January 1988
Canada $4.95 U.S. $3.95
0°
1*
THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE
Putting the Pieces Together
A step-by-step guide to computing
A glossary of computer terms
Lessons in BASIC, OS-9
and disk operation
Programs to:
Generate job descriptions
Organize tax records
Track appointments
e
Plus: games, graphics,
new product reviews
and two easy-to-build
hardware projects
From Computer Plus to YO
after
after
Tandy 1400 LTS1239
Tandy 102 24K$379
Tandy 200 24K $429*
BIG SAVINGS ON A FULL
COMPUTERS
Tandy 1000 EX 1 Drive 256K 429.00"
Tandy 1000 SX 1 Drive 384K 649.00
Tandy 3000 HL 1 Drive 51 2K 899.00*
Tandy 4000 1 Drive 1 Meg. Ram1959.00
Color Computer 2 w/64K Ext. Basic 89.00
PRINTERS
Radio Shack DMP-106 80 CPS 169.00
Radio Shack DMP-130A 120 CPS 229.00*
Radio Shack DMP-430 180 CPS 559.00
Radio Shack DWP-230 Daisy Wheel339.00
Star Micronics NP-10 100 CPS 169.00
Star Micronics NX-10 120 CPS 199.00
Star Micronics NX-15 120 CPS 359.00
Panasonic P-1080i 120 CPS 189.00
Panasonic P-1091i 160 CPS 210.00
Panasonic P-1092i 240 CPS 349.00
Okidata 182 120 CPS 229.00
Okidata 192+ 200 CPS 339.00
Okidata 292 240 CPS 489.00
MODEMS
Radio Shack DCM-6 52.00
Radio Shack DCM-7 85.00
Radio Shack DCM-212 179.00
COMPLEMENT OF RADIO SHACK COMPUTER PRODUCTS
The Magic of Zanth (CoCo3) 34.95
Sam Sleuth Private Eye 24.95 27.95
Color Max 3 (CoCo3) 59.95
COCO Util I! by Mark Data 39.95
COCO Max by Colorware 69.95
COCO Max II by Colorware 79.95
AutoTermbyPXEComputing29.95 39.95
TelePatch III by Spectrum 29.95
C III Graphics bySpectrum(CoCo3)19.95
Font Bonanza bySpectrum(CoCo3)29.95
TW-80 by Spectrum (CoCo3) 39.95
Telewriter 64 49.95 59.95
Elite Word 80 79.95
Elite Calc 3.0 69.95
CoCo3 512KRamDiskbyCerComp 19.95
OS-9 Level II by Tandy 71,95
Inside OS-9 Level II Book by FHL 39.95
VIP Writer (disk only) 69.95
VIP Integrated Library (disk) 149.95
Practical Peripheral 1200 Baud 149.00
CALL TOLL FREE
1-800-143-8124
• LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES
• BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY
• KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF
• TIMELY DELIVERY
• SHOPPING CONVENIENCE
COLOR COMPUTER MISC.
Radio Shack Drive Controller 99.00
Extended Basic Rom Kit 14.95
64K Ram Upgrade Kit 39.00
Radio Shack Deluxe Keyboard Kit 24.95
HI-RES Joystick Interface 8.95
Color Computer Deluxe Mouse 44.00
Multi Pak Interface
Multi Pak Pal Chip for COCO 3
CM-8 6' Extension Cable
Serial to Parallel Conv.
Radio Shack Deluxe Joystick
Magnavox 8515 RGB Monitor
Radio Shack CM-8 RGB Monitor 249.00
Radio Shack VM-4 Green Monitor 99.00
PBJ 51 2K COCO 3 Upgrade 99.00
Tandy 512K COCO 3 Upgrade 129.00
Mark Data Universal Video Driver 29.95
COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE
TAPE DISK
The Wild West (CoCo3) 25.95
Worlds Of Flight 34.95 34.95
Mustang P-51 Flight Simul. 34.95 34.95
Flight 16 Flight SimuL 34.95 34.95
Nuke the Love Boat (CoCo3) 34.95
89.00
14.95
19.95
59.95
26.95
329.00
*Sale prices through 12/31/87
Prices are subject to change without
notice. Please call for shipping charges.
Prices in our retail store may be higher.
Send for complete catalog.
P.O. Box 1094
480 King Street
Littleton, MA 01460
SINCE 1973
IN MASSACHUSETTS CALL (617) 486-3193
TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp.
Table of Cont e nts
58
^Feature
20
Starting from
Scratch
Lauren Willoughby
Tips for the new Color
Computer user
31
Urchins from the ^
Black Lagoon
Eric Tilenius
A fast, fun game with a really
bizarre scenario
37
BASIC %
for Beginners
David W. Ostler
A tutorial of BASIC for the
new programmer
44
The Clown of a ^
Hundred Faces
Bill Bernico & George
Aftamonow
Create over 100 different
funny faces
58
Usetown Annex ^
Paul French
Build a city from scratch
85
A Glossary of
Computer Terms
Lee Veal
Get a handle on computer
jargon
100
Appointment ^
Calendar
William J. Holdorf
A monthly planner for
organizing your time
Finding the Right ^
Person for the Job
Larry M. Paroubek
A management utility for
minimizing personnel costs
112
Preparing for ^
Uncle Sam
Robert S. Schlottmann
Keep tax records in order
142
Childproofing
the Co Co
Ray Onley
An easy-to-buiid, keyboard-
locking device
156
Stalking the Fire-
Breathing Dragon
Nancy Ewart
Tips for the OS-9 beginner
166
OS-9 —
Catch the Wave
Cray Augsburg
Help for OS-9 users
171
Solitaire Upgrade
Tudor Jones
A modification to the
Solitaire game
January 1988
Vol. VII No. 6
1 Novic o s N i che
72
From Scales to Mozart
Gip Wayne Plaster
73
Laying It on the Line
Keiran Kenny
73
Flying Machine
John Musumeci
74
CoCo Cuddler
Bernice Shoobs
74
Back to Square One
Louis Martinez
76
Hit Me If You Can
Chris Gleason
78
Color Creator
Adam Breindel
78
Smooth Operator
John Blochowiak
80
Monitor Adjustments
Ken Ostrer
80
Happy (Un)Blrthday!
J.T. Smiley
82
Typing Skills
Brent Dingle
82
/ Owe, I Owe
Bill Bernico
84
Financial Planning
Paul Ruby, Jr.
106
4
THE RAINBOW January 1988
1 aIi irnrift
96
BASIC Training
Joseph Kolar
The Kolar Progression
16
Building January's
Rainbow
Jutta Kapfhammer
Managing Editor's notes
149
CoCo Consultations
Marty Goodman
Just what the doctor ordered
152
Doctor ASCII
Richard Esposito
The question fixer
The cassette tape/disk sym-
bols beside features and col-
umns indicate that the program listings
with those articles are on this month's
RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAIN-
BOW on disk. Those with only the
disk symbol are not available on
rainbow on tape. For details,
check the rainbow on tape and
rainbow on disk ad on Page 94.
* Rainbow teefr
180
Barden's Buffer ^
William Barden, Jr.
Delving into the CoCo disk
160
KISSable OS-9 4*
Dale L. Puckett
Back at the drawing board
176
OS-9 Programming 0
Peter Dibble
Screen dumping revisited
54
Education Notes
Steve Blyn
The first of a two-part series
on estimating expenses
12
PRINT#-2,
Lawrence C. Falk
Editor's notes
144
Turn of the Screw
Tony DiStefano
Beginners — add an LED to
your controller
90
Wishing Well ^
Fred Scerbo
Recognizing sentence
fragments
l Departm ents
Advertisers Index
Back Issue
Information
.192
CoCo Gallery
Corrections _
.187
- 18
Letters to Rainbow.
Maxwell Mouse
.138
. 6
. 41
One-Liner Contest
Information 173
Racksellers 190
Rainbow Info 10
Received & Certified 140
Scoreboard
Pointers 48
Submitting Material
to Rainbow
Subscription Info
.172
_ 16
I Product
Artificial Learning F\le/High Altitude Software
Auto D\m/Lucas Industries
CoCo 3 Turbo RAM/Performance Peripherals.
.130
.139
.130
Financial Time Conversions/Promeffteus Software 136
Iron Cross/Computerware 131
Mickey's Space Adventure/S/e/ra On-Line 135
RAM Disk/Spec t rum 1 38
Wizard's Den/ Tom Mix Software 129
Zone Runner/ Tandy Corporation 131
THE rainbow is published every month of the year by FALSOFT, Inc., The
Falsoft Building, 9509 U.S. Highway 42, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059,
phone (502) 228-4492. THE RAINBOW, RAINBOWfest and THE RAINBOW and
RAINBOWfest logotypes are registered « trademarks of FALSOFT, tnc. •
Second class postage paid Prospect, KY and additional offices. USPS N. 705-
050 (ISSN No. 0746-4797). POSTMASTER: Send address changes to THE
rainbow, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40Q59. Forwarding Postage Guaranteed.
Authorized as second class postage paid from Hamilton, Ontario by Canada
Post, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. • Entire contents copyright © by FALSOFT, Inc.,
1 987, THE rainbow is intended for the private use and pleasure of Its subscribers
and purchasers and reproduction by any means is prohibited. Use of
information herein is for the single end use of purchasers and any other use
is expressly prohibited. All programs herein are distributed in an "as is" basis,
without warranty of any kind whatsoever. • Tandy, Color basic, Extended Color
basic and Program Pak are registered ® trademarks of the Tandy Corp. •
Subscriptions to the rainbow are $31 per year in the United States. Canadian
rates are U.S. $36. Surface mail to other countries is U.S. $68, air mail U.S. $103.
AH subscriptions begin with next available issue. • Limited back issues are
available. Please see notice for issues that are in print and their costs. Payment
accepted by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, cash, check or money order
in U.S. currency only. Full refund after mailing of one issue. A refund of 10/
12ths the subscription amount after two issues are mailed. No refund after
mailing of three or more magazines.
The Rainbow
Editor and Publisher
Lawrence C. Falk
Managing Editor Jutta Kapfhammer
Associate Editor Jody Gilbert
Reviews Editor Judi Hutchinson
Submissions Editor Angela Kapfhammer
Copy Editor Lauren WEIIoughby
Technical Editor Cray Augsburg
Technical Assistants Ed Ellers,
Joe Pierce
Editorial Assistants Sue H. Evans,
Wendy Falk, Monica Wheat
Contributing Editors
William Barden, Jr.,
Steve Blyn, Tony DiStefano,
Richard Esposito,
Martin Goodman, M.O.,
Joseph Kolar, Dale Puckett,
Fred Scerbo, Richard White
Art Director Heidi Maxedon
Designers Robert Hatfield, Jr.,
Rita Lawrence, Denise Webb
Typesetter Jody Doyle
Falsoft, inc.
President Lawrence C. Falk
General Manager Patricia H. Hirsch
Asst. General Mgr. for Finance
Donna Shuck
Admin. Asst to the Publisher
Sarah Levin
Executive Editor James E. Reed
Editorial Coordinator Jutta Kapfhammer
Senior Editor T. Kevin Nickols
Production Coordinator
Cynthia L Jones
Chief Bookkeeper Diane Moore
Dealer Accounts Judy Quashnock
Asst. General Manager For Administration
Bonnie Frowenfeld
Director of Fulfillment Sandy Apple
Word Processor Manager
Patricia Eaton
Customer Service Representative
Beverly Beardon
Development Coordinator fra Barsky
Chief of Printing Services Meiba Smith
Director of Production Jim Cleveland
Dispatch Sharon Smith
Asst. Dispatch Tony Olive
Business Assistant Laurie Falk
Advertising Coordinator Doris Taylor
Advertising Representative
Belinda Kirby
Advertising Representative
Kim Vincent
Advertising Assistant Debbie Baxter
(502) 228-4492
For RAINBOW Advertising and
Marketing Office information,
see Page 192
Cover illustration copyright © 1987
by Fred Crawford
January 1968 THE RAINBOW 5
BOW
Hop on the OS-9 Bandwagon
Editor:
Recently I note a great deal of "OS-9
hostility" in the letters to the editor. While
I am by no means an "OS-9 fanatic," I
believe that some input is needed from a
cooler head.
I have had OS-9 for three years, the first
of which was largely spent in "playing
around" with the system when I had no other
pressing projects pending on my CoCo.
Admittedly, for one who cut his teeth on the
BASIC in ROM of the CoCo, OS-9 presented
obstacles to easy understanding. What was
it for, anyway? But even in the early stages
it was clear that there was an abundance of
power in the system. Certainly, the original
Radio Shack documentation was somewhat
cryptic, but THE rainbow came to the rescue
with The Complete Rainbow Guide to
OS-9, Try running dsave as shown in the
Guide if you want a demonstration of system
power! Just watching one demonstration of
dsav/e will convince the skeptic of the
possibilities of this operating system.
Most of the problems I read about in the
letters to the editor involve the inability to
understand that every time a new OS-9 disk
is inserted in the drive, you must do a chd
'd0 and chx /do'CMDS. Is it really too much
to expect users to read the manual? No, you
can't just sit down with OS-9 and start to
"hack." This leads to the statement of
Gordley's first law of learning: "The greater
the power of the system, the more imperative
it is to do some homework."
Facts are facts, and the fact is that Radio
Shack is marketing only software written for
OS-9. Do you want to customize your
system? Have several favorite games /utili-
ties on one disk? Port programs to and from
Level I and Level II (i.e., use programs
written for the CoCo 3 on the 3)? Then you'd
better get on the OS-9 bandwagon, stop
complaining and read the manual — includ-
ing typing in and running examples until you
understand that OS-9 is a "manager" of
computer power and an incredibly versatile
one.
No, OS-9 is not easy. Few things worth-
while are. But it is a system that makes this
dirt-cheap computer stand up and dance.
Radio Shack got a lot of bad press early on
when it released the Model I without soft-
ware support, etc., but the Color Computer
has outlived the I, III, and IV, largely
because Radio Shack has devoted a huge
amount of development to make this little
computer constantly competitive. OS-9 is
one facet of this development. Which would
you rather do, scrap your system every
couple of years or learn new and more
powerful operating systems to stay current
with the possibilities of more expensive
systems?
Sure, PC Compatibles are the wave of
"now," not to mention the future, but we
now have in the CoCo 3 all the memory and
other capabilities of PC clones — how long
will it take for someone (probably not Radio
Shack, since they have their own line of PC
clones) to produce a board or program to
make this "little" computer clone-like?
Probably not too long as micro-history goes,
and you can bet that because of the Shack's
commitment to it, it will probably use
OS-9 in some fashion.
Yes, the CoCo in its original configuration
was incredibly simple, and many learned
BASIC with the CoCo's great manuals. And
as the CoCo continues to evolve, the same
possibilities exist. But serious computer
users who remain doggedly faithful to the
CoCo are going to have to do some learning.
It just isn't realistic to expect this product,
which has outlasted all its comparably
priced competition, to grind along in a 1970s
mode.
Radio Shack has given us a great learning
opportunity — don't pass it up.
Richard £>. Gordley
Castleton, IL
Those of you who are experiencing
problems with OS-9 should refer to
Cray Augsburg's, "OS-9 — Catch the
Wave, " Page 166 and Nancy Ewart 's
"Stalking the Fire-Breathing
Dragon, " Page 156 for some addi-
tional direction in your efforts.
If you have read the manual and
feel that you do, indeed, understand
OS-9, but are still experiencing prob-
lems, the following letter may be of
some assistance.
CoCo Gremlins
Editor:
For the last 18 months I have been
plagued by gremlins in my CoCo 2 system.
The first glitches were caused by inadequate
house wiring and the fact that we live in the
country on a ranch. So I moved — twice —
until I got rid of that problem. My PI A chips
went out — one at a time, and I got those
replaced.
Then I started in with OS-9. I got some
of the weirdest errors that didn't make any
sense. I could get a directory, but the system
crashed every time I tried to initialize a disk.
I got directories from my OS-9 disks, but got
"pathname not found," even when I typed
everything in correctly, and "no permission"
no matter what I tried to do!
I took the computer to Radio Shack (1 14-
hour drive away) to the "local" repair center
four times, but they didn't have any drives
of their own to check that part of the
computer. I sent my drives back to True
Data, where they were cleaned and aligned,
and HDS replaced my controller. Everyone
said the problem was with a part of the
system that wasn't theirs (a problem when
your whole system doesn't all come from the
same place). No one could find anything
wrong, but it still didn't work when it was
reassembled.
I called BBSs all over the West, and wrote
to several "experts." The experts didn't
reply, and the people on the boards insisted
I just didn't understand OS-9. Finally, I
located the Sacramento CoCo Club, and
made the three-hour drive down to see them.
I took my whole system to their experts. In
three hours, at a cost of $7 plus gas, they had
the problem repaired, and I now have a
computer that behaves itself. I also now
belong to a CoCo Club at long last, even one
three hours away, and the next time I go to
a meeting there are interested people from
Redding willing to go with me.
The cause of all the problems was not my
lack of knowledge concerning OS-9, but the
edge connectors on my drive cable. One pin
out of 34 on the connector for Drive 0 was
not operating at all. My poor CoCo was
trying to operate with an incomplete set of
data coming in!
Is there a lesson in all of this? Probably,
but I'm not sure exactly what it is. I do know
that the Sacramento CoCo Club was the
only group able to figure out what was
happening!
Vicki Daubner
Redding, CA
Hooked on the CoCo
Editor:
When my older brother passed away two
years ago, he left me his CoCo. There were
no peripherals. I thought, "Right! Me with
a computer! Ill play with it a while maybe
and then sell it. I'm almost 50 and can see
no use for it in my life." Hah! Boy, did I get
hooked! I'm now lucky enough to have
purchased a CoCo 3, D MP- 105 printer, two
FD 501 disk drives, Multi-Pak interface and
much software (a lot of which I bought at
Radio Shack tent sales).
The December 1985 issue of rainbow was
the first that I bought. That issue gave me
the self-confidence to try to learn the CoCo
and continue with it. You all have helped me
through "pangs" of learning typing again,
BASIC programming, using OS-9, getting an
interest in assembly language and BASIC09.
Right now I have OS-9 Level I with Version
II upgrade. This past week Radio Shack had
another tent sale and I came home with $626
worth of stuff for only $36. Can you believe
that? Some things I picked up were BASIC09,
Deluxe RS-232 interface and a 300 baud
modem (minus a power supply). So, as soon
as I get a power supply transformer, 111 be
in touch with RAINBOW and other CoCoists
on Delphi and BBSs for the first time. I can
hardly wait.
This is the first time I've written to a
THE RAINBOW January 1 988
AUTOTERM
TURNS YOUR COLOR COMPUTER INTO THE
WORLD'S
SMARTEST TERMINAL!
YOU'LL ALSO USE AUTOTERM FOR SIMPLE
WORD PROCESSING &- RECORD KEEPING
EXTRA FEATURES ON COCO 3
80 char, screen, 2400 baud thru serial port,....— -Y
95,000 to 475,000 character buffer.'
EASY COMMUNICATION + ^/VORD PROCESSING — + - TOTAL AUTOMATION
Full prompting and error checking.
Step-by-step manual has examples.
Scroll text backward and forward. No
split words on screen or printout.
Save, load, delete files while on line.
Print, save all or any part of text. 300
or 1200 baud. All 128 ASCII
characters. Works with D.C. Hayes or
any modem. Screen widths of 32, 40,
42, 51, 64.
DISK VERSION SUPPORTS RS232
PAK, XMODEM and SPLIT SCREEN
FOR PACKET RADIO.
Please hire the mentally retarded.
They are sincere, hard working and
appreciative. Thanks! ^ ^
Editing is super simple with the
cursor. Find strings instantly too!
Insert printer control codes. Specify
page size and margins. Switch
quickly between word processing
and intelligent terminal action. Create
text, correct your typing errors; then
connect to the other computer,
upload your text or files, download
information, file it, and sign-off; then
edit the receive data, print it in an
attractive format, and/or save it on
file. Compatible with TELEWRITER.
CASSETTE $29.95
DISKETTE $39.95
Add $3 shipping and handling
MC/VISA/C.O.D.
Advanced system of keystroke
macros lets you automate any
activity, such as dial via modem,
sign-on, interact, sign-off, print, save.
Perform entire session. Act as
message taker. At start-up, disk
version can automatically set
parameters, dial, sign-on, interact,
read/write disk, sign-off, etc. Timed
execution lets AUTOTERM work
while you sleep or play. No other
computer can match your COCO's
intelligence as a terminal.
PXE Computing
11 Vicksburg Lane
Richardson, Texas 75080
214/699-7273
magazine, but it doesn't feel strange, because
I believe I'm writing to friends. I couldn't be
at this point in my computing life without
all of you. Thanks for everything!
Evelyn C "Chris" Gallagher
Chino, CA
HINTS & TIPS
Editor:
I recall a previous issue of THE rainbow
advising a reader that he would be unable
to print in bold type using Scripsit and a
DMP-105 printer. However, with the fol-
lowing revisions, this is possible. First, back
up Scripsit on tape. Then insert the follow-
ing command at the beginning of the pro-
gram:
PRINTtt-2, CHR$ ( 27 ) ; CHR$ ( 31 )
The result is an inexpensive word processing
system with a higher quality printout. I hope
this information will be as useful to other
readers as it has been to me. I use my CoCo
for college reports, letters, and even to print
copies of my resume.
Joe Jarvis
Peoria, IL
How Do You Spell Relief?
Editor:
What does a keyboard extender cable
have to do with a bad back?
Due to chronic back pain, I consulted an
orthopedist (MD-type). After X-rays, pok-
ing, etc., he concluded that my back prob-
lems were posture related. He spoke of a
significant rise in back problems since the
advent of the personal computer. He said
that sitting hunched over a keyboard was
like carrying a 200-pound backpack.
Well, the handy-dandy keyboard extender
cable sold by Spectrum and designed and
built by our own Marty Goodman, sure
makes sitting back in a comfortable (and
healthy) position easy. Just as welcome is
freedom at last from having that "klunky"
Multi-Pak sticking out the right side of the
keyboard. I housed my keyboard in an
empty CoCo 3 case, purchased through
Tandy National Parts for $10. Marty's cable
is well-designed and rugged. The connectors
are the tricky part, but he's done a great job
there. I'll be glad to answer any questions
anyone has about my experience with this
device.
Richard H. Phillips
91 Kingsgate
Snyder, NY 14226
Those of you who spend long hours
at the keyboard should look for Dr.
Larry Preble's article in next month's
issue which will discuss various other
ways to prevent back and neck pain.
vising effective strategies for discarding
cards to the crib and for deciding what card
to play. If there are any cribbage experts out
there in CoColand, will you please write to
me so we can discuss strategies that could
be used in a computer program? Of course,
whoever provides me with the strategy I
adopt will receive a free copy of the cribbage
program and equal credit for the program,
Bruce Arsenault
RR. 1 Cleveland
Nova Scotia
Canada B0E 1J0
■
Internally Speaking
Editor:
I have a 64K ECB CoCo 2. I am using a
monitor without audio. How can I hook up
an internal speaker inside the CoCo?
Sean Stephenson
11744 Pinecone Circle
Grass Valley, CA 94545
INFO PLEASE
Editor:
I would like to write a program to enable
the CoCo to play the card game cribbage.
Although I can program, I am not a good
card player, so I am having difficulty de-
Can CoCo Count the Miles?
Editor:
I am a runner and would like to know if
anyone in the CoCo Community could lead
me to a program to log date, distance and
time, and ideally calculate time per mile.
Danny Mote
P.O. Box 2782
Demorest, GA 30535
January 1988 THE RAINBOW
A Fast CGP-115 Dump
Editor:
Can anyone help me? I need a machine
language screen dump program for the
CGP-1 15. With my present basic program,
I do not think I will live long enough to print
out some of the wonderful programs that
appear in the rainbow.
Frederick Lunn
RR 1, 102 Claremont Cr.
Orillia, Ontario
Canada L3V6H1
EN PAL!
• I am interested in having a computer pen
pal, especially female. I just got a CoCo 2,
disk drive, and a few games a couple of
months ago. I'm 14 and in the process of
making a video game.
Mike Reyno
Rt. 7 Box 422B
Tucson, AZ 85747
• I have a CoCo 2 and 3 with FD 501 disk
drive, CCR-82 recorder, and a Star NX- 10
printer. I am 15 years old and would like to
hear from other people around my age. I'm
interested in OS-9.
Derrick Holmquist
5842 N. Long Lake
Traverse City, MI 49684
• Come take a flight on the Balloon Port
BBS, 24 hours, seven days a week, 300 and
1200 baud. Please use 8/N/l. The system
runs on six disk drives and a CoCo 2, has
a great online game section, forums, and
CoCo downloads! Online since January,
1987. Call 717-273-8444. SysOp: Balloon
Meister. Co-SysOp: Chip Hirsh.
Rick V. Elyar
1829 Ashton Drive
Lebanon, PA 17042
• The Top Gun BBS in Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, is online 24 hours, seven days a
week, 300/1200/2400 baud. We feature
online games and over 20 message boards,
and pride ourselves in being the only 2400
CoBBS BBS in the world (that we know of).
Call 504-774-8262. SysOp: Stinger.
Justin Young
3527 Hickory wood Ave.
Baton Rouge, LA 70807
• There is a new BBS online in Virginia,
accepting 300 or 1200 baud, 7 or 8 bits. It
is run on a Wang system and has 20 Mb of
software for the CoCo. 24 hours, seven days
a week. Call 703-483-3037.
Ricky Sutphin
Rt. 1 Box 020
Henry, VA 24102
• There is a new BBS here in Salt Lake
Valley, the West Valley CoCoshop. It's run
on Richard Duncan's CoBBS Version 1.2
modified. Online 24 hours, 300 baud. We
have online games, Xmodem, ASCII down-
loads and a public message base. Call 801-
250-1941.
Dennis R. Gray
3643 S. 6885 W.
West Valley City, UT 84120
• There is a new bulletin board in St.
Petersburg, Florida, the Stylus BBS. There
are a number of special sections, including
three online trivia games, classified ads,
music news, concert information, reviews of
Box Office & VCR movies, albums, restau-
rants, etc., as well as an extensive public
domain library. Online 24 hours, seven days
a week. Call 813-823-1490.
Tim Jay
141 22nd Ave. N.
St. Petersburg, FL 33704
THE RAINBOW welcomes letters to the
editor. Mai) should be addressed to:
Letters to Rainbow, The Falsoft Build-
ing, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059.
Letters should include the writer's full
name and address. Letters may be edited
for purposes of clarity or to conserve
space.
Letters to the editor may also be sent
to us through our Delphi CoCo SIC
From the CoCo SIG> prompt, type RBI
to take you into the Rainbow Magazine
Services area of the SIG. At the RAIN*
BOW> prompt, type LET to reach the
LETTERS> prompt and then select
Letters for Publication. Be sure to in-
clude your complete name and address.
• I have a CoCo 2 and 3, Multi-Pak, two
Speech/ Sound Paks (would like to buy
stereo pak), DMP-106 printer, DCM-3
modem, two double-sided drives and enjoy
computing very much — write and see!
George Locker
Rt. 9 Box 329
Benton, KY 42025
• I have a CoCo 2, a CoCo 3 (512K), two
disk drives, a printer, a Smartmodem, a
Multi-Pak and a deluxe RS-232. 1 would like
to correspond with other CoCo owners
around the world who are interested in OS-
9 Level II, machine language and commu-
nications. I also operate a BBS on my CoCo
3, online from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m., 300/1200
baud. Call 474-22-0229.
Roberto Berg
Rua Aquidaban, 700
Caixa Postal 578
CEP 89.200
Joinville — SC — Brazil
• I am 9 years old and would like to have
a few pen pals in the Pennsylvania area. I
have a CoCo 2, CCR-8 1 recorder, DMP- 1 05
printer and a Tandy 2000 computer. I will
accept all letters sent to me.
Ed Schenck
600 A Creamery Road
Nazareth, PA 18064
• I am 14 years old and looking for a pen
pal somewhere in the Louisiana area. I have
a CoCo 2 upgraded to 64K, FD 500 disk
drive, and a DMP- 105 dot-matrix printer.
Chris Bastow
503 Oak Ridge Dr.
Leesville, LA 71446
• I am 16 years old and an avid CoCo user.
I have a 64K ECB CoCo 2, gray drive,
modem and cassette. I also love hardware
hacking. Any letters I receive will get a reply.
Jamin Taube
Rd. 2 14 Fredonia Road
Newton, N J 07860
• I have a CoCo 2 and 3 with three disk
drives, a Multi-Pak, Ears, Supervoice, an
Avatex 2400 modem and a DMP-130. I'm
34 years old and looking for a pen pal. I will
answer all letters.
Ronald M. Koskovich
Greenvalley Lot 60
Jackson, WI 53037
• I would like to get to know some nice
people who want to be my pen pals. I have
a 64K CoCo 2 with tape system. I am 15
years old.
Mohamed Hamid
36, Marwa Street
Dokki — Cairo
Egypt
• Our whole family is interested in having
pen pals. We are: Patricia, age 40; Christine,
14; Stacey, 16; Jennifer, 12; and Charles, 1 1.
So we welcome pen pals of any age.
Patricia Bastion
1205 Manor Drive
Victoria, TX 77901
• I am a collector of public domain CoCo
2 and 3 pictures and would like to hear from
those who have good pictures they would
like to share. I am particularly interested in
CoCo 3 pictures.
Chris Steeves
P. O. Box Petitcodiac
New Brunswick E0A 2 HO
Canada
• I am 15 years old, and my system consists
of a CoCo 2 with 64K ECB, cassette re-
corder, Orchestra 80, Speech/ Sound Pak,
EDTASM+ and a modem. I would like to
correspond with intelligent people around
my age or any age who would like to swap
thoughts and ideas. My main interests are
science fiction, Adventures and music.
Please write me. I'm a friendly person living
in a small town where there's no one I can
talk to about the CoCo. I'll do my best to
answer every letter.
Joey Vaughan
Rt. 2 Box 130
Bronson, TX 75930
• I am 13 years old and looking for pen pals
in the South Jersey and Philadelphia areas.
I have a CoCo 2, disk drive and a DMP-130
printer.
Andrew Cooper
311 Fern Drive
Atco, NJ 08004
• I am 16 years old and looking for pen pals
anywhere in the world. I have a CoCo 2, a
cassette recorder and disk drive. Anyone
wanting a pen pal, please write to me.
Carl Lindberg
1 West St.
Pawling, NY 12564
8 THE RAtNBOW January 1988
Word
(The Ultimate Word Processor for the CoCo 3)
Are you still using your CoCo2 word processor on theCoCo3 with
slip-shod patchwork? You don't have to any more. With Word
Power 3, Microcom answers the challenge of word processors for the
CoCo 3. It bridges the gap between " what is" and" what should be"
in word* processors. No other word processor offers such a
wide array of features that are so easy to learn and use. Check
out the impressive features;
DISPLAY
80- column display with true lowercase lets you view the full
width of a standard page. All the prompts are displayed in plain
English inneat colored windows. The current column number
line number; page number and the percentage of memory remaining
is displayed on the screen at all times. The program even displays the
bottom margin perforation so you know where one page ends and
the other begins. You can also change the foreground/background
color of the screen to suit your needs!
AVAILABLE MEMORY
Unlike most other word processors, Word Power 3 gives you 80 K of
memory with a I28K CoCo 3 and more than 460 K with a 512K
CoCo 3 to store text.
TYPING/EDITING
^ord Power 3 has one of the most powerful and user- friendly fulV ;
screen editors with wordwrap. All you do is type; Word Power 3
takes care of the text arrangement. It even has a built' in Auto* Save
feature which saves the current text to disk at regular intervals; so
you know that your latest version is saved on disL Here are some of
the editing features of Word Power 3:
AutO' repeat; Key-Click; Cursor up, down, left, right, beginning of
Ifrt^ end of line, next word, previous word, top of text, end of text;
page forward, backward; 4~ way scrolling; block copy, move, delete;
global search and replace (with wild' card search) ; line positioning
(left, right or center); insert/ overstrike modes; delete to beginning/
end of line, next/ previous word; and tabs. You can also embed
printer codes in text to take advantage of underlining, sub/superscript
and other printer functions. Define left, right, top and bottom
margins, and page length.
MAIL MERGE
Ever try mailing out the same letter to 500 different persons? Could
be quite a chore. Not with the Mail Merge feature of Word Power3>
Using this feature, you can type a letter; follow it through with a list of
addresses and have Word Power 3 print out personalized letters. It's
that easy!
LOADING/SAVING FILES TO DISK
Word Power3 creates ASCII format files \yhich are compatible with
almost all terminal, spell' checking, and other word- processing
programs. It allows you to load, save and kill files and also to create
and edit Basic, Pascal, C and Assembly files. Supports double* sided
drives and various drive step rates.
PRINTING
Word Power 3 drives almost any printer (DMP series, EPSON,
GEMINI, OKIDATA, etc.). Allows print options such as different
baud rates, line spacing, page pause, partial print, multi-line headers/
footers, page numbers, page number placement, and right justification.
You can also change the values for these print options within the text
by using embedded printer option codes.
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Word Power 3 comes with a well- written and easy- to- comprehend
instruction manual that makes writing with Word Power 3 a breeze.
copy, move, delete; Word Power 3 comes on disk for only $69*95,
JhJF
MICROCOM SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 214
Fairport, N.Y. 14450
Phone (716) 223-1477
Toll Free ( For Orders) 1-800*654*5244 9 am-9 pm est 7 d ayS a week
Except NY. Order Status, Information, Technical Information, NY Orders call 1-716-223-1477
All orders shipped by UPS 2nd Day Air at no extra charge. Last minute shoppers can benefit.
VISA MC, AMEX. Check. MO. Please add $3.00 S&.H (USA &. Canada), other countries $5.00 S&.H.
NYS residents please add sales tax.
Computerized processing & tracking of orders. Immediate shipment.
How To Read Rainbow
Please note that all the basic program listings in
the rainbow are formatted for a 32-character
screen — so they show up just as they do on your CoCo
. screen. One easy way to check on the accuracy of your
typing is to compare what character "goes under" what.
If the characters match — and your line endings come
out the same — you have a pretty good way of knowing
that your typing is accurate.
We also have "key boxes" to show you the minimum
system a program needs. But, do read the text before
you start typing.
Finally, the little disk and/or cassette symbols on the
table of contents and at the beginning of articles
indicate that the program is available through our
RAINBOW ON DISK Or RAINBOW ON TAPE service.
An order form for these services is on the insert card
bound in the magazine.
What's A CoCo?
CoCo is an affectionate name that was first given to
the Tandy Color Computer by its many fans, users and
owners.
However, when we use the term CoCo, we refer to
both the Tandy Color Computer and the TDP System-
100 Computer. (While many TDP-!00s are still in
service, the TDP Electronics division of Tandy no longer
markets the CoCo look-alike.) It is easier than using
both of the "given" names throughout the rainbow.
In most cases, when a specific computer is men-
tioned, the application is for that specific computer.
However, since the TDP System-100 and Tandy Color
are, for all purposes, the same computer in a different
case, these terms are almost always interchangeable.
and press enter to remove it from the area where the
program you're typing in will go.
Now, while keying in a listing from the rainbow,
whenever you press the down arrow key, your CoCo
gives the check sum based on the length and content
of the program in memory. This is to check against the
numbers printed in the rainbow. If your number is
different, check the listing carefully to be sure you typed
in the correct basic program code. For more details
on this helpful utility, refer to ri Allen Curtis' article on
Page 21 of the February 1984 rainbow.
Since Rainbow Check PLUS counts spaces and
punctuation, be sure to type in the listing exactly the
way it's given in the magazine.
10 CLS:X=25G*PEEI<(35)+178
20 CLEAR 25,X-1
30 X=256*PEEI< (35)+17B
40 FOR Z=X TO X+77
50 READ Y:W=W+Y:PRINT Z,Y;W
G0 POKE Z,Y:NEXT
70 IFW=7985THENB0ELSEPRINT
"DATA ERROR": STOP
80 EXEC X:END
90 DATA 182, 1, 106, 167, 140, 60, 134
100 DATA 126, 183, 1, 106, 190, 1, 107
110 DATA 175, 140, 50, 4B, 140, 4, 191
120 DATA 1, 107, 57, 129, 10, 38, 38
130 DATA 52, 22, 79, 158, 25, 230, 129
140 DATA 39, 12, 171, 128, 171, 128
150 DATA 230, 132, 38, 250, 48, 1, 32
160 DATA 240, 1B3, 2, 222, 48, 140, 14
170 DATA 159, 166, 166, 132, 28, 254
180 DATA 189, 173, 198, 53, 22, 126, 0
190 DATA 0, 135, 255, 134, 40, 55
200 DATA 51, 52, 41, 0
OS-9 and RAINBOW ON DISK
1) Type load dir list copy and press ENTER.
2) If you have only one disk drive, remove the OS-9
system disk from Drive 0 and replace it with the OS-
9 side of rainbow on disk. Then type chd'd0
and press enter. If you have two disk drives, leave
the sytem master in Drive 0 and put the rainbow
ON DISK in Drive 1. Then type chd'dl and press
ENTER.
3) List the read . me . f i rs t file to the screen by typing
list read. me. first and pressing ENTER.
4) Entering dir will give you a directory of the OS-9
side of rainbow on disk. To see what programs
are in the CMDS directory, enter di r cmds. Follow
a similar method to see what source files are in the
source directory.
5) When you find a program you want to use, copy it
to the cmds directory on your system disk with one
of the following commands:
One-drive system: copy /dO'cmds/ filename 'd0/
cmds/ filename -s
The system will prompt you to alternately place the
source disk (rainbow on disk) or the destination
disk (system disk) in Drive 0,
Two-drive system: copy /dl/cmds^ filename 'did'
cmds/ filename
Once you have copied the program, you execute it
from your system master by placing that disk in Drive
0 and entering the name of the file.
The Rainbow Seal
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
Rainbow Check Plus
5T
I I
The small box accompanying a program listing in
the rainbow is a "check sum" system, which is
designed to help you type in programs accurately.
Rainbow Check PLUS counts the number and values
of characters you type in. You can then compare the
number you get to those printed in the rainbow.
On longer programs, some benchmark lines are given.
When you reach the end of one of those lines with your
typing, simply check to see if the numbers match.
To use Rainbow Check PLUS, type in the program
and save it for later use, then type in the command RUN
and press enter. Once the program has run, type NEW
The OS-9 side of rainbow on disk contains two
directories: CMDS and SOURCE. It also contains a file,
read . mc . f i r s t, which explains the division of the
two directories. The CMDS directory contains executa-
ble programs and the SOURCE directory contains the
ASCII source code for these programs. BASIC09
programs witl only be offered in source form so they will
only be found in the SOURCE directory.
OS-9 is a very powerful operating system. Because
of this, it is not easy to learn at first. However, while we
can give specific instructions for using the OS-9
programs, you will find that the OS-9 programs will be
of little use unless you are familiar with the operating
system. For this reason, if you haven't "learned" OS-9
or are not comfortable with it, we suggest you read The
Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9 by Dale Puckett and
Peter Dibble.
The following is not intended as a course in OS-9. It
merely states how to get the OS-9 programs from
rainbow ON disk to your OS-9 system disk. Use
the procedures appropriate for your system. Before
doing so, however, boot the OS-9 operating system
according to the documentation from Radio Shack.
The Rainbow Certification Seal is our way of helping
you, the consumer. The purpose of the Seal is to certify
to you that any product that carries the Seal has actually
been seen by us, that it does, indeed, exist and that we
have a sample copy here at the rainbow.
Manufacturers of products — hardware, software and
firmware — are encouraged by us to submit their prod-
ucts to the rainbow for certification. We ascertain
that their products are, in actuality, what they purport
to be and, upon such determination, award a Seal.
The Seal, however, is not a "guarantee of satisfac-
tion." The certification process is different from the
review process. You are encouraged to read our reviews
to determine whether the product is right for your
needs.
There is absolutely no relationship between advertis-
ing in the rainbow and the certification process.
Certification is open and available to any product per-
taining to CoCo. A Seal will be awarded to any com-
mercial product, regardless of whether the firm adver-
tises or not.
We will appreciate knowing of instances of violation
of Seal use.
BOOKS & GRAPHICS
500
POKEs,
PEEKs,
'N
EXECs
FOR THE TRS-80 COCO
NEVER BEFORE has this infor-
mation of vital significance to a
programmer been so readily
available to everyone. This book
will help you 'GET UNDERNEATH
THE COVER' of the Color Com-
puter and develop your own HI-
QUALITY Basic and ML pro-
grams. SO WHY WAIT??
This 80-page book includes
POKEs, PEEKs and EXECs to:
★ Autostart your basic programs
★ Disable Color Basic/ECB/Disk
Basic commands like LIST,
LLIST, POKE, EXEC, CSAVE(M),
DEL, EDIT, TROM, TROFF,
PCLEAR, DLOAD, RENUM, PRINT
USINQ, D1R, KILL, SAVE, LOAD,
MERQE, RENAME, DSK1NI,
BACKUP, DSKI$, and DSKO$.
★ Disable BREAK KEY, CLEAR KEY
and RESET BUTTON.
★ Generate a Repeat-key.
★ Transfer ROMPAKS to tape (For
64K only).
★ Speed Up your programs.
★ Reset, MOTOR ON/OFF from
keyboard.
★ Recover Basic programs lost by
NEW.
★ Set 23 different
QRAPHIC/SEMIQRAPHIC modes
★ Merge two Basic programs.
★ AND MUCH MUCH MORE! II
COMMANDS COMPATIBLE WITH
16 K/32K/64K/ COLOR BASIC/ECB/DISK
BASIC SYSTEMS and CoCo 1, 1. Ge 3.
ONLY $16.95
SUPPLEMENT to
500 POKES,
PEEKS 'N EXECS
ONLY$9.95
L UU additional Pokes, Peeks'n Execs to
give you MORE PROGRAMMING POWER
Includes commands for
• Rompak Transfer to disk
• PAINT with 65000 styles!
• Use of 40 track single/double sided drives with variable
step- rates
• High-Speed Cassette Operation
• Telewriter 64®. Edtasm+® and CoCo Max®
Enhancements
• Graphics Oump (for OMP printers) & Text Screen Dump
• ANO MUCH MUCH MORE!
• 500 POKES, PEEKS' N EXECS is a prerequisite
^300 POKES
PEEKS' N EXECS
FOR THE COCO III
Get more POWER for your CoCo III. Includes
commands for
• 40/60 Column Screen Text Dump
• Save Text/ Graphics Screens to Disk
• Command/ Function Disables
• Enhancements for CoCo 3 Basic
• 128K/512K Ram Test Program
• HPRINT Character Modifier
• AND MANY MORE COMMANDS 0NLY$1 9.95
"MUST" BOOKS
UNRAVELLED SERIES: These books provide a
complete annotated listing of the
BASIC/ECB and DISK ROMa
EXTENDED COLOR BASIC UN RAVE LLEO: $39.95
DISK 8ASIC UNRAVELLED: $19.95
BOTH UNRAVELLED BOOKS: $49.95
SUPER ECB|CoCo3) UNRAVELLED: $24.95
ALL 3 UNRAVELLED BOOKS: $59.95
COCO 3 SERVICE MANUAL $39.95
COCO 2 SERVICE MANUAL: $29.95
INSIDE 0S9 LEVEL II $39.95
RAINBOW GUIOE TO 0S9 LEVEL II ON COCO 3: $19.95
RAINBOW GUIDE TO 0S9 II OiSK: $19.95
INSIDE 0S9 LEVEL II DISK: $20.00
COCO 3 SECRETS REVEALED: $19.95
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING*: $18.00
A0DENDUM FOR COCO 3: $12.00
UTILITY ROUTINES VOL 1 BOOK: $19.95
MICROCOM SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 21 4
Fairport, N.Y. 14450
Phone (71 6) 223-1477
yjyr
coco
GRAPHICS DESIGNER
Greeting Cards
Signs
Banners
The CoCo Graphics Designer allows you
to create beautifully designed Greeting
Cards, Signs and Banners for holidays,
birthdays parties, anniversaries and other
occasions Comes with a library of pre-
drawn pictures Also includes utilities
which allow you to create your own
character sets borders and graphic
pictures. Requires a TRS-80 COLOR
COMPUTER I, II OR III OR TDP-100 with
a MINIMUM OF 32K ONE DISK DRIVE
and a PRINTER compatible with DISK
BASIC 1 .0/1 .1 , ADOS 1 .0/1 .1 AN D JDOS
Supports the following printers: DMP
100/105/110/130/430, CGP220,
EPSON RX/FX, GEMIN1 1 0X, SG-10,
NX-10& 0KIDATA
DISK ONLY $29.95
PICTURE OISK #1: 100 more pictures for
CGD: $14.95
FONT DISK #1 : 10 extra fonts! $19.95
COLORED PAPER PACKS $24.95
COCO MAX III "
It's finally here! CoCo Max for the CoCo III.
Includes all the features of the acclaimed CoCo
Max II and more: CoCo Hi hi-res screen, display of
64 colors at a tima 50% larger editing window,
special effects with animation and much much
more! Comes with special hi-res interface
conversion utilities and a comprehensive manual
Disk only $79.95 Min Req: 128K CoCo III with
a disk drive.
COCO MAX II
Disk $77.95; Tape $67.95
MAX PATCH
An excellent software patch to run COCO MAX II
on COCO III. Req RS Hires Joystick Interface No
chip replacements or soldering Disk only $24.95
BOTH MAX PATCH & HI-RES INTERFACE: $34.95
COLOR MAX III DELUXE
This is the sequel to the popular Color Max hi.
Additional features include multiple screen editing,
animation, eta includes printer drivers for EPSON,
GEMINI, DMP& CGP-220 printers, Disk only
$69.95. Minimum Requirements; 51 2 K CoCo 3, RS
Hi- Res Joystick Interface and Tandy Disk Controller.
All orders $50 & above shipped by 2nd
day Air UPS with no extra charge. Last
minute shoppers can benefit
VISA MC, AMEX, Check, MO, Please add $3.00 S&H(USA& Canada), other
countries $5.00 S&K NYS residents please add sales tax Computerized
processing & tracking of orders, immediate shipment Dealer inquiries invited.
-
Call Toll Free (For Orders) 1-800-654*5244 9 am- 9 pm est7 days a week
Except NY. Order Status; Information Technical Information, NY Orders call 1-716-223-1477
Keeping in Touch
Ihad a wonderful time last weekend. At the invitation of the Cincinnati TRS-
80 Users Group, I attended their monthly meeting and spoke about two
subjects very close to my heart — the Color Computer and computers in
general.
It was a real fun day. First of all, the weather was delightful, so I was able to
fly myself to the meeting. That meant I was able to condense a one and one-half
hour trip into about 45 minutes — including the time Air Traffic Control sent
me scurrying around the sky to avoid the "big boys."
Dick White and Don Dollberg met me, and Dick even found the right airport
this time. The last time I went to Cincinnati to talk (Larry Preble flew me that
time), Dick ended up at the wrong airport and had to drive across town to get
me.
I was whisked from Blue Ash airport to the meeting site, spent about an hour
talking and another answering questions, and then went out with a whole bunch
of the UG members for pizza. Don and Dick drove me back to the airport, I started
up the plane and was home in another 45 minutes!
I like Users Group meetings. For one thing, it is always a good opportunity
to bounce ideas off the heads of a wide variety of people. And, you get an instant
response, as well. Here are some of the questions I was asked:
• Are the major software companies writing programs for the CoCo, or was that
"just some enthusiasm" in one of your columns?
Well, of course, it was enthusiam, but it is true, too. Most of these programs
are being written for Tandy, but they are being done all the same. Just look at
the titles that are available — plus, of course, all the non-Tandy third-party
software.
• How long will the Color Computer last?
Maybe forever. I know a few things — although not always as much as people
always seem to infer — and it is pretty plain that the CoCo is very much alive
and kicking. Look at this magazine, for instance. How many Apple magazines,
how many Atari magazines, how many Amiga magazines do you see that have
run right around 200 pages in the past year? People are not only buying Color
Computers, they are using them every day. Lots of people.
• Just how good is the CoCo 3 really?
As long as you don't want to do monster spreadsheets, humongous databases
(for inst ance, we don't do our subscriptions on it), write a novel or things of that
sort, the Color Computer is probably the only computer you will ever need. And,
COCO 3 UTILITIES GALORE
(All utilities support 40/80 columns for CoCo 3)
(CoCo2 versions are available for most utilities)
SUPER TAPE/DISK TRANSFER
• Disk-to-Disk Copy (1-3 passes) • Tape- to- Disk Copy • Tape- to- Disk Automatic Relocate • Disk-
to-Tape Copy • Tape-to-Tape Copy
Copies Basic/ML programs and DATA files CoCo 1, 2 & 3. 32 K Disk System (Disk to Disk Copy requires
64 K). Disk Only $24.95
0S9 LEVEL II RAMDISK
Lightning Fast Ramdisk with Auto Formatting A must for any 0S9 Level II User. Req. 51 2 K $29.95. ( Only
$14.95 with the purchase of 512 K Upgrade & Ramdisk!!).
HI- RES JOYSTICK SOFTWARE
Wish you could use the hi- res joystick interface from Basic? You can now. This program will let you access
640. x 640 pixels from your joystick for extra precision CoCo 3 Disk $1 4.95
COCO NEWSROOM
Now available for the CoCo III! You can design your own newspaper with Banner Headlines/6 articles using
sophisticated Graphics, Fonts and Fill Patterns Comes with22 fonts&50 pictures! Over 1 40 K of coda Disk
only 549.95
MAILLIST PRO
The ultimate mailing list program Allows you to add, edit, view, delete, change, $ort(byzipcodeor name) and
print labels Its indispensible! Disk Only $19.95 (CoCo 2 version included)
DISK LABEL MAKER
Allows you to design professional disk labels! Allows elongated, normal and condensed format for text,
double- strike, border creation and multiple- label printing Its a MUST for any user with a disk drive Disk
Only $19.95. Supports DMP 105/1 10/1 20/1 30/430, GEMINI, STAR, EPSON and compatibles. (CoCo 2
version included)
COMPUTERIZED CHECKBOOK
Why bother with balancing your checkbook? Let the CoCo do it for you! Allows you to add, view, search, edit,
change, delete and printout (in a table or individual entry format) checkbook entries Updates balance after
each entry. Allows files for checking saving and other accounts Disk Only $19.95 (CoCo 2 version
included)
BOWLING SCORE KEEPER
An excellent utility to keep track of your bowling scores Allows you to save scores under individuals or
teams You can edit, change, delete and compare scores A must for anyone who wants to keep track of his or
her bowling performance. Disk $19.95 (CoCo 2 version included).
VCR TAPE ORGANIZER
Organize your videocassettes with this program! Allows you to index cassettes by title, rating, type, play
time and comments Also allows you to sort titles alphabetically and view/ print selected tapes If you own a
VCR, this program is a must Disk Only $19.95 (CoCo 2 version included).
ASTRO FORTUNE TELLER
Receive answers to30 pre-defined questions on love, success, marriage, etc. This program is over 1 50 K long
and yet will run on a32K-512K systems due to modular approach Disk Only $24.95 (CoCo 2 version
included)
AD0S3
Advanced Disk Operating System for CoCo 3. $34.95 ADOS: $27,95
COCO UTIL II
(Latest Version): Transfer CoCo Disk files to IBM compatible computer. Transfer MS-DOS files to CoCq
$39.95
Makes a BACKUP of ANY disk $32.95
SPIT'N IMAGE
RGB PATCH
Displays most games in color on RGB monitors For CoCo3 Disk $24.95
ALL SOFTWARE COMPATIBLE
WITH C0C01,2&3
WORD PROCESSORS
TeleWriter-64: Best Word Processor For
CoCo 1, 2 & 3. (Cas) $47.95 (Disk) $57.95
TW-80: 80 Column Displays more features
forTW-64. CoCo 3 Disk $39.95
TELE FORM: Mail Merges Form Letters for
TW-64. $19.95
DATABASE
Pro Color File * Enhanced* 2.0: Multi-feature
Database $59.95
COMMUNICATIONS
Autoterm: Superb Terminal Program Works
with any modem! (Cas) $Z9.95(Disk) $39.95
Wiz: For OS9 II 300-19200 baud rate,
windows! Req512K& RS232 Pak
$79.95
ASSEMBLERS/COMPILERS
EOT/ ASM 64 D: Best Disk Based Editor-
Assembler for CoCa $59.95 (Specify CoCo
1,2 or 3)
THE SOURCE: Best Disassembler for CoCo.
$34.95 (Specify CoCol, 2 or 3)
CBASIC: Most powerful Basic Program
Compiler. $149.95 (Specify CoCo 1,2or3)
GAMES
(DISK ONLY)
IRON FOREST: $28.95
LIGHT PHASER W/ INTERFACE: $34.95
MISSION! RUSH ' N ASSAULT: $28.95
GRANDPRIX CHALLENGE: $28.95
GANTELET II: $28.95
GANTELET: $28.95
MISSION F-16 ASSAULT: $28.95
MARBLE MAZE: $28.95
PAPER ROUTE: $28.95
KNOCK OUT: $28.95
KARATE: $28.95
WRESTLE MANIAC: $28.95
BOUNCING BOULDERS: $28.95
THE GATES OF DELIRIUM: $28.95
CALADURIAL FLAME OF LIGHT: $28.95
LANSFORD MANSION: $28.95
P-51 MUSTANG SIMULATION: $34.95
WORLDS OF FLIGHT: $34.95
PYRAMIX Cubix® for CoCo 3: $24.95
VEGAS SLOTS (CoCo III Only): $34.95
FLIGHT 16: $34.95
MJF
MICROCOM SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 21 4
Fairport, N.Y. 14450
Phone (71 6) 223-1477
All orders $50 & above shipped by UPS 2nd Day Air at no extra charge Last minute shippers can
benfit VISA MC, AMEX, Check, MO. Please add $3.00 S&H(USA& Canada), other countries
$5.00 S&H. NYS residents please add sales tax Computerized processing
& tracking of orders. Immediate shipment Dealer inquiries invited
VtSA
Call Toll Free (For Orders) 1-800-654-5244 g am-9 pm est7 daysaweek
Except NY. Order Status, Information, Technical Information, NY Orders caM -71 6-223-1 477
when you see Multi-Vue, you 11 even be
able to stick up your nose at the Mac's
user interface.
• Is Tandy really committed to the
Color Computer?
Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full. The
reason is simple: The CoCo is profitable
for Tandy. Remember, it is a big corpo-
ration, and big companies sometimes
find it difficult to "express their appre-
ciation" to a customer. I think Tandy
does one heck of a job, though. For
instance, they gave away 6,000 power
controllers at RAINBOWfest in Prince-
ton this year. "It was," an official told
me, "one way we could say 'thanks'."
Don't be surprised if something else
comes down at the Chicago show.
• How does Tandy support stack up?
I know of no other computer manu-
facturing company that has the network
of free support Tandy does. Of course,
they drop the ball on occasion. But at
least there is a commitment to have a
ball to drop. You have more avenues of
free support from Tandy than from any
other computer company in the world.
And the same goes for their service.
Ever try to get an Atari computer fixed?
Forget about locally — anywhere. At
least in your lifetime.
• Given all the OS-9 systems Micro-
ware has sold to us via Tandy, why don 't
they show us some support by at least
doing some 'image* advertising in THE
RAINBOW?
I dunno. (I love questions like this.)
"You have more
avenues of free
support from Tandy
than from any other
computer company
in the world. n
• Are we ever going to see program
listings disappear from the magazine? I
heard you were going to just print the
instructions and let us buy the disks or
tapes if we wanted the programs.
No way. There will always be pro-
grams listed in THE RAINBOW.
• What is your favorite program?
Telewriter. Not only is it a well-done
program, but it opened a whole, vast
new dimension in software with its high
resolution screen for text. Hundreds of
programmers use it now, but Howard
Cohen was the first. Telewriter contrib-
uted as much to the success of the Color
Computer as anything else.
• How is Delphi doing?
Very well, thanks. The CoCo SIG is
the most-used area of Delphi, with the
other major SIG we offer, PC/ MS-
DOS, pretty much the second. In fact,
except for the original invitation (which
was delivered in person), all the
arrangements for my coming to this
meeting were handled through Delphi
Mail.
That's about it, except for some other
questions I want to discuss at length
later. Thanks, CINTUG, for having me,
and thanks, CINTUG members, for
listening to me.
And thanks to all of you, RAINBOW
readers and members of the CoCo
Community, for being with us last year.
I look forward to being with you
through this new year. To you and
yours, a Happy and Healthy 1988!
— Lonnie Falk
Two-Liner Contest Winner . . .
Here's one for those of you who just like to clown
around. If you are running it on a CoCo 3, you might
want to enter PALETTE RGB first.
The listing:
1 PMODE 3,1:PCLS:SCREEN1,0:M=90:
K=160 : L=185 : CIRCLE (K, M) , 60 , 0 , 1 . 5
: CIRCLE ( 135 , 80) , 20 , 0 , 1 . 5 : CIRCLE (
L,80) , 20,0, 1.5: CIRCLE (K,110) ,20:
PAINT(K,110) ,0,0:CIRCLE(135,M) ,7
: CIRCLE (L,M) ,7: PAINT ( 135, M) ,3,0:
PAINT (L,M) ,3,0: CIRCLE (K, 150) ,30,
, .5:PAINT(K,160) ,3,0
2 CIRCLE(98,M) ,15,0,1.5, .2, . 8 : CI
RCLE(222,M) , 15 , 0 , 1 . 5 , . 7 , .3:PAINT
(99, M) , 2,0: PAINT (222, M) ,2,0: PAIN
T(K,40) ,2,0: CIRCLE (118, 30) ,15, ,2
, .4, .9:PAINT(110,30) ,0,0: CIRCLE (
200,30) ,15, ,2, .6, .1: PAINT (209, 30
) ,0,0:PAINT(135,M) ,RND(3) ,0:PAIN
T(L,M) ,RND(3) ,0:GOTO2
Rick Cooper
Liberty, KY
(For this winning two-liner contest entry, the author has been sent copies
of both The Third Rainbow Book of Adventures and its companion The
Third Rainbow Adventures Tape.)
Two-Liner Contest Winner . . .
We often see frost on our windows, but what about
on our monitors? This one is for your CoCo 3. If using
an RGB monitor, enter PRLETTE RGB before running.
