sector three at
$60200, etc. Therefore, you can modify
these sectors byte by byte with the
LPDKE command. The RAMDisk pro-

gram resides in memory from $7EOO to
S7F57, and hooks into the DSKC0N
subroutine at $C004, so you can use it
from machine language by calling
DSKCDN just like you would in any other
drive.

RAMDisk should work with all the
CoCo 3 programs that play by the
above rules; don't use memory from
$7E00 to $7F57; don't modify the
DSKCDN subroutine; and don't use vir-
tual memory. It would be perfect for
programs written for the CoCo 2 run-
ning on the CoCo 3.

Til leave you with this thought: Try
to think of the RAM disk as a tempo-
rary storage device, like a variable,
where you can do a large amount of
work quickly and then copy your final
result to floppy disk.

(Questions or comments concerning
this program may be directed to the
author at 3600 Falls Creed, San Anto-
nio, TX 78230. Please include an SASE
when requesting a reply.) □

Listing 1: RAMDISK

10 'RAMDISK. BAS

30 'BY DANIEL JIMENEZ

40 '3 600 FALLS CREEK

50 1 SAN ANTONIO, TX 78230

60 CLEAR 200,&H7DFF

70 C=0

80 FOR X=&H7E00 TO &H7F75

90 READ A$

100 A=VAL("&H"+A$)

110 C=C+A

120 POKE X,A

130 NEXT X

140 IF CO41025 THEN PRINT "CHECK

SUM ERROR.": END

150 DEF USR0=&H7E00

160 INPUT"DRIVE NUMBER" ;B

170 A=USR0(B)

180 END

190 DATA 9E,72 / 8C / 7E / 7A / 26 / E / 8E /
7F,3A

200 DATA A6 , 80 ,27 , 6 , AD , 9 F , A0 , 2 , 2
0,F6

210 DATA 39,BD / B3,ED / C4 / 3,F7 / 7E,
8 A, BE

220 DATA C0,4,86,7E,A7,84,CC,7E,
8C,ED

230 DATA 1,30,4,BF,7E,99,B6,FF,A
1,34

2 40 DATA ;2 /7F , f F, Al , 8E , 2 1 , 0 , 6F , 8
0,8C

250 DATA
FF, A7
260 DATA
,0/A7
270 DATA
B7 , FF
280 DATA
,7A,9F
290 DATA
7E,8A
300 DATA
73, 7E
310 DATA
7,84

3 20 DATA
0,0

330 DATA
4,76

340 DATA
0/10

350 DATA
27,9

360 DATA
1,10

370 DATA
10 , 8E
380 DATA
,8B

3 90 DATA
,80,34
400 DATA
7,C0

410 DATA
,8D,26

22,0,25,F9,8E, 21,21,86,
80, 8C,21,3C,25,F9,8E,22
80 , 8 C , 3 F , FF , 2 5 , F9 , 3 5 , 2 ,
A1,9E,72,BF,7E,88,8E,7E
7 2, 8E,7F,56,BD,7E,A,B6,
8B, 30,AD,9F,A0,2,8E,7F,
7E , A, 12 , BE,C0,4,86, 7E, A
CC,7E,8C,ED,1,7E,AB,CD,
B6,0,EB,B1,7E,8A,27,7,3
8 6,5,7E,D7, 63 ,34,76, F,F
DF , 0 , 10 , CE, FE, F0,96 , EA,

4A,27,6,4A,27,8,4A,27,3
DE , 0 ,35,F6,8D,52,DE, EE ,
1,0,FC,FF,A1,34,6,F6,7E
F7, FF , Al ,5C, F7 , FF , A2 , A6
2,EC,61,FD,FF,A1, 35, 2, A
31/3F,2 6,E5 , 32,62,20 , CF

112 THE RAINBOW January 1 989

42J3 DATA DE, EE, 10, 8E, 1 , J3 , FC, FF, A
1,34

430 DATA 6 , A6 , C0 ,F6 , 7E , 8B, F7/FF ,
A1,5C

44J3 DATA F7 , FF,A2,A7 , 80 , EC , E4 , FD
FF Al

45J3 DATA 31 , 3 F , 2 6 , E9 , 3 2 , 62 , 20, A7
,8E,0

460 DATA 0,96, £0,80,11,27, 7, 30, 8
9,12

470 DATA 0,4A,20,F7,34,10,96,ED,
80,1

480 DATA 5F,E3,E1,34,2,44,44,44,
44,44

490 DATA B7,7E,8B,35,2,84,1F,1F,
1,30

500 DATA 89,20,0,39,52,41,40,20,
44 ,49

510 DATA 53 , 4B, 20 , 41 , AC, 52 , 45,41
,44,59

520 DATA 20,49, 4E, 53, 54,41, 4C,4C
45 44

530 DATA 2 E , 0 , 5 2 ,41,4D,20 ,44,49,
53, 4B

540 DATA 20 / 49,4E,53,54,41,4C,4C
,45,44

550 DATA 20,41,53,20,44,52,49,56
, 45 ,20'

560 DATA 0,2E,D,0

Are you having trouble learning machine language?
Are you tired of depending on Basic subroutines?
Then this program is for you:
ROOTS is a machine language source file with over 100
subroutines. You can easily append it to your own source
files and be free of Basic. You can send characters to the
screen or printer, read and write sectors to disk, convert
registers into ASCII numbers, generate sound, create and
read disk files, read joysticks, INPUT strings and numbers,
use 32/40/64/8U columns, and many more. On the CoCo III
you can use the extra keys, speed, graphics, and memory.
Best of all, you can change it to fit your needs and learn
more about machine language. Most routines work on a CoCo
II. Disk only. $25

DIASM

A powerful disassembler that can disassemble files even if
they overlap Diasm or Basic. Supports printer. Many
editing features. CoCo I, II, or III. Disk only. $20

OMNI UTILITY

An on-screen directory ailov/s you to copy, kill, list,
execute, and rename files at the touch of a key. Includes a
full featured sector editor. Many other features. $20

GAT BACKUP

The ultimate CoCo III backup utility that can backup the
granules in use, a section of the disk, make multiple copies,
and copy 35 tracks in two passes -- fast. $15

JUBILEX

A fast paced arcade game that requires skill and quick
thinking. You can modify and improve your weapon system.
Requires joystick, CoCo III, and disk drive. $25

All programs are 100% machine language. For an extra $5
you can get the source file with the program (price of
ROOTS includes source file). We pay shipping and sales
tax. Write for more information, or send check or money
order to:

GSW Software
8345 Glenwood
Overland Park, KS 66212

Listing 2: COPY

10 CLEAR 2000

20 INPUT" SOURCE DRIVE" ; SO

30 INPUT " TARGET DRIVE";OB

40 SC=3

50 FL=0

60 F=-l

70 IP F=0 THEN 190

80 DSKI$ SO,17,SC,A$(l) ,A$(2)

90 FOR X=l TO 2

100 A$-A$(X)

110 FOR Y=l TO 128 STEP 32

120 T$=MID$ ( A$ i t , 8 ) +» * "+MID$ ( A$ ,

Y+8,3)

130 IF MID$(T$,1,1)=CHR$(255) TH
EN F=0:GOTO 150

140 IF MID$(T$,1,1)<>CHR$(0) THE
N PRINT"COPYING fl ;T$:COPY T$+":"
+MID$(STR$(SO) ,2) TO T$+":"+MID$
(STR$ (OB) ,2) :FL=FL+1
150 NEXT Y
160 NEXT X
170 SO=SC+l
180 GOTO 70

190 PRINT FL; "FILES COPIED."

MJK & MJK3 DOS

REVIEWED JAN 1989

WHY BUY ADOS 3

WHEN YOU CAN HAVE THIS!

RrVIFhJCO

JAM 1111

RAINBOW'

MJK DOS for COCO l.A I
MJI.3 DOS foi COCO 3
Most powerful operating system
up to 3 DS-80 track drives or
drives are software

w no

tf£ CoCq

$29 95
$39 95

for tfi/P CoCo ever' Ailovr
35/iOT drive? The DS 80

configurable to
Standard Radio Shack* 35T format in ntHnr to
maintain compatibility Wildcard DIR. COPY & CILL in noe run or
one at a time upon user prompt Alt the files can be displayed
alphabetically including the date that the file vnz saved Use
the powerful CHAIN command to use programs of any length
Ore the built in FULL SCREEN EDITOR to allov fast and easy
program modification Fully spelled out error names Hit one
key to repeat the last command

40 NEW COnn»4JNDS & FUNCTIONS^ chain. aOTO date
CAT (tvo columns of directory vitb only the filenames &
extensions) VAIT. EUKM. BA0D. HN D, OLD. DATE*, (string in
baste program). LCOPY (groups of basic liner). REPL (to
replace a string). TYPE (list a tent file on icr Reo/pripter)
SPLIT or JOIN basic lines. SAY for real spoken test, vord peek
& poke and many more

♦ALLOVS YOU TO R E A D/ VB I T E/FOfi M A T 35/40 DISKS ON A RUT DRIVE*
+ EPROMABLE ****** •* + + TREE OPDATES FOE 1 YEAR »»* ' .

niK512 DOS(COC03 5121C) $49 95

BUILT IN RAM DISK AND RAM TEST COMMANDS

Monitor-Disassembler (COCO 1. 2&,3) $29 95

Source-Code Generator /La bel Genera tor (COCOI .£& ,3) $39 95

JB REMOTE rs-232 pack driver for bbs etc. (C0C01. 2. A3) $19 95
NEVKEY (COC03) new key sean--gtves you true ALT & CTRL $15 00

NEVKEY232(C0C03) — JB REMOTE and NEVKEY in one package $25 00

fiTC -real time hardware clock for the coco 1.2. A3 $35 00

cxhxted Tint otter*

K.ETUB.N yOUft OCD ,4DOS3 DTSK -4ND DOCS *4 NTJ

get $1500 off youn. niic5i2 dos t G\vt you

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CALL OR VRIT E (COD ORDERS 01)

COCO CONNECTION OE PHlLA. T>A
SQ03 fi ST
PHXLA.. VA 19120
PHONE= 215 457 1809 VOICE ^ND DATA
COnPUSEJtVE ID- 72317, 437(LE.4l>E PHONE*)
DELPHI XD : COCOCONNECT

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 113

Delphi Bureau

Starting a new year is always exciting.
It's a time for figuring out what we did
right or wrong during the year, and
deciding what we can do to make things
better during the new year. Many peo-
ple find that the areas of time scheduling
and time management usually need
improvement. All of us want extra time
to do the things that we must do and do
the things that we want to do. Let's take
a quick look at a few ways Delphi can
help you use your time more efficiently.

Scheduler and Diary Software

Many people have asked about the
Diary and Appointment-Scheduler
features of the conference software. The
Diary feature is fairly self-explanatory,
but the Appointment Scheduler de-
serves some mention. I use the scheduler
to remind me about family members'
birthdays, dentist appointments, car
maintenance items and other important
dates. I just enter the date, a time and
some sort of a memory jogger. The
system will do the rest — it will re-
member the important dates for you.

When I log onto Delphi, the Appoint-
ment Scheduler will tell me if 1 have
appointments that day. This happens in
much the same way that a user is no-
tified about waiting Mail. Just enter the
Conference area to check your personal
appointment scheduling system.

To get to the appointment scheduler,
type /DI from the conference prompt,
and type RPPOINT at the scheduler
prompt to get to your personal appoint-
ment scheduler. Follow the menus to
add, delete or list your personal ap-
pointments. You may even create ap-
pointment entries for the next few years
if you want.

To access the diary portion of the
scheduler, type DIRRY at the scheduler
prompt. From there, you may add,
delete or list diary entries just as you
would do in a written diary. The diary
software will ask for a date and then
allow you to type in the diary entry.
When finished, press CTRL-Z; the system
tells you that your entry was successful.

To list a diary entry, enter LIST at the

Don Hutchison is an electrical engineer
and lives in Atlanta, Georgia. He works
as a senior project engineer involved in
the design of industrial control systems.
On Delphi, Don is the Database Man-
ager of the rainbow Co Co SIG. His
Delphi username is DONHVTCHISON.

Features, guides and
games on Delphi

Who Has
the Time?

By Don Hutchison

CoCo SIG Database Manager

diary prompt. You'll be asked for a date,
then the diary entry for that date will be
displayed on your screen.

The data files for both the scheduler
and diary functions of the SIG software
are stored in your private workspace,
making them accessible only to you.
You may use Delphi's Mail feature to
send these files to another person, but
they remain private and inaccessible

unless you choose to reveal their con-
tents to another.

Ordering Delphi Information

Delphi offers two primary references
for its users: a complete, bound guide
to the service, and a command card. To
order either one of these references,
type: Go Using Manuals. You'll be able
to choose between either of the two
sources from the menu there.

Delphi: The Official Guide, by Mi-
chael A. Banks (KZIN) is a hard-bound,
500-page book designed to get you "up
and running" on Delphi and to serve as
a reference source. In its pages, you'll
find everything you need to know to get
the most from your time on Delphi.
Delphi: The Official Guide, is a Brady
Book, published by Prentice Hall Press.
It is a complete resource for Delphi
services. The manual includes descrip-
tions of menus, time-saving tips for the
advanced user, an index of Delphi
services, a Dial-Up Guide, a technical
reference section, a trouble-shooting
guide, a glossary of terms and a Com-
mand Reference Card.

You can order this reference book for
$19.95 plus $3 S/H. You may also

Database

This was an interesting month for us
online in the RAINBOW CoCo SIG. If
RAINBOWfest weren't enough, we also
began developing our own CoCo virus
online. Join us online as we playfully
generate our own, special benign version
of a Trojan horse. It promises to be
interesting.

Let's take a look at the programs and
information uploaded to the RAINBOW
CoCo SIG this month:

OS-9 Online

In the General topic area, Roger
Krupski (HARDWAREHACK) posted an
overview of the SCSI standard for hard
drive systems. Marty Goodman (MAR-
TYGOODM AN) posted a reply from the
RAINBOW SIG staff on Delphi to some
statements made in Dale Puckett's Oc-
tober RAINBOW column (Page 14) re-
garding the use of CoCoBin on Delphi.

Steve Clark (STEVECLARK) posted

some she 11 scripts in the Applications
topic, and Marc Genois (M ARCGENOIS)
uploaded Version 2.0 of Shell*.

In the Utilities topic, Roger Smith
(SMUDGER) sent us his utility for delet-
ing files from a directory without deleting
the directory itself. While Mike Huskey
(KINGTRENT) uploaded a set of fast
RAM disk utilities, Bruce Isted (BRU CE-
ISTED) uploaded revised versions of Bob
Santy's PC-to-OS-9 file transfer utilities.
Bruce also posted a file descriptor editor,
a disk sector tester and a boot file link
utility. Jim Hollier (PGJIM) uploaded a
set of utilities to aid aspiring pro-
grammers in conceptual programming.
Merle Kemmerly (TOOK3) sent us his
text file dump utility and a program
similar to PROCS, which gives informa-
tion about a process. Finally, Eric Crich-
iow (HYPERTE) posted Shell Mate , &
directory utility.

The Patches topic includes Roger

114 THE RAINBOW January 1 989

purchase The Guide at many fine book-
stores including B. Dalton, Coles and
Waldenbooks. The book will quickly
pay for itself in reduced online charges
since youll be able to research most
items offline, then go directly to the
places of interest to you.

In addition to The Guide, another
reference source, the Delphi Command
Card, is available for $2 from Delphi.
This card is a handy reference for
getting around on Delphi. The com-
mand card lists the major features and
services of Delphi in a condensed for-
mat. While the card is intended as a
quick reference vehicle for experienced
users, it is an ideal tool for all Delphi
telecommunicators.

Playing Scramble

The Scramble word game, intro-
duced in the conference area of Delphi
a few months ago, has proved to be a
very popular real-time, multiuser game.
Masquerading under the username of
GAME in the conference area of the
CoCo SIG, the Scramble game is in-
stantly available to all CoCo SIG users.
Enter the conference area, then join the
group containing user GAME. You'll be

greeted with a short introductory mes-
sage about the main features of the
game software, then told that entering
the command GO will activate a 90-
second round of Scramble.

■ * A'

■ y '- ■' 5" V

u The

word game
proved to be a
very popular real-
time, multiuser
game. "

Once you start a game, you'll have 90
seconds to make as many words as you
can out of the 16 letters provided. Press
RETURN to rescramble the same letters

or to see them again if they scroll off the
screen. Doing this usually results in
more exciting games since the available
letters are displayed in a different order,
so users are allowed to gain a fresh
perspective on available letter combina-
tions. The longer the length of your
words, the higher their point value. For
example, three-letter words are worth
nine points, five-letter words are valued
at 25 points, eight-letter words are
valued at 64 points, and so on.

Use the /TOP command to see the top
scores and /RECENT to see the recent
scores. Be wary of SIG members like
manager Jim Reed (J1MREED), Belinda
Kirby (kirby), John Lancas (DUSTIN),
Art Flexser (ARTFLEXSER) and Bob
Fried (FRIED). These people are walking
dictionaries with high Scramble scores
to prove it.

When you have finished playing
Scramble, press CTRL-z to exit from the
game area. 1 think you'll enjoy Scram-
ble, so please give it a try. In addition
to increasing your word power, Scram-
ble is an outstanding way to meet other
Delphi users.

Season's Greetings from those of us
on Delphi. □

Smith, who uploaded a patch for the
DCheck module and Chris Burke (CO-
COXT), who posted the details of some
improvements in the CLS and PfiLETTE
commands for RSB users.

Tim Koonce(TlMKOONCE) presented
an interesting history of the evolution of
file transfer protocols in the Telcom
topic. Bill Brady (OS9UGED) posted
WIZ Professional as well as some up-
dates to it.

In the Graphics & Music topic, Glen
Hathaway (HATHAWAY) uploaded three
archived pictures, and Ken Groen (4GIL-
LIGAN2) posted a collection of several
VEF pictures.

Finally, in the Programmers Den
tSpic, Chris Burke uploaded an experi-
mental source archive program.

CoCo SIG

In the General topic area, .lames Wil
cox (2USER) provided a humorous text
file describing the results of a "hairy"
census, and Joe M. Villarreal (VILLAR-
REAL) uploaded his thoughts on the
Commodore computer,

David Mills (DAVIDM1LLS) posted
another nude freehand drawing from

Brad Bansner in the CoCo 3 Graphics
topic area. James Farmer (MODEM-
MASTER) posted many digitized shots of
the successful launch and landing of the
space shuttle Discovery. I (DON HUTCHI-
SON) uploaded the October '88 CoCo
Gallery pictures, and Bob Wharton
(BOBWHARTON) sent us more of his
popular rock art drawings.

The Utilities & Applications topic area
gave us Zack Sessions (ZACKSES-
SIONS), who posted a very complete
mailing list manager for all CoCos. In
addition, Jim Hickle (JIMHICKLE) sent
us a driver for using a DMP-132 printer
with Erik Gavriluk's Macintosh picture
viewer.

In the Hardware Hacking area, Marty
Goodman uploaded a set of new fonts for
the Word Pack 1. Marty also posted
some valuable information about 28- and
32-pin chip pin-outs. In addition, Donald
Ricketts (STEVEPDX) uploaded a text
file containing some comments about the
causes of certain disk crashes.

Kurt Stecco (HIGHRAILER) uploaded
a patriotic program that draws an Amer-
ican flag in the Classic Graphics area.

The Music and Sound topic area gave

us Mike Stute (GRIDBUG), who sent us
sl Lyra file called Rlchemy, and Mike
Carey (SPOOLFRAME), who posted his
version of "Blue Tango."

In the Product Reviews and An-
nouncement topic, Donald Ricketts
uploaded a comparison of VIP Writer 3
and Version 3.2 of Word Power, Roger
Krupski provided us with a file contain-
ing commonly-asked questions about the
RGB hard-drive system.

Finally, in the Data Communications
area, Jim Harrison (JIMHARRISON)
posted a customizing file to convert
Auto Term for use with RGB monitors.
Tim JCoonce posted the protocol specifi-
cations for the Zmodem and WXmodem
protocols. Tim also provided us with his
own version of the evolution of file
transfer protocols in general. (Tim if a
graduate student in computer science at
UC-Berkeley.) Ken Halter (KEN HAL-
TER) uploaded a file containing some
useful patches and KSMs for Version
6.1 D oiAutoTerm. Daniel Poirier (DIG-
ITIZER) posted some WEFAX pictures
of the earth as seen from a satellite.

That's it for this month. See you online
on Delphi!

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 115

«< GIMMESOFT »>

A new generation of Color Computer products

-..< v. •? .-j-yy.W . y

%*■</ ■ >«* .-, f.i 5.