The listing:
1 N=90:DIMX(99) ,Y(99) :HCOLOR8,2:
HSCREEN4 : FORZ==0TO1STEP0 : FORL=lTO
N : X=X ( L) : Y=Y ( L) : A=X : B=Y : IFX=0AND
Y=0THENX(L) =RND(638) : Y (L) =RND(19
0):NEXTL,Z ELSER=RND(4) : IFR=1AND
X>1THENX=X-1ELSEIFR==2ANDX<63 8THE
NX=X+1ELSEIFR=3ANDY>1THENY=Y-1EL
SEIFY=4ANDY<190THENY=Y+1
2 POKE65497,0:IFHPOINT(X+1,Y)=1O
RHPOINT (X+l , Y+l) =10RHPOINT (X, Y+l
) =10RHPOINT (X-l , Y) =10RHPOINT (X-l
, Y-l) =10RHPOINT (X, Y-l) =10RHPOINT
(X+l , Y-l ) =10RHPOINT (X-l , Y-l ) =1TH
ENX (L) ==X: Y (L) =Y : HSET (A, B, 1) : NEXT
L,Z ELSEHRESET (A, B) :HSET(X,Y,1) :
NEXTL, Z
B.J. Br y son
Manahawkin, NJ
(For this winning two-liner contest entry, the author has been sent copies
of both The Third Rainbow Book of Adventures and its companion The
Third Rainbow Adventures Tape.)
14 THE RAINBOW January 1988
r
ALL HARDWARE COMPATIBLE WITH COC0 1, 2 & 3
DISK DRIVES
Double Sided, Double Density 360 K 40 track disk drives for the Color Computer 1,2 and 3. Buy from
someone else and all you get is a disk drive Buy from us and not only do you get a quality disk drive, you also
get $60 worth of disk utility software (Super Tape/Disk Transfer and Disk Tutorial) and our DISKMAX
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0NE!! DRIVE 1 (Completely Assembled) $1 49.95
DRIVE 0 (With J&M Controller & Cable) $229.95
(90 day warranty on all drives)
J&M CONTROLLER (With RSDOS) $79.95
DISTO SUPER CONTROLLER: $99.95
DRIVE CARLES: 1 DRIVE CARLE: $19.95 2 DRIVE CARLE: $24.95 4 DRIVE CARLE: $39.95
(For Drives, add $7.00 S&H in USA/ CANADA)
COMMUNICATIONS
-EXTRAVAGANZA
t) AVATEX 1200 MODEM: Hayes
compatible 300/1 200 Baud, Auto- Dial/
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(With AVATEX 1200 he instead of
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#26-3026/7, 26-3134 & 26-3136: $29.95
CABLES/SWITCHERS/
ADAPTERS _
RS232 Y CABLE: Hook 2 devices to the
serial port ONLY $18.95
Y CABLE: Use your Disk System with
CoCo Max, DS69, eta ONLY $24.95
15' PRINTER/MODEM EXTENDER CABLE:
ONLY $16.95
MODEM CABLE: 4 pin to DB25: $19.95
15" MULTIPA K/ROMPAK EXTENDER
CABLE: $29.95
3- POSITION SWITCHER: Select any one of
three RS232 devices (printers/ modems)
from the serial port $37.95
WICO TRACK 8ALL: $29.95
WICO ADAPTER: Use Atari type Joysticks
with your CoCa $29.95
RS HI- RES JOYSTICK INTERFACE: $1 1.99
MA6NAV0X8505/8515/8CM643 Analog
RGB Cable: $24.95
CM-B RGB Analog Ext. Cable: $19.95
SONY Monitor Cable: $39.95
EPROM
INTRONICS EPROM PROGRAMMER: Best
EPROM Programmer for the CoCa
Lowest Price Anywhere $137.95
EPROM ERASER (Datarase): Fast erase of
24/28 pin EPROM& $49.95
EPROMS: 2764 -$8.00, 27128 -$9.00
Call for other EPROM&
BOTH EPROM PROGRAMMER and ERASER:
$179.95
ROMPAK w/ Blank PC Board 27 xx Series:
$12.95
VIDEO
UNIVERSAL VIDEO DRIVER: For
monochrome or color monitor. $29.95
VIDEO CLEAR: Reduce TV interference.
$19.95
KEYBOARDS/ ACCESSORIES
KEYBOARD EXTENSION CABLE: Why
break your back when typing on the
CoCo? Our keyboard extender cable
allows you to move your keyboard
away from the computer and type with
ease You can use your existing
keyboard with this cable or leave your
present keyboard intact and use a
second keyboard A MUST for all CoCo
Users Only $39.95. Cable with CoCo II
keyboard: $49.95
COCO 3 KEYBOARD (includes FREE
FUNCTION KEYS software value
$19.95): $39.95
CHIPS, ETC
PRINTER INTERFACES _
SERIAL TO PARALLEL INTERFACE: With6
switch selectable baud rates (300-9600)
Comes with all cablea $44.95
Disk Basic Bom 1.1 (Needed for CoCo
III): $14.95
Multi-Pak PAL Chip for CoCo 3 (Specify
Multipak Cat #): $19.95
PAL Switcher: Now you can switch
between the CoCo II and CoCo III
modes when using the Multi-Pak You
need the OLDER and NEW PAL chip for
the 26-3024 Multipak Only $29.95/
With NEW PAL Chip $39.95
MICROCOM SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 21 4
Fairport, N.Y. 14450
Phone (71 6) 223-1477
All orders$50 and above(except Disk Drives) shipped byUPS2nd Day Air at
no EXTRA charge We accept VISA/MC/AMEX, Check or MO. Please add
$3.00 S&H(USA/CANADA; other countries $5.00), except where otherwise
mentioned. NYS Residents please add sales ta& Prices are subject to
change All products are covered by manufacturer's warranty.
MantwCard
Call Toll Free (For Orders) 1-800-654-5244 9 am- 9 pm est 7 days a week
Except NY. Order Statu* Information, Technical Inforrnatioa NY Orders call 1-71 6-223-1 477
About
Your
Subscription
Your copy of the rainbow is
sent second class mail. You
must notify us of a new address
when you move. Notification
should reach us no later than
the 15th of the month prior to
the month in which you change
your address. Sorry, we cannot
be responsible for sending
another copy when you fail to
notify us.
Your mailing label also
shows an account number and
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I date. Please indicate this ac-
| count number when renewing
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For Canadian and other non-
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ing address. Send it to our edi-
torial offices at Falsoft, Inc.,
The Falsoft Building, P.O. Box
385, Prospect, KY 40059. This
applies to everyone except
those whose subscriptions are
through our distributor in Aus-
tralia.
16 THE RAINBOW January 1988
Bu il din g J a nua ry s Ra i nbow
Our Beginners ff Boot"
Here it is, January, the beginning of a new year and a year of new beginnings. It's
a time when many of us resolve to terminate bad habits and promise ourselves
to achieve personal goals. And, just as personal objectives and challenges are
established to enhance the year's opportunities, here at THE rainbow, we are in the same
frame of mind. I'm certain that this, our Beginners issue, can help launch what promises
to be a successful year for you, us and the entire CoCo Community.
If you're new to computing, we welcome you to the CoCo (that's our nickname for the
Color Computer) Community and the rainbow, where an incredibly diverse group of
Color Computer users — all with varying interests and levels of knowledge in computing
— share ideas and experiences and learn from each other.
This month, for the many new CoCo users, our Copy Editor, Lauren Willoughby, shares
her first experiences as a CoCo beginner and hopes to make yours more enjoyable by
showing you the ins and outs of computing in "Starting from Scratch." This special feature
includes a staff collaboration of hints and tips, covers the basics of typing, loading and
saving programs, and describes the general format of reading the magazine.
To help you understand what you are reading, Lee Veal demystifies some of the jargon
associated with computing in " A Glossary of Computer Terms." The coverage is broad
and the definitions do not go into any great depth, but the information provided should
boost your confidence and help you get a good start in the CoCo world.
Of course, getting started on the right foot is just as important to the advanced users
breaking ground in new levels of computing.
If you're interested in learning to program, David Ostler covers some of the most used
commands in "BASIC for Beginners"; regular columnist, Joseph Kolar, tutors beginners
in "BASIC Training"; and OS-9 guru, Dale Puckett, is back at the OS-9 drawing board
with the KISSDraw project.
For those who need a better understanding of using the OS-9 operating system, rainbow
Technical Editor, Cray Augsburg, offers his advice in "OS-9 — Catch the Wave" and Nancy
Ewart gives her assistance in "Stalking the Fire-Breathing Dragon."
For the hardware buffs, Contributing Editor, Bill Barden, discusses disk basics —
operation, tracks and sectors, file management, directories, etc. — in "Delving Into the
CoCo Disk." Hardware specialist, Tony DiStefano, shows you how to add an LED (Light
Emitting Diode) to the disk controller, and Ray Onley helps make the CoCo child-proof
with a simple-to-build keyboard-locking device.
The emphasis on new beginnings continues throughout this month's programs. To start
an organized year, Robert Schlottmann's Tax Info helps CoCoists keep tax records in order,
Bill Holdorfs Appointment Calendar tracks and prints out monthly schedules, and
management consultant, Larry Paroubek assists you in "Finding the Right Person for the
Job" with a program that creates detailed job descriptions.
But beginning a new year cannot be all work and no play. Some of the fun includes
Usetown Annex, a Simulation by Paul French that casts the player as a big-time land
developer who must build a town from scratch while staying within a budget of $14 million;
Clowns, by Bill Bernico and George Aftamonow, which allows you to mix and match facial
features to create over 100 different clown faces; and Urchin, by Eric Tiienius, a short,
fun game with an extremely bizarre scenario — giant sea urchins attacking helpless
blackboard letters.
And, wrapping it all up is another splendid illustration by our cover artist Fred Crawford,
who has been doing rainbow's wrapping for five years now! Fred's first cover was that
great attacking dragon on our January 1983 issue.
If you're an artist yourself, get ready for our CoCo Gallery competition for the Chicago
RAINBOWfest, where the winning entries will be hung in a special exhibition for all
RAINBOWfest attendees to view. Details will be announced in next month's issue, but
basically, we'll be wanting framed printouts or screen photographs that are ready for display
at the Test.
So, a month for beginners and the CoCo enters its ninth calendar year, with the best
yet to come.
— Jutta Kapfhammer
iniif fast 101 OTVie
SUPER MAX III INTERFACE
m
mm
Switch between
Color Max III
and ???
Use EXISTING
SOFTWARE*
or write your
ownl Includes
($24.95)
utility software,
BONANZA for FREE !
$39.95
♦Compatible with POPULAR CoCo III
graphics software programs that use
HARDWARE JOYSTICK interfaces ! Bring
your CoCo III to the MAX !
51 2K
COCO
$249.95
* Includes CoColll Software Bonanza
package - a $150 plus value ! ! !
Offer expires 1/20/88
THE ULTIMATE
HOLIDAY GIFT !
in
COLORMAX DELUXE - BETTER THAN COCO MAX
It's here I The CoColll BREAKTHROUGH PRODUCT everyone was waiting fori 320x200 graphics , pull down menus, icons
the choice of any 16 colors from the CoCo Ill's 64 color palette plus RGB support I Eleven (11) fonts are
included for hundred's - of lettering styles and painting is a breeze with 16 colors and 32 editable patterns 1 1 1
Color Max Deluxe requires a 512K CoCo III and Hi-Res Joystick interface . T Specify printer !) $69.95. Color Max
Deluxe Pont B±ltor - create and modify fonts for use with Color Max Deluxe $29.95. HI -RES Interface
F0N1 DISK #1 k SPECIAL BONUS - BUY ABOVE 4 for only $99.95 1 ! ! (SAVE $35)
$19.95
III
$14.95
See pg.138 10/87
Rainbow review
TW-80 - 8Q COLUMNS FOR TW-64 OIM COCO
It* s finally here! An 80 column version of Telewriter-64 for the CoCo III with TKLKPATCH features plus much,
much more! Includes PRINT SPOOLER & (2) ultra-fast RAM DISKS for 512K users, plus changeable CHARACTER FONTS &
a setup CONFIG pgm. Req. TW-64 DISK & 128K CoCo 111*^39.95 / SPECIAL BONUS COMBO - TW-64 & TW-80" $99.95
OS9 Lev.11 Ramdisk
Driver $29.95
SUPER TALK 51 2 DIGITAL VOICE FOR COCO III
Turn your 512K CoColll into a Digital Voice Recorder ! Not synthesized speech, but 100% reproduction of your
own voice! Create BIG MESSAGES , up to 32 blocks of 16K each. Reg. 512K~ CoCoIII DISK . From Dr. Preble $39.95
51 2K UPGRADE ($49.95T°r^W
Easy installation with a superior design for a reliable upgrade. (*$49.95 when purchased with our
RAMDISK for $24.95 and our 0^9 Lev. II RAMDISK for $29.95). Or $79.95 with either RAMDISK program! Plus, FREE
512K RAM sticker with purchase ! 512K upgrade without RAM chips $29.95, Cheapest prices in Rainbow , period 1 ! 1
HI-RES JOYSTICK UTILITY SOFTWARE BONANZA !
New useful programs for the Tandy Hi -Res Joystick Interface ! Get FULL 640X640 mouse & joystick resolution from
BASIC or run CoCoMaxII on the CoColll w/o the CoCoMax cartridge $24.95Tw7H^s Interface $34.95
RGB PATCH NO MORE BLACK & WHITE DOTS ...
Did you buy an expensive RGB monitor ( CM-8 ) just so that you could see your Hi-Res artif acting CoCo 2 games in
BLACK & WHITE ??? RGB PATCH converts most games to display in COLOR on an RGB monitor. 128K DISK $29.95
COCO NEWSROOM ~ 22 FONTS & SO PICTURES !
Compose your own " CoCo NEWSPAPER " w/ BANNER HFADT.INES & 6 ARTTCT.ES using a SOPHISTICATED graphics editor with
importing of PICTURES , FONTS & FILL PATTERNS from disk. Over 140K "of code & WYSIWYG ! CoColll DISK $49.95
Sharper & Brighter
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Do NOT be POOLED! The CM-8 has a dot-pitch of ,52mm & will not work with any other cxrnputer or VCR! The •8515*
has a SHARP .42mm dot -pitch, will work with JBM PCs/^nSyT^OO and its COLOR COMPOSITE ^nput displays PM0DE4
artifact colors unlike the CM-81 *$299.95 when purchased with a $24.95 CoColll cable - Add $14 shipping.
CoCo III 512K RAM sticker $4.99
Level II Quick Ref Guide $4.99
Level II Basic09 binder ..$9.95
300 CoColll POKES ,$19.95
CoColll MuTtiPak PAL chip .$19.95
Guide to~CoCoIII Graphics .$21.95
Better CoColll Graphics $24.95
CoCo III Unraveled $29.95
CoCo III Service Manual $39.95
FASHXJPE 512 Format & Backup up to 4 single- /double-sided, 35/40 trk disks in 1 PASS! Even 0S9 Lev. Il l $19.95
BIG BUFFER - 437,888 byte spooler for a HVAK CoColll ! Print up to 200 text pages while using your CoCo! $19.95
| QS-9 Level U Font H3itor $29.95 | PYRAMDC - Lowest price! $18.95 |
All orders plus $3 S/H (Foreign add $5) - NYS Residents add Sales Tax
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
PO BOX 264 HOWARD BEACH NY 11414
See our other ads on pages 25 & 27
It
Circus
James A. Upperman
James, an architect in
Amfin, Ohio, devised this
entertaining exhibition of
a spectacular circus
show in basic.
Ninja
Jeffery Chubay and Tad Hlldebrandt
Jeff and Ted live in
Roseau River, Manitoba,
and used a program Jeff
wrote to design this
graphic of a ninja warrior.
Both Jeff and Ted are self-
taught programmers.
J * nu *ry 1988
Commun^ f®^ phone nu ^ e lvouuseo.etc^"°
ho wlod>8P^ n ' „ 0 dbv someone else, ^
$ 4005*- Remember, ^ Cor ator
S«rtbe^ elaKap thammer,Cu
1
HONORABLE MENTION
Unearthly Visitor
Brad Bansner
Color Max 3 was
used so everyone
could encounter this
extraterrestrial. Brad,
of Wyomissing,
Pennsylvania, enjoys
long-distance road
racing and CoCoing.
Baby New Year Logan Ward
Logan, of Memphis, Tennessee, used Color
Max 3 to deliver this jovial message to the
CoCo Community.
It
1
Space
Chris Kawchuk
The CoCo 1 and basic were
used to create this perspective
of a man in outer space. Chris
lives in Mississauga, Ontario,
and enjoys baseball, music,
programming in assembly and
drawing in basic.
January
1988
L Tutoria l
Tips to get the new user up and running
Starting From Scratch
By Lauren Willoughby
Since this is rainbow's Beginners
issue, we thought we would give
CoCo newcomers a few handy
pointers on dealing with their new
Color Computers. I'm a beginner, too,
new to THE rainbow and the CoCo.
"Wait a minute!" you're saying. "If
you're a beginner, what can you teach
me?" Good question. True, I am an
utter novice, and I make stupid mis-
takes. I know what it is to be frustrated
by the I/O Error, the OM Error, and
all those other unspeakable nasties.
But this is not exactly a case of the
blind leading the blind — I have a
distinct advantage. CoCo wizard Cray
Augsburg and the rest of the rainbow
editorial staff are just a wail away. They
have become used to my howls of
frustration and patiently point out my
mistakes.
In fact, my CoCo blunders are what
inspired this article, I think. We're not
sure exactly how it got started, but
several editorial staff members had a
hand in writing it. So, actually, I feel a
little guilty having my name up there.
This article is intended especially for
those who are brand new to computing,
covering the basics of formatting, sav-
ing, loading, etc., by taking the new user
through the steps of typing in a RAIN-
BOW program. But reading this is no
substitute for studying your manual!
It's Set Up — Now What?
After you have taken your Color
Computer, monitor, cassette recorder
and /or disk drive from their packages
and set them up, you are probably
anxious to start "computing." But what
is involved in "computing"? What
exactly can your CoCo do?
There is a world of programs out
there that do amazing things. Your
A recent graduate of Eastern Kentucky
University, Lauren Willoughby works
as rainbow's copy editor. Even though
she owns a Commodore, the rest of the
staff manages to be nice to her.
CoCo possesses fantastic capabilities —
with software it can help you: organize
your life (see Calendar, Page 100, Tax
Info, Page 112, and Job Description,
Page 106); perform fancy business
calculations (see Payments, Page 82,
and CoCo Saver, Page 84); write, by
acting as a word processor; draw respec-
table pictures, even if there's not an
artistic bone in your body (see "CoCo
Gallery," Page 18, and Clown Faces,
Page 44); write and play music (check
out MUSI and MUS2, Page 72); learn and
teach — as an educational tool, the
CoCo is peerless (see Typer, Page 82,
Sentence Fragments, Page 90, and
Fastfood, Page 54); use programs called
utilities to help the computer in its own
operation (see Smoothy, Page 78, and
Color Tester, Page 80); plug into an
international network (with a tele-
phone, modem and membership in a
BBS or online database (see Delphi Ad,
Page 122, and the BBS listings, Page 8);
and, of course, play games (see Urchin,
Page 31, and Usetown Annex, Page 58)!
But CoCo can do lots more. To get
an idea of the possibilities, thumb
through this issue and examine both our
published programs and the many
others available from our advertisers.
The printed programs are for your
personal use, just for buying THE RAIN-
BOW. But, first, you will have to decide
whether to type them in or rely on our
tape and disk services.
Typing in programs has several ad-
vantages, improved keyboarding skills
and familiarity with BASIC among them.
But if the idea of typing in program
listings does not appeal to you, a solu-
tion would be to purchase RAINBOW ON
TAPE or RAINBOW ON DISK, which in-
clude all of the programs RAINBOW
publishes each month, ready to load
and run on your computer (see Page 94
for more details). The typing time you
save can be spent using your computer
for things you enjoy.
Preparation
Before you begin typing in programs,
there are a few things you'll need to
know. If you own a CoCo 3, you will
probably be able to run every program
RAINBOW publishes. CoCo 1 and 2
owners, however, won't be able to use
the programs written specifically for the
CoCo 3 on their machines. And some
CoCo 2 programs won't run properly
on the CoCo 1.
CoCo History
There are three versions of the Color
Computer, or CoCo: CoCo 1, CoCo
2 and CoCo 3. The newer the model, the
more power and capabilities it has avail-
able. The CoCo 3 is the most powerful and
versatile, with 128K (128 kilobytes of
memory, but expandable to 512K) and the
option of using OS-9 Level II, (OS-9 is a
sophisticated and powerful computer
operating system).
The first CoCo, which we now refer to
as the CoCo 1, started with 4K RAM
(Random Access Memory). It wasn't long
before ways were found for these machines
to access 64K, with 32K available to the
user for basic programs. All CoCos con-
tain ROM in addition to RAM. The ROM
(Read-Only Memory) contains the BASIC
language you can use for writing your
programs. ROM interprets these programs
by explaining to the computer what the
program wants to do.
The more recent CoCo 2 offers few
capabilities over its older brother. The
most notable differences include a smaller,
sleeker case design and a completely
revamped circuit board layout. A major
difference is the lack of a 12-volt supply
inside the machine.
The CoCo 1 and 2 are able to use two
different BASIC interpreters: Color BASIC
and Extended Color basic. Extended
Color BASIC offers several powerful fea-
tures not included in the plain vanilla
Color basic. These added features include
math functions and, perhaps more impor-
tant to many users, high resolution and
graphics capabilities.
The CoCo 3 uses only one ROM chip.
This chip contains "patched" versions of
Color basic and Extended Color BASIC, in
addition to new programming for the
many enhancements in the machine. This
added programming for colors, graphics,
etc., is often referred to as "Super" Ex-
tended Color BASIC It is because of these
additions that most CoCo 3 programs
won't operate on a CoCo 1 or 2.
20
THE RAINBOW January 1988
The Amazing A-BUS\k
An A* BUS system with two Motherboards
A-BUS adapter in foreground
The A-BUS system works with the original CoCo,
theCoCo2 and the CoCo 3,
About the A-BUS system:
• Ail the A-BUS cards are very easy to use with any language that can
read or write to a Port or Memory. In BASIC, use IN P and OUT (or PEEK and
POKE with Apples and Tandy Color Computers)
• They are all compatible with each other You can mix and match up to 25
cards to fit your application. Card addresses are easily set with jumpers.
• A-BUS cards are shipped with power supplies (except PD-123) and
detailed manuals (including schematics and programming examples).
Relay Card RE-140:$129
Includes eight industrial relays. (3 amp contacts. SPST) individually
controlled and latched. 8 LED's show status. Easy to use (OUT or POKE in
BASIC). Card address is jumper selectable.
Reed Relay Card re-156: $99
Same features as above, but uses 8 Reed Relays to switch low level signals
(20mA max). Use as a channel selector, solid state relay driver, etc.
Analog Input Card AD-142:$129
Eight analog inputs. 0 to +5V range can be expanded to 1 00 V by adding a
resistor. 8 bit resolution (20mV). Conversion time 120 us. Perfect to
measure voltage, temperature, light levels, pressure, etc. Very easy to use.
12 Bit A/D Converter AN-146:$139
This analog to digital converter is accurate to .025%. Input range is -4Vto
+4V. Resolution: 1 millivolt. The on board amplifier boosts signals up to 50
times to read microvolts. Conversion time is 1 30ms. Ideal for thermocouple^
strain gauge, etc. 1 channel. (Expand to 8 channels using the RE-1 56 card).
Digital Input Card in-141: $59
The eight inputs are optically isolated, so it's safe and easy to connect any
"on/off" devices, such as switches, thermostats, alarm loops, etc. to your
computer. To read the eight inputs, simply use BASIC INP (or PEEK).
24 Line TTL I/O dg-148:$65
Connect 24 input or output signals (switches or any TTL device) to your
computer. The card can be set for: input, latched output, strobed output,
strobed input and/or bidirectional strobed I/O. Uses the 8255 A chip.
Clock with Alarm cl-144: $89
Powerful clock/calendar with: battery backup for Time, Date and Alarm
setting (time and date); built in aiarm relay, led and buzzer; timing to 1 /t00
second. Easy to use decimal format. Lithium battery included.
Touch Tone® Decoder ph-i45:$79
Each tone is converted into a number which is stored on the board. Simply
read the number with INP or POKE Use for remote control projects, etc.
A-BUS Prototyping Card pr-i52:$15
3% by 4% in, with power and ground bus. Fits up to 10 I.C.S
Plug into the future
With the A-BUS you can plug your PC (IBM, Apple,
TRS-80) into a future of exciting new applications in the fields
of control, monitoring, automation, sensing, robotics, etc.
Alpha's modular A-BUS offers a proven method to build your
"custom" system today. Tomorrow, when you are ready to take
another step, you will be able to add more functions. This is ideal for
first time experimenting and teaching.
A-BUS control can be entirely done iri simple BASIC or Pascal,
and no knowledge of electronics is required!
An A-BUS system consists of the A-BUS adapter plugged into
your computer and a cable to connect the Adapter to 1 or 2 A-BUS
cards. The same cable will also fit an A-BUS Motherboard for
expansion up to 25 cards in any combination.
The A-BUS is backed by Alpha's continuing support (our 11th
year, 50000 customers in over 60 countries).
The complete set of A-BUS User's Manuals is available for $10.
Smart Stepper Controller sc-i49:$299
World's finest stepper controller. On board microprocessor controls 4
motors simultaneously, incredibly, it accepts plain English commands like
"Move arm 10.2 inches left*. Many complex sequences can be defined as
"macros" and stored in the on board memory. For each axis, you can control:
coordinate (relative or absolute), ramping, speed, step type (half. full. wave),
scale factor, units, holding power, etc. Many inputs: 8 limit & "wait until"
switches, panic button, etc. On the fly reporting of position, speed, etc. On
board drivers (350 mA) for small steppers (M0-1 03). Send for SC-1 49 flyer.
Remote Control Keypad Option RC-1 21 : $49
To control the 4 motors directly, and "teach" sequences of motions.
Power Driver Board Option PD-1 23: $89
Boost controller drive to 5 amps per phase. For two motors (eight drivers).
Breakout Board Option BB-1 22: $1 9
For easy connection of 2 motors. 3 ft. cable ends with screw terminal board,
Stepper Motor Driver sr-i43:$79
Stepper motors are the ultimate in motion control The special package
(below) includes everything you need to get familiar withthem. Each card
drives two stepper motors (1 2V. bidirectional. 4 phase, 350mA per phase).
Special Package: 2 motors (M(MQ3) + ST-1 43: PA-181: $99
Stepper Motors MCM03: $15or4for$39
Pancake type, 2VT dia, V*" shaft, 7.5°/step, 4 phase bidirectional. 300
step/sec, 1 2 V, 36 ohm, bipolar, 5 oz-in torque, same as Airpax K8270 1 -P2.
Current Developments
Intelligent Voice Synthesizer, 14 Bit Analog to Digital converter, 4 Channel
Digital to Analog converter. Counter Timer. Voice Recognition.
A-BUS Adapters for:
IBM PC, XT, AT and compatibles. Uses one short slot.
Tandy 1 000, 1 000 EX & SX, 1 200, 3000. Uses one short slot.
Apple II, II +, He. Uses any slot.
TRS-80 Model 102, 200 Plugs into 40 pin 'system bus*
Model 100. Uses 40 pin socket (Socket \s duplicated on adaoter).
TRS-80 Mod 3,4,4 D. Fits 50 pin bus. (With hard disk, use Y-cable!
TflS-flG Model4P. !ncta(^
TRS-80 Model I Plugs into '40 ptn f/O feus on Kfor
Color Computers (Tandy).Fits ROM slot Multipak. or V-cable
A-BUS Cable (3 ft, so cond.) ca-163: $24
Connects the A-BUS adapter to one A-BUS card or to first Motherboard.
Special cable for two A-BUS cards: CA-1 62: $34
A-BUS Motherboard mb-i20:$99
Each Motherboard holds five A-BUS cards. A sixth connector allows a
second Motherboard to be added to the first (with connecting cable CA-
161: $1 2). Up to five Motherboards can be joined this way to a single A-
BUS adapter. Sturdy aluminum frame and card guides included.
• The A-BUS is not a replacement for the Multipak
CL-144
RE-1 40
IN-141
AR-1 33.469
AR-1 33.469
AR-1 34.449
AR-1 36.469
AR-135 .$69
AR-1 32 449
AR-1 38 449
AD-142
Add 53.00 per order for shipping.
Visa, MC, checks, M.O. welcome.
CT & NY residents add sales tax.
C.O.O. add S3. 00 extra.
Canada: shipping is $5
Overseas add 10%
ALPHA
a Sigma Industries Company 242- W West Avenue, Darien, CT 06820
Technical info; (203) 656-1806
SMf* 800 221-0916
Connecticut orders: (203) 348-9436
All lines open weekdays 9 to 5 Eastern time
SPECIAL
Good through
January 31, 1967
FREE DEMO DISK
AND COCOSHOW -|-
PROGRAM
When you order CoCo Max
1 ) Free Font Disk a $24.95 value
2) Free CGP-220 Color Driver
the world's best: 125 colors a $1 9.95 value
3) The complete Font library
(4 disks) for Only $29.95 (a $99 value)
. Only $79.95 including the deluxe hi-res interface.
Your
choice off:
aliii
ii
must be the most enjoyable, useful,
and awesome program you've ever
seen or your money back.
Instant ty,
no questions asked.
CALL NOW TOLL FREE 1 -800 221 ISm and let the fun begin
A FEW QUOTES I
[ a^pst turns y ° . tosh .
l^rnStrS color, very easy
and again as
/n
the
- aaa/n and ago'"
CoCo Amenca Quo
I presentable P"*" en oy"J9 '
\ hours lust doo^ 9 8 „i y to the
I all the things .
exPe«enorBuV«.VOU*ont
be sorry,
Note; There is only one CoCo Max III. Do not confuses «'s CoCo Max with similar sounding imitations.
KflfiR
SP
"The best program ever written for the Color Computer"
Thafs how thousands of enthusiastic users rated
the CoCo Max 1 1 drawing program. With CoCo Max
III we are ready to amaze them again. Instead of
"patching" CoCo Max II, we rewrote it from scratch
to take advantage of the CoCo Max III hardware.
The results will knock your socks off ! Below is a
brief list of some of the new features, but some,
such asanimation, color sequencing, or the slide
show, have to be seen. Send for the Demo Disk, and
see for yourself.
Everybody's favorite drawing package features:
- A 50% larger editing window. - Zoom area 400%
larger. - New drawing tools: rays, 3D cubes, arcs,... >
New editing tools: shadow,text size,... - Rotate by 1.5°
steps - Select any 1 6 of the 64 possible colors (all 64
colors displayed at once!) - Powerful color mix: additive,
subtractive, overlay,... - Full color editing of patterns
and color changing patterns. - Incredible special eff-
ects with color cycling up to 8 colors with variable
speed. -Animation adds the dimension of motion to
your image. (Must be seen.) - Sophisticated data com-
pression saves up to 70% of disk space when saving
pictures.
In addition, there are dozens of enhancements to the
multitude of features that made CoCo Max II a bestseller.
More about CoCo Max III
• CoCo Max III is not an upgrade of CoCo Max IK It is entirely
rewritten to take advantage of the new CoCo 3 hardware
(More memory, resolution, colors, speed,...)
• The new CoCo Max Hi Hi-Res Interface and the CoCo Max II
Hl-Res Pack are not interchangable.
• The new interface plugs into the joystick connector.
• The CoCo Max Hi disk is not copy protected.
• CoCo Max Hi only works with the CoCo 3.
• A Y-Cable or Multi-pak is not necessary,
• Colors are printed in five shades of gray.
• CoCo Max IH can read CoCo Max li pictures.
Note: CoCo Max II (for the CoCo 2) is still available on disk
($79.95). CoCo Max I is -still available on tape ($69.95). For
details, refer to our double page ad in any Rainbow from
January '86 to July '87
Toll Free operators are for orders only. If you need precise answers, call
the tech line. (Detained CoCo Max specs are included with the Demo Disk.)
Add $3,00 par ordir for shipping.
Vtw, MC. chacki. M.O. welcome.
CT residents tdd sells tin
CO. 0. sdd $3.00 extre.
Csnsds: shlpplno Is $5
Oversees sdd 10%
I Technical info:
Orrjers only
II
(203) 656-1806
Except in CT 800 221-0916
Connecticut orders: (203) 348-9436
All lines open weekdays 9 to 5 Eastern time
J* Beware of Inferior imitations that DO NOT include a Hi-Res interface
or charqe extra tor each utility.
File Edit Options Colors Font Size Style
WBmi.JT'
jaggs ■-+■"■" P 1 ^ 1 ;
Imagine this picture in sixteen colors !
Guaranteed Satisfaction
Use CoCo Max for a full month.
If you are not delighted with It,
we will refund every penny*
System Requirements:
Any CoCo 3 disk system with a Joystick or a Mouse.
We apologize to tape users, CoCo Max HI needs the flexibility of a disk.
The CoCo Max Ml system includes: • The special Hi-Res
interface (for your mouse or joystick) • The CoCo Max 111 disk • Many
utilities: (To convert Max li pictures, Max colors, etc.) • A detailled User's
Manual. Complete system; nothing else to buy. CoCo Max III : $79.95*
|MamBiHiaii with coupon only MMnanai
{ FREE DEMO DISK
Name
I
I
I
I
I
I
I.
Street
City
4
State Zip
Printer used:
Please include $2 to help defray Processing and Shipping
costs. (Check, Money Order, etc. Sorry, no COD or Credit
Cards). Coupon (or copy) must be mailled to:
COLORWARE
A division of Sigma Industries, Inc.
COLORWARE
242-W West Avenue
Darien, CT 06820
«
Minimum system requirements are
cfearfy marked at the top of the first
page of each program's article, next to
the tape/ disk symbols. Before you
begin typing in a program, be sure to
check and see if the program will work
on your computer system and how
much memory the program requires.
Make sure your machine has at least
this much memory. Other things to
verify are whether or not the program
requires Extended Color BASIC (ECB)
or Disk.
Finally, before typing anything in,
read the article that accompanies the
program. Make sure you understand
what the program does and that you
won't be required to do anything
beyond your present capabilities to
make the program work. For example,
many programs offer printer output as
a feature. Some require a specific print-
er. These requirements, along with
possible changes for other printers, will
appear only in the given article. By first
reading the article, you can save your-
self the frustration of spending a lot of
time keying in a program only to find
out it will not run on your system.
Typing in rainbow's programs is
very simple. What you'll be typing in is
called the program listing. To see an
example, turn to Page 32 for the listing
of the program Urchin. Next to "The
listing" the word URCHIN' appears in a
strange type style. We call this type style
"digital," and use it to indicate comput-
er commands throughout the magazine.
In this case, we use the digital font to
denote a filename, the name the com-
puter uses to refer to the program.
Programs are stored on disk or
cassette as "files," and each file has a
filename. Filenames are limited to eight
characters. Often a program's name is
longer than eight characters, like Use-
town Annex, for example. The pro-
gram's name contains 13 characters (the
space counts, too), which is five too
many. The problem is solved by short-
ening the filename to U5ET0WN.
If you are using a cassette-based
system and have a blank computer tape
for your cassette recorder, you are ready
to begin typing in your program. But if
you are using a disk-based system and
plan to save your program to disk, you
will first need to format one. Format-
ting, or initializing, as it's also called,
prepares a blank disk to accept data
from the computer system. (See Wil-
liam Barden's article, "Delving into the
CoCo Disk," Page 180, which explains
why formatting is necessary.)
Formatting Your Disk
Before formatting a disk, however,
make certain the disk you plan to use
is blank, unless you want to delete or kill
the programs stored on it — the format-
ting process erases everything on a disk.
You can turn a "used" disk into a "new"
blank disk by reformatting it, but
remember, the formatting process
"erases" the disk, and the programs on
it will be lost. Also, don't attempt to
format a disk with write-protect notches
that have been taped over — it won't
work; youll get a WP Error. Such a disk
is called a "write-protected" disk, and
the notches are taped to prevent acci-
dental erasure. A final word of caution
is necessary here. The process of for-
matting a disk will erase all contents
from the computer's memory] Don't
type in a program and then format a
disk for saving it. Always make sure you
have a formatted disk with plenty of
space before you start typing.
Formatting a disk is simple. All you
have to do is put the disk in the drive,
label-side up, close the drive gate, and
type this command: D5KINI0 . Press the
ENTER key. What the command means
is that the disk in Drive 0 (the only drive,
if you have only one) is being initialized,
or formatted, for your computer sys-
tem. Don't worry if you hear strange
whirs and clicks coming from your drive
— it's normal.
If you have a double, or dual, disk
drive, you can format a disk in either
drive. As you formatted the disk in
Drive 0 with the BASIC D5KINI0 com-
mand, you can format a disk in Drive
1 (the second drive) with the DSKINI1
command. Don't be confused by the
second drive being called Drive 1; just
remember that the first drive is always
Drive 0. In a horizontal drive, Drive 0
is on the bottom and Drive 1 is on the
top. Insert your disk with the label
facing up. In a vertical drive, the disk
slots run up and down; Drive 0 is the
one on the left, and Drive 1 is the one
on the right. Insert your disk with the
label facing to the right.
You need format a disk only once,
and then you can store as many pro-
grams on it as it will hold. After you
have formatted a disk, you are ready to
begin typing in a program.
Typing In Programs
You can use the following instruc-
tions for typing in URCHIN or any other
program listing in THE rainbow. Per-
haps you should start with one of the
program listings in "Novices Niche"
(beginning on Page 72) for your first
project, as they can be entered in a
matter of minutes. But for examples
we'll use Urchin, because it's a feature
program.
We realize the listings may look a
little intimidating, especially to be-
ginners, but we've made keying them in
as easy as possible. One of the things
we've done is print the listings on the
page exactly as they should appear on
the screen, in 32 columns. (If you've
noticed, your screen is 32 columns wide,
which means it can hold only 32 letters,
numbers or spaces on one line.) Also,
to help you in debugging your typing
errors, we have a program that checks
your typing for accuracy — the Rain-
bow Check PLUS program, but we'll
get to that later.
Looking at the listing URCHIN, for
example, you'll notice that each line
write-protect notch
The figures above indicate the location of the write-protect notches on a cassette tape and
a floppy disk. To write-protect a cassette, use a screwdriver to knock out the plastic tab on
the left of the side of the tape you are using. If you want to reuse that side, cover the hole
with a small piece of cellophane tape. The disk works the opposite way — as long as the notch
is uncovered, the disk can be written to. If, however, you cover the notch with opaque (non-
transparent) tape, the disk cannot be written to.
24 THE RAINBOW January 1988
THE SHOPPING LIST S
COCO CABLES AND ...
Tandy Hi -Res Joystick Interface $14.95
Printer/Modem 10 1 Extender Cable $14.95
TANDY CM-8 RGB Analog 6 'Video Ext Cable ....$19.95
Disk Drive Cable (34pin - 34pin) $19.95
Modem Cable - 6ft (4pin-DB25) $19.95
Modem Cable - 6ft (DB25-DB25) $19.95
Joystick/Mouse 10' Ext Cable $19.95
No more Deluxe RS-232 paks left to hook up ptr &
modem ? Buy our RS-232 "Y" Cable (4 pin) ....$24.95
Dual Disk Drive Cable (3-34pin) $24.95
MAGNAVOX 8505 / 8515/8CM643 Analog RGB cable .$24.95
Other Analog RGB monitor cable ( Specify 1) ..$39.95
15" Multi-Pak/Disk Pak Extender - Move your Multi-
Disk Paks further avray;Sd4*aa: Closeout .... $29.95
12 ElB D^l "Y" Cable - Hook up a Disk with a
Voice Pak, Word Pak, CoCo Max, etc $29.95
CoCo RS232 Switcher - Now easily switch between a
printer & modem at the flick of a switch! ..$29.95
5 1/4 " Diskettes in any quantity 49 cents
C-10 tapes - Minimum quantity (20 pes) ..,69 cents
Rompak w/Blank PC Board 27xx series $9.95
"D" Rev motherboard w/o socketed chips .....$16.95
CC-THERM - Measure inside and outside temperatures
with CoCo! Fahrenheit & Centigrade ! $19.95
Warp Fighter 3-D - A CoCo III Space Fighter game
with "3-D GLASSES " ! By Steve Bjork l $39.95
CoCo III keyboard - upgrade your CoCo II keyboard!
" Package " deal w/FKEYS m( $24.95) software $39.95
HPS Controller w/1.1 ROM (SAVE$20) $79.95
MAGNAVOX TV tuner - Now you can watch TV with your
Magnavox 8505/8515 RGB Analog monitor ! $99.95
Super Controller - Up to 4 DOSs by a POKE ..$99.95
Super Controller II - DMA "No Halt " disk controll-
er. No type-ahead OS-9 problems! $129.95
PBH-64 - A combo Parallel Printer interface & 64K
Print Buffer! COMPUTE while you PRINT ! ....$149.95
SONY KV-1311CR - ( CHEAPEST PRICE IN THE RAINBOW ) I !
$439.95 - Add $40,00 for cable (+ $20.00 shipping)
Tandy LP-1000 Laser Printer (SAVE $200 ) - $1995.00
Breaking your back
typing on your
CoCo???
Sit back and relax with
a Spectrum keyboard
extender cable. $39,95
$ee 11/87 Rainbow review
page 137
Now you can extend your present keyboard away from
your CoGoII / CoCoIII i Easier typing & requires no
soldering! You also have the option to leave your
present keyboard intact & hook up a second keybd
for remote operation ! Spectrum Keyboard extender
cable w/ EXTERNAL CoCoII keyboard $49.95
Extender cable w/ EXTERNAL CoCoIII keybd ....$69.95
SUPER CHIP -SALE- ...
2764 EPROM $4.95 27128 EPRQM $6.95
6821 Standard PIA ^»^ST Closeout price! $6.95
68764 EPRQM Closeout price! $12.95
6847 VDG Chip Closeout price! $12.95
6809E CPU Chip Closeout price ! $12.95
CoCo III Multipak - "NEW" PAL chip (For Gray and
White 26-3024 models ONLY) $19.95
Basic ROM 1.3 ( Newest version) $19.95
Disk ROM 1.1 - (Needed for CoCoIII ) ....... .$29.95
Original SAM Chip (6883) $29.95
Ext Basic 1.1 ROM - Closeout price! $29.95
CoCo First Aid Kit - includes two PIA' s, 6809E CPU
and SAM Chips (BE PREPARED) Closeout price! $49.95
NEW! " Upgraded ' CoCoIII " GIME " chip $79.95
EPROM Programmer - uses 2716s up to 27512 s! Super
fast programming! - See April '86 review .$149.95
COCO LIBRARY ...
A History of the CoCo / 1980-1986 $6.95
CoCo Memory Map Reg. "^SifciSSCNow only $9.95
New! 200 MORE Pokes, Peeks 'N Execs $9.95
Basic Programming Tricks Revealed ... .$9.95
500 Pokes, Peeks *N Execs $16.95
300 CoCoIII POKES - #1 CoCoIII bestseller! .$19.95
Complete Rainbow Guide to 0S9 Level II $19.95
A Guide to CoCo III GRAPHICS (7/87 review) .$21.95
Better Graphics on CoCo3 (8/87 review pgl43) $24.95
CoCo II Service Manual (Specify Cat.#) $29.95
CoCo III Unraveled - A best seller! II $29.95
Inside OS-9 Level II (from Frank Hogg!) ....$39.95
CoCo III Service Manual - Current version! .$39.95
Color/Extended/Disk Basic Unraveled $49.95
MORE GOOD STUFF ...
WIOO Adapter - Hookup 2 Atari type joysticks. $19.95
CoCo Keybd - Low profile, fits all CoCo lis & "F"s
WAS $39.95 - NCW $19.95. D/E CoCo I adapter $12.95
Universal Video Drvr - All monitors & CoCos .$29.95
(2) Chip 64K Upgrade - 26-3134 A/B CoCo II .$29.95
28 pin act Basic - 26-3134 A/B CoCo II $34.95
PAL SWITCHER - Reg. 26-3024 MPI. Switch from CoCoII
to CoCoIII mode $39.95 w/NEW PAL $49.95
Real Time Clock - Compatible w /QS-9 or RSDOS , easy
internal mounting, CoCoII / III compatible! ..$59.95
1 200 BAUD MODEM* - $99.95
* — with purchase of Rickeyterm ($39.95) software
Top FD-502 Drive 1 (#26-3133) - SAVE $60 ..$139.95
2400 Baud Modem -(Great for Delphi )3S4Q ttt $229 .95
CoCo III DISK DRIVE 0 - (Includes CoCoIII Software
Bonanza Package - a $ 150 plus value ! ! ! ) ...$239.95
512K DOLOR COMPUTER III (Ircludes CoCoIII Software
Bonanza Package - a $ 150+ value I )
.$249.95
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
HOWARD BEACH NY 11414
All orders plus $3.00 S/H (Foreign $5.00)
NYS Residents add Sales Tax
See our other 2 ads on pages 1 7 & 27 1 ! I
begins with a number. The first line
reads: 10 GOTO 460. This is Line 10: The
number on the left is the line number.
A line number can be used only once —
there can be only one Line 10. The next
line is Line 20, then 30 and 40, etc. Line
numbers don't have to follow each other
in multiples of 10 (that decision is made
by the programmer), but they do have
to follow in numerical order (i.e., Line
40 always comes before 50).
Notice that lines 10 and 20 are very
short, taking up less than one row of
space, while Line 90 takes up nearly five
rows of space. The length of lines can
vary from less than one row of screen
space (up to 32 characters) to almost
eight rows (248 characters). No more
than 248 characters can be directly
typed into one line.
It's helpful to be able to determine the
line numbers when typing in the listing,
but sometimes it is difficult to distin-
guish them from other numbers inside
the line, especially when lines take up
more than one row of screen space. If
you're like me, you probably thought,
at first glance, that the line number
following Line 410 was Line 66. But
Line 66 does not exist in this program;
the 66 is part of Line 410. As a guide,
remember that line numbers follow
each other numerically and that there is
usually some sort of pattern or order in
the way program lines are numbered,
such as a progression of lines by 10.
OK! Now it's almost time to get your
fingers wet! But before you begin, you
first must get rid of whatever is cur-
rently in the computer's memory in
order to make room for the program
you are about to type in.
Note: If you are using a disk system
and have a disk in the drive, be sure to
take it out of the drive before turning
the drive or the computer off or on, as
program data can be zapped from the
disk. Also — and this is very important
— never plug in or remove a program
pack or disk controller while the com-
puter is on, as it could damage the
computer
If you have just turned on your
computer, there is nothing in memory
to get rid of, and you are ready to begin.
However, if you have been noodling
around, reset the computer by turning
it off, waiting 15 seconds, and then
turning it on again. This is called a cold
start. Type NEW for good measure (this
tells CoCo you are starting something
new).
Getting Your Fingers Wet
Now type the first line of the pro-
gram, making sure you type in each
26 THE RAINBOW January 1988
character and space exactly as it ap-
pears on the page. If you make a mis-
take, you can correct it by backing up
using the left arrow key or simply
retyping the line again. If you are keying
in URCHIN, type 10 GOTO 460. When
you reach the end of the line, press the
enter key. You must always press
ENTER for the computer to take any
notice of your efforts when typing in a
line. Whenever you are told to "enter"
a command, type it and press the ENTER
key.
Notice that your listing flows from
one row to the next without your having
to press enter. Even though a line may
be eight rows long, press enter only at
the very end.
Continue entering lines exactly as
they appear, pressing ENTER after each,
until you reach the end of the program
or until you get tired of typing, which-
ever comes first. You don't have to type
in an entire program in one sitting —
you can save what you have done and
resume entering later.
Saving Your Program
When you have finished typing the
entire listing or have reached a stopping
place in the middle, you are ready to
save the program. Even if you have
typed in only the first few lines of a
program listing, it is important to save
it. If you were to turn off the computer
without doing so, you'd have to enter it
all again! And that, my fellow novice,
is a bummer. I know. Also, don't be
tempted to run your program before
saving it to tape or disk — the computer
could lock up and you would have to
start over.
To save a program on cassette, first
set the recorder's volume level to 3 (the
most commonly used setting for saving
and loading) and make sure the tape is
blank — you don't want to save over a
program you intend to keep. Then
rewind the tape, reset the counter
number on the cassette recorder and
remove the cassette with the side you're
about to save your program on facing
up. Advance the tape by putting your
finger in the right hub and turning it
counterclockwise until the beginning of
the brown part of the tape goes slightly
past the pressure pad (see Figure 1).
Put the tape back in the recorder.
Now you are ready to save your pro-
gram. Type CSfNE" filename" (simply
enclose in quotes the name of the file
you are saving), press ENTER, and then
press the Play and Record buttons on
the cassette recorder. Sticking with our
earlier example, we would enter
C5AVE"URCHIN". The C in the com-
mand stands for "cassette." When
CoCo has finished the saving process,
it will print "OK" on the screen, and the
tape will stop winding. Turn off the
cassette recorder (press the Stop but-
ton) to prevent the tape from stretching.
To save your program to disk, type
SOME" filename" and press ENTER. Your
drive will whir as the file is being saved.
When CoCo has finished saving the file,
the message "OK" will be displayed. If
you are conscientious and would like to
verify the save, type DIR and press
enter. DIR is the command for the disk
directory, which should by now have
popped up on the screen. If the file you
just saved is the first thing you saved to
the disk, its filename will be the only one
you see (along with some other informa-
tion). However, if formatting and sav-
ing are old hat to you, and you have
previously stored other programs on the
disk, you will see a whole list of file-
names.
Backing Up Your Program
Diamonds are forever, but disks
aren't, and tapes are even more short-
lived. Sooner or later, your precious
data will be zapped, or entropy will take
over. To prevent catastrophes, make
several copies of your program and
periodically back them up. A simple
way to do this is to save the program
one more time, particularly on a differ-
ent tape or disk.
To make a backup of a program on
the same cassette or to save another
program immediately following the first
program on a cassette, press the Record
and Play buttons, then type M0T0R0N,
wait approximately five seconds and
press any key followed by enter (to
stop the M0T0R0N command). This is
done to put blank space between two
programs on a cassette, and to avoid
getting I/O Errors when loading. This
process of separating programs must be
repeated between every cassette save.
To save your program to another
cassette, simply prepare it for saving (by
advancing the transparent leader of the
tape past the pressure pad), type
CSRVE" filename" ', and press ENTER and
the Record and Play buttons again, just
as you did before.
If you try to save a file to disk with
the exact same filename you used be-
fore, you will save over the first copy.
To make backup copies of a program on
the same disk, save the file under a
different filename. For example, you
might call a backup of the URCHIN
listing URCHIN1. Remember not to let
your filenames exceed eight characters!
It is possible to save a file using the
Software Bonanza Pak
A SPECTACULAR SOFTWARE BONANZA with the following
12 program s : CoCo Checker, Multi-Pak Crak, CoCo
Screen Dump, Disk Utility 2.1, Spectrum Font
Generator, Tape/Disk Utility, Fastdupe II, 64K
Disk Utility, Spectrum DOS, Basic*, CoCo Calender
& 0S9-Solutian (a $300 plus value) for only $99.95
CoCo III Software Library
Create an instant library of Spectrum Projects TOP
CoCoIII software! Get FONT BONANZA, FONT DISK #1,
FKEYS III, C III GRAPHICS, CoCoIII UTILITIES and
FASTDUPE II (a $150 plus value) for only $49.95
CoCo III Utilities
Terrific utility programs for the Color Computer
III! Includes a CoCoII to CoCoIII Converter, 32K
Hi -Res screen saver, 40/80 Column Word Processor,
RAM tester, DEMO BALL generator, SMOOTH Scrolling
demos. 128K DISK $24.95 (see 8/87 Rainbow review)
CoCo III Secrets Revealed
An introduction to the Color Computer III that
compares the differences between the CoCol/II and
the NEW CoCoIII. Includes: GIME chip specs, CoCoII
to CoCoIII converter and a 128/512K RAM test.
"Offers some very good information to pro-
grammers
n _
Rainbow review 2/87 $19.95
CoCo III Screen Dump
This is the program for HARDCOPY GRAPHICS for
Radio Shack bit -image, dot-matrix printers ( DMP-
105 , DMP-130 , etc.) and Epson compatibles (Star
Mi cronies, Panasonic, etc.). Will print HSCREEN 1-
4 and PMQDE 0-4. 16 patterns can be CUSTOMIZED for
any color on the screen! 128K CoCoIII DISK $24.95
Fkeys
A productivity enhancement that gives you the
capability to add twenty (20) predefined functions
to the CoCoIII by using the CTRL , Fl and F2 keys! !
$24.95 "Get more from your keyboard with FKEYS
IH" - Rainbow review 4/87
C III Graphics
A drawing program for the CoCoIII using the new
ENHANCED graphic features: 320X192 graphics, 16 of
any 64 colors, plus the ability to SAVE and LOAD
32K screens. "Paint pretty pictures on the CoCo3."
- Rainbow review 12/86 $19.95
OS-9 Solution
NOW, a program that creates a " USER FRIENDLY "
environment within OS-9. The OS-9 SOLUTION
replaces 20 of the old " USER HOSTILE " commands
with single keystroke , menu driven commands. No
more typing in complex long pathnames or remember-
ing complicated syntaxes! $29.95
Telepatch III
All the FEATURES of TETJPATCH plus the classically
proportioned characters of the WIZARD with TRUE
lowercase! Now CoCoIII compatible! (Upgrade $15
w/proof of purchase) $29.95
Tape/Disk Utility
A powerful package that transfers tape to disk and
disk to tape automatically. Does an automatic copy
of an entire disk of programs to tape. Ideal for
Rainbow On Tape to disk. Also copies tape to tape
& prints tape & disk directories. TAPE/DISK $24.95
Multi-Pak Crak
Save ROMPAKS on your 64K Disk System using the RS
Multi-Pak Interface. Eliminate constant plugging
in of ROMPAKS by keeping all PAK software on disk.
Includes POKES for " PROBLEM " ROMPAKS & the NEW 16K
PAKS (Demon Attack, Dragons Lair..) $29.95 NOW
CoCo3 compatible! Upgrade $15 w/proof of purchase
Disk Utility 2.1A
A m ulti - featured tool for USER FRIENDLY disk
handling. Utilize a directory window to
selectively sort, move, rename & kill file
entries. Li^tning fast Disk I/O for format, copy
& backup. Single execution of both Basic & ML
programs. 64K DISK $29.95. NOW also CoCoIII
compatible! Upgrade only $15 w/proof of purchase
Spectrum DOS
Add 24 NEW Disk coram
24 NEW Disk commands with 2 Hi-Res screens!
Supports 40 track & Double -sided drives, 6ms
stepping , auto disk search, error trapping and
"EPROMABLE"7~54K DISKJSaSfrsSSTNew LOW price! $29.95
CoCo III Font Bonanza
Replace the ' PLAIN 1 CoCoIII text characters from a
menu of INCREDIBLE fonts or use the hi -res editor
to modify or create your own ! 1 ! 128K DISK $29.95.
NEW! FONT DISK #1 with over 25 more FONTS ! $19.95.
Buy them both "For only $39~795 - Gets a * * * *
Rating - Rainbow review 4/87
Spectrum Font Generator
Write files using any CoCo Word Processor (TW-64,
EliteWord, etc.) and convert them to Highly
Detailed character sets ! Some of the character
sets supported are Italics , Old English,
Futuristic & Block ! Character set editor included
£ supports most dot-matrix printers 1 $29.95
Schematic Drafting Processor
Save time and design pro looking diagrams using a
480X540 pixel worksheet w/6 viewing windows . Over
30 electronic symbols w/ IO definable symbols .
TEven Logic gates & Multipin chips I ) "Print hard
copy & save to disk. 64K DISK $29.95
CoCo Checker
Something possibly wrong with your CoCo ? CoCo
Checker is the answer ! Will test your ROMs, RAMs,
Disk Drives & Controller, Printer, Keyboard,
Cassette, Joysticks, Sound, PIAs, VDG, Internal
Clock Speed, Multi-pak Interface and more! $24.95
Rickeyterm 2.0
Supports 40/80 column mode, ASCII or XMODEM
uploads & 3ownTbads, Deluxe RS232 PAK or Serial
' BITE-ANGER ' port, 300/ 1200 "Baud! Plus ' STRINGS '
(predefined sequences of text) can be read into
the BUFFER from DISK & transmitted by NAME! Type
ahead & auto-repeat are also supported. 128K
CoCoIII DISK $39.95 (see 9/87 Rainbow review)
64K Disk Utility Package
Take advantage of an expanded 64K machine. Make an
additional 8K of RAM available by relocating the
Ext Basic ROM from "58000 to $D800. Copy ROMPAKs to
disk (even " protected " PAKs) and create a 32K
SPOOL buffer for printing. $24.95
EZ Base
A truly friendly data base progr am at an afford -
able price! Keep inventories, hobby collections,
recipes, card lists and much more! Hi -Res screen,
up to 500 records with 15 fields , record or field
search & a MAILING LABELS option. 32K DISK $29.95
Blackjack Boyale
A Hi - Res graphics casino blackjack simulation and
card counting tutor. Fully realistic play
includes: 3ouble clown, splits, surrender, insur-
ance, 1-8 decks, burnt cards, shuffle frequency
amd more! "This fine program is a must for the
CoCo Blackjack player." - Rainbow review $24.95
Spectrum Adventure Generator
The Spectrum Adventure Generator creates adventure
game s that are 100% ML & very fast ! Up to 99
rooms, 255 objects, 70. command words & 255
conditional flags can "be used. 64K DISK $29.95
CoCo Calendar
Get organized for 365 days today with the CoCo
Calendar ! Designed for recording the entire year's
occasions and daily appointments so you can plan
ahead. You can store HUNDREDS of entries and our
GRAPHIC calendar will show all MEMOS! $19.95
THE KITCHEN SINK ...
Everything but the KITCHEN SINK !!! Receive all
twenty-three (23) Colorful"Utilities from top to
bottom, the Software Bonanza Pak to" CbCo Calendar
(a $500 plus value) for a SPECIAL price $149.95!!!
CO
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same filename by changing the exten-
sion, which is the invisible part of a
filename used when loading or saving a
file. If you have a disk system, call up
the directory using the command DIR.