RAINBOW

Digital Audio Sampler and Sequencer

into a REAL digital audio sampler with HIGH quality audio reproduction. Easily
add exotic effects, £CHO T stuttering, speed shifting, sequencing, and reverse audio to BASIC or ML
programs or GRAPHICS! Now includes Data Compression. Imagine recording any Voice, Music, or
Sound effect and being able to use these DIGITAL recordings in your own programs! 3 disk sides
includes: INTERFACT for sound effects. G&M/BAS • Adds sound effects to
Graphics. SHOWTIME and DEMO disks. SCOPE/BAS * Turns CRT into a Digital Oscilloscope to
look at MAXSOUND waveforms. Version 3.0 upgrade (Includes improved ECHO and the ability to
print NAMETAGS and locations to the screen and/or printer) $6.95 + Shipping & Handling

4J t ,/ -SuVrt

"Maxsound. . .bringing a new era to the CoCo Community"
-Cray Augsburg, June '88 Rainbow Review

•OVER THE PHONE* DEMO (128k or 512k CoCo HI only) SALE $49.95

Maxsound Soundtracks & Graphics

These exciting disks are samples of what can be created with MAXSOUND and CoCo Max III!
These unbelievable soundstracks w/graphics DO NOT require the MAXSOUND program to run.

Airwolf 128k $5.95 JtoSff^ War of the Worlds 512k $5.95

Knight Rider 128k $5.95 ^jjfMMp**- Warrior King Demo 512k $5.95

Startrek 128k $5.95 ^ Probe 512k $5.95

5 in 1 Demo (Airwolf, Startrek, Knight Rider, Probe, Other World) 512k $9.95

■ - -■

RAINBOW

CSKTIFXCATIUH
UN-

• ■'■f'i.i.

v..

■k- ■ i:

Communicate with VAX, UNIX, Mainframe, and BBS Systems!

VT-100, VT-52, Vidtex (includes RLE graphics display), and standard CRT emulations.
-Developed and tested on a UNIX system using the EMACS and VI full-screen editors.
-All 128 ASCII characters accessible from the keyboard.

-Uses a high-resolution graphics screen to implement a highly readable 80-column screen.
-Menus can be operated concurrently with other terminal functions. (Disk Basic!)
•Full 28 line by 80 column screen, with 3 bottom lines protected for menus.
-Serial port up to 2400 baud, RS-232 Pak up to 9600 baud, DCModem Pak at 300 baud.
-X Mod em, XModem-CRC, Y-Modem, and ASCII file transfers directly to disk or memory.
-Prints disk or buffer files with settable margins, baud rate and word wrap.
-Full 128k or 512k support with a RAMDISK like buffer. Monochrome monitor support.
-Capture buffer, Snapshot, Conference mode, 35/40/80 Tracks, and over 56 pages of docs!

the most versatile and full featured terminal emulators for the CoCo 3."
-Bryan Gridley, November '88 Rainbow Review

Vcreion 02.00.00 upgrade $6.95 + S&H Disk (128k or 512k CoCo m only) ...... $39.95

. . .one

■MM

Toll Free

1-800-441-GIME

Order line

Technical assistance: 7pm to 9pm
Orders: 9am to 9pm Eastern time
On-line orders and up to date
information: Delphi's CoCo 5 Kg

G1MMESOFT
P.O. Box 421
Perry Hall, MD 21128
301-256-7558 or 301-256-2953

Add $3.00 for shipping and handling
Add $2.50 for COD (USA only)
MD residents add 5% sales tax
VISA/ /Check/ Money Order /COD

«< GJMESOFT »>

A new generation of Color Computer products

TdePak + t 0 * 00 1/n/n, > A TRULY COMPATIBLE RS-232 INTERFACE!

Now, from Orion Technologies, comes the answer to the continuing demand for an RS-232 interface. No
compatibility hassles) Uses standard DB25 cable. Compatible with RS-DOS & OS-9 software. Baud rates up to 19,2001
Enhances the Multi-tasking capabilities of the V-Term Terminal Emulator found on the opposite page. Only $49.95

CoCo Max III < CoCo 1,1 4S£$^ MAX-1 0 (CoCo 111 onIy)

THE BEST Graphics Package ^^^^^ THE DAZZLING Desktop Publisher

See April '88 review. Disk ... $69.95 Holiday Sale Ends January 15th! CM3 owners -$10 Disk ... $69.95

fZ I? A Pf-ffl^ C < 512k 0000 1,1 onJ y) Great with MAXSOUND and/or CoCo Max HI!

Ullfir nJI^J*4u ijp to 25 ONBOARD HIRES SCREENS! Six new BASIC commands. Fast & Smooth
Graphics animation. Save and Load graphics screens to and from disk. See September 1988 Rainbow review. Disk $19.95

MULTI-LABEL JH (CoCo 111 only) See July 87 review. An easy to use, versatile label creating program
including many new CoCo 111 features. Print multiple fonts on each label! This one's a MUST for the CoCo HI!! Disk .... $16.95

JfJvIS Y 111 (CoCo I/I1/11I) See April '87 review. A user friendly, programmable function key utility that creates up to 20
function keys. EDITOR, DOS mods. Single or Double sided, 35/40 tracks, DISABLE, and it's EPROMable!. Disk $19.95

S1XDRIVE (CoCo 1/U/lH) This machine language utility modifies DECB 1.0, 1.1, FKEYS HI, or ADOS to allow the
use of 3 double-sided drives (or 2 D/S drives and J&B's RAM DISKS) as 6 S/S drives. Disk $16.95

AUTO DIM! (Co Co HI only) See Jan. '88 review. This hardware device protects your monitor, or TV from IMAGE
BURN after a few minutes of inactivity from your keyboard. Illustrated and easy to install. Hardware $29.95

MPI-CoCO Locking Plate (CoCo 111 only) See Sept '88 review. Protects your CoCo 111 and Multi
Pak Interface from destroying each other! Please specify MPI number 26-3024 or 26-3124 when ordering! SALE $7.95

TP P T^cro

Warrior King (CoCo HI only) Become Rastann, Warrior King, on the quest to regain his rightful

crown hidden deep within a sinister land. Battle monsters, gain magic & weapons, and travel thru harsh wilderness &
dark castle dungeons in this medieval realm. From the creator of Kung-Fu Dude comes this awesome arcade game for the
CoCo HI! Uses the most detailed 320 x 200 16 color graphics & high speed ML code to vault you into a world of fantasy! Dare
ye challange the many perils ahead to become Warrior King? Requires 128k CoCo HI, Disk drive, and Joystick .... $29.95

HALL OF THE KING TRILOGY (CoCoI/U/Ul) See December 1988 Rainbow review. The epic
adventure is back! The largest adventure campaign ever seen for the CoCo is again available. A total of 6 DISK SIDES of
intense graphics adventure will have you playing for weeks! Each section is a 2 disk stand alone adventure, but all 3 together
form an epic saga! Quest for the legendary Earthstone in the ancient dwelling of the dwarves while you enjoy the classic
graphics that made this trilogy famous! Each adventure can be purchased separately for only $29.95, the lowest price ever , or
you can SAVE and purchase the entire set for only $74.95. Requires 64k, Disk drive, (and composite monitor for the CoCo HI).
Please specify HALL of the King I, H, or 111 $29.95 each or the entire 6 DISK Trilogy for only $74.95

In Quest of the Star Lord (CoCo HI only) See Aug '88 review. This is THE graphics

adventure for the CoCo HI! Unparalleled 320 x 200 animated graphics will leave you gasping for more! You quest for the
Phoenix Crossbow in this post-holocaust world of science and fantasy. Full 4 Disk sides of mind-numbing adventure!
Requires 128k CoCo HI and Disk drive. HINT SHEET $3.95 (+ $1.00 S&H by itself) Disk $34.95

KUNG-FU DUDE (CoCo I/ll/III) See Feb. '88 review. An exciting arcade game. The BEST karate game ever for
the CoCo! Destroy opponents and evade obstacles as you grow ever closer to your ultimate objective! Spectacular graphics,
sound effects, and animation! Requires 64k, Disk drive, and Joystick. Now displays color on CM 8. Disk $24.95

PYRAMIX (CoCo HI only) See Dec. '87 review. Brilliant colors, sharp graphics, and hot action in this 100% ML arcade
game. You'll enjoy hopping Kublx around the pyramid, avoiding Kaderf, Smack, Smuck, & the Death Square! Disk .. $19.95

JbisZLAD&D Character's Como aniOfl (CoCo 1/U/m) This great tlmesaving

^P^^ utility helps create compatible AD&D characters. Includes aice rolling routine, pick ability, race & class. Buy from
the Players Handbook, magic items & spell materials. Save, load, and print character info. 3 Disk sides .... $24.95

White Fire of Eternity (CoCo 1/U/HI) See Dec '86 review. Enter the era of monsters & magic. Search for the
legendary power of White Fire throughout the Forbidden Wood & Dark Caverns in this 64k animated adventure! Disk.. $19. 95

Champion (CoCo I/II/IU) See May '87 review. Become a superhero in this action adventure! Disk.. $19.95
DragOn Blade (CoCo l/ll/lll) See Nov '86 review. Slay evil dragon in this 64k animated adventure! Disk.. $19,95

1 Softwar e
Max-10

Don't bother reading the last line of
this review first* I'll tell you up front: If
word processing is any measurable frac-
tion of your usage of your Color Com-
puter, give some serious consideration to

■ buying Max-10 y the only true "what you
see is what you get" word processor avail-
able for the CoCo 3, Dave Stampe and

IColorware have done an incredible job of
providing power, flexibility and speed in a
program that is as easy to use as it is to
pronounce!

I have been using a wide arsenal of
personal computers for many years, and
what I do more of than anything else is
prepare text. Memos, programs, training
manuals, reviews for RAINBOW, and my

CoCo 3

feeble attempts at the Great American
Novel have dribbled off my fingertips
through a variety of word processors and
text editors. Max-10 takes a back seat to
none, and is beyond comparison with most.

Max-10 operates through a combina-
tion of keyboard control and pull-down
menus. This is not an easy combination to
pull off. A good word processor should be
easy to use, but I have found that if I can
instinctively use every feature in a pack-
age, it is either inflexible, terribly light on
features, or abysmally slow; sometimes all
three. It is somehow comforting, then, to
be able to use a new program extensively
(and productively) without bothering with
the manual, but knowing that some of its

capabilities will remain a mystery without
at least a little reading. Max-10 succeeds
in striking that balance.

To begin using Max-10* it is first nec-
essary to install two special pieces of hard-
ware that come with the package. The
first of these is a Hi-Res joystick module,
which plugs into the right joystick port.
The joystick then plugs into the Hi-Res
module. Once installed, it is easily forgot-
ten, until you tum off Max-10 and try to
play a video game! Fortunately it is in-
stalled (or removed) in seconds, and pro-
vides for smooth and rapid cursor move-
ment.

The other piece of hardware is the
Clicker, which plugs into the cassette port.
The Clicker serves as a hardware key,
without which the program will not load.
This enables the disk itself to be left free of
annoying copy protection, which prevents
the user from making a backup copy for
personal use. The Clicker can be left in-
stalled as long as you don't need to use the

118 THE RAINBOW January 1 969

cassette port; it has no effect on the opera-
tion of other software.

With the hardware in place and a backup
copy of the masterAfa-t-JO disk made, the
next step is to run the CONFIG program in
order to tailor Max- 10 to your hardware.
This program can be run at any time, easily
making changes to accommodate your
hardware. The information requested in-
cludes monitor type, color set, clipboard
drive, dictionary drive, printer baud rate
and printer type.

The monitor type you enter can be
either composite, RGB or monochrome. I
tm Max-10 with all three (simultaneously!)
and found the display clear and readable
with each. After entering the monitor type,
you are shown the default screen colors
and given the opportunity to adjust them to
your own tastes. The actual palette values
for both foreground and background colors
are displayed on a corner of the screen;
using the arrow keys, you can experiment
with every possible combination. As you
scroll through the numbers from 0 to 63,
the screen display changes colors right
along with you. I had lots of fun experi-
menting with this before finally deciding
that the default black on white suits me
best!

When editing text with Max-10 , mate-
rial can be "cut" from one part of a docu-
ment and then "pasted" into another. When
text is cut, it is stored on the "clipboard."
The clipboard is in RAM when you're
using a 512K CoCo 3 and on disk when
system memory is 128K. The CONFIG
program enables you to specify which disk
drive will hold any material cut from the
text. Even on a 5 1 2K system this is signifi-
cant, as you can save the clipboard perma-
nently, enabling you to paste it into any
document at any time.

Similarly, the spelling checker allows
you to permanently store personal diction-
ary files, and CONFIG asks which drive
these should be on. Printer baud rate is
prompted for next, followed by type of
printer. Max-10 has drivers for IBM/Ep-
son compatible printers, DMP-105, 106
and 130, CGP-220, Gemini/Star and OKI92.

Once the CONFIG program is run,
enter RUN"MAX" and immediately start
entering text. Across the top of the screen
is a menu bar, giving access to the follow-
ing categories of commands: File, Edit,
Search+, Layout, Font and Style.

The File menu provides a variety of
functions for file manipulation. A new
document can be initiated, an existing one
loaded, or the current one saved Straight

ASCII saves and loads are supported,
making it very easy to import any existing
file into Max-10*

Also provided in the File menu are
commands for seeing a directory of the
current file drive (the drive being used to
store documents), changing the file drive,
printing the current document, and delet-
ing a file from the file drive. This last
function is one that is enormously useful —
and painfully absent from many other word
processors*

A number of the menu selections re-
sult in a "dialog box" appearing on the
screen, which enables you to enter addi-
tional information required by that com-
mand. The print command is an example
of this, as it asks you to indicate what print
mode to use. Having only one type of
printer, I don't know if this particular
dialog box looks different for other system
configurations, but with my DMP-130 it
gives me a choice of four different print
modes, from draft to full graphic output.
All modes functioned beautifully.

The Edit menu gives access to cut,
copy and paste functions, as well as sev-
eral commands for accessing and manipu-
lating the clipboard. Also provided is the
ability to paste an entire existing file into
the current file.

The Search+ menu includes search-
ing and replacing commands, along with
access to the spelling checker, key click
enable/disable, and page preview, among
others. Page preview is one of the most
significant features of Max-10* It enables
you to see each page as it will look when
printed, prior to actual printing. The text
itself is even legible in page preview when
using some of the larger fonts. Even with
small fonts it is easy to make out the
context of the pages. Page preview is a tool
that results directly in a great deal of saved
paper and reduced frustrations, because it
is not necessary to print the document to
see what it looks like in total.

Another very nice feature accessed
through the Search* menu is called "About
..." It displays information about the size
of the document being edited, in bytes,
words, paragraphs and pages, and also
indicates how much free RAM remains.
This is another of those features I so often
wish I had when using the Macin ... er, the
computer I use at wodc.

The Layout menu contains commands
pertaining to the physical orientation of
the document. Page breaks can be in-
serted, page numbering specified and page
headers and footers displayed and edited
Your document can be printed in one, two

From Joysticks to Word Processors

Founded some 12 years ago, Alpha
Products came into being to fill a needed
niche in the blossoming personal computer
market, in the area of input and output
devices. It was Alpha Products who devel-
oped and marketed the first (and for several
years, the only) joystick for the TRS-80
Model I computer. From voice synthesizers
to xelay cards, the products have kept coming,
and the "Amazing A-Bus" is among many
currently offered for IBM, Apple, and, of
course, Tandy computers.

It was with CoCo Max that the com-
pany made the leap to software, and Color-
ware was formed. Despite the success of
CoCo Max I, II and ///, there were origi-
nally no plans to pursue the software side of
the business much further. But the concept
of Max-10 was a challenge, and the Color-
ware team took it up.

It was Dave Stampe, though, who

carried the bulk of the project through many
long nights, and over three years of devel-
opment. Although similar in appearance,
there was very little portable code that
cou Id be moved from CoCo Max III to Max-
10 , and almost everything had to be rewrit-
ten from scratch. Integrating the menus
from the various modules was a major
headache, and speed was constantly a con-
cern. With the entire display done with bit-
mapped graphics, every millisecond has
meaning. Many perfectly good sections of
code were rewritten to shave off excess
execution time.

It is said that hard work is its own
reward, but in this case, anyway, the re-
wards go beyond the feeling of accom-
plishment.Afox-./0 is yet another example
of the power and capabilities inherent in
the Color Computer — provided there are
talented people to draw them out. □

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 119

or three columns using the Define Col-
umns command in the Layout menu. Set-
ting up a multi-column document is quite
simple, and it is lots of fun watching it
come up in Page Preview.

"The Style menu
lets you assign
specific letter signs,
such as bold, italics,
or underlining, to
selected areas
of text 99

Another significant feature of Max-
10 , found in the Layout menu, is the "raler."
While editing text, a graphic ruler can be
displayed above any selected position in
the text. The ruler is used to specify things
like line spacing, side margins, tab posi-
tioning and justification for all text imme-
diately below the ruler to the end of the
document, or to the next ruler. New rulers
can be inserted as often as needed in order
to have different structures in different
paragraphs.

The Font menu presents a choice of
six available fonts. For those of you new to
word processing, a font is "a specific style
in which letters, numbers and punctuation
marks are drawn," according to the glos-
sary in the Max-10 manual. Additional
fonts are available from Colorware and
can easily be loaded into Max-10.

The Style menu lets you assign spe-
cific letter styles, such as bold, italics, or
underlining, to selected areas of the text.

The features I've described so far are
certainly sufficient to have earned Max- 10
a spot in the Word Processing Hall of
Fame. However, the folks at Colorware
were not content to stop there. They took it
an extra step and built in the capability to
paste graphics into the body of a docu-
ment. A separate program on the Max-10
disk is used to translate a picture from
CoCo Max /, // or ///, MSG, BASIC
PMODE 4, or HSCREEN2 or 3 format
into a file that can then be inserted in your
document with the Paste File command.

The picture translation program pro-
vides abundant onscreen explanation of
the process, and enables you to resize the
picture, if you want, in order to fit it into
the document.

I did have some difficulty in attempt-

ing to import a PMODE4 picture into
Max-10, but the folks at Colorware were
very helpful in putting me back on the
right track. Once in the document, the
picture can again be resized, and there is
even a menu command that compensates
for the difference in how graphic pixels are
displayed and how they are printed, ena-
bling you to see onscreen exactly what
you'll see on paper.

My review copy of Max-10 came with
an older version of the manual and an
addendum explaining the most recent fea-
tures, the spelling checker and multi-col-
umn printing, as well as some minor changes
in the menus. The updated manuals are
now available and will be included in all
packages sold, but alas, too late for me to
look at before this review goes to press.
The older manual is quite clear and easy to
use. I did find a couple of goofs in it (like
one section that ends in mid-sentence), but
I am told these are being corrected in the
new version.

The only complaints I can come up
with regarding this delightful package are
quite minor. The program always comes
up with key-click enabled. While it is
simple to turn off, it is a pain to have to do
so every time, and I can't stand key click.
The *+' in the Search+ menu appears to
be a license to dump everything in there
that doesn't have a home of its own. This
is annoying for a while, then forgotten as
you simply get used to it.

The spelling checker, while very
powerful and flexible, displays every word
on the screen as it checks it. This lets you
see that the program is actually working,
but it also slows down what is already by
necessity a slow process. Finally, in the
picture translation program, there is no
option in the main menu that takes you
back to BASIC. Menus that won't let you
out are a personal pet peeve of mine.

Despite these few little gripes, the
bottom line on Max-10 is this — buy it,
you'll like it!

(Colorware, 242- W West Ave, Darien, CT
06820, 203-656-1806; $79.95)

— Jim K. Issel

1 Softwar e

CoCo 1.2&3

MJK-DOS
A Different
Environment

»3

As we all know, OS-9 has become the
reigning king of the CoCo 3, but let's not
forget that Disk BASIC is out there for us
basic BASIC nuts and beginners. If you
fall into either one of these categories,
MJK-DOS for the CoCo 1 , 2 or 3 is just for
you. It has eveiything you will need, whether
you have a Color Computer 1 or a CoCo 3
with 512K, and it is an essential tool to
help tame the CoCo beast.

MJK-DOS is provided with a well-
written and easy-to-understand manual,
though a complete list of commands can
be obtained from within the program itself
by typing HELP and pressing ENTER;
this will provide you with a list of all the
new commands and functions. I've fooled
around with other disk operating systems
since I've used CoCos, but none impressed
me as much as MJK-DOS did — it takes
your CoCo to a new level of versatility.

You can configure MJK-DOS to suit
your system's needs, whether you have a
CoCo 2 with a single-sided 35-track drive
or a CoCo 3 with 5 12K and three double-
sided 80-track drives. And with the 512K
RAM disk installed, you could have up to
a possible 2 Meg of online storage. With
Global Kill, Copy and Wildcard directo-
ries, managing any disk system is a breeze.

The program is provided on a non-
protected disk and is priced a little bit
higher than competitive products, but not
much higher. It's a small price to pay for
the quality offered. As of right now, MJK-
DOS is too large for any conventional
EPROM, but the programmer is working
on a board to put in the Multi-Pak Interface
that will contain MJK-DOS. (If you send
him a 24-pin or 28-pin EPROM, the pro-
grammer will send it back bumed in with
a small program that will auto-boot MJK-
DOS from Drive 0 every time you turn on
your machine.)