If you have saved URCHIN, here is what
you will see:
URCHIN BflS 0 B 1
The filename in the first column is
followed by .BPS, which denotes a
BASIC file, and is the extension you
saved URCHIN under, by default. When
you don't give a BASIC file an extension,
CoCo assigns one for you — - BPS. But
an extension can be any combination of
three other characters, or just one or
two characters.
To save URCHIN again under the same
name, but using a different extension,
type SAVE"URCHIN. ABC". We have
changed the extension from the default,
.BflS, to . ABC. Now you have two
copies of URCHIN. You can make several
more backups, if you wish. Many
CoCoists use the extension .BKU, to
indicate that the program is a backup.
Also, it is a good idea to make several
saves of a program while you are work-
ing on it. If a huge power surge or a
brownout comes along, you will lose all
your work since the last save. In writing
this article, I lost half an hour's work in
my word processing file because of a
one-second power surge. Retyping
something you thought you had nailed
down is not fun. So, please, please,
make frequent saves! Cray Augsburg
says he saves his programs to disk after
every 10 lines.
After you have saved your program
to disk, remove the disk from the drive
and reset the computer by turning it off,
waiting 15 seconds and then turning it
on again. Enter LIST to call up UR-
CHIN'S listing. Uh oh, nothing happens!
URCHIN'S file has disappeared from
memory. Don't panic; we can call it
back. Aren't you glad you saved your
program?
Loading Your Program
From disk, the procedure you will use
when loading any BASIC program saved
with the default extension .BPS is to
type LUW'filename" or LORD* 'filename
.BflS" and press ENTER. It is not neces-
sary to type the extension, although
_ BflS will be accepted. If a program is
saved with a different extension, how-
ever, the extension must be included
within the command. For example, if
the filename is URCHIN and the exten-
sion is . B l< U , you must type LDflD
"URCHIN.BKU" to load the file from
disk. If you were to simply type
28 THE RAINBOW January 1 988
LDAD"URCHIN", the computer would
search for the extension -BflS.
From cassette, the procedure to use
when loading a BASIC program is to first
rewind the tape to find the counter
number you noted earlier (which marks
the beginning of the program on tape),
and then type CLDflD" filename" and
press ENTER and the Play button on the
recorder. As the computer searches for
the given filename on the tape, you will
notice the letter S appears in the upper-
left corner of the screen. When the
computer finds the file in question, the
S will change to an F. The F will alter-
nate between normal and inverse video
as the specified file is loaded.
After you have loaded a file and the
computer responds with the "OK"
prompt, you are ready to list or run the
program. Enter LIST. Ta da! URCHIN is
back. The LIST command scrolls
through the listing until it reaches the
last line. If you need to resume keying
in the listing, this is where you pick up.
Debugging Your Program
When typing in an entire listing, it is
most likely that you will make several
mistakes. The most direct method of
finding out if your program is correct
is by giving it the "Run" test: Type RUN
and press ENTER. If the program runs
flawlessly, crown yourself the universe's
supreme typist. But, if you're like me,
your program will probably start fabu-
lously — only to stop with an error
message.
What you have to do is go back and
match each line of the listing on the page
against each line you see on the screen.
To do so, type LIST followed by the first
line number you want to check. For
example, type LIST10 to check UR-
CHIN'S first line. Just one colon, comma
or period out of place is enough to make
the program crash.
How do you fix your mistakes once
you find them? The Extended BASIC
EDIT command invokes a line editor for
making changes to your programs. To
use it, type EDITxxx, where xxx is the
line number of the line you want to edit.
Now, after pressing ENTER, you will see
a copy of the complete line printed on
the screen just as you typed it. Just
below that, you will find the cursor
flashing after the specified line number.
You are now in the Edit mode. You can
advance through the existing line by
pressing the space bar, or backspace
with the left arrow key (your character
will be erased from the screen, but not
from memory).
You can delete characters using the D
key. Simply advance your cursor, using
the space bar, so that the last character
you want to keep is just to the left of
the cursor. Pressing the D key now will
delete the next "invisible" character.
Press D for as many subsequent char-'
acters as you want to delete. For exam-
ple, if you want to delete the word
PRINT because you unintentionally
typed it twice, simply press the D key
five times. However, if you want to
erase everything from the cursor to the
end of the line, press H, which stands
for "hack." If you want to enter more
characters at this point, just start typ-
ing. Using the hack command automat-
ically puts you into the "insert" mode.
To enter the insert mode otherwise,
position your cursor again by using the
space bar. When ready, press L You can
now enter any additional characters you
might want. Caution; The left arrow key
does erase when in the insert mode. To
leave the insert mode, just hold the
SHIFT key down and press the up arrow
key one time. Press ENTER. The edited
lines will now replace the original in the
CoCo's memory. When you've finished
debugging, be sure to save the corrected
program to tape or disk. For more
detailed information about the EDIT
command, consult the manual that
accompanied your CoCo.
RAINBOW has another method of
helping you debug your typing — the
Rainbow Check PLUS program. See
"Rainbow Info" on Page 10 for more
explicit directions, but, in a nutshell,
here is how the Rainbow Check pro-
gram works: It calculates a "checksum"
value based on the characters that
appear in a given segment of the pro-
gram, and it shows this number to you.
You can then compare the number with
the one we calculated and printed in the
Rainbow Check PLUS box that ap-
pears at the beginning of program
listings. This is a big help, because it
allows you to debug your program in
sections. The only drawback is that you
get only one chance to debug using
Rainbow Check PLUS while typing a
program in. Once you have gone past
one of the checksum line numbers, you
cannot go back and use the Check
PLUS program to compute a checksum
for that line number.
We call the Rainbow Check PLUS
chart a Checksum. Here is what UR-
CHIN'S looks like:
—y 130 110
V 275 47
' 410 201
END 18
The numbers on the left are actual
line numbers within the program; the
numbers on the right are the results of
calculations the Rainbow Check pro-
gram performs.
To use the Rainbow Check PLUS
program, key in and save its listing from
"Rainbow Info" on Page 10. Type RUN
and press ENTER. Then enter the com-
mand NEW, and you are ready to start
typing in a program. Start typing!
When you have finished typing the
listing through the entire line indicated
by the first line number in the chart
(Line 130, in the case of URCHIN), press
ENTER, as you would normally, then
press the down arrow key. CoCo then
gives you the checksum value. This
figure should match the one given in the
chart, 1 10. If it doesn't, you need to go
back and debug the program from its
beginning to Line 130.
The next line number on the chart is
275. When you have typed in URCHIN up
to the end of that line, stop and repeat
the process. If your result doesn't equal
47, then, again, you made a mistake.
Fortunately, you don't have to go back
to the beginning of the program to find
your error, only back to the line follow-
ing your last Rainbow Check, Line 140.
Now that you know the basics of
operating your CoCo on a day-to-day
basis (formatting, saving, loading,
Cassette Input/Output
If you suspect the file you are looking
for is somewhere in the middle of a tape,
and you don't want to wait as CoCo
passes over all the programs from the
beginning of the tape to where your
program starts, you can use the com-
mand RUDI00N:M0TDR0N to help you
get there faster. Enter the command,
and when CoCo says "OK, v fast-
forward or rewind your tape to the
approximate location of the file. Do not
type CLOflD, just press the Play button.
Surprised? Where a program is re-
corded on tape, you hear a high-pitched
whine. A place of silence indicates
where the tape is blank, between pro-
grams. When you have found a few
seconds of silence, quickly stop the tape
(by pressing any key and ENTER), enter
CLORD, and press Play. CoCo will load
the next program it comes to.
However, if you try to do a CLORD in
the middle of a program (where there is
listing, debugging and running), it's
time for the fun stuff!
noise), the computer will stop with an
I/O Error. Make sure you start the
loading process where the tape is silent.
(See last month's "Novices Niche" for
Bohdan Hrycaj's Call, a cassette utility
that eliminates the need for using RU-
DIDDNrMOTDRON.) For fun, sometime,
use RUDI00N:M0TDR0N with one of
your music tapes to see what the music
sounds like coming through your com-
puter's speaker.
Magnetic Mayhem
Disks and cassettes are delicate crea-
tures; their innards are laced with
magnetic patterns, so don't let them
near a magnet! Also, keep cassettes,
disks, cassette recorders and disk drives
away from the left side of the TV, or at
least a half a foot away, because the
flyback transformer is located there: It
puts out a lot of interference and can
make your computing life a sea of I/O
Errors.
HINTS, TIPS, PEEKS & POKES
Model 101
Interface $39.95
• Serial to parallel interface
• Works with any COCO
• Compatible with "Centron-
ics" parallel input printers
• 6 switch selectable baud
rates 300-600-1200-2400-
4800-9600
• Small size
4.5" x2.5" x 1.25"
• Comes complete with
cables to connect to your
computer and printer
Other Quality
Items
High quality 5 screw shell C-
1 0 cassette tapes. $7.50/
dozen
Hard plastic storage boxes for
cassette tapes. $2.50/dozen
Pin-Feed Cassette Labels
White $3.00/100
Colors S3.60/100 (specify
red, blue, yellow, tan)
Model 104 Deluxe
Interface $51.95
Same features as 101 plus
• Built in serial port for your
modem or other serial device
• Switch between parallel
output and serial output
• Size is 4.5" x 2.5" x 1.25"
• Comes complete with
cables to connect to your
computer and printer
NEW! Cables for
your COCO
• U.L. listed foil-shielded cable
• 2 Types: male/female exten-
sion cables (used between
aserial device and existing
cable) male/male cables
(used between two serial
devices such as a modem
and one of our switchers).
• 3 ft./$3.95, 6 ft./$4.49,
10ft./$5.59 Specify M/M
or M/F and length.
Model 102
Switcher $35.95
• Connect to your COCO
serial port and have 3 switch
selectable serial ports
• Color coded indicator lights
show switch position
• Lights also serve as a
power on indicator for your
COCO
• Heavy guage blue anodized
aluminum cabinet with non-
slip rubber feet
The 101 and 104 require
power to operate. Most print-
ers can supply power to your
interface. (Star, Radio Shack
and Okidata are just a few that
do - Epson and Seikosha do
not). The interfaces can also
be powered by an AC adap-
tor; Radio Shack model 273-
1 431 plugs into all models. If
you require a power supply,
add a "P" to the model number
and add $5.00 to the price.
(Model 1 01 P $44.95, Model
104P $56.95).
Model 105
Switcher $14.95
• Connects to your COCO
to give you 2 switch select-
able serial ports
• 3 foot cable to connect to
your COCO's serial port
• The perfect item to use to
connect a printer and a
modem to your COCO
• Small in size, only4.5x2.5
x 1.25
TheModel101,102,104and
1 05 work with any COCO, any
level basic and any memory
size. These products are co-
vered by a 1 year warranty.
The Model 101 and 1 04 work
with any standard parallel
input printer including Gemini,
Epson, Radio Shack,
Okidata, C. loth, Seikosha,
Panasonic and many others.
They support BASIC print
commands, word processors
and graphic commands.
We manufacture these
products - dealer inquiries
are invited.
Cassette Label
Program $6.95
• New Version - tape trans-
ferable to disk - save and
load labels from tape to disk
• Prints 5 lines of information
on pin-feed cassette labels
• Menu driven, easy to use
• Standard, expanded and
condensed characters
• Each line of text auto-
matically centered.
• Label display on CRT, en-
abling editing before printing
• Program comes on tape
and is supplied with 24
labels to get you started
• 16K ECB required
Ordering
Information
Free shipping in the United
States (except Alaska and
Hawaii) on all orders over
$50.00. Please add $2.50 for
shipping and handling on or-
ders under $50.00.
Ohio residents add 6%
sales tax.
Call (513) 677-0796 and use
your VISA or MASTERCARD
or request C.O.D. (Please
add $2.00 for C.O.D. orders).
If you prefer, send check or
money order; payable in U.S.
Funds to:
Metric Industries
P.O. Box 42396
Cincinnati, Ohio
45242
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 29
Resetting the computer
When you have finished with one
program and want to load another, you
can press the BREAK key or the reset
button and the computer allows you to
load another program into memory and
run it. However, the program you were
working with previously is still wander-
ing around in memory. If you load a lot
of programs this way, strange things can
occur because of the "remnants" of the
previous programs. To be safe, you need
to turn your computer off for 15 se-
conds and then on again to completely
clear the memory (remember the cold
start?).
But frequently turning off and on
your computer is not good for it. A
solution is to enter POKE113,0 and
press the reset button. This accom-
plishes a cold start, as if we had turned
the computer off and on.
For those of us who would rather
wiggle our fingers than exert ourselves
to reach around the machine for the
reset button, simply type and enter
POKE113,0:EXEC40993. This poke
gets a lot of use here at THE RAINBOW.
PCLEAR1 Bug On CoCo 1
Whenever CoCo 1 encounters a
PCLEAR1 statement, a bug in its system
prevents the program from running.
When you try to run, you get an SN
Error referencing the line containing the
statement. The solution is simple — just
type RUN again and press ENTER, or
delete the PCLEAR1 statement.
Directory Printouts
Entering PDKE111 , 254 : DIR will
print out your disk directory if a printer
is hooked up.
The CoCo printer port defaults to a
rate of 600 baud. If your printer uses a
different baud rate, you can change the
CoCo's baud rate with a simple poke.
To change the baud rate to 1200, enter
PQKE150 , 41. Many Radio Shack print-
ers are capable of running at 1200 baud.
Some can even handle 2400 baud. To
change CoCo for this value, enter
POKE150,18. If you own a serial to
parallel converter for your CoCo and
printer, it probably works at 9600 baud.
Just use PDKE150>1. To change the
CoCo back to 600 baud, use
PDKE150,87.
Automatic Lowercase
When your computer is in the com-
mand mode (when not under the direc-
tion of a program), you can toggle back
and forth between uppercase and low-
ercase by pressing shtft-0. Or you can
enter POKE 282,0 to move into lower-
case and POKE 282,1 to return to
30 THE RAINBOW January 1988
uppercase. You can use these pokes
directly, or within a program. Re-
member, though, that CoCo 1 and some
CoCo 2s do not have true lowercase
capability in the 32-column mode.
What you see on the screen will be an
inverse copy of the appropriate upper-
case character. However, the machine
will recognize the character's true low-
ercase value internally.
Accidentally Pressing BREAK
If you accidentally press the BREAK
key, all is not lost. Enter CDNT and you
will be returned to where you left off.
The Speed-Up Poke
Entering POKE 65495,0 allows you
to double the computing speed of the
newer CoCo Is and 2s. You can use the
poke as a direct command or in a
program. Older CoCos cannot handle
it, however; so, if a program locks up
or freezes on you, look for occurrences
of this poke and delete them from the
program listings. To slow doWn the
speed-up poke, enter POKE 65494,0.
The CoCo 3 speed-up poke is POKE
65497,0. The "slow-down" counter-
part is POKE G549G,0. Also, don't try
to save or load programs from tape or
disk while in the high-speed mode!
Always slow the system down before
performing any tape or disk operations.
Saving in ASCII
ASCII is sort of the universal stand-
ard for the computing world. You can
save your files in a format that other
computers, like the Tandy PC and IBM
Compatibles, can read. You can read
word processing files from other word
processors and from other computers if
the saves are done in ASCII.
Use the format SAVE* 'filename" , R or
C5AVE "filename" , ft to save your files in
ASCII.
Editing in ASCII
Wouldn't it be great to be able to edit
your programs as you edit documents
with a word processor? Well, you can!
But first you have to save a copy of your
program in ASCII format (see above).
Merely load the program as you would
any other document into your word
processor, and you are ready to race all
over the screen with your cursor, insert-
ing and deleting at will.
Disk Backups
It is a good idea to back up, or make
copies of, your programs. The BACKUP
command copies the whole side of a
disk to another formatted disk, and
COPY copies just one file. To use BACKUP
with a single-drive system, enter
BACKUP0 and follow the prompts in
switching your source and destination
disks. For a dual-drive system, type
BACKUP0TO1 or BACKUP1TD0; the first"
number is the drive number of the drive
holding your source or master disk. The
second number is that of the drive
holding the formatted destination disk,
the one that will become your backup.
(The commands are essentially the
same, but BACKUP1TO0 is a little safer,
because it places the destination disk in
the default drive. If your master is in
Drive 1, it shouldn't be written to by
mistake.)
Verifying Cassette Saves
Cassette saves are not as reliable as
disk saves — ordinary cassettes are
often used instead of special computer
ones, and the tape is prone to wear, tear
and stretching, It is best to make mul-
tiple saves of your program and then
verify that they have been saved cor-
rectly. To verify tape saves, rewind the
tape to the beginning and enter
SKIPF"jc", where x is the last filename
saved on the cassette, then press the
Play button. If the saves are OK, your
tape will wind uneventfully to the end.
The 5KIPF command will stop with an
I/O Error if there were any recording
errors.
Verifying Disk Saves
To make sure that what is written to
a disk matches exactly what is in CoCo's
memory, use the command VERIFYDN.
Merely type and enter the command
before you attempt a save. Saving will
take longer this way, but the extra time
spent is worth the comfort of knowing
that your save has been checked for
accuracy.
Donts and Don'ts
Finally, to reiterate something you
already know, never plug in or remove
a pack from your computer when it is
turned on, as you will damage the
computer. And never turn your
computer off or on when there is a disk
in the drive, as you stand to lose your
data. If you do either, you're asking for
a zap.
Welcome to the world of CoCoing! I
hope this material has been helpful and
will get you started on the right foot.
Check out Lee Veal's dictionary of
computer terms on Page 85 for addi-
tional assistance. Finally and foremost,
read and reread the manual supplied
with your Color Computer, and keep
following THE RAINBOW! fib
G ame
16K ECB
A fast, fun game with a really bizarre scenario
The Urchins
from the
.gg oon
By Eric W. Tilenius
tell you the truth, I'm rather
I embarrassed by this game.
I No, not because Urchin is a
bad game> or because it's slow, or any
other reason like that. In fact, it's a great
little game, and even the slowest of
typists should be able to get it keyed in
and running within half an hour. You
won't spend hours and hours typing it
in, and it has speed, adjustable skill
levels, color, machine language screen
scroll, and lots more!
What's So Embarrassing?
Well, 1 usually pride myself on my
imaginative story lines. This being the
case, I just couldn't write another
"aliens are invading Earth" story for
this game. So I tried to think of a
scenario that hadn't been used before.
That's when I came up with this
embarrassing scenario, which (I think)
has never been used before (and hope-
fully will never be used again!). Ready
for it? Well, here goes. . . .
Eric Tilenius is a Huntington Station,
New York resident, whose parents and
girlfriend think he spends entirely too
much time with his CoCo. However,
Eric claims this is a ridiculous and
biased account. Incidentally, he has
never personally been attacked by a sea
urchin.
Once upon a time, there were 26
letters of the alphabet that lived in a
little red schoolhouse. Every day the
teacher would put these letters on a
polka-dotted blackboard so that all the
students could gape and goggle at them.
As far as the letters were concerned, that
was all very well and good. But at night,
it was a different story! Every^ night,
when the teacher left the building, giant
sea urchins would break in through the
window and pounce on the unsuspect-
ing letters.
That was not good at all. Just imag-
ine, there they were — "Mr. A" (or "Mr.
B" or "Mr. T") — sitting quietly on their
blackboard when whooshl smash]
they're squashed by a gigantic urchin.
How undignified! To save themselves
frofn this humiliation, the letters issued
an interplanetary distress call. Guess
who comes to their aid? Why, you, of
course. (The worst is still to come).
You are an extraterrestrial black-
board eraser, and it is your job to erase
the blackboard. Unfortunately, you
haven't been cleaned in months, so
when you move, a trail of yellow chalk
is left behind. Your mission is to erase
all the letters before the urchins get
them. Of course, you have the standard
problem of any extraterrestrial
blackboard-letter-eraser: You can't run
into your chalk trail. In addition, you
can't run into an urchin, as they love to
squash erasers, as well as letters.
Now do you see why Urchin is so
embarrassing? Blackboard erasers, sea
urchins, alphabet letters — what a cast!
Nonetheless, it's a neat little game. One
of the best features is the way the whole
screen scrolls as you move. I would like
to thank T&D Subscription Software
for these routines.
Game Play
To play Urchin, you need 16K Ex-
tended Color BASIC. The game works
on either disk or cassette systems, and
requires no special loading instructions.
Before typing in Urchin, turn your
computer off, wait a few seconds, then
turn it on again. Next, type in the
program listing and save it to disk or
cassette by typing SA\/E"URCHIN" or
CSAVE"URCHIN", respectively. Then
run the program. If you mistype any of
the DATA statements, the computer will
display an error, so be very careful when
typing these in.
When you run the program, you are
asked for a skill level from 1 to 9. Skill
Level I is very slow and easy, while
Level 9 is fast and extremely hard. I'd
suggest starting with Level 4.
When you select a skill level, the
screen clears and the blackboard ap-
pears, followed by the 26 letters of the
alphabet. After a one-second pause, the
computer beeps. You will then see a
January 1988 THE RAINBOW
T & D SUBSCRIPTION SOFTWARE CONTINUES ITS
ISSUE #1, JULY 1982
COVER 1
RACETRACK
HANGMAN
MUSIC ALBUM
LIFE EXPECTANCY
WORD TESTS
KILLER MANSION
BARTENDER
CALENDAR
ROBOT WAR
ISSUE #2, AUGUST 1982
UFO COVER PT 1
BIORHYTHM
BOMBARDMENT
BLACK JACK
COST OF LIVING
FRENZY
BUSINESS LETTER
QUICK THINK
QUEST INSTRUCTIONS
QUEST FOR LENORE
ISSUE #7, JANUARY 1983
NEW YEARS COVER
LIST ENHANCER
SUPER PRECISION DIV
BOMB DIFFUSE
SPACE STATION
ML TUTORIAL PT. 2
SHOOTOUT
FIND UTILITY
CYBORG INS.
CYBORG FACES
ISSUE #8, FEBRUARY 1983
COVER 8
DEFEND
3 DIMENSIONAL MAZE
COCO CONCENTRATION
AUTO LINE NUMBERING
ML TUTORIAL PT.3A
ML TUTORIAL PT3B
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
DUAL BARRIER
BRICKS
ISSUE #13, JULY 1983
THIRTEENTH COVER
FLASH CARD
ICE BLOCK
COSMIC FORTRESS
MAIL LIST
DOLLARS & CENTS
ML TUTORIAL PT. 8
SDSKCOPY
MUSIC SYNTHESIZER
CRAWLER
ISSUE #14, AUGUST 1983
MYSTERY COVER
ROW BOAT
COMPUTER TUTL PT. 1
INDEX DATABASE
DISKZAPPER
COCO-MONITOR
COCO-ARTIST
ROBOT COMMAND
TEST SCREEN PRINT
HIGH RESOLUTION TEXT
ISSUE #19, JANUARY 1984
BANNER
PROBE
DISK DIRECTORY PROTECTOR
OPTICAL CONFUSION
WORD PROCESSOR
WORD SEARCH
ASTRONAUT RESCUE
STAR TRAP
PIE CHART
FORCE FIELD
ISSUE #20, FEBRUARY 1984
INTRODUCTION:
HINTS FOR YOUR COCO
ESCAPE ADVENTURE
SEEKERS
MASTER BRAIN
LIST CONTROLLER
DISKETTE CERTIFIER
ROM COPY
BASIC RAM
SNAFUS
ISSUE #25, JULY 1984
CLOCK
COCO TECHNICAL LOOK PT 3
SKID ROW ADVENTURE
MONEY MAKER
PIN-HEAD CLEANING
LINE EDITOR INST.
LINE EDITOR
BOOMERANG
BUBBLE BUSTER
RECOCHET
ISSUE #26, AUGUST 1984
PEEK, POLE & EXECUTE
SAUCER RESCUE
YOUNG TYPER TUTOR
O-TEL-O
OLYMPIC EVENTS
DOUBLE DICE
COCO DATABASE
BATTLE STAR
COCO-PIN BALL
MONTEZUMAS DUNGEONS
ISSUE #3, SEPTEMBER 1982
UFO COVER PT. 2
BASKETBALL
CHUCKLUCK
SLOT MACHINE
ALPHABETIZER
NFL PREDICTIONS
FLAG CAPTURE
ROBOT BOMBER
ISSUE #4, OCTOBER 1982
UFO RESCUE
TANK BATTLE
DRIVEWAY
SOUNDS
BALLOON DROP
MIND BOGGLE
COCO-TERRESTRIAL ADV.
CALORIE COUNTER
JACK-O-LANTERN
ISSUE #5, NOVEMBER 1982
CATALOG COVER
BOWLING
PROGRAM INVENTORY
PROMISSORY-LOANS
CHECKBOOK BALANCER
TRIGONOMETRY TUTOR
CONVOY
BAG-IT
SPECTRA SOUND
CONVEYOR BELT
ISSUE #6, DECEMBER 1982
CHRISTMAS COVER
RAINDROPS
STOCK MARKET
ADVANCED PONG
DESTROY
SOUND ANALYZER
CREATIVITY TEST
VOICE DATA
ML TUTORIAL PT 1
LOONY LANDER
ISSUE #9, MARCH 1983
TIME MACHINE COVER
TRIG DEMO
PYRAMID OF CHEOPS
PROGRAM PACKER
BUDGET
ELECTRONIC DATEBOOK
ML TUTORIAL PT. 4
TAPE DIRECTORY
BLOCK-STIR
COCO ADDING MACHINE
ISSUE #10, APRIL 1983
TENTH COVER
PYRAMID OF DANGER
TYPING TUTOR
ML TUTORIAL PT 5
TINYCALC
STOCK MARKET COMP
YAH-HOO
MISSILE ATTACK
SCREEN PRINT
BRIKPONG
ISSUE #11, MAY 1983
ELEVENTH COVER
ARCHERY
FROG JUMP
ML TUTORIAL PT 6
MLT DICTIONARY
BASIC SPEED UP TOT.
METRIC CONVERTOR
GRAPHIC QUAD ANTENNA
GRAPHICS PROGRAM
CATERPILLAR CAVE
ISSUE #12, JUNE 1983
TWELFTH COVER
SHOOTING GALLERY
BOMB STOPPER
VALLEY BOMBER
STARFIGHTER
WHEEL OF FORTUNE
ML TUTORIAL PT 7
MERGE UTILITY
RAM TEST
LANDER
ISSUE #15, SEPTEMBER 1983
MYSTERY COVER PT. 2
GOLD VALUES
TREK INSTRUCTIONS
TREK
HIGH TEXT MODIFICATION
ASTRO DODGE
DR. COCO
PEG JUMP
MORSE CODE
PURGE UTILITY
ISSUE #16, OCTOBER 1983
MYSTERY COVER
BOPOTRON
DIRECTORY RECALL
VECTOR GRAPHICS INST.
VECTOR GRAPHICS
SKYDIVER
SWERVE AND DODGE
NIMBO BATTLE
TAPE ANALYSIS UTILITY
LIFE GENERATIONS
ISSUE #17, NOVEMBER 1983
THANKSGIVING COVER
3-DTIC-TAC-TOE
INDY500
COLLEGE ADVENTURE
MEMORY GAME
DUNGEON MASTER
WEATHER FORECASTER
GRID FACTOR INST.
GRID FACTOR
DRAW
ISSUE #18, DECEMBER 1983
CHRISTMAS COVER
CLIMBER
GALACTIC CONQUEST
WARLORDS
STATES REVIEW
MATH TUTOR
MACHINE LANGUAGE DATA
PRINTER UTILITY INST
PRINTER UTILITY
MUTANT WAFFLES
ISSUE #21, MARCH 1984
BASIC CONVERSIONS
FINANCIAL ADVISE
CASTLE STORM
DOS HEAD CLEANER
COCO TERMINAL
SNAKE CRAWLER
WAR CASTLE
SKY FIRE
EASY BASIC
DOTS 3-D
ISSUE #22, APRIL 1984
HEALTH HINTS
GLIBLIBS
CLOTHER SLITHER
BIBLE 1 & 2
BIBLE 3 & 4
CATCHALL
INVADER
ALIEN RAID
MOON ROVER
IO ERROR IGNORER
ISSUE #23, MAY 1984
MONEY SAVERS 1 & 2
STOCKS OR BOMBS
WALL AROUND
COCO TECHNICAL LOOK PT. 1
NUCLEAR WAR INST.
THERMONUCLEAR WAR
CIRCUIT DRAWER
MOUSE RACES
SUPER-SQUEEZE
DATA FALL
ISSUE #24, JUNE 1984
DIR PACK & SORT
BRICK OUT
COCO TECHNICAL LOOK PT.2
USA SLIDE PUZZLE
51 '24 SCREEN EDITOR
51 '24 SCREEN
CITY INVADERS
PRINTER SPOOLER
STEPS
SNAKE
ISSUE #27, SEPTEMBER 1984
COCO TO COM 64
GALACTIC SMUGGLER
INDYRACE
ACCOUNT MANAGER
CASSETTE MERGE UTILITY
STRING PACKING TUTORIAL
SPACE DUEL
BUGS
TRAP-BALL
BALLOON FIRE
ISSUE #28, OCTOBER 1984
HANGING TREE
CHECKERS
FOOTBALL +
MORE PEEKS, POKES
SPELLING CHECKER
SOUND DEVELOPMENT
WORD GAME
SCREEN REVERSE
AUTO COPY
RAT ATTACK
ISSUE #29, NOVEMBER 1984
DISK ROLL OUT
ROBOT ON
MULTIPONG
ADVENTURE GENERATOR
QUEST ADVENTURE
QUARTER BOUNCE
DUAL OUTPUT
KEY REPEAT
FULL EDITOR
METEOR
ISSUE #30, DECEMBER 1984
MATH HELP
ZECTOR ADVENTURE
WORLD CONQUEST
DRAG RACE
MINE FIELD
T-NOTES TUTORIAL
T & D PROGRAM INDEXER
SYSTEM STATUS
ERROR TRAP
DROLL ATTACK
VISA
SUPER SAVINGS
Single Issue $8.00
2-5 Issues $6.00 ea.
6-10 Issues $5.00 ea.
11 or more Issues . $4.50 ea.
AH 64 Issues $175.00
Every Issue Contains
10 or More Programs
Many Machine Language
Programs
Available for COCO I, Hand
All Programs Include
Documentation
We send
1 st Class
No Charge
Personal
Checks
Welcome!
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
BACK ISSUE SALE OF OVER 640 PROGRAMS
ISSUE #31, JANUARY 1985
TREASURES OF BARSOOM
BATTLE GROUND
STRUCTURED COMPILED LANGUAGE
LIBRARY MODULE
MINIATURE GOLF
STAR DUEL
ARITHMETIC FOOTBALL
GRID RUN
SPIRAL ATTACK
FAST SORT
MUNCHMAN
ISSUE #32, FEBRUARY 1985
DR. SIGMUND
ICE WORLD ADVENTURE
LOTTERY ANALYST
BASIC COMPILER
MUSIC CREATOR
MEANIE PATROL
TRI-COLOR CARDS
SHAPE RECOGNITION
DISK BACKUP
SPACE PROTECTOR
ISSUE #33, MARCH 1985
LIGHT CYCLE
PAINT
SKEET SHOOTING
GUITAR NOTES
ML DISK ANALYZER
PERSONAL DIRECTORY
NAUGHA ADVENTURE
EGGS GAME
DISK DIRECTORY PRINT
SPEED KEY
ISSUE #34, APRIL 1985
HOVER TANK
POWER SWORD
TERMITE INVASION
SPELLING CHECKER
DOS BOSS
NINE CARD CHOICE
MUSIC GENERATOR
FYR-DRACA
DRIVE TEST
GRAPHIC TOUR
ISSUE #35, MAY 1985
SELECT A GAME 1
TAPE PROBLEMS
STROLL TRIVIA
SOFTBALL MANAGER
FONTS DEMO
CLOWN DUNK MATH
ALPHA MISSION
DOS ENHANCER
HAUNTED HOUSE
ISSUE #38, AUGUST 1985
GOLF PAR 3
WIZARD ADVENTURE
KITE DESIGN
ROBOTS
GOMOKU
AMULET OF POWER
LINE COPY UTILITY
DISK PLUMBER
SUPER RAM CHECKER
GRAPHIC HORSE RACE
ISSUE #39, SEPTEMBER 1985
DRUNK DRIVING
CAR MANAGER
SQUEEZE PLAY
SUPER BACKUP
RECIPE MACHINE
ANTI-AIRCRAFT
UNREASON ADVENTURE
TALKING ALPHABET
SUPER VADERS
AUTOMATIC EDITOR
ISSUE #40, OCTOBER 1985
STAR TREK
HAM RADIO LOG
COCO-WAR
DISK LABELER
SHIP WAR
ELECTRIC COST
MULTIKEY BUFFER
NUKE AVENGER
CURSOR KING
SAND ROVER
ISSUE #41, NOVEMBER 1985
GRUMPS
DISK DRIVE SPEED TEST
SOLAR CONQUEST
GAS COST
RIME WORLD MISSION
WUMPUS
CHARACTER EDITOR
GRAPHIC TEST
GRAPHIC LOOPY
BOLD PRINT
ISSUE #42, DECEMBER 1985
HOME PRODUCT EVALUATION
YAHTZEE
DISK UTILITY
MACH II
ELECTRONIC BILLBOARD
CAR CHASE
SUPER MANSION ADVENTURE
SLOT MACHINE GIVE AWAY
TEXT BUFFER
TUNNEL RUN
ISSUE #36, JUNE 1985
SELECT A GAME 2
VIDEO COMPUTIZER
SPEECH SYNTHESIS
SPEECH RECOGNITION
SPACE LAB
AUTO COMMAND
COMPUTER MATCHMAKER
KNIGHT AND THE LABYRINTH
STAR SIEGE
TALKING SPELLING QUIZ
ISSUE #37, JULY 1985
CHESS MASTER
BIBLE 5-7
SHIPWREK ADVENTURE
FILE TRANSFER
FOUR IN A ROW
MARSHY
TAPE CONTROLLER
CATACOMB
AUTO TALK
SGR8PAK
ISSUE #43, JANUARY 1986
DUELING CANNONS
WATER COST
ZIGMA EXPERIMENT
MUSICAL CHORDS
SAFE PASSAGE
PASSWORD SCRAMBLER
GUNFIGHT
KEYPAD ENTRY
STYX GAME
PRINTER DIVERT
ISSUE #44, FEBRUARY 1986
HOME INVENTORY
NINE BALL
PRINTER REVIEW
EXPLORER ADVENTURE
SPANISH LESSONS
CROSS FIRE
RAM SAVER
GRAY LADY
JOYSTICK INPUT
COSMIC SWEEPER
ISSUE #45, MARCH 1986
INCOME PROPERTY MGMT
ELECTRONIC BILLBOARD 2
MOUNTAIN BATTLE
THE FIGHT
COLO KEENO
HOCKEY
LOGICAL PATTERNS
ON SCALE SCREEN
LIBERTY SHIP
SINGLE STEP RUN
ISSUE #46, APRIL 1986
SPECIAL EVENTS REMINDER
DISK LOCK
SMALL BUSINESS MANAGER
BOMB RUN
TANKS
TAR PITS
BASEBALL
NUMBER RELATIONSHIPS
ROULETTE
GLOBAL EDITOR
ISSUE #47, MAY 1986
CHRISTMAS LIST
BLACK HOLE
PITCHING MANAGER
SYMBOLIC DIFF.
BUG SPRAY
OWARE CAPTURE
EASY GRAPHICS
DESERT JOURNEY
SCREEN CONTROL
FULL ERROR MESSAGE
ISSUE #48, JUNE 1986
CHESTER
TV SCHEDULE
BASE RACE
ROMAN NUMERALS
ASTRO DODGE
HIRED AND FIRED
MULTI COPY
AUTO MATE
SCROLL PROTECT
NOISE GENERATOR
ISSUE #49, JULY 1986
COMPUTER I.O.U.
DISK DISASSEMBLER
BAKCHEK
PACHINKO
STOCK CHARTING
HAUNTED STAIRCASE
CANYON BOMBERS
DRAGONS 1 & 2
GRAPHIC SCROLL ROUTINE
AUTO BORDER
ISSUE #50, AUGUST 1986
BUSINESS INVENTORY
D & D ARENA
DISK CLERK
PC SURVEY
TREASURE HUNT
SCREEN GENERATOR
ASTRO SMASH
NFL SCORES
BARN STORMING
SMASH GAME
ISSUE #51, SEPTEMBER 1986
ASSET MANAGER
MONEY CHASE
FISHING CONTEST
RIP OFF
HAND OFF
BUDGET 51
VAN GAR
DOS EMULATOR
MEM DISK
VARIABLE REFERENCE
ISSUE #52, OCTOBER 1986
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
WORKMATE SERIES
CALENDAR
INVASION
THE TRIP ADVENTURE
FOOT RACE
FLIPPY THE SEAL
SCREEN CALCULATOR
ABLE BUILDERS
SUPER ERROR 2
ISSUE #53, NOVEMBER 1986
CORE KILL
LUCKY MONEY
COOKIES ADVENTURE
NICE LIST
SPANISH QUIZZES
PAINT EDITOR
CAVERN CRUISER
SNAP SHOT
MEGA RACE
KICK GUY
ISSUE #54, DECEMBER 1986
JOB LOG
PEGS
DIGITAL SAMPLING
JUNGLE ADVENTURE
PAINT COCO 3
CONVERT 3
COMPUTER TYPE
PANZER TANKS
MRS PAC
BIG NUM
ISSUE #55, JANUARY 1987
GRADE BOOK
MAIL UST
DOWN HILL
FIRE FOX
JETS CONTROL
GALLOWS
DIR MANAGER
FIRE RUNNER
GRAPHICS BORDER
COSMIC RAYS
ISSUE #56, FEBRUARY 1987
CALENDAR PRINT
CRUSH
GALACTA
OCEAN DIVER
CLUE SUSPECT
WORD EDITOR
ALIEN HUNT
DEMON'S CASTLE
PICTURE DRAW
DIG
ISSUE #57, MARCH 1987
THE BAKERY
ENCHANTED VALLEY ADV.
SAFE KEEPER
WAR 1
BOMB DISABLE
PIANO PLAYER
SPREAD SHEET
SLOT MANEUVER
LIVING MAZE
GEM SEARCH
ISSUE #58, APRIL 1987
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
PRINTER GRAPHICS
SIMON
PANELING HELPER
MULTI CAKES
CAR RACE
ELECTRONICS I
BATTLE TANK
DISKETTE VERIFY
WEIRDO
ISSUE #59, MAY 1987
GENEOLOGY
HOME PLANT SELECTION
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ELECTRONICS 2
ISSUE #60, JUNE 1987
JOB COSTING
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CATCH A CAKE
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ELECTRONICS 3
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KING PEDE
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flashing square in the center of the
screen — that's you. Quickly tap one of
the four arrow keys to indicate the
direction you would like to go (if you
aren't quick, the game will end).
Purple urchins start appearing on the
screen. Try to run over all the letters by
using the four arrow keys, without
doubling back on yourself or hitting an
urchin. When you go over a letter, you
will hear a slight beep, which means you
just scored another point.
So hop to it! Stop making fun of the
scenario and start typing in Urchin.
YouH love it!
Warning: The author advises that the
player not eat "Alpha-bits" while play-
ing Urchin, as some players have been
known to become confused, ending up
erasing their cereal and eating their TV
sets. If this happens, unplug the TV
immediately.
(Questions may be directed to the
author at P.O. Box 1729, Huntington
Station, NY 11746. Please enclose an
SASE when writing for a reply.) □
The listing: URCHIN
10 GOTO 460
20 CLS0:SS=0:EC=175
30 IF CO=128 THEN SC=1 ELSE SC=6
5
40 FOR C=1024 TO 1535:POKE C,CO:
NEXT
50 FOR C=SC TO SC+25
60 PO=RND( 512) +1023
70 IF PEEK(PO)=CO THEN POKE PO,C
:NEXT ELSE 60
80 C$=CHR$(10)+CHR$(94)+CHR$(8)+
CHR$(9)
90 FORI=14000 TO 14151:READD:POK
EI , D : TM=TM+D: NEXT : IF TM<>16384 T
HEN SOUND 1, 10: CLS: PRINT"* DATA E
NTRY ERROR*" : PRINT "RECHECK DATA
STATEMENTS . " : END
100 DEFUSR0=14000:DEFUSR1=14046
110 DEFUSR2=14092:DEFUSR3=1412 3
120 SOUND 1,1:K$=INKEY$
130 IF PEEK(1264)=EC THEN 230
140 IF PEEK(1264)=159 AND TURNS>
5 THEN 230
150 IF PEEK(1264)<91 AND PEEK(12
64)>64 THEN SOUND 87,1:38=88+1
160 POKE 1264,191
170 FOR C=l TO P:NEXT
180 POKE 1264,159
190 TURNS=TURNS+1
200 IF RND(11-S)=2 THEN POKE RND
(100)+1024,EC
210 IF SS=26 THEN 290
220 GOTO 330
230 FOR C=0 TO 8
240 POKE 1264,128+16*0-1
250 PLAY"O3L50CDEDC"
260 NEXT: CLS
270 PRINT "OOPS . . . BAD MOVE !",,,"
YOU SCORED:" ;SS:PRINT»ON SKILL L
EVEL: " ;S : PRINT: PRINT" **TOTAL POI
NTS**": PRINT" ";S+SS
275 PRINT: PRINT "MAYBE NEXT TIME
YOU'LL GET THEM ALL... (KEEP TRY
ING ! ) "
280 PLAY"01L2EEDCP1P1":RUN
290 PRINT@295,"YOU GOT THEM ALL'
300 FOR C=l TO 20
310 SOUND C*10+l, 2 :NEXT
320 CLS : PRINT "CONGRATS !!",," (NOW
TRY A HIGHER SKILL LEVEL) » : PLAY
"CDEDC":RUN
330 K$=INKEY$:IF K$=""GOTO350
340 D=INSTR(C$,K$)
350 ON D GOSUB 370,380,390,400
360 IF D=0 THEN 330 ELSE 130
370 U=USR0(0)
380 U=USR1(0)
390 U=USR2(0)
400 U=USR3(0)
RETURN
RETURN
RETURN
_ rr _ .RETURN
410 DATA 142,4,0,16,142,58,152,1
66,128,167,160,140,4,32,38,247,1
42,4,0,166,136,32,167,128, 140,5,
224,38,246,142,5,224, 16,142,58,1
52,166,160,167,128,140,6,0,38,24
7,57
420 DATA 142,5,224,16,142,58,152
,166,128,167,160,140,6,0,38,247,
142,5,224,166,130,167,13 6,32,140
,3,255,38,246,142,4,0,16,142,58,
152,166,160,167,128,140,4,32,38,
247,57
430 DATA 142,5,255,230,132,16,14
2,0,31,166,130,167,1, 166,162,16,
140,0,0,38,244,231,132,230,130,1
40,3,255,38,229,57
440 DATA 142,4,0,230,132,16,142,
0,31,166,1,167,128,166,162,16,14
0,0,0,38,244,231,128,140,6,0,38,
231,57
450 END
460 PC LEAR 1
470 CLS
480 PRINT " »URCHIN. . . A »N0 FRIL
LS 1 GAME« BY ERIC W. TILEN
IUS . "
490 PRINT: PRINT" *USE THE ARROW K
EYS TO SAVE THE * * LETTERS FROM DE
STRUCTION! !!!!!* "
500 INPUT"SKILL LEVEL (1-9) ";S
510 IF S<1 OR S>9 THEN 470 ELSE
P=200/S-20
520 CO=180
530 GOTO 20
36
THE RAINBOW January 1988
1 Programm i ng Tutor i a l
16K ECB
the I
era
CI
0'
>1
. . . a previous article [September
: P 1 1987, Page 26], I covered var-
U J iables and some of their uses
in programming. This time I will cover
more of the most used commands that
will help you become good pro-
grammers.
Remember the old saying "Practice
makes perfect"? It is even more true in
programming. If you know about a
command and do not practice it, you
will probably forget about the com-
mand when it's needed most. Therefore,
try all of these commands at least 10
times, to entrench them in your mind.
Also, remember this series just covers
some of the commands found in the
Color Computer BASIC language, not
the commands pertaining to drawing
and graphics generation. Many pro-
grammers do not program for graphics,
so I concentrated on the commands
common to many of the different BASIC
languages.
My son is able to translate programs
for the Apple and Commodore comput-
ers for use in his school work. Many of
the commands translate directly, with
few exceptions.
REM O
The apostrophe (') or REM symbol is
the famous remark statement. It notifies
the computer that all characters follow-
ing the symbol are not commands and
should be ignored by the computer's
command interpreter.
Use REM statements to place remarks
within the program body itself to embed
programming notes that explain the use
or function of particular portions of a
program. This helps when trying to
debug a program, which is the act of
finding the location of a problem (called
a bug) that has made itself known by
returning a wrong answer or causing the
Dave Ostler is an IC layout designer and
the systems manager for a CAD main-
frame system. He teaches CAD and
electronics at Guilford Technical Com-
munity College. Dave is married and
has three children, Avis, Chuck and
Erik.
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 37
program to crash. It also allows a
programmer to know where various
parts of the program are stored within
the body of the program. This is helpful
when you have various loops within a
program.
This practice is useful for beginners
and for expert programmers who are
working with a very intricate program.
Some programmers prefer to use the
REM statement instead of the apostrophe
symbol. The proper syntax for this
command is 10 GOTO 5 'THIS LOOP
STARTS THE PROGRAM OVER. The com-
puter recognizes only the GOTO 5 com-
mand and ignores the rest of the line.
Remember that any character you
pJace in a program will use up memory,
whether it's a command or remark and
text. So, use remarks only where you
need them, but use them!
CLEAR
The CLEAR command notifies the
command structure that you want to set
up an area of memory reserved for
variable storage. It is normally used as
CLEAR xxxx, where xxxx is the amount
of memory you want to reserve. Or it
can be used as CLEAR xxxx % yyyy,
where xxxx is still the amount of mem-
ory you want to reserve, but yyyy is an
area of memory you desire to protect
from overwriting. The yyyy area is
usually used to protect the BASIC mem-
ory area from any variable storage.
The figure is usually obtained
by trial and error, until a satisfactory
balance between variable storage and
program area is reached.
Also, when you clear memory within
the body of a program, all variables are
cleared out. All numeric variables will
now equal zero, and all string variables
will have nothing in them after a CLEAR
command is issued. Therefore, it is
normal practice to issue a CLEAR com-
mand early in a program, unless you
want to clear out all variables at a
certain point in a program,
PRINT@
The PRINTS command makes a pro-
gram appear professional. It orders the
computer to print text or graphics
characters to the screen at the location
desired. For the screen locations that
are available, see your manual for the
PRINT© worksheet page.
Proper syntax is PRINT@ xxx, , where
xxx is a numerical value between 0 and
511. This numerical value directly
relates to the screen location as found
in the PRINTS worksheet. The com-
mand is usually used as 10 PRINT©
38 THE RAINBOW January 1988
128, "THIS TEXT WILL BE PRINTED".
This would have been printed at
screen location 128, and the text would
have ended at screen location 152.
Another enhancement of the PRINTS
command is to use it with the CL5
command and to use the semicolon
delimiter. Try this line and see what
result it has:
10 CLS3:PRINT@ 227, "THIS
TEXT WILL BE PRINTED";
The screen would be blue with nor-
mal text starting at screen location 227
and ending at screen location 251. The
only difference between this line and the
other one above is that the screen is blue
with the text centered within the blue
screen. Notice that blue is showing even
after the last character of text is printed.
Take out the semicolon and see what
effect it has on how the line is printed.
Here are tips that will help you center
text on a line:
1) Count the number of characters
you want printed on the line. (Re-
member, a line can be no longer
than 32 characters.)
2) Subtract that number from 32.
3) Take the remainder from Step 2
and divide by 2.
4) Add the amount obtained in Step
3 to whatever screen location line
you want to print that text.
STRINGS
The STRINGS command is used to
create a 1 to 255 character string made
up of the same character. This is useful
when trying to create a title page,
border, etc., to enhance a program's
appearance.
Proper syntax for this command is
STRINGS ( xx, where xx is the
character desired. This character may
be any of the ASCII characters, any of
the graphics characters your computer
can generate for screen use, or any
characters your computer can send to
various output devices, such as disk
drives, printers, tape drives and mo-
dems. The yy value is the number of
characters that you want to create.
SOUND
The SOUND command produces a
tone from the speaker of the television
or monitor. It can be used to notify you
when input is needed or an error has
been detected or made.
The proper syntax for this command
is SOUND where x is a number
between 1 and 255 and sets the pitch of
the tone. Y is a number between 1 and
255 and sets the length of the tone.
GOSUB
The GOSUB command forces the com-
puter to jump to a defined line, which
contains the desired subroutine, within
the program. This is an unconditional
loop that usually contains conditional
loops nested within it; therefore, they
are also called nested loops. A GOSUB
subroutine must always end with the
RETURN command. This command will
force the computer back to the next
command directly following the GOSUB
command. The only exception is when
the RETURN command is superceded by
a GOTO or IF/THEN command.
The proper syntax for this command
is GOSUBjcxxx, where xxxx is the line
number where the subroutine starts.
This command is useful when using
a pause within a program, such as
"Press any key to continue." You can
place the GOSUB command at the end of
the area where you want to pause the
program. The program can then go to
the subroutine and wait for the key
press. After the key is pressed, it will
return to the program command imme-
diately after the GOSUB command.
Look at Listing 1 for an example of
the GOSUB command.
CHRS
The CHRS command converts a nu-
merical value to a single character
string. Use this when you want to send
control codes to a software programma-
ble printer or to print graphics charac-
ters to the screen or printer.
The proper syntax for this command
is CHR$ [xxx) , where xxx is the numer-
ical value that is converted into a single
character string.
PRINTUSING
The PRINTUSING command prints
the text following it in the format that
was selected. This format is specified by
putting characters behind the PRINT-
USING command. These characters can
be found by looking in your manual
under the PRINT command area.
The proper syntax for this command
is PRINTUSING "$tttttt, tttttt tttT
;B. Assume a value of one million for
the integer variable B. This particular
format will print the integer variable
B in the format of $1,000,000,00.
Or, for a value of 10,000 for B, it will
print $10 , 000 . 00. Note that no matter
what the value is, it will be printed with
two decimal places to the right of the
period, and the dollar sign printed 12
spaces to the left. The commas will only
be printed when the value is great
enough to warrant it.
This command is useful when you
want to print a numerical value or
character string in a particular fashion.
One use for the PRINTUSING command
would be in a program that prints values
in dollars and cents.
IF/THEN
The IF/THEN command tests varia-
bles to see if various conditions have
been met. In standard BASIC the syntax
is IF/THEN GOTO, But the Color Com-
puter BASIC can shorten it by leaving off
the GOTO command because it is as-
sumed by the command interpreter.
Proper syntax is IF X = V THEN 100(3;
when variable x equals the value of
variable y, then the program will be
forced to jump to Line 1000.
When multiple comparisons are to be
made, you can use the ELSE command.
The proper syntax for this use is IF X
= Y THEN 1000 ELSE 2000 or IF X = Y
THEN 1000 ELSE IF Y = Z THEN 5000
ELSE. . . . When x equals the value of
y, then force a jump to Line 1000, or else
force a jump to Line 2000.
You can see that you can compare
many different variables within a com-
mand line and keep memory require-
ments to a minimum.
Looking at Listing 1
Line 10 clears the screen, moves the
cursor down two lines and prints the
text.
Line 15 forces the program to go to
the subroutine located at Line 1000.
At Line 1000, the cursor is moved
down the screen four more lines, and the
text "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE" is
then printed.
At Line 1010, string variable B$ is set
equal to the key pressed. Only in this
instance we want a key to be pressed to
continue the program, and we don't
care which key. If no key is pressed, this
line will be repeated by the IF/THEN,
ELSE command directly following the
I NKEY$ command. (Note that IF/
THEN, ELSE is a variation on the IF/
THEN command. The ELSE command
helps shorten up the command line so
that multiple comparisons can be made.
Looking at Listing 2
Line 0 is a remarked line.
Line 5 clears 1,000 bytes of memory
for variable storage, clears the screen
and prints the text at the specified
locations.
Line 10 prints text at the location,
allows the input of variable R and
sounds a tone.
Line 20 prints a string of blanks at the
location to clear out the previous text;
then it prints new text at the same
location, allows the input of variable B
and sounds a tone.
Line 30 forces the program to go to
the subroutine located at Line 1000.
Lines 100 to 130 all sound a tone,
perform mathematical manipulation of
variables A, B and C, then force a jump
to Line 500.
Line 140 sounds a tone and jumps to
Line 700.
Line 200 prints a string of blanks at
the location to clear out the previous
text, then prints new text at the same
location, allows the input of variable B
and sounds a tone.
Line 305 forces the program to go to
the subroutine located at Line 2000.
Lines 310 to 340 all sound a tone,
perform mathematical manipulation of
variables R, B and C, then force a jump
to Line 500.
Line 350 sounds a tone and forces a
jump to Line 700.
•
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SERINA - System Mode Debugger for OS9 L2
SERINA is a debugger for OS9 system modules
(device drivers, file managers, etc.). It allows you to
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points, assemble and disassemble code and examine
and change memory. There are special provisions for
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cessing I/O registers. A must for system programmers.
Requires CoCo3, OS9 L2, $139.00
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OS9 is a trademark of Microware Systems Corp., MSDos is a trademark of Microsoft Corp.
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MSF is a file manager which allows you to use MSDos
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Requires C0C0 3, OS9 L2, SDISK3 driver $45.00
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 39
Line 500 clears the screen and prints
text at the specified location.
Line 510 sets up a FOR/NEXT com-
mand loop and sets a value for Integer
B. Note that the loop will count to five
before going on to another part of the
program.
Lines 520 to 590 first print graphics
characters at the locations specified,
then set up a timing loop so the graphics
character will be displayed for a desired
amount of time before the next charac-
ter. See your manual for the characters
that can be printed to the screen.
Line 600 sounds a tone and informs
the FDR/NEXT command set up in Line
510 that the next value of B should be
counted.
Line 610 clears the screen, sounds a
tone and prints text at the location;
immediately following the text, the
integer variable C is printed out in the
format set up by the PRINTUSING com-
mand.
Line 620 forces the program to jump
to Line 300.
Line 700 clears the screen, prints text
at the location, allows the input of
variable R, sounds a tone and forces a
jump to Line 20.
Lines 1000 to 1070 comprise a sub-
routine that prints text at various
locations. They then use the INKEYS to
determine which key has been pressed
and send the program to the appro-
priate line to perform the proper math-
ematical manipulation. These lines are
100 to 130.
Lines 2000 to 2070 make up a subrou-
tine that prints text at various locations,
then uses the INKEYS to determine
which key has been pressed and send the
program to the appropriate line to
perform the proper mathematical ma-
nipulation. These lines are 310 to 340.
(Questions or comments regarding
this tutorial may be directed to the
author at 901 Ferndale Blvd., High
Point, NC 27260. Please enclose an
SASE when writing for a reply.) □
Programming Exercises
Utilizing the methods presented,
write a program that allows you to enter
your name, street address, city* state
and ZIP. This program should also
allow you to call a subroutine that
prints up a menu that lets you recall
each variable entered in turn.
Note: Use the commands found in
this series to dress up your program any
way you want. Feel free to experiment
and have fun trying new things. A good
way to learn new methods of program-
ming is to find a program in which you
like the way something is done, and
examine the program to see how it is put
together.
(See Page 174 for a possible solution
to this exercise.)
Hints and Tips
When you program, you will find
shortcuts to entering loops and varia-
bles. Each character within a program
takes up memory in your computer,
even the line numbers and spaces in the
program. The overhead that the pro-
gram uses cannot be eliminated. There-
fore, you can minimize memory usage
by combining lines. That will result in
fewer line numbers and, therefore, a
smaller program.
; When programming, always number
your lines in increments of 10 or 100 so
that if you need to edit the program you
can do so without changing the pro-
gram flow drastically. Nothing puts a
damper on programming like having to
rewrite a program because you num-
bered the lines 1* 2^ 3, 4 and 5 instead
of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50, which would
allow plenty of room to make enhance-
ments.
When you want to print one charac-
ter string or text immediately following
another character string or text; you
must place a semicolon directly after the
string value or text*
This short program will print the text
l&this manner:
THIS, |5 1, 2, 3
, J5f,v, , f $?y* if r,- >i . j ' . , . . .fit,'
10 CLS : PRINT "THIS IS I,";
20 PR I NT "2 ?
30 PRINT "3.
40 END
□
Listing 1: GOSUB
1J3 CLS : PRINT : PRINT
AMPLE OF THE GOSUB
ASE NOTE THAT THIS
15 GOSUBlj3j3j3
2J3 CLS : PRINT : PRINT
ECOND PART OF THE
PLEASE NOTE THAT
INE 2/3."
25 GOSUBlj30j3
30 CLS : PRINT : PRINT
HIRD PART OF THE
PLEASE NOTE THAT
INE 2J3. ALSO NOTE
THE LAST PART OF
0 YOU MAY DO THIS
MANY, MANY TIMES.
E GOSUB AREA."
35 GOSUB 10j3j3
4)3 CLS : PRINT : PRINT
RINT" THIS DEMO IS
TING TO BASIC
"THIS IS AN EX
COMMAND . PLE
IS LINE 1J3."
"THIS IS THE S
GOSUB COMMAND
THIS IS NOW L
"THIS IS THE T
GOSUB COMMAND
THIS IS NOW L
THAT THIS IS
THIS DEMO ALS
TYPE OF THING
USING THE SAM
: PRINT : PRINT : P
ENDED. REBOO
AT THIS TIME.
ii
45 FORX=lT01j3j3j3STEPl:NEXTX:CLS:E
ND
1)3)3)3 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT" P
RESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"
1)31)3 A$=INKEY$ : IFA$=" "THEN1010EL
SElj32j3
1)32)3 RETURN
Listing 2: COCDCALC
J3 'THE COCO CALCULATOR HAS BEEN
WRITTEN TO DEMONSTRATE COMMANDS.