If you own a Color Computer 3 with
512K, count yourself lucky, because you
get the best deal of them all. MJK-DOS for
the CoCo 3 with 512K lets you use your
extra memory as a RAM disk; it also has
a very fine RAM test program installed
within. But even if you don't have a CoCo
3, be satisfied, because there is plenty of
great stuff in there for you.

The CHAIN command allows you to
carry variables from one program to an-
other, a feature excellent for running a
BBS that uses several programs. The JOIN

1 20 THE RAINBOW January 1 969

command allows you to join two or more
lines within a program. A full-screen edi-
tor makes line editing easy, and a modified
EDIT command makes line editing a simple
chore.

But wait — there's more. A baud
command allows a user-definable com-
mand to set the printer baud rate instead of
your having to type POKE 150,jpt. Auto
line-numbering helps us BASIC program-
mers to write with ease. Also, a command
has been added to view ASCII text files
with just one simple command. Another
new feature not found in the competition is
the DATE$ command, which will support
the MJK real-time hardware clock as ad-
vertised in the October '88 issue of THE
RAINBOW.

Though instructions are not provided
in the manual, the configuration program
is well-written and fairly simple to use.
You will be prompted with a brief set of
instructions after running the program. If
you have two double-sided drives awl would
tike to make another device (Drive 4) as
space for a RAM disk, it allows you to.
You are also asked to specify a boot-up
string that will be executed upon loading
and executing MJK-DOS.

After receiving MJK-DOS, my Color
Computer hasn't been quite the same. It's

more powerful, has more features andnow
is easily more comparable to some IBM
machines. Isn't that fantastic — our little
Color Computers playing with the big boys!
I cannot recommend this product strongly
enough — especially if you have aCoCo 3.

(CoCo Connection, 5003 B St, Philadelphia,
PA 19120, 215-457-1809; $49.95: First prod-
uct review for this company appearing in
THE RAINBOW.)

— Ed McCue

Upon loading, you are greeted with a
title page that displays the purchaser's
name and registration number. After press-
ing ENTER, you are presented with the
main menu, which lists 24 choices. Selec-
tions are made by pressing the appropriate
letter of your choice. Most functions work
withUistBASIC, Flex or MS-DOS disks,

Here 's an almost A to Z

Softwar e

CoCo 1,2&3

KDSK3 —

CoCo 3 All-In-One

Disk Utility

KDSK3 is everything you could want
in a CoCo disk utility. It's a "menu-driven
collection of disk utilities written exclu-
sively for the Color Computer 3." From
editing sectors to recovering crashed
directories, KDSK3 can do it. In addition
to a CoCo 3, it requires at least one disk
drive. An RGB monitor is highly recom-
mended, as is a printer.

ASCII Dump — prints the contents of a
specified sector to the screen in ASCII;
non- ASCII characters are blanked out for
easier reading. This option can be used to
find keywords and commands in a file.

Backup — performs a complete or par-
tial backup. The program will stop when it
encounters I/O Errors, allowing you to
note bad tracks and sectors. Backup can
also be used to test disks for bad sectors.

Copy — makes copying multiple files a
snap, and copies to "contiguous granules
whenever possible." It works with single
or multiple drives.

Dump Sector — displays a sector in
ASCII and hexadecimal. Again, non-ASCII
characters are blanked out.

BASIC UTILITY DISKETTE

A real time saver for the person who develops
software using COCO Basic.

— DUMPDIR: Prints a hard copy of a disk's
directory. No more searching one disk after
another looking for a lost file.

— DUMPCRT: Copies text from the screen to the
printer. Versions included for 40 and 80 column
COCO 3 text screens.

— DUMPFILE: Dumps any disk file to the printer.
Printout can be in either decimal or in hex values.

— CROSSREF: Prints cross reference of source
and destination line numbers for basic jump
instructions (GOTO, GOSUB, etc.).

— COMPARE: Reads two BASIC Programs from
diskette and compares them line by line. Lists all
lines that are not identical.

Requires COCO 2 or 3, disk and printer.
Order at $19.95 plus $2 p&h.
Calif, residents add $1.20 tax.

T.E.M. of California

Box 4311 RAINBOW

i- ., . ~ - . . _ . ^ CERTIFICATION

Fullerton, CA 92634-4311 seal

( COCO Stuff )

Hardware & Software

Specia l - Bare SSDD Half Height Drives - $69.95
Drive 1 Upgrades (26-3129 or 31 31) - $99.95
2 Drive System* (2 DSDD, 6ms) - $299.95
COCO 1 & 2 64K Upgrade - $19.95
Serial to Parallel Interface - $54.95
COCO 3 51 2K Upgrade - $1 89.95
ADOS - $29.95 ADOS 3 - $39.95
In Quest of the Star Lord - $34.95
Gauntlet - $28.95 Pyramix - $24.95
Art Deli (440 Pix on 10 Disks) - $99.95
Art Deli II (220 Pix on 5 Disks) - $49.95
Coco Max III - $79.95 Max 10 - $79.95
Dragonblade - $19.95 Sixdrive - $19.95
Kung Fu Dude - $24.95 Telewriter 64 - $59.95

"Drive System furnished with Disto Controller I
and carries a 90 day warranty. |

The Computer Center

551 2 Poplar Ave. Memphis, TN 381 1 9

901-761-4565

Add $4.90 for Shipping. Visa, Master Card, and Money Orders Accepted.
Allow 3 Weeks for Personal Checks. Prices may change without notice.
NO CODS. Orders outside 48 States please double Shipping Charge.

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 1 21

Edit Sector — allows easy editing (in
hexadecimal). Users make changes by plac-
ing the cursor and typing in new data; the
changes may be written to disk.

File Sort — sorts directory alphabeti-
cally and writes it back to disk; it supports
Disk BASIC format only.

Granule Table — displays the granule
allocation table in granules or tracks, and
also shows the amount of free space re-
maining on the disk.

Hex Dump — prints a sector's contents
to the screen in hexadecimal.

Initialize — initializes a disk, track or
sector. It's useful in repairing a single

sector, without rebuilding the rest of the
disk.

Job — toggles among Disk BASIC,
Flex or MS-DOS formats, for single- and
double-sided disks. (KDSK3 uses a unique
drive numbering scheme to access the
back side of a disk. Just add 4 to the
physical drive number. For example, Drive
4 is the back side of Drive 0.)

Kill — allows easy deletion of one or
more files.

Library — keeps track of all your files
and information about those files (file-
name, extension, size, disk ID, write-pro-
tected status, ML addresses, etc.) in a
master file, which can be sorted by disk,

MUL TI-FONT PRINTER

NX-1000

NEW

The NX-1000 gives you plenty of print
options for attractive printing. Four
typestyles. Four pitch sizes, in standard
and italics for a total of 32 NLQ modes. The
NX-1000 Rainbow gives you all these
features plus online access to 7 color
printing and graphics. Black, blue, red,
yellow, green, violet, and orange. Both
models have a 1 year warranty, nationwide
service and a 30 day online trial.

NX-1000 SYSTEM INCLUDES: ^

• Star NX-1000 Printer * 1 QQ^

• Blue Streak Ultima * WW

• Software Support Trio ^Shipping and Insurance

pp COMPLETE

NX-1000 RAINBOW SYSTEM INCLUDES:

NX-1 000 SPECS: 1 44 cps DraH, 36 cps NLQ (18x23 dot matrix),
4 NLQ Fonts, italics, Sub & Superscripts, Emphasized, Dou-
biestrike, Proportional, Condensed, International, Downloadable,
Quad Tall, Double Tall, Underline, 9+ Pitchs, Forward and Reverse
n/21 6* Line Feeds, Absolute or Relative Vert. & Horz. Tabs, Left,
Center or Right Justification, 8 Graphics Modes to 1 920 dpi, Macro
Instruction, Bidirection, Adjustable Tractor Feed, 200+ Printable
Characters, Semi Auto Sheet Feed, Front Panel Soft Touch
Control, Epson and IBM Emulate, 4k Data Buffer, Hex Dump.
Rainbow: Same plus color.

$ 284

• Star NX-1000
Colour Printer

• Blue Streak Ultima Shipping and lnsurance

• Software Trio COMPLETE

• Color Super Gemprint

oftware

ort Trio

SUPER
GEMPRINT

TYPE
SELECTION/
TUTORIAL

Online instructional program Will transfer a Pmode 0, 1, 2, 3, or

that wis select 24 special features 4 picture screen to printer 8'xW

of your printer or display methods hardcopy. Black/white, white/black

to incorporate them into your or grey level shading for coior.

HI-RES
SUPER
GEMPRINT

Disk software that will
transfer a Hscreen 1,2,3 or 4

picture screen to printer.
Grey level shading for color.

Software Trio

$1095

programs.

Price, availability and specifications subject to change without notice.

FREE

with purchase of any
NX-1000 Printer

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filename or extension. It includes a quick-
find feature and can send results to the
screen or the printer.

Mapped Directory — displays each
file and its granule information.

Number Find — searches screen dis-
play for selected hexadecimal numbers
(for use with Dump Sector, Edit Sector and
Hex Dump).

Options — allows modifications to be
made to screen colors, printer baud rate,
disk drive step rate, regular or double
speed, verify on/off, etc.

Password — encrypts and decrypts files
with a keyword you provide.

Quit — returns the user to BASIC and
removes the program from memory.

Recover Directory — recovers crashed
directories (if first saved with the Save
Directory option) and restores it to origi-
nal location (Disk BASIC format only).

Save Directory — saves the directory
in the upper half of the directory track.

Tracks — sets the maximum tracks and
sectors that can be accessed by the disk
drive.

Upload — transfers machine language
or BASIC programs from tape to disk,
displaying addresses.

View Directory — displays a disk di-
rectory five files across (Disk BASIC only).

Flex to RS — converts Flex files to Disk
BASIC format.

Examine Track — displays an entire
track of data, including control data.

In addition to the options that can be
invoked from the main menu, KDSK3 has
some other commands: By using the SHIFT-
CTRL combination, you can print what-
ever is on the screen; a press of the SHIFT-
Fl combination will send a memo of up to
512 characters to the printer. Fl saves the
current defaults of drives, baud rate, printer
control codes, disk access rate, etc. F2
displays help screens that users can page
through. On 512K CoCos, the help file
will stay resident in memory after it is first
loaded.

Also, KDSK3 uses windows and is
reset-protected. The program is set up ini-
tially for Star printers, but codes can easily
be changed for any printer. Practically

122

THE RAINBOW January 1 989

everything can be modified: the screen
colors, printer baud rate, disk drive step
rate, sides per disk, number of tracks per
disk and clock speed. KDSK3's manual is
included on-disk. It's very helpful and
easy to understand, taking the user step-
by-step through each of the program's
features.

Perhaps the best news about KDSK3
is its price — only $15. Also, the program
is distributed to registered owners of pre-
vious versions free of charge. KDSK3 is
my most-used utility. I think it will be
yours, too.

(Kenneth L. Wuelzer, 8535 Hwy. 291, Sal-
ida, CO 81201, 719-539-4724; $15: First
product review for this company appearing
in THE RAINBOW.)

— Lee Deueli

1 Software CoCo3 '

Mine Rescue —
Mission of Mercy

In Mine Rescue, an arcade game writ-
ten by Steve Bjork, you are a rescuer and
the last hope for miners who were over-
come by poisonous air that leaked into the
tunnels. The mission is to get a tank of
fresh air to each of the trapped miners in a
total of five mines. Each new mine you
enter is more difficult to negotiate than the
last.

You face a variety of obstacles, in-
cluding bats, snails, falling icicles and
acid, spiders, a banshee, and something
that looks like a sloshy blue mop. Some of
these creatures seem to have a homing
signal on you and will track you down. The
icicles hang quietly until they sense your
presence, then they begin to loosen and
fall — just make sure you*re not under
them when they do. Your defense consists
of a miner's pike that you can throw.

Mine Rescue is booted by typing
RUN"*". The screen prompts you for your
monitor type, RGB or otherwise, then the
title screen pops up.

In an options screen you can opt for
the number of players (one or two), the
level of difficulty (novice or expert) and
the "controller type" (keyboard or left/
right joystick). If you do not choose to
either start the game or decide on some
options, the program jumps into demo
mode, from which it can be recalled with a
key press.

You start the game by the mine shack,
which is also your ending point — the
place to which you will return when you
have "rescued" all the miners in that level.
If you attempt to go into the shack before
you have rescued them all, you are told in
no uncertain terms that you need to get
back out there and finish the job. Don't
think you'll get any sympathy — or extra
air tanks.

You proceed into the mine tunnels
using the joystick (or arrow keys) to ma-
neuver the rescuer up and down ladders,
over pits and other hazards. As you find
the miners, you give them a bottle of air
and continue the search until all of them
are found. You then return to the mine
shack before your own air runs out. You
will find more bottles of air as you move
about the tunnels, and you can use them to
replenish your air supply.

The graphics are very sharp and action
is smooth with joystick or keyboard. As
you would expect, the joystick takes you
left and right when you move it left and
right. The rescuer jumps when you press
the firebutton, and he crouches when you
pull the joystick down (all the better to
avoid flying bats). The playing screen

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appears as a window, which doesn't seem
to take away anything from the game, but
I personally prefer the playing area to be as
large as possible.

I have been playing arcade-style games
for many years and still do not consider
myself an expert, but I had no trouble
completing all five levels (mines) in the
first few days on both novice and expert
levels. With this in mind, I think the game
probably would not be very challenging to
the more advanced player. It would be
excellent for beginning to intermediate
level arcaders, however.

The documentation consists of a single,
double-sided typewritten page. It does a
fine job of explaining the features and
operation of the game.

The style of the game seems very
reminiscent of another program Bjork wrote
recently for Activision, Super Pitfall, The
goals of the two games are not the same,
but both are very similar — hopping around
in caverns, picking up "treasure," avoid-
ing ugly monsters. The joystick action is
similar. If you like the Pitfall-type pro-
grams, you should like Mine Rescue.

(Game Point Software, P.O. Box 6906, Bur-
bank, CA 91510, 818-566-3571; $24.95 in-
troductory special: First product review for
this company appearing in THE RAINBOW.)

— Barry Pottinger

1 Softwar es

CoCo 1,2&3

Good Games Trio
Computerized
Board Games

As its name implies, Good Games
Trio is a trio of games for the CoCo: ADJ,
Othello and Connect Five . You '11 need an
opponent, because these are two-player
games. All are written in BASIC and can
be backed up for safekeeping. 32K ECB is
required to play.

AD I, an age-old game made popular
in the African desert, was played origi-
nally with hardenedchunks of camel dung!
Fortunately, the author decided to clean up
the game by providing what look like
poker chips as viewed from the side. The
Hi-Res playing screen is divided into six
compartments, each containing four to-
kens. ADI is played by two people who
take turns selecting any one compartment
with the idea of distributing the chips in a
clockwise direction around the board,
placing one chip at a time until all are
distributed

In many cases, the last chip placed
will land on your opponent's side of the
board. If this compartment contains two or
three chips once yours is added, then you
get to capture the compartment. If the
compartment counter-clockwise to the one
you just captured contains two or three
chips, it will be captured, as well. This
continues until no more captures can be
made and play is passed to your opponent.

•

□

•

□

•

□

B C D E F G H

Othello might be a little more familiar
to CoCoists, as it is probably indigenous
more to the closets of American (and
Canadian) households than to the African
desert. Othello is a two-player game in
which opposing players place "tokens"
on a grid in such a way as to "capture"
their opponent's pieces.

Player 1 is assigned the white tokens,
and Player 2 the black. The game begins
with four tokens already placed in the
center on an eight-by-eight grid, whose
columns are lettered on the bottom and
rows numbered on the side. Player 1 starts
by pressing a letter (A through H) and then
a number (1 to 8) to place a taken so that it
is adjacent to an opposing token and in line
with another of its own. When those con-
ditions are met, any tokens of opposing
color sandwiched between two of the cur-
rent player's tokens are "captured." The
captured tokens then take on the color of
the tokens of the player who just did the
capturing. Sound confusing? It's not.

The game is over when all the game
pieces are converted to either one color or
another, or when no more tokens can be
placed. The player who conquered more
squares wins.

The programmer states in the docu-
mentation that by making the game board
smaller than "regulation" (eight-by-eight
as opposed to 12-by-12), the game is shorter,
more appropriate for tournaments, and left
with "little or no room for mistakes."
Also to help prevent mistakes is a nice bit
of error-trapping: You cannot make an
illegal move — cute sound effects advise
you if you try.

Connect Five, the third and final in-
stallment to this trilogy, should be equally
as familiar to CoCoists — especially those
who were bored in school and frequently

played the paper-and-pencil version. This
computerized version saves you from having
to draw the dots.

When you run CONNECTS, a 10-by-
10 grid pops up, labeled on the bottom
with the letters A through J. Press a letter
key and a token of your color glides down,
filling in the next available slot in that
column. The player who succeeds in plac-
ing five of his or her tokeas in a row diago-
nally, horizontally or vertically, wins.

Documentation on the trio is supplied
on a single page, folded into a handy
booklet. Also, there's a program called
LOGBOOK on the disk, and it contains
similar instruction, which can be LISTed
on the screen or LLISTed to your printer.

Good Games Trio is a fine collection
of games that runs nicely on my 64K CoCo
2 and on my 128K and 512K CoCo 3s.

(RCPierce Software, P.O. Box 1787, Main
Post Office, Edmonton, AB, Canada T5J
2P2, 403-474-8435; $19.95)

— David Gerald

1 Softwar e

CoCo 3

Flight Simulator
Scenery Disks —
Expanding
Your Horizons

For those of you who have purchased
subLOGlC's Flight Simulator II (Tandy
Cat. No. 26-3242), you will be glad to
know that your horizons have been ex-
panded — literally. subLOGlCis offering
two new scenery disk packages for your
CoCo flying pleasure: East Coast and
Western Europe scenery disks.

Each disk package includes enough
radio-navigation aids and visual scenery
to allow the user to navigate anywhere in
the sectional areas covered A typical scenery
disk covers three aeronautical sections and
includes approximately 100 airports and
100 radio-NAV aids. Instructions are pro-
vided in the documentation on how to read
a sectional directory, which provides the
user with a description of available air-
ports and radio-NAV aids, etc.

The East Coast package covers the
U.S. eastern seaboard, including Wash-
ington D.C., Charlotte, North Carolina,
and Jacksonville and Miami, Florida. The
Western European Tour covers the south-
em United Kingdom, northern France and
southern West Germany. Both of these
scenery disk packages are ready to run on

1 24 THE RAINBOW January 1 989

your CoCo 3 with a minimum of 1 28K and
the subLOGIC Flight Simulator II soft-
ware.

On single-drive systems, the flight
simulator is loaded in the usual way; but
after the program has loaded and you are in
the flight mode, you press F2 on the CoCo
3. At that point you remove the FS2 disk
and insert the appropriate scenery disk.
You then press the left arrow key and
ENTER. If necessary, position the right
arrow to point at the desired scenery area
of interest. After a very short time, the new
scene will be loaded into memory and you
press F2 again to get back to the flight
mode. A similar method is used with dual-
drive systems, but disk swapping is not
necessary.

I found these scenery disks to be a
very good complement to an already
delightful Flight Simulator II package. In
the Western European package, for in-
stance, one is able to fly over such famous
landmarks as Parliament, Buckingham
Palace and Westminster Abbey. Other
similar interests are provided in the por-
tion for France and West Germany. You
can even fly over Red Square in Moscow
without getting arrested!

These scenery disks from subLOGIC
are an excellent value for your money if

you are really interested in flying. I showed
these packages to a pilot friend of mine
and he was impressed with the maps and
navigational aids provided. These scenery
disks, in conjunction with Flight Simula-
tor II y provide flying opportunities that
many small-plane pilots may never have.

(subLOGIC Corp., Champaign, IL: Avail-
able in Radio Shack stores nationwide; West-
ern Europe and U.S. East Coast disks, $24.95
each)

— Jerry Semones

1 Software CoCo3 1

Armchair Admiral —
Battleship Played
Admirably

What naval battle game has withstood
the test of time on toy store shelves longer
than any other? I'm not sure, but I know
that Battleship by Milton Bradley has been
around about as long as I can remember.
As it happens, I can remember a ways
back.

Armchair Admiral, a first product from
Eversoft Games, Ltd., brings a Battleship-
style game to the CoCo 3, It comes on a
single unprotected disk and consists of an
eight-granule BASIC program . From the
advance package and the Eversoft adver-
tisement, it appears this game may be for
disk owners only. My quick listing of the
program did not immediately disclose any
disk-specific commands, so you may want
to contact Eversoft to see if it could be
made available to cassette-based CoCoists.