THIS PROGRAM IS TO BE USED WITH
THE BASIC PROGRAMMING COURSE
WRITTEN BY DAVID W. OSTLER, COPY
RIGHT 1987
5 CLEAR 10 J30 : CLS : PRINT@32 , "WELCOM
E TO THE COCO CALCULATOR" : PRINT®
96," PLEASE ENTER AMOUNTS YOU WA
40 THE RAINBOW January 1988
NT
ii
THE CALCULATOR TO WORK ON
10 PRINT@224, "FIRST AMOUNT" ; : INP
UTA:SOUND20j3,l
20 PRINT§224,STRING$(20,32) :PRIN
T@224 , "NEXT AMOUNT" ; : INPUTB: SOU
ND20j3,l
30 GOSUBlj3j3j3
Ij3j3 SOUND200 / 2:C=A+B:GOTO5J30
110 SOUND200,2:C=A-B:GOTO500
120 SOUND200,2:C=A*B:GOTO500
130 SOUND200,2:C=A/B:GOTO500
140 SOUND200 / 2:GOTO700
300 PRINT@224 / STRING$(20 / 32) :PRI
NT@ 224," NEXT AMOUNT " ; : INPUTB : S 0
UND200,1
305 GOSUB2000
310 SOUND200 / 2:C=C+B:GOTO500
320 SOUND200 / 2:C=C-B:GOTO500
330 SOUND200 / 2:C=C*B:GOTO500
340 SOUND200 / 2:C=C/B:GOTO500
350 SOUND200 / 2:GOTO700
500 CLS: PRINT© 141 ."WORKING"
510 F0RB=1T05STEP1
520 PRINT@236,CHR$ (162) ;:PRINT@2
43,CHR$(161)
530 FORX=1TO50STEP1:NEXT
540 PRINT@236,CHR$ (168) ;:PRINT@2
43,CHR$(164)
550 FORX=1TO50STEP1:NEXT
560 PRINT@236,CHR$(164) ;:PRINT@2
43,CHR$(168)
570 FORX=1TO50STEP1:NEXT
580 PRINT@236,CHR$(161) ;:PRINT@2
43,CHR$(162)
590 FORX=1TO50STEP1:NEXT
600 SOUND199,l:NEXTB
610 CLS:SOUND20 / 5:PRINT@64 / "TOTA
L EQUALS : » ; : PRINTUS ING"$###/ ###,
###.##" ;c
Mouse Tales By Logan Ward
goqp flHFiHUIELLfFir
a
DD QQDD DDDDDD DUDDUUU
620 GOTO300
700 CLS:PRINT@224, "FIRST AMOUNT"
; : INPUTA ; SOUND200 , 1 : GOTO20
1000 PRINT@297,"DO YOU WANT TO"
1010 PRINT@330, " (A) DD"
1020 PRINT@362 / "(S)UBTRACT"
1030 PRINT@394 / "(M)ULTIPLY"
1040 PRINT@426," (D)IVIDE"
1050 PRINT@458 , " (E) ND"
1060 G$=INKEY$:IFG$=""THEN1060EL
SEIFG$="A"THEN100ELSEIFG$="S"THE
N110ELSEIFG$="M"THEN120ELSEIFG$=
"D"THEN130ELSEIFG$="E"THEN140ELS
E1060
1070 RETURN
2000 PRINT6297, "DO YOU WANT TO"
2010 PRINT@3 30,"(A)DD"
2020 PRINT@3 62," (S)UBTRACT"
2030 PRINT@394 / "(M)ULTIPLY"
2040 PRINT@426,"(D)IVIDE"
2050 PRINT@458,"(E)ND"
2060 G$=INKEY$ : IFG$=""THEN2060EL
SEIFG$="A"THEN310ELSEIFG$="S"THE
N3 2 0ELSEIFG$="M"THEN3 3 0ELSEIFG$=
»D"THEN340ELSEIFG$="E"THEN350ELS
E2060
2070 RETURN
"I cannot imagine the CoCo 3 without ADOS-3;
it would not be a complete machine."
The RAINBOW, July 1987
You've moved up to a CoCo 3. A powerful new machine. Now. it's time to
give BASIC a shot in the arm, with ADOS-3. Wouldn't it be nice to turn on your
machine and be greeted by an 80-column display, in the colors of your
choice, with your own custom startup message? To run routinely at 2 MHz
{double speed) without having to slow down for disk and printer operations?
This and much, much more is possible with ADOS-3, our CoCo 3 adaptation
of the occlalmed original ADOS, which shares the original's virtual 100%
compatibility with commercial software. After customizing ADOS-3 using the
provided configuring utility, you can have it burned Into an EPROM that plugs
into the Disk BASIC ROM socket, or just use it in RAM as a disk utility. (EPROM
+ burning will cost $15-20; we provide information concerning how you can
have this done.) Supports double-sided drives (35. 40, or 80 tracks). FAST and
SLOW commands, auto llr.e number prompts, RUNM command, keystroke
macros, arrow-key scroll through BASIC programs, auto-edit of error line, and
many more valuable features.
"ON A SCALE OF 1 TO 10, I RATE ADOS-3 A SOLID 15." RAINBOW, 7/B7
Disk . , . S34.95 Original ADOS tor CoCo 1 or 2 . . . $27.95 (See 6/87 RAINBOW review)
Original ADOS plus ADOS-3 $50.00
THE PEEPER
ML program tracer that multltasks with the target program. An excellent
learning tool for the ML novice; an Invaluable debugging aid for the expert.
CoCo 1, 2, or 3 compatible.
Disk . . . $23.95 Assembler source listing . . . Add S3.00
MONITOR CABLES for CoCo 3
Magnavox8CM515/8CM505/8CM643 . ,
$19.95 SonyKV1311CR
$29.95
^ >+ r x 11111 N. Kendall Drive,
SPECTROS^EM S^^ SftAigk 33i 76
^ (305) 2 74 -3899 Day or Ewe
No delay on pflrswal checks •Please add $2,00 BhppiPQ » Sorry no credit cards or COD s ^
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 41
♦
Come to Radio Shack for the Very
I i Li
f '
j II i
jfA X.
WW,
Si
nil
v » —
^t^r poOH
1M TI«E_
"f MM
43^
■■■■
COLO
rmath
2C-320I
hot »
fPM
fid
- •
COLOR
SCRIPS II
Tandy Computers:
Because there is
no better value ™
Best in Color Computer Software
What a selection!
At Radio Shack, we're dedicated to
making sure that you never run out of
ways to use and enjoy your Color
Computer. We've got a terrific line of
software — here's just a sample!
Games for the whole family
Let your Color Computer open the
door to an amazing world of fun and
adventure. Radio Shack has a dazzling
selection of all types of popular and
challenging games.
Explore a secret cave in Downland.
Challenge the evil wizard in Dun-
geons of Daggorath. Avoid the Great
White Bat of Cave Walker, Take part
in a daring raid in Koronis Rift, Or
enter the magical world of Rogue.
Take off into the realism of the wild
blue yonder of Flight Simlulator II.
Or go even further as you transport
supplies between two galaxies of Zone
Runner. Marvel at the 3^D color
graphics of Rescue on Fractalus and
Springster. Get down to earth and
play Color Baseball. Or play the
3,000'year-old game of Mahjong in
the smokey backrooms of Shanghai,
Make learning fun
One of the most valuable potentials
of your Color Computer is giving your
children a head start in education.
We've got programs for kids of all ages
that will give them hours of produc-
tive fun.
Younger children enjoy the chal-
lenging fun of Color Math, Winnie
the Pooh, Donald Duck's Playground
and Mickey's Space Adventure. Get-
ting Started With Extended Color
BASIC and The Color Computer
Artist help children realize computer
skills at an early age. Older kids enjoy
learning with Where in the World is
Carmen Sandiego? and Microscopic
Mission.
Boost your productivity
No matter what your personal
needs, we've got programs that will
put your Color Computer to work
where you need it most.
Pick up our easy-to-use Color
SCRIPSIT® II and TSSPELL for per-
fect letters, manuscripts and reports,
or create complex charts and graphs
with Phantomgraph. For the program-
mer's delight we have OS-9 Level
Two and the development system.
Eliminate clutter by filing your re-
cords electronically with Color File
II. Get your household budget in or-
der with Personal Finance. Spectacu-
lator™ electronic spreadsheet is useful
in forecasting financial projections.
Chart your stock holdings and market
trends using Investograph.
And with DeskMate 3™ you get
seven of the most popular productiv-
ity applications— Text, Ledger, Index
Cards, Paint, Telecom, Calendar and
Calculator— all on one diskette.
Come in today!
Need more suggestions? Drop by to-
day and pick up a copy of our new
1988 Computer Catalog & Software
Reference Guide. Radio Shack is your
one-stop software center.
m
I
■
■
I
Send me a new 1988 computer catalog.
Mail To: Radio Shack, Dept. 88-A-703
Wc
300 One Tandy Center, Fort Worth, TX 76102
Name
Address
City
State
ZIP
Phone
I
1
I
1
Koronis Rift and Rescue on Fractalus/TM Lucasfilm Games.
Rogue/TM Epyx. Flight Simulator H/TM subLOGIC Corp. Shanghai
and Microscopic Mission/TM Activision. Where in the World is
Carmen Sandiego?/TM Broderbund. 0S-9/TM Microware and
Motorola.
Radio /hack
The Technology Store
A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION
1 Graphics
Make up to 120 different faces
THE CLOWN OF A
By Bill Bernico and George Aftamonow
44
Budding plastic surgeons, take note: With Clown
Faces you can control facial features onscreen
to create up to 120 different faces.
When you run the program, youll see the general
outline of a face. The numbers 1 through 5 are
Bill Bernico is a self-taught computerist who enjoys
golf, music and programming. He is a drummer with
a rock band and lives in Sheboygan, Wisconsin,
George Aftamonow is a self-taught programmer living
in Milford, Connecticut, who enjoys creating and
designing graphics.
THE RAINBOW January 1 988
displayed down the left side of the screen. To add or
change a feature, press one of the keys from 1 to 5.
Key Number 1 adds or changes the hair/ hat portion,
Key Number 2 changes the eyebrows. Key 3 changes
the eyes. Key 4 changes the nose, and Key 5 changes
the mouth.
Once you have the features on the screen, press any
of those keys again for a different combination; there
are four combinations of each of the five features,
making quite a large number of possibilities.
(Questions or comments may be directed to Bill at
708 Michigan Ave., Sheboygan, WI 5308 L Please
enclose an SASE when requesting a reply J □
1 10 228
25 110
35 206
END 63
The listing: CLOWNS
1 1 CLOWNS by Bill Bernico
amd George Aftamonow
2 PMODE4 , 1 : PCLS1 : SCREEN1 , It COLOR
'0,1:LINE(0,0)-(255,191) ,PSET,B:D
RAW"BM10,25U8BM10,45R4D4L4D4R4BM
10 , 78R4D4NL3D4L4BM10 , 120D4R4U4D8
BM10 , 160R5U4L5U4R5" : CIRCLE ( 128 , 9
6) ,7^,0,2
3 I$=INKEY$:IFI$=""THEN3
4 I=VAL(I$) :IFK10R I>5THEN3 .
5 ON I GOT06, 10,7,8,9
6 LINE (50 , 1) - (200 , 52 ) , PRESET, BF:
GOSUB16:GOT03
7 LINE(70,66)-(170,90) , PRESET, BF
:GOSUB29:GOT03
8 LINE(70,89)-(170, 132) , PRESET, B
F:GOSUB3 6:GOT03
9 LINE ( 80 , 130) - (180 , 186) , PRESET,
BF:GOSUB42 : GOT03
10 LINE(70, 52) -(180,65) , PRESET, B
F:GOSUB23 :GOT03
11 CIRCLE (128, 96) , 70 , j3 , 2 : CIRCLE (
210,78) , 12 ,0 , 2 : CIRCLE (46,78) ,12,
0,2: LINE (220, 90) -(250,90) ,PSET:L
INE- (194, 148) ,PSET:LINE(38,90)-(
5,90) ,PSET:LINE-(65,14 8) , PSET
12 POKE178,173:PAINT(200,100) , ,0
: PAINT (30, 100) , ,0:POKE178,0:RETU
RN
13 CIRCLE (128, 96) , 70 , 0 , 2 : RETURN
14 CIRCLE (128, 96) ,70, 0,2: CIRCLE (
128,96) ,70,0, 2 -.RETURN
15 CIRCLE (128,96) ,70, 0,2: RETURN
16 F1=F1+1:IF F1=5THEN Fl=l
17 ON Fl GOTO 18,19,21,22
18 GOSUB11 : DRAW"BM76 ,0F46R10E46"
:POKE178,2:PAINT(85,5) , ,0:POKE17
8,0: RETURN
19 GOSUB13: CIRCLE (128,1) ,50,0, .7
, .9, .6:PAINT(128,5) ,0,0:RETURN
20 GOSUB13: CIRCLE (128,1) ,50,0, .7
, . 9 , . 6 : RETURN
21 GOSUB13 :DRAW"BM98,0S8ND4BR3ND
6BR2ND8BR3ND10BR3ND10BR4ND12BR4N
D10BR3ND10BR3ND8BR3ND6BR4ND4S4":
RETURN
22 GQSUB13:DRAW"BM66,42R124":DRA
W"BM126,0D30R4U30 f, : POKE178 , 1:PAI
NT (85, 5) , ,0:POKE178,0: RETURN
23 F2-F2+1:IF F2=5THENF2=1
24 ONF2 GOT025, 26, 27,28
25 GOSUB11:CIRCLE(108,94) ,20, ,2,
.65, .85: CIRCLE (158, 92) ,20, ,2, .65
,.85: RETURN
26 GOSUB11:DRAW M BM88,63E11R10F11
BR22E11R10F11" : RETURN
27 GOSUB11 : DRAW"BM114 , 60NH8DNH6B
R2 6NE8UNE 6 11 : RETURN
28 GOSUBll:DRAW f, BM94, 60R70DL70" :
RETURN
29 F3=F3+1:IF F3=5THEN F3=l
30 ON F3 GOTO 31,32,33,35
31 GOSUB13 :E1$="S8FRFNR4DNR4FNU2
RNU2RNU2ERERED2GDGLGL3HLHUHU2S4"
: DRAW"BM145 , 70"+El$ : DRAW"BM98 , 70
"+E1$: RETURN '
32 GOSUB13:CIRCLE(158, 78) ,8,0,1.
5, 1,1: CIRCLE (108,78) ,8,0,1.5,1,1
:CIRCLE(108,76) ,8,0, .5,0, .5:CIRC
LE(158,76) ,8,0, .5,0, .5:CIRCLE(10
8,80) ,2,0, 1,1: CIRCLE (158,80) ,2,0
,1,1:RETURN
33 GOSUB13 :DRAW"BM150, 66S8R4F5D3
G2L2H2UHUHU2HU" : DRAW l, BM113 , 66L4G
5D3F2R2E2UEUEU2EUS4 "
34 CIRCLE (100, 82) , 4 , 0 , 1, 1 : CIRCLE
(162,82) ,4, 0,1,1: PAINT (100, 82) ,0
,0: PAINT (162, 82) ,0,0: RETURN
35 GOSUB13 :E4$="S8RERER7F2D2GNGU
2 HLGD2 FNRL4 HLH 3 S 4 " : DRAW H BM142 ,70
"+E4 $ : DRAW"BM98 , 70 ff +E4 $ : PAINT ( 11
8,72) ,0,0: PAINT (164, 72) ,0,0:RETU
RN
3 6 F4=F4+1:IF F4=5THEN F4=l
37 ON F4 GOTO 38,39,40,41
38 GOSUB14: CIRCLE (130, 110) ,20,0,
1,1: RETURN
39 GOSUB14: CIRCLE (130, 110) ,14,0,
1.5,1,1:RETURN
40 GOSUBI4: CIRCLE (130, 110) ,20,0,
.5, 1,1: RETURN
41 GOSUB14: CIRCLE (125, 109) ,8,0,1
, .1, .7: CIRCLE (135, 109) ,8,0,1, .9,
. 4 : DRAW"BM130 , 119D8" : RETURN
42 F5=F5+1:IF F5=6THEN F5=l
43 ON F5 GOTO 44,46,47,48,49
44 GOSUB15: CIRCLE (128, 142) ,32,0,
1,0, .5:CIRCLE(128,142) ,30,0, .6, .
99, .51: LINE (0,185) ^(68, 160) ,PSET
: LINE (190, 160) -(255,185) ,PSET
45 POKE178, 200: PAINT (60, 188) , ,0:
PAINT (220, 188) , ,0 : POKE178 ,0 :RETU
RN
46 GOSUB15: CIRCLE (12 8, 172) ,32,0,
1, .5,0: CIRCLE (128, 170) ,34,0, .5, .
48, .02: RETURN
47 GOSUB15 : DRAW" BM98 , 150R60E8R8D
20G15L61H15U20R8F8BD15R54 !, :RETUR
N
48 GOSUB15 : DRAW" BM98 , 145R60F8D18
L16H8L2 8G8L16U18E8BFSR40" : RETURN
49 GOSUB15:DRAW"BM118,155E6R2F2N
D2E2R2F6NRL2 1F7R7E7 " : RETURN
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 45
CB ASIC- I I I
The ULTIMATE Color Computer III Basic Compiler!!!
If you want to write fast efficient Machine Language Programs and you don't want to spend the next few
years trying to learn how to write them in Assembly language or with a cheap compiler, then CBASIC III is the answer!!!
CBASIC III is the only fully integrated Basic Compiler and Program Editing
System available for the Color Computer 3. It will allow you to take full
advantage of all the capabilities available in your CoCo-3 including 512K RAM,
without having to spend years trying to learn assembly language programming.
CBASIC III allows you to create, edit and convert programs from a language you
are already familiar with Enhanced Disk Color Basic, into fast efficient machine
language programs easily and quickly. CBASIC III supports all the enhanced
hardware available in the CoCo-3, including Hi-Res Graphics, & Screen displays,
Extended Memory and Interrupts (Keyboard, Timer, Serial & Clock). It is 99%
syntax compatible with Enhanced Disk Color Basic, so most Basic programs can
be loaded and compiled with little or no changes required.
The compiler is an optomizing two-pass integer compiler that converts
programs written in Basic into 100% pure 6809 Machine Language programs
which are written directly to disk in a LOADM compatible format. The programs
generated by the compiler are run as complete stand alone programs. A built in
linker/editor will automatically select one and only one copy of each run-time
library subroutine that is required and insert them directly in the program. This
eliminates the need for cumbersome, often wasteful 'run-time" packages.
CBASIC III is for both Beginning & Advanced Users
CBASIC III is a Powerful tool for the Beginner or Novice programmer as well
as the Advanced Basic or Machine Language programmer. You can write
programs without having to worry about Stack Pointers, DP registers, memory
allocation, and so on. because CBASIC III will handle it for you automatically.
All you have to do is write programs using the standard Basic statements and
syntax. For the Advanced Basic and Machine Language programmers, CBASIC
III will let you take command and control every aspect of your program, even
generating machine code directly in a program for specialized routines.
CBASIC III adds many features not found in Color Basic, like Interrupt and
Reset handling, to give you a level of control only available to very advanced
Machine Language programmers. Plus, we made it exceptionally easy to use, not
like some other compilers. CBASIC III is the friendliest and easiest compiler
available for the Color Computer HI.
CBASIC III has Full Command Support & Speed
CBASIC III features well over 150 Basic Commands and Functions that fully
support Disk Sequential and Direct access files, Tape, Printer and Screen I/O. It
also supports ALL the High and Low Resolution Graphics, Sound, Play and
String Operations available in Enhanced Color Basic, including Graphics
H/GET, H/PUT, H/PLAY and H/DRAW, all with 99.9% syntax compatibility.
CBASIC III also supports the built in Serial I/O port with separate programmable
Printer & serial I/O baud rates. You can send and receive data with easy to use
RINT, INPUT, INKEY , GETCHAR and PUTCHAR commands.
CBASIC III is FAST. Not only will CBASIC III compiled programs execute 10
to several 100 times faster than Basic, but the time it takes to develop a CBASIC
in program verses writing a machine language program is much, much shorter. A
machine language program that might take several months to write and debug
could be created using CBASIC III in a matter of days or hours, even for a well
experienced machine language programmer. We had a report from one CBASIC
user that claimed n a Basic program that used to take 3 hours to run, now runs in 7
to 8 minutes". Another user reported a program that took 1 to 1 & 1/2 hours to
run in Basic, Now runs in 5 to 6 minutes!!!.
CBASIC III is more than just a Compiler
CBASIC III has its own completely integrated Basic Program Editor, that can
be used to create and/or Edit programs for the compiler. It is a full featured
editor with functions designed specifically for writing and editing Basic programs.
It has built in block Move and Copy functions with automatic program
renumbering. Complete, easy to use inserting, deleting, extending and overtyping
of existing program lines. It is also used for Loading, Saving. Appending
(merging), Killing disk files and displaying a disk Directory. It also has automatic
line number generation for use when creating programs or inserting sequential
Unes between existing lines. You can set the printer baud rate and direct normal
or compiled listings to the printer for hard copy. The built in editor makes
program corrections and changes as easy as "falling off a log". If CBASIC III
finds an error when compiling, it points to the place in the program line where the
error occured. All you have to do is tell the editor what line you want to start
editing and when it is displayed, move the cursor with the arrow keys to the place
where the error is and correct it. Just like that, it's simple.
Selectable 32/40/64/80 Column Displays in 192 or 225 Res.
CBASIC III is the only Color Basic Compiler that includes it's own 32, 40, 64
or 80 by 34 line display in 192 or 225 Resolution. All of these display formats are
part of the standard CBASIC III compiler package. Not only can they be used for
normal program editing and compiling, but can also be included in your compiled
programs, with a single command, "HIRES"!! The run-time display package is
not just a simple "WIDTH 80" display, but a full featured package, far more
advanced than the "WIDTH 40 or 80" displays. It will let you do things you
expect like "PRINT @" as well as X,Y positioning. You can select characters per
line, underline, character highlight, erase to end of line or screen, home cursor,
home & clear screen, protect screen lines, and much more.
128K and 512K RAM Support
CBASIC III makes full use of the powerful and flexible GIMI chip in the
Color Computer 3. It will fully utilize the 128K of RAM available and install 2
Ultra Fast Ramdisks if 512K is available, for program Creation Editing and
Compilation. You can easily access all 512K of memory in a Compiled program
thru several extended memory commands that can access it in 32K or 8K block
and single or double bytes. CBASIC III also allows your program to use the
upper 32K of RAM space automatically for variables or even program storage at
run-time. It will automatically switch the RAMs in and out when needed. There
are also two other commands that allow you to control the upper 32K of RAM
manually, under program control. No other Color Basic compiler directly
supports the use of Extended RAM like CBASIC III.
All Machine Language
CBASIC III is completely written in fast efficient Machine Language, not
Basic, like some other Color Basic compilers. Because of this, CBASIC III can
edit and compile very large programs, even using the 80 column displays it can
handle almost 40K of program. Some of the other Basic compilers can only
work with 16K or about 200 lines. Even working with large programs, CBASIC
III compiles programs with lightning fast speed. It will compile a 24K program
to disk in less than 2 minutes! That's without a listing being generated. We've
heard stories about some other compilers that take almost 10 minutes to
compile a simple 2-3K program. You might inquire about this when you look at
some of the other compilers available.
Compare the Difference
CBASIC III is not just another Color Basic Compiler. It is the only complete
Basic Compiler System for the Color Computer. Compare CBASIC Ill's
features to what other compilers offer and you'll see the difference. When
comparing CBASIC III to other compilers you might want to keep some of these
questions in mind. Does it support I/O functions? You can't write much of a
program without PRINT, INPUT and so on. What about complex string
statements, or strings statements at all? Can you compile a complex string like:
MID$(RIGHT$(DAS(VAL(IN$),LEN(LE$)),3,3)? How large of a programcan
you write? Can you use two character variable names for string & numeric
variables, like Basic? Does it support all the Hi-Res graphics statements
including H/PLAY, H/DRAW, H/GET and H/PUT, using the same syntax as
Basic? Do you ever have to use a separate Basic program? How long would it
take to compile a 24K program? Can you take complete Basic programs an
compile them without extensive changes? Will they work? How do you edit a
program when it has errors compiling?
The Finished Product
Since CBASIC III contains statements to support ALL of the I/O devices
(Disk, Tape, Screen & Printer), Hi-Res Graphics, Sound, and Enhanced Screen
displays, it is well suited for a wide range of programming applications. When
CBASIC III compiles a program, it generates a complete, Ready to Run
machine language program. The finished product or program does not have to
be interfaced to a Basic program to perform some of its functions or commands.
This may seem obvious to you, but some of the other Color Basic compilers
don't necessarily work this way. Some of their compiler commands need a
separate Basic program in order for them to work. In some cases, they require
that a separate Basic program be interfaced to the compiled program to perform
I/O functions, like INPUT, PRINT and so on. CBASIC III doesn't do this, ALL
of it's commands are compiled into a single machine language program, that
does not require any kind of Basic program to make it work.
Price Verses Performance
The price of CBASIC III is $149.00, it is the most expensive Color Basic
Compiler on the market, and well worth the investment. We spent over 3 years
writing and refining CBASIC III, to make it the Best, most Compatible Color
Basic compiler available. Most of our CBASIC III users already bought one or
more of the other compilers on the market and have since discarded them.
Before you buy a compiler, compare the performance of CBASIC III against any
Color Basic compiler. Dollar for Dollar CBASIC III gives you more than any
other Color Basic compiler available.
' Requires 128K & Disk $149.00
"Over the years, few products have impressed me
as much as this one/ The Rainbow, December 1987
To order CBASIC III by mail, send check or money order for the amount of
purchase, plus $3.00 for shipping & handling to the address below.
To Order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD call us at (702) 452-0632
(Monday thru Saturday, Sam to 5pm PST)
CER-COMP LTD.
5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89110
(702) 452-0632
TEXTPRO - IV
"The ULTIMATE Color Computer III Word Processing System"
' 9 Hi-Res Displays from 58 to 212 columns by 24 lines in 225 Res.
1 Screen Display of Bold, Italic, Underline & Double Width print.
' 9 Proportional Character Sets Supported with full Justification.
1 80 Programmable Function Keys & Loadable Function key sets.
1 Three Programmable Headers and One Programmable Footer.
I Automatic Footnote System places lines at the bottom of a page.
' 7 Tab Commands, with: Center, Left, Right and Decimal align.
* Autoexecute Startup files for easy printer & system setup.
* 8 Pre-Deflned & 10 Programmable printer function commands.
* Supports Library files for unlimited printing & configurations.
' Disk file record access for Mail Merge & Boiler Plate printing.
> Complete Automatic Justification, Centering, Flush left & right.
* Change indents, margins, line length, etc. anytime in the text.
* Create and Edit files larger than memory, up to a full disk.
II Easily imbed any number of printer format and control codes.
* Compatible with all printers including Laser printers.
» Built in Ultra Fast 2 drive RAMDISK for 512K support.
TEXTPRO IV is the most Powerful Word Processing System available for the
COCO-3, designed for speed, flexability and extensive document processing. It is
lot like most of the other word processing programs available for the Color
Computer. If you are looking for a simple word processor to write letters or other
;hort documents, and never expect to use multiple fonts or proportional printing,
then most likely you'll be better off with one of the other simple word processors.
But, if yoo want a powerful word processor with extensive document formatting
features to handle large documents, term papers, manuals, complex formatting
problems and letter writing, then TEXTPRO IV is the answer. It works in a
totally different way than most word processing programs. It uses simple 2
character abbreviations of words or phrases for commands and formatting
information that you imbed directly in your text. There are over 70 different
formatting commands you can use without ever leaving the text your working on.
There are no time comsuming and frustrating menu chases, you are in total
control at all times. You can display the formatted document on the screen before
a single word is ever printed on your printer. Including margins, headers, footers,
page numbers, page breaks, column formatting, justification, and Bold, Italic,
Underline, Double Width, Superscript and Subscript characters.
TEXTPRO IV can even support LASER PRINTERS with proportional fonts.
take a good look at this AD? It was done with TEXTPRO IV on an OKIDATA
LASERLINE-6 laser printer!!! All of the character sets used on this AD are
proportional, all centering, justification, font selection, and text printing was
performed automatically by TEXTPRO IV.
What you see is what you get!
TEXTPRO IV has 9 Hi-Resolution screen fonts to choose from, with 58 to 212
characters per line in 225 Resolution, for the best display possible. You can easily
match the width of your printed page to the screen and you can have it
automatically change display widths as you change printer fonts so you can even
display the Tine print". All of the screen fonts can display, Bold, Italic, Underline,
Superscript, Subscript and Double Width characters. When you you want to see
what your printed document will look like, TEXTPRO IV will let you see it on the
screen in all its glory, so that, "What you see is what vou get".
Standard Commands
TEXTPRO IV has all the document formatting commands you expect in a
word processor and then some. The setup commands include: line length, top
margin, bottom margin, page length, page numbering on/off, page format on/off,
automatic word fill on/off and justification left, center, right or full. Some of the
Vertical control features include: Test for a number of lines left on a page, skip to
next page, set page number, page pause, single and multiple line spacing.
TEXTPRO IV features 3 programmable Header lines that can be centered, left
or right justified and one programmable Footer line. There are 3 commands for
continuous, single and paragraph indenting, Center Text, Center Line and Right
Justify text with character fill.
Printer & Special Commands
TEXTPRO IV has 8 pre-defined printer & screen commands for Bold, Italic,
Double Width, Underline, Subscript, Superscript, Condensed and Double Strike
print. It also has 10 programmable functions that you can use to access intelligent
printer features like: Graphics, variable line spacing, half line feed, horizontal &
vertical positioning. There are also 3 other printer commands that allow you to
imbed control code sequences anywhere in the text.
There is a Footnote command that will automatically place footnotes at the
bottom of the page. Another command allows you to display a message on the
screen and input text from the keyboard, to be included in your printed document.
There is also a repeat command that allows you to repeat an entire document or
part of one, up to 255 times.
Tab Functions
TEXTPRO IV features an elaborate system of tab commands for complete
control over column formatting. There are 10 programmable tab stops that can be
defined and re-defined at any time. They can be used to: Center over Tab
column, Right Justify to Tab column, Decimal Align over Tab column, Left
Justify to Tab column (Normal Tab) and Horizontal Tab. They can also be used
with a numeric column position for maximum flexibility.
Proportional Fonts & Printing
TEXTPRO IV is the only Color Computer III Word Processing system that
gives you Justified Proportion Printing, which can give your documents and letters
that professional touch that just isn't obtainable with fixed or mono spaced
printing. And just about all printers today support proportional fonts, and with
Laser Printers you can get typesetting quality output for just pennies a page.
TEXTPRO IV supports up to 9 proportional fonts, with full justification. And,
you can even mix mono spaced and proportional fonts for maximum flexability.
Even if you don't use proportional printing, you can select between Pica, Elite and
Condensed fixed width fonts to get fully justified printing.
Mail Merge and Text Processing Disk Functions
TEXTPRO IV supports several commands that allow you to import data or
text from other disk files. They allow you to include information like names and
addresses for Mail Merge capability, Import standard paragraphs or other
information for Boiler Plate type functions and more. Some of the commands
include: Open a file, Field a Record, Read a Record into fielded variables, Read
single or multiple lines and Trim spaces from the trailing end of fielded variables.
Another powerful disk function not to be overlooked is the 'LIBRARY"
command that allows you to include the entire contents of a file in your text. This
can be very useful for a great many applications. You can use a Library command
to automatically include a standard or optional printer setup command file, or to
include standard paragraphs, headers or information created from a spread sheet
or any other program. And, for printing very large documents that consist of
several files linked together.
Autoexec Startup Files
TEXTPRO IVwill automatically load and execute a command text file when it
first executes. This allows you to customize the program configuration for your
system and printer whenever you startup TEXTPRO IV. You can setup the
screen display format, colors, adjust automatic key repeat, printer baud rate, load
a set of function keys, load your printers control codes and more.
80 Programmable Function Keys
TEXTPRO IV allows you to have up to 80 function keys with just about any
kind of information or command sequences you can imagine. Once programmed,
you can have a command sequence execute using a single functi on key. You can
also Save and Load function key sets at any time. So, you can have several sets for
different writing tasks or projects, the possibilities are endless. Just think, with a
single function key you could, load a disk file, search for and replace all the
occurances of a phrase, save the file back to disk, have it processed and printed!
Text Editing
TEXTPRO IV has a powerful, full featured, line oriented screen editor that is
faster and more efficient then most editors you've ever worked with. It supports
single or multiple line copy and move, global or local search and replace, word and
character insert/delete, block delete and much more. It features adjustable
automatic key repeat, selectable display foreground and background colors, screen
line width and more.
TEXTPRO IV uses fully compatible ASCII formatted files. You can even
direct formatted output files to a standard ASCII disk file. It will Load, Save,
Append. Kill, Text Process files from disk, Roll part of a file to disk, Get next
portion of a file, display a Directory and Backup Ramdisk to & from Floppy disks.
TEXTPRO IVs files are also compatible with spelling checker programs like
Spell 'n Fix from Star Kits, a shareware program, available with TEXTPRO IV for
your evaluation, just for the asking.
Fully Buffered Keyboard
While many word processing programs are slow and often lose keystrokes.
TEXTPRO IV has a fully buffered keyboard that is virtually impossible to out
type. Even when it's busy, It will still remember the keystrokes entered. You can
enter in commands or whatever, even during insert mode you'll never lose a key.
Professional Word Processing Power
TEXTPRO IV is a powerful tool for both the Casual and Professional Word
Processing user. It offers a wide range of features and functions that can satisfy
even the most demanding writer. Even though you may not need all of
TEXTFRO IV's power and flexability right now, its not a program that you can
easily outgrow. As your needs and skills improve, you'll discover that you won't
need to go out and buy another word processing program, TEXTPRO IV will
already be ready and waiting. No Text Processing program available for the Color
Computer III gives you more Text Processing Power than TEXTPRO IV, It can
make your writing appear more professional than you ever thought possible.
Check around, see what other word processing programs have to offer in terms of
power, speed and flexability. When your finished comparing them against
TEXTPRO IV, you'll see that it's the only real choice for the Color Computer III
Requires 128K & Disk $89.95
To order TEXTPRO IV by mail, send check or money order for the amount of
purchase, plus $3.00 for shipping & handling to the address below.
To Order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD call us at (702) 452-0632
(Monday thru Saturday, 8am to 5pm PST)
CER-COMP LTD.
5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89110
(702) 452-0632
Coming Soon: CoCo 1 & 2 versions of TEXTPRO IV
★★★★^★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★^
liO POMTER
In conjunction with the rainbow's Scoreboard, which appears
bimonthly, we offer this column of pointers for our game-playing
readers' benefit. If you have some interesting hints, tips or responses
to questions, or want help yourself, we encourage you to write to the
Scoreboard, c/o the rainbow.
FEEDBACK
In response to questions from:
• Ron Smith: In Dungeons of Daggo-
rath, you incant the Vulcan ring as Fire
and you receive an iron sword from one
of the two blobs on the first level. On the
second level, three stone giants bearing
axes instead of clubs carry flasks. On the
third level, three evil knights hold them.
Also on the third level, you must be
burning a lunar torch to even see most
of the creatures.
You will receive a torch on the second
level which you can't reveal. It is a solar
torch and will enable you to see what's
invisible with a pine torch. The creature
that is killing you is the scorpion. Even
with the lunar torch burning, the scor-
pion is hard to see. You can see it per-
fectly with the solar torch burning. If you
have the lunar torch burning, you will
find the scorpion in the bottom-left
corner of the screen. One shot from the
iron sword will kill it.
• Mike Morrell: In CoCo Zone, you get
the oxygen from the cabinet in the infir-
mary. You get the key from the safe in the
warden's office, but go into the warden's
office by way of the panel.
• Daniel Streidt: In Black Sanctum,
there is a jug of wine in the room with
the fireplace. Take this jug to the old man
upstairs through the mirror. Find the old
man when he leaves and get the jug again.
The jug is used to hold the snow when
it melts. Go outside and type GET SNOW.
• Greg Barnes: In Shenanigans, you
must move through the woods until you
find the unicorn horn. Type BLOW HORN
and a leprechaun drops the rope at your
feet.
• Shawn Bonning: In Dungeons of Dag-
gorath, there are five levels of play. But
what you are concerned about should be
the third level. As soon as you climb
down the hole to the third level, drop
about 10 to 15 items as quickly as pos-
sible. When an evil knight comes, he will
start to pick up your items. Hit him until
you faint, then let your heart calm down
a little, then hit him once every four to
five seconds.
The scorpions take one shot from the
iron sword, but they can kill you just as
quickly. You can see them with a lunar
torch, but only if they're right on top of
you. The solar torch works better,
though.
Wraiths are the floating faces you see
on the fourth level. To kill them, let your
heart calm down almost totally, drop one
item and hit them until they die. A good
defense against any fourth level monster
is to find a medium-sized hall and move
back and forth around him until your
heart is settled enough to attack.
James Stakelin
Cynthiana, KY
• Darren King: In Dungeons ofDaggo-
rath, you must first construct a map of
levels 1 and 2, You are exerting too much
energy on Level 1. Follow a course
covering the parameter of the level. As
you hear the creature, stop, pull your
shield and type FIR if your sword is in the
right hand. As soon as the monster enters
your cell, press ENTER, type M and press
enter again. Now type M and FIR. It gives
your heartbeat time to slow down and
gives you a chance to look at your map.
B. Keith Dougherty
Altoona, PA
• Russ Maede: In Sea Quest, as you are
on the beach, continue East until you
have passed the steps. Presuming you
have the metal detector, type PUSH
BUTTON. The detector will buzz loudly.
Use the shovel to dig and you will find
a mirror. Take this to the mermaid. Type
GIVE MIRROR. When you do this, the
mermaid will give you the key to the trap
door in the beach house.
In Zaxxon, how do all the scoreboard
highs earn at least 1 million points? I can't
manage to get more than 1 50,000 because
of fuel loss. In Sea Quest, how do you
successfully drop everything in the cave?
Tim Everson
Sandusky, OH
• Ian Renauld: To get past the sheer wall
in Martian Crypt, type SAY MORE AND
jump/vv^P ; ' ' ;' v ^;Vv "
• Neil Lehouillier: In Martian Crypt*
throw the stalactite at the waith which
you find in the underground river en-
trance.
Oakiawn, IL
• Nila Grose and Ian Renauld: In Sea
Quest, you cannot get the speargun, and
you get by the shark by using shark
repellent. It is in a locked part of the
house, and the mermaid will give you the
key if you give her the right article. Try
tying the balloon to the anchor and then
inflating the balloon underwater. At the
start of Bashan, go north and get the
lamp, then go east to the crack, get what
is in the crack and rub the lamp. Go north
until you are in the city.
• Louie Elliott: In Zork I, the key to
unlock the grating can be found in the
maze with the skeleton. The basket and
the chain are to lower things to a lower
level that you will need, such as a torch,
coal and a screwdriver, but you cannot
take it with you because the doorway is
too narrow.
Richard King
Plymouth IN
• Mike Duvall: To get the scepter in
Sands of Egypt, you must have the snake
oil in the canteen. At the pool, type WALK
TREE- Climb the tree and get the dates.
Go down and then go east two times.
Type FEED CAMEL, MOUNT CAMEL, RIDE
CAMEL and DISMOUNT. Oil the scepter and
pull it. Don't eat the dates yourself, they
might be useful later.
• Allen Bell: At the top of the cliff in
Sands of Egypt, go down. Go west until
you are in the sand and out of the base
of the cliff. Go south, then east and youTI
be at the pool.
• Jason Mielke: In Sands of Egypt, with
the ladder, just float down the river until
you see a hole in the ceiling; Type DROP
LADDER and CLIMB LADDER.
Phil Derksen
Render sonville, NC
★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★^
48 THE RAINBOW January 1988
• Scott Garling: In Vortex Factor, to
open the safe, open the desk in the same
room. On the documents you will find the
numbers.
How do you open the main door in the
hall? Also, in Syzygy, what are the
coordinates for the transporter?
Robert Limoges
Pincourt, Quebec
• Michael Sargent: In Raaku-Tu do
what I did — get mad. Kick the altar; it
moves and opens tb a secret passage.
Zak Peloquin
y^orth Kingston, RI
Scoreboard:
Whenever you go to the third level in
Dungeons of Daggorath, it's best you
fight at least 10 or more creatures before
going up against the wizard's image. The
secret to beating the wizard's image is
simple. When you hear him coming, have
one ring in your left hand and a Hale
flask in your right Type flL and wait. As
soon as he is in front of you press enter.
As soon as you hear the ring fire, move
forward as many times as possible. Don't
wait for the ring to stop firing before you
move or he will get his turn and kill you.
After running, turn and use the Hale
flask. Drop it and pull another Hale or
Thews flask. Repeat these steps again.
Remember: "Behold! Destiny awaits
the hand of a new wizard!"
Kevin Neil Shimp
Woodstown, NJ
Scoreboard:
In Dungeons of Daggorath, how do
you kill the real wizard in Level 6?
In Sands of Egypt , how do you find the
scepter and what is the purpose of the
magnifier?
Greg Fields
Comanche, TX
Scoreboard:
In Dungeons of Daggorath, how do
you kill the knights without the rings? On
Level 1, I have encountered a creature
that fills the entire screen. What is . this
creature and how can it be destroyed?
Jeff $$ore
Scoreboard:
How do you defeat the wizard's image
on the third level of Dungeons of Dag-
gorath! I have used the rings to defeat the
evil knights. Are they the secret?
Bill Davis
Vidalia, LA
Scoreboard:
Once I have killed the wizard$;m&age
in Dungeons of Daggorath, I am trans-
ported to a different level, and everything
that I have previously saved in my back-
pack disappears. Just before I am trans-
ported, the wizard's image leaves a scroll.
How do you stop the contents in the
backpack from disappearing and how do
I get back to my original level and get the
scroll?
Daniel Thickins
Simoce, Ontario
Scoreboard:
In Dungeons of Daggorath, type IN-
CANT FIRE to incant the Vulcan ring.
There are no scrolls or flasks on the first
level. The torches acquired on the first
level that won't reveal are lunar torches.
They will usually reveal after one or two
knights on the second level have been
killed. To defeat the knight on the second
level, you must attack several times,
move down the hall a few spaces and turn
around. Repeat this process until he is
dead.
In Zork /, the cyclops can be scared
away by typing ODYSSEUS.
In Raaku-Tu, what do you do when
you have safely exited the temple?
Matthew Yarraus
Easthampton, MA
Scoreboard:
In Pyramid 2000, how do I get out of
the maze? Do I need any objects to get
out?
Jeff Remick
Warren, MI
Scoreboard:
In Pyramid 2000, when you get to the
west end of the Twopit room go down,
type POUR WATER and the plant will grow.
Climb the plant and you will get a key
and the golden eggs.
How do you get from the maze to the
pharaoh's treasure chest?
Peter Antonacopoulos
Toa Baja, Puerto Rico
Scoreboard:
In Dallas Quest, how do I get the
flashlight and the knapsack down the
ladder at the trading post and still be able
to turn the flashlight on?
To get past the snake, examine the
parrot. Pull the curtain to get the flash-
light at the trading post.
Robert Taylor
Yuma, AZ
Scoreboard:
How do I get the flashlight in Dallas
Questl Once I do find the flashlight, how
dp I get down the ladder with it and the
knapsack?
Rick Moore
Greensburg, IN
Scoreboard:
In Sands of Egypt, the axe is on top
of the pyramid. Keep the shovel through-
out the game. Leave the water and dates
outside of the pool before you go into the
opening. The dates can be found up in the
trees.
When entering the treasure room, drop
all items, except the torch. This way you
have enough room to fit in the cracked
wall. All you need is the ladder, and
remember to go out the same way you
came in.
Remember to untie the rope from both
the pole and the boat. When you reach
the hole in the roof, type PLRCE LADDER
and CLIMB LADDER before you are swept
over the falls. When done, just ride the
camel home. •
Joe Boccia
E. Northport, NY
Scoreboard:
How do you get the torch and the
magnifying glass in Sands of Egyptl
Brian Hill
Crawfordsville, IN
Scoreboard:
In Bedlam, you must open the door of
your cell in order to exit. Then, type a
directional command. How do you get
past the dog and how do you get the green
key in the therapy room?
In Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy,
in order to get the plotter you must first
have the babel fish and second, you must
listen to Prostetnic Jeltz's poetry. Beware
though, Jeltz's first poem is not his
favorite. He wont read more unless you
signify that you're enjoying it.
Do you need a cutting tool in Sands
of Egypt! If so, where can you get it? How
do you get palm fronds?
Graham Stinson
Edmonton, Alberta
S;$0 respond to cither readers' inquiries
and requests for assistance, reply to
"Scoreboard Pointers," c/o THE RAIN-
BOW, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY
40059. We will immediately forward your
letter to the original respondent and, just
as importantly, well share your reply
with all "Scoreboard" readers in an
upcoming issue.
For greater convenience, "Scoreboard
Pointers" and requests for assistance may
also be sent to us through the MAIL
section of our Delphi CoCo SIG. From
the CoCo SIG> prompt, pick MAIL,
then type SEND and address to: EDITORS.
Be sure to include your complete name
and address.
— Jody Doyle
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 49
9
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IT TALKS, SINGS AND
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SUPER VOICE is no ordinary speech synthesizer. It uses Silicon
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IT TALKS. A free TRANSLATOR text-to-speech program makes
writing your own talking program as easy as SAYING "HELLO."
SUPER VOICE works in any 32K or 64K computer. A disk system
requires a Y-Cable or Multi-Pak.
Here are the facts;
the decision is yours.
SUPER VOICC
REAL TALKER
RS SPEECH
CARTRIDGE
VOICE-PAK
Synthesizer Device
SSI-263
SC-01
SP-256
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Speaking Speeds
16
1
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Volume Levels
16
1
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Articulation Rates
8
1
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Vocal Tract
Filter Settings
1
1
1
Basic unit
ot Speech
64 phonemes
4 durations each
64 phonemes
64 allophones
5 pause lengths
64 phonemes
Pitch Variations
4096 (32 absolute levels
with 8 Inflection speeds)
4
1
4
SUPER TALKING HEADS
Paul and Pauline, our talking heads program is normally $24.95. Until
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Illinois residents add 6V<% sales tax
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Training EARS to your particular voice
print takes seconds. Up to 64 voice prints
may be loaded into memory. You may
then save on tape or disk as many as you
like so that your total vocabulary is virtu-
ally infinite.
Speech and Sound Recognition. EARS is re-
ally a sound recognition system, so it re-
ally doesn't matter whether you speak in
English, Spanish, orFrench. Infactyoudo
not have to speak at all, you can train
EARS to understand sounds such as a
musical note or a door slamming.
Hands Off Programming. Imagine writing
your own BASIC programs without ever
touching the keyboard. Everything that
you would normally dp through a
keyboard can now be done by just
speaking.
Programming EARS Is Easy. LISTEN,
MATCH and other commands have been
added to BASIC so that programming
EARS is a piece of cake! The single BASIC
line: 10 LISTEN: MATCH will instruct
EARS to listen to you and return the
matching phrase.
It Talks. EARS is also capable of high qual-
ity speech. We mean REALLY high quality.
The speech is a fixed vocabulary spoken
by a professional announcer. Speech
Systems is currently creating a library of
thousands of high quality words and
phrases. For a demonstration call (312)
879-6844, you won't believe your ears or
our EARS.
DISK OWNERS. EARS will work with any
disk system with either a MULTI-PAK or
Y-CABLE. Our new Triple Y-CABLE was
specifically developed for those wishing
to add SUPER VOICE as a third device.
You Get Everything You Need. You get ev-
erything you need including a specially
designed professional headset style noise
cancelling microphone. The manual is
easy to use and understand. Several
demonstration examples are included so
you don't have to write your own pro-
grams unless you want to. EARS will work
in any 32K or 64K Color Computer.
SUPER VOICE $20 OFF
Imagine talking to your computer and it
talking back to you. When you need an
unlimited vocabulary, you can't beat
SUPER VOICE. For a limited time, we will
give you the SUPER VOICE for $59.95 with
your EARS purchase. Even if you already
have another speech unit, here is your
chance to buy the best and save $20.
VOICE CONTROL
Applications for EARS are astounding.
Here is our first of many listening pro-
grams to come. VOICE CONTROL is a
program specifically designed to allow
you to control any appliance in your
house with your voice and our HOME
COMMANDER (sold separately) or the
Radio Shack Plug 'N' Power controffer.
For example, you can control your TV by
saying "TV ON" or "TV OFF". . $24.95
FREE
BUNK DISK
OR TAPE
WITH EVERY
ORDER
VISA'
Dealer Inquiries
Invited
'//'
Speech Svfsl
ems
We accept CASH, CHECK, COD, VISA and MASTER CARD orders.
Shipping and handling US and Canada $3.00
Shipping and handling outside the US and Canada $5.00
COD charge $2.00
Illinois residents add 6 1 A% sales tax
38W255 DEERPATH ROAD
BATAVIA, ILLINOIS 60510
(312) 879-6880 (TO ORDER)
CALL ANY DAY TO ORDER. ALSO ORDER BY MAIL
FILE EDIT HIDI HISC
ad t n r n
(5) ITI R I g]
HIDI Instruments:
0
2
4
6
8
A
C
E
□01 Brass 1: 005
006 Piano 3: 0 09
013 E Organ 5: 014
003 Trunpei 7% 016
018 Oboe 9 019
021 Vibrphn B: 026
025 Clavier 0: 032
043 Snaredr F: 045
String
Gui tar
P Organ
Flute
Clarnet
Harpsch
Tinpani
Percttsn
Lyra
COMPATIBLE!
so p4*
» j » » » » i » » » i
< ♦ ♦ i i Y » < l ♦ i
■ t t * » i 1 i > t
- t f * i t 4 I r
mmJk
****** W MW M Mr
i:.;,,:?.././^.^i7..n.^«.^>««^M*<*«iMy-'
if*
cV
Now your COCO can talk to your MIDI music synthesizer.
Whether you have a Korg, Roland, Casio, Yamaha, or Moog, it
doesn't matter as long as it's MIDI equipped. Choose from our
entry level MUSICA MIDI system that pla^ys MUSICA files or our
Professional COCO MIDI 2 system.
Supports 16 Track recording and playback,
✓ Adjustable tempo.
Over 45 Kbytes available
(Over 15,500 MIDI events possible).
v 0 Record to any track.
*^ Low Level track editing.
LYRA editing, (one voice per track).
Playback from any number of tracks.
V Quantizing to Vie, '4ei Vw intervals.
Dynamic memory allocation.
V Filter out MIDI data:
Key pressure
Program change
Pitch wheel
Control Change
Channel Pressure
System Message
\* Graphic Piano Keyboard Display in both
record and playback mode.
v«* Adjustable Key (Transposition) for each
track.
Save recording to disk for later playback or
editing.
^ Syncs to drum machine as MASTER or
SLAVE.
* PUNCH IN and PUNCH OUT editing.
Sequencer features.
100% machine code.
\* "Musician Friendly" Menu Driven.
\* Metronome
Many songs included.
Includes MIDI hardware interface, 2 MIDI ca-
bles, detailed manual, and software. Requires
64K CoCo, Y-Cable or Multi-Pak.
COCO MIDI 2 (disk;only) #CM147 , $149.95
DOUBLE Y-CABLE #DY181 . .^i $28.95
TRIPLE Y-CABLE #TY173 $34.95
W LIBRARIAN
TM
Save and load voice parameters for the Yamaha DX series of syn-
thesizers (DX-7, DX-100, DX-21 etc.). Save sounds individually
or as a group letting you load the entire synthesizer in seconds.
Comes with professionally developed voices for the DX-7 worth
10 times the price. Requires COCO MIDI hardware interface.
DX LIBRARIAN (Disk only) #DX143 $39.95
CASIO LIBRARIAN
Save and load voice parameters for any Casio synthesizer (CZ-101,
CZ-1000, CZ-5000 etc.) You can save from the: presets, cartridge,
memory or buffer. Requires COCO MIDI hardware interface.
CASIO LIBRARIAN (Disk only) #CL169 ^X* . , . ,-r -K T $39*95
MUSICA MIDI
TM
MUSICA MIDI takes any MUSICA 2 music file and plays it through
your MIDI synthesizer. We offer you over 800 tunes from our
MUSIC LIBRARY series (sold separately) or create your own music
using MUSICA 2. Inlcudes: documentation, plenty of music, and
the cable to connect between the COCO and your synthesizer.
MUSICA MIDI Complete (Disk Only) #CM126 $39.95
MIDI KEYBOARD
If you own the Casio CZ-101 or similar MIDI synth, you know
that the mini keys and the short 3 or 4 octave keyboard is limiting.
MIDI KEYBOARD when used with our full size 5 octave keyboard
gives you the flexibility you need. Comes with cable to connect
the COCO to your MIDI syiath;
MIDI KEYBOARD (Disk on1y).#MKT67 ^7777 $29.95
FILE EDIT HID I UlSC
All Voices
Tine Signamr
Key Signature
Tenpo
Reset block
LEGE
FILE EDIT MIDI MISC
TM ^ U
doco ^
Block delete
s
gzzzj Block copy
r 1 i ■ i
LEGEND
LYRA is the most powerful music composition program we have seen on
any computer. We don't mean just the COCO, we really mean any com-
puter. Whether you are a novice trying to learn music or a professional
musician with MIDI equipment you will find LYRA a powerful tool. You
see, we wrote LYRA for musicians that hate computers. If you want proof,
purchase a LYRA demo for $7.95. We will apply the demo price to your
purchase. MID! output requires the LYRA MIDI cable (#MC158) or COCO
MIDI Seq/Editor (#CM147).
Ultra Easy to use, just point with joystick or
mouse and click.
Compose with up to 8 completely
independent voices.
Room for over 18,000 notes. (This is not a
misprint!)
Super Simple Editing Supports:
Note insert
Note delete
Note change
Output music to:
TV Speaker
STEREO PAK
SYMPHONY 12
MIDI Synth
Block insert
Block delete
Block copy
Monitor Speaker
ORCHESTRA 90
COCO MIDI S/E
MIDI Drum Machine
Output up to 4 voices without additional
hardware.
Output all 8 voices using either SYMPHONY
12 or one or more MIDI synthesizers and
drum machines.
Output any voice on any of the 8 MIDI
channels.
Transpose music to any key.
Modify music to any tempo.
i> Automatically inserts bar for each measure
as you compose.
\* Key signature lets you specify sharps and
flats only once, LYRA will do the rest.
* Plays MUSICA 2 files using LYRA CONVERT
(#LC164).
Each voice may be visually highlighted or
erased. '
v Each measure is numbered for easy
reading.
LYRA OPTIONS -
i> Solo capability
j> Block edits are highlighted.
\* Tie notes together for musical continuity.
j> Name of note pointed to is constantly
displayed.
j> Jump to any point in the score
instantaneously.
v 0 Memory remaining clearly displayed,
however you will have plenty of memory
even for the most demanding piece.
\* Help menu makes manual virtually
unnecessary.
v 07 LYRA is 100% software, no need for extra
hardware unless you want more power.
v 0 Music easily saved to tape or disk.
i> Requires 64K and mouse or joystick.
LYRA (Disk only) #LY122 $54.95
These LYRA options are not required. They are provided for those wishing additional flexibility.
LYRA CONVERT
A program to convert MUSICA 2 files to LYRA
files.
(Disk) #LC164 $14.95
VERSION UPDATE
To receive the latest version of LYRA return your
original disk. #UP162 $10.00
LYRA MIDI CABLE
A cable to connect your computer to your MIDI
synthesizer.
#MC158 $19.95
We accept CASH, CHECK, COD, VISA and MASTER CARD orders.
Shipping and handling US and Canada , , ..... . . $3.00
Shipping and handling outside the US and Canada $5.00
COD Charge , . . . , . ? •. . $2.00
Illinois residents add 6'/»% sales tax.
LYRA SYMPHONY 12 ENHANCER
Lets LYRA play all 8 voices through SYMPHONY
12.
(Disk) #LS1 77 $19.95
LYRA LIBRARY
A collection of 50 songs ready to play for hours.
Most have 7 and 8 voices. #LL137 . $39.95
SYMPHONY 12
A real hardware music synthesizer, lets LYRA
play all 8 voices in stereo.
(T or D) #SY149 $69.95
COCO MID Seq/Editor
A professional quality MIDI interface for MIDI
synthesizers.
(Disk only) #CM147 $149.95
MUSIC LIBRARY
A collection of over 900 songs. When used with
CONVERT, it gives an incredible LYRA library.
Each volume 100 songs.
(T or D) #MLXXX $29.95
COCO MAX is a trademark of Colorware.
ORCHESTRA 90 is a trademark of Radio Shack.
38W255 DEERPATH ROAD
P C* 7 BATAVIA, ILLINOIS 60510
/2 <—>U5,L£lTL5, (312) 879-6880
Education Not e ;
16K ECB
the
-2
1
The first of a two-part series on
estimating expenses
Can You Afford a Burger
Attack?
By Steve Blyn
Rainbow Contributing Editor
This month's program is for kids
who like to go shopping. And
what kid doesn't? We will be
concerned with the aspect of estimating
expenses at a fast food restaurant. This
program is the first of a two-part series,
but each program can stand alone.
The art of estimating expenses is too
often overlooked in classrooms. It is
truly important to know how to com-
pute them; it is also important to be able
to compute purchases. Methodology
and computation, however, are often
taught to the exclusion of estimation.
The truth of the matter is that when we
go shopping, the skill of estimating
expenses is the most crucial of the three.
An increasing number of people carry
calculators with them at all times. I am
one of those who wears a calculator on
the wrist. (Of course, one has to have
Smurf-size fingers to operate it.) But
most people do not feel comfortable
pulling out their calculators in stores
such as Burger King — people will
stare! Thus, even armed with a calcula-
tor, one still should be familiar with
estimating expenses.
Fastfood presents a list of four fast
food items. Of course, there are many
more items on the menu, but we have
pared the list to four so that the items
are easy to locate. The prices for each
item vary from round to round. Each
example chooses a random quantity of
an item and a random amount of money
for the student to spend.
Steve Blyn teaches both exceptional
and gifted children, holds two master's
degrees and has won awards for the
design of programs to aid the handi-
capped. He owns Computer Island and
lives in Staten Island, New York.
The student is asked whether or not
he has enough money for the purchase.
For example, if chicken sandwiches cost
$1.25 and the amount we have is $5.20,
can we buy four of them? We hope the
students find ways or are taught ways
to estimate that they indeed would have
enough money for this purchase.
There are certainly many ways to
perform the estimation. We hope you
help your children learn one method
that works for them. It helps to verbal-
ize the methods. Being able to vocalize
thoughts generally helps to clarify them.
But no matter which method is used,
encourage the students not to use pencil
and paper.
Program lines 50 through 1 10 set up
the screen and present the four food
items and their prices for each example.