A letter enclosed with the disk ex-
plained that the two-page, single-spaced
printout of the rules was intended as a
rough draft. Eversoft promises that a pro-
fessionally rewritten and printed set of
rules is expected soon. Armchair Admiral
is easy and familiar, so I don't feel game
play wouldbestymiedeitherway. Perhaps
Eversoft will consider leaving the instruc-
tions as an ASCII text file on the distribu-
tion disk. [Editor's note: The documenta-
tion is finished and available now.]

Armchair Admiral permits play for
from two up to eight players. The way it is
designed, it can be played as a single-
player game also because it permits any or
all of the selected eight players to be
managed by either a person or the com-
puter. I wondered what would happen if 1

CoCo 3 owners! still using just RS-dos?
NO MORE EXCUSES!

Start OS-9

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4 ,

RUPERT RYTHYM by Nlckolas
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Help Rupert infiltrate "Music Box
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PI*-. : V.I*?!'

Rupert Rythym is a strategy ar-
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CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS PLEASE INCLUDE 6.5% SALES TAX

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 1 25

selected the two-player game and let the
computer move for both players. A sailin'
it went, playing the entire game by itself.
It was at that time I noticed that Armchair
Admiral was not taking potshots. It was
evident the computer was making intelli-
gent moves in an attempt to win the game.
A cute narrative accompanies the game
board action.

"1 wondered what
would happen if I
selected the two-
player game and let
the computer move
for both players.
A sailin 9 it went y
playing the entire
game by itself"

Just in case you've never played this
style game before, Armchair Admiral's
rules are simple. Each player hides four
ships on his map, which is composed of a
10-by-10 grid When all players' ships are
placed, each player takes turns calling out
grid locations on another player's map. If
the calling player is lucky enough to "fire"
on a location where the other player has
hidden a ship, the hidden ship sustains
damage by taking a hit. Each player has
four types of ships (sloop, caravel, brigan-
tine and galleon), which can sustain dam-
age ranging from two to five hits before
being sunk. You win when all of the oppo-
sition's ships are sunk. About the only
substantial change from the traditional
format is that Armchair Admiral permits
three shots per turn instead of one. This
gives it a neat, broadside feel.

As Armchair Admiral is written for
the CoCo 3, it's naturally got a lot of con-
veniences. For example, the computer will
take the work out of hiding your ships by
hiding them for you. And on any of your

turns, you can call up a tally of hits or
review the coordinates of previous hits.
You can even drop out of the game at any
time, letting the computer take over.

Armchair Admiral does not utilize
graphics, but Eversoft has still added m any
niceties to the standard game. The ships
are represented by letters (S for sloop, for
example) and the map grid points by peri-
ods. The game screen is filled with pleas-
ant, colorful windows that summarize the
13 available key commands or give status
reports. Because Armchair Admiral uses
80 columns, high resolution and is exclu-
sively text, it would be wise to consider
how well your monitor can handle this type
of display.

Overall, Armchair Admiral is a genial
update of an old genre. The Battleship-
type games are usually recommended as
being for ages 8 through adult, and I would
agree. Armchair Admiral is being offered
for $14.95, and at that price it certainly
makes an inexpensive addition to the Color
Computer 3's available game software
market and a swell gift foryoung admirals.

(Eversoft Games, Ltd, P.O. Box 3354, Ar-
lington, WA 98223, 206-653-5263; $14.95
plus $2 S/H: First product review for this
company appearing in THE RAINBO W*)

— Ernest F. Zore

I Softwar e SSulI

Ultra-Base —
A Database
for All CoCos

Ultra-Base is a database program. And
databases, as you know, provide a very
versatile and easy way to keep track of
information — names, addresses and tele-
phone numbers are good examples of what
can be stored. Databases can also be useful
to keep track of information concerning
items in an inventory or a household.

Ultra-Base can store up to 32K of
information and works on all models of the
CoCo, including the CoCo 3. The program
is supplied on either disk or cassette and
requires at least 64K of RAM. The pro-
gram is written in BASIC but uses ma-
chine language routines to improve speed
during sorting, searching and alphabetiz-
ing. The software is not copy-protected, so
you can make some backup copies for
safekeeping.

After the program loads, you are pre-
sented with the main menu, which dis-
plays a list of numbered commands that

allow you to not only create your own
customized database but to edit and main-
tain it, as well. A demo file included can be
loaded and manipulated to your heart's
content.

The first command, Search, lets you
search your database to find out some
particular item of interest. Edit Review is
used to add or change entries, or just to
quickly scan through a file in memory. (A
couple of handy keys to use here are the
*@ 9 key to scan forward and the 4 : ' key to
scan backward. The key is used to jump
back and forth between the beginning and
end of the file.)

Print provides a submenu from which
you can dump an entire file or just selected
parts to the printer. You can also select
one-up mailing labels if you need to print
them. Command 4, Load/Save, results in a
submenu that provides for loading and
saving to disk or tape.

The Append command lets you merge
files. Assuming you have some data in
memory, this command lets you combine
files to create one long, single file. You
can tell if you have enough room in memory
by watching the free space indicator at the
bottom of the main menu screen. The
Alphabetize command does just what you'd
think. You can alphabetize each entry by
either the first or last word; this would be
useful for names and cities and so forth.
Positive Number Sort sorts by any of the
categories you have previously established

The eighth command, Edit Headings,
lets you change the names of the catego-
ries, but Create File is where it all begins.
It 's simple to set up a database — you just
answer prompts that establish the various
categories.

Command 10, dear Memory, clears
memory of data but retains the latest cate-
gory names. Delete Catalog erases all entries
within the specified category, and Com-
mand 12, Quit, quits.

Ultra-Base incorporates another nice
feature — BREAK recovery. Should you
accidentally break out of the program, you
can restart it without losing any of the data
in memory by typing GOTO 7000. This
can be a lifesaver for tumble-finger typists
like myself.

Ultra-Base is a nice addition to any
CoCo enthusiast's software library. It is
user-friendly and easy to use once you
master the program structure and the logic
of the various commands. The price is
very reasonable for a program of this cali-
ber, and the program is sure to fit most
user's applications.

(Tothlan Software, Inc., Box 663, Rimers-
burg, PA 16248; $24.95)

— Jerry Semones

1 26 THE RAINBOW January 1 989

Radio Shack Has the Best in Color Computer Software*

Choose from a library of popular titles in
entertainment, education and productivity

At Radio Shack, we're dedicated
to making sure that you never run
out of ways to use and enjoy your
Color Computer. We've got a ter-
rific line of software of all types.

Let your Color Computer open
the door to a world of fun. Choose
from a dazzling selection of popular
and challenging games, including
Nintendo™ classics.

One of the most valuable poten-
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providing your children a head
start in their education. We've got

learning programs for children of
all ages that will provide hours of
productive fun! With this selec-
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No matter what your personal
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where you need it most — like per-
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spreadsheets and communications.

Send in the coupon for a free
copy of our 1989 Software Buyer's
Guide. Or pick one up at Radio

Radio Shack — your one-stop
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Send me a new 1989 Software Guide.

Mail to: Radio Shack, Dept. 89-A-709
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Joysticks (Pair)
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$179.00
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Hi-Res Joystick Intfce $8.00

AXX-7117CoCoIII,512K Bd $199.00
AXX-7123 Multt-pk Up-Old $12.00
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26-3031 OS-9 Level II
26-3032 OS-9Devel Sysv
26-3035 Multivue

COMPUTERS

25-1053 TANDY 1000HX
25-1600 TANDY 1000TX
25-1401 TANDY 1000SL
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25-3500 TANDY 14G0LT
25-4071 TANDY 3000HL
25-4072 TANDY 3000NL
25-5000 TANDY 4000
25-5100 TANDY 4000 LX

MONITORS

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25-1020 VM-4Mono. Mon. $95.00

25-1023 CM -5 RGB Mon. $220.00

25-1024 CM- 11 RGB Mon. $310.00

25-4035 EGM-1 Monitor $525.00

25- 3011 VM- 5 Mono. Mon. $115.00

26- 3215 CM-8 $248.00

HARD CARDS

20 Meg Hard Card

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30 Meg ZUCKER

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HARD DISKS

Seagate 20 Kg Kit

$299.00

Seagate 30 Mg Kit

$349.00

Seagate 40 Mg Kit (no Ctrl)

$399.00

FLOPPY DRIVE!

TEAC5 1/4 Disk-360kb

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TEAC 3 1/2 Disk-720kb

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5 1/4 Ext. Drive-HX/EX

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3 1/2 Ext. Drive-HX/EX

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5 1/4 Disk-360kb

$125.00

3 l/2Disk-720kb

$125.00

3 1/2 to 5 1/4 Adapter

S24.00

3 1/2 Disk- 720kb *TL*

$125.00

31/2 - 5 1/4 Adapter *TL*

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5 1/4 1.2M FDD Kit

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5 1/4 360K FDD Kit

S140.00

PRINTERS

DMP-106

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DMP-132

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DWP-230

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DMP 440

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LP1000 Laser

BOARDS

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Smart Watch

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Plus Upgrade Adapter Board

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Memory Plus Expansion BD

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$185.00

MODKMS

1200 Baud Pc Modem

$79.0Q

2400 Baud Half Cd Modem

$135.!®

Plus 1200 Baud PC Modem

$150.00

MISC

Serial Mouse

$36.00

Joystick - DELUXE

$24.00

Monitor Platform

$24.00

Ribbons r DMP-130

$8.00

Ribbons - DMP- 105/106

$5.50

Mips - R/S

$11.00

Disk Clean Kits

$5.00

Cover - DMP-105/6

$3.00

Cover - CoCo H/JH

$3.00

Cover - DMP- 130

$3.00

Bulk Erasers

$12.00

Flip n' Files w/lock
3- l'2 or 5- 1/4

$11.00

Library Case - Black

S 1 .SO,

Library Case -Tan

$2.00

Paper- Mini 20#

$4.00

Paper #15

$14.00

Paper #20

DISKS

$10.00

Tandy SS 5 1/4 Disks

$9.00

Tandy IXS5 1/4 Disks

$10.00

Tandy DS 3 1/2 Disks

$28.00

Winners DS/DD W/Libcasc

$7.50

Winners SS/DD W/Lib ease

$7.00

15%, &^ (fcoAia- htwck %ciaxLxjJ\&

?0% oj£ fltadfa hfuhcJk hc^luMiM

* 100% TANDY Warranty on TANDY products - Manufacturer's Warranty applies on all other items.

* FREE UPS shipping on orders over $50 (In the Continental US) - under $50 add $5 for shipping.

* The above prices are CASH prices - add 3% for credit cards. No COD's will be taken. Prices

may be slightly higher in our retail stores.

* All returns must have prior authorization and are subject to a re-stocking fee.

1 Book — — '

Security Projects
for the TRS-80
Color Computer —
CoCo Becomes
Watchdog

Does your CoCo sit in silence most of
the time? You know, after you're tired of
playing the games and have finished all
the word processing chores, does it just sit
there gathering dust? Well, there may be
something it can be doing while you're on
vacation or at work or doing the household
chores. How about turning your computer
into a CoCo watchdog? Give your com-
puter some teeth to do tedious chores like
turning lights on and off at certain times,
or setting off an alarm if someone enters a
room or breaks into your home.

A new booklet on the market called
Security Projects for the TRS-80 Color
Computer explains how you can build the
hardware interfaces for four security proj-
ects: a vacation light that monitors ambi-
ent light levels and turns a light source on

or off according to detected levels; a tem-
perature alarm that monitors temperature
and sounds a buzzer when the preset tem-
perature is reached; a sound-activated alarm
that activates a local alarm when a sound is
detected at a remote location; and an intru-
sion alarm that monitors doors and win-
dows using magnetic switches to detect
openings.

The booklet contains 21 pages of in-
formation, schematics and programs to
develop these projects. The author assumes
you are a hardware hacker — that is, that
you know how to read schematics and
build circuits from them correctly.

The booklet is easy reading and the
programs all seem to woik properly. Though
I did not actually build any of the circuits,
I did test all the programs included. The
author makes use of the joystick ports as
inputs and the cassette start/stop relay as
the output.

With the exception of the intrusion
alarm, the other projects are fairly simple
and use only a handful of commonly avail-
able parts (e.g., resistors, capacitors, bridge
rectifiers, etc.). If you have a pretty good
junk box, you may already have these
parts. If your resources are low or nonex-
istent, you can order most of the parts from
your local Radio Shack store and the oth-

ers from two mail order suppliers listed in
the booklet.

All the projects use a step-down trans-
former to power them. If you're a fairly
new hardware hacker, make sure you know
how to safely handle 117 volts AC, and
make darn sure you test the circuit fully
before connecting anything to your CoCo.

I checked some of the schematics for
accuracy, looking for things like the cor-
rect pinout on the ICs, polarities of the
power supplies, etc., and they seem to be
accurate. Since I didn't actually build the
circuits (because my junk box is empty), I
can't verify that each circuit is absolutely
perfect. But an analysis of the circuits
showed them to be reasonable, and they
should work as shown.

The program listings are written in
BASIC and, therefore, are easily modifi-
able to your special needs. They are very
straightforward and have adequate com-
ments. The longest program is only about
30 lines long and should fit in any CoCo
configuration. I tested these programs on a
CoCo 3.

If you are looking for some simple
hardware projects to keep yourself busy
this winter, you might want to buy Secu-
rity Projects for the TRS-80 Color Com-
puter and build a couple of these projects.

If you write checks, use credit cards, have a bank account or pay taxes, then....

You Need CoCo-Accountant III

Since 1983, CoCo-Account-
ant has been leading the pack in
home and small business financial
programs for the Color Computer.
Now we've made it even better, with a brand new CoCo-
Accountant just for the Color Computer 3. Take advan-
tage of all the new machine has to offer in a program that
will make managing your money a snap!

CoCo-Accountant III answers the big three ques-
tions we all have about our finances: Where did the
money come from? Where did it go? And what can I
deduct from my taxes?

CoCo-Accountant III doesn't require any knowledge
of accounting. It's a single-entry system that thinks the
way you do. Just set up a list of accounts and start
entering your transactions. Checks, credit cards, cash
receipts, payroll stubs, electronic fund transfers, whatever.
You toss it in and CoCo-Accountant sorts it out. Here's
what CoCo-Accountant does:

• Lists and totals all transactions for any calendar
period.

• Lists and totals transactions by account, payee or
income source for any calendar period.

• Instant account and monthly summaries with net cash
flow.

NEW for the CoCo 3

•Tracks, lists and totals
deductible expenses .
• Tracks uncleared checks
and balances your check-
book. Makes that monthly chore a breeze!
• Produces a printed spreadsheet showing transactions by
month and account for the whole year! Seeing this one is
believing.

CoCo-Accountant III stores up to 2,000 transactions and 72
accounts (depending on disk space). Almost every feature has
been improved. It will run on any CoCo 3 with a disk drive. And
best yet, it's only $39.95.

You say you don't have a CoCo 3? You can still order our
best-selling CoCo-Accountant II with many of these features for
only $34.95.

Join our list of satisfied customers who say CoCo-
Accountant is the most useful program they own! Send check,
money order or VISA/MasterCard information to the address
below, or call our handy, toll-free order line.

Federal Hill Software
8134 Scotts Level Road
Baltimore, Md. 21208
301-521-4886
Toll-free Orders 800-628-2828 Ext. 850

January 1 989 THE RAINBOW 1 29

Remember, though, the directions assume
a working knowledge of electronic circuit
construction. You neophytes might want
to start at your local library to get the
basics of electronics before you attempt
these projects.

(Brown's Enterprises, 119 Skyline Drive R.H.,
Granbury, TX 76048, 817-573-0037; $7.50:
First product review for this company ap-
pearing in THE RAINBOW,)

— C.L. Pilipauskas

1 Qriftm/nrn cocoi,z&3 |

Horse Sense —
Help in Picking
a Horse

"Which horse should I bet on?" Go to
a thoroughbred racetrack and ask 10 dif-
ferent bettors — you're bound to get at least
tliree different answers. Ask why and you'll
probably get 10 different reasons. Some
will talk about a horse 's speed or a change
in its equipment* Others will tell you about
a change in trainers or how it raced last
time (or the time before that). Still others
may point to the horse's name, color or
jockey.

All of these "systems" will occasion-
ally choose the winner — and some will do
better than others. If you get beyond making
a bet based upon the horse 's color, number
or name, you will probably need to look at
The Daily Racing Form, a newspaper-like
publication that contains a detailed de-
scription of each horse on the racing pro-
gram. Your first reaction to this seemingly
endless amount of data might be this ques-
tion: "Wouldn't it be great to put all this
information into a computer and let it
choose the winner?"

Computer programs that supposedly
pick winners have been around almost as
long as the computer itself. ("Hey, why
don'tcha tell dat ting ta pick da winners?"
as a Damon Runyon character might have
put it. Not surprisingly, novelist Dick
Francis, who often uses the racetrack as a
backdrop for his best-selling mysteiy books,
used a computer racing program as the
focus of his 1 98 2 novel Twice Shy . ) To the
list of racing computer programs, we can
now add one designed for the Color Com-
puter owner — Horse Sense by Western
Hills Software.

The disk program loads easily and the
instructions are clear, concise and helpful.
After a simple graphic, the main menu lets
you choose from Basic Instructions, Handi-
capping and Betting Tips or At the Post

(where most of the work is done). "Basic
Instructions" and written instructions
explain how to enter data from The Daily
Racing Form in the At the Post part of the
program. (The instructions also explain
how to read the form.)

The inputs in the At the Post section
include two inputs that set up the race and
at least 13 inputs for each horse. (The
instruction sheet suggests, and my experi-
ence confirms, that you should use at least
two races for each horse — thus you will
enter at least 26 items for each horse.)
Most of what you enter relates to the speed
of the horse at various times in the its pre-
vious races. Based upon this data, the pro-
gram computes a final rating. The instruc-
tions suggest that you bet the horse with
the best rating.

How well does the program work?
Most importantly, does it pick winners? I
tried the program on a couple of racing
programs at Philadelphia Park in early
September. (The input of data does require
a certain amount of time — it took me at
least 15 minutes for each race. Since I am
not quite ready to give up my regular job
for either a life of gambling or reviewing
software, my sample was limited by time
constraints — an accurate test would have
to include not only many more races but
also different track conditions at different
times of the year. It also would need to be
tested at different racetracks.)

In my small sample, the program did
choose some winners. Most of the win-
ners, however, were among the betting
favorites. A likely reason would be that the
speed factors that would make a horse the
computer's choice were also identifiable
to any careful reader of The Daily Racing
Form . (After a few races, I was often able
to predict which horse the program would
choose.)

Because a noise's speed as documented
in its previous races is a major factor for
many handicappers, it is not surprising
that the program's choice was almost always
one of the public's betting favorites. Bet-
ting on favorites, according to a number of
statistical studies, is not a bad system to
follow. Monetarily, you should lose less
than if you consistently bet longshots or
horses with funny names or whatever catches
your fancy.

Showing a profit, however, will re-
quire a high success rate — something this
program, by itself, may not be able to
achieve. (The program's only guarantee is
that "the program will load and run.")
Horse Sense is dependent upon a horse's
most recent races for its information. For
some horses, that race may have occurred
three or four months ago. The numbers
from that race probably tell us very little

about the horse 's current condition. To use
computer jargon — garbage in, garbage
out.

Additionally, the program ignores other
handicapping factors such as jockey, post
position and track condition. For example,
last week our horse had as his jockey a
rider who hasn't won a race in two years.
Today, the best jockey at the track is
aboard. I think the horse's chances have
greatly improved, yet the program 's rating
for the horse will stay the same.

For someone who is overwhelmed by
the racing form or who seldom if ever
picks a winner, this program might not be
a bad investment. The speed ratings might
also be of some interest to the experienced
gambler as one more factor to consider in
making a race choice. If you like thor-
oughbred racing, you may find this pro-
gram of some value.

(Western Hills Software, 6133 Glenway Ave.,
Cincinnati, OH 45211, 513-662- 3999; $24.95
— specify tape or disk when ordering: First
product review for this company appearing
in THE RAINBOW.)

— John Matviko

L-H ardware

PIA and Extender
Boards —
The CoCo Real
World Interface

Did you ever want to try your hand at
interfacing your CoCo to the outside world?
You know what I mean — build a parallel
printer port, analog-to-digital converter,
or some other more exotic device?

I've wanted to try my hand at interfac-
ing for several years now and have been
stopped more times than I want to admit.
The usual hang-up is connecting the proj-
ect to the CoCo. I've used extender cables
and interfaced devices to the cassette and
joystick ports, but the really interesting
projects require that you build an exten-
sion of the 40-pin bus used by cartridges
and program packs. Each time I started on
such a project, I stopped short of comple-
tion either because I was afraid of damag-
ing my computer or because I lost interest
in all the required soldering.

If you're like me, you'll appreciate
two products available from Fraser Instru-
ments that ease the task of interfacing the
CoCo to the real world. The Extender
Board eliminates the problem of getting
signal lines out of the CoCo where you can
connect to them. The PIA Board gives you
a fully functional Peripheral Interface

1 30 THE RAINBOW January 1 989

The Coco Graphics Designer Plus $29.95

SOUflRE
DRHCE

I GH SCHOOL

NEU
VERB

Makes Signs, Banners, Greeting Cards

Super easy-to-
use point and
click graphical
interface, fea-
tures windows,
scroll bars, radio
buttons, and joy-
stick or mouse
control.

COCO SIGN DESIGNER

' I PLftCt

K*.; ■ u .- : - '.- - 1 ■ J .'

^ SELEC

PREU

fTl":;:::ii : i::::i!:pPICSETi;

LOAD SIGN

Picture Disks Now>

CoCoMAX
&MAX-10

Compatible

In response to the many requests'
we received, our picture disks now
include a simple format conversion
utility making them easy to use
with Colorware's MAX-10 and
CoCo MAX II and III.

Samples Rom

Picture Disk #2

The CoCo Graphics Designer Plus (CGDP) is CoCo 2 and
3 Compatible. It allows pictures, and text in up to 4 sizes
and 16 fonts, per page or banner. The cards & signs fea-
ture hi-resolution borders and complete on-screen pre-
views. The CGDP comes with 16 borders, 5 fonts, and 32
pictures. It f s 100% machine language for fast execution.

Printer Support Radio Shack DMP105, 106, 110,120, 130, 132, 200, 400, 420, 430,
440, 500, Epson FX/RX/LX/EX, LQ, Star 10X, SG10, NX10, NX1000, Panasonic
KXP1080, 1090, 1091, 1092, Prowriter, C. Itoh 8510 & more.. Call for complete list.

Requirements: 64K CoCo ll or III, disk drive with RSDOS, mouse or joystick.

Samples Prom

Picture Disk #4

Samples From

Picture Disk #3

Offl

Travel

Christmas, Eaatar, Thanksgiving,
Jawlsh Holidays, Maw Yaars, July
4th, Hallowaan, Parades, Saint
Patrick's, Sslnt Valantlnaa Day

These two optional font col-
lections supplement the
fonts built into the CGDP.
Font Disk A 10 fonts $14.95
Font Disk B 10 fonts $14.95

B0LD3

uUjU i l <L

mom

5TE1CU

5 I n i TtS

TYPE

VARIETY

HESTEBH

Font Disk B

RRCRDE

ALIEH

Gf\aoaue

6f\A0QU£2

QDDQD

cociputeh

©®®©©d)

8008009

00000

DIE CO
GRflV

GREAT COCO CLIP-ART! Picture disks 2, 3, and 4, sup-
plement the pictures that come with the CGDP. Each disk
has 120 pictures arranged by subject. A few samples are
shown above. The disks are priced at $14.95 each.

CoCo II
Only

$49 95

Color Computer II w/64K Ext. BASIC

We just purchased 500 CoCo II's directly from Radio
Shack. These are new units, in original boxes, each
with BASIC manual, switch box, and video cable. 30
Day money back guarantee. Hurry while supply lasts!

*An upgrade from our old CGD to the new CGDP Is available
by returning your original serial numbered CDG disk plus $20.

Ordering Instructions: All orders add $3.00 Shipping & Handling. UPS COD add $3.00. VISA/MC Accepted. NY residents add sales tax.
Zebra Systems, Inc., 78-06 Jamaica Ave., Woodhaven, NY 11421 (718) 296-2385

About
The One-Liner
Contest . . .

the rainbow's One-Liner
Contest has now been ex-
panded to include programs
of either one or two lines.
This means a new dimen-
sion and new opportunity
for those who have "really
neat" programs that simply
just won't fit in one line.

Here are the guidelines:
The program must work in
Extended basic, have only
oneortwo line numbers and
be entirely self-contained —
no loading other programs,
no calling ROM routines, no
poked-in machine language
code. The program has to
run when typed in directly
(since that's how our read-
ers will use it). Make sure
your line, or lines, aren't
packed so tightly that the
program won't list com-
pletely. Finally, any instruc-
tions needed should be very
short.

Send your entry (prefera-
bly on cassette or disk) to:

THE RAINBOW

One-Liner Contest

P.O. Box 385
Prospect, KY 40059

1 32 THE RAINBOW January 1 989

Adapter (PIA) chip on a printed circuit
card ready for your experiments and cir-
cuit designs. Either board will save count-
less hours of soldering and searching for
proper parts.

The simpler of the boards is the Exten-
der Board, which, as its name implies,
extends the signal lines out of the cartridge
port so that they are easy to reach. Unless
you are equipped to make your own circuit
boards at home, making a cartridge port
extender requires an awful lot of soldering
or some delicate crimping of connectors.
Fraser Instruments' Extender Board lets
you start on your circuit rather than having
to build the extender first.

The board contains three sockets for
project boards and a single in-line connec-
tor for connection to a logic probe. The
logic connector supplies all data lines, a
ground line and the E-clock line. The three
main connectors supply all of the cartridge
port lines. The end connector is a simple
extension of the CoCo's bus lines; the two
top connectors are supplied with jumpers
on the SCS and CTS lines so that the
connectors can be individually selected.
The instruction sheet briefly describes the
available signal lines, as well as the loca-
tions of and uses for the jumpers. Legs are
included to allow the card to be supported
without pu tting undue strain on the CoCo ' s
cartridge port.

The Extender Board is well-constructed,
sturdy and useful. The instruction sheet is
complete but terse and could use some
expanding. There are several books and
many articles available (but not from Fraser)
describing the signal available at the car-
tridge port, so the shortage of information
on the instruction sheet is not a real handi-
cap.

The more interesting of the boards is
the PIA Board, which connects a 6821 PIA
chip to the CoCo. In addition, the card
contains a jumper for the non-maskable
interrupt line and a breadboard-type con-
nector for all of the PIA input and output
lines and a few of the cartridge port lines.
The 6821 is the same PIA usedin the CoCo
1 and is similar to the 6822 used in the
CoCo 2 and 3. It is also the backbone of
many interfacing projects described in
hardware articles and books. The PIA Board
can save you a great deal of time when you
are designing and testing a project based
on the 6821.

The instructions that come with the
PIA Board are barely enough to help you
get started using the 6821 PIA. If you
already have a project in mind, you proba-
bly won't need to read them more than
once. If, however, you want to use the PIA
Board to learn about interfacing techniques,
you must get some additional information.

Fraser Instruments supplies two pho-
tocopied data sheets from Motorola de-
scribing the 6821 PIA and also a short
BASIC program listing that will allow you
to test the PIA Board. Very little additional
information is supplied. Basically, you are
given the bare basics and left on your own.
This isn't as bad as it seems at first; a
complete tutorial would require a book.
Such books are available, as are numerous
articles dealing with CoCo interfacing using
a 6821. Perhaps your best sources of infor-
mation are hardware articles in back issues
of THE RAINBOW.

1 see the PIA Board as a timesaver. It
would take quite a bit of time to build this
board from scratch. Using it , you can ei-
ther experiment with a PIA or begin con-
struction of a particular project, knowing
that much of the boring work is already
done correctly. Combined with some good
tutorial material and/or circuit diagrams,
the PIA Board will allow nearly anyone to
learn how to use a 6821 PIA to connect a
CoCo to the outside world.

Both the PIA Board and Extender
Board are well- constructed and have gold-
plated connectors for a long and trouble-
free life. Both have the potential to save
active experimenters time and to help
novices enter the world of computer inter-
facing in a painless way. Both boards
should, of course, be used with caution —
as should any device that connects to the
CoCo's cartridge port.

The PIA Board could use additional
technical information and perhaps some
suggestions for books and articles dealing
with the 6821. Fraser Instruments also
produces PIA boards using other PlAs,
including the 6822, 6522 and 8522 chips.
These may also be of interest to some
CoCo users.

I haven't mentioned how well either
board functions, and there is a reason for
that. Unlike a program, these boards either
work correctly or they don 't , and my opin-
ion of their functionality is less than use-
ful. I tested both boards on all three of my
CoCos, and each board did exactly what it
was designed to do. There is really nothing
more to say about them other than that they
perform as advertised. If you've been
postponing your interfacing creativity
because of the work required, now is the
time to slop postponing and start working.
Fraser Instruments has what you need to
get started without the usual hassle.

(Fraser Instrument Co., P.O. Box 712,
Meridian, ID 83642, 208-888-5728; $45 each
plus $3.50 S/H: First product review for this
company appearing in THE RAINBOW.)

— Donald L. McGarry

The Rainbow Bookshelf

Fill out your Co Co library
with these selections

The Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9

Authors Dale Puckett and Peter Dibble show how to take
advantage of OS-9's multitasking and multiuser features. An easy-
to-read, step-by-step guide packed with hints, tips, tutorials and free
software in the form of program listings.
Book $19.95, Disk Package $31 (2 disks, book not included)

The Rainbow Book of Simulations

20 award-winning entries from THE RAINBOW'S first Simulations
contest. You are a Civil War Commander, an air traffic controller,
a civil defense coordinator, or a scientist on Mars . . . your wits are
on the line.

Book $9.95, Tape $9.95

The Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9 Level II
Vol. I: A Beginners Guide to Windows

Puckett and Dibble have done it again! They uncover the
mysteries of the new windowing environment and demonstrate
clever new applications. More hints, tips and plenty of program
listings. Book $19.95, Disk $19.95

The Rainbow Introductory Guide to Statistics

Dr. Michael Plog and Dr. Norman Stenzel give a solid introduction
to the realm of statistical processes and thinking for both the
beginner and the professional. (80-column printer required.)
Book $6.95, Tape or Disk $5.95, Package $1 1.95

The First Rainbow Book of Adventures

Contains 14 winning programs from our first Adventure contest.
Includes Sir Randolph of the Moors, Horror House, One Room, Dr.
Avaloe and more. Plus hints, tips on solving Adventures.
Book $3.50, Tape $3.50

The Second Rainbow Book of Adventures

Featuring 24 of the most challenging Adventure games ever
compiled. Meet the Beatles and battle the Blue Meanies, find a
hidden fortune, or win the heart of a mysterious princess. Ring
Quest, Secret Agent Man, Dark Castle, Curse of Karos and more!
Book $13.95, Tape $13.95

The Third Rainbow Book of Adventures

The excitement continues with 19 new Adventures. Discover
backstage intrigue at the London Theatre, attempt a daring space
rescue, or defeat evil in the year 2091 as a genetic android. Evil
Crypt, Spy master, Time Machine, The Amulet, and that's only the
beginning! Book $1 1 .95, Tape $9.95, Two-Disk Set $14.95

The Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures

Fourteen fascinating new Adventures from the winners of our
fourth Adventure competition. Rely on your wits to escape a hostile
military installation, try to stop the Nazi plan to invade Great Britain,
manage to reinstate our defense system before the enemy launches
a massive missile attack, and morel
Book $10.95, Tape $9.95, Tv^o-Pisl^Set $1 4.95

1 ' \! ■ • • . * * ■ 'V v.: ,? * , i

The Second Rainbow Book of Simulations

The 16 winners from our second Simulations contest. Fly through
dense African jungle, bull your way down Wall Street, lead a bomb
squad, or try your hand at Olympic events. Test your skills and
talents. Book $9.95, Tape $9.95, Disk $10.95

/ want to start my own Rainbow Bookshelf!

Name

Address

City

State

ZIP

j □ Payment Enclosed, or □ Charge to:

\\ □ VISA □ MasterCard □ American Express

I Account Number

Card Expiration Date

| Signature

Please send me:

□ The Rainbow Book of Simulations

□ Rainbow Simulations Tape

□ The Second Rainbow Book of Simulations

□ Second Rainbow Simulations Tape

□ Second Rainbow Simulations Disk

□ The Complete Rainbow Guide to 0S-9 (book only)

□ Rainbow Guide to 0S-9 Disk Package (2 disks)

□ The Windows & Applications Disk for
The Complete Rainbow Guide to 0S-9 Level II, Vol. I

□ The Rainbow Book of Adventures (first)

□ Rainbow Adventures Tape (first)

□ The Second Rainbow Book of Adventures

□ Second Rainbow Adventures Tape

□ The Third Rainbow Book of Adventures

□ Third Adventures Tape

□ Third Adventures Disk Set (2 disks)

□ The Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures

□ Fourth Adventures Tape

□ Fourth Adventures Disk Set (2 disks)

□ Introductory Guide to Statistics

□ Guide to Statistics Tape or Disk (indicate choice)

□ Guide to Statistics Package (indicate choice of tape or disk)
*Add $2 per book Shipping and Handling in U.S.
•Outside U.S., add $4 per book

'Kentucky residents add 5% sales tax

(Allow 6 to 8 weeks for delivery) Total

$ 9.95 .
$ 9.95 .
$ 9.95 .
$ 9.95 .
$10.95.
$19.95
$31.00

$19.95
$ 7.95
$ 7.95 .
$13.95.
$13.95
$11.95.
$ 9.95
$14.95
$10.95
$ 9.95
$14.95.
$ 6.95
$ 5.95
$11.95

I Mail to: Rainbow Bookshelf, The Falsoft Building, P.O. Box 385,
| Prospect, KY 40059

j To order by phone (credit card orders only) call (800) 847-
I 0309, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. For other inquiries call (502)
J 228-4492.

I Please note: The tapes and disks offered by The Rainbow Bookshelf are not stand-alone products,
j That is, they are intended to be an adjunct and complement to the books. Even if you buy the tape
or disk, you will still need the appropriate book. OS-9® is a registered trademark of the Microware
I Systems Corporation.

The following products have recently been received by THE RAINBOW, examined
by our magazine staff and issued the Rainbow Seal of Certification, your assurance
that we have seen the product and have ascertained that it is what it purports to be.

The Aussie Collection, a set of six public
domain disks from Australia. Disk 1 is full of
music programs, both in BASIC and in multi-
part machine language. Disk 2 contains math/
graphing programs, and Disk 3 has "mini-
pics" for DMP printers. Disk 4 is mostly
games while Disk 5 is a mix of utilities and
games. Disk 6 is a geography lesson on Austra-
lia. For the CoCo 1,2 and 3. The Public Domain
Software Copying Company, 33 Gold St., Suite
L3 t New York, NY 10038, (800) 221-7372;
$39.95 for the set, or $10 each, $4.50 SIH.

Chess Nuts, a two-player chess game "de-
signed with both the amateur and the serious
player in mind." Requires a CoCo 3 and a disk
drive. Mousesoft Software, P.O. Box 18058,
Milwaukee, Wl 53218, (414)466-3617; $20.

DaVinci3, a graphics program for the CoCo 3
that supports a joystick, mouse or X-pad. Fea-
tures include Draw, Erase, Selective Erase
(one color), Box, Circle/Ellipse, Spray Can,
Zoom, Line, Text & Fonts and Cut/Paste
commands. Also, there is the capability to save
and load pictures and palettes, print to Tandy
printers (including the CGP-220), maintain
"dynamic, instant control of all 16 colors,"
convert PMODE 3/PMODE 4 pictures to the
Hi-Res 16-color format, and to capture and edit
Hi-Res pictures from other programs and games.
Requires 128K Color Computer 3, one disk
drive, input device, and TV or color monitor
(color recommended; composite and RGB
supported). Owl-Ware, P.O. Box 116-A,
Mertztown, PA 19539, (800) 245-6228; $37.95.

< ^ > DIASM, a disassembler with six options:
Clear Buffer, Directory, Disassemble File
Onscreen, Disassemble File to Printer, Disas-
semble Range to Printer and Disassemble
Memory Onscreen. You can view memory in
its ASCII representation and toggle between
decimal and hexadecimal. For the CoCo 1, 2
and 3. GSW Sofin>are, 8345 Glenwood, Over-
land Park, KS 66212; $20.

Digitizer 3, a joystick-/menu-driven CoCo
3 program for digitizing and playing back
sound. It comes with several sample sounds,
including a guitar riff, allows you to digitize
your own samples "using any source that can
be connected to the black wire of the cassette
cable," and includes a preview feature that lets
you to hear what a sample will sound like
digitized, without having to digitize the sound.
DSD Software, 12 Under cliff Drive, Scarbor-
ough, Ont. M1M1A5, (416)267-8920; $12.99
US, $15 CDN.

134 THE RAINBOW January 1989

Dino Data Base, a menu-driven educational
database listing 200-plus dinosaurs in the two
mainclassifications, Ornithischianand Sauris-
chian. The program will draw the dinosaur, list
the derivation of its name (e.g., Tyrannosaurus
means "tyrant lizard")* and on a flat map of the
world indicate where the dinosaur lived. It
comes on disk for the CoCo 3. RAM Electron-
ics, 814 Josephine, Monmouth, OR 97361,
(503) 838-4144; $29.95.

Floppy Filer, a diskette organization pro-
gram for keeping track of files stored on floppy
disks. It creates an alphabetized cross-refer-
ence between filename and disk identifier. The
cross-reference is then printed in a three-col-
umn form suitable for notebook use. Floppy
Filer can handle a maximum of 1 , 150 files. For
the CoCo 1, 2 and 3 disk drive system. Gregory
Software, Box 573, Kirkland, IL 60146, (815)
522-3593; $8.

FontGen, a program that lets users design
custom fonts, borders and icons for their CoCo
3s. A font may have characters that are two or
three times the size of standard characters.
Also, fonts can be saved to disk and loaded
upon demand. A machine language subroutine
included allows users to have up to four differ-
ent fonts resident in memory at all times. JR &
JR Softstuff, P.O.Box 118,Lompoc, CA 93438,
(805) 735 -3889; $24.95.

^GAT Backup, a disk utility that will do
backups of an entire disk or of a section, for a
user-specified number of copies. It will also
format disks and call up disk directories within
itself. GSW Software, 8345 Glenwood, Over-
land Park, KS 66212; $15.

I Chlng, the ancient Chinese Book of Changes
put on disk and tape for the CoCo; I Ching was
the Chinese way of trying to discover "the
underlying patterns that could explain how the
events in our lives come about as they do."
Requires a 32K CoCo 1 , 2 or 3 and either a tape
or disk system. Tothian Software, Inc., Box
663, Rimcrsburg, PA 16248; $24.95.

J.A.C., a Joystick Alternative Controller that
allows "arcade-type action control using your
Atari-type joystick." Includes a rapid-fire op-
tion. A nine-pin Atari/Commodore joystick
plugs into the controller, which plugs into a
CoCo joystick port. 4-TECHS, P.O. Box 2575,
Merrifield, VA 22116; $1830 plus $2.50 SIH.

The KJV on Disk No. 34, The Book of John,
the Book of John from the King James version

of the Bible, in ASCII files. The files can be
called up within a word processor for viewing.
Requires a disk drive and a CoCo 1 , 2 or 3 with
32K, and a word processor that leaves at least
24K of free memory for documents. An info
sheet is available for $1. BDS Software, P.O.
Box485,Glenview,IL60025, (312)998-1656;
$3.

Leonardo's Paintbox, an expanded version of
Leonardo's Pencil allowing you to translate
drawings made with Paintbox to BASIC pro-
grams that will reproduce the pictures when
run. These programs can be saved to disk and
merged as routines into other programs. Re-
quires a CoCo 3 with a disk drive. A two-
button, self-centering joystick is recommended.
On disk for the CoCo 3. E.Z. Friendly, 118
CorliesAve., Poughkeepsie, NY 12601, (914)
485-8150; $29.95 plus $1.50 SIH.

Memory, a "Concentration"-type game in which
you try to match up pairs of objects, turning
over tiles all over the board. The grid contains
18 pairs of objects, which are different for each
game. The joy stick is used to point to a tile, and
the firebutton is pressed to flip it. The program
comes on disk for the CoCo 3. RAM Electron-
ics, 814 Josephine, Monmouth, OR 97361,
(503) 838-4144; $29.95.

Picture Puzzles, a program based on the "tile"
puzzles (in which one tile is missing from a
grid, and you solve the puzzle by sliding the
tiles and arranging them in the proper order).
On disk for the CoCo 3. JR <6 JR Softstuff, P.O.
Boxll8,Lompoc, CA 93438, (805) 735-3889;
$19.95.

Printer Drivers for Home Publisher, a pack-
age of additional printer drivers for the CoCo 3
Home Publisher desktop publishing program
The drivers support the following seven print-
ers: Tandy CGP-220, Tandy DMP- 1 1 0, C. Itoh
8510 AP, Epson MX-80, Okidata 20, Panasonic
KX-P1090 and the Star SG-10. The appropri-
ate driver must be copied to the CMDS direc-
tory of Side B of the Home Publisher disk
Requires a CoCo 3, a disk drive, a printer, and
a copy of Home Publisher. Tandy Corpora-
tion; $19.95: Available in Radio Shack stores
nationwide, Cat. No. 90-0911; also available
by calling Express Order at (800) 321-3133.

Quantum* *Leap, a "dice" game for the CoCo
3 that has players rolling six ivories for four-of-
a-kinds, five-of-a-kinds, ''triple doubles," small
and large straights, and the Quantum**Leap —
six dice of the same number, worth 250 points.