The prices are chosen randomly within
the limits set by these lines. Line 140
prints the variable
fore J times FIR. The total amount of
money we have at any given time is M
times lOO(cents). Lines 220 through 240
compare these two values to determine
whether or not we have enough money
for the total purchase. The result is then
compared to the student's response.
After 10 examples, the program
jumps to a report card. A scoreboard is
presented on lines 370 through 430. The
student may either end the program or
go on to a new round of examples.
We hope your children/ students are
able to make good use of this program.
We feel that the skill of estimating is an
often overlooked, but essential, skill of
daily adult living. Next month we will
present Part 2, a similar program that
actually tests the students in computing
their fast food expenses. □
M, which is the ran-
domly selected
amount of money
that we have for
each example.
Line 150 contains
the variable J,
which is the amount
of the particular
food item we want
to purchase. J is al-
ways a random
number chosen be-
tween 3 and 6. N$
represents the name
of the particular
food item selected.
The variable Afi re-
presents the cost of
one of this item.
The total cost of
the items is there-
The listing: FRSTFOOD
1J3 REM" ESTIMATING EXPENSES"
2)3 REM" STEVE BLYN , COMPUTER ISLAN
D, STATEN ISLAND, NY, 1988"
3j3 CLS5 : IF CT=1J3 THEN 37J3
4J3 J=RND(4)+2:D=RND(-TIMER)
5j3 PRINT@3,"YOUR MENU" ;: IF CT=9
THEN PRINT@28,CT+1; ELSE PRINT@2
5 ii ^ ii • CT+1 ;
6j3 LA=j3 : ZA=j3 : F=j3 : YE=1 : AA=j3 : BB=j3
7j3 FOR T=lj356T01j387:POKET,243:NE
XT:SOUNDlj3j3,3
8 p CH=12 J3+RND ( 4 fS ) : PRINT© 9 8 , " CHIC
KEN- $ " ; : PRINTUS ING »#.##"; CH/ 1 J3 j3 ;
9f& SA=7j3+RND(2j3) :PRINT@162, "SALA
D - $ " ; : PRINTUS ING »#.##"; S A/ 10 J3 ;
Ij3j3 SD~32+RND(2J3) : PRINT@114 , "SOD
A -$" ; :PRINTUSING"# . ##" ;SD/100;
54 THE RAINBOW January 1988
110 CO=4j3+RND(2j3) :PRINT@178, "COF
FEE-$" ; : PRINTUSING"# . ##" ; CO/100 ;
120 FOR T=12 48 TO 1279
130 POKET,252:NEXTT:SOUND200,2
14)3 M=70+RND(30) *10:M=M/100
150 GOSUB 310:PRINT@288,"YOU WAN
T TO BUY" ;J;N$;"S. "
16j3 PRINT© 3 52 , "IS $" ;
170 PRINTUSING"#.##";M;
18) 3 PRINT" ENOUGH FOR THIS ? ";
19) 3 Z$=INKEY$
2)3)3 IF Z$="Y" OR Z$="N" THEN 210
ELSE 19)3
21) 3 PRINTZ$:CT=CT+1
22) 3 IF Z$="Y"AND M*lj3)3>J*AA THEN
26)3
23) 3 IF Z$=»Y" AND M*100=J*AA THE
N 26)3
240 IF Z$="N" AND M*100<J*AA THE
N 26)3
250 GOTO 280
26) 3 RI=RI+1:PRINT@428, "CORRECT" ;
27) 3 FOR T=200TO255STEP11:SOUNDT,
l:NEXTT:GOTO 2 90
280 PRINT@428, "SORRY" ; : SOUND 10,
3
290 PRINT@484,"PRESS <ENTER> TO
ii •
IF RN=3 THEN N$="SODA" : AA=SD
IF RN=4 THEN N$=" COFFEE" :AA=
GO ON
300 EN$=INKEY$ : IF EN$=CHR$(13) T
HEN 30 ELSE 300
310 RN=RND ( 4 )
320 IF RN=1THEN N$=" CHICKEN" : AA=
CH .
330 IF RN=2 THEN N$= "SALAD" : AA=S
A
340
350
CO
360 RETURN
370 CLS8:FOR T=1024TO1055 : POKET,
214: PLAY " L10 0 ; G " : NEXT : PRINT© 37,"
HERE IS YOUR S CORE CARD " ;
380 FOR T=1119TO1088STEP-1:POKET
,214 :PLAY"L100;A" :NEXTT
3 90 PRINT § 20 2 , " S CORE = " ; 10 *RI ; »
%";
400 FOR T=1344T01375:POKET,214:P
LAY"L100;A":NEXT T
410 PRINT@416," ":PRINT@448, " ":
PRINT@418, "DO YOU WANT TO PLAY A
GAIN? ";
420 EN$=INKEY$
430 IF EN$="Y" THEN RUN ELSE IF
EN$="N" THEN END ELSE 420 /Rs
PROGRAMS • PERIPHERALS • SUPPLIES • SERVICE
Fast Delivery-
Friendly Service
Now in our 5th year!
SUPER VALUE! SUPER SPEED!
Avatex 2400 $229
with Coco Cable 239
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Avatex 1200 $89
with Coco Cable 99
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Avatex 2400, Cable
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• Call*
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SHIPPING will be Charged al our ACTUAL COST
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RAINBOW
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Hor i zont a 1 — X— fix is?
Time,
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an
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AUTOMATICALLY LOADS DATA FROM MOST POPULAR SPREADSHEETS.
2<?1 GRAPHING SYMBOLS AND UNLIMITED OVERLAY OF DATA.
AUTOMATICALLY SCALES AND LABELS ALL THREE OF THE AXES.
CALCULATES MATH FUNCTIONS, INTEGRAL8 AND MOVING AVERAGES.
FULLY AUTOMATIC, MENU DRIVEN l*Y COMPLETE ERROR TRAPPING.
FULL-PAGE SCREENFRINTS ON ANY PRINTER! SPECIFY WITH ORDER
REQUIRES 32K EXT. BASIC 1
$25.00
TAPE - »4 0iOO
DISK
NEW
I NT
N I V
Picture ^Perfect
REENPR I NT
NEW ■ !
LJT ILI TV
PROGRAM
*
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CO MR AT I BLE WITH COCO) III! !
"PERFECTLY SIMPLE" TO OPERATE - "SIMPLY PERFECT" RESULTS'
"PERFECTLY COMPATIBLE" WITH ALL DOT MATRIX PRINTERS!
GET "PERFECT CONTROL" OFl HEIGHT, WIDTH, POSITION,
BAUD RATE, DOT DENSITY, NEGATIVE IMAGES, ETC.
THE "PERFECT SOLUTION" TO YOUR GRAPHICS PRINTING NEED8 !
COMPATIBLE WITH GRAPH I COM AND COCO MAX PICTURES!
115.00
ONLY T» . I.M.I' ON DISK OF* TAPE +
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER
HAWKES RESEARCH 8ERVICES1 S3? STANFORD AVE, OAKLAND, CA 94608
t*« FOR FREE INFORMATION IN THE MAIL, CALLi (41S> 347-7357 t*>
YOUR PERSONAL CHECK IS WELCOME! SHIPMENT WITHIN 49 HOURS !
ADD «3.00 SHIPPING ON ALL ORDERS. CA. RESIDENTS ADD SALES TAX
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 55
f 1 - ■ &i v.-*. : .y*/«>//<e^;
:
.v:. ...... :*y,S ; '( ^
COLOR MAX 3©
■A!'"..'.'~^-'i?>':-.i>i-'
:sm:
Unleash the power of your CoCo 3 with 320 x 200 screen resolution, and
the choice of any 16 colors from the CoCo 3's 64 color palette, and your
graphic; creations almost can't help but come alive with color and detail
Icons, pull down menus,
to use. 11 fonts are supplied,
ble. Text can use any combinations of color, shadow, outline, bold, and
italics. Painting is a snap with 16 coiors and 32 editable patterns. COLOR
MAX 3 requires a 128K GoCo 3 with disk drive, High-Resolution Joystick
interface, and a joystick device (mouse, touch pad, or joystick). Print
drivers supplied for most popular printers. CGP 220 driver provides
beautiful 16 color print-outs.
0/87) on page 129
Standard Hi-Res Joystick Interface
(Radio Shack # 26-5028)
Cut* ft 2210H ...» > * * . ...... $12o$0
' c-":.'y.-':V.-". ■>■.*.:■
Golor Max 3 Font Editor©
Create/ Modify fonts for use with Color
Max 3. Create Keyboard driven Icons*
Customize existing fonts. Works in a
"Fat Bits" type mode. Variable Height
»
& Width, Let your imagination "go to Cat 1 2 20MD
"•♦'1 :•• ' ■■.■> < •;••<.' J „ .€'?>*?ti-i- •„'• -' »vf a**.
Picture Converter 1 ©
6 Picture Format Converters:
• CoCo Max B&W to "MGE"
• CoCo Max artifact to "MGE"
• 6K B&W binary file to "
• 6K artifact binary to "
• Graphicom B&W to "
• Graphicom artifact to *
(MGE is Color Max 3 Pix format)
■ ■. 0 *• ' ■■ * .1ft • ¥■} 3>„r
rsr
»*
Cat
''••"'jt'T"'- '3
3- K *
............ •,>.=* Picture Converter 2®
Converts ATARITM Low Res 320x200
CMS Basic Tool & Gallery®
Load & Save "MGE" pictures for
eilsplay outside of Color Max 3, Incor-
porate into basic programs. Gallery
lists all MGE files-just Point & Display!
Cat # 225M0 . $1§.9S
Color Max 3 FONTS®
36 Fonts in two slziife
72 fontsWr|aiU
Cat # 223CD
picture files to f, MGE" format used by
Color Max 3. Works with ATARI pic-
tures with file extensions .ST, ,NEO }
and TNY. . f^MM
NOTE: This utility is designed to allow the
user to retrieve picture flies from Bulletin
Boards and information Services. Fjjisjmust
be M Un«Arced'\ iliBlfife
« « . . . . . > «■ ♦':»
Most databases have U UN-ARC" utilities
available.
Cat, # 222MD
....... . . . .... $29.95
- ^ , / J* 14 * r": - »r
»■ * ' '
've been waiting for!
Ideal for accessing Compuserve, Delphi and other Information Services.
Send your Color Max 3 "MGE" pictures to friends and fellow COCO
users THIS IS THE ONLY COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM AVAILABLE
fi. : ;.<y- ji,v..
with programs for the "PC" market costing 4 to 5 times as much. I'm sure
you'll agree that COLOR TALK 3 represents real value for your COCO
Dollars!
"Jim:
Just look at ,
•Supports COCO 3 as well as COCO 1 & 2. •Screen Display options:
COCO 3: 80x24, 40x24, 32x16 . . . Standard COCO: 32x60, 32x24, 51x24,
64x24, 85x24. * Supports PBJ Wordpack & Double 80 + . •XMODEM &
YMODEM. •Upload & Download. *Save to buffer or direct to disk, •Full
ASCII XON/XOFF support, •ASCII filtering, •ASCII buffering.
Ilfustomizer-set and store frequently used options/ parameters. •10-64
character user programmable macros. •Conference/Chat mode.
•Selectable Baud rates of 110, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (Radio
Shack RS232 Ram required for baud rates above 2400). •Parity; Odd,
Even, Mark, Space, None, •VT-52 Terminal Emulation. •Duplex: Half, Full,
Echo. •Set Begin Block/End Block for selected save and print functions
•Browse/View through buffer. *Define margins, word-wrap, and justifica-
tion for prlnt-outs. •Complete support of the COCO'S serial port and the
RS232 Pack. •Optional prompted ASCII upload •Customize Coiors to suit
your display. Much, Much More!
Cat. # 255MD Disk only , . , , introductory price . . . Just $49.95
announcing . , . COLOR MAX DELUXE©
In addition to the features and quality incorporated in the original Color
Max 3, take a look at this partial list of Impressive enhancements includ-
ed In the new COLOR MAX DELUXE: :
EDIT MULTIPLE SCREENS SIMUTANEOUSLY!
STRETCH & SHRINK - ANY PROPORTION!
ANIMATION - VARIABLE SPEED!
ROTATE - ANY DEGREE!
TILT!
SHADOW!
STAMP!
RAYS & ARCS!
MORE FONTS!
MORE STYLES!
MORE SPEED!
MORE POWER!
ALL PRINT DRIVERS INCLUDED!
COLOR CYCLING - UP TO 16 COLORS!
COLOR MAX 3 AND DELUXE utilize the STANOARD "MGE" format for
picture exchange. In addition, COLOR MAX uses the STANDARD RADIO
SHACK Hi-Res Interface - BEWARE OF LESSER QUALITY PROGRAMS
EMPLOYING NON-STANDARD INTERFACES AS A FORM OF HARD-
WARE PROTECTION.
COLOR MAX DELUXE REQUIRES 512K RAM which provides for
SUPERIOR SPEED & POWER!
Available for shipment AFTER October 1, 1987
Cat. #260MD ... ........... Introductory Price ... $69'< : .
SS5*
Upgrade for Registered Owners Only
Cat#261CC
♦ »♦ ♦ ■ P ■ »*•»♦ ♦.•*;#.«.. **•».► *
(Send Original Disk) $15.00
MOUSE PADS ...... . . . . . $10.90 EA
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10 3 /* x 8Va" Specify Color
Cat # 210CH Red
Cat. #211 CH Blue
Cat. # 212CH Silver
BLIP ART© BORDER PICTURE DISKS
Three disk set containing 20 border
picture files for use with Color Max 3,
Color Max 3 Deluxe, Graphlcom II,
CoCo Max, Hardcopy, Colorscan, or
any program that can load standard
6K binary files, Helps create decora-
tive signs, post cards, sale posters,
etc.
Cat # 227WD .... > , . . . . $19.95
Print in Color! With COLORSCAN, easy to use softyvare for the CQP-220 and
your 64K CoCo (I, il, IH), This program is a must for anyone who owns a Radio
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COLORSCAN will print program listings In blazing color, Help create colorful
banners over four feet in length, produce 1x1/2x2 or poster printout of your
favorite 6K graphic disk files.
Order Catalog* 184WD, See RAINBOW REVIEW (1/87 page 136) . . . . . . . $29.95
HARDCOPY is more that just a screen print utility, compare these features with
any other graphic dump program on the market; Gray Scale or B&W printouts,
1x1, 2x2, 3x3, Labfes, posters, and greeting cards with your graphics and much*
much morel HARDCOPY requires a 64K CoCo (l,ll, or III) and disk drive. Please
specify printer and catalog #■ when ordering.
IDS 480/560-0, CH 170WO • OKI 82A (Oklgraph), C# 179W0 • OKI DATA 92, C# 171 WO •
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HARDCOPY DISK See RAINBOW REVIEW (10/85) on page 218) , ^ . - ♦ . $29.95
i
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I
]
VI:
(215) 946-7260 P.O. BOX 207 • LANGHORNE, PA 19047
Check or M.O. • Add $3.00 shipping • PA residents add 6% sales tax
mm Edit HocUfy Oootses special Font style
color Man eeiuHe
rag Edit ModKg Goodies Special Font ttyn
mwrt
Fill
mams
Shadow
Flip Horizontal
Flip vertical
Remap
Tilt Horizontal
Till Vertical
Strelcti
Rotate
©end Horizontal
^Bend uertkal
BB5535
!■ I.IRKfefcfiil
firi niikiir f
THE ULTIMATE PRINTER UTILITY
©1384 WHITE S ITI I T M U'.l.O
ALL RIGHTS RGSCRUCO
*u«s I: nsr
COLORSCAN HI -RES PRINT UTILITY
-
mm | d-mm IGE3
BHKW mm V mmwm} H ^^^^^^^^^
©1986 WHlTESmiTH U I.B
ALL. RIGHTS RESLRVCD
THE UlTIKftTE GRAPHICS MP CHINE
I Si m ul at i on Gam e
*
.1
1 V
irn>-
Build a city from the
ground up
CoCo transforms you into a big-
time developer with Usetown
Annex, a Simulation that casts
you as a city planner who must build a
town from scratch — without over-
shooting a budget of $14 million.
The goal is to develop some recently
annexed land into a housing project,
shopping center, a waste disposal facil-
ity and a park. Your budget is limited,
and your job performance will be eval-
uated at the end of the game based on
the quality of your decisions. If the boss
doesn't like what you've done — you're
fired !
In the game, as in life, it is possible
(though not probable) that you could
make all the right decisions and still not
be successful.
The decisions are difficult, often
Paul French is a Co Co programmer and
second grade teacher who lives in Bur-
lington, Iowa. He is interested in corre-
sponding with other educators who use
Color Computers.
r
l »« ■ - ■
By Paul French
forcing you to choose between cost-
effectiveness and environmental protec-
tion: Will you employ expensive soil
conservation techniques or cut costs?
Will you spend tens of thousands of
dollars to preserve trees and endangered
species? Will you pay almost $100,000
for a device to control emissions from
a waste facility's incinerator? Will you
provide facilities for the handicapped?
You must use responsibility in answer-
ing these questions while always keep-
ing in mind that your job is on the line.
Usetown Annex employs graphics,
memos and news flashes to increase its
realism. It was inspired by the Iowa 4H
program, Useburg Annex, which was
developed for Apple computers. Use-
town runs on a 32K Color Computer
with Extended Color BASIC, and shares
absolutely no coding with the Apple
program that inspired it.
Since I intended to use the game with
children in classrooms, I included the
following features:
• Easy-to-read screens.
• Disabled BREAK and CLEAR keys to
prevent disruption of the game.
• Consistent keyboard response. The
game always responds to one key-
stroke with no requirement to press
ENTER. Only appropriate keys will
respond, and the program is pro-
tected from someone changing the
CoCo to lowercase (by pressing
SHIFT-0), which could interfere with
recognition of a pressed key.
• Directions are presented at the bot-
tom of the screen. Unless your CoCo
has true lowercase instead of green
on black lowercase characters, the
directions will be in inverse video.
• User-controlled program pace. De-
lays caused by the program were held
to a minimum.
• A way to restart the game without
playing it to its conclusion. Press
shifted up arrow when the program
prompts for Y (Yes) or N (No) to
restart the game. (I added this fea-
ture when I found that students were
having to leave the game unfinished
at the end of a class period and the
new students coming in wanted to
start their own games.)
The graphics were added after the
text portion of the game was completed.
They were kept relatively simple to
minimize delays and to keep the pro-
gram within memory limitations.
Programming style suffered a bit
because I used multi-statement lines to
conserve memory where I could. Vari-
able names were reused to minimize the
memory devoted to variable storage.
Most of the options selected during
development are recorded in the vari-
able OT as individual bits. Despite its
looks, there is structure to the program.
In order to present the directions at
the bottom of the screen in inverse
video, I wrote RVSLINE, the short basic
program shown in Listing 1. I am not
an assembly language programmer, but
the inverse video is achieved by replac-
ing RVSLINE's last line with the machine
language program when it is run, and
then attaching the machine language
program to the end of USETOWN. Com-
plete instructions regarding how to do
this are as follows:
1) Type in RVSLINE exactly as it
appears and save a copy before
you run it.
2) Run the program. (If you list the
program after running it, all that
should show up is Line 70. Line 80
was replaced by the machine lan-
guage program, which you can't
see, and the other lines were de-
leted.)
3) Do not type NEW and do not delete
Line 70 yet. If you do, you will lose
the machine language program
that is attached to the end of the
BASIC program. Instead, start typ-
ing in Listing 2, USETOWN. After
you have typed in at least one line
of USETOWN, you may delete Line
70 (type DEL70). The machine
♦
language program will stay at-
tached to the end of USETOWN when
you save or load it and as you
finish typing it in. Do not save the
program in ASCII format or the
machine language portion will be
lost.
You can also use RVSLINE with other
programs. Follow the same steps, ex-
cept type in the program you want to
achieve inverse video on after running
RVSLINE. And near the beginning of
your program, insert the following line
from Line 200 of USETOWN:
DEFUSR9 = PEEK (27) * 256 +
PEEK (2B) - 26
When you want to reverse a line on the
screen, PRINT the line, then place D =
\SSR3[xxxx) in your program. The
xxxx should be replaced with the mem-
ory address of the first character of the
line you want to reverse — 1024 for the
first line, 1056 for the second line, etc.
(An example is shown in Line 308 of
USETOWN.)
Listing 1: RVSLINE
10 00 f 00 f 00,BD,B3,ED l lF f 0 <
1,03,00,20,00,00^6,84,80,40^7,
80,9C,00,26,F6,39
20 AD=PEEK(27) *256+PEEK(28)
30 FOR N=AD-28 TO AD-4
40 READ ML$
50 POKE N / VAL("&H"+ML$)
60 NEXT
65 DEL 10-65
70 'ML PROGRAM ATTACHED TO
END OF BASIC
80 REMABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
I hope you enjoy Usetown Annex,
learn something about the responsibil-
ity and strategy of decision-making, and
keep your job as city planner.
(Questions or comments regarding
this program may be directed to the
author at 310 N. Gertrude, Burlington,
I A 52601. Please enclose an S AS E when
writing for a response.) □
Editor's Note: RVSLINE, the machine language
program will already be embedded into the USE-
TOWN program on this month's rainbow on tape
and rain bo w on disk.
r
340
235
1864 . .
...58
1032
1102
146
192
2010 . .
. . .122
3020 . .
6
1192
121
3045 , .
. . . .64
1352
201
3226
236
1357
59
3555 . .
100
1424 , ,
212
END ,
251
1709 ,
137
Listing 2: USETOWN
0 GOT063999
1 GOTO 3
2 PCLEAR4 : GOTOl
3 POKE248,50:POKE249,98:POKE250,
28 : POKE251 , 175 : POKE252 , 126 : POKE 2
53 , 173 : POKE254 , 165 : POKE410 , 12 6 : P
OKE411 , 0 : POKE 4 12 , 248 : POKE113 , 87 :
POKE114 , 2 : POKE115 ,93
2 0 0 DEFUSR9 =PEEK ( 2 7 ) * 2 5 6+PEEK ( 2 8
)-26
202 CLEAR450:DIMA(3) , C(3) ,A$(3) ,
U$(3) ,D$(3) ,P$(3) ,C$(3) ,FP$(5,1)
,FP(5) ,SP$(3,1) ,SP(3)
204 CR$=CHR$(13) : S$="V15T4505B" :
FM$="$$######,###"
206 A$(0)=" FOREST" : A$ (1) ="FARMLA
ND" : A$ (2 ) =" WETLAND" : A$ (3 ) = "AN UR
BAN AREA"
208 C$(0)="$150,000":C$(1)="$200
,000":C$(2)="$60,000":C$(3)="$30
0,000" :C(0) =150000:C(1) =200000 :C
(2) =60000 :C (3) =300000
210 U$(0)="GRAZING OR PARK AREA.
":U$(1)="GRAZING OR GROWING CROP
S.":U$ (2)=" FARMING OR A NATURAL
AREA PARK. " :U$ (3 ) ="FACTORI
ES AND STORES."
212 P$(0)="HOUSING DEVELOPMENT":
P$ ( 1 ) = " SHOPPING CENTER" : P$ ( 2 ) =" P
ARK" :P$ (3)=" WASTE FACILITY"
220 D=RND (-TIMER)
298 GOTO1000
300 D$=INKEY$:PRINT@482, "PRESS A
NY KEY TO CONTINUE ...";: D=USR9 (1
504)
304 IF INKEY$=" "THEN304ELSEPLAYS
$ : CLS : RETURN
308 D$=INKEY$ :PRINT@481, "PRESS
Y FOR YES, N FOR NO";:D=USR9(
1504)
310 POKE2 8 2, 2 55 :D$=INKEY$:IFD$=C
HR$(95) THENCLS : RUNELSEIFD$<>"Y"A
NDD $ <> " N " THEN 3 1 0 ELS EPLA YS $ : RETUR
N
314 D$=INKEY$ : PRINT@480 , "PRESS T
HE NUMBER OF YOUR CHOICE" ;: D=USR
9(1504)
316 D$=INKEY$:IFD$=CHR$(95)THENC
LS : RUNE LS E I F D $ = " " THEN 3 1 6
318 D=VAL(D$) :IFD<10RD>MX THEN31
6ELSEPLAYS $ : RETURN
320 FORD=1TO600: NEXT: RETURN
340 FORD=lTOLEN(D$) :PRINTMID$(D$
,D,1) ;:IFMID$(D$,D,1)>" "THENPLA
Y lf V15T25502D"
60
THE RAINBOW January 1988
342 F0RDE=1T03 : NEXTDE , D : RETURN
1000 CLS:PRINTSTRING$ (32,42) ; :PR
INT @ 72 , "WELCOME TO THE" : PRINT© 13
' 7 , "USETOWN ANNEX" : PRINT@204 , "PRO
JECT" : PRINT@256 , STRING $ (32 , 42) ; :
PRINT@268,"V. 2.01"; : PRINT@289 , "
COPR. (C) 1985 BY PAUL FRENCH":
GOSUB3000
1002 PRINT© 3 8 7, "WOULD YOU LIKE D
IRECTIONS? " : GOSUB308 : IFD$=" Y"GOS
UB4000
1005 SCREEN1,0:GOSUB304
1006 PC=0:FF=0:MX==0:FORD=0TO3:D$
(D) = "" : NEXTD: FORD=0TO3 : IFA$ (D) >"
"THEND$ (MX) =A$ (D) :MX=MX+1
1008 NEXTD
1010 CLS:PRINT@35, "WHICH AREA WO
ULD YOU LIKE TO DEVELOP?": PR
INT : FORD=lTOMX : PRINTTAB ( 6 ) ; STR$ (
D) ;") ";D$(D-1) : NEXTD
1012 GOSUB3 14 : FORDE=0TO3 : IFA$ (DE
) =D$ ( D-l ) THENA=DE : NEXT : ELSENEXT
1016 D$=" TO: CITY PLANNER" +CR$
+" FROM: CITY ASSESSOR"+CR$+" S
UBJECT: COST OF LAND"+CR$+CR$+"
THE COST OF THE " : IFA<3THEND$
=D$+A$ (A) ELSED$=D$+RIGHT$ (A$ (A) ,
10)
1018 GOSUB2030: PRINT :D$=" IS "+C
$ (A) +" . " : GOSUB3 4 0 : GOSUB3 00
1019 PC=PC+C(A)
1020 CLS: PRINT: PRINT" YOU SHOU
LD LOOK AT THE ZONING COD
E (WHICH TELLS HOW THE LAND M
AY BE USED) BEFORE DECIDING H
OW TO DEVELOP " ; : IFA<3THENPRINT"
THE "ELSEPRINT" "
1022 PRINT" ,I A$(A)".":GOSUB300
1)323 CLS: PRINT" ********* ZONING
CODE **********": PRINT" IN USE
TOWN, 11 ;A$(A) : PRINT" MAY BE USED
EXCLUSIVELY FOR": PRINT" "U$ (A)
lj324 PRINT: PRINT" ALL OTHER US
ES ARE STRICTLY
AGAINST THE LA
VARIANCE (PERM
THE LAND FOR O
MUST BE .OBTAIN
LAND FOR ANY P
W. A ZONING
ISSION TO USE
THER PURPOSES)
ED TO USE THE
URPOSE BESIDES"
1)325 PRINT" "U$(A) :GOSUB300
1026 MX=0 : FORD=0TO3 : D$ (D) =" " : NEX
TD:FORD=0TO3 : IFP$ (D) >" "THEND$ (MX
)=P$(D) :MX=MX+1
1028 NEXTD
1030 CLS : PRINT @ 3 4 , " WHAT ARE YOU
GOING TO DEVELOP IN THE » ; : IFA=
3 THENPRINTRI GHT $ (A$ (A) , 10) ; : ELSE
PRINTA$ (A) ;
103 2 PRINT"?" : PRINT :FORD=lTOMX:P
RINTTAB (6) ;STR$ (D) ;") ";D$(D-1) :
NEXTD
Coco Graphics Designer
Only $29.95
The Coco Graphics Designer pro-
duces beautiful Greeting Cards,
Banners, and Signs for holidays,
birthdays and other occasions.
The program features picture,
border, and character font editors,
so that you can modify or expand
the already built in libraries. Plus
a special "grabber" utility is in-
cluded to capture areas of high
resolution screens for your picture
library.
Requirements: a Coco I, II or III
with at least 32K, one disk drive,
BASIC 1.0/1.1, ADOS 1.0/1.1 or
JDOS. Printers supported in-
clude: Epson RX/FX, Gemini 10X,
SG10, NX10, C-ltoh 8510, DMP
100/105/110/130/430 CGP220,
many Okidata (check with Ze-
bra), Seikosha GP1 00/250, Goril-
la Banana, Legend 808.
#C323 Coco Graphics Designer
Picture Disk #1
This supplementary picture li-
brary diskette contains over one
hundred additional pictures.
#C333 Picture Disk #1 $14.95
Colored Paper Packs
150 sheets (50 each red, yellow,
blue) with 60 matching enve-
lopes. Perfect for making your
productions outstanding.
#C274 Paper Pack $19.95
It's fun making your own Greeting Cards, Signs, and Banners with Ze-
bra's Coco Graphics Designer.
WICO
TRACKBALL
Only $29.95
Order Cat#TBRS01
(Originally $89.95)
WICO designed these trackballs
specifically for the Radio Shack
Color Computer joystick port.
WICO is the largest designer
and manufacturer of control de-
vices for commercial arcade vid-
eo games. If you've ever played
an arcade video game, chances
are youVe used a WICO joystick
or trackball and experienced its
superior control, pinpoint firing
accuracy, and exceptional dura-
bility.
Includes one-year limited
warranty. Phoenolic ball offers
360-degree movement. Two opti-
cal encoders provide split-second
response. Quick-action fire but-
ton for smooth, two handed ar-
cade response and feel. Long 5"
computer connection. Heavy duty
plastic case for long hard use.
Compatible with all color comput-
er models.
We also have trackballs for
Atari, Atari ST, Commodore 64,
Amiga, Macintosh, Apple ll/IIC,
and TI99/4A computers.
Ordering Instructions: All or-
ders add $3.00 Shipping & Han-
dling. UPS COD add $3.00. VI-
SA/MC Accepted. NY residents
add sales tax.
Zebra Systems, Inc.
78-06 Jamaica Avenue
Woodhaven, NY 11421
(718) 296-2385
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 61
1034 GOSUB314:FORDE=0TO3:IFP$(DE
)=D$ (D-l) THENP=DE : NEXT : ELSENEXT
1038 IFA=2ANDP=2GOSUB2010
1050 IFA=2ANDP=2ANDO1=2ORA=0ANDP
=2ORA=3ANDP=1THEN1100
1052 CLS: PRINT: PRINT" GETTING
A ZONING VARIANCE WON'T BE E
ASY. CHANCES OF GETTING TH
E VARIANCE APPROVED MIGHT BE B
ETTER IF YOU HIRE A LAWYER." :P
RINT: PRINT" DO YOU WISH TO HIR
E ONE?":GOSUB308
1054 L$=D$:IFL$="N"THEN1070
1056 CLS : PRINT® 3 5 , "LAWYERS NEED
TIME TO PREPARE THEIR ARGUMENTS
. YOUR HEARING HAS BEEN DELAYE
D TWO WEEKS. "; PRINT :GOSUB20 14: GO
SUB300
1070 CLS: PRINT §3 6," PROPOSAL - TO
PERMIT A": PRINT" ZONING VARIAN
CE SO THE" : PRINT" " ; : IFA=3THENP
RINTRIGHT$ (A$ (A) ,10) ;ELSEPRINTA$
(A) ;
1072 PRINT" MAY BE DEVELOPED" : PR
INT" AS A " ; : IFA=2ANDP=2THENPRI
NT"SPORTS RECREATION AREA. "ELSEP
RINTP$(P) "."
1074 FORDE=1TO4:GOSUB320:NEXT
1076 DATAWARREN PEASE, MARY LEE, R
OBERT BARON, SOL LIGHT, FOREST H.
GRUPE
1078 PRINT® 19 4, "BOARD MEMBERS" :P
RINT @ 2 1 8 , "VOTE " : PRINT @ 2 2 6 , STRING
$(28,45): FORDE=2 5 8T03 86STEP3 2 : RE
ADD$ : PRINT® DE , D$ : NEXT : GOSUB3 20 : R
ESTORE
1080 V=0:FORDE=282TO410STEP32:GO
SUB320:D=RND(5) :PRINT@DE, ; :IFL$=
"Y"ANDD>20RD>3THENV=V+1 : PRINT" YE
S"ELSEPRINT" NO"
1082 NEXT :GOSUB3 20: PRINT: PRINT"
RESULTS: VARIANCE " ; : IFV<3THEN
PRINT "FAILS . "ELSEPRINT"PASSES . "
1083 IFV<3THENFF=1:FP=FP+1
1084 GOSUB300
1086 IFL$="N"THEN1092ELSECLS:PRI
NT@33 , "DEAR CITY PLANNER ,": PRINT
: PRINT" OUR BILL FOR LEGAL SER
VICES IN THE USETOWN ANNEX ZON
ING HEARING COMES TO";:DE=RN
D(15) *1000+10000:PRINTUSING"$$##
| # # . » ; DE
1088 PRINT: PRINT" IT HAS BEEN
A PLEASURE TO SERVE YOU.": PC
=PC+DE
1090 PRINT :PRINTTAB( 13) ; "WILSON
& WILSON" : PRINTTAB (16) ;" (LAWYERS
) ":GOSUB300
1092 IFFFO0THEN1700
1100 IFAO2THEN1110
1102 CLS : PRINT® 3 5 , "IT WOULD COST
$200,000 TO FILL AND LEVEL
THE WETLAND TO ENSURE PROPER B
UILDING CONDITIONS. DO
YOU WISH TO SPEND THE MONEY
?»:GOSUB308
1104 IFD$="Y"THENPC=PC+200000:OT
=OT OR1
1106 CLS: PRINT® 3 5, "FLOOD CONTROL
CONSTRUCTION WOULD COST $300
,000. DO YOU WISH TO SPEND T
HE MONEY FOR FLOOD CONTROL?"
:GOSUB308
1108 IFD$=" Y"THENPC=PC+300000 : OT
=OT OR2
1110 IFPO0THEN1130
1112 CLS: PRINT® 3 5, "WHICH TYPE OF
HOUSING WOULD YOU PREFE
R TO BUILD?" :PRINT@131,"1) TWELV
E SINGLE FAMILY HOMES
FOR $780,000" :PRINT®227, "2) THR
EE MULTI-FAMILY UNITS (12
HOMES) FOR $540,000":MX=2:GOSUB
314
1114 IFD=2THENPC=PC+540000:OT=OT
OR4ELSEPC=PC+780000
1130 IFPO1THEN1160
1132 CLS: PRINT® 35, "YOU CAN BUILD
": PRINT: PRINT" 1) A LARGE SHOP
PING CENTER": PRINTTAB (6) "FOR $6,
000,000 WHICH WILL PROVIDE
MORE JOBS AND " : PRINTTAB ( 6 ) " INCO
ME, OR"
1134 PRINT: PRINT" 2) A SMALLER
ONE FOR " : PRINTTAB ( 6 ) " $ 3 , 500 , 000
.":MX=2:GOSUB314
113 6 IFD=1THENPC=PC+6000000:OT=O
T OR8ELSEPC=PC+3500000
1160 IFPO2THEN1190
1161 IFAO2THENGOSUB20 10
1162 CLS: PRINT® 3 5, "PARK FACILITI
ES WITH CONVEN- TIONAL HEATING,
COOLING, AND' LIGHTING WILL C
OST $90,000.": PRINT: PRINT" SOL
AR FACILITIES MIGHT HELP KEEP
UTILITY BILLS DOWN IN THE FUTUR
E. DO YOU WANT TO SPEND"
1164 PRINT" $40,000 FOR SUPPLEME
NTAL SOLAR FACILITIES?" : GOSUB30
8:PC=PC+90000
1166 I F D $ = " Y " THENPC=PC+ 400 0 0 : OT=
OT OR16
1190 IFPO3THEN1220
1192 CLS: PRINT® 3 5, "YOU CAN BUILD
": PRINT: PRINT" 1) A LANDFILL F
OR": PRINTTAB (6) "$2,500,000, OR":
PRINT: PRINT" 2) A WASTE RECYCL
ING CENTER FOR $4,500,000
62
THE RAINBOW January 1 988
SUPER PRODUCTS
•":MX=2:GOSUB314
1193 I F A< > 2 ORD< > 1THEN 1195ELSECLS
: PRINTS 3 5 /'EVEN WITH THE VARIANC
E YOU
BUILD A
. DO
T» 1)
WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO
LANDFILL IN THE WETLAND
YOU WANT TO" : PRINT :PRIN
CANCEL THIS DEVELOPMENT,
OR" : PRINT : PRINT" 2 ) BU
ILD A RECYCLING PLANT?"
1194 MX=2:GOSUB314:OT=OT OR2048:
IFD=1THENFF=1 : FP=FP+1 : GOTO1700
1195 IFD=1THENPC=PC+2500000:OT=O
T OR32ELSEPC=PC+450j3j3j30
1198 IFOT AND3 2THEN12 20ELSEGOSUB
2020 : IFD$= H Y"THENPC=PC+80j300 : OT=
OT OR512
1220 I FAOJJTHEN1 3 5 fS
1222 CLS:PRINT@35 # "USING SPECIAL
METHODS WOULD A
SAVE MANY OF TH
COST OF $80,00)3
TO SAVE THE TRE
CONSTRUCTION
LLOW YOU TO
E TREES AT A
. DO YOU WANT
ES?":GOSUB308
1224 IFD$="Y"THENPC=PC-f80j300:OT=
OT OR64
1350 IFP=3THEN13 62
1352 CLS :PRINT@3 5 f "PROVISIONS FO
R HANDICAPPED ACCESS WOULD AD
D " ; : PRINTUS ING"$$##, ###";(. 02 *P
C): PRINT" TO THE COST. WILL YOU
PROVIDE HANDICAPPED ACCESS?" :G
OSUB308
1353 I F D $ = " Y 11 THENO T=OT OR128:PO
PC+(.02*PC) :GOTO13 62ELSEIFRND(10
)>8THEN1362
1354 CLS : PRINT035 , "THE STATE COM
HANDICAPPED HAS
TO APPEAR WITH
THAT THEY CAN E
FINER POINTS OF
HANDICAPPED ACC
MISSION ON THE
REQUESTED YOU
YOUR LAWYER SO
XPLAIN THE
THE STATE
ESS LAW TO YOU."
1355 GOSUB300:CLS:PRINT@35 / "THE
FINER POINTS INDICATE THAT Y
OU DON'T HAVE A CHOICE. YOU WI
LL PROVIDE HANDICAPPED ACCESS
AT A COST OF " ; : PRINTUSING"$$##
/###."; (.02*PC) :PC=PC+(.02*PC) :G
OSUB300
1356 CLS : PRINT 03 3/" DEAR CITY PLA
NNER,": PRINT: PRINT" OUR BILL F
OR LEGAL SERVICES IN THE HANDI
CAPPED ACCESS MATTER COMES
TO " ; : DE=RND (5) *1000+10000 : PRIN
TUSING" $$# /###•" ;DE: PRINT : PRINT"
IT HAS BEEN A PLEASURE TO
SERVE YOU . " : PC=PC+DE
1357 PRINT : PRINTTAB ( 13 ) "WILSON &
WILSON" :PRINTTAB( 16) " (LAWYERS) "
IGOSUB300
DISTO SUPER CONTROLLER $99.95
A superb controller. Along with
the included C-DOS, plug-in
three more software selectable
2764 or 271 28 EPROMs burned
to your liking.
The internal Mini Expansion Bus
lets you add some incredible
features to the controller. Disto
Super Add-Ons were designed
to fit neatly inside the controller
case.
Now is the time to upgrade your
COCO 3 to 51 2K of memory.
Available with or without mem-
ory chips, the Super Ram 3
board is easily installed inside
the COCO. It is fully compatible
with OS-9 Level 2 and is deliv-
ered with a software package (in
BASIC) that includes: a printer
spooler, a ramdisk, a memory
test and an install/configure
program for your system.
DISTO SUPER ADD-ONS
REAL TIME CLOCK AND PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE
Have the Real Time, date and year displayed on your screen at a simple
command using the included software drivers. $29.95
MINI EPROM PROGRAMMER
A low cost EPROM programmer that attaches directly to your Disto
Super Controller to program those often used utilities. $54.95
HARD DISK INTERFACE
A hard disk interface fully compatible with S.A.S.I. that fits inside the
Super Controller or Ramdisk. OS-9 Drivers are included. $49.95
SUPER RAMDISK 5 12K
Imagine having access to 51 2K of virtual disk
memory in close to no time.
$169.95
The OS-9 operating system is rapidly becoming a best-seller. All Disto
products are supported by OS-9 Level 1 and Level 2 software. We
have drivers for: Parallel Printer Interface, Real Time Clock Adapter,
Super Ramdisk, Hard Disk Adapter and Disto's Super Controller 2.
SEND FOR
FREE 87/88 WINTER CATALOG m
@X C
10802 Lajeunes!
MASTER CARD
AND VISA
ACCEPTED
RC COMPUTERS inc.
>e, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. H3L 2E8
1-514-383-5293
We accept phone orders.
C.O.D. in Canada only. 1
Shipping & Handling not included in prices.
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 63
1362 DE=RND (5) *1000+4000 : CLS : PRI
NTlSS/'WILL YOU PAY " ; : PRINTUSIN
G"$$ , ###" ;DE ; : PRINT" TO": PRINT"
CONSERVE AS MUCH SOIL AS
POSSIBLE DURING CONSTRUCTION?" :G
OSUB308 : IFD$="Y"THENPC=PC+DE:OT=
OT OR256
1372 D$=" TO: CITY PLANNER"+CR$
+" FROM: ACE CONSTRUCTION CO."+
CR$+" SUBJECT: PROJECT CONSTRUC
TION"+CR$+CR$+" CONSTRUCTION
HAS BEGUN"+CR$+" IN THE ":GOSUB2
050
1383 IFA=0THENDE=4 000
1384 IFA=1THENDE=1250
1385 IFA=2AND(OT AND1) THEN1402EL
SEIFA=2THENDE=20000
1386 IFA=3AND(OT AND3 2) THENDE=97
000 ELSE I FA=3 THENDE-4 8^0^
1389 CLS : PRINTS 3 5 /'CLEARING THE
AREA FOR CONSTRUCTION CO
STS 11 ; : PRINTUS ING" $$# , ### . " ;DE: P
C=PC+DE : GOSUB3 0 0
1402 IFA=0ORA=2THENCLS:PRINT@35,
"CONSTRUCTION IS DELAYED W
HILE AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT S
TUDY IS CONDUCTED.": PRINT :GOSUB2
014:GOSUB300ELSEGOTO1422
1404 IFRND(10)>5THEN1422ELSECLS:
PRINT@35,"AN ENDANGERED SPECIES
WAS FOUND AND CONSTRUCTION W
ILL NOT CONTINUE UNTIL
CONSTRUCTION METHODS ARE
APPROVED WHICH WILL PROT
ECT THE ENDANGERED SPECIES."
: PRINT :GOSUB20 14
1406 GOSUB300:DE=PC*.05:CLS:PRIN
T@3 5, "CONSTRUCTION MAY CONTINUE,
BUT PROTECTING THE ENDANGERE
D SPECIES INCREASES YOUR COSTS
BY ";:PRINTUSING"$$##, ###.";
DE : PC=PC+DE : GOSUB3 00
1422 DU=RND(10) *10:D$="USETOWN W
EATHER REPORT"+CR$+ CR$ : IFDU<60TH
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40:GOTO1432ELSED$=D$+" CLOUDY WI
TH A"+STR$( (DU-55) *2)+"% CHANCE
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(10)*10
1423 IFD> (DU-55) *2THEND$="USETOW
N WEATHER UPDATE "+CR$+CR$+" WE H
AVE CLOUDY SKIES - NO"+CR$+" RAI
N. " :GOSUB2040 : GOT01432
1424 D$="USETOWN WEATHER UPDATE"
+CR$+CR$+" WE CURRENTLY HAVE HEA
VY RAINS"+CR$+" IN USETOWN. . . " : G
OSUB2040 : CLS : PRINT© 3 5 , "CONSTRUCT
ION IS HALTED BY THE RAIN."+
CR$ : GOSUB2014 : GOSUB3 00
1426 IFOT AND256THEN1428ELSED$="
TO: CITY PLANNER" +CR$+" FROM:
64 THE RAINBOW January 1988
STATE E.P.A."+CR$+" SUBJECT: S
OIL EROSION"+CR$+CR$+" YOU ARE
FINED $40,000 FOR FAILING T
0 PREVENT SOIL EROSION."
: PC=PC+40000 : GOSUB2030 :GOSUB300
1428 IFAO2THEN1452ELSEIF0T AND2
THEN143 2ELSED$="USETOWN WEATHER
UPDATE"+CR$+CR$+" RAINS CAUSE FL
OODING IN"+CR$+" WETLAND. CONST
RUCTION PROJECT"+CR$+" DESTROYED
. » : GOSUB2040 : FF=1 : FP=FP+1 : GOT017
00
143 2 IFAO2THEN1452ELSEIF0T AND1
THEN 1 4 5 2 E LS E PC= PC * 2 : PRI NT @ 3 5 , " PR
OBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WHILE TRY I
NG TO BUILD ON MARSHY LAND DOUB
LE THE COST OF THIS PROJ
ECT TO "; :PRINTUSING"$$##### / ###
.";PC:GOSUB300
1452 CLS: PRINTS 3 5, "CONSTRUCTION
IS IN ITS FINAL STAGES. WILL Y
OU LANDSCAPE AT A COST OF ";:PR
INTUS ING "$$###,##."; PC * . 0 4 : GOSUB
308 : IFD$=»Y"THENPC=PC+PC* .04 :OT=
OT OR1024
1462 D$=" TO: CITY PLANNER" +CR$
+" FROM: ACE CONSTRUCTION CO."+
CR$+" SUBJECT: PROJECT CONSTRUC
TION"+CR$+CR$+" CONSTRUCTION
IS COMPLETE"+CR$+" IN THE ":GOSU
B2050
1472 IFP<30R(OT AND512)OR(OT AND
32 ) THEN1482ELSECLS : PRINT© 3 5 , "THE
STATE E.P.A. WILL NOT ALLOW
THE RECYCLING PLANT TO OPEN
UNTIL STACK EMISSIONS ARE C
ONTROLLED . "+CR$ : GOSUB2 0 14 : GOSUB3
00 : GOSUB2020 : IFD$="N"THEN1472ELS
EPC=PC+80000
1482 IFA=2ANDP<>2THENCLS:PRINT@3
5, "SEEPAGE AND SETTLING HAS
RESULTED IN A PENALTY TO YOU
OF " ; : PRINTUS ING" $$####,###."; P
C* . 1 : PC=PC+PC* . 1 : GOSUB3 0 0
1492 IFOT AND256THENDE=153:D$="S
OIL CONSERVATION" :DU$=" WORKING T
0 SAVE SOIL":GOSUB2070
1494 IFOT AND512THENDE=169:D$="C
LEAN AIR":DU$="KEEPING OUR AIR C
LEAN":GOSUB2070
1496 IFOT AND1024THENDE=185:D$="
CITY BEAUTIFUL" :DU$=" BEAUTIFUL P
LANTINGS " : GOSUB2 0 70
1498 IFOT AND16THENDE=249 : D$="EN
ERGY EFFICIENCY" :DU$^"HELPING CO
NSERVE RESOURCES " : GOSUB2 070
1700 I F P= 1 ANDA= 2 THENBR=BR- 2
1703 IFP=1ANDA=0THENBR=BR-1
1706 IFOT AND2 0 4 8THENBR=BR-2
1709 IFP=3ANDA=3AND(OT AND3 2) THE
NBR=BR-2
COMPUTER AIDED INSTRUCTION
Educational Programs for Students Grade K-12 and Adult Self Studies
NEW PROGRAMS FOR YOUR TANDY 1000
AND TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
Compatible with Apple - Atari - Commodore - TRS 80 I, III, 4 - IBM PC Jr.
16 New Programs now available in Basic Spanish
• NEW! VIDEO CASSETTES FOR VHS! ^
lnnerActive' M Video Tutorials
Complete with audio narration
4 cassettes with 8 programs in each of the
following subject areas: /*r"
• Basic Spanish Grammar rm f 1QK
• Basic Algebra
• Reading by Phonics %Lf ^ QBtftBDe
• Raeir Frartfnnft
Which has one syllable?
O icy
I 0 «W
Interactive Tutorial Programs for Home or Classroom Use
Over 1000 programs for your selection with 32 now available on disk for the Color
Computer and 500 now available for the Tandy 1000.
"We're Your Educational
Software Source"
Subject No. of Programs
Reading Development 256 (4 on disk)
Reading Comprehension 48 (4 on disk)
Mathematics 128
Algebra 16 (16 on disk)
History 32 (4 on disk)
Spelling 16
Government 16
Physics 16 (4 on disk)
16 Programs in each
of the following:
Children's Tales - Carpentry - Electronics
Health Services - Office Skills - Statistics
First Aid/Safety - Economics - business
Accounting -Psychology -MUCH MORE!
Send lor our free catalog of over 1000 Dorsett educa
tional programs for Atari, TRS 80, Apple, IBM PC Jr.,
Commodore. Tandy 1000, efc.
Apple II, TRS 80 I/ III, & 4, and
Commodore 64 computers require
respective conversion kits (plug-in board
and stereo cassette player), $99.00. Atari
400/600/800/1200 computers require the
Atari cassette record.er and the Dorsett
4001 Educational Master Cartridge,
$9.95. For the IBM PC Jr. a cassette
adapter cable and a good cassette
recorder are required. The Tandy 1000
requires the Dorsett M1001 speaker/PC
board kit, $69.00, and a standard
cassette recorder. A Radio Shack
CCR-81 or CCR-82 is recommended.
CASSETTES: $59.50 for an album con-
taining a 16-program course (8 cassettes
with 2 programs each); $9.95 for a
2-program cassette.
DISKS: $14.95 for a one-program disk;
$28.95 for two disks; $48.95 for four
disks. All disks come in a vinyl album.
Dealer Inquiries Welcome
Dorsett Educational Software features:
• Interactive Learning
• User Friendly
• Multiple Choice and Typed
• Program Advance with Correct Response
• Full-time audio narration (Cassette
Programs Only)
• Self-Paced Study
• High Resolution Graphics
• Easy Reading Text
For more information, or to order call:
TOLt FREE 1-800-654-3871
IN OKLAHOMA CALL (405) 288-2301
(MasterCard
Box 1226, Norman, OK 73070
Save $200 on Magnavox Monitors
Magnavox 8CM643 RGB Analog only $385!!
MONITORS
1 230 A 1 2"
This 12" green screen high resolution
monitor offers 80 column capability, Zenith
quality and a 90-day warranty valid at any
of Zenith's 1200 locations.
$125
122A Zenith 12" Amber Screen offers
the same 640 dots x 200 lines reso-
lution at 15MHz and a 90-day war-
ranty valid at 1200 locations.
$88
(»7 shipping)
MAGNAVOX
8 CM 515 has
analog RGB for CoCo 3, TTL RGB
for Tandy 1000 or IBM PC's, and
composite color for CoCo 2 and 3.
Built-in speaker. 14" screen with
640 dot x 240 line resolution. Plus
2 years parts and labor warranty.
reg. list $499
SAVE
$200
Retail $199
Our price
($7 shipping) BRAND NEW
All monitors require an amplifier cir-
cuit to drive the monitor and are
mounted inside the color computer.
They attach with spring connectors
with two wires extending out of the
computer, one for audio and one for
video. CoCo 3 does not require an
amplifier circuit.
VA-1 for monochrome monitors only,
fits ail color computers
$24. 4 5
( 8 2 shipping)
VC-4 for monochrome or color, fits all
color computers
($2 shipping)
$39-«
+ $14 Shipping
CC-3 Magnavox RGB cable.
only $19.95 with
Magnavox Monitor order.
$29.95 w/o monitor.
MAGNAVOX
CM 8505 has analog RGB
and TTL RGB and composite
color input. Built in speaker. 13"
screen with 390 dots x 240 reso-
lution in RGB mode. Plus 1 year
parts & labor warranty.
reg. list $299
SAVE
*79
$220
+ $14 Shipping
DRIVE 0 + . Howards Drive 0 gives you a
DD-3 MPI drive, a CA-1 cable and a J&M DC-4 Disk Controller
for only. Double sided double density 360K
$17845
Mm %mw Double sided
/e _ v Double density m
(«5 shipping) 360K y UK* ~ ^
Add $34 for a Disto DC-3.
GUARANTEE
Howard Medical's 30-day guarantee is meant to eliminate the uncertainty-
of dealing with a company through the maii. Once you receive our hard-
ware, try it out; test it for compatibility. If you're not happy with it for any
reason, return it in 30 days and we'll give you your money back (less
shipping.)
Shipping charges are for 48 states.
APO, Canada and Puerto Rico orders are higher.
DISK CONTROLLER
c
ADD-ON
DC-38 includes 80 column capacity,
parallel printer, real time clock, and all
software $138
DC-256 256K RAM Board includes
software to access all RAM $QQ
DC512 512K
software
RAM Board with
$125
DC-3C Clock Calendar and parallel
printer port £ $40
Includes controller and C-DOS 4.0
ROM Chip. DISTO
$98 DC-3 A
$2 shipping on all DISTO products
BOARDS
DC-3P Mini Eprom programmer in-
cludes all software to program 2764
or 27128 chips Q $55
2764 8K Eprom 28 pin
$8 S0 each
27128 16K Eprom 28 pin
$8 50 each
1 FREE Eprom W/DC-3P order
effective thru 12/15/87
C-DOS 3 28 pin Eprom makes Disto
controller compatible with CoCo 3
(90
SOFTWARE SPECIALS
Payrol/BAS T " U1 i h
' (*2 shipping)
• Nonprotected basic is modifiable
• Tax tables built in for automatic
federal calculation
• Custom code for each state (*25 option)
• 4 pay periods
• 7 deductions
• Prints checks
• 100 employees
• 30 ledger numbers for checks
other than payroll
• Check register includes monthly
or weekly federal deposit amount
• Enter, update, delete employees,
company and check information
• Print payroll and nonpayroll
checks
TM
Payrol/BAS
30 Day Trial
$29.95
VIP LIBRARY
Softlaw's integrated package in-
cludes VIP Writer Terminal Data
Base, Calc and Disk Zap which
can fix a diskette that is giving I/
O errors
$125
reg. $149 ( 82 shipping)
MEMORY
Memory for CoCo 3 PC memory
board plugs into the spare slots
inside the computer and is pop-
ulated with 256K ram chips.
Completely solderless with com-
plete easy to install instructions.
$79.95
PC Memory board without RAM
549.50
Software spooler and RAM disk
for lightning quick response or no
disk swapping drive backup for 1
drive system and printer spooler to
free computer during long listings.
$19 45
on Memory
WE REPAIR
DISK DRIVES
MONITORS
CONTROLLERS
51 2K RAM
($2 shipping
products)
Send them UPS prepaid
to Howard Medical with
your daytime telephone
number and we will call
with a cost to repair.
Howard Medical Computers 1690 N. Elston Chicago, IL 60622
ORDERS
(800) 443-1444
INQUIRIES AND ORDER STATUS
(312) 278-1440
Showroom Hours:
8:00 - 5:00 Mon. - Frt.
10:00 - 3:00 Sat.
WE ACCEPT: VISA • MASTERCARD • AMERICAN EXPRESS
C.O.D. OR CHECKS • SCHOOL RO.'S
The Bigge sl
THE RAINBOW is the biggest, best, brightest and
most comprehensive publication a happy CoCo
ever had! THE RAINBOW features more programs,
more information and more in-depth treatment of
the Tandy Color Computer than any other source.
A monthly issue contains nearly 200 pages and
up to two dozen programs, 14 regular columns and
as many as 12 new product reviews. And advertise-
ments: THE RAINBOW is known as the medium for
advertisers — which means every month it has a
wealth of information unavailable anywhere else
about new products! Hundreds of programs are
advertised in its pages each month.
Every single issue of THE RAINBOW covers the
wide spectrum of interests in the Tandy Color
Computer — from beginners' tutorials and arcade
games to telecommunications and business and
finance programs. Helpful utilities and do-it-
yourself hardware projects make it easy and fun to
expand your CoCo's capabilities. And, monthly
reviews by independent reader reviewers take the
guesswork out of buying new software and hard-
ware products.
Join the tens of thousands who have found THE
RAINBOW to be an absolute necessity for their
CoCo. With all this going for it, is it surprising that
more than 90 percent of THE RAINBOW subscrib-
ers renew their subscriptions? We're willing to bet
that, a year from now, you'll be doing the same.
Rainbow On Tape
& Rainbow On Disk!
— great ways to bring THE RAINBOW into your life.
Each month, all you do is pop the tape into your
cassette player or the disk into your drive. No more
lost weekends. As soon as you read an article about
a program in THE RAINBOW, it's ready to load and
run. No work. No wait.
Just think how your software library will grow.
With your first year's subscription, you'll get almost
250 new programs: games, utilities, business
programs, home applications. And, with RAINBOW
ON DISK, you'll also get all the OS-9 programs.
RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAINBOW ON DISK —
they're the "meat" of THE RAINBOW at a price that's
"small potatoes." And now you even have a choice
about how it should be served up to you.
To get your first heaping helping, just fill out and
return the attached reply card. No postage neces-
sary.
i
Use our 800 number!
For credit card orders, you may want to phone in your subscription. Our
credit card order number is (800) 847-0309, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. All other
inquiries please call (502) 228-4492.
We accept VISA, MasterCard and American Express.
Subscriptions to the rainbow are $31 a year in the United States. Canadian
rate is $38 (U.S. funds only). Surface rate elsewhere is $68 (U.S.). Airmail
is $103 (U.S.). All subscriptions begin with the current issue. Please allow
6 to 8 weeks for the first copy. Kentucky residents add 5% sales tax.
In order to hold down non-editorial costs, we do not bill.
Send Me Rainbow Magazine!
Here's your chance to have a Pot O' Gold full of programs, articles and information about
CoCo every month of the year!
As the premier magazine for the Tandy Color Computer, THE RAINBOW has more of
everything — and greater variety, too. Do yourself and your CoCo a favor and subscribe to
THE RAINBOW today!
YES! Sign me up for a year (12 issues) of THE RAINBOW.
□ NEW □ RENEW (attach label)
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Address _ —
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Charge: □ VISA □ MasterCard □ American Express
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Our 800 number is also good for ordering
RAINBOW ON TAPE or RAINBOW ON DISK!
Just call (800) 847-0309 anytime from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. Credit card orders only.
Subscriptions to rainbow on tape are $80 a year in the United States, $90 (U.S.
funds) in Canada and $105 (U.S.) in all other countries.
rainbow on disk is $99 a year in the United States, $115 (U.S.) in Canada and $130
(U.S.) in all other countries.
Individual issues of rainbow on tape are $10 in the U.S., $12 (U.S.) in Canada and
all other countries. Individual issues of rainbow on disk are $12 in the U.S., $14
(U.S.) in Canada, and $16 (U.S.) in all other countries. Kentucky residents please
add 5% sales tax.
rainbow on tape and rainbow on disk are not stand-alone products; you need the
magazine for loading and operating instructions and the necessary documentation.
the rainbow magazine is a separate purchase.
Give Your Fingers A Break!
YES! Sign me up: □ NEW □ RENEW (attach label)
□ RAINBOW ON TAPE □ RAINBOW ON DISK
(Available beginning with the October
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□ Payment Enclosed (payment must accompany order)
Charge: □ VISA □ MasterCard □ American Express
Account Number .
Signature . card Expiration Date
k
1710 IFFF>0THENBR=BR-1:GOTO1760
1712 IFP=2ANDA=2AND01=2THENBR=BR
+5
1715 I FP= 3 AND A= 1 THENBR—BR+ 5
1718 I F P=p AN D A=p THEN BR= BR+ 5
1721 IFP=lANDA=3THENBR=BR+5
1724 IFOT AND1THENBR=BR+1
1727 IFOT AND 2 THENBR=BR+ 1
173j3 IFOT AND4THENBR=BR+1
1733 IFOT AND8THENBR=BR+1
1736 IFOT AND1 6THENBR=BR+1
.1739 IFOT AND32THEN1742ELSEIFP=3
THENBR=BR+1
1742 IFOT AND64THENBR=BR+1
1745 IFOT AND 1 2 8 THENBR=BR+ 1
1748 IFOT AND2 5 6THENBR=BR+ 1
1751 IFOT AND5 1 2 THENBR=BR+ 1
1754 IFOT AND1024THENBR=BR+1
176j3 IFFF=1THENSCREEN1,0:GOSUB30
4ELSEGOSUB3100
1770 OT=j2J:01=j3
18pp IFA=3THEND$==MID$(A$(A) ,4,5)
ELSED$=A$ (A)
1801 IFP=j30RP=lTHENDU$=LEFT$(P$(
P) , 8) ELSEIFP=3THENDU$=LEFT$ (P$ (P
) , 6)ELSEDU$=P$(P)
1802 IFFF=lTHENFP$(FP-l,j3)=D$:FP
$ (FP-1 , 1) =DU$ : FP (FP-1) =PC: GOT018
06ELSESP=SP+1 : SP$ (SP-1,0) =D$ : SP$
(SP-1, 1) =DU$ : SP (SP-1) =PC: A$ (A) ="
it . p<j ^pj = n ii
1806 IFFP=0THEN1856
1808 CLS:PRINT@5,"USETOWN PROJEC
T REPORT" :PRINTSTRING$(32,61) ;:P
RINT" INCOMPLETE PROJECTS : " : PRINT
"region project cost"
1810 IC=0:FORD=0TOFP-1:PRINTFP$(
D,0) ;TAB(10)FP$(D,1) ;TAB(20) ; :PR
INTUSINGFM$;FP(D) ; : IC=IC+FP(D) :N
EXT
1312 PRINT@3 20,STRING$(32,61) ; : P
RINT@352, "TOTAL COST OF":PRINT@3
84 , "INCOMPLETE PROJECTS : " ; : PRINT
USINGFM$;IC
1814 PRINT@44 8, "PRESS ANY KEY TO
VIEW":D=USR9 (1472) : PRINT@480 , "T
HE NEXT PAGE OF THIS REPORT...";
:D=USR9(1504) :GOSUB304
1856 CLS:PRINT@5,"USETOWN PROJEC
T REPORT" : PRINTSTRING$ (32 ,61) ;:P
RINT " COMPLETE D PROJECTS : " : PRINT"
region project cost"
1857 IFSP=0THEN1862
1858 RT=0:FORD=0TOSP-1:PRINTSP$(
D,0) ;TAB(10)SP$(D,1) ;TAB(20) ; :PR
INTUSINGFM$;SP(D) ; :RT=RT+SP(D) :N
EXT
1862 PRINT@256,STRING$(20 / 61) :PR
HOLIDAY
SPECIALS
from The Computer Center
Hardware
Software & Misc.
2 Driu8 SysLen[2 DSDD Driuas in one case)'
5329.95
Driue 1 Upgraded DSDD For your 26-3129,3131,
or 3135) SpeclFy Catalog* when ordering !!
4119,95
Driue 0-SSDD Full Height" $199.95
Driue 1-SSDD Full Height {125.95
COCO 3 512K UpgradetNen Low Price)-$99, 95
COCO 3 Keyboard $34 . 95
HNS
S#3
IflO CPS - DRAFT
30 CPS - WLD
3K BUFFER
REQUIRES SERIAL TD
PARALLEL INTERFACE
RD0S-- 429,95
COCO Graphics Designer
Art Deli(440 Pix on 18 disks)
Noniter InterFace
ADDS 3 -
Serial to Parallel Converters
FKEVS III - 419,95 Sixdriue -
Telewriter 64 • 459.95 COCO-Util -
Gauntlet - 428.95 Pyranix -
Disto Super Controller
COCD in Stitch (X-Stitch Patterns)-
439.95
429,95
499,95
429,95
454,95
419,95
439.95
424.95
499,95
4 3.95
SpeciFy R.S. or Disto
Controller,
MX DISK DRIVES
CARRY A 10 DAY
RARRANTY.
The Computer Center
5512 Poplar Ave. Memphis, TN 38119 901-761-4565
Rdd $4,90 for Shipping & Handling, UISR, Plaster Card, i Honey Orders Accepted.
Allow 3 Weeks for personal checks, NO CODS. Prices nay change without notice,
IF YQU DON'T SEE
IT, ASK US \
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 67
INTS288 , "INCOMPLETE PROJECTS : " ; :
PRINTUSINGFM$;IC
1864 PRINTS340,STRING$(12,45) ; :P
RINTS361, "TOTAL COST: " ; :PRINTUSI
NGFM$ ; IC+RT
1866 PRINT@ 3 96," BALANCE : " ; : PRINT
USINGFM$ ; 14000000- (IC+RT)
1867 IFFP=0GOSUB300:GOTO1872
1868 PRINTS448 , "PRESS P TO VIE
W PREVIOUS PAGE , " ; : D=USR9 ( 1472 ) :
PRINTS 4 80," ANY OTHER KEY TO CO
NTINUE ..."?: D=USR9 ( 1504 )
1870 POKE282,255:D$=INKEY$:IFD$=
" "THEN1870ELSEIFD$=CHR$ (95) THENC
LS : RUNELSEIFD$="P"THENPLAYS$ : GOT
O1806ELSEPLAYS$
1872 IF14000000- (IC+RT) <0THEN192
0ELSEIFFP=6THEN1930ELSEIFSP<4THE
N1006
1910 CLS:PRINT@37 / "YOU HAVE DEVE
LOPED ALL FOUR AREAS IN T
HE USETOWN ANNEX. WE RATE
YOUR JOB PERFORMANCE :": P
RINT : F0RDE=1T03 000 : NEXT
1911 PRINTTAB(9) "EXCELLENT" : PRIN
TTAB ( 14) "GOOD" : PRINTTAB (11) "AVER
AGE" : PRINTTAB ( 14 ) "FAIR" : PRINTTAB
(14) "POOR"
1915 GOSUB320:SOUND89,1:PRINT@34
0 , " * " ; : IFBR>9THENGOSUB3 2 0 : PRINT©
340 , " " ; : SOUND 12 5 , 1 : PRINT© 30 8 , " *
" ; : IFBR>18THENGOSUB3 2 0 : PRINTS3 ft 8
, " "; :SOUND147, 1:PRINTS276, "*" ;
1916 IFBR>27THENGOSUB320: PRINTS 2
76, " "; :SOUND176, 1:PRINTS244, "*"
; : IFBR>35THENGOSUB3 20 : PRINTS244 ,
" "; :SOUND189 / l:SOUND193 / l:PRINT
S212,"*";
1917 I FBR< 1 9 THENFORDE= 1T02 000 : NE
XT : PRINT S 3 8 7 , 11 YOUR SERVICES ARE
NO LONGER REQUIRED. YOU'RE
FIRED."
1918 GOSUB300:GOTO1950
1920 CLS:PRINTS35,"YOU OVERSPENT
YOUR BUDGET. IF YOU HAVE THE
GOOD GRACE TO SEEK OTHER EMPL
0 YMENT , WE WON'T HINDER YO
UR EFFORTS. WILL YOU LOOK F
OR ANOTHER JOB?" : GOSUB308 : IFD$="
Y"THEN1950ELSE1940
1930 CLS : PRINT® 3 5 , "TOO MANY PROJ
ECTS HAVE FAILED. ": PRINT:
PRINT" EVEN THOUGH IT IS NOT A
LL YOUR FAULT, SOMEONE MUST
TAKE RESPONSIBILITY. DO YOU W
ISH TO LOOK FOR A DIFFERENT J
OB?":GOSUB308:IFD$="Y"THEN1950
1940 PRINTS 3 57 , "SORRY - YOU'RE F
IRED!":GOSUB300
1950 CLS:PRINT@259,"DO YOU WANT
TO PLAY AGAIN? " : GOSUB308 : IFD$="Y
"THENRUN202ELSE1950
1999 END
2010 CLS: PRINTS 6 6, "WHICH DO YOU
PLAN TO BUILD?" :PRINT@131, "1. A
SPORTS RECREATION AREA" : PRINT (§16
3 ,"2. NATURAL AREA PARK" : MX=2 : GO
SUB3 14 : 01=D : RETURN
2014 DE=RND (30) *1000+10000: PRINT
" DELAYS COST MONEY. THIS
DELAY COSTS YOU" ; : PRINTUSING"$
$##,###." ;DE : PC=PC+DE : RETURN
2020 CLS : PRINTS3 5 , "DO YOU WISH T
0 CONTROL THE EMISSIONS FROM
THE INCINERATOR AT A COST OF $8
0 , 000? » : GOSUB308 : RETURN
2030 CLS:PRINTS64,STRING$(32,35)
: PRINT S 3 5 2 , STRING $(32,35): PRINT @
9 6," ":GOSUB3 40 -.RETURN
2040 CLS :PRINT@96,STRING$ (32,42)
: PRINTS 3 20, STRING $ (32,42): PRINT S
165,"";: GOSUB3 4 0 : GOSUB3 00 : RETURN
2050 IFA< 3 THEND$=D$+A$ (A) +" . "ELS
ED$=D$+RIGHT$ (A$ (A) , 10) +!' . "
2052 CLS : PRINT® 64, STRING$ (32,35)
: PRINTS 3 52 , STRING $ (32,35): PRINTS
96," " :GOSUB3 40: GOSUB300: RETURN
2070 CLS:PRINTSTRING$(32,DE) :FOR
D=32T0416STEP32 : PRINTED, CHR$ (DE)
:PRINT@D+31,CHR$ (DE) ; :NEXT: PRINT
S448,STRING$(32,DE) ; : PRINTS112-L
EN (D$ ) /2, D$ ; : PRINTS173 , ." AWARD"; :
PRINTS202,STRING$ (11,45) ; : PRINTS
292, "TO THE CITY PLANNER FOR";
2071 PRINTS3 68-LEN(DU$) /2,DU$; :G
OSUB300: RETURN
2100 END
3000 DIMG1(4) ,L$(27) ,G2(3) ,G4(3)
,G3(6)
3005 RQ$="NU5R3BU2U2R1D2BD2R3U4R
1D4R2NR4U4R5D4R3NU5E3U6G3L18E3R1
7U6H1U5L2D5G1D5R1U5R1NU4ND5R1D5"
3007 LQ$="R1E4F1E2NF3U1E2R2E1R2N
F2H1U1E1R1F3R1F1R1E1R2F3F2F1D1NF
3BD1BL1H1L2G1L1G1BE2BU1U1H1NE1L2
G4NL2BE2U1H1L1H1L1G2NF1H1L1G2BH6
R1BE3R1BE3BR6R1BF2BR3R1BF4R1"
3010 MQ$="NU7R=QQ;NR7U4R2ND3R2ND
3R2ND3R2D4R=QQ ;NU7E7U8L=QQ ; L8L=Q
Q ; G7R1R=QR ; D2NR2 1U7R2NR19 BD2ND3 F
2E2D3BR2U1NR2U1E1R1F1D2BR2NU3R2B
R2NU3R2BR2ND1NU4R2R=QR;E7"
3015 PQ$="NU3R6BU2U2R1D2BD2R2U4R
1D4R3NU4E5U3E1L1H1U6L1D5H1U1H1U1
G5L1NE5G1L3G5R3E1R1E1R1E1U1E2D1F
1D1F3E4"
3018 WI$="BU2U2BU4U2R1D2BD4D2BD2
R2 " : NQ$="NU11R2XWI$ ; XWI$ ;U4BU4U2
R1D2BD4D4R2XWI$ ;XWI$ ;NU11E3U10E1
L1H1L2H1L2H1L3G1L2G1L2G1L1G3R1E1
R2E1R2E1R3F1R2F1R2F1R1E2"
3020 PMODE3,1:PCLS4:DRAW"BM40,20
\ ....
68 THE RAINBOW January 1988
(74,50) ,G4, PSET: PUT (87, 29) -(96, 4
0) ,G4,PSET:PUT(97, 66) -(106,77) ,G
4,PSET:PUT(89, 124) -(98,135) ,G4,A
ND
3030 CIRCLE (165, 36) ,14,3, .4 :PAIN
T (163 ,35) ,3, 3 : CIRCLE (213 ,44) ,16,
3, .4:PAINT(221,45) ,3,3: DRAW" C3 BM
180,36;R4F5R4F2":PMODE4,1
3035 COLOR 0,1:LINE(0,0)-(255,18
0) , PSET, B: LINE (127,0) -(127,180) ,
PSET:LINE(0, 90) -(255,90) ,PSET
3040 L$ (1) = ,, U3NR4U2E2F2D5" : L$ (2)
="U7R3F1D1G1NL2F1D2G1L3 " : L$ ( 3 ) ="
BR4BU1G1L2H1U5E1R2F1" : L$ (4) = M U7R
3F1D5G1L3 " : L$ (5) ="NR4U4NR2U3R4" :
L$ ( 6 ) ="U4NR3U3R4 " : L$ ( 7 ) ="BR4BU6H
1L2G1D5F1R3U3L1" :L$ (8) ="U7D3R4NU
3D4 " : L$ ( 9 ) ="BR1R2L1U7NL1R1" : L$ ( 1
1) ="U7D4NE4R1F3"
3041 L$ (12 ) ="NU7R4 " : L$ ( 13 ) ="U7F2
E2D7" :L$ (14) ="U7F4ND3U4" :L$ (15) =
"U7R4D7L4 " : L$ (16) ="U7R3F1D2G1L2 "
: L$ ( 18 ) ="U7R3F1D2G1L2F3 " : L$ ( 19 ) -
" BU1F1R2E1U2H1L2H1U1E1R2F1" : L$ (2
0) ="BR2U7L2R4" :L$ (21) ="BU1NU6F1R
2E1U6" :L$ (22) ="BU7D5F2E2U5"
3042 L$(23)="NU7E2F2U7":L$ (25)="
BR2U3H2U2D2F2E2U2" : L$ (26) ="BR1R1
" : L$ (0 ) =" " : L$ ( 27 ) ="BR1BU2E3 "
Two-Liner Contest Winner ■. s-« «
Upon running Frantic Fingers, you will be prompt-
ed for the level at which you want to play. Enter a
number from 1 to 400. Now, use the arrow keys to
move around the screen and try to gather all the yellow
blocks while avoiding the red ones. On a CoCo 3, you
may need to enter PALETTE RGB before running.
The listing:
0 POKE 6 5 4 9 5 , 0 : INPUTL: PMODE 3 , 1 : PC
LS : SCREEN1 : LINE (0 , 0 ) -(255,191) ,P
SET , B : FORI=lTOL* 3 : COLOR4+2 * ( K=L
) , 1 : A=RND ( 60 ) *4 : B=RND ( 4 5 ) * 4 : IFPP
OINT (A, B) =2THENI=I-1 : NEXTELSELIN
E (A, B) - (A+3 , B+3) , PSET, BF : NEXT : X=
128:Y=96:S=0:Z=0
1 PRESET (X, Y) : PSET (X,Y, 4) :A$=INK
EY$ : Z=ASC ( A$+CHR$ ( Z ) ) : X=X+2 * ( Z=8
) :X=X-2*(Z=9) : Y=Y+(Z=94) :Y=Y-(Z=
10) :PM=PPOINT(X,Y) : IFPM=2THENA=I
NT(X/4) *4:B=INT (Y/4) *4:LINE(A,B)
- (A+3 , B+3 ) , PRESET , BF : S=S+1 : IFS=L
THENPRINT " W " : GOTO0ELSE1ELSEIF-P
M*(ZO0)=4THEN0ELSE1
Michael G. Toepke
Oak Harbor, WA
(For this winning two-liner contest entry, the author has been sent copies
of both The Third Rainbow Book of Adventures and its companion The
Third Rainbow Adventures Tape.)
DISKMASTERQ , INC.
P.O. BOX 223 -RNB
SKOKIE, IL 60076
(312) 679-DISK
• DISKETTES •
100% CERTIFIED ERROR-FREE
LIFETIME GUARANTEED
5V4 Inch BULK PRICES
100 DS/DD - 560/ea , $ 56.00
250 DS/DD - 540/ea $135.00
500 DS/DD - 510/ea $255-00
1000 DS/DD - 490/ea $490.00
The above disks manufactured by BASF — but
have no manufacturers labels.
All 5 1 /4 In. disks complete with lyvek Sleeves, ID
Labels, Write Prot. Tabs, and Reinforced Hub
Rings
Many other items available
3 1 /2 In. disks SS/DD 8c DS/DD,
High Cap AT type disks,
Ribbons for most popular printers, printer stands,
and much more.
Call or write for latest prices or our latest
catalog.
Add 5% shipping 8c handling, Illinois residents
add 7% tax.
We accept, VISA, MC, DISCOVER, Personal 8c
Company Checks, Money Orders, 8c C.O.D.
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 69
3)345 LINE(0, 180)-(255, 192) , PSET,
BF:COLOR1,0:MS$=" PRESS ANY KEY T
0 CONTINUE. . . " :MX=:3 2 :MY$="189" :G
OSUB3990:COLOR0, 1
3050 MS$= ,, FARMLAND":MX=5:MY$="17
8 " : GO SUB 3 99)3 : MS $= 11 URBAN" : MX=13 2 :
MY$="178":GOSUB3990:MS$="WETLAND
":MX=132:MY$="88":GOSUB3990:MS$=
* FOREST " : MX=5 : MY$= " 8 8 " : GOSUB3 99)3
3)355 DRAW"BM99,126" : DRAW"NU4R2BU
2U2R1D2BD2R2U4R1D4R2NU4E2U3NG1E1
H5G2NG5F4" : GET (97 , 126) - (111, 114 )
,61, G
3)356 DRAW"BM78,121":DRAW"NU4R4NR
4U4R2BU4U1R1D1BD4R2D4R4NU4E3U3NG
2E1H1U2NL1NH3U7H1L2G1D3L1H1NG2L1
G4L1G3D1G1D1G1E1U1E1U1E3R1E1R1F1
R1F3D1F1D1F1"
3)3 60 DRAW" BM175, 150" :DRAW"U18E1R
1E1F1R1F1R2F1D17L2NL6BU2U2BU4U2B
U4U2L1D2BD4D2BD4D2BD1BL3U3BU4U2B
U4U2L1D2BD4D2BD4D3BR8E1U17NG1L4 "
: GET (175, 13)3) -(186, 150) ,G3,G:PUT
(184, 129) -(195, 149) , G3 , PSET : PUT (
193,132)-(204,152) ,G3,PSET
3099 RETURN
3100 CLS: PRINT@ 2 61, "ONE MOMENT P
LEASE . . .":IFAO0THEN3140ELSEI
FOT AND64THEN3115ELSELINE(l,l)-(
126,80) , PRESET, BF:GOT03 200
3115 IFP=3AND(OT AND32) GOTO3120E
LS E I F P= 3 ORO 1=2 THENLINE ( 7 6 , 27 ) - ( 1
14,53) , PRESET, BF:GOT03 200
3120 LINE (12, 27) -(114,53) , PRESET
,BF
3125 IFP=1ORP=3THENLINE(1,50)-(1
26,80) , PRESET, BF
3140 IFAO1THEN3160ELSELINE(77,1
03) -(110,135) , PRESET, BF
3160 IFA<>3THEN3200ELSELINE(175,
129)-(204,152) , PRESET, BF
3200 IFA=0THENX=1:Y=1ELSEIFA=1TH
ENX=1 : Y=91ELSEIFA=3THENX=128 : Y=9
1
3205 DRAW " BM=X ; , - Y ; " : I FP<> 0THEN 3
300ELSEIFOT AND4THEN3 2 50ELSEIFA=
2 THEN 3 225 ELS EX=X+ 1 0 : Y= Y+ 1 2 : FORD=
Put away your manuals!
Tfie
Comprehensive
Color Computer
Anti-Clutter Kit
is here!
Two Books In One!
• Information on CoCo 1> 2, 3 commands
• Keyboard templates and stickers
• Space for writing program notes
• ASCII tables * Graphic codes •Error
messages • Sound & Play tables «More!
TO ORDER: Send $9.95 check or money order to: Eric Ackley, c/o Heritage
House Lithographers, P. O. Box 629, Wharton, Texas 77488. (409) 532-4410
Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery.
1T02 : FORD1=0TO5 : PUT (X+D1*18 , 10+ Y
+15*D) - (X+D1*18+14 , 10+Y+15*D-12 )
, Gl , AND : NEXTD1 : NEXTD
3215 I FOT AND1024THENX=X-7:Y=Y+2
3 : F0RD=1T07 : PUT (X , Y) - (X+9 , Y+12 ) ,
G4 , AND ; X=X+18 : NEXTD : GOT03 300ELSE
GOTO3 300
3225 PUT(133,40) -(147,28) ,01, AND
:PUT(234,48)-(248,36) ,G1,AND:PUT
(144,53) -(158,41) ,G1, AND: PUT (163
,55) -(177,43) ,G1,AND:PUT(182,58)
-(196,46) ,G1,AND:PUT(201,63)-(21
5,51) ,G1, AND: PUT (220, 61) -(234,49
) ,G1, AND: PUT (150, 29) -(164,17) ,G1
, AND
3226 PUT ( 169 , 28 ) - ( 183 , 16) ,G1,AND
: PUT (188, 34) -(202,22) ,G1,AND:PUT
(207,33)-(221,21) , Gl, AND: PUT (226
,36)-(240,24) ,G1,AND
3230 IFOT AND1024THENX=128:Y=7:G
0T03 5 5 5ELSEG0T03 300
3 2 50 IFA=2THEN3255ELSEDRAW"BM+15
,+43; XNQ$ ; BM+15 ,+21? XNQ$ ? BM+19 , +
9 ; XNQ$ ; "
3252 IFOT AND1024THENFORD=0TO3:P
UT(X+D*3 6+3 ,Y+37) - (X+D*3 6+12 , Y+4
9 ) , G4 , PSET : NEXTD : GOT03 300ELSEGOT
03300
3255 DRAW f, BM192,33 ;XNQ$ ;BM147 , 60
; XNQ$ ; BM2 13,68; XNQ$ ; "
3260 IFOT AND1024THENX=128:Y=9:G
0T03555
3300 IFPO1THEN3400
3305 IFOT AND8THENQQ=38:QR=30:DR
AW"BM+18 , +45 ; "ELSEQQ=18 : QR=10 : DR
AW"BM+3 8,+45;"
3310 IFA=2THENDRAW"BM+128,+23;XM
Q$ ; " : IFOT AND 10 2 4THENX=128 : Y=9 : G
OTO3555ELSE3400
3315 DRAW f, XMQ$;"
3320 IFOT AND1024THEN3555
3400 IFP<2ORP>3THEN3700ELSEIFOT
AND3 2THEN3550ELSEIFA=0ORA=1THEND
RAW" BM+ 8 3 , + 4 8 " ELS E I FA=2ANDP=2 THE
NDRAW"BM+167 , +60 ; "ELSEIFA=2ANDP=*
3 THENDRAW " BM+ 2 1 5 , + 3 0 " E LS E I F A= 3 TH
ENDRAW" BM+4 6 , +70 "
3402 IFOT AND32THEN3550
3425 IFP= S 2THENDRAWPQ$ELSEIFP=3TH
ENDRAWRQ$
3430 IFOT AND1024THENX=PEEK(200)
: Y=PEEK ( 202 ) -2 : PUT (X+5 , Y) - (X+16 ,
Y+10) ,G2 ,PSET:GOTO3700ELSEGOTO37
00
3550 DRAW"BM+50,+50;XLQ$;"
3555 IFOT AND1024THENFORD=1TO6:P
UT(X+16*D,Y+60) -(X+16*D+ll,Y+70)
,G2, PSET: NEXTD
3700 IFA=0THENMX=47:MY$= lf 88"ELSE
IFA=1THENMX=6 1 : MY$=" 178 "ELSEIFA=
2THENMX=18 1 : MY$=" 88 " : ELSEIFA=3TH
70
THE RAINBOW January 1 988
ENMX=167:MY$="178"
3705 IFP= i 0THENMS$=»/HOUSING"ELSE
IFP=1THENMS$="/SH0PPING"ELSEIFP=
2 THENMS $="/ PARK " E LS E I F P= 3 THENMS $
= "/WASTE"
3710 GOSUB 3990
3900 SCREEN1,0
3901 GOSUB304 : X=0 : Y=0 : RETURN
3990 FORDU=lTOLEN(MS$) :CH=ASC(MI
D$ (MS$ , DU , 1) ) -64 : IFCH=-18THENCH=
2 6ELSEIFCH=-17THENCH=27ELSEIFCH<
0ORCH> 2 7 THENCH=0 '
3991 DRAW"BM"+STR$ (MX) +" , "+MY$+"
;XL$ ( CH) ; " : MX=MX+7 : NEXT DU : RETUR
N
4000 CLS: PRINT© 3 5, "YOU ARE THE C
ITY PLANNER FOR THE CITY OF
USETOWN, IOWA. YOUR CITY HAS R
ECENTLY ANNEXED, OR ADDED, A NEW
PARCEL OF LAND WHICH INCLUDES
FOREST, FARM- LAND, WETLAND,
AND AN URBAN RENEWAL AREA.":
PRINT
4002 PRINT" YOU HAVE RECEIVED
A GOVERN- KENT GRANT OF $14 MI
LLION ($14,000,000) TO DEV
ELOP THIS LAND.":GOSUB300
4004 PRINT@35,"YOUR JOB IS TO DE
VELOP HOUSING, A PARK, A
SHOPPING • CENTER, AND A SOLID
WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITY,"
: PRINT
4006 PRINT" YOU HAVE ONLY $14
MILLION TO WORK WITH. THE C
OST FOR EACH TYPE OF DEVELOP
MENT WILL DIFFER DEPENDING ON
WHERE YOU WANT TO PUT IT.":GOS
UB300
4008 PRINT @ 3 5," FOR EXAMPLE, BUIL
DING HOUSES IN THE FOREST MIGHT
NOT COST THE SAME AS BUILDIN
G HOUSES ON THE FARMLAND. ":P
RINT: PRINT" ONCE YOU BEGIN TO
DEVELOP AN AREA THERE IS NO
TURNING BACK . " : PRINT
4010 PRINT" TRY TO STAY WITHIN
YOUR BUDGET. PLANNERS WH
0 GO OVER THEIR BUDGETS OFTEN
LOSE THEIR JOBS. GOOD LUCK!"
:GOSUB300: RETURN
63999 PMODE0:PCLEAR1:GOTO2
J&R ELECTRONICS
Easy, Solderless Installation
"JramR"
512K COCO 3 Memory Expansion Board. Upgrades stock 128K COCO 3 to full
512K for 0S9 Level II. Similar to RS upgrade.
Now pardner... reach for your
SIXDRIVE!
With purchase of a BANKER II or JramR
you can have a #9008 SIXDRIVE
for only
SIXDRIVE is a machine language utility that
modifies Disk Extended Basic 1 .0, 1.1, or FKEYS III
to allow the use of 3 double sided drives as 6 single
side drives without ANY hardware modifications.
FEATURES two different drive select assignments:
0)10,2] [1,3] [4,5] (2) [0,1] [2,31 [4,5]
Ramdisk c compatible wrth GIMMESOFTs SIXDRIVE
Made in U.S.A. Complete Hardware & Software
#1010
11011
11012
JM013
11014
COCO 3 ONLY
$39.95 JramR bare board plus connectors and software
$79.95 JramR kit includes all parts plus memory chips and software
$99.95 JramR assembled and tested plus memory chips and software
$19.95 JramR S/W deluxe customizable ramdisk & spooler, memory test, and
ramdisk utility programs. Compatible with all CoCo 3 51 2K.
S49.95 JramR 0K bytes (11012 less memory chips)
Readily available: User Replaceable Socketed Memory Chips, no hard-to-find SIP memories.
To place an order, write to J&R Electronics, P.O. Box 2572. Columbia, MD 21045, OR call (301)
987-9087— Jesse or (301) 788-0861— Ray.
HOURS: Weekdays 7 p.m.-9 p.m.; Sat. Noon-5 p.m. EASTERN TIME, usually, If no answer try later.
Add $4.00 shipping & handling (FOREIGN ORDERS $7.00), COD charge $3.00. Maryland residents add
5% state tax. Foreign orders must include payment on U.S. bank.
CHECKS, MONEY ORDERS OP COD'a only please (personal check— 2 weeks for clearance). IMMEDIATE
DELIVERY. Give COCO Radio Shack model #(t.e. 26-3136). Disk or Tape when ordering.
OUANTITY DISCOUNT AVAILABLE. For information on shipping or previously placed orders call (301)
788-0881 COCO II 26-31 XX ownere call (soldering experience may be required).
Refer to back issues of RAINBOW for other products.
R« A, Dm Products
1^^+ Hotchkiss Street
Jamestavin ? NY 1 1
<7J A> 665-2124
MB
R.A.D. Product! Presents TEXTFORM
Finally, a versitile text
formatter is imlibli for the Color
Computer. TEXTFORM is compatible with
all aodelt with at least 64K, even the
Color Coaputer 111. This machine
language program will format ASCII
text files into two column pages
quickly uid easily. Text nay be left
unmodified, or simply insert special
formatter commands for added control.
TEXTFORM is a versttile enhancement to
any word processing system whether you
are a casual or professional user.
Software supports:
- Output to printer or disk
- Most popular printers
- Adjustable format parameters
• Columnar data
- Multiple page titles
- Optional page numbering
- Large files (up to « full disk)
TEXTFORM comas with complete
documentation as wall as sample
format examples. Onscreen parameter
display takes the guesswork out of
format, settings. Customized parameters
may be saved to disk and reloaded for
future use, thus eliminating mistakes
and configuration time. Special
printer codes and baud rate settings
are software selectable. TEXTFORM is
programmed in a high resolution
environaont which incorporates
pull-down aenus for ease of use. The
software also supports auxilliary
peripheral input from joysticks,
mouse, touchpad, and high resolution
input pack for added program control.
This is not another word
processor. There are aany fine word
processors on the market for the Color
Computer. TEXTFORM is a user
defineablo two column text formatter.
If you are looking for a program which
will allow your Color Computer to
create professional looking documents
without hours of tedious work, then
TEXTFORM is the answer.
Ideal for:
- School newspapers
- Club newsletters
- Business reports
- Bulletins
- Advertisements
- Program listings
- And much more
System requirements:
Color Computer <64K aim
Disk drive
Printer
TEXTFORM J34.95
R.A.O. Products
194 Hotchkiss St.
Jamestown. MY 14701
(716) 665-2124
Terms: Check, Money Order. C.O.D.
NY residents add 7% sales tax
C.O.D. orders add 13.00
All orders add S3. 00 for fhippmg
All orders shipped within 24-43 hours
Express shipping available by request
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 71
the rainbow is a teaching environment and we realize that the
majority of our readers will always be beginners. In our
continuing effort to always keep the new user in mind, and in
addition to the many beginner feature articles and programs
published in every issue, "Novices Niche" contains shorter
basic program listings that entertain as well as help the new
user gain expertise in all aspects of the Color Computer:
graphics, music, games, utilities, education, programming, etc.
Beginners Blockbuster
From Scales to Mozart
By Gip Wayne Plaster
Using four major loops and three PLRY statements, you can
make one short program produce almost three minutes of
music. That's what I did with MUSI. But that's not all I wanted
to do. I wanted to improve the program and give you some
pointers on music programming at the same time. Thus, MUS2
was born.
Notice that in MUSI most of the lines are played at least
twice. Here are some tips I used to make my program better.
You should follow them in your music programs, too:
1) Use loops. One line can be played as many times as you
like, but listen to your music — if it sounds too
repetitious, cut down the loop a bit.
2) Use short lines. If a line is short, it is easier to edit, and
easier for others to type without getting lost.
3) Make sure to tie things in. If the last note of a line is
D, try to make the next note the program plays either
a D, C or E (unless you are branching out in experi-
mental directions).
4) Follow every PLRY statement with a semicolon to make
the music sound smoother.
5) Don't clutter the program with unnecessary things, as
is true for any program.
Sounds simple, doesn't it? It is. Now apply these tips and
write your own music program. See how short and entertain-
ing my second program is? It's a lot better than running up
and down the scaie as I did with MUSI. Music programs are
the easiest kinds of programs to write — there are no real
rules. Go ahead and try it.
Listing 1: MUSI
10 CLS0
20 FORL=1TO1000:NEXTL
30 PLAY"03;"
40 F0RD=1T02
50 F0RC=1T02
60 IFC=1THENF0RA=1T02
70 PLAY"T5 ; L4 ; CCCDDDEEEFFFGGGAAA
BBBAGFEDCDEFGBAAABBCCDCDCDEDED ; L
1;ED;"
80 IFC=1THEN NEXT A
90 IFC=2THENFORB=1T02
100 PLAY" LI ; CDEDC ; L2 ; DEDC ; L4 ; DED
CDEDCDEDCDEDCDEDCDDDEEECCC; 11
110 IFC=2THEN NEXTB
120 NEXTC
130 PLAY" CDDDDEEEEFFFFGGGGFEDCDE
FGGGFFFGFGFGGGFFGGGGFFGG ; "
140 PLAY"01;"
150 NEXTD
Listing 2: MUS2
10 CLS
20 PRINT@204,"*MUSIC*"
30 PRINT@227 , "WRITTEN BY GIP W.
PLASTER"
40 FORL=1TO500:NEXTL
72 THE RAINBOW January 1988
50 PLAY"02;T5;L16;DDDDCCCCDDDDEE
EEFFFFGGGGFFFFEEEEDDDDCCCCDDDDEE
EEDDDDEEEEFFFFGGGGFFEEDDCC ; "
60 PLAY"L8 ; DEFGFEDCDEFGFED ; L4 ;CD
EFGFEDC ; L2 ; DEFG ; LI ; FEDCC ; "
70 PLAY "T 8 ; LI ; DDEEFFGGFFGGDDEECC
FCDECCGGFDECCCDEFGGFCDECFGGGDECF
G;"
80 F0RA=1T02
90 PLAY 11 T5 ; L2 ; GGDDGGEEFFDDGGCC ; L
4 ; GFEDCDEFGFEDCDFFGGDDCCEEFF ; "
100 NEXT A
110 PLAY "LI ; EDC ; 01 ; GFEDCBA; "
120 PLAY"L4 ; CDEFGFEDCDEFGFDECCDE
FGGFDECCDEFFFFDEFGCDEFFGFFCDEEFG
CCDED; "
130 PLAY"L2 ; DEFGFEDCDDEEFFGGFFFF
EEEEDDDDCCCCDDDDEEEEFFFFGGGGFEDC
CCDEFGFDECFFG ; "
140 PLAY"L1;FED;T2 ;EFGFFF"
Laying II on the Line
By Keiran Kenny
Linedraw is a short graphics program that lets you draw
lines anywhere on the screen, at any angle.
You begin with a flashing cursor in the center of the screen.
Press an arrow key (just once) and the cursor will move in
the arrow direction. Press another arrow key to change
direction, or any other key (except 1 or 2) to stop movement.
Press 1 to set the beginning of a line. Move the cursor to
where you want your line to end, and then press 2 to draw
it. The flashing cursor will remain at the end of your line,
waiting for your next move.
The listing: LINEDRflW
0 ' TENLINER' : BY KEIRAN KENNY,
THE HAGUE, 1987.
10 PM0DE4 , 1 : COLOR0 , 5 : PCLS : SCREEN
1,1
20 X=128:Y=96
30 PSET(X,Y,0) :FORD=1TO30:NEXT:P
SET(X,Y,5) :FORD=1TO30:NEXT
40 IFP=94THENY=Y-1:IFY<0THENY=0
50 IFP=10THENY=Y+1:IFY>191THENY=
191
60 IFP=8THENX=X-1:IFX<0THENX=0
70 IFP=9THENX=X+1:IFX>255THENX=2
55
80 IFP=49THENH=X:V=Y
90 IFP=50THENCOLOR0:LINE(H,V) -(X
,Y) ,PSET
100 P=PEEK(135) :GOTO30
CoCo's Daring Flying Machine
By John Musumeci
Learn the secrets of flight and animation with Airplane.
The program draws an airplane flying through the air with
the greatest of ease.
The listing: AIRPLANE
10 PMODE 3,1
20 SCREEN 1,0
30 PCLS
40 DRAW "BM35,80;E15;R185;G15;L1
85"
50 DRAW "BM40,110;R185;G8;L185;E
8"
60 DRAW "BM48,75;D35"
70 DRAW "BM50,75;D35"
80 DRAW "BM63,70;D40"
90 DRAW "BM65,70;D40"
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
F13
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
DRAW "BM93,75;D35"
DRAW "BM95,75;D35"
DRAW "BM108,70
DRAW "BM110,70
DRAW "BM140,75
DRAW "BM142,75
DRAW "BM155,70
DRAW "BM157,70
DRAW "BM185,75
DRAW "BM187,75
DRAW "BM200,70
DRAW "BM202,70
D40"
D40"
D35"
D35"
D40"
D40"
D35"
D35"
D40"
D40"
DRAW "BM125,105;M68,108;U23;
BM68,102;M125,85"
CIRCLE (125, 95), 10
DRAW "BM117,90;D10;BR15;U10"
DRAW "BM100,130;H15"
DRAW "BM100,130;E15"
DRAW "BM150,130;H15"
DRAW "BM150,130;E15"
DRAW "BM100,130;R50;D2 ;L50;U
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 73
2"
300 CIRCLE (100,130) ,5'
31)3 CIRCLE (150,130) ,5
320 P$="C3 ;BM125 , 95 ;R2 ;D2 ;L2 ;U2 ;
BL4 ; U2 5 ; R8 ; D50 ; L8 ; U2 5 "
330 DRAW "A0"+P$
340 GOSUB 420
350 DRAW "Al"+P$
3 60 GOSUB 420
370 DRAW "A2"+P$
380 GOSUB 420
390 DRAW "A3"+P$
400 GOSUB 420
410 GOTO 320
420 FOR 1=0 TO 5
430 NEXT I
440 DRAW "C1;BM125,95;R2;D2;L2;U
2 ; BL4 ; U2 5 ; R8 ; D50 ; L8 ; U2 5 "
450 RETURN
CoCo Cuddler
By Bernice Shoobs
CoCo3
The cold is upon us, and winter storms can be fierce. Here
is CoCo 3 to the rescue with a winter quilt and a cuddly
companion to make your long January nights a little warmer.
The listing: PLRID
4
■
10 REM ***PLAID***
20 REM BY: BERNICE M. SHOOBS
30 REM CLIFTON, NEW JERSEY
40 'I'VE WOVEN A WARM PLAID BLAN
KET FOR YOU
50 'FOR THESE CHILLY WINTER EVEN
INGS AHEAD
60 'IF YOU DON'T LIKE TO CUDDLE
UP ALONE
70 'I'VE SENT MY VERY BEST FRIEN
D TO KEEP YOU COMPANY.
80 PMODE 3,1
90 PCLS
100 SCREEN 1,1
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
J3
270
280
06
290
5
300
310
320
FOR X=0 TO 2 50 STEP 4
FOR Y=0 TO 2 50 STEP 6
LINE (X,Y)-(Y,X) ,PSET,B
NEXT Y,X
PALETTE 11,56
COLOR 7,6
FOR X=64 TO 144 STEP 4
FOR Y= 144 TO 64 STEP -6
LINE (X,X)-(Y,Y) ,PSET ,B
NEXT Y,X
CIRCLE (108, 46) ,3, , .75
CIRCLE (106,40) ,16, ,1
CIRCLE ( 102 , 3 8 ) , 5 , , 1 . 5
CIRCLE (112, 38) ,5, ,1.5
CIRCLE (92, 28) ,9, , .75, .30,
95
CIRCLE (120, 28) , 9 , , . 75 , . 55 , . 3
CIRCLE (108, 44) , 8 , , 1 , . 12 , . 40
CIRCLE (120, 64) , 14 , , 1 . 3 , . 75 , .
CIRCLE (92, 64) , 14 , , 1 . 3 , . 50 , . 7
LINE (118, 58) -(122, 64) ,PSET
LINE (94, 58) -(90, 64) , PSET
GOTO 320
Back to Square One
By Louis Martinez
Puzzle is like those plastic games you used to dig from the
depths of the cereal box — the kind where the letters were
scrambled and you had to perform all sorts of maneuvers to
get that 'A' up there in Square One and the rest of the letters
to fall into place. Usually everything went well until you
reached T\ Then it seemed nothing would fit; to get T' into
place, you lost 'O', etc.
Now that you are older and the proud owner of a keener
mind and a Color Computer, this mental exercise should
present no challenge, right? We'll see. Type in Puzzle, use the
arrow keys to rearrange the letters, and see if you can get
back to Square One.
The listing: PUZZLE
1)3 CLSJ3
2jJ «***DEFINE LETTER ARRAY***
3j3 A=65
4j3 FOR R=l TO 5
74
THE RAINBOW January 1988
ECTOR
IS-69B
VIDEO
DIGITIZER
FOR THE
COCO 3
(AND ALL OTHER COCOS . . .)
USE YOUR COCO 3 TO ITS FULL POTENTIAL!
Use The Micro Works' DIGISECTOR™ DS-69 or
DS-69B and your COCO 3's high resolution graphics
to capture and display television pictures from your
VCR or video camera. The DIGISECTOR™ systems are
the only COCO video digitizers available that
accurately capture and reproduce the subtle shades of
gray in TV pictures!
• COLOR: Add color to your screen for dramatic
special effects.
• HIGH RESOLUTION: 256 by 256 spatial resolution.
• PRECISION: 64 levels of grey scale.
• SPEED! 8 images per second on DS-69B,
2 images per second DS-69.
• COMPACTNESS: Self contained in a plug-in
Rompack.
• EASY TO USE: Software on disk will get you up and
running fast!
• COMPATIBLE: Use with a black and white or color
camera, a VCR or tuner.
• INEXPENSIVE: Our low price puts this within
everyone's reach.
POWERFUL C-SEE 3.3 SOFTWARE
This menu-driven software
will provide 5 and 16 shades
of gray to the screen and to
the printer with simple
joystick control of
brightness and contrast.
Pictures taken by the
DIGISECTOR™ may be
saved on disk by C-SEE 3.3
and then edited by our
optional MAGIGRAPH, or by COCO MAX or
GRAPHICOM. This versatile new software is included
in both DIGISECTORS 1
»TM
DS-69B and C-SEE 3.3
DS-69 and C-SEE 3.3
$149.95
$ 99.95
I TM
TRADE IN YOUR OLD DIGISECTOR
If you already have one of The Micro Works' DS-69 or
DS-69A DIGISECTORS™, you may return it to us and
we will upgrade your unit to a DS-69B.
UPGRADE DS-69A to DS-69B
UPGRADE DS-69 to DS-69B
$49.95
$69.95
The DS-69B comes with a one year warranty. Cameras
and other accessories are available from The Micro
Works.
NO RISK GUARANTEE
If you are not completely satisfied with the performance of your new
DS-69B, you may return it, undamaged, within ten days for a full
refund of the purchase price. We'll even pay the return shipping. If
you can get any of our competitors to give you the same guarantee,
buy both and return the one you don't like. We know which one
you'll keep.
COCO 3 SCREEN
Terms: Visa, Mastercard, Check or C.O.D.
Purveyors of Fine Video Digitizers Since 1977.
P.O. Box 1110 Del Mar, CA 92014 (619)942-2400
50 FOR Ol TO 5
6J3 L$ (R, C) =CHR$ (A)
70 GOSUB 600
80 A=A+1
90 NEXT C,R
10)3 R=5 : C=5
11J3 L$(R,C)=» «
120 GOSUB 600
130 F=l
140 FOR N=l TO Ij3j3
150 E=RND ( 4 )
160 ON E GOTO 230,280,390,440
170 NEXT N
180 F=0
190 IF F=l THEN 170
200 K$=INKEY$:IF K$="" GOTO 200
210 »***MOVE LEFT***
220 IF K$OCHR$(8) THEN 270
230 IF C>=5 THEN 530
240 T=C+1
250 GOTO 310
260 »***MOVE RIGHT***
270 IF K$OCHR$(9) THEN 380
280 IF C<=1 THEN 530
290 T=C-1
300 »**MOVE LEFT/RIGHT ROUTINE**
310 L$(R,C)=L$(R,T)
320 GOSUB 600
330 L$(R,T)=" 11
340 C=T
350 GOSUB 600
360 GOTO 190
370 i***MOVE DOWN***
380 IF K$OCHR$(10) THEN 430
390 IF R<=1 THEN 530
400 T=R-1
410 GOTO 470
420 "***MOVE UP***
430 IF K$<>" A " THEN 190
440 IF R>=5 THEN 530
450 T=R+1
460 '***MOVE UP/ DOWN ROUTINE***
470 L$(R,C)=L$(T,C)
480 GOSUB 600
490 L$(T,C)=" "
500 R=T
510 GOSUB 600
520 GOTO 190
530 IF F=l THEN 150
540 PRINT @40 , "ILLEGAL MOVE";
550 FOR B=l TO 250
560 NEXT B
570 PRINT @40,STRING$(12,128) ;
580 GOTO 190
590 '***DISPLAY MOVE***
600 PRINT @68+R*64+C*3 ,L$ (R,C)+"
ii .
610 SOUND 10*R*C,1
620 RETURN
Hit Me If You Can
By Chris Gleason
You are a blinking dot, and your job is to move (using the
right joystick) directly over a stationary red dot. When you
think you have done so, press the firebutton. Don't dally,
though; you're working under a time limit. Pretend you are
a helicopter pilot who has just a few seconds to hover directly
over your target and drop some explosives. If you don't get
your job done fast, the forces on the ground will have time
to rally and shoot you down. If both dots move and your
score increases, you succeed and a new round starts. It's not
as easy as it sounds.
The listing: HITME
5 CLS0
10 E$=CHR$(128) :TIMER=0
15 F0RI=1T075 :T=INT (TIMER/60) :X=
T*100 : Q=X/60*10 : G=Q/100 : G=G*5
20 PRINT@0, "score" ;V; : PRINT@9 , "t
imer" ;FIX(G) ;
23 IF I>1 THEN 26
25 C=RND(63) :D=RND(31)
26 SET (C,D,2)
30 A=JOYSTK(0) :B=JOYSTK(l)
35 IF B>31 THEN B=31
40 SET (A,B,1)
45 E=A:F=B
48 RESET (E,F)
50 IF PEEK(65280)=126 OR PEEK(65
280) =253 THEN 100
55 NEXT I
60 PRINT§64 , "you" ;E$ ; "did" ;E$ ; "n
ot" ; E$ ; "hit " ; E$ ; " it" ; E$ ; " in" ; E$ ;
"time" ;
65 PRINT§96, "total" ;E$; "time" ;IN
T (H) ; : FORK=1TO1000 : NEXT : RUN
100 IF C=A AND D=B THEN V=V+ 1 : H=
H+G:GOTO 5
105 GOTO 55
76
THE RAINBOW January 1988
Color Connection
by BJ Chambiess
This is the most comprehensive modem package for the
Color Computer!
All are Protocols Supported including CompuServe Pro-
tocol ft XMODEM protocol, and XON/XOFF. Auto dial fea-
ture for both Hayes compatible and some Radio Shack
modems. You can use all baud rates when using the Radio
Shack Deluxe RS232 program pack! Printer baud rates are
selectable.
You can print from the buffer and files bigger than the
buffer can be uploaded and downloaded. Download di-
rect to disk with automatic XON/XOFF protocol! Single key
macros allow easy entry of often-used passwords and ID'S.
Hi-Res screens with a choice of colors are used. Afl print-
able characters available and all control characters are
supported.
RSDOS Version includes two sets, one for CoCo I and
CoCo II, the other for CoCo 3.
OS-9 Connection 3.0;
The package includes all of the features of the RSDOS ver-
sion plus runs on OS-91 Versions for both Level I and Level
Hare included. RS232 pak is required.
RSDOS Disk
OS-9 Disk
S 49,95
549,95
Also available from Radio Shack
through Express Order Software
Screen Star
by Scott Cabit
Data Master
by BJ Chambiess
Simplify with pull-down menus
All options are available from anywhere in the program.
To make it even simpler, each menu option can be invoked
by a single characterl
Dialog boxes
Pop-up windows display current settings and available
choices.
Unique LIST display format
You view data in easy-to-read rows & colOmns. From this
easy-to-read screen you may edit your data, without hav-
ing to exit. Mass changes are a snapl
For even more power, use an access key to selectively dis-
play a subset of records and can change them right on the
screenl
Compatibility with OS-9 Profile & Data Bank
You won't lose any of your valuable data!
Easy Expansion
with re-definition of records and transfer of files.
Elements & Records:
Each record can contain up to 512 characters used within
35 elements. Elements are defined as: alphanumeric
(descriptive data), math (real numbers including dollars &
cents}, date, and derived (formulas calculated from other ele-
ments in the same record]. You can store any type of data
using these field types!
Also available from Radio Shack
through Express Order Software
Screen Star implements the popular WordStar editing
capabilities. If you know WordStar you already know how
to use Screen Star!
• Edit files larger than memory since Screen Star uses the
disk as an extension of memory.
• Block Commands - with a keystroke you can mark the
start and end of a block, then move, copy, or delete the
block.
• Cursor Movement is easy with an array of commands to
move left or right one character, or one word, or one line;
scroll forward or back one line, one screen, one block;
jump to the start or end of the line or the screen, block,
or file.
• Find & Find/Replace Commands make mass changes and
searches a snap.
• Pop-Up Help Menus are as close as a keystroke,
Closing Commands let you exit the editor with or with-
out save, and can import or export files whenever you
need them.
Smart Speller is included.
Parameter commands personalize your environment.
Access the OS-9 Shell.
Up to 10 functions keys can be defined by CoCo 3 users
for fast, repetitive functions.
Use with the Text Formatter for a full word processing
team. Simply imbed the Text Formatter commands in your
Screen Star file and it will be printed in style!
Level 1 & Level 2 are supported and both versions are
included.
Requires OS-9 Disk
With Text Formatter
S49.95
S 74,95
Call or Write to:
call or write today for
FREE Catalog
Display & Entry Screens
Design up to 9 different screen formats for data display
and data entry for each data base. This is helpful for access-
ing your data for different purposes.
Sorts & Selections:
Up to 9 different access keys can be defined. These are
used for displaying data on the screen or selecting data for
printing. You may use several levels of sorts as well as logi-
cal operators to select just the right data. A powerful generic
search is also available.
Reports:
See your data any way you want by designing your own
reportsl Data Master offers easy-to-use tools to design pro-
fessional reports including report headings, titles, column
headings, automatic page numbers, column totals, and
more. Store up to 9 report formats for each data base.
File Management
Built-in file management capabilities allow easy file
manipulation for transferring data files, renaming data files,
expanding data files, and more.
Upload/Download
Data Master can read and write standard sequential files
which aids in data transfer between DynaCalc and many
others.
Full keyboard ease
taking full advantage of the CoCo 3's cursor and function
keys.
OS-9 accessible
Even while operating within Data Master.
Requires OS-9 Level II,
CoCo 3, 512K
$64.95
OS-9 Text
Formatter
Also available from Radio Shack
through Express Order Software
An easy way to get beautiful documents and letters with
OS-9, Text Formatter interfaces with any editor that pro-
duces standard ASCII text files.
Features include left and right Justification, page breaks,
special spacing, automatic pagination, automatic page
numbering, centering, indenting, tabs, and sending
escape and control codes to your printer as well as sophis-
ticated headers and footers, Special functions include
macros for often used sequences, relative arguments, up-
per and lower case modes, nonprintabie remarks, and morel
Requires OS-9
COMPUTERWARE < 6, *» 436 * SI2
Box 668 • Enclnltas, CA • 92024
Name -
Address
City
Sc^te
512K COMBO Package
We've put together a combination package of everything you need to expand to
5I2K and priced it special to make it impossible to resistl The package includes:
• 51 2K Memory Board with prime, 120 ns memory chips and easy instructions.
• 51 2K Ramdlsk & Diagnostics Software package for RSDOS.
• Specifications on the important GIME chip (plus a number of additional pages
of CoCo 3 technical details that we think you'll find interesting.)
512K Combo Package
OK Combo Package
(no chips in board)
$114.95
S 54.95
Yesl Send me your FREE catalog! CoCo □
VISA MasterCard
Card # ;,, „,;;,;,;,„■,,,„: . , <\ :
■Signature ■ ■ : — ; '■„;■;. —
Item
Format
Price
Shipping
Surface — $2 minimum.
2% for orders over $100
Air or Canada — $5 minimum
5% for orders over SfOO
Checks are delayed for bank clearance
6% Calif Sales Tax
Shipping*
TOTAL
— —
Color Creator CoCo 3
By Adam Breindel
When Tandy released the CoCo 3 with its 64 colors, most
everyone celebrated, glad that graphics could be realistic
without having to resort to artifacting and other complex
graphics tricks.
But some CoCo 3 owners, me included, felt that some
colors were missing or insufficiently represented — brown,
for instance. Greedily, we wanted yet more colors and shades.
I began to wonder just what kinds of video tricks could be
accomplished with the CoCo 3's 640-by-192 graphics and an
RGB monitor.
Through experimentation I found that colors can literally
be blended onscreen, as paint can be blended to produce
different colors and shades. This is done very simply by
alternating pixels of one color with pixels of another. In high
resolution, it is difficult for your eye and brain to separate
the alternating pixel patterns, so you begin to see a new color.
My program, Colormix, blends colors and illustrates the
programming of this process. Colormix requests two-digit
codes for the colors you want to blend (e.g., enter '8' as "08").
It is helpful to have your color chart handy. This program
works best with an RGB monitor.
The listing: COLORMIX
5 'Rainbow Color Mix
6 'BY ADAM BREINDEL
7 'COPYRIGHT (C) 1987
9 ON BRK GOTO 1000
10 H SCREEN 4 : PALETTE 0 , 0 : PALETTE
.l,63:HCOLOR 1,0:HCLS
20 HPRINT (10,0) , "Rainbow Color
Mix" : HPRINT (12,1), "by Adam Brei
ndel " : HPRINT (14, 2) , "Copyright (
C) 1987":HPRINT (2 , 5) , "Backgroun
d color (Mix color #1) ?":R=6
30 FOR Q=l TO 2
40 Q$=INKEY$:IF Q$="" THEN 40 EL
SE AA$=AA$+Q$: HPRINT (9+Q,R) ,Q$
50 NEXT Q
60 IF SBR=1 THEN RETURN
70 B=VAL (AA$):AA$=""
80 HPRINT (2,7) , "Foreground colo
r (Mix color #2) ?":R=8:SBR=l:GO
SUB 30:F=VAL (AA$)
90 PALETTE 0,B: PALETTE 1,F:HCLS:
HPRINT ( 3 1, 0 ), "Rainbow Color Mix
" : HPRINT (35,2) ,STR$(F)+" ON "+S
TR$(B)
95 FOR Y=40 TO 6J3 STEP 2
100 FOR X=*318 TO 3 30 STEP 2:HSET
(X,Y,1):HSET (X+l, Y+l, 1) :NEXT X
110 HLINE (318,70)-(331,90) , PSET
,BF
120 A$=INKEY$:IF A$="" THEN 120
ELSE RUN
1000 HSCREEN 0 : SCREEN0 : CLS : END
A Smooth Operator
By John Blochowiak
CoCo 3
Smoothy gives your 128K CoCo 3 a screen scrolling
capability in the 40-column mode, making scrolled listings
easily readable.
Run SMOOTHY, load a long basic program, and see the
results when you list it. You shouldn't have any trouble
reading the listing as it scrolls by. LIST, DIR and PRINT are
the most useful basic commands that are affected by the
program. If you want to return to normal operation, just
press the reset button.
It is difficult to read ordinary listings because of the way
they are scrolled: The screen jumps up the length of one
character (eight pixels) when the screen is full. If you were
able to move the screen up by more gradual steps (one pixel
at a time instead of eight), it would appear to scroll more
smoothly and become easier to read. With the help of a few
features on the CoCo 3, Smoothy does just that.
The secret to this program lies in memory locations 65,436
to 65,438, which directly control the video display generator.
Location 65,436 changes the scan-line offset register, while
locations 65,437 (MSB) and 65,438 (LSB) change the screen
start register. By poking the numbers 0 through 7 at location
65,436, you can offset the character screen from zero to seven
scan lines (zero to seven pixels).