Requires CoCo 3 and a disk drive. Joystick
supported. JR & JR Softstitff, P.O. Box 118,
Lompoc, CA 93438, (805) 735-3889; $19.95.

^Revenge of the Germs, a graphics Adven-
ture game that "requires clear, logical thinking
and a little creativity to solve." When the game
begins, you find your self in a hospital bed, and
the only thing you can see besides your two feet
is a broken door. For the CoCo I, 2 and 3 and
a disk drive. [Note: "25 percent of all profits
from Revenge of the Germs will be donated to
the Nature Conservancy, a non-profit organi-
zation dedicated toward the preservation of
natural land."] The Software System, 5576 Oak
Vista Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45227; $9.95.

Roots, a program designed for "engineers,
engineering students and those studying mathe-
matics" that locates roots of equations. A short
tutorial is enclosed. Available on cassette only
for the CoCo 1, 2 and 3. Lee Sullivan , P.O. Box
8718, Penacook, NH 03303, (603) 753-4497;
$4 for printout of listing, $8 for program on
cassette.

Rupert Rhythm, an arcade game in which
Rupert Rhythm, songwriter extraordinaire, has
had Ins music stolen by Hardrock Harry, manager
of Music Box Records. Unless Rupert can get
his manuscripts back, Harry will release all the
songs under his name. Rupert must infiltrate
Music Box Records and collect all his stolen
notes, which are scattered throughout 17 rooms.
Hie game features 16-color graphics screens,
animation and "some of the hottest digitized
percussion music you've ever heard on your
Tandy Color Computer 3." Requires a CoCo 3
and a disk drive. Game Point Software, P.O.
Box 6907, Burbank, CA 91510, (818) 566-
3571; $24.95.

SHpheed, an arcade-type game that outfits you
with a "super space age dogfighter" rigged for
combat in an intergalactic war. You can infil-
trate a multitude of fortresses and encounter
increasingly vicious enemies in 15 levels against
more than 20 varieties of computerized oppo-
nents. Comes on a ROM pack for the CoCo 2 or
3. Sierra On-Line, dist. by Tandy; $29.95:
Available in Radio Shack stores nationwide.

Start OS-9, "an enjoyable hands-on guide
to OS-9 Level II on the Color Computer 3" that
features 10 tutorials (disk included) and 14
chapters covering boot creation, multitasking,
RAM disks, process priority, command inter-
pretations, formatting disks, the SYS direc-
tory, file handling, loading and unlinking
commands, windows, etc. The book also fea-
tures seven appendices, which are written by
such CoCo luminaries as Marty Goodman,
William Brady, Kevin Darling, Dale Puckett,
Stephen Goldberg and Paul Ward. Requires a
5 12K CoCo 3, two disk drives and an RGB or

monochrome monitor capable of displaying 80
columns of text. An 80-column printer is rec-
ommended, along with 40- or 80-track double-
sided drives, RAM disks or hard disks, and a
cooling fan, "because some CoCo 3s run hot."
Kenneth-Leigh Enterprises, 1840 Biltmore St.
NW, Suite 10, Washington, DC 20009, (202)
232-4246; $32.95 plus $2.50 SIH.

Tailyn Communications 2400 Baud Mo-
dem, an external Hayes-compatible 2400-baud
modem with RS-232 interface, synchronous/
asynchronous operation, eight LED status
indicators, auto-redial, and storage for 10 tele-
phone numbers. An internal version is avail-
able ($144), as are 1200-baud models ($89 for
external and $79 for internal). Tailyn Commu-
nications Co., Inc. , 6100 Southwest State Road
200, Suite 6118, Ocala, FL 32674, (800) 282-
4596; $159.

^TelePak/TelePak+, two versions of an RS-
232 interface designed as a direct replacement
for the Tandy Deluxe RS-232 Pak. The Tel-
ePak requires the Tandy Multi-Pak Interface or
gray Color Computer 1, taking advantage of
the built-in 12 -volt power supplies. TelePakf
can be used with any Color Computer, Multi-
Pak or Y cable. A standard DB25 cable is
required. The TelePak uses data transmission
rates of from 50 to 19,200 baud, and is compat-
ible with Disk BASIC and OS-9 software using
the standard address scheme for RS-232
cornmunication. Orion Technologies, P.O. Box
63196, Wichita, KS 67203, (316) 946-0440;
$44.95 for TelePak, $49.95 for TelePak+.

Try-O-Menu, a program that allows single-
key loading and execution of BASIC and bi-
nary programs (protected programs accepted)
from disk. When run, the program lists seven
items from the directory; pressing the N key
reveals seven more, etc. On disk for the CoCo
1, 2 and 3; a CoCo 3 mode is included. Try-O-
Byte, 1008 Alton Circle, Florence, SC 29501,
(803) 662-9500; $19.99 plus $3 SIH.

Try-O-Tax, 6th Ed., a user-prompting pro-
gram to assist the individual with federal in-
come taxes. *The extensive changes for 1988
have been included and the program reworked
completely for improved interaction with the

user." It calculates and prints schedules A, B,
C, D, E, F and SE, as well as forms 1 040, 1040A
(with Schedule 1 ), 2 106, 244 1 and 6252. Color
Disk BASIC is required. Upgrades from the
1987 version are available for $30 plus $3 S/H.
Try-O-Byte, 1008 Alton Circle, Florence, SC
29501 , (803) 662-9500; $44.99 plus $3 SIH.

^ Vehicle Cost Printout, a BASIC printer
program designed to track all vehicle expenses
over a multi-year time period. Printouts are
available for any time period within a one-year
span, showing monthly fuel purchased, fuel
used, miles driven and repairs made. The pro-
gram calculates expense data, determining total
vehicle cost per mile. Available on tape or disk
for the CoCo 1, 2 and 3. Requires Extended
BASIC and a printer capable of condensed and
elongated type. Alan Hanusiak, 37 Grand Ave.,
Rockville, CT 06066, (203) 875-2027; $18.

VIP Writer IH, Version 2, a new version of
the CoCo 3 word processor that adds support
for 512K memory, four-color pop-up win-
dows, a backspace key, and a new configura-
tion program. The DS command now saves the
entire text buffer, regardless of cursor position;
the PS (Partial Save) command replaces the old
DS command. VIP Writer III owners can up-
grade for $10 plus $3 S/H. VIP Writer owners
can upgrade for $49.95 plus $3 S/H. Those
upgrading must send their original disk. SD
Enterprises, P.O. Box 1233, Gresham, OR
97030, (503) 663-2865; $79.95.

Warp One, a menu-driven telecommunications
program for OS-9 Level II. Features include
Auto-Dial, Auto-Macro, Auto-Buffer, ASCII
file output, Xmodem file transfer and directory
functions. Requires a 5 12K CoCo 3, at least
one disk drive, OS-9 Level II, an RS-232 pack
and a modem. Alpha Software Technologies,
P.O. Box 16522 , Hattiesburg, MS 39402, (601 )
266-2773; $34.95.

Yahtzzz, a "dice" game in which each player
rolls five dice three times per turn in order to
come up with four-of-a-kinds, three-of-a-kinds,
full houses, small straights, etc. Requires 32K
CoCo and one disk drive; a joystick is supported.
JR & JR Softstujf, P.O. Box 118, Lompoc, CA
93438, (805) 735-3889; $14.95.

First product received from this company

The Seal of Certification is open to all manufacturers of products for the Tandy
Color Computer, regardless of whether they advertise in THE RAINBOW.

By awarding a Seal , the magazine certifies the program doesexw* — that we have
examined it and have a sample copy — but this does not constitute any guarantee
of satisfaction. As soon as possible, these hardware or software items will be
forwarded to THE RAINBOW reviewers for evaluation.

—Lauren Willoughby

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 135

RAINBOWTE CH

BASIC09:

A Great Language

Ml ost of us take a moment to
reflect on the meaning of life or
I some equally esoteric subject
in those seconds between the time we
take down last year's calendar and put
up the new, unblemished model. I owe
you that moment here, too, and so I
would like to share a few thoughts
about where I have been and where I am
trying to go with this column.

We have had an exciting year. OS-9
Level II moved to the front of the stage
early in '88, and Multi- Vue was finally
released to an eager crowd. By the
middle of the year, some notable
hackers in our community were giving
some interesting demos.

My goal throughout the year was to
show you how to harness OS-9 Level
IPs power for your own computer. I
started with the KISSDraw series be-
cause I had always wondered how those
magic drawing programs worked. After
entering a few lines of code, I was
hooked. I wanted to show you that each
of us can break down a complicated
process — like using a mouse to draw
on the screen — into small enough parts

Dale L. Puckett, a freelance writer and
programmer, serves as director-at-large
of the OS-9 Users Group and is a
member of the Computer Press Associ-
ation. His username on Delphi is
DALEP: on packet-radio, KOHYD @
N4QQ; on GEnie, D.PUCKETT2; and
on CIS, 71446,736.

By By Dale L. Puckett

Rainbow Contributing Editor

to understand the process and solve the
problem.

I have tried to give you the big picture
by explaining the philosophy behind a
process and tried to comment my source
listings enough that you could read the
theory of operation in the program
listing. I hope it has worked and you
have been able to put some of the
information to work on your own
problems.

We've got a long way to go — there
are too many things to do with the
Color Computer 3 (and its fantastic
windowing environment) and not
enough hours to do them. However, I
hope to introduce you to more exciting
concepts during the next year. Since I
am fascinated by the Multi-Vue envi-
ronment and the powerful Wind in t
manager built into OS-9 Level II, I hope
to continue the DoMenu series with
more code you will find exciting and
useful.

I hope you will use the examples as
a jumping-off place for your own appli-
cations. That's what computing is all
about. If you have a particular interest
you would like for me to pursue, please
let me know. It will make writing this
column easier. In the meantime, tradi-
tion dictates that January be dedicated
to the beginner. I hope I can encourage
you to start the new year by working
with a new language that's easy to
understand and fun to use. Enjoy.

Starting BASIC09

When Start OS-9 author, Paul Ward,
called recently, he presented an oppor-

tunity I couldn't refuse. The call re-
minded me that the annual rainbow
beginners' issue would be a great time
to introduce you to one of the best-kept
secrets in the microcomputer world
today — BASIC09. For the beginner,
Microware's BASIC09 has to be the best
language going. I hope the words that
follow will inspire you to jump into
BASIC09 and help remove the fear of the
unknown.

The inspiration for this short piece
was created nine years ago (an eternity
in the computing arena). If you survey
the magazines that serve the competi-
tive personal computing world today,
you'll find more than one rave review of
True BASIC or Z BASIC, as packaged
for the IBM and Macintosh computers.
Writers are heralding these new BASIC
programs and proclaiming the birth of
a new generation of programming tools.
Yet, the features being strutted before
an unsuspecting audience are nothing
new to seasoned OS-9 enthusiasts. They
found these features in a revolutionary
language from Microware Systems
Corporation in 1979 and have been
taking advantage of them ever since.
After you read this, I hope you will be
inspired enough to start BASIC09. Then
you, too, can take advantage of this
language's state-of-the-art features.
After all, the price is right. Tandy
includes BASIC09 in every OS-9 Level II
package it sells.

I often hear people with Color Com-
puters say that they don't use BASIC09
because it's too difficult to learn, but
these people have never tried it. To these

1 36 THE RAINBOW January 1 989

fUNDOG VVSTFMS*

Warrior King

Become RASTANN, Warrior King, on the quest
to regain his rightful crown, hidden deep within a
sinister land. Battle monsters, gain magic and
weapons, and travel through harsh wilderness
and dark castle dungeons in this medieval realm.
From the creator of Kung-Fu Dude comes this
awesome arcade game for the CoCo III) Warrior
King uses the most detailed 320x200 16 color
graphics and high speed machine code to vault
you into a world of fantasy. Dare ye challenge
the many perils ahead in order to become WAR-
RIOR KING? Req, 128K CoCo III, disk drive, and
joystick. Only $29.95.

In Qliest of ttie S^ r *T ord

This is THE graphic adventure for the CoCo
III! Unparalleled 320x200 animated
graphics will leave you gasping for more!
You quest for the Phoenix Crossbow in this
post-holocaust world of science and fan-
tasy. In Quest of the Star Lord is a full 4 disk
sides of mind-numbing adventure! Req.
128K CoCo III and disk drive. Only $34.95.
Hint Sheet: $3.95.

"A dynamite program! The best graphics
I've seen to date on the CoCo ///. You have
to see it to believe it. "

— 8/88 Rainbow review

Kuny-ru Dude

An exciting arcade game. The BEST karate
game ever created for the CoCo! Destroy
opponents and evade obstacles as you
grow ever closer to your ultimate objective.
Spectacular graphics, sound effects, and
animation! Req. 64K CoCo, disk drive, and
joystick. Only $24.95.

"The CoCo karate gap has been filled
and Kung-Fu Dude does it exceilently. I
highly recommend it! "

— 2/88 Rainbow review

All programs CoCo 1,2,3 compatible, unless otherwise stated

Sundog Systems

21 Edinburg Drive
Pittsburgh, PA 15235
(412) 372-5674

uripoa

systems <-J

TRILOGY

The epic adventure is back! The largest adven-
ture campaign ever seen for the CoCo is again
available! A total of six disks of intense graphic
adventure will have you playing for weeks! Each
section is a two-disk stand alone adventure, but
all three together form an epic saga. Quest for
the legendary Earthstone in the ancient dwelling
of the dwarves while you enjoy the classic
graphics that made this trilogy famous! Each
adventure can be purchased separately for
$29.95, the lowest price ever, or you can pur-
chase the entire set for only $74.95! Req. 64K
CoCo and disk drive.

"One of the best adventures I have experienc-
ed to date! " — 6/86 Rainbow review

"The animated graphics are dramatic, detail-
ed, and excellent! " — 1 1/87 Rainbow review

"The adventure of a lifetime. Don't miss out! "
— 7/88 Gamer's Connection review

Become a super-
hero in this
unique 64 K ac-
tion adventure.
Great graphics
and sound ef-
fects! See 5/87
Rainbow review.
Disk $19.95.

DRAGON BLADE

Another great
64K animated
adventure! Can
you obtain the
enchanted sword
to slay the evil
dragon? See 11/86
Rainbow review.
Disk $19.95.

Enter the era of
monsters and
magic in this
splendid 64 K an-
imated adven-
ture! See 12/86
Rainbow review.
Disk $19.95.

Personal checks, money orders, and Amer-
ican C.O.D. orders accepted. Include $2.50
for S/H. $3.00 extra for C.O.D. orders. PA
residents add 6% sales tax. Authorship and
dealer inquires welcome.

people, 1 say that BASIC09 is not diffi-
cult. Rather, it's different. After you run
your first BASIC09 program (and look
back at your first modern BASIC code),
I think you'll agree that BASIC09 is easier
to understand and use than the Micro-
soft BASIC interpreter built into the
Color Computer 3.

If you are looking for a plain lan-
guage introduction to BASIC09, I hope
you'll pick up a copy of the book, The
Official BASIC09 Tour Guide, at your
local Radio Shack store. In it, you'll
find a friendly, plain-language intro-
duction to this fantastic language, and
many examples. 1 also invite you to
check out the many contemporary
CoCo 3 BASIC09 programming exam-
ples published in this column every
month.

BASIC09 Advantages

You'll discover BASlC09's many ad-
vantages when you write your first
program. But since I don't want to keep
you in suspense, I'll give you a sneak
preview.

First and foremost, BASIC09 is not the
same old line-number encumbered
BASIC you learned in school. Rather, it
is a modern programming language that
closely resembles Pascal. In fact, you'll
find that translating most Pascal pro-
grams to BASIC09 is a rather easy chore.
However, while BASIC09 delivers Pas-

cal's outstanding structural qualities, it
is less rigid.

Since BASIC09 lets you create well-
structured programs without line
numbers, your programs will be easier
to understand. You won't get lost fol-
lowing 15 GoTo statements to meaning-
less line number locations during your
debugging sessions.

"There are too many
things to do with the
Color Computer $
(and its fantastic
windowing environ-
ment) and not
enough hours to do
them. "

You will also find BASIC09 programs
very readable. While this may not seem
important to you now, it will be six
months from now, when you need to
change your program to incorporate
new data. Additionally, while you're
writing — or running — these pro-
grams, you'll still have all the power of
OS-9 Level II at your fingertips. For

example, if you forget the name of a file
stored earlier, you need only type $ di r
and then press ENTER to receive a listing
of all the files in your current data
directory. You can do this from BA-
SlC09's command and debug modes, and
Dir isn't the only command you can
summon in this manner — you can run
every OS-9 command in your current
execution directory.

You can also press CLEAR on your
keyboard to be taken to another win-
dow, where you'll find an OS-9 prompt
waiting for you. The prompt will be
there because you started an immortal
Shell in that window earlier.

I can almost hear you object that a
programming language this easy to use
can't be very powerful, but this is not
true. An example of BASlC09's power
can be seen in Bill Brady's Wiz Profes-
sional* This communications environ-
ment competes admirably with Macin-
tosh's Red Ryder communications
program. And while the CoCo 3 costs
$159, the Macintosh Plus costs 10 times
as much. Wiz Professional also com-
petes well with ProComm on an IBM
PC, and it is written in BASIC09.

You can also look at KISSDrawPut.
I think this short experiment from a
tutorial series in this column has much
of the functionality and a much nicer
user interface than the commercial
drawing program sold by Tandy. It runs
just as fast too. More importantly, it
was written in BASIC09 in the course of
three or four weekends.

Look closely at a few of the commer-
cial OS-9 Level II software packages
you've purchased. You may notice that
several of them are stored in BASIC09 I-
Code modules. This means they were
generated with BASIC09. You have access
to the same programming language as
the commercial programmer, and you
received it free with your OS-9 Level II
system software.

BASIC09 Proof

I'm running out of room for this
commercial, and I haven't even men-
tioned BASiC09's data typing capability.
You can learn more about this subject
in The Official BASIC09 Tour Guide.
And since I wouldn't want to tease you
too much, I'll throw in a short example
here.

But first, let me come up with a few
lines of code that reinforce what I've
said about this programming language.
Let's start with BASiC09's readability.
(Remember, you may need to under-
stand your stroke of genius many
months after the light bulb pops on.)

PROCEDURE GurWay

(* Show how Basic09 control structures can make

(* your programs easy to read and understand. This

(* program will produce the same results on your

(* Color Computer screen as the program above.

DIM number: INTEGER

INPUT "Type a number:" , number

IF number > 0 THEN

PRINT "Your number is positive."

ELSE

IF number < 0 THEN

PRINT "Your number is negative."
ELSE

PRINT "Your number is zero."
ENDIF
ENDIF
PRINT
END

Figure 1

138 THE RAINBOW January 1989

Compare this BASIC listing with the
BASIC09 listing shown in Figure 1:

10 REM THIS 15 THE OLD WAY

100 INPUT "PLEASE TYPE A NUMBER: "

110 IF X > 0 THEN 150

120 IF X < 0 THEN 170

130 PRINT "THE NUMBER IS ZERO - "

140 GDTD 180

150 PRINT "THE NUMBER IS POSI-
TIVE,"
160 GDTD 180

170 PRINT "THE NUMBER IS NEGA-
TIVE- "
1B0 END

111 bet you love BASIC09 already.
However, if you can still say that the
basic listing is easier to understand
after reading both, perhaps BASIC09 isn't
for you.

If I may be allowed another commer-
cial break, I typed the BASIC09 listing
with all lowercase letters. Later, when
I listed it, BASIC09 automatically typed
its keywords in all uppercase letters. It
also automatically indented its control
structures. All this is a bonus you get
every time you write a program with

BASIC09.

I mentioned BASIC09's powerful data

typing ability. Now, let's see if we can
come up with a simple example that
shows why this feature is something to
rave about. BASIC09 knows about five
data types — BYTE, INTEGER, REAL,
STRING and BDDLEAN. I know, almost
every BASIC interpreter today knows at
least three of these data types. However,
BASIC09 revolves around another key-
word: TYPE.

In review, a BYTE is a data type that
can be stored in a single memory cell in
your computer, exactly eight bits (one
byte) wide. Likewise, an INTEGER var-
iable is stored in a memory cell 16 bits
(two bytes) wide, floating-point num-
bers are stored in a series of memory
cells designed to hold them (five bytes
in BASIC09), and English language char-
acters and words that you can read on
the screen are stored in STRING varia-
bles. In BASIC09, strings can be any
length — if you have enough memory.
You assign the amount of memory each
STRING variable will use with a DIM

statement. Finally, a BOOLEAN variable
is stored in a single byte that can have
only one of two values. A BOOLEAN
variable must be either true or false.

If you could work with data in just
one of these five shapes, your universe
would have a narrow scope, and you
would find it difficult to get anything
done. No wonder many people hate
BASIC. However, you have BASIC09 with
its unique TYPE statement on your side.
Let's look at an example of a few
homemade BASIC09 data types. Imagine
that you are the secretary of a local
Lions' Club and you must set up a
mailing list you can use to print mailing
labels and maintain information about
everyone in the club.