The listi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ng: SMOOTHY
*******************
* *
* SMOOTHY/BAS *
* By *
* John Blochowiak *
* *
*******************
COPYRIGHT (C) 1987
100 WIDTH 80 : PALETTE 0,0
110 CLS 1 : ATTR 3,0 : WIDTH 40
78 THE RAINBOW January 1988
^^^^^^•^ — AH ° f CUf 0S * 9 P rodu C t *i:
^JfciJfc&Sxg work with: V
sS8Sa3S5SS8Sg&wsSSBSSaS5*fe3Sfr3SSSfed8Si» OS-9 version 1 Si
> OS-9 version 2 V:
J OS-9 Level 2 B
• Menu oriented
• Upload/download. Ascii
or XMODEM protocol
• Execute OS-9 commands
from within XTERM
XTERM
OS-9 Communications program.
• Definable macro keys
• Works with standard serial port, RS232
PAK, or PBJ 2SP Pack, Includes all drivers.
• Works with standard screen. XSCREEN,
WORDPAK or DISTO 80 column board.
$49.95 with source $89.95
XDIR &
XCAL
Hierarchial directory
OS-9 calculator
• Full sorting
• Decimal, Hex, Binary
• Complete pattern matching
- +, /, AND.OR, XOR, NOT
$24.95
with source $49.95
XDIS
OS-9 disassembler
$34.95 with source $54.95
HARDWARE
512k memory upgrade
$80.00
Printers
Citizen 120D
CALL
Star NP10
CALL
XWORD
OS-9 word processing system
- Works with standard text screen, XSCREEN, WORDPAK, or DISTO
• True character oriented full screen editing
• Full block commands
• Find and Replace commands
• Execute OS-9 commands from within
■ Proportional spacing supported
■ Full printer control, character size, emphasized, italics,
overstrike, underline, super/sub-scripts
■ 10 header/footers
• Page numbering in decimal or Roman numerals
■ Margins and headers can be set different for even and odd pages
$69.95 with source $124.95
XMERGE
Mail merge capabilities for XWORD
$24.95 with source $49.95
XSPELL
OS-9 spelling checker, with 20000 and 40000 word dictionaries
$39.95
XTRIO
XWORD/XMERGE/XSPELL
$114.95 with XWORD/XMERGEsoure«1 99.95
XED
OS-9 full screen editor
$39.95 with source $79.95
SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING
This sales-based accounting package is designed
for the non-accounting oriented businessman. It
also contains the flexibility for the accounting ori-
ented user to set up a double entry journal with an
almost unlimited chart of accounts. Includes Sales
Entry, transaction driven Accounts Receivable and
Accounts Payable, Journal Entry, Payroll Disburse-
ment, and Record Maintenance programs. System
outputs include Balance Sheet, Income Statement,
Customer and Vendor status Reports, Accounts
Receivable and Payable Aging Reports, Check Reg-
ister, Sales Reports, Account Status Lists, and a
Journal Posting List, $79.95
INVENTORY CONTROL/SALES ANALYSIS
This module is designed to handle inventory control,
with user defined product codes, and produce a detailed
analysis of the business* sales and the sales force. One
may enter/update inventory data, enter sales, run five
sales analysis reports, run five inventory reports, set up
product codes, enter /update salesman records, and
update the SB AP inventory. $59.95
PAYROLL
Designed for maintaining personnel and payroll
data for up to 200 hourly and salaried employees
with 8 deductions each. Calculates payroll and tax
amounts, prints checks and maintains year-to-date
totals which can be automatically transferred to the
SBA package. Computes each pay period's totals
for straight time, overtime and bonus pay and det-
ermines taxes to be withheld. Additional outputs
include mailing list, listing of employees, year-to-
date federal and/or state tax listing, and a listing of
current misc. deductions. Suited for use in all states
except Oklahoma and Delaware. $59.95
-LTu - M\ru-u , \rLn-A/tAi'-rj'TL-rL"L*-*-*u' twsitl". — fk ." i — .1 . — . 1 — " ~u — <H -
PERSONAL BOOKEEPING 2000
■ •
•
j Handles 45 accounts. Enters cash expenses as ;
! easily as checks. Handles 26 expense categories, j
j Menu driven and user friendly. $39.95 •
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Includes detailed audit trails and history reports
for each customer, prepares invoices and monthly
statements, mailing labels, aging lists, and an alpha-
betized customer listing. The user can define net
terms for commercial accounts or finance charges
for revolving accounts. This package functions as a
standalone A/R system or integrates with the Small
Business Accounting package. $59.95
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
Designed for the maintenance of vendor and A/P
invoice files. The system prints checks, voids
checks, cancels checks, deletes cancelled checks,
and deletes paid A/P invoices. The user can run a
Vendor List, Vendor Status report, Vendor Aged
report, and an A/P Check Register. This package
can be used either as a standalone A/P system or
be integrated with the Small Business
can
Accounting Package.
$59.95
MICROTECH
1906 Jerrbld Avenue
Dtaltr Inquiries ' lliw^v; : :^
Author Submissions acc*pf«i
mm
Ordering Information
Add $3.00 shipping & handling, MN residents add 6% sales tax.
Visa, Mastercard, COD (add $2.50), personal checks.
(612) 633-6161
120 FOR A = 449536 TO 449589
13) 3 READ B : LPOKE A,B : NEXT A
14) 3 FOR A = 63572 TO 636)3)3
15) 3 READ B : POKE A, B : NEXT A
160 CLEAR 2)30,32768 : NEW
17) 3 DATA 2)34,1,25,183,255,156,14
2,32,0
18) 3 DATA 16,142,40,0,238,129,239
,161
190 DATA 140,39,208,37,247,76,25
3,255
200 DATA 156,129,7,38,232,142,32
,0,238
210 DATA 136,80,239,129,140,39,4
8,37
220 DATA 246,189,248,123,206,0,2
4,255
230 DATA 255,156,53,230
240 DATA 52,102,182,254,4,129,80
,16,38
250 DATA 67,161,142,32,0,236,137
,0,160
260 DATA 237,129,140,46,96,37,24
5,141
270 DATA 12,53,230
Adjusting Your Monitor ™
By Ken Ostrer
Color Tester lets you know if your color settings are
adjusted properly. Colored bars are drawn on the screen and
labeled as the color they are supposed to be. It is best to use
this program with a color composite monitor or TV; with an
RGB monitor, it tries to convince you that gray is red.
The listing: COLRTEST
10 CLS0:PRINT§8, "color tester";:
E=5 : F0RW=1T08 : FORX=5T025 : FORY=E
TO E+5:SET(Y,X,W) : NEXTY , X : E=E+7 :
PRINT@W+7 , CHR$ ( PEEK (W+7+1024 ) +64
) ; : NEXTW: PRINT@16 , "STER" ; :FORY=l
T09 : READA$ ( Y) : A$ ( Y) =A$ ( Y) +" "+S
TRING$ ( 3 , Y-l+48 ) : NEXTY
20 DATABLACK, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, R
ED , BUFF , CYAN , MAGENTA , ORANGE : Y=64
: F0RQ=1T09 : Y=Y-1*ABS (Q/2=INT (Q/2
) ) : FORX=lTO LEN (A$ (Q) ) : PRINT@Y+3
2*X,MID$(A$(Q) ,X,1) ; :NEXTX:Y=Y+4
: NEXTQ
30 GOTO30
Happy (Un)Birthday to You!
By J. T. Smiley
Chances are 364 times out of 365 that this isn't your
birthday. But do you know how old you really are? Don't
look so smug. Birthday tells you how old you are right down
to the second. Try not to feel uncomfortable when running
this program — 504,576,000 seconds old, for instance, is just
a drop in the bucket. According to American average life
expectancy, a person of that age would have approximately
1,892,160,000 seconds left to live.
The listing: BIRTHDAY
10 CLS : PRINT§8 , "HAPPY BIRTHDAY'S
ii
20 DIM M(12)
30 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT "ENTER TODA
Y'S DATE:"
40 PRINT " (MONTH, DAY, YEAR) "
50 INPUT M,D,Y:GOSUB 180:N=T
60 PRINT: PRINT "AND YOUR BIRTHDA
yil
70 INPUT M,D,Y:GOSUB 180:B=T
80 K=N-B
90 PRINT: PRINT "YOU ARE ";K/3 65;
" YEARS OLD"
100 PRINT K" DAYS,"
110 PRINT K*24" HOURS,"
120 PRINT K*24*60" MINUTES AND,"
130 PRINT K*24*60*60" SECONDS OL
D! ! !"
140 RESTORE: FOR 1=1 TO 12: READ
D$ : NEXT
150 LET X=B-7* (INT(B/7))
160 FOR Z=l TO X : READ D$ : NEXT
170 PRINT "ALSO, ":PRINT "YOU WE
RE BORN ON A " ; D$ ; "DAY ! " : END
180 RESTORE : T=0
190 X=Y-1901:A=INT(X/4)
200 T=T+A+(365*X)
210 FOR 1=0 TO M-l :READ M(I)
220 IF Y/4=INT(Y/4) THEN M(2)=29
230 T=T+M(I) : NEXT I
240 T=T+D: RETURN
250 DATA 0,31,28,31,30,31
260 DATA 30,31,31,30,31,30
270 DATA TUES,WEDNES,THURS,FRI,S
ATUR , SUN , MON
80 THE RAINBOW January 1988
«< GIWJESOFT »>
A new generation of Color Computer products
MULTI-LABEL III
(CoCo 111 only)
An easy to use, versatile label creating program including
many new Co Co III features. Even if you already own a
label program, this one's a must for the 3!
(See July '87 review) Disk $16.95
Custom Palette Designer
(CoCo III only)
Easily alter the contents of any palette without having to
remember numbers or colors! Once configured, all sixteen
palettes can be saved to disk as a single subroutine which
may then be used in a basic program.
(See Aug. '87 review) Disk... $14.95
CoCo Max III
(CoCo 111 only)
INTRODUCING the next generation:
More resolution! / More power! / More color!
Built in animation! / More speed! / More tools!
More type styles! / Amazing color sequencing!!!
Complete package $79.95
MPI-CoCo Locking Plate
(CoCo III only)
Protects your CoCo III and Multi Pak Interface from
destroying each other! Installs in seconds. MPI 26*3124 &
CoCo III 26-3334 only. Just $9.95
FKEYS III
(CoCo l/ll/lll)
A user friendly, user programmable function key utility
that creates up to 20 function keys. Other features
include an EDITOR, DOS mods, and DISABLE. Comes
with an enhanced CoCo III version and it's EPROMable.
(See April '87 review) Disk (latest version) $19.95
SIXDRIVE
(CoCo l/ll/lll)
This machine language utility modifies DECB 1.0, 1.1,
FKEYS III, or ADOS to allow the use of 3 double-sided
drives (or 2 D/S drives and J&R's RAMDISKS) as 6
single-sided drives without ANY hardware mods. Includes
2 selectable drive assignments and it's EPROMable.
Disk... $16.95
With purchase of FKEYS III..... $12.95
With purchase of any JrarnR. $ 9.95
JramR 512K Upgrade
(CoCo III only)
#1010 JramR bare board, connectors, and
software $39.95
#1014 JramR assembled and tested with software,
without memory chips $49.95
#1012 JramR assembled and tested with software,
512K memory...... $99.95
(See June '87 review)
PYRAMIX
(CoCo III only)
This 100% machine language arcade game was written
exclusively to take advantage of your CoCo 3. The colors
are brilliant, the graphics are sharp, and the action is hot!
You'll enjoy hopping Kubix around the pyramid as he
changes the colors of the blocks, but you'll have to avoid
Kaderf, Smack, Smuck, and the Death Square!
Disk $19.95
CHAMPION
(CoCo l/ll/lll)
Become a superhero in your fight to rid the world of the
evil forces of Mr. Bigg in this action adventure. The
combat is hot and heavy and requires a fast joystick! The
graphics and sound effects are sensational! Defend the
innocent and defeat the villainous; be a true Champion!
(See May '87 review) Disk. $19.95
J. * UTILITY PACKAGE :
FKEYS HI, MULTI-LABEL 111, Custom Palette Designer,
and SIXDRIVE. Save Over $25! All 4 for.. $42 50
: GRAND SLAM : :1>EAL, ;: . V ; : ; ;^
FKEYS ilil MULTI-LABEL 111, Custom Palette Designer •
SIXDRIVE, JramR #101 £ /^^l^: jH, : mi^iX;
Kuri^Fu Du^
lota! regular price $3^
Kung-Fu Dude
(CoCo l/ll/lll)
This is the long-awaited response to the huge demand for
a Kung-Fu program for the CoCo. The graphics and
sound effects are spectacular! The action and animation
will please even the most die-hard arcade enthusiast.
Destroy your opponents and evade obstacles as you grow
even closer to your ultimate objective!
Disk $24.95
White Fire of Eternity
(CoCo l/ll/Hl)
Enter the age of monsters, magic, and adventure. Here
you will search for the legendary power of White Fire
throughout the Forbidden Wood and dark caverns of the
Mount. Discover what adventuring on the CoCo is all
about!
(See Dec. '86 review) Disk ... $19.95
If any of our ^ currently
advertised ^
price : we x M note
that
$er#}j^
Teohnlca! assistance: 7pm to 9pm
Orders: 9am to 9pm Eastern time
On-line orders and up to date
Information: Delphi's CoCo Slg
GIMMES0FT
P.O. Box 421
Perry Hall, MD 21128
301-256-7558 or 301-256-2953
Add $2.50 for shipping and handling
Add $2.00 for COD's
MD residents add 5% sales tax
VISA/MC/Check/Money Order/COD
Improve Your Typing Skills I 4K
By Brent Dingle
Typer is a short program designed to improve your
keyboard ing skills. When you run the program, you are asked
for the skill level you want to start with; however, this level
goes up or down depending on how well you do.
A model of your keyboard, complete with letters and
numbers, appears on your screen. Each letter or number has
a black box above it. Watch the screen carefully! If one of
the black boxes turns red, you must press the appropriate
key, and do it fast. It will stay red only a very short time,
and the time gets shorter as the levels get higher. If you press
the correct key in time, a beep sounds and 10 points are added
to your score. If you miss, five points are subtracted. But
dont despair, your score will never drop below zero!
As you press more correct keys, letters will begin disap-
pearing from the screen, but their boxes will remain. If the
box above the missing letter turns red, you still must press
the letter, or lose five points. The letters will return if you
have difficulty.
The listing: TYPER
5 DIM L$(36) ,L(36) ,M$(500) , J(36)
:B$=CHR$ (128)
10 CLS: INPUT" DIFFICULTY PLEASE.
(0- EASY, 10- ALMOS
T IMPOSSIBLE) 11 ;DF: PRINT: PRINT "PR
ESS ANY KEY TO BEGIN."
15 A$=INKEY$:IFA$=""THEN15
20 FOR T=l TO 3 6 : READ L$(T),L(T)
:NEXT T
3J3 CLS3 : F0RT=1T036 : PRINT@L (T) ,B$
; :PRINT@L(T)+32,L$(T) ; : NEXTT
50 PRINT§458, "SCORE : ";SC;:S=RN
D(36) :L$=L$(S) :L=L(S)
55 IF DF>8 AND S<11 THEN S=S+10:
L$=L$(S) :L=L(S)
60 PRINT@L,CHR$(191) ;
70 FOR K=l TO 100-DF*5:A$=INKEY$
:IF A$=L$ THEN 90 ELSE IF A$=" A "
THEN 150 ELSE NEXT K
75 SC=SC-5:IFSC<0THEN SC=0
80 PRINT§L,B$; :M=M+1:M$(M)=L$:NM
=NM+1 : IF NM>20 THEN DF=DF-1:NM=0
82 J(S)=J(S)-1:IF J(S)<-2 THEN P
RINT@L+32 ,L$;
85 GOTO 50
90 NM=NM-1: SOUND 100, 1:SC=SC+10:P
RINT@L, B$ ;
92 J(S)=J(S)+1:IF J(S)>2 THEN PR
INT@L+32,CHR$(175) ; : J(S)=0
95 IF NM>-30 THEN 50 ELSE DF=DF+
1:NM=0:GOTO 50
100 DATA 1,33,2,36,3,39,4,42,5,4
5,6,48,7,51,8,54,9,57,0,60
110 DATA Q, 129, W, 132, E, 135, R, 138
, T, 141, Y, 144, U, 147, I, 150,0, 153, P
,156
120 DATA A,226 / S,229,D,232,F,235
, G, 238, H, 241, J, 244, K, 247, L, 250
130 DATA Z,323,X,326,C,329,V,332
,B,335,N, 338,M,341
150 CLS:PRINT"YOU MISSED ";M;" T
IMES.": PRINT "YOU SCORED ";SC;" P
OINTS . " : FORX=1TO500 : NEXTX : PRINT"
HERE ARE THE LETTERS YOU MISSED.
(PRESS <SHIFT> AND <@> KEYS TO
STOP - IF NEEDED) "
160 FOR T=l TO M: PRINT M$(T);" "
; : NEXTT
170 PRINT: INPUT "PLAY AGAIN";Q$:I
F LEFT$ (Q$ , 1) ="Y" THEN RESTORE :R
UN ELSE END
to**"*
I Owe, I Owe I ™
' ECB
By Bill Bernico
This short, efficient program helps you calculate your
monthly payments, whether for a new house, a car, a college
loan or that 10,000 Mb mainframe you've been dreaming
about.
All you have to do is answer the prompts, and the program
will display the monthly payment amount. Press ENTER again
at that point and the screen displays the payments broken
down into three categories: interest amount each month,
principal amount and total payment.
The listing: PAYMENTS
1 'PAYMENTS by Bill Bernico
2 CLS : INPUT "AMOUNT BORROWED" ; A: I
NPUT "MONTHS TO PAY" ;B: INPUT "INTE
REST RATE" ; C : C=C* .01/12 : E= (A*C* (
1+C) A B)/( (1+C) A B-1) : D=0 : F=0 : G=0 :
PRINT "MONTHLY PAYMENT=" ; : H=INT (E
*100+ . 5) /100 : PRINTH: GOSUB7 : CLS : P
RINT" MONTHLY PAYMENT WAS $";H:G
OSUB8 : FORJ=lTOB
3 IFJ/11=INT (J/11) THENGOSUB7: CLS
: PRINT" MONTHLY PAYMENT WAS $";H
82 THE RAINBOW January 1988
the Color Computer Word Processor
■ 3 display formats: 51/64/85
columns x 24 lines
■ True lower case characters
■ User-friendly full-screen
editor
■ Right justification
■ Easy hyphenation
■ Drives any printer
■ Embedded format and
control codes
■ Runs in 16K, 32K, or 64K
■ Menu-driven disk and
cassette I/O
■ No hardware modifications
required
THE ORIGINAL
Simply stated, Telewriter is the most powerful
word processor you can buy for the TRS-80
Color Computer. The original Telewriter has
received rave reviews in every major Color
Computer and TRS-80 magazine, as well as
enthusiastic praise from thousands of satisfied
owners. And rightly so.
The standard Color Computer display of 32
characters by 16 lines without lower case is
simply inadequate for serious word processing.
The checkerboard letters and tiny lines give you
no feel for how your writing looks or reads.
Telewriter gives the Color Computer a 5 1
column by 24 line screen display with true
lower case characters. So a Telewriter screen
looks like a printed page, with a good chunk of
text on screen at one time. In fact, more on
screen text than you'd get with Apple II, Atari,
TI, Vic or TRS-80 Model III.
On top of that, the sophisticated Telewriter
full-screen editor is so simple to use, it makes
writing fun. With single-letter mnemonic
commands, and menu-driven I/O and
formatting, Telewriter surpasses all others for
user friendliness and pure power.
Telewriter's chain printing feature means that
the size of your text is never limited by the
amount of memory you have, and Telewriter's
advanced cassette handler gives you a powerful
word processor without the major additional
cost of a disk.
...one' of the best programs for the Color
Computer I have seen...
— Color Computer News, Jan. 1982
TFXEWRITER-64
But now we've added more power to
Telewriter. Not just bells and whistles, but
major features that give you total control over
your writing. We call this new supercharged
version Telewriter-64. For two reasons.
64K COMPATIBLE
Telewriter-64 runs fully in any Color Computer
— 16K, 32K, or 64K, with or without Extended
Basic, with disk or cassette or both. It
automatically configures itself to take optimum
advantage of all available memory. That means
that when you upgrade your memory, the
Telewriter-64 text buffer grows accordingly. In
a 64K cassette based system, for example, you
get about 40K of memory to store text. So you
don't need disk or FLEX to put all your 64K
to work immediately.
64 COLUMNS (AND 85!)
Besides the original 51 column screen,
Telewriter-64 now gives you 2 additional high-
density displays: 64 x 24 and 85 x 24!! Both
high density modes provide all the standard
Telewriter editing capabilities, and you can
switch instantly to any of the 3 formats with a
single control key command.
The 51 x 24 display is clear and crisp on the
screen. The two high density modes are more
crowded and less easily readable, but they are
perfect for showing you the exact layout of
your printed page, all on the screen at one
time. Compare this with cumbersome
"windows" that show you only fragments at a
time and don't even allow editing.
RIGHT JUSTIFICATION &
HYPHENATION
One outstanding advantage of the full-width
screen display is that you can now set the
screen width to match the width of your
printed page, so that "what you see is what
you get." This makes exact alignment of
columns possible and it makes hyphenation
simple.
Since short lines are the reason for the large
spaces often found in standard right justified
text, and since hyphenation is the most
effective way to eliminate short lines,
Telewriter-64 can now promise you some of the
best looking right justification you can get on
the Color Computer.
FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS:
Printing and formatting: Drives any printer
(LPVII/VII1, DMP-100/20G, Epson, Okidata,
Centronics, NEC, C. Itoh, Smith-Corona,
Terminet, etc).
Embedded control codes give full dynamic access to
intelligent printer features like: underlining,
subscript, superscript, variable font and type size, dot-
graphics, etc.
Dynamic (embedded) format controls for: top,
bottom, and left margins; line length, lines per page,
line spacing, new page, change page numbering,
conditional new page, enable/disable justification.
Menu-driven control of these parameters, as well as:
pause at page bottom, page numbering, baud rate (so
you can run your printer at top speed), and Epson
font. "Typewriter" feature sends typed lines directly
to your printer, and Direct mode sends control codes
right from the keyboard. Special Epson driver
simplifies use with MX-80.
Supports single and multi-line headers and automatic
centering. Print or save all or any section of the text
buffer. Ch;tin print any number of files from cassette
or disk.
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
File and I/O Features: ASCII format files —
create and edit BASIC, Assembly, Pascal, and C
programs, Smart Terminal files (for uploading or
downloading), even text files from other word
processors. Compatible with spelling checkers (like
Spell *n Fix).
Cassette verify command for su'-e saves. Cassette auto-
retry means you type a load command only once no
matter where you are in the tape.
Read in, save, partial save, and append files with disk
and/or cassette. For disk: print directory with free
space to screen or printer, kill and rename files, set
default drive. Easily customized to the number of
drives in the system.
Editing features: Fast, full-screen editor with
wordwrap, block copy, block move, block delete, line
delete, global search and replace (or delete), wild card
search, fast auto-repeat cursor, fast scrolling, cursor
up, down, right, left, begin line, end line, top of text,
bottom of text; page forward, page backward, align
text, tabs, choice of buff or green background,
complete error protection, line counter, word counter,
space left, current file name, default drive in effect,
set line length on screen.
Insert or delete text anywhere on the screen without
changing "modes." This fast "free-form" editor
provides maximum ease of use. Everything you do
appears immediately on the screen in front of you.
Commands require only a single key or a single key
plus CLEAR.
...truly a state of the art word processor...
outstanding in every respect.
— The RAINBOW, Jan. 1982
PROFESSIONAL
WORD PROCESSING
You can no longer afford to be without the
power and efficiency word processing brings to
everything you write. The TRS-80 Color
Computer is the lowest priced micro with the
capability for serious word processing. And
only Tclcwriter-64 fully unleashes that
capability,
Telewriter-64 costs $49.95 on cassette, $59.95
on disk, and comes complete with over 70
pages of well-written documentation. (The step-
by-step tutorial will have your writing with
Telewriter-64 in a matter of minutes.)
To order, send check or money order to:
Cognitec
704 Nob Street
Del Mar, CA 92014
Or check your local software store. If you have
questions, or would like to order by Visa or
Mastercard, call us at (619) 755-1258 (weekdays,
8AM-4PM PST). Dealer inquiries invited. (Add
$2 for shipping. Californians add 6% state tax.)
Available at Radio Shack
via express order
Coming Soon
Telewrifer-128
for the Color Computer 3
:G0SUB8ELSEK=A*C:I=E-K:IFJ=B THE
NI=A:K=E-I
4 PRINTUSING"### ###,###.## ###
#.## ####.##»;J;A;K;I;:D=D+K:F=
F+I+K: G=G+I : A=A-I : NEXT J : PRINT : PR
INT" (HIT ANY KEY TO CONTINUE)
:EXEC44539: PRINT: PRINT" total
total total"CHR$(128)
"of interest principal payme
nts"; :PRINTSTRING$(32,45) ;
5 PRINTUSING"###, ###.## ###,###.
## ###,###• ##"7D;G;F:PRINTSTRING
$ ( 3 2 , "-" ) ; : PRINT "RUN THIS PROGRA
M AGAIN (Y/N)?";
6 A$=INKEY$ : I FA$ = " Y " THENRUNE LS E I
FA$= " N " THENCLS : ENDELSE6
7 PRINT@484 , "HIT ANY KEY TO CONT
INUE"; :EXEC4 453 9: RETURN
8 PRINT" mo. princpl interest
princpl # owed payment
payment" ; STRING $ (32 , 45) ; : RETURN
Financial Planning for Your Future
By Paul Ruby, Jr.
CoCo Saver is designed to help you create and analyze a
savings plan for your future. Just enter the initial deposit of
a savings account you already have or one you are planning
to start.
To make a savings plan work, it is necessary to make
regular deposits into the account. CoCo Saver is able to
calculate weekly and monthly deposits. When you are
prompted, enter the initial deposit, the amount of the regular
deposits, how long you plan to keep your savings account
and the current interest rate. The program presumes that the
interest is compounded daily, meaning that the bank pays you
interest for each day your money is in the bank.
After you have answered all of CoCo Saver's questions,
it will display the amount of money you will have saved for
each of the years. Experiment with the interest rates and the
payment amounts; you may find the results interesting.
Remember, the time to save for the future is now.
The listing: C0C05RVR
113 REM ************************
20 REM ** COCO SAVER **
30 REM ** PROGRAMMED BY: ** .
40 REM ** PAUL RUBY, JR. **
50 REM ** **
60 REM ** COPYRIGHT (C) 1987 **
70 REM ************************
80 CLS
90 PRINT@75 , "COCO-SAVER" ;
100 PRINT© 12 9, "PROGRAMMED BY: PA
UL RUBY, JR.";
110 PRINT@199, "COPYRIGHT (C) 198
7"
120 PRINT@490 , "PRESS ANY KEY";
130 IFINKEY$=""THEN130
140 CLS: PRINT "INITIAL AMOUNT OF
" : INPUT "SAVINGS" ; ST
150 PRINT
160 PRINT "MAKE <W>EEKLY OR <M>ON
THLY" : INPUT "DEPOSITS (W/M) " ;DP$
170 IF DP$0"W"ANDDP$0"M"THEN 1
60
180 IF DP$="W"THENDP=7
190 IF DP$="M"THENDP=30
200 INPUT"AMOUNT OF DEPOSIT" ;AD
210 INPUT"# OF YEARS TO SAVE";YR
220 INPUT" % EARNINGS (5% IS .05)
" ; PC
230 AM=ST:CT=l:CLS
240 PRINT© 4 80, "STARTING AT";:PRI
NTUS ING" #######.##"; ST: PRINT " DEP
OSITS OF"; :PRINTUSING" #######.##
" ; AD : PRINT "A. P.R. OF " ; PC : PRINT " S
AVE FOR ";STR$ (YR) ;" YEARS"
250 IF DP$="M"THENPRINT "MONTHLY
DEPOSITS "ELSE IF DP$="W"THENPRIN
T"WEEKLY DEPOSITS"
260 FOR A=l TO YR
270 FOR B=l TO 365
280 PRINT@480,"YR";A, :PRINTUSING
"#######. ##";AM;
290 IF CT=DP THEN AM=AM+AD: CT=1
300 AM=AM+ (AM* (PC/365) )
310 CT=CT+1
320 NEXT
330 PRINT
340 NEXT
Submissions to "Novices Niche" are welcome from everyone.
We like to run a variety of short programs that can be typed in
at one sitting and are useful, educational and fun. Keep in mind,
although the short programs are limited in scope, many novice
programmers find it enjoyable and quite educational to improve
the software written by others.
Program submissions must be on tape or disk. We're sorry,
but we cannot key in program listings. All programs should be
supported by some editorial commentary, explaining how the
program works. If your submission is accepted for publication,
the payment rate will be established and agreed upon prior to
publication.
84
THE RAINBOW January 1988
dic t i on a ry
r h
I I
This glossary is intended as an aid
to help bridge the gap between
normal English and "comput-
erese." All too often, "computer people"
have been perceived as belonging to
some kind of priesthood that spouts a
litany of "secret words" and incanta-
tions to appease some unknown being
behind the computer-room door. But
we are not a priesthood, we're simply
folks. And computers are not gods, but
tools. If you learn to speak the lingo,
youll find computers very friendly and
helpful.
ASCII (ask-ee) an acronym that stands for
"American Standard Code for Information
Interchange." It's a standard eight-bit informa-
tion code used by most microcomputers and
data terminals. Many systems use only seven
of the eight bits, providing a total of 128
possible characters, including upper- and
lowercase letters, punctuation, numbers,
spacing, and machine or control commands.
Adventure a game that allows interaction
between computer and player, usually a Dun-
geons & Dragons type of game involving a
quest.
assembly a low-level programming language.
(See formats, external)
auto-answer/ auto-dial modem features that
take some of the tedium and bother out of a
Lee Veal lives in Rowlett, Texas, and is
employed by Texas Software Support
Subdivision of Garland, Texas, where
he oversees installation, implementa-
tion and maintenance of system soft-
ware for Garland's NAS/6650.
computer user's daily routine. Modems
equipped with "auto-answer" automatically
"pick up" the phone when it "hears" the phone
ringing. The "auto-dial" feature allows the
automatic dialing of phone numbers by the
modem. A program can send all the necessary
codes and numbers to the modem that will
instruct it to dial the number. (See hand-
shaking routine)
auto baud detect a modem feature that auto-
matically detects the speed at which data is
being received from a sending modem. This
feature is present only on modems that support
more than one speed. (See Baud and BPS)
BBS See bulletin board system
BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code) an easy-to-use language
that is likely the world's most popular pro-
gramming language. Today, we have dialects
("versions") of BASIC for each computer. The
CoCo has several versions of BASIC: Color
basic, Extended Color basic, CoCo 3 basic or
"Super" Extended Color basic and basico9.
basic is easy to learn, and many dialects are
so flexible that some programmers never find
it necessary to learn other programming
languages.
BASIC interpreter a collection of routines
whose job it is to edit, enter and run a basic
program. (See formats, internal)
Baud and BPS (Bits Per Second) the rate at
which bits (binary digits) are sent down a line.
The terms "baud" and "bits per second" are
nearly synonymous. The most common baud
rates for home computers are 300 and 1200.
The most common baud rates for commercial
use are 2400, 4800, and 9600. At 300 baud a
bit is transmitted every 1/ 300th of a second,
which translates to about 25 to 30 bytes per
second. At 9600 baud a bit is transmitted every
1/ 9600th of a second, and that translates to
about 800 to 960 bytes per second.
bit See byte
bug any mechanical, electrical or electronic
defect that interferes with the operation of the
computer. A defect in a program's coding is
also referred to as a "bug." There are some who
would say that there are no "bugs" in pro-
grams, only "undocumented features." Oh,
well, a rose by any other name. . .
bulletin board system (BBS) an online "mes-
sage board" computer users can "sign onto"
using a modem and communications software,
which is generally formed by computer clubs
and monitored by a SysOp. It is similar to an
information network, but works on a smaller
scale.
burn the process of programming a ROM
chip. The process is called "burning the chip"
or "blowing the chip." There are two types of
programmable ROM chips readily available:
PRO Ms (Programmable Read-Only Memory)
and EPROMs (Erasable Programmable Read-
Only Memory). The reason for burning code
into ROM is to prevent users from accidentally
or intentionally changing the canned code.
Plus, it provides a very convenient and inex-
pensive way to supply a computer user with a
lot of useful software without the need for a
disk drive or cassette recorder.
byte the basic unit of computer memory. In
"computerese," a byte is the smallest address-
able piece of information in a computer's
memory. A byte is composed of eight binary
digits (bits). A value from 0 to 255 can be stored
in one byte. These values may be interpreted
as letters, or as part of a number; it all depends
on how a program defines and uses data. A
notation called "hexadecimal" is often used to
express the values (alphabetic or numeric) of
a byte's contents. And, yes, someone many
years ago determined that half of a byte was
a "nybble." Even though the term "nybble"
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 85
appeared in a few computer textbooks, it never
really caught on. (No teeth, 1 guess.)
C
C a programming language. (See formats,
external)
CPU (Central-Processing Unit) extracts and
executes machine language instructions that
reside in ROM or RAM. The speed at which
the CPU does its work is called the processor
clock speed, and it is usually measured in
megahertz (MHz).
Centronics a printing standard quite prevalent
in the computer industry. Many computers
come standard with Centronics-compatible
printer ports. This standard has been adopted
almost universally in the computer industry.
The Centronics standard entails, among other
things, an eight-bit parallel data transfer from
the computer to the printer. The cable that
links the two devices is a 34-wire cable, so many
other signals are being passed between the two
devices. However, the main feature of the
Centronics standard is the eight-bit parallel
data transfer. (See parallel)
COBOL a high-level programming language.
(See formats, external)
CoCo short for Tandy Color Computer.
commands instructions to the computer, e.g.,
LIST, DIR, LOAD, RUN, SKIPF, PRINT, etc.
compiler a special program that converts
programs written in languages such as COBOL
or pascal to an executable form. Among other
things, a compiler checks your source pro-
grams for language syntax errors. Incidentally,
correcting all of your program's syntax errors
is not a guarantee that your program will work.
The logic of your program determines that.
(See formats, internal)
Composite video a signal that includes both
the actual video information and the synchro-
nizing pulses. This is the type of signal used to
drive most monochrome monitors and many
color monitors; it's very similar to a broadcast
TV signaJ, but the CoCo's output does not
meet broadcast standards.
CompuServe See information network.
cursor a pointer or marker on a computer's
video screen that marks where the next char-
acter will be placed when a key is pressed by
the user. A cursor can appear in many forms:
solid block, underscore, wedge, or just about
any other shape. A cursor can blink or it can
be a steady display. On some of the new
graphics generation programs, the cursor may
be replaced by arrows that point to icons. (See
icon)
daisy wheel printer See printer •
Delphi See information network
86 THE RAINBOW January 1988
directory a "table of contents" of the pro-
grams/files on a disk.
disk See diskette
disk drive controller a hardware device that
routes and translates commands from a ma-
chine language input/ output (I/O) routine to
an actual disk drive unit.
disk drive a specialized device that reads and
writes data to a disk and requires a very
sophisticated routine to control its operation.
Under the direction of a controller, a disk drive
arranges disk data into sectors and tracks. The
number of tracks per disk, number of sectors
per track, and number of bytes per sector and
track vary from system to system. (See SSDD,
transfer rate, TPI)
diskette a type of storage medium that consists
of a magnetically coated diskette, or disk,
housed in an envelope. The coating is similar
to the coating used on standard recording
tapes, which have been around for years. The
disk has several distinguishing characteristics.
The actual recording medium (the part inside
the envelope) has a hole in the center to
accommodate the disk drive hub and at least
one small timing hole.
Editor's Note: A disk drive spins the diskette
at about 300 RPMs. Hard to believe, isn't it?
(For more detailed information, see William
Barden's "Delving Into the CoCo Disk" on
Page 180 of this issue.)
dot-matrix printer See printer
download to receive files from another
computer via modem or a hard-wired connec-
tion.
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-On ly
Memory. (See burn)
F
file another word for "program," or part of a
program, stored on disk or cassette.
floppy disk See diskette
formats, external the formats in which the
program appears to the programmer. If a
programmer uses basic, the external format
looks like basic. The same is true for any other
programming language. The term "external
format" is synonymous with "programming
language." Programming languages fall into
one of three levels: low, intermediate and high.
Low-level languages are very close to the
internals of the machine for which it is de-
signed, and are generally referred to as assem-
bly languages. Assembly languages are very
detailed languages, and, therefore, much
harder to master. Generally speaking, assembly
languages do not transport from one system to
another very easily since they are so closely
linked to the architecture of the host machine.
Trying to transfer an assembly language
program from one computer to another would
be like trying to use gasoline in a diesel engine
— it just won't work! Some similarities do exist
among the different computers' assembly
languages, but transportability is not their
strong suit.
Intermediate-level languages are often
referred to as program generators. At this level,
specifications that define the input, processing
and output to be done must be provided by
you, the user. dBASE ///is an example of this
type of "programming" language. Actually,
many database managers probably fall into
this category.
High-level languages are distinguished by
their transportability, standardization and
ease of use. These languages are far removed
from the internal architecture of the host
computer. Some popular high-level program-
ming languages include COBOL (COmmon
Business Oriented Language), FORTRAN
(FORmula TR ANslation), pascal and FORTH.
The only language I know of that seems to
fall into both the low- and high-level categories
is C. C has facilities that allow the programmer
to access the machine-related information, if
necessary. It can be very far removed from the
host machine, too. C's language syntax can be
very detailed or very general.
The relative performance (slowest to fastest)
of programming languages is hard to gauge
because of many variable factors. Generally,
the friendlier the language, the slower it is. If
a programmer codes only a few lines to
produce a long list of formula iterations,
chances are the language is relying on canned
routines to do a lot of the work. The program-
ming time is reduced, but the run time is
probably increased.
formats, internal the formats in which the
program appears to the computer: tokenized
(slowest), intermediate and machine language
(fastest).
Tokenized is the form in which BASIC pro-
grams are held in a computer's RAM (Random
Access Memory). In the hierarchy of internal
formats, this is the simplest, but also the most
removed from the actual machine language
and, therefore, the slowest. The process of
tokenizing what is "human-readable" is usually
performed by routines in ROM (part of the
BASIC interpreter). For instance, a PRINT
command would be reduced to a one-character
code followed by a literal (the stuff in quotes)
or the variable names whose values are to be
printed. While tokenizing may seem to be an
unnecessary step, it is done in the interest of
speed and memory economy. It would take
longer for the basic interpreter to decipher the
word PRINT than it would to decipher a one-
character code. Also, it would take more space
in your computer's memory to store PRINT
than it would the corresponding character
code.
It is very easy to misunderstand this process
because all the programmer ever sees on the
screen is nicely formatted BASIC statements,
just as they were entered. That is merely an
illusion, another function of the text editor.
While the text editor tokenizes the BASIC
statements you enter, it also detokenizes them
back to "human-readable" form, as when you
call up a list.
Intermediate code is similar in some ways to
tokenized code. Intermediate code still re-
quires a run-time interpreter, but interpreting
intermediate code is much faster than inter-
preting straight tokenized code, resulting in
faster run times.
A compiler is used to convert your source
program to intermediate code. Some software
vendors refer to intermediate as i-code or p-
code.
Machine language code> or object code is
the fastest and most concise of all internal
formats. Like intermediate, its code, too, must
be created by a compiler. The source code
(usually human-readable languages such as
COBOL, pascal, basic, C, forth and As-
sembler) is input to the compiler and converted
to the corresponding machine language code.
Some high-level language compilers produce
machine language code and others produce
intermediate code.
formatting preparing a disk to be written to,
establishing tracks and sectors.
FORTH a high-level programming language.
(See formats, external)
FORTRAN a high-level programming lan-
guage. (See formats, external)
H
hand-shaking a routine used to determine if
contact has been established between two
communication points, such as computers
connected by modems.
hard disk drive inflexible and permanently
mounted drives within the computer (or its
own housing), which have many characteristics
in common with disk drives on a mainframe.
The capacity for this type of drive is measured
in megabytes (a megabyte, or Mb, is one
million bytes). Their capacities range from
5Mb to 30Mb in 5Mb increments. These drives
transfer data to the CPU much faster than any
regular disk drive. The disk platters contained
within the unit are coated with essentially the
same type of coating used on floppy disks,
magnetic tapes and other magnetic storage
media.
hardware the mechanical part of a computer
system: the computer itself and all its peripher-
als — disk drives, cassette recorder, printer,
modem and monitor, etc. — anything that is
not software.
Hertz one cycle per second. The cycle can be
anything ranging from a power plant genera-
tion cycle to a radio station broadcast fre-
quency to a CPU processor rate.
Heinrich R. Hertz, a German physicist
invented a generator that produced current
flow in one direction only. Another type of
generator caused electric current to flow
alternately in both directions. One is called
direct current (DC); the other is called alter-
nating current (AC). Most homes in the U.S.
receive electrical power from a power plant
that generates alternating current. The rate at
which the current changes directions is meas-
ured in hertz. The electric current flowing
through a standard light bulb in your home
changes directions 60 times every second
(that's 60 Hz). The appliances in your home,
such as microwaves, TVs, washers, dryers, etc.,
should all have a plate bradded to them that
tells you, among other things, that that piece
of equipment operates at 60 Hz.
AM radio stations broadcast in the kilohertz
(kHz) range (kilo means thousand). FM radio
stations broadcast their signals in the mega-
hertz range (mega means million). That's a
million cycles, per second.
A CPU's speed is measured in MHz. That
means that if a CPU's speed is listed as 4.7
MHz, then four million seven hundred-
thousand CPU cycles occur in one second.
hexadecimal the base 16 numbering system,
which is used to express many computer-
related values. Our base 10 numbering system
ranges from 0 through 9, but Hex ranges from
0 through 15. Since we do not have single-digit
numbers to represent the numbers 10 through
15, the letters A through F are used to depict
these digits. Hex is a shorthand form of binary;
therefore, the use of Hex is preferable to using
long strings of zeros and ones as in binary.
icon a picture on a menu bar depicting an
object or procedure that can be selected with
a mouse or joystick.
information network a computer network that
services many users, nationwide or even
worldwide. At the heart of the network there
is usually a complex of computers that stores
information on a broad spectrum of topics,
covering just about everything from human
sexuality to movie reviews. Some of them even
have a "CB" channel so that users can dial into
online CB conversations. They also have
Special Interest Groups (SIGs) for just about
anything you could imagine. Programs can be
uploaded to and downloaded from them. The
most well-known information networks are
Delphi (see Page 122), CompuServe and The
Source. A user needs a modem, a telephone,
communications software and a subscription.
Input/Output commonly called I/O, a general
term for equipment used to communicate with
a computer. It can also refer to the act of
transferring data to or from a computer. (See
program)
J
joystick an input device which, when attached
to the computer system, can be polled to
determine the stick's position. Joysticks have
for many years been used with computer
games. Recently, however, many "legitimate"
applications have been implemented that make
use of them for input to business-related
programs. (See mouse)
K
K a somewhat arcane symbol that simply
means 1,000. In "computerese," however, it
means 1,024. Therefore, a 64K computer
actually has 65,536 bytes of memory, not
64,000.
kermit communications protocol for upload-
ing and downloading.
leased line telephone lines that are for data
communications only.
laser printer See printer
letter-quality printed text that looks as if it
were produced on a typewriter. NLQ (Near
Letter-Quality) usually refers to output pro-
duced by dot matrix printers having very high
dot resolution. Daisy wheel printers are usually
referred to as being letter-quality. (See printer)
M
machine language (ML) See formats, internal
memory a computer's actual internal storage.
All mathematical operations are performed
with data that is held in memory. Data stored
on disk must be brought into a computer's
memory before it can be manipulated in any
way. Generally, microcomputer memory is
contained in chips called dynamic RAMs. The
term "dynamic" means that the memory chips
must have a constant source of power. When
the micro is turned off, the power to the
dynamic RAMs is eliminated, and all data in
that memory is lost. Static RAMs are availa-
ble, but they are more expensive than dynamic
RAMs. (See RAM)
modem a device that converts a computer's
digital signals to audio signals. A modem is
attached between a computer system and a
telephone line. A modem modulates (converts
to audio) and demodulates (converts to digital)
signals. If a computer user needs to commu-
nicate with another computer system across
town or across the nation, a modem is essen-
tial.
Here is a simple explanation of what is going
on when data is being transmitted down a
telephone line: The sending computer sends a
"start bit" down the line, which tells the
receiving modem that more bits are about to
be sent. Then the sender transmits each data
bit contained in the byte that needs to be
transmitted. The last data bit is followed by a
"stop bit." Sometimes the sender transmits two
"stop bits" instead of one. A bit called a "parity
bit" may also be used. Both the sender and
receiver must know what format is being used
— otherwise, chaos reigns supreme. The
number of bits sent for each byte of data varies
from 10 to 12 bits (1 start bit, 7 or 8 data bits,
possibly 1 parity bit, and 1 or 2 stop bits).
motherboard the main printed circuit board in
a computer, the board from which all other
"life" in the computer springs.
mouse a high-precision input device that
provides a way to move a pointer (cursor)
around on a computer's screen. The device
usually consists of a roller ball encased in a
housing that contains the necessary circuitry to
indicate the ball's position. The mouse may
also have one or two push buttons. When
pressed ("clicked"), these buttons may indicate
to the program in memory that a certain
function needs to be performed. If a computer
can input data from an analog joystick, then
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 87
a mouse will probably work, too. The "mov-
ing" and "clicking" functions associated with
the mouse cannot be done unless the program
resident in memory is designed to accept input
from a mouse. A mouse is not a magic input
device; it must be supported by the computer
system as well as the resident program. If your
computer and program are not designed to
accept input from a mouse, then it will be quite
useless.
online database See information network
OS-9 a multiuser, multitasking operating
system designed to allow greater flexibility for
the user. An operating system is a group of
programs (software) which allows the user to
communicate more easily with the computer
and its associated peripherals. OS-9 allows
more than one person to use a single computer
at the same time. It also allows more than one
process (program) to run at the same time. The
major difference between OS-9 Level I and OS-
9 Level II is in memory support. Level I is
designed to operate on 64K systems while
Level II, through the use of memory manage-
ment techniques, can utilize much more mem-
ory. An example would be Level II running on
a512K CoCo 3.
parallel a method of data transfer. Parallel
transfer implies that more than one bit at a time
is transferred. The most common width used
in parallel transfers on micros is eight bits.
That is, a data path eight bits wide is used to
transfer data from one device to another. (See
serial, transfer rate)
PASCAL a programming language. (See
formats, external)
pixel a picture element of your screen. A
computer's video display is broken down into
a specific number of pixels, which are points
on a video screen that can be controlled by the
computer to be either off or on. The resolution
of a computer's video output is expressed in
pixels. If a computer is said to have a video
resolution of 320 by 200, then it has 320
horizontal pixels and 200 vertical pixels, and
the entire screen has 64,000 pixels that can be
used to build graphics displays.
port circuitry within a device that is designed
to handle some type of data or signal transfer.
printer a device that turns video output into
printed output. There are basically three types
of printers: daisy wheel, dot matrix and laser.
A daisy wheel printer is characterized by its
ability to produce letter-quality output. The
name "daisy wheel" comes from the print
wheel's resemblance to a daisy. Each of the 100
to 124 "petals" on the daisy has a printable
character on the end of it. When the computer
sends the printer an *x\ the printer spins the
daisy wheel until the V is positioned in front
of the print hammer. The hammer then fires,
slamming the "petal" against the printer's
roller, thereby effecting a transfer of ink from
the ribbon to the paper in the form of an 'x\
The dot-matrix printer is characterized by
the somewhat "computer-looking" appearance
of its text. Printing is accomplished by the
controlled firing of a column of tiny wires. As
the print head travels across the page, the wires
are fired, thereby pressing their tips against the
ribbon and paper. Each firing produces only
part of a character; rolling the paper up while
a line is being printed illustrates this fact. Most
dot-matrix printers have a nine-pin configura-
tion although some have only seven or eight,
and many newer models have 18 or 24 pins.
Using more pins puts the dots closer together
and increases resolution.
Laser printers are fairly new, but work on
a similar principle. Instead of firing pins,
however, they create an image by firing a laser
beam at a light-sensitive drum or belt; this
image is then transferred to paper as it would
be in a copier. Laser printer text and graphics,
with a typical resolution of 300 dots per inch,
approaches the quality of that produced by
more expensive typesetting systems; this has
given rise to the newest computer trend of
desktop publishing.
program a computerized set of instructions, or
the act of writing one. The act of programming
is the process in which a "programmer" writes ,
instructions that will ultimately cause a com-
puter to execute a predetermined cycle that
produces a product or performs a particular
function. There are two major aspects to a
program: its source (input) and object (out-
put).
A source program is a programmer's input
to a compiler and is written in a language that
lends itself to modification. Source programs
are written in symbolic form. This symbolic
form lends itself well to modifications that
must be made to the program. Writing in a
symbolic language (such as cobol, pascal,
etc.) frees the programmer to think about how
to solve a problem rather than how to make
the program communicate with the computer.
An object program is the output produced
by a compiler after a source program has been
compiled. The object is considerably more
compact and concise than the source program.
This form of the program is usually in machine
language, and it is this version of the program
that actually runs on the computer. All data
and instructions have been completely resolved
as to their location in memory.
RAM (Random Access Memory) a type of
computer memory that may contain data,
tokenized basic code, various types of inter-
mediate code or actual machine language.
Programs or data may be loaded from disk,
tape or keyboard into RAM. The contents of
RAM can be modified, whereas the contents
of ROM cannot.
RGB video the red, green and blue video
signals in an RGB system that are kept sepa-
rate; the synchronizing pulses are usually
separate from the video signals, as well (as in
the case in the CoCo 3). RGB video provides
much better quality than composite color
systems because none of the detail information
is lost in transmission.
ROM (Read-Only Memory) a type of memory
that contains canned routines provided by a
computer manufacturer, a third-party soft-
ware vendor, or a user who has "burned" his
or her own ROMs. Some examples of the types
of routines in ROM are basic language inter-
preters; peripheral device drivers; complex
mathematical routines; utility commands, such
as directory displays, file copying, deleting,
renaming functions, disk initialization and
graphics commands (CIRCLE, LINE, PAINT,
DRAW, etc.); memory; and machine diagnostics.
(See burn)
routine or subroutine specialized sequences of
instructions within a program that perform a
specific function.
People use routines daily and so do comput-
ers. Neither can function without them. For
instance, "getting ready for work" is a routine,
and shaving, showering and dressing are all
subroutines within the whole process. It is very
similar in a computer program. A program
may have a routine to write a payroll check,
which is supported by several subroutines that
do things like calculate gross pay, Social
Security deduction and withholding, and
determine if insurance is to be deducted this
pay period, etc.
RS-232 a Recommended Standard for data
communications. Basically, it has to do with
pin or wire function designations within a 25-
pin cable. Manufacturers of equipment that
use the RS-232C standard are not compelled
to adhere to the standard to the nth degree. It
is for this reason that it is wise to purchase data
communications equipment from a source that
is knowledgeable about your computer and
modem.
SSSD, SSDD, DSDD the recording toleran-
ces for a specific disk and/ or drive. These
initials represent several terms: SSSD, Single
Sided, Single Density — used on some early
Apple computers; SSDD, Single Sided, Dou-
ble Density — used on the CoCo, Commodore
and Atari; DSDD, Double Sided, Double
Density — used by IBM PC/XTs, PC/ATs,
and clones.
"Sided" indicates the number of sides that
a disk manufacturer guarantees to be usable.
However, it has been my experience that many
brands of SSDD disks work just fine for
DSDD operations. I have heard and read
several other testimonials bearing witness to
the fact that, in most cases, SSDD disks will
work in a DSDD drive.
"Density" refers to the distance between the
bits of data on the disk. The coating on a DD
disk is good enough to tolerate a much closer
88 THE RAINBOW January 1988
fit. Depending on their manufacture date,
disks marked "SD" may not have a high
enough quality coating to tolerate DD record-
ing. (See TPI)
sector the smallest addressable and transfer-
able unit of data on a disk.
Serial a method of data transfer. Serial data
transfer implies a sequential data transfer one
bit at a time. Modems transfer data serially
down a telephone line. Many printers accept
data from a computer serially, too. (See
transfer rate)
SIG Special Interest Group (See information
network)
software programs stored on disk, cassette,
ROM chips, etc.
standards conventions formed by a committee
or by a manufacturer who has a clear market
edge on a product — everyone else simply must
fall in line. Standards are not laws, but most
computer manufacturers generally don't
muddy the water by crossing up their systems.
And if a manufacturer wants to sell to a wide
consumer base, it will not usually deviate too
far from the standard.
stepping rate the time expressed in millisec-
onds (thousandths of a second) for how long
it takes to move a floppy disk drive's access
mechanism from one track to an adjacent one.
The lower the number, the faster the stepping
rate. The most common stepping rates are 6,
12, 20 and 30 ms.
SysOp someone who sets up and monitors a
BBS.
TPI a density designation of Tracks Per Inch.
For disk drives it indicates the distance from
one track to the next. For disks it indicates the
density tolerance. A disk marked as 48 TPI is
intended for use on a 40-track drive. A disk
marked as 96 TPI is intended for use on an 80-
track drive. A 96 TPI disk could be used on
a 40-track drive, as long as other drive and
sector characteristics were compatible.
third-party products purchased from someone
other than your computer's manufacturer. If
you have an Epson printer attached to your
CoCo, then your printer is a third -party piece
of hardware. If you run a copy of Telewriter
on your CoCo, then you are running third-
party software.
tokenized the process by which high-level
languages are made understandable to the
computer. (See formats, internal)
track areas organized to hold data on a disk,
arranged in concentric circles.
transfer rate the speed at which data is trans-
ferred from the CPU to a disk drive or any
other peripheral device. Speeds vary depend-
ing on many factors, but the primary factor is
the simultaneity — that is, how many bits are
sent at a time. An eight-lane highway allows
more cars to arrive at their destination in an
hour than does a one-lane highway.
U
upload to send files to another computer via
modem or hard-wired connection.
V
voice-grade line standard telephone lines that
may also bf used for data couinmnications.
X
Xmodem a communications protocol for
uploading and downloading.
Y
Ymodem a communications protocol for
uploading and downloading. /R\
PROGRAMS
for PEOPLE
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Legend and history. It Is often
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Mr. Corey
Place: Island in the Pacific.
Time: 10 minutes into the future.
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CoCo CHECKBOOK
More than a checkbook maintenance program. Handles budgeting,
cash and teller machine transactions and automatic bank payments.
Customizable with up to 64 expense accounts of your own choosing.
Reconciles your checkbook with your bank statements; summarizes transactions
by account, month or YTD, and permits searches on every field.
Up to 1,500 transactions on a single disk system.
An easy to use menu driven program $25.00 plus $2.50 shipping and handling.
See review in Oecember 1987, Rainbow Magazine.
CoCo ADDRESS BOOK ,
A mailing list manager, a personal phone book and an address book
all 1n one program.
The address book will store, sort, retrieve or print mail labels, either
the whole file or one at a time, for friends, family or acquaintances.
A year round help but especially helpful during holiday seasons.
You can search the file on the last name, city, state/province, zip code,
telephone area code or remarks.
Up to 100 name/file and 78 files/disk. An easy to use menu driven program.
A printer is recommended but not required.
$20.00 plus $2.50 shipping and handling.
MASTER DISK VERSION 2.1
A computerized catalog of program names and disk names.
Each entry in the catalog has the program name, extension and a 9 character
disk name.
To find that special program look 1t up in the alphabetized listing on the
screen or a printout or have your Co Co search for 1t by name.
Program names can be loaded by the disk full or entered 1 at a time.
Up to 250 program names per file and up to 18 files per disk.
An easy to use menu driven program A printer is optional.
$15.00 plus $2.50 shipping and handling
See review in January 1968 Rainbow Magazine
ALL PROGRAMS REQUIRE 32KCoCo 1,2 or 3 and 1 DISK DRIVE
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
BOB'S SOFTWARE
P.O. BOX391 CLEVELANO T OHIO 44107
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 89
Wish i ng Well
16K ECB
LA- «.\
Know What I Mean?
By Fred B. Scerbo
Rainbow Contributing Editor
Editor's Note: If you have an idea for
the " Wishing Well, "submit it to Fred
c/o THE RAINBOW. Remember, keep
your ideas specific, and don 't forget
this is BASIC. All programs resulting
from your wishes are for your use,
but remain the property of the au-
thor.
hile I sat there all confused.
All by myself. Soon after I
knew.
Does anything make sense yet? Of
course not. I just started this month's
column with three sentence fragments.
None of them form a complete thought
by themselves, but with a little reword-
ing, all of them could be made to make
perfect sense.
You would be amazed at the number
of students who have difficulty recog-
nizing sentences and sentence fragments
— sometimes even my students have
trouble distinguishing them. (I often
find compositions full of fragments;
however, this usually indicates the
students have not proofread their
work.)
With the fragment problem in mind,
I designed this month's program, Sen-
tence Fragments. It is the combination
of a number of requests from parents
and a few tips from some of my fellow
instructors.
Fred Scerbo is a special needs instructor
for the North Adams Public Schools in
North Adams, Massachusetts. He holds
a master's in education and has pub-
lished some of the first software avail-
able for the Color Computer through
his software firm, Illustrated Memory
Banks.
Optional Speech
The most frequent request I receive is
for programs to work with the Tandy
Speech / Sound Pak. A number of CoCo
users who own the Pak are quite upset
about the lack of serious software for it.
Therefore, in the past year I have tried
to make as many of my programs as
possible able to use the Pak. Besides, it
gives you one more opportunity to show
your friends what your CoCo is capable
of doing. Sentence Fragments permits
speech, but does not need it to operate.
In fact, you may prefer not to have it
talk. The voice can get on your nerves
after a while. Still, it makes a nice
option for younger students just learn-
ing to read.
The Program
Written in Extended Color BASIC,
this program should easily fit into a 1 6K
machine. However, if you add your own
data, you may need to do a PCLEflRl in
order to have enough free memory.
Right now, with 50 short examples, the
program has only a few bytes to spare
without the PCLEflR command.
In a nutshell, the program presents a
statement and asks the user whether it
is a complete sentence or a sentence
fragment. The user responds by press-
ing C for Complete Sentence or S for
Sentence Fragment.
The screen then indicates whether the
response is correct or incorrect. If the
response is correct, the screen can be
advanced to the next example by press-
ing ENTER.