First, you must tell BASIC09 the kind
of information you want to print on
your mailing labels. Of course, the best
— and one of the easiest — ways to do
this is to use a BASIC09 TYPE statement.
Something like the program shown in
Figure 2 should work.

PROCEDURE LionsLabels

(* Show how to use a Basic09 TYPE statement

TYPE label=f irstname:STRING[14 ] ;middleinitial:STRING[l] ;
lastname:STRING[20] ; street , ci ty: STRINGf 24 ] ; state :5TRING[2] ; zip: REAL

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In that TYPE definition, we told
BASIC09 to reserve 14 bytes to hold a
member's first name, one character for
a middle name, and 20 characters for a
last name. Then we set aside 24 bytes for
the first two lines of our member's
address, two characters for the state and
five bytes for a real number to store the
ZIP code. In this particular example, we
have reserved 90 bytes of memory for
each member of the club. However,
with BASIC09's TYPE statement, you can
have your labels your way.

Once we defined our new data type,
we must set aside the memory needed
to use it inside our Color Computer. Do
this with the DIM statement. For exam-
ple, if we have between 90 and 100
members in our Lions' Club, we will
probably want to reserve enough mem-
ory to hold the names and and addresses
of at least 100 members. The following
should do the trick:

DIM Lionl_ist(100) -label

Here we have set aside 9,000 bytes of
memory to hold the information needed
to print up to 100 mailing labels. To
store our names and addresses in the

array of 100 mailing labels, we can use
a number of techniques. In all cases, we
start with the knowledge that the name
of our array isLionList. We also know
that each element (or member) in our
array has a number of fields. We defined
these fields in our TYPE statement. This
means that the first mailing label in our
list can be initialized with the following
information:

LionList(l) . firstname:=Dale
LionList(l) .middleinitial:=L
LionList(l) .lastname:=Puckett
L i onl_ i s t ( 1 ) . s t ree t : =805 West
Edmonston Drive

LionList(l) .city:=Rockv/ille
LionList(l) . state :=MD
LionList(l) - zip : =20B52

Your array can be initialized with
assignment statements like those de-
scribed, or you can use a standard loop
structure to write information about all
of your club members to the list at the
same time. The loop can get the infor-
mation from your keyboard or another
disk file.

Once you have entered your data,

you'll be in mailing-label heaven. You'll
also be able to take advantage of BAS-
IOW's GET and PUT statements. (Ex-
tended Color BASIC, eat your heart out.)
To print the first mailing label in your
array to the screen, simply use the
following line:

PUT 81, LionList(l)

If you've entered all the names and
you want to print a hard copy of your
entire mailing list, all you need is this
code:

DIM printer:BYTE
□PEN Bprinter,'Vp"

PUT ttprinter, LionList

CLOSE ttprinter

While developing my KISSDraw
tutorial series, I used a similar technique
with BASIC09 TYPE and PUT statements
in a drawing program. I called it KISS-
DrawPut. I was able to increase the
speed of the program and have a place
to store the pictures, so I could save

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January 1989 THE RAINBOW 141

*** *** *** *** COLOR COMPUTER III SOFTWARE *** *** *** ***

CBASIC III EDITOR/COMPILER

The ULTIMATE Color Computer HI BASIC COMPILER!!!

If you want to write fast efficient machine language programs and you don't
want to spend the next few years trying to learn how to write them in Assembly
language or with a cheap compiler, then CBASIC III is the answer!!!

CBASIC HI is the only fully integrated Basic Compiler and Program Editing
System available for the Color Computer 3. It will allow you to take full advantage
of all the capabilities available in your CoCo-3 including 512K RAM, without
having to spend years trying to learn assembly language programming. CBASIC
III allows you to create, edit and convert programs from a language you are
already familiar with Enhanced Disk Color Basic, into fast efficient machine
language programs easily and quickly. CBASIC III supports all the enhanced
hardware available in the CoCo-3, including Hi-Res Graphics, & Screen displays,
Extended Memory and Interrupts (Keyboard, Timer, Serial & Clock). We even
added advanced commands not available in Basic to give you a level of control
only avialable to very advanced Machine Language Programmers. Plus we made it
exceptionally easy to use, not like some other compilers. CBASIC III is the
friendliest and easiest compiler available for the Color Computer III.

CBASIC III is a powerful tool for the Beginner as well as the Advanced Basic
or Machine Language programmer. You can write programs without having to
worry about the Stack, DP Register, memory allocations and so on, because
CBASIC III will handle it for you automatically. For Advanced users, CBASIC III
will let you control every aspect of your program, even generating machine code
directly in a program easily.

CBASIC III features well over 150 Compiled Basic Commands and Functions
that fully support Disk Sequential and Direct access files, Tape, Printer and
Screen I/O. It supports ALL the High and Low Resolution Graphics, Sound, Play
and String Operations available in Enhanced Color Basic, including Graphics
H/GET, H/Put, H/Play and H/DRAW, all with 99.9% syntax compatibility.
CBASIC III also supports the built in Serial I/O port with separate programmable
printer & serial I/O baud rates. You can send and receive data with easy to use
PRINT, INPUT, INKEY, GETCHAR and PUTCHAR commands.

CBASIC makes full use of the powerful and flexible GIMI chip in the Color
Computer 3. It will fully utilize the 128K of RAM available and install 2 Ultra
Fast Ramdisks if 512K is available, for program Creation, Editing and
Compilation. You can easily access all 512K of memory in a Compiled program
thru several extended memory commands that can access it in 32K or 8K blocks
and single or double bytes.

CBASIC has its own completely integrated Basic Program Editor which allows
you to load, edit or create programs for the compiler. It is a full featured editor
designed specifically for writing Basic programs. It has block move and copy,
program renumbering, automatic line number generation, screen editing, printer
control and much more.

The documentation provided with CBASIC III is an 8 1/2 by 11 Spiral Bound
book which contains approximatly 120 pages of real information. We went to
great lengths to provide a manual that is not only easy to use and understand, but
complete and comprehensive enough for even the most sophisticated user.

CBASIC in is the most expensive Color Basic Compiler on the market, and
well worth the investment. You can buy a less expensive compiler for your
CoCo-3, and then find out how difficult it is to use, or how limited its features are.
Then you'll wish you had bought CBASIC III in the first place. Dollar for dollar,
CBASIC III gives you more than any other compiler available. If you can find a
better CoCo-3 Basic Compiler then buy it!!!

Requires 128K & Disk $149.00

DATAPACK III PLUS V1.1

SUPER SMART TERMINAL PROGRAM

AUTOPILOT & AUTO-LOG PROCESSORS
X-MODEM DIRECT DISK FILE TRANSFER
VT-I00 & VT-52 TERMINAL EMULATION

• No lost data even at 2400 Baud on the COCO-3 Serial I/O port.

• 8 Display Formats, 32/40/64/80 columns at 192 or 225 Res.

• SOKText Buffer when using the Hi-Res Text Display & Disk.

• ASCII & BINARY disk file transfer support via XMODEM.

• Directly record receive data to a disk file (Data Logging).

• VT-100 terminal emulation for VAX, UNIX and other systems.

" VT-100/52 cursor keys, position, insert /delete, PF & Alt. keys.

• Programmable Word Length, Parity, Stop Bits and baud rates.

• Complete Full and Half Duplex operation, with no garbled data.

• 9 Variable length, ProgrammableMacro Key buffers.

• Programmable Printer rates from 110 to 9600 baud.

• Send Files directly from the Buffer, Macro Keys or Disk.

• Display on Screen or Print the contents of the Buffer.

• Freeze Display & Review information On Line with no data loss.

• Built in Command Menu (Help) Display.

" Built in 2 Drive Ramdisk for 512K RAM support and much more.

Supports: R.S, Modem- Pak & Deluxe RS-232 Pak, even with Disk.
Requires 128K & Disk, $59.95

EDT/ASM III

128/512K DISK EDITOR ASSEMBLER

EDT/ASM III is a Disk based co-resident Text Editor & Assembler. It is
designed to take advantage of the new features available in the CoCo-3 with either
128K or 512K of memory. It has 8 display formats from 32/40/64/80 columns by 24
lines in 192 or 225 Resolution, so you use the best display mode whether you are
using an RGB or Composite monitor or even a TV for your display. Plus you can
select any foreground or background colors or even monochrome display modes.
It will even support 512K by adding an automatic 2 drive Ultra Fast Ramdisk for
lightning fast assembly of program source code larger than memory. There is also
a free standing ML Debug Monitor, to help you debug your assembled programs.
EDT/ASM III has the most powerful, easy to use Text Editor available in any
Editor/Assembler package for the Color Computer.

• Supports Local and Global string search and/or replace.

■ Full Screen line editing with immediate line update.

• Easy to use Single keystroke editing commands.

• Load & Save standard ASCII formatted file formats.

• Block Move & Copy, Insert, Delete, Overtype.

• Create and Edit files larger than memory.

The Assembler portion of EDT/ASM III features include:

• Supports the full 6809 instruction set & cross assembles 6800 code.

• Supports Conditional IF/THEN/ELSE assembly.

■ Supports Disk Library file (include) up to 9 levels deep.
" Supports standard Motorola assembler directives.

• Allows multiple values for FCB & FDB directives (unlike R.S. EDT/ASM)

• Allows assembly from the Editor Buffer, Disk or both.

Requires 128K & Disk $59.95

TEXTPRO IV

The ADVANCED COCO-3 Word Processing System"

• 9 Hi-Res Displays from 58 to 212 columns by 24 lines in 225 Res.

• On Screen Display of Bold, Italic, Underline & Double Width print.

• Up to 8 Proportional Character Sets Supported with Justification.

• Up to 80 Programmable Function Keys & Loadable Function key sets.

• Fully Buffered keyboard accepts data even duiring disk access.

• Autoexecute Startup files for easy printer & system configuration.

• 8 Pre-Defined Printer function commands & 10 Programmable ones.

• Supports Library files for unlimited prinling & configurations.

• Disk file record access for Mail Merge & Boiler Plate printing.

• Completely Automatic Justification, Centering. Flush left & right.

• Change indents, margins, line length, etc. anytime in the text.

• Create and Edit files larger than memory, up to a full disk.

" Easily imbed any number of printer format and control codes.

• Built in Ultra Fast 2 drive RAMDISK for 512K support.

TEXTPRO IV is the most advanced word processing system available for the
COCO-3, designed for speed, flexability and extensive document processing. It is
not like most of the other word processing programs available for the Color
Computer. If you are looking for a simple word processor to write letters or other
short documents, and never expect to use multiple fonts or proportional spacing,
then most likely you'll be better off with one of the other simpler word processors.
But, if you want a powerful word processor with extensive document formatting
features to handle large documents, term papers, manuals, complex formatting
problems and letter writing, then TEXTPRO IV is what your looking for. It works
in a totally different way than most word processing programs. It uses simple 2
character abbreviations of words or phrases for commands and formatting
information that you imbed directly in your text. There are over 70 different
formatting commands you can use without ever leaving the text your working on.
There are no time comsuming, and often frustrating menu chases, you are in total
control at all times. You can see what the formatted document will look like
before a single word is ever printed on your printer. Including margins, headers,
footers, page numbers, page breaks, column formatting, justification, and Bold,
Italic, Underline, Double Width, Superscript and Subscript characters right on the
screen.

TEXTPRO IV can even support LASER PRINTERS with proportional fonts.
take a good look at this AD? It was done with TEXTPRO IV on an OKIDATA
LASERLINE-6 laser printer!!! All the character sets used on this AD are
proportional spaced characters, all centering, justification, and text printing was
performed automatically by TEXTPRO IV.

Requires 128K & Disk $89.95

HI-RES III Screen Commander

The DISPLAY you wanted but didn't get on your CoCo-3

• 54 Different Character Sizes available from 14 to 212 cpl.

• Bold, Italic, Underline, Subscript, Superscript and Plain character styles.

• Double Width, Double Height and Quad width characters.

• Scroll Protect form 1 to 23 lines on the screen.

• Mixed Text & Graphics in HSCREEN 3 mode.

• PRINT @ is available in all character sizes & styles.

• Programmable Automatic Key repeat for fast editing.

• Full Control Code Keyboard supported.

• Selectable Character & Background color.

• Uses only 4K of Extended (2nd 64K) or Basic RAM,

• Written in Ultra Fast Machine Language.

HI-RES III will improve the standard display capabilities of the Color
Computers, even the 40 and 80 column displays have several features missing.
For example, you can't use PRINT @ or have different character sizes on the same
screen, even when mixing text and graphics with the HPRINT command. Hi-RES
III can give you the kind of display you always dreamed about having on your
CoCo-3, with a wide variety of display options that you can easily use with your
Basic or ML programs.

HI-RES III is totally compatible with Enhanced Color Basic and its operation
is invisible to Basic. It simply replaces the normal screen display with an
extremely versatile display package. With the full control code keyboard, you can
control many of HI-RES III extended functions with just a couple of simple
keystrokes.

Requires 128K Tape or Disk $34.95

512K RAMDISK & MEMORY TESTER

RAMDISK is an ALL Machine Language program that will give you 2 ULTRA
High Speed Ram Disks in you CoCo-3. It does not need or require the OS-9
operating system. It works with R.S. DOS Vl'.O or VI. 1 and it is completely
compatible with Enhanced Color Disk Basic! Plus it allows your CoCo-3 to run at
double speed all the time even for floppy disk access!!! It will not disappear when
you press reset like some other ramdisk programs. The MEMORY tester is a fast
ML program to test the 512K ram. It performs several bit tests as well as an
address test so you know that your 512K of memory is working perfectly.

Requires 512K & Disk $19.95

The SOURCE ill"

DISASSEMBLER & SOURCE CODE GENERATOR

The SOURCE III will allow you to easily Disassemble Color Computer
machine language programs Directly from Disk and generate beautiful, Assembler
compatible Source code.

■ Automatic label generation and allows specifying FCB, FDB and FCC areas.

• Disassemble programs Directly from disk, unlike other disassemblers.

• Automatically locates Begin, End and Execution address.

" Output Disassembled listing with labels to the Printer, Screen or both,
" Generates Assembler source files directly to disk or printer.

• Built in Hex/Ascii dump/display to locate FCB, FCC & FDB areas.

• 8 Selectable Display formats 32/40/64/80 columns in 192 or 225 Res.

• Selectable Foreground & Background colors & Printer Baud rates.

• Built in Disk Directory an Kill file commands.

• Menu display with single key commands for smooth, Easy operation.

• Written in Ultra Fast Machine Language.

Requires 128K & Disk $49.95

To order products by mail, send check or money order for the amount of

purchase, plus $3.00 for shipping & handling to the address below.
To Order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD call us at (702) 452-0632
(Monday thru Saturday, 8am to 5pm PST)

CER-COMP LTD.

5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89110
(702) 452-0632

Ms s ter 11

lelete Key
Display Keys

Save Keys
Load Keys

ojrai Keys Used =

BUTTON
OPEN 255,7

Window Master Features

0NHENU1 B AS

CONFIG B AS

CHECK B AS

AUTOEXEC B AS

CONFIG SYS

DRIVE 1

6 B 2

9 B 1

0 B 1

1 A 1

DRIVE 3

Uindov Hasten
Finder V1.0

Unit ten by Bill Veryona
Copyright CcJ 1SS3 by C&r-Comp Ltd

Screen Display Fonts

Window Master supports up to 54 different character sizes on
the screen with 5 different character styles. You can have Bold,
Italic, Underlined, Super-Script, Sub-script or Plain character
styles or any combination of them in any character size. You
can also change the text color and background at any time to get
really colorful displays.

Fully Basic Compatible

Window Master is fully compatible with Enhanced Color
Disk basic with over 50 Commands & functions added to fully
support the Point & Click Window System. Window Master
does not take any memory away from Basic, so you still have all
the Basic Program memory available.

Hi-Resolution Displays

Window Master uses the full potential of the Color
Computer 3 display by using the 225 vertical resolution display
modes instead of the 192 or 200 resolution modes like most
other programs. It uses either the 320/16 color mode or the
640/4 color display to give you the best display resolution
possible, and can be switched to either mode at any time.

Mixed Text & Graphics

Window Master fully supports both Text & Graphics displays
and even has a Graphics Pen that can be used with HLINE,
HCIRCLE, HSET and more. You can change the Pen width &
depth and turn it on or off with simple commands. We also
added Enhanced Graphics Attributes that allow graphics
statements to use And, Or, Xor and Copy modes to display
graphic information. With the Graphics enhancements added
by Window Master, you could write a "COCOMAX" type
program in Basic! In fact we provide a small graphics demo
program written in Basic.

Event Processing

Window Master adds a powerful new programming feature to
Basic that enables you to do "Real Time" Programming in Basic.
It's called Event Trapping, and it allows a program to detect and
respond to certain "events" as they occur. You can trap Dialog
activity, Time passage, Menu Selections, Keyboard activity and
Mouse Activity with simple On Gosub statements, and when the
specified event occurs, program control is automatically routed
to the event handling routine, just like a Basic Gosub. After
servicing the event, the sub-routine executes a Return statement
and the program resumes execution at the statement where the
event occured.

Enhanced Editing Features

Window Master adds an enhanced editor to Basic that allows
you to see what you edit. It allows you to insert & delete by
character or word, move left or right a word or character at a
time, move to begin or end of line, toggle automatic insert
on/off or just type over to replace characters. The editor can
also recall the last line entered or edited with a single key stroke.
You can even change the line number in line to copy it to a new
location in the program.

Multiple Windows

Window Master supports multiple window displays with up to
a maximum of 31 windows on the screen. Overlapping windows
are supported, and any window can be made active or brought to
the top of the screen. Windows can be picked up and moved
anywhere on the screen with the mouse. TTiere are 6 different
Window styles to choose from and the window text, border and
background color is selectable.

Pull Down Menus

Menus are completely programmable with up to 16 menus
available. They can be added or deleted at any time in a
program. Menu items can be enabled, disabled, checked or
cleared easily under program control. Menu selection is
automatically handled by Window Master & all you have to do
is read a function variable to find out which menu was selected.

Buttons, Icons & Edit Fields

Each Window can have up to 128 buttons, Icons or Edit fields
active, if you can fit that many. Buttons, Icons and Edit field
selection is handled automatically by Window Master when the
mouse is clicked on one. All you have to do is read a Dialog
function to find out which Button, Icon, or Edit field was
selected, its very simple.

Mouse & Keyboard Functions

Window Master automatically handles the Mouse pointer
movement, display and button clicks. It will tell you the current
screen coordinate, the local window coordinate, window number
the mouse is in, the number of times the button was pressed,
which window number it was clicked in and more. The
Keyboard is completely buffered, and supports up to 80
programmable Function keys that can contain any kind of
information or command sequences you can imagine. You can
load and save function key sets at any time. So, you can have
special sets of function keys for different tasks. The "Ctrl" key is
supported so that you have a full control code keyboard
available.

Window Master Applications

Window Master pushs the Color Computer 3 far beyond its
normal capabilities, into the world of a "User Friendly"
operating enviornment. We are already planning several new
programs for use with Window Master. So you don't have to
worry about having to write all your own programs. And don't
forget that many existing Basic and M.L. programs will run
under Window Master with little or no changes. The
Possibilities for Application programs are endless: Spread
Sheets, Word Processing, Communications, Education, Games,
Graphic Design, DeskTop Publishing and on and on.

Hardware Requirements

Window Master requires 512K of memory, at least 1 Disk
Drive, a Hi-Res Joystick Interface and a Mouse or Joystick.

Technical Assistance

If you run into difficulty trying to use some of Window
Master's features, we will be happy to assist you in any way
possible. You can write to us at the address below or call us
between 10am and 2pm Pacific Standard Time for a more timely
response. Sorry, no collect calls will be accepted.

Ordering Information

To order WINDOW MASTER by mail, send check or money

order for $69.95, plus $3.00 for shippi ng & handling to the
address below. To order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD

call us at (702)^52-0632
(Monday thru Saturday, 8am to 5pm PST)

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(702)-452-0632

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144 THE RAINBOW January 1989

them to a disk file and reload them later.
Much of the increased speed came from
the BAS1C09 GET and PUT statements.
With the GET and PUT statements, no
data conversion was needed. An exact
copy of the bytes in your structure is
written to the screen.

What Is a Line?

To show you how we can apply the
techniques used in the mailing list to a
drawing program, we must define and
draw a line. To draw an object that
looks and acts like a line, we need a tool
— a pen perhaps. For now, we'll assume
the line starts where the pen is resting
and runs to another location on the
screen defined by horizontal and verti-
cal pixel address. The first thing we need
is a data-type definition for our line.

Since we will also want to draw bars,
boxes and circles, etc., let's keep our
definition generic. We will define a data-
type-named object in the following
manner:

TYPE object = DCode, HorP., VerP:
INTEGER

Then, we will reserve a place in
memory to store it with a DI M statement
and name our new variable pen.

DIM penrobject

We now have a place to store the pen
we could use to draw a line. To use it,
we must define our line and initialize it
in memory. Within OS-9, all drawing
primitives are defined by the escape
code, $1B, followed by an additional
byte. To put a line on the screen, send
$1B followed by $44. That means
S1B44, followed by a coordinate pair,
is a line:

pen.DCode:=$lB44

pen.HorP:= : 100

pen.VerP:=50

We now have a line stored in Memory
Variable pen that is waiting to happen.
To make it happen, we must PUT it on
the screen:

PUT ttl, pen

Since we will want to redraw that line
later, we need to save a starting loca-

tion. We will name a new data type
□ rgin to complete the mission. We will
name our variable handle.

TYPE orgin=DPSCode,HanX,HanY:
INTEGER

DIM Handlerorgin

The data field named DPSCode holds
the OS-9 code required to position the
data pointer on your screen, S1B40. The
fields, HanX and HanY, store the starting
location of our line. After we have
reserved a place in memory, we can
store the starting point for our new line:

Hand 1 e . DPSCode : =$1B40
Handle_HanX:=0
Handle. HanY:=0

We can then draw our line with two
lines of code:

PUT ttl, handle
PUT ttl, pen

Since that is too complicated, we can
design a new data type to hold the
starting location, the pen and the end
point of our line. Since the two lines
above will draw a line on the screen,
when we run them, Drawing seems like
a natural name for our new data type:

TYPE Drawing=Loc : orgin ; tool:
□bj ect

We will name the field containing the
starting point Loc (short for location)
because that what it contains. Likewise,
we will call the field that holds our pen
tool. Think of it this way: a pen in
motion (at least in the right hands) is a
tool. After we have defined the objects
we will draw, we need a place to store
our artwork. We will call our work
Picture (although it is really an array
of drawings). This statement reserves
1,200 bytes of memory for a picture
made up of up to 100 individual objects:

DIM Picture(100) :Drawing

Now, here's the magic. To draw your
picture, all you need to type is the
following:

PUT ttl, Picture

What youVe read here only scratches
the surface of BASIC09. It is easy to use
and fast. I hope you'll join us. /55\

Hamming It Up

By William Barden, Jr.

Rainbow Contributing Editor

Lots of CoCo nuts and computer hobbyists also enjoy
a hobby called amateur (or "ham") radio. If you picture
a trucker tooling down Interstate 20 with cab-mounted
twin antennas flying, you're on the wrong track. Ham radio
is not that. Ham radio is also not represented by those
interference bars on your television, or the mysterious voice
that occasionally comes out of your stereo talking about 200
watts into a tri-band beam. And, although my cynical spouse
might disagree, ham radio is not characterized by overweight
individuals who wear "handie-talkies" on their belts and step
on their too-long pants cuffs as they smoke Camel cigarettes
and eat pastrami sandwiches.

The New Amateur Radio

In the past, ham radio may have been characterized by
some of these things. However, that trucker was operating
a CB radio, the stereo interference was probably the fault of
the electronics manufacturer, and there are thin, well-dressed
yuppie hams. There has been a resurgence of interest in ham
radio, and here are some of the fascinating things ham radio
lets you do today:

• Packet radio communications allow communication with
other hams over hundreds of miles using a computer
keyboard and screen.

• Store and forward messages sent around the world by
amateur satellites.

• Slow-scan television enables you to send facsimile pictures
anywhere in the world.

Bill Barden has written 27 books and over 100 magazine
articles on various computer topics. His 20 years' experience
in the industry covers a wide background: programming,
systems analysis and managing projects for computers
ranging from mainframes to micros.

• Fast-scan local television enables you to transmit standard
television pictures, even color, over dozens of miles.

• Bulletin Board Systems nationwide can be accessed just as
easily as Delphi and CompuServe, but without charges.

• Autopatch capability allows you to use telephones lines
from your car without a cellular telephone.

• Radio teletype communication with other hams, nationwide
or worldwide.

• Computer decoding and transmission of Morse code and
radio teletype transmissions.

• Reception and display of NOAA and foreign weather
service satellite pictures displaying many parts of the earth
from space.

• Reception of voice and live television from shuttle flights
— un-edited by the networks.

In addition to these new activities, there are still the
mundane activities that have been around for years —
bouncing signals off the moon for communication, using
meteor trails for communication with "line-of-sight"
equipment, reliable voice communication around the world,
contests, rag-chewing and local clubs.

The nice thing about ham radio these days is that
computers are becoming integrated into the hobby. Whereas
in the old days hardware experts ruled the clubs, today you're
likely to find a programmer giving a club presentation on a
new packet radio protocol. The CoCo is right in there, being
used for a variety of purposes. It's a friendly companion for
ham radio because it generates little interference.

The Equipment Youll Need

Since you already have the computer, you're about half-
way there with amateur radio hardware. Of course, you don't
really need a computer to do basic voice communication with
other hams, but I'm assuming that you'll want to be involved
in some of the activities that I already mentioned — most

January 1989 THE RAINBOW 145

c i*

D -.. 0

F S
G --• T
H .... V

I .. v
J w

K -.- X

l ... y

M -- Z

I I I I 1 1 " f

1 .-— period

2 commti

h T ... .

4 error

-*h" wait (AS)

7 ■*> ■ » end msj; .-.-*{ A H )

8 — transmit - + - (K)

9 — , sign off (SK)
0 - —

Tsible hilt nictfiuiiul Morse Code

of which do require a computer. Here's a thumbnail sketch
of what you'll require in addition to your CoCo system:

• A radio transceiver for the high-frequency amateur bands.
Known as a "rig," this device is not only a short-wave radio
receiver, it also contains a transmitter (hence, transceiver).
Transceivers are high-quality radios that receive Morse code
and voice. Typical cost for older equipment is $300 to $1000.
Typical cost for new equipment is $500 to $2000. With this
rig, you can operate world-wide. Forget the transceiver if
your interests are only in local (50-mile radius) communica-
tions — see the next item.

• A radio transceiver for very-high and ultra-high frequency
amateur bands. This device is similar to the high-frequency
rig, but is typically lower power (five to ten watts versus
hundreds of watts for the hf rig), smaller (half the size of a
small book), and easier to use. Since these devices can be held
in your hand, they are known as handie-talkies or hts. With
this rig, you can communicate locally, using voice, packet
radio or other modes. Typical cost for new equipment is $200
to $800.

• An antenna. For high-frequency rigs, the antenna must be
physically large — typically 70 feet of a single wire strung
between your house and a tree, a vertical pole (like a flagpole),
or a beam (like a large television antenna with fewer
elements). Typical costs — $10 to hundreds of dollars. For
VHF and UHF handie-talkies, you'll have a built-in whip
antenna, although you might want to add a small outside
antenna for $20 or so.

That's all you need for the basic amateur station. However,
for other activities you may want to get the following:

• A packet radio. This is a device like a computer, but without
a keyboard, that sends bursts of text data. It's most often used
on the VHF and UHF frequencies. Your computer is used
primarily as a "dumb terminal" to receive and transmit the
text. It will cost about $200 to $400 new.

• Radio teletype and code equipment. This equipment
interfaces to your computer so that you can send and receive
radio teletype. You can send and receive Morse code without
this equipment, but it's necessary for radio teletype work.
Software is included with the equipment. The package costs
about $80 to $200.

• Special antennas for satellite communication. If you're
interested in this phase of amateur radio, you'll need to have
a special purpose antenna. More elaborate systems even track
the satellite automatically. The prices range from $20 to $300.

• Slow-scan television equipment. Not as costly as you might
think — your computer can be utilized to display the pictures,
and about the only thing that's needed is an interface between
the transceiver and computer. The cost is about $50 to $200.

• Fast-scan television equipment. Although television
cameras will cost about $200 to $1000, the remaining
equipment is not that expensive — about $200 to $400. The
additional equipment converts the camera output into a
miniature television station.

• Other special-purpose equipment — from $.99 to $50,000.

A hint about equipment: Many hams buy off-the-shelf
equipment; other hams make their own. There are many
magazines devoted to ham radio that offer equipment
designs, even to the extent of providing kits of parts. It's
possible to build a fully functioning ham station with receiver
and transmitter that can use Morse Code to communicate
world-wide — all for under $100!

And Now the Catch . . .

Ah, government red tape. The radio spectrum, like other
resources, is finite. There's intense competition among the
broadcast industry, commercial radio services, radio
equipment manufacturers, the cellular phone industry and
others to carve up that spectrum into usable parts. Because
of this, amateur radio is allocated ham bands. To operate in
these ham bands, you'll need an amateur radio license. And
to get that license, you must pass a test to prove that you
know how to use the ham bands responsibly.

A little history: For years hams were policed by the Federal
Communications Commission for purity of signals, proper
operating procedures, and proper language. (While you could
say,"Frankly, Scarlett, I don't give a darn," the movie version
would not be permitted.) When the CB band was established
for the general public, policing was discarded and chaos
ensued — foul language, illegal power limits, interference to
other stations, and the like. Because of this debacle (and FCC
budgets), amateur radio today is less stringently policed, and
qualifying tests are easier. You can learn enough in a weekend
to get a Novice license — the lowest level of amateur radio
license. All of the 1 10 possible questions for this 30-question,
multiple choice test are published. In fact, though it's not the
right way to do it, many aspiring hams memorize the correct
answers to the pool of all 1 10 questions.

146

THE RAINBOW January 1989

And Now for Another Catch . . .

The FCC recently extended Novice privileges so that voice
is permitted on some high-frequency bands (previously only
code was allowed on these bands). Therefore, with a weekend
of work, you can have your Novice license and be ready to
operate world-wide or locally. However, there's a catch.

When amateur radio was first initiated, the FCC required
the knowledge of Morse code. In those days, Morse code
communication was used extensively and was the most
reliable form of communication when faced with static and
noise. Also, the FCC thought a pool of code-trained
operators would be a boon during war time, and indeed, that
turned out to be the case during World Wars I and II and
the Korean War.

Today, Morse code is still widely used on ham bands. Using
code under the right conditions, it's possible to contact other
hams anywhere in the world with as little as five watts of
power. However, while more sophisticated equipment
probably eliminates the need for a pool of highly-trained
Morse code operators, the Morse code requirement remains
a part of the licensing test. Not only does an aspiring Novice
have to pass the written test, he or she must receive code at
five words per minute. The next level, General class, of license
requires reception of code at 13 words per minute. The
highest amateur radio license, Amateur Extra Class, requires
reception of plain text code at 20 words per minute.

Believe it or not, it is possible to learn to decipher Morse
code in a weekend — well enough to pass the Novice test,
anyway. The rest of this column offers you a program that
teaches Morse code.

The Parameters of Morse Code

The International Morse code used on ham bands and
given in the tests is a modification of the original code used
by Samuel Morse of telegraph fame. As you're aware from
watching the Late Movie, telegraph code is a series of clicks.
Ham-band Morse, though, consists of a series of long and
short tones. While a short tone is called a dot, a longer tone
is called a dash. The basic dot length is the standard unit used
for timing. A dash is three times the length of a dot. The
spacing between a dot and dash is one dot length. The spacing
between individual characters is one dash length, or three
dots. The spacing between words or groups is seven dots.

The code for alphabetic characters, digits and commonly
used punctuation is given in Table I.

Note that all alphabetic characters are uppercase only.
There are many more special characters, but these will handle
almost all text received and will suffice for the FCC code tests.
The code test is a multiple choice test about the text received
(i.e., the amateur's name, location, etc.). A typical text might
look like the this:

WD6CTY DE K9BCA — HELLO, JOHN. NAME HERE
IS FRANK.

WE ARE LOCATED IN INDIANAPOLIS. RUNNING
100 WATTS

WITH AN END FED ZEPP. THE WEATHER HERE
IS RAINY.

BACK TO YOU, JOHN. AR WD6CTY DE K9BCA. K
A typical sentence (such as The quick brown fox jumped

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OS-9 is a trademark of Microware and Motorola Inc., MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft, Inc., FORTH09 is a trademark of D. P. Johnson

January 1 989 THE RAINBOW 1 47

over the lazy dog's back,) would be encoded with the spacing
shown in Figure I.

Note that the Morse code is a very efficient code. The most
commonly used characters are the shortest. For example, the
letter E is the most commonly used letter in the English
language, and it is only one dot in length. The infrequent Z
is allocated 1 1 dot lengths.

The following equation explains the relationship between
the number of words per minute (WPM) and the number of
dots per minute:

speed (WPM) = dots per minute / 25 = 2.4 x dots per second

In Figure 1, for example, the total time to complete all
characters — not counting the period — is 232 dot times
(assuming each dot is a dot and space) and there are 10 words.
If this text is sent at five words per minute, then a minute's
worth of text is 232 divided by 2 (1 16) dot times. If we divide
1 16 dot times by 25, we get 4.6 words per minute — fairly
close to the formula.

In fact, if text is sent at a slow speed, such as five words
per minute, it's difficult to keep these proportions — the dot
and dash sound much too long. (A dot is about one-half
second at this speed.) Therefore, code transmission at this
speed is often adjusted for a quicker dot and dash, while
keeping the total number of characters per second the same
(i.e., there are longer spaces between characters). This works
to the benefit of new code students, as they have a longer
time to search their memories for the character.

A Morse Code Program

A program to send code groups is easy to implement in
BASIC. (See Listing 1). The SOUND statement outputs a sound
for a duration equal to multiples of about one-sixteenth
second. Since a dot would require ] /\6+ 1 / 16 or l /%th second,
the top code speed in BASIC is about 2.4 x 8, or 19.2 words

dot I I ** 1 unit

dash j | «- 3 units

h ; . " : q . U r ' , I

- 3 3 5 ! 3 k ~rr* : .^ 3 3

K B v; R 0
. 3 • 5 — 3 Sfj 3

3 5 3 Y 3 5

U _ M . P * E w D , ., „
3. - t - ■ . 3 3 — 3 — 3,- • — 5

1 ^ « E R w T H E
- 3 «■* - — fe- 3 — 3 — — — — 5 3 — — — — 3—5

• 1 - 1 3 z 3 -X . 5 3

• 3 3 S 5 ^ — 3 — — r 3 C 3

. , -

(PERIOD)

Figure 1: Spacing for Typical Morse Code Text

per minute. However, with the overhead of a larger program,
the effective code speed drops to about 15 words per minute.
This is enough to get by even the amateur General class code
test. (CoCo 3 users can use the clock speed up to get about
70 percent faster code, but I haven't calibrated this .)

Characters can be encoded in the BASIC program as strings
of dots and dashes. To make the access time equal for all
characters, these strings are put into an array called CHS. (See
lines 330 to 470 in the listing.)

The first string group represents alphabetic characters. The
second group of strings represents the numeric digits. A third
group of characters are the special characters shown in Table
1. The special characters can be accessed from the keyboard
as follows:

Key Character Meaning

normal period
, , normal comma

? ? normal question mark

normal dash

! error character — disregard last

character sent

AS — wait
# AR — end message

$ SK — signing off

space space normal space

The CH$ array has a one-to-one correspondence with the
ASCII characters. For those ASCII characters that do not
have a representation in Morse code, a null (empty string)
is stored. The output character subroutines are found in lines
710 to 820 in the listing. The output character subroutine is
entered with the ASCII character in R$. This character is
converted to an index value by RSC(fl$) and then used to
access the CH$ table, which holds the string of dots and
dashes. If a null string is found, there is no equivalent dot/

1 48 THE RAINBOW January 1989

dash string, and nothing is done. If the string is the
character is a blank, and a five-dot pause is performed. If
a valid string is found, the string is output by using SOUND
statements. The SOUND command is used to generate either
a dot or a dash at a specified frequency value. The Frequency
Value F does not affect the duration of the sound. A one-
dot pause is performed after each dot or dash, and a three-
dot pause is done after each complete character.

Because there is some overhead in the BASIC program,
which affects the timing, individual values are used for the
one-dot pause, three-dot pause, five-dot pause, dot-sound
duration, and dash-sound duration. These values are
initialized based upon the code speed required. Arrays Dl,
D3, D5, SI and S3 hold 12 values, corresponding to code
speeds of three to 15 words per minute. Variables LI, L3, L5,
Tl and T3 are set to proper values from the arrays through
the use of the code speed as an index value.

Using the Morse Code Program

Morse Code Trainer is easy to use. Running the program
clears the screen and prints a title message. The program then
asks for the SOUND frequency value. Pick a value that sounds
comfortable to you. If you pick none, a default value of 97
is used. Following is an example of the title screen and the
possible responses:

Morse Code Trainer
Frequency: 90
Speed in WPM (3 -15): 15
Random Groups (R) or Text (T):

The program next asks for the code speed to be used. Code
speeds of three to 15 words per minute may be entered. Next,
the program asks for the type of code to be sent. If you select
T, for text, the program will ask for the text to be set. Enter
any string of characters up to 255 characters:

Text:?THE QUICK BROUN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG'S
BACK.

The program will send the text and display the dots and
dashes used as it does so:

Text:? THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LfiZY DOG'S
BfiCK.

The prompt for random groups or text will then be
repeated. If you choose the random groups option, random
characters from all permissible characters will be sent, in
eight-letter groups. The characters will display on the screen
as they are -being sent, so you can verify them after receiving
a page or so of text. These characters will include the special
characters such as Error and End Message, which will display
as the characters !, ", #, $, and %. Thus, if you press R when
prompted to choose between random groups and text, your
computer will generate a series of letters and numbers similar
to the following:

4X5I76E9 . GE JOBti - 9DZBK0LFI B1WCR7P4 MYE-S3XP
JUEG.GFU WYG!,Z!, OL0TIZM3

OSS U BBS Bmtom 8.Q

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512k OS9 Level 11 Required $29.95

- The ZaiDTDBT

- ^ j This wonderful utility allows you to patch anything! Patch

*j±^di! commands directly on the disk and fix CRCs automatically!

Even allows you to patch the OS9boot file without making a
new boot disk! Save files that have been lost or deleted! Fix
crashed disks! Hundreds of uses!

64k OS9 Level 1 or II required $19.95

IDaai: Manager Tra^

This versatile utility will make your OS9 life a breeze!
No more will you have to fight with complicated directory
structures. No more searching for files and typing long path
names. All of this is displayed using windows. A tree window
allows you to change, create, and delete directories quickly.
A files window allows you to copy, view and delete files easily.
Perfect for the OS9 beginner! Multi-Vue compatibility makes
it perfect for Multi-Vue users!
512k OS9 Level II Required $29.95

■Le'vel ill Tools

Finally OS9 life becomes easv! With these great utilities you'll be
using OS9 like a pro! Complete wildcard commands make file
manipulation simple and easv! Tree commands make directory
manipulation a.breeze! Windowing utilities make changing colors
and creatine and maintaining windows a snap! Many other useful
utilities make vour OS9 life more pleasant! 25 great utilities for only
$24.95. thats less than S1.00 per utility!

128k OS9 Level II Required $24.95

W&ro Oe.8

Finally a complete OS9 Level II windowing terminal that you can afford!
The program's many features include Auto-dial, Auto-macro, File transfers,
buffer capture, on-line timer, chat-mode and much, much more! Menu and
dialog windows make it super simple to use! All you'll ever need in a termina
program! Comes complete with ICON for Multi-Vue compatibility.
512k OS9 Level II Required $34.95

MullS-Mama

Easily create your own pop-down menus with this great utility! No
programming experience neccessary! With this utility you can run any
OS9 command or program from a menu. Menu creation is super-simple
and super easy! Actually see the menu as it develops. A must for any

Multi-Vue user! ■■

512k OS9 Level II and Multi-Vue required yj^gV.... .519.95

Alpha Software Technologies i/tym
P.O. Box 16522 RAINBOW
Hattiesburg MS. 39402 C *" T {££ TK> "

C.O.D. Orders add an additional $2.00

Send check or money order to:

Or call: (601) 266-2773 j$ S
^leas^add^^OOS^

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H

VIP Terminal

RATED BEST IN JANUARY

1984 "RAINBOW"

For your important communications needs
you've got to go beyond software that only
lets you chat. You need a smart terminal
so that you can send and receive
programs and messages and print them!
The VIP Terminal features 32, 51 , 64 or 85
characters by 21 or 24 lines on the screen
and has a 43K byte buffer to store
information. DISK $29.95

VIP Disk-ZAP 1.1

RAVED ABOUT IN THE
APRIL 1983 "RAINBOW"

Now you can retrieve lost data on any disk. VIP
Disk-Zap is the ultimate repair utility for repair of
most disk errors. VIP Disk-Zap verifies diskettes,
reads and writes any sector and lets you retrieve all
types of bashed text files, BASIC and ML programs.
VIP Disk-Zap includes an informative 50 page tutorial
manual. New features of version 1.1 are FASTER
and more RELIABLE disk access and printing at up
to 9600 BAUD. DISK $24.95

<
>

VIP Disk-Zap owners: upgrade to VIP Disk-Zap 1.1 for
$5 + $3 S/H. Send only ORIGINAL disk and $8 Total.

January 1 989 THE RAINBOW 1 49