If the statement is a complete sen-
tence, then the program will simply
show the next statement. However, if
the statement is only a sentence frag-
ment, the screen will give an example of
how the fragment can be changed into
a complete sentence and make a com-
plete thought. This is probably the
program's best feature. Students often
cannot tell what is missing from a
sentence fragment. Therefore, this
feature helps to reinforce a better under-
standing of sentence closure.
Running the Program
When you run the program, a famil-
iar title screen appears. Press T for
Talking or N for No Talking. The rest
of the program is self-explanatory.
Pressing the @ key shows your score.
You may return to where you left off by
pressing C for Continue.
After the last problem has been pre-
sented and answered, the scorecard
appears. You may repeat the program
by pressing Y for Yes or stop by pressing
N for No. Each time the program is run,
the material is presented in a different
order.
Meeting Your Needs
You may put your own samples into
DATA statements and resave the pro-
gram in order to have different versions
or levels of this material. The program
will hold a maximum of 50 problem
statements. To add your own data, first
type DEL1000-4999 and press ENTER to
dump the present data. The last DATA
line should always be 5000 DATA
END , END, END.
Data is entered simply. First, you
present the statement. Next, indicate
whether it is a complete sentence (C) or
a sentence fragment (S). The third piece
of data in a line is the conclusion to a
statement if it is a fragment or an "OK"
if the statement is a complete sentence
(no ending is needed to make it a
complete thought).
90 THE RAINBOW January 1988
1
The format should look like this:
1000 DATA statements or
S, conclusion or Dl<
Here is an example of a complete sen-
tence:
1000 DATA I AM VERY HAPPY, C, OK
Data entry for a fragment would look
like this:
1000 DATA SINCE IT STARTED
RAINING, S, I HAVE BEEN SAD
Notice that you do not use periods at
the end of the first statement. This is
done to prevent giving away any clues
or making it too difficult to tack some-
thing onto the end of a fragment. Ques-
tion marks may be used, however.
Be sure to use quotes to surround any
data that may have commas in it. Check
Line 1300 for an example. Save your
own data with different filenames. In
time, you may have a very, large library
of custom software.
Conclusion
I would like to give a special thanks
to fellow teacher Nancy Horsefall for
coming up with the sample data for this
program. Nancy is using this program
with her own students now. In fact, it
was partly her idea to use some of the
lyrics and song titles you see in the data.
That's part of what makes the program
so much fun. Thanks, too, to all of you
who keep sending your ideas. That's
what makes this column possible, □
V \ 45 30 1070
150 78 1210
270 197 1330
360 133 END
440 139
216
.84
172
101
The listing: SENTENCE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
REM
REM
REM
REM
REM
REM
REM
REM
************************
* RECOGNIZING COMPLETE *
SENTENCES & FRAGMENTS*
BY FRED B.SCERBO *
60 HARDING AVE. *
NORTH ADAMS, MA J31247 *
COPYRIGHT (C) 1987 *
************************
*
*
*
*
*
9 CLEAR2000
10 CLS0:FORI=1TO64 :PRINTCHR$ (172
) ; : NEXT
15 F0RI=1T0192:READA:PRINTCHR$(A
+128) ; :NEXT
20 DATA94, 92, 92 ,88,53,60,60,53, 6
0, 56, 59, 48, 58, 60,61,60,56,62,60,
53,50,53,53,60,60,53,60,56, ,94,9
2,92
25 DATA90, ,, ,52,60,61,53,56, ,58,
57,58, ,53, ,48,62,48,53,52,55,53,
, ,53,56, , ,90, ,
30 DATA94, 92, 92, ,52,60,60,52,60,
56,56, ,56, ,52, ,48,60,60,52,48,52
,52,60,60,52,60,56, ,92,92,93
35 DATA90, ,94,92,93,85,92,92,93,
Sculptor
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Easy to learn.
80% Reduction in development time.
Reliable proven software - in use by over
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Works with MS-DOS, Unix, Xenix, VMS, OS9, QNX and more.
100% Portable to over 90 machines - Micros to Mainframes.
OS9 LEVEL II SPECIAL $295
FHL
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770 James St. - Syracuse, NY 13203 - 315/474-7856 TELEX 646740 - Since 1976
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Phone credit given with orders.
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P.O. Box 5701, Forest Park
VISA'
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January 1988 THE RAI
NBOW 91
t
85,92, 92,93, 85,92,94,93,85,92,92
,85,82, ,9)3,92,92,94,92,88, , ,85
40 DATA90,80,91,83,87,85,83,83,8
7,85, ,81,83,85, ,9)3,85,85,92,92,8
5, 84,82,90, , ,90, , , , ,85
45 DATA90 , ,90 ,84, 83, 85, , ,85,85,8
3,83,87,85,80,80,85,85,83,83,85,
,84,90, , ,90, ,83,83,83,87
50 F0RI=1T064:PRINTCHR$(163) ;:NE
XT
55 PRINT§357, M RECOGNIZING COMPL
ETE ";: PRINT© 3 89, " SENTENCES &
FRAGMENTS " ; : PRINT@421 , " (T)ALKI
NG OR (N)OT ? ";
60 PRINT@453," BY FRED B.SCERB
o ";
65 PRINT@485," COPYRIGHT (C) 19
87 " ;
70 X$=INKEY$:IFX$="T"THEN90
75 IFX$="N"THEN85
80 GOTO70
85 NT=1:GOTO150
90 CLS0
95 XX=&HFF00: YY=&HFF7E
100 POKEXX+1 , 52 : POKEXX+3 , 63
105 POKEXX+3 5, 60: GOTO150
110 IFNT=1THENRETURN
115 FORII=lTOLEN(AA$)
120 IF PEEK (YY) AND 128=0 THEN120
125 POKEYY,ASC(MID$(AA$,II,l) )
130 NEXTII
135 IFPEEK(YY) AND128=0THEN135
140 POKEYY,13
145 RETURN
150 DIM AO(51) ,A$(51) ,B$(51) ,C$(
51) ,N(51)
155 CLS0:PRINT§2 64, " PLEASE STAN
D BY ";
160 SW=2 8 : KZ=RND ( -TIMER)
165 F0RJ=1T051
170 READ A$(J) ,B$(J) ,C$(J) : IF A$
(J)="END" THEN180
175 NEXT J
180 J=J-1
185 FORI=l TO J
190 AO(I)=RND(J)
195 I FN (AO (I) ) =1THEN190
200 N(AO(I) )=l:NEXTI
205 FOR Y=1TO1000:NEXTY
210 CLS
215 FOR P=1T0J
220 IF P>J THEN RUN
225 CLS: PRINT" EXAMPLE NUMBER"
. pit < ii
230 PRINT
235 AA$=" IS THE FOLLOWING A C
OMPLETE SENTENCE OR A SENTEN
CE . FRAGMENT ?":PRINTAA$
:GOSUB110: PRINT
240 FORHH=1TO2000:NEXT
245 JK$=A$ (AO(P) ) :IF RIGHT$(JK$,
1)="?"THEN255
250 JK$=JK$+"."
255 GOSUB260:GOTO285
260 IF LEN(JK$)<=SW THEN 280
265 FOR T= SW TO 0STEP-1:IF MID$
(JK$,T,1)=" "THEN275
270 NEXT T:GOTO280
275 L$=LEFT$ (JK$,T) : PRINT" ";L
$ : AA$=L$ : GOSUB110 : JK$=RIGHT$ ( JK$
, (LEN(JK$) ) -T) :GOTO2 60
280 PRINT" " ;JK$:AA$=JK$:GOSUB
110: RETURN
285 PRINT
290 PRINT" C) OMPLETE SENTEN
CE": PRINT" OR"
295 PRINT" S) ENTENCE FRAGME
NT"
300 AA$="PRESS C FOR COMPLETE SE
NTENCE OR S FOR SENTENCE FRAGMEN
T":GOSUB110
305 G$=INKEY$:IF G$=""THEN305
310 IF G$="C"THEN330
315 IF G$="S"THEN330
320 IF G$="@"THEN42 5
325 GOTO305
330 IF G$=B$ (AO(P) ) THEN 345
33 5 GOT03 55
340 IF C(F(G) )<>AO(P) THEN355
345 PRINT :AA$=" YOU ARE CORREC
T ! " : PRINTAA$ : GOSUB110
350 CR=CR+l:GOT0375
3 55 PRINT :AA$=" WRONG! THIS ST
ATEMENT IS A" : PRINTAA$ : GOSUB110
360 IF B$(AO(P) )="S" THEN AA$="
SENTENCE FRAGMENT . 11 : PRINTA
A$:GOSUB110
365 IF B$(AO(P) )="C" THEN AA$="
COMPLETE SENTENCE . " : PRINTAA
$:GOSUB110
370 IR=IR+1
375 IFB$(AO(P) )="C"THEN405
380 X$=INKEY$:IFX$OCHR$(13)THEN
380
385 CLS: PRINT :JK$=" IN ORDER TO B
E A COMPLETE SENTENCE, THIS STAT
EMENT COULD BE READ AS FOLLOWS:"
: GOSUB2 6 0 : PRINT : FORH=1T02 500 : NEX
TH
390 JK$=A$(AO(P) )+" "+C$(AO(P)):
GOSUB2 60 : PRINT : FORH=1TO2000 : NEXT
H
3 95 JK$="THIS EXPRESSES A COMPLE
TE THOUGHT." :GOSUB2 60: FORH=1TO20
00:NEXTH
400 PRINT :AA$=" «PRESS ENTER T
92 THE RAINBOW January 1988
0 CONTINUE . »" : PRINTAA$ : GOSUB11J3
405 X$=INKEY$:IFX$=CHR$(13)THEN4
20
410 IFX$="@"THEN P=P+1 : GOT0425
415 GOTO405
420 NEXTP
425 CLS : PRINT : PRINT : PRI NT
43)3 PQ=CR+IR:IF PQ=0THEN PQ=1
435 PRINT" NUMBER CORRECT = "
CR
44j3 PRINT
445 PRINT" NUMBER WRONG = "
IR
450 PRINT: PRINT" STUDENT SCOR
E = ";INT(CR*10J3/PQ) ;"%"
455 PRINT: PRINT" ANOTHER TRY
(Y/N/C)";
460 W$=INKEY$:IF W$=" "THEN4 6)3 '
465 IF W$="C" THEN 220
470 IF W$="Y" THEN RUN
475 IF W$="N" THEN CLS: END
480 GOTO460
990 REM ENTER DATA AT LINE 1000
1000 DATA THEY THREW A PARTY ON
SUNDAY, C, OK
1010 DATA AS THEY WERE LEAVING T
HE PARTY, S,", IT STARTED TO RAIN
ii
•
1020 DATA THE CHILDREN RACED TO
THE CAR, C, OK
1030 DATA SITTING ON A PILLOW, S,
WAS A BIG BLACK SLEEPING CAT.
1040 DATA THE ROCKET SHOT ACROSS
THE SKY, C, OK
1050 DATA HER BROTHER WHO LIVED
IN KANSAS, S, WAS PLANNING TO VISI
T HER IN THE SPRING.
1060 DATA HARVEY CRIED, C, OK
1070 DATA THE SUN ALMOST HIDDEN
BY THE CLOUDS , S , TRIED TO SHOW IT
S FACE ALL DAY LONG.
1080 DATA "AS THEY LEFT, SHE SLI
PPED ON THE ICE", C, OK
1090 DATA THE FIRE ENGINE SCREAM
ING DOWN THE STREET , S , WOKE UP TH
E SLEEPING BABY.
1100 DATA THE OLD CAR SPUTTERED
TO A HALT, C, OK
1110 DATA AFTER THE LONG PARTY, S
,WE ALL DECIDED TO GO HOME
1120 DATA "AFTER THE FOOTBALL GA
ME, THEY WENT OUT TO DINNER", C,0
K
1130 DATA WITH ALL HIS SUITCASES
PACKED, S,", HE LEFT TOWN IN A H
URRY . "
1140 DATA HE WANTED TO JOIN OUR
CAMERA CLUB, C, OK
115)3 DATA WHERE WERE YOU STANDIN
G?,C,OK
1160 DATA PLEASE CARRY THIS UMBR
ELLA FOR ME,C,OK
1170 DATA THE GIRLS WERE WEARING
BLUE JEANS, C, OK
118) 3 DATA "WITHOUT LOOKING, JIMM
Y STARTED FORWARD" , C , OK
119) 3 DATA THE UNHAPPY OLD MAN SA
T ALONE UNTIL DARK, C, OK
1200 DATA I SHALL STAY HERE?,C,0
K
1210 DATA WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN PAINT AND SHELLAC? , C , OK
1220 DATA THREE BOYS STUCK THEIR
HEADS OUT OF THE WATER, C, OK
123)3 DATA THE LITTLE DOG STOOD O
BEDIENTLY BY HIS MASTER, C, OK
1240 DATA MAY I DRIVE THE CAR? , C
,OK
1250 DATA THE MEETING WAS HELD I
N LOS ANGELES, C, OK
1260 DATA THE BRIGHT SUNLIGHT SH
INING THROUGH THE WINDOW, S , BLIND
ED' ME AS I GOT UP FROM BED.
1270 DATA THE WAY THE GIANT LIFT
ED THE WHOLE TREE , S , AMAZED THE L
THE SOFTWARE HOUSE
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January 1988 THE RAINBOW 93
@
0
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ITTLE CHILDREN.
1280 DATA TO PUT OUT THE FIRE,S,
YOU SHOULD SMOTHER IT.
129j3 DATA AS THE PRESIDENT BOARD
ED THE PLANE, S, THE CAMERA FOLLOW
ED HIS EVERY MOVE.
130J3 DATA JUST IN CASE YOU DIDN'
T KNOV^S,", TODAY IS MY BIRTHDAY
•
131j3 DATA COMING THROUGH THE TUN
NEL AT 8j3 MPH,S,WAS THE BRIGHT N
EW TRAIN
132j3 DATA ALL THE IMPORTANT PEOP
LE COMING TO DINNER, S , WILL EXPEC
T TO BE TREATED PROPERLY.
133j3 DATA HAVING TOO MUCH MONEY,
S,IS THE LEAST OF MY PROBLEMS!
134j3 DATA THE ROOM ALMOST FILLED
WITH SMOKE, C, OK
135J3 DATA WHEN THE OLD MAN DIED,
S,HE WAS ALL ALONE.
136J3 DATA AS I WAS ON MY WAY TO
THE STATE CAPITOL, S, I HEARD THE
NEWS.
1370 DATA SOMETHING IN THE WAY S
HE MOVES , S , ATTRACTS ME LIKE NO 0
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school RO.s welcome
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_— _ . CYBUBHETICS -=--—-—-_
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8
CYBURNETICS
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THER LOVER
1380 DATA YOU GIVE LOVE A BAD NA
ME,C,OK
1390 DATA EVERYTIME YOU GO AWAY,
S, H , YOU TAKE AWAY A PART OF ME.
ii
1400 DATA 'WANTED DEAD OR ALIVE 1
,S,IS THE BEST SONG I KNOW!
1410 DATA EVERBODY HAVE FUN TONI
GHT,C,OK
1420 DATA I WISH THEY ALL COULD
BE CALIFORNIA GIRLS, C, OK
1430 DATA 'LIVING ON A PRAYER ',S
,IS ANOTHER SONG BY BON JOVI!
1440 DATA LET ME BE THE ONE, C, OK
1450 DATA SINCE YOU'VE BEEN GONE
,S,", THERE'S SOMETHING I WANT T
0 SAY."
1460 DATA DON'T DREAM IT'S OVER,
C,OK
1470 DATA HERE I GO AGAIN, C, OK
1480 DATA I SHOULD HAVE KNOWN BE
TTER, C, OK
1490 DATA HAVE IT YOUR WAY, C, OK
5000 DATA END, END, END
\ V N.
\ VVV N N V\ \ XX S VN V \ V V W\ WW V V V VV VS.V VV
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January 1988 THE RAINBOW 95
^ BASIC Tra i ning
The Kolar Progression
By Joseph Kolar
Rainbow Contributing Editor
What good are copious dollops
of programming expertise if
the spark of creativity is miss-
ing? To me, it is better to be a beginner
with a creative and open mind than an
expert programmer locked into a box of
mediocrity.
This tutorial is addressed to the
beginner who brings to CoColand an
unstructured personal perspective that
has room for inspiration. The goal
should always be to create something
new. This open-ended, inquiring per-
spective means all the difference in the
world to the newcomer. In fact, it makes
the difference between feverish, late-
night sessions at the keyboard to create
a special vision or a dusty tombstone of
a CoCo relegated to an obscure corner
of a musty closet cemetery.
The beginner is still king. Unlike the
tired experts (myself included) who
ultimately wind up with repetitious
mediocrities, the novice possesses a
fresh outlook and is willing and eager
to wander down untrodden pathways.
The beginner's unvoiced creed is, "All
avenues are worth investigating. All
lanes and byways are attractive pros-
pects. No alley is presumed to be dead-
ended."
All beginners are urged to experiment
on their own. They need not master all
programming techniques, and can al-
ways refer to manuals and old issues of
THE RAINBOW. There is no rule engraved
in concrete that stipulates they must
memorize everything.
Florida-based Joseph Kolar is a veter-
an writer and programmer who special-
izes in introducing beginners to the
powers of the Color Computer.
You never know where you will end
up when you pursue a hot idea. Today
we continue on a variation of a theme
— developing an idea.
Fire up your CoCo. Key in Listing 1
and run. The five exhibits are odd, but
that is the whole idea — to be unique.
This display contains our raw material.
From this mess we must create some-
thing original.
This tutorial was created because I
wanted to prepare a small, impromptu
graphics program to check out a screen
dump program. Using DRfiW, the first
thing that came to mind was
U10R10D10L10 — a box. Not exactly
awe-inspiring, but just what a jaded
programmer's mind would suggest.
After some mental jogging, I decided
to use URDL, DRfiW directions, repeat
them a few times and use ascending
length values (10, 20, 30 and 40) and
then descending values (30, 20 and 10).
The plan was to use undulating values
and see what happened.
Look at Line 20. It wasn't planned,
but it happened. It is the oblong shape,
top-center of the display. Continuing
the same sequence gets us nowhere
because the pattern repeats. Check it
out for yourself.
Line 10 sets up the blackboard area.
What kind of shape would appear if I
used the EFGH directions, repeated
twice, with ascending lengths 10, 20, 30
and 40 repeated? The boring, rambling
design in the upper-left corner was
determined by Line 21.
Back to the drawing board! I tried
FGHEDLUR directions, repeated twice
with the familiar undulating values, and
produced the exhibit in the lower-right
corner of the blackboard. It is formu-
lated in Line 22 — interesting, but
suggesting nothing!
Line 23 creates the curious effect in
the upper-right region of the display.
Study Line 23 and you will note that
DRULEFGH, repeated twice, was used
with our undulating value scheme. This
exhibit seems more intriguing. There is
space in the lower-left area of the
blackboard; Line 24 displayed the
pattern there.
Looking at the set of five exhibits
evoked a "So what?" from me. I was
aware that I used distorted and dis-
guised box and diamond shapes; e.g.,
EFGH with any single value, repeated
four times makes a diamond. RDLU are
the hallmarks of a square or box shape.
If you can't imagine it, key in:
25 DRAUTBM20,20E10F10G10H10''
26 DRfiW / 'BM230,10R10D10L10U10''
and run. Truly, we are laboring on a
variation of a theme. Type DEL25-2G
and press ENTER.
Careful study of the two bottom
exhibits carefully gave me a sense of
deja vw. Inadvertently, both figures are
identical except for a 90-degree rota-
tion. Clang, clang, clang went the CoCo
alarm in my head. 90-degree rotation?
Shades of the DRAW, fi option. Recall
that it allows rotation around a point.
The urge to experiment is too overpow-
ering to resist.
Type LIST and press ENTER. We shall
use Line 22. In order to make a loop
around Line 22, we have to make room
by renumbering the listing.
Key in RENUM 10 , 5 , 10 and then call
up the listing. Line 22 is redesignated as
Line 40. Mask lines 20, 30, 50 and 60
96
THE RAINBOW January 1988
with REM statments. Run. Move the
design to center stage by changing the
locating values; type 128 , 96 and press
ENTER, then run.
Edit Line 40 to insert R=X ; after the
first quote mark, and add these lines:
39 FOR X = 0 TO 3
41 NEXT X
and run. No matter how mundane a
design may be, if it is attractively
centered, it emits a special aura.
The design looks a little congested.
No 5 size value was used, and Co Co
reverted to the default size, 54. Edit
Line 40 again, and after the first quote,
insert either 56 or S7. Run. Caution:
Values of numbers that are not multi-
ples of 4 are seldom used in graphics
displays, as they are likely to distort a
carefully worked-out design.
Save our work as "ODDSENDS". Type
NEW and press ENTER to clear CoCo's
memory.
Key in this mini-program:
10 PMODE4,1:PCLS:SCREEN1,0
20 DRAW"S16BM90,100 BDNR19BU
U5ER2FD3NCLD2 BR4U6R3FD2GLN
L2F2 BR5U6HL2R2
30 GOTO 30
Run, and notice the height of the
space between the bottom of the char-
acters and the underline.
In Line 20, change 16 to 14 and run.
Size S15 makes the distortion even
more pronounced. In a long word, these
distortions are carried from letter to
letter so that the word looks like a
drunken sailor, wobbling upward or
downward.
If I am not mistaken, S16 makes a
fine enlargement of S8. Again, multi-
ples of 4, like 54, S8, 512, etc., are OK.
Use other sizes warily! Type in NEW and
press ENTER to clear memory.
Key in Listing 2 from Line 0 to Line
60, and also Line 500.
We are going to make four exhibits
in our pseudo-art color show. To acti-
vate each exhibit press keys 1 through
4. If you press any other key, except
SHIFT or BREAK, you will return to
Exhibit 1.
Now, Line 30 only calls Exhibit 1.
Using a basic octagon shape (ERFDGLHU
repeated three times) and lines 10
through 40, undulating, make a nice
symmetrical design. Wouldn't you
guesstimate that you would need four
repeats to create the four-leaved goody?
Do you see why you need only three
repeats?
Key in lines 70 through 1 10. This one
is a mixed bag of directions. EHFGRDLU,
repeated seven times in our undulating
10 to 40 to 10 value progression is
Exhibit 2. Run and press 2. This dud
suggests nothing!
Key in lines 120 through 160. Into
string B$ we pack HGFERDLU, repeated
three times, in our by now familiar value
progression. Line 130 gives us a double
dose on the screen when we run and
press 3.
To demonstrate that this is an exact,
replicating design, we unmask Line 140
and key in C2, yellow, and obliterate our
hard work. Easy come, easy go!
Key in the rest of the program. Line
170 packs into B$ the same scoop as in
Exhibit 1, (lines 40 and 50). After keying
in lines 170 and 180, run the program.
Key in Line 190 and fun again.
Note that Line 190 is in size 56. It has
to be recentered, but this is not perfect,
as you will spot upon careful inspection.
Look at the vertical pairs of lines.
Horizontal 53 makes the left pair wider
than the right pair. Horizontal 54 makes
the right pair wider than the left pair.
This is the distortion factor we have to
learn to live with.
As an aside, try masking Line 1 80 and
enter 60 GOTO 160. Run and press 1. If
you want to restore Exhibit 4, unmask
Line 180 and type 60 GOTO 60.
We might as well color some of the
inner blades green.
Key in lines 200 and 210. A dot of
color is located within the borders of the
area we propose to color. Run. Key in
Line 220; we paint the located area
green. Run.
Key in lines 230 and 240 and run.
Ditto for lines 250 and 260, and then for
Line 270. Key in Line 280 and run —
the central box is colored. To accent the
blades, key in lines 290 and 300 and run.
In order, key in and run lines 310, 320
and 330. To outline our work of art in
green, key in Line 340 and run.
Key in lines 341, 342 and 350 and
follow instructions. Note: If you didn't
mask Line 180, but used 60 GOTO 170,
Line 30 will call this last exhibit with
either 1 or 4.
If you want to save this tutorial, mask
Line 140 and save it as "ZIGZRG".
The best part about creating these
and similar designs is that, in all eter-
nity, you may be the very first pioneer
to create such a unique design.
We haven't explored any of the innu-
merable possibilities of using this sim-
ple, undulating progression of square
and diamond themes. You can use the
techniques demonstrated in this tutorial
to create I don't know what.
Since I dreamed up this system, I
think I'll call it the "Kolar Progression."
If I know me, I will worry this topic to
death in a following tutorial.
You can have a lot of fun making up
viable designs with DRAW, PSET and
PRINT commands. You can while away
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January 1988 THE RAINBOW 97
the hours of your CoCo apprenticeship
and become versed in creating interest-
ing, if not spectacular, designs and
shapes. You are encouraged to take the
Kolar Progression to its very limits and
bend it to your will.
The beginner need not have logged in
a zillion hours at the keyboard to
understand how to make unique and
satisfying graphics. You should aim to
play with CoCo and drive it nuts in an
effort to make that "something special"
that reflects your personality.
After all, you can be a hack, copying
listings the rest of your computer life,
or you can be an enterprising computer
Picasso, creating original artwork.
I think I know what your reply must
be. Remember that every graphic you
create, no matter how simple or com-
plex, is honest-to-goodness art. Why
not work up something neat to make
Picasso turn over in his grave with
envy? □
Listing 1: ODDSENDS
0 '<ODDSENDS>
1 CLEAR 500
10 PMODE4,1:SCREEN1,0:PCLS
20 DRAW"BM130,35U10R20D30L40U30R
20D10L20U30R40D30L20"
21 DRAW"BM122,75 E10F20G30H40R10
D20L30U40E10F20G30H40R10D20L30U4
0"
22 DRAW"BM190 / 135F10G20H30E40D30
L20U10R20F30G40H30E20D10L20U30R4
0"
23 DRAWBM200, 90D10R20U30L40E30F
20G10H20D30R40U30L20E10F20G30H40
ii
24 DRAWBM50, 140 E10F20G30H40R30
D20L10U20E30F40G30H20R10D20L30U4
0»
30 GOTO30
Listing 2: ZIGZAG
0 '<ZIGZAG>
10 CLEAR500
20 PMODE3,1:PCLS2:SCREEN1,0
30 A$=INKEY$:IF A$="" GOTO 30 EL
SEON VAL(A$) GOTO 40, 70, 120, 1
70
40 DRAW"BM78,56 E10R20F30D40G30L
20H10U20E30R40F30D20G10L20H30U40
ii
50 DRAWE30R20F10D20G30L40H30U20
ii
60 GOTO60
70 DRAW"BM148,86 E10H20F30G40R30
D20L10U20E30H40F30G20R10D20L30U4
0"
80 DRAWE30H20F10G20R30D40L30U20
E10H20F30G40R30D20L10U20"
90 DRAW M E30H40F30G20R10D20L30U40
ii
100 DRAWE30H20F10G20R30D40L30U2
0E10H20F30G40R30D20L10U20"
110 GOTO110
120 B$="H10G20F30E40R30D20L10U20
H30G40F30E20R10D20L30U40H30G20F1
0E20R30D40L30U20"
130 DRAW"BM88,96"+B$+B$
140 1 DRAW I, C2"+B$+B$ ' DRAWS OVER D
ISPLAY 3
150 i***ADD ONE DIRECTION AT A
TIME TO B$ AND <RUN> TO SEE THE
DESIGN EXPAND AND ROTATE. IT
MAY BE NECESSARY TO ADJUST <BM>
160 GOTO160
170 B$="E10R20F30D40G30L20H10U20
E30R40F30D20G10L20H30U40E30R20F1
0D20G30L40H30U20"
180 DRAW"BM78,56"+B$
190 DRAW"BM54,36S6"+B$
200 t**** USE <PSET(X, Y,C) > TO
LOCATE AREAS TO PAINT.
210 PSET(100,50,1)
220 PAINT (100, 50) ,1,4
230 PSET (100,140,1)
240 PAINT (100, 140) ,1,4
250 PSET (150, 50,1)
260 PAINT(150,50) ,1,4
270 PAINT (150, 140) ,1,4 'LOCATION
DEDUCED FROM OTHER THREE AREAS
280 PAINT(128, 96) ,1,4 'MIGHT AS
WELL GET THE CENTER AREA
290 PSET(128,75,1)
300 PAINT(128,75) ,1,4
310 PAINT (12 8, 117) , 1,4 'DEDUCED
BY SUBTRACTING 96-75 AND ADDING
THE RESULT TO 96 TO GET VERTICAL
VALUE .
320 PAINT (107, 96) ,1,4 1 DEDUCTED
21 FROM 128 TO GET HORIZ. VALUE
AND VERT. VALUE FIGURES TO BE IN
MIDDLE.
330 PAINT(149,96) ,1,4'THESE
VALUES FOLLOW FROM REASONING.
340 PAINT (0,0) ,1,4 'BLOCK OUT
BORDER SMOOTHLY IN ONE DIRECTION
(DOWN) AS APPOSED TO (20,20)
WHICH GIVES A SPLIT UP; THEN
DOWN PAINT JOB.
341 »***SUBSTITUTE (20,20) IN
<340> TO SEE AWKWARD PAINT JOB.
342 • ***TEMPORARILY CHANGE THE
PMODE TO <4> IN LINE <20> TO SEE
FOUR <PSET> POINTS.
350 »****NOW IS A GOOD TIME TO
DELETE THE FOUR <PSET> LINES AT
<210>, <230>, <250>, <290>
500 GOTO500 /R\
98
THE RAINBOW January 1988
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a ■
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16K Disk
Organization
By William J. Holdorf
Ealculating calendar dates has
fascinated me for years. Most of
the computer-generated calen-
dars 1 have found, however, were re-
stricted to a certain group of years or
just gave a monthly screen output for a
set year. That is, until I came across one
calendar calculation I really liked.
I found the calendar calculation in a
program in Sky and Telescope, July
1985. According to its author, Robert
S. Harrington, U.S. Naval Observa-
tory, Washington, D.C., the calendar
calculation was derived from a FOR-
TRAN routine that does the same thing
on an IBM 4341. From all appearances,
it truly represents a perpetual calendar.
Since I am what you might call an
amateur, my knowledge is limited con-
cerning the computer and all its capa-
bilities. However, having bought a
Color Computer with Extended Disk
BASIC and the DMP-130 printer, I
thought the calendar calculation rou-
tine would be a good program to start
with. As printed, the program is in-
tended for use with the DMP-130. You
will need to alter the control codes if you
are using another printer.
Since I have a Color Computer, I feel
any program I write should have some
color in it — even if most activity is done
within the computer and output is to a
printer, as is the case with this calendar
program. With that in mind, I have used
CL5 along with a variety of screen
colors, as the screen changes for input
or instruction data. This keeps the color
coming no matter what is being done.
The core of the calendar calculation
is in lines 1870 through 2110. Every-
thing else is just editing input and
William Holdorf lives in Albuquerque,
New Mexico. He is a retired business
manager and has recently begun learn-
ing about the computer.
1 00 THE RAINBOW January 1988
output. Since I am not a professional
mathematician, I can't completely ex-
plain what goes on within the calendar
calculation routine. I'll leave that to the
professionals who understand. All I
know is it works beautifully.
The program prints out three calen-
dars per 8V4-by-l 1 page. Each page has
the current month at the top-center, the
previous month on the top-left, and at
the top-right, the next month. After the
three calendars are printed, there are
three lines available for special-event
dates chosen by the user such as bill
payments, holidays, meeting dates,
birthdays, etc. The remainder of the
calendar page is graduated by three
lines showing days of the month split in
two columns from 1 though 31. This
allows handwritten notes or appoint-
ment dates. The program automatically
moves to the next page and begins with
the next sequence of three months until
12 pages have been printed.
This yearly appointment calendar
makes it easy to plan activities for an
entire year. Also, any future year can be
set up, as well.
As the program is initiated, a year is
requested. Full year figures must be
entered. Since the basic core for the
calendar calculation is a perpetual
calendar, actually any year — past,
present or future — can be used.
Once the year has been entered, press
ENTER, and the screen displays instruc-
tions (lines 1220 to 1520) for any special
event you might want for each calendar
page of the year. Each calendar page can
handle 12 special events. Only 19 char-
acters can be entered for each special
event. The screen shows the month
number and the event number above a
line of dashes.
As events are entered, the characters
are placed directly above each dash so
there is no mistake in entering more
than 19 characters. You can reverse a
character or the whole line by using the
left arrow. If more than 19 characters
are entered, the program erases the data
and prints out an error message. You
can return to the input area without
disturbing the month number or special
event count by pressing ENTER. As each
event is entered into array SPD$, the
data is erased from the screen by GOSUB
1450. The event count increases, and
the screen is ready for the next entry. As
you enter the 12th event, the program
advances to the next month and the
event count starts over.
In case you do not want to use all 12
event allocations for a particular cal-
endar month, after entering the last
event you want for the month, enter END
and the program will advance to the
next month number and the event count
will start over. If you do not want to
enter any event data or you do not want
to continue with the remainder of the
year, enter SKIP, and the screen will
change to the next set of instructions.
Once all event data has been entered
or skipped, the screen displays instruc-
tions to get the printer ready. Line up
the top of the first page with the printer
head. The program allows two blank
lines before beginning to print on the
third line. If not lined up properly, the
page count might be off and the pro-
gram will advance to the next page
incorrectly.
When the paper is lined up, press
ENTER, and the computer reads in all
data needed for calendar calculations.
The screen changes to a reminder that
the program is beginning to calculate
each of the three calendars for the first
page. There is a brief pause before the
output begins.
Since there are three different calen-
dars for each page, I have used two
loops to control all calculations for each
month. The loop in Line 1760 controls
the 12 pages. The loop in Line 1770
controls the three-month variation on
each page.
Conditions as to what month is cal-
culated are controlled by IF statements
in lines 1780 to 1820. As each IF state-
ment is read, month and year changes
are made. The program then branches
(GDSUB 1850) to begin entering, in array
CflL$, the name of the calendar month
and titles for the days of the week. This
is followed by the calendar calculation
routine (lines 1870 to 21 10), as indexed
by IND.
Six lines for weeks are allowed for
each month, even though not all will
contain a full week of dates; it depends
on the month/ year being calculated.
Some months with 31 days require six
lines to complete the calendar.
Another variation is the page for
January, which requires December of
the previous year. Line 1780 conditions
the data accordingly. Also, another
month/ year change occurs when the
last page, December, is reached. The
next month is January of the following
year, and Line 1820 conditions the data
followed by END after calendar page
output. For all other months, the calcu-
lations are controlled by lines 1790 to
1810, representing the three months'
variation on each page that are all
within the same year.
As the calculation data for each week
of the three months is completed, array
index IND is increased by one before
returning to the month/ year control
(lines 1780 to 1820). After the third
month has been completed for a page,
the data in calendar array CAL$ is ready
to be printed. This is initiated by GD5UB
2130 in Line 18 10 or, if it is the last page
month of the year, Line 1820.
With Line 2130, the output to the
printer begins. Since I have used
condensed characters for the previous
and next months, and elongated char-
acters for the present page month, the
TRB cannot be used when changing
character styles back and forth on the
same print line. Instead, I had to use
more elaborate print head controls
(lines 2290 and 2340) in order to posi-
tion each calendar line correctly. This
will vary with each printer, and the
program will have to be revised accord-
ing to the user's printer. The program
is designed for the DMP-130.
I begin each page printout with the
year (lines 2150 to 2180). Since the
elongation of the year is only one
character style change on the same line,
I can use the TAB 2150 to position the
year. Next it is followed by a block
graphics border (lines 2190 to 2220).
The output of the calendar lines from
array CRL$ is controlled by the loop in
lines 2240 to 2370. The condensed
character style is first initiated in Line
2230 before entering the loop, since the
first and third calendar lines will be in
that style. Once in the loop, the last
calendar line (next month), will be in
condensed style and ready for the pre-
vious month on return of the carriage
and line feed. Each output from array
CflLS is indexed by UU (lines 2260 and
2320) and the loop control I on the basis
of eight increments. The index is re-
turned to zero after completing each full
page line. Each calendar will always
contain data for eight lines as it was
entered. That is, name of month, (first
line), name of days of the week, (second
line), and six lines for calendar weekly
dates.
Once all three calendars have been
printed, a block graphics border is again
printed (lines 2390 to 2410). Next, the
index control, IND, used to enter cal-
endar calculations to array CRL$, is
restored in Line 2430. This sets the
array /index for the input of the next
page of three calendars.
After the block graphics border, the
loop in lines 2460 to 2520 will print three
lines of any special event dates in array
5PD$. In order to determine if there are
any, Line 2470 tests the first index of the
month of the array for a blank, using
page month number (MZ) and loop
number (5E) as the first array index. If
the first index is blank, there are none
in the entire array for that month, and
the program will advance four blank
lines and skip the loop routine by
branching to Line 2530.
The reason for the four lines when
there are no special event dates in array
SPD$ is that the block graphics border
printout must be on the fourth line after
the calendar output in order to keep the
page count correct. When the array
SPD$ has data and the special event
dates are printed, only three lines are
used, but a carriage/ line feed (2510) is
always executed after the last special
January 1988 the rainbow 101
event is printed. That puts the page in
the proper line position for printing a
line using the block graphics character,
CHR$(241), on the fourth line in both
situations.
Once the block graphics line is
printed (Line 2540), the remainder of
the month page is printed with monthly
dates from 1 to 31 on every third line,
split in two columns, using loop 2560 to
2610. Each line has two dates. The loop
number is used for the first date (Line
2580) and the loop number plus 16 (Line
2600) is used for the second date. After
each date, a line is printed using block
graphics characters, CHR$(241). When
the second date count reaches 32, no
more dates are printed and the program
branches to Line 2630. At Line 2640,
two PRINTs move the paper to the end
of the page, followed by RETURN, and
the program is back to one of the five
conditions that control the three-month
calculations, lines 1780 to 1820. When
the last page is printed, the RETURN will
go to Line 1820 where the program is
ended.
There are many editing possibilities
using the core calendar calculations.
One variation is to print six months
along the left side of computer paper,
using dots across the page to separate
each month and using two pages for the
year. This allows random notes to be
written opposite each month.
I hope this program brings as much
enjoyment and interest to the user as it
has to me. Now that you can have a
computer-generated, full-year appoint-
ment calendar, there should be no
excuse for missing important dates
during the year. In fact, you can start
planning years ahead.
(Questions or comments may be
directed to the author at 3501 Atrisco
NW, #3-05, Albuquerque, NM 87120.
Please enclose an SASE when writing
for a reply.) □
1200 136 2090
1350 186 2340
1550 86 2500
1700 128 END
1870 103
229
.10
147
169
The listing: CALENDAR
1000 CLS4
1010 CLEAR 2000
1020 IND=1' INPUT INDEX
1030 UU=0 1 OUTPUT INDEX
1040 DIM C$(42) ,D$(31) ,E(12) 'ARR
AYS FOR CALENDAR CALCULATIONS
1045 DIM M$(12) 'ARRAY TO HOLD MO
NTH NAMES
1050 DIM CAL$ (288) 'ARRAY TO HOLD
3 CALENDARS
1060 DIM SPD$(12,12) 'ARRAY FOR S
PECIAL EVENTS
1070 PRINT@37," APPOINTMENT CALE
NDAR ";
1080 PRINT@174," BY ";
1090 PRINT@233," BILL HOLDORF " ;
1100 PRINT@300," 1-4-86 " ;
1110 FOR X=l TO 2000: NEXT X
1120 CLS3
1130 PRINT@37," APPOINTMENT CALE
NDAR
ii •
ii
FOR ANY YEAR
INPUT FULL YR F
1140 PRINT@105,"
1150 PRINT@196,"
IGURES " ;
1160 PRINT@228," FOR BC USE MINU
S SIGN ";
1170 PRINT@260," E.G. 1986,1000
,10,-50 ";
1180 PRINT© 3 20 : PRINT@328 , "WHAT Y
EAR";: INPUT Y
1190 PRINT@387," WHEN READY FOR
INPUT OF ";
1200 PRINT@419," SPECIAL DATES F
OR EACH " ;
1210 PRINT@448 : PRINT@452 , "MONTH-
— PRESS <ENTER>" ;: INPUT AN$
1220 CLS8
1230 PRINT@34," 12 SPECIAL EVENT
S PER MO. ";
1240 PRINT@66,"
CIAL EVENT " ;
1250 PRINT@131,
AND ADD ";
1260 PRINT@163,
EVENT " ;
1270 PRINT§230,
ii •
1280 PRINT@262,
N-BD ";
1290 PRINT@294,
n
1300 PRINT@326,
19 SPACES EA.SPE
' START WITH DATE
' NAME OF SPECIAL
EXAMPLES
10 -HARRY JOHNSO
' 2 5 -CHRISTMAS
30 -CLUB PICNIC
ii
1310 REM INPUT SPECIAL EVENTS
FOR ALL MONTHS
1320 FOR MONl=l TO 12
1330 GOSUB 1450
1340 FOR SE=1 TO 12
1350 PRINT@389," MONTH :";: PRINT
USING" ##";MONl; : PRINT" S.E.
#";: PRINT USING" ##";SE; : PRINT" "
1360 PRINT© 4 2 1, ;: INPUT AN$
1370 IF LEN(AN$)>19 THEN GOTO 14
80
1380 IF AN$="END"THEN 1430 'IF SP
ECIAL EVENTS LESS THAN 12 GO TO
NEXT MONTH
1390 IF AN$="SKIP" THEN 1530 ' TO
SKIP ALL OR REMAINDER OF MONTHS
1400 SPD$(MONl,SE)=AN$
102 THE RAINBOW January 1988
Mak i
I
355
MicroWorld
)
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r
1410 GOSUB 1450
1420 NEXT SE
1430 NEXT MON1
1440 GOTO 1530
1450 PRINT@416
1460 PRINT@448,"
it
1470 RETURN
1480 PRINT § 4 17, "DATA OVER 19 — PR
ESS <ENTER>";
1490 INPUT AN2$
1500 GOSUB 1450
1510 GOTO 1360
1520 REM END SPECIAL EVENTS
1530 CLS5
1540 PRINT@261," INPUT DATA COMP
LETED ";
1550 PRINT@387," MOVE PAPER TO F
IRST LINE
1560 PRINT@451," WHEN READY PRES
S <ENTER> ";
1570 AN$=INKEY$ : IF AN$="" THEN 1
570
1580 FOR 1=1 TO 31
1590 READ D$(I)
1600 NEXT I
1610 FOR 1=1 TO 12
1620 READ E(I)
1630 NEXT I
1640 FOR 1=1 TO 12
1650 READ M$(I)
1660 NEXT I
1670 DATA " 1"," 2"," 3"," 4
II M
/
5"
6" "
" 10" , " 11 " , " 12 " , " ' 13 " , " ' 14 " , " '
15"," 16"," 17"," 18"," 19"," 20
"," 21"," 22"," 23"," 24"," 25",
" 26"," 27"," 28"," 29"," 30","
31"
1680 DATA 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,3
1,30,31,30,31
1690 DATA "
FEBRUARY" , "
APRIL" , "
JUNE" "
JANUARY
ii it
AUGUST" ,
i
ii it
MARCH" , "
MAY",
JULY" ,
SEPTEMB
OCTOBER" "
ii
ii
ER"
1700 DATA " v^~~^. ,
NOVEMBER" , " DECEMBER"
1710 CLS6
1720 PRINT@258," CALENDAR CALCUL
ATIONS AND " ;
1730 PRINT@358," OUTPUT TO PRINT
ER ";
1740 REM BEGINNING CALENDAR R
OUTINE •
1750 REM BEGINNING 3 MONTH CA
LENDAR CONTROL
1760 FOR MZ=1 TO 12
1770 FOR CAL=1 TO 3
1780 IF CAL=1 AND MZ=1 THEN MZ=1
2:Y=Y-l:GOSUB 1850:MZ=1:Y=Y+1:NE
XT CAL
1790 IF CAL=1 AND MZ=>2 THEN MZ=
MZ-l:GOSUB 1850:MZ=MZ+1:NEXT CAL
1800 IF CAL=2 AND MZ=>1 THEN GOS
UB 1850: NEXT CAL
1810 IF CAL=3 AND MZ=<11 THEN MZ
=MZ+1: GOSUB 1850 :MZ=MZ-1: GOSUB 2
130: NEXT MZ
1820 IF CAL=3 AND MZ=12 THEN MZ=
l:Y=Y+l:GOSUB 1850 :MZ=12 : Y=Y-1 :G
OSUB 2 130: END
1830 REM END 3 MONTH CALENDAR
CONTROL
1840 REM BEGINNING CALENDAR C
ALCULATION ROUTINE
1850 CAL$(IND)=M$(MZ) :IND=IND+1'
NAME OF MONTH
1860 CAL$(IND)=" SU MO TU WE TH
FR SA" : IND=IND+1
1870 J=367*Y-INT(7*(Y+INT( (MZ+9)
/12) )/4)+INT(275*MZ/9)+1721031
1880 K=0
1890 IF MZ<2 THEN K=-l
1900 J=J-INT(3*(INT((Y+K)/100)+1
)/4)
1910 K=E(MZ)
1920 IF MZ<>2 THEN 1990
1930 W=INT(Y-100*INT(Y/100) )
1940 X=INT(Y-4*INT(Y/4) )
1950 Z=INT(Y-400*INT(Y/400) )
1960 IF X<>0 THEN 1990
1970 IF W=0 AND Z<>0 THEN 1990
1980 K=29
1990 X=J-7*INT(J/7)
2000 FOR 1=1 TO 42
2010 C$(I)=" "
2020 NEXT I
2030 FOR 1=1 TO K
2040 C$(I+X)=D$(I)
2050 NEXT I
2060 FOR 1=1 TO 6
2070 J=7*I
2080 REM WEEKLY DATES INPUTED
TO ARRAY
2090 CAL$(IND)=C$(J-6)+C$(J-5)+C
$ ( J-4) +C$ ( J-3 ) +C$ ( J-2 ) +C$ ( J-l) +C
$(J) :IND=IND+1
2100 NEXT I
2110 RETURN
2120 REM END CALENDAR ROUTINE
2130 REM OUTPUT TO PRINTER
2140 PRINT#-2:PRINT#-2
2150 PRINT#-2 ,TAB(3 5) ;
2160 PRINT#-2 ,CHR$ (27) CHR$ (14) ; '
104 THE RAINBOW January 1988
START ELONGATION
2170 PRINT#-2,Y
2180 PRINT#-2,CHR$(27)CHR$(15) ; '
END ELONGATION
219j3 FOR 1=1 TO 4j3
22j3j3 PRINT#-2,CHR$(253)CHR$(251)
221j3 NEXT I
2220 PRINT#-2
2230 PRINT#-2,CHR$
CONDENSED
2240 FOR 1=1 TO 8
2250 PRINT#-2,CAL$
2260 UU=UU+8
2270 PRINT#-2,CHR$
STANDARD
2280 PRINT#-2,CHR$
START ELONGATION
2290 PRINT#-2,CHR$
CHR$(0) ;CHR$(110) ;
2300 PRINT#-2,CAL$
2310 PRINT#-2,CHR$
END ELONGATION
2320 UU=UU+8
2330 PRINT#-2 / CHR$
CONDENSED
2340 PRINT#-2,CHR$
CHR$(3) ;CHR$(45) ;
2350 PRINT#-2,CAL$
2360 UU=0
2370 NEXT I
23 80 PRINT#-2 / CHR$
STANDARD
2390 FOR G=l TO 40
2400 PRINT#-2 / CHR$
);
2410 NEXT G
(27)CHR$(20) ;
(I+UU) ;
(27)CHR$(19) ;
(27)CHR$(14) ;
(27) ;CHR$(16)
(I+UU) ;
(27)CHR$(15) ;
(27)CHR$(20) ;
(27) ;CHR$(16)
(I+UU)
(27)CHR$(19) ; '
(252) ;CHR$(254
2420 PRINT#-2
2430 IND=1
2440 REM END CALENDAR OUTPUT
2450 REM OUTPUT MONTHLY SPECI
AL EVENTS
2460 FOR SE=1 TO 9 STEP 4
2470 IF SPD$(MZ / SE)=" "THEN PRIN
T#-2 : PRINT#-2 : PRINT#-2 : PRINT#-2 :
GOTO 2530
2480 PRINT#-2 / SPD$(MZ / SE) ;
2490 PRINT#-2 / TAB(20) ;SPD$(MZ,SE
2500 PRINT #-2, TAB (40) ?SPD$(MZ,SE
+2 ) 7
2510 PRINT#-2 / TAB(60) ;SPD$(MZ,SE
+3)
2520 NEXT SE
2530 REM END SPECIAL EVENTS
2540 PRINT#-2,STRING$(80 / (CHR$(2
41)))
2550 REM BEGINNING DATE/LINES
OUTPUT
2560 FOR DT=1 TO 16
2570 PRINT#-2:PRINT#-2
2580 PRINT#-2,USING"##";DT; :PRIN
T#-2,STRING$(37, (CHR$(241) )) ;
2590 IF DT+16=32 THEN 2630
2600 PRINT#-2 / TAB(40) ;:PRINT#-2,
USING" ##" ; DT+16 ; : PRINT#-2 , STRING
$(37, (CHR$(241) ) )
2610 NEXT DT
2620 REM END DATE/ LINE OUTPUT
2630 REM MOVE TO END OF PAGE
2640 PRINT#-2 :PRINT#-2
2650 RETURN' READY FOR NEXT PAGE
AND NEXT 3 MONTHS
PRINTERS!
NE WS Okidata 1 92+ (Par. orSer.) $ 370
N EW! Okidata 193 (Parallel) *540
nE w! Okidata 193+ (Serial) *6I0
Okimate 20 Color Printer * 1 35
Fujitsu 2100 (80 col.) *4I0
Fujitsu 2200(132 col.) *520
Toshiba 321 (Par. or Sen) $ 5I0
Qume Letterpro 20 (Letter Qual.) $ 445
Silver Reed 420 (Daisy Wheel) s 240
Silver Reed 600 (Daisy Wheel) s 575
(Add $ I0 Shipping for Printers)
ACCESSORIES!
*
Taxan 1 2" Green Monitor $ 1 25
Taxan 12" Amber Monitor $ I35
Table Top Printer Stand
w/Slot(80 col.) *30
Table Top Printer Stand
w/Slot(l32col.) J 45
Stand w/ Diskette Storage (80 col.) $ 47
Stand w/ Diskette Storage (1 32 col.) $ 57
Other Printers, Monitors, and Accessories for CoCo
and IBM upon request.
* 15 off interface with purchase of printer.
Find your cheapest published price and we'll beat it!!!
DISK DRIVE SYSTEMS!
ALL Vi HEIGHT DOUBLE SIDED
Drive 0 (addressed as 2 drives!) .* $ 235
Drive 0, ! (addressed as 4 drives!) J 3S0
Ail above complete with HDS controller,
cable, & drive in case with power supply
Bare Double Sided Drives $ I09
Dual Vi Height Case w/ Power Supply $ 49
Double Stded Adapter $ 25
HDS Controller, RS ROM & Instructions $ 99
25 CDC DS/DD Diskettes *32 & s 3 s/h
We use the HDS controller exclusively. Can use 2 different DOS ROM's.
Shipping Costs: $ 5/drive or power supply, $ I0 max.
Co Co Serial Cables 15 fc — »I0, Co Co/RS-232 Cables 15 ft.-*20.
Other cables on request. (Add *3°° shipping)
SP-2 INTERFACE for
EPSON PRINTERS:
■ 300-19,200 BAUD rates
■ Fits inside printer — No AC Plugs
■ Optional external switch (*5°° extra) frees parallel port
for use with other computers
*While Supplies Last
CLOSEOUT $ 29.95
SP-3 INTERFACE for
MOST OTHER PRINTERS:
■ 300-19,200 BAUD rates
■ External to printer — No AC Plugs
■ Built in modem /printer switch— no need for Y-cables
or plugging /unplugging cables
c
R
P.O. Box 293
Raritan, NJ 08869
(201)722-1055
ENGINEERING
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 105
1 B u si n ess Man a g e m e nt
Finding
the Right
for the
Use this management
program to minimize
personnel costs
nyone who has been in business
for any length of time realizes
that, above all else, employees
tend to make or break a company. We
often hear phrases such as, "They're a
dime a dozen," or, "Anyone is replace-
able" — but what is the real cost, in both
money and time, of finding and keeping
good employees?
Job Description was created as a
management tool to help in minimizing
the various costs involved in hiring,
training and, in many cases, firing
personnel.
After the title screen runs, you are
asked if you want the speed-up poke or
not; if you have any difficulties with the
poke, press N. The poke does not make
a substantial difference in the program's
operating speed.
You will then be asked to enter the
title of the job you are creating the
description for. Just type in the title.
Whenever you are asked for input in the
program, just type in an appropriate
response. When dollar amounts are
mentioned, type in just the whole
number amounts (no dollar signs or
decimal points). When hours are re-
quested, enter whole numbers (no dec-
imal points or fractional amounts).
Next, you are asked for the number
of primary responsibilities the job
demands; just press a number. Then
type in short descriptions of the respon-
sibilities, pressing ENTER after each.
Then you are prompted to rate the
responsibilities on a scale of 1 to 9 (9
being high), in order to establish prior-
ities.
Most positions have no more than
five primary responsibilities. If you
have a great many more than that,
perhaps you are overloading the em-
ployee or are listing secondary aspects
of the prime responsibilities. I have
intentionally left printer wrap-arounds
out of this program — your responses
should be short and specific.
You will be asked to define the per-
sonality type you feel is necessary for
the position. Introverts and extroverts
do not cover the spectrum of personal-
Larry Paroubek is an Atlantic City,
New Jersey, CoCoist who works in
personnel administration and acts as a
management consultant with M.LS.
Systems.
106
THE RAINBOW January 1988
16K ECB
ity types, but, as
generalizations,
they do help in defining the position's
needs. Note that we all tend toward one
personality type or the other. Being
introverted is not bad — positions that
warrant little supervision or positions
such as in research and development
need a more introspective, introverted
type of personality. Customer service
and sales positions tend toward a more
extroverted type of personality.
Three examples of more specific
types of personalities (utilizing Carl
Jung's personality breakdowns) are
presented. Read the specifics on each
and press the number that corresponds
to what you feel is the primary person-
ality requirement for the position of-
fered (Thinker, Sensor, Intuitor or
Feeler). Then list your second and third
choices. Though we are a combination
of all of the above, we tend more toward
one type than another. And each posi-
tion needs a slightly different type of
personality.
Next you are asked to list five pri-
mary duties of the position and to
estimate the number of hours it will take
to accomplish each duty on a weekly
basis. Notice there is a "trap" that tells
us when we have made the position
"undoable." It is undoable if you have
90 hours of work to accomplish in 40
hours. With such things, we have to be
realistic. If all we create is frustration,
the employee will not be with us for very
long!
Input to whom the employee will be
directly reporting. Notice there is only
one choice. An employee should be
directly subordinate to only one person.
The employee will avoid conflicting
requirements and the supervisor will
know exactly what is going on with the
individual. (We all can remember when
Father said "no" to something — so we
went to as k Mother !)
You are then
asked if your sub-
ject is part of man-
agement. If so,
then list the
number of people
subordinate to
that individual.
Remember, it is
normally sug-
gested that no more than eight to 10
people be directly subordinate to any
one individual. Often, as in the case of
retail management when the manager is
also required to sell, it is best to have
even less employees directly subordi-
nate. If there are not enough hours in
the day to allot time to each task and
individual, the job will not get done!
"Putting a
person who
doesn't 'f if into a
position is much
like trying to
hammer a nail
with a saw!"
Determine the salary range and
whether or not it is flexible. Flexibility
of salary is often a primary requirement
to the most qualified individuals.
After you answer yes or no to the
question of flexibility, the program is
printed out. Be sure to have your printer
on and ready. If you have any specific
printer codes for your printer, they go
in lines 1000 through 1030.
The space left open for printer codes
is there for you to develop your own
format for the printout. Since there are
a variety of printers set at various baud
rates, it is best that you utilize your own
special codes. If you developed notes
before running the program, entering
the data is much easier, and your pre-
sentation will be much more organized.
Outline of Management Success
To maximize use of the printout, you
should consider these factors:
A) Did you search out as much infor-
mation as possible from as many sourc-
es as possible so that you have a concise
and well-formulated job description?
• Did you review the responsibilities of
the person who formerly held the posi-
tion, how well he or she accomplished
the task, in what aspects he or she
lacked the ability to perform the job and
why, and, most importantly, what type
of person (personality) he or she is?
• Did you discuss with the supervisor
exactly what the position requires?
• If you have hired before for the po-
sition and the individual was not well-
suited for it, how did you learn from
your mistakes?
• When you were listing requirements,
did you put too much of your own
biased thoughts and personality into
each requirement, or did you really try
to maintain an objective viewpoint?
• Did you fully research all possible
aspects of the position?
B) Did you review the company itself
from both a reputation standpoint and
from a company-needs, stage of devel-
opment standpoint?
• All companies are in some stage of
development. Because of their organi-
zational development, they have differ-
ent needs at different stages.
Start-up: To
survive, a com-
pany at this stage
must have strong
leadership and
people with a high
degree of flexibil-
ity.
Development:
The company be-
gins to define its
operating mores, structure and roles of
its employees. Product development
and sales are emphasized. Crises are
created because of individual loss of
autonomy.
Consolidation: A period in which the
organization considers its gains and
losses. It looks into further develop-
ment while consolidating its present
position. This period needs strong
direction.
Plateau: Little or no change is evi-
dent. Perhaps no new ideas or proposals
are generated, or skills are not available.
If alternate strategies are not developed,
the company may lose its edge in the
market.
Expansion: The company expands
January 1 988 THE RAINBOW 1 07
-JOB DESCRIPTION-
POSITION : COPY EDITOR
REPORTS TO : MANAGING EDITOR
SALARY RANGE . : FLEXIBLE
STAFF SIZE :
PERSONS
PARTICULAR DUTIES :
EDIT SUBMISSIONS AND HAVE TYPESET
20 HRS./WK.
PROOFREAD EACH ARTICLE BEFORE PASTE -UP
10 HRS./WK.
WRITE INHOUSE COPY (ADS , HEADLINES , ETC.)
5 HRS./WK.
ANSWER CORRESPONDENCE/ CALLS
5 HRS./WK.
PROOFREAD ARTICLES AFTER PASTE-UP
10 HRS./WK.
* Job, as listed, is undoable at 50 hours per week total
POSITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES':
HIGH -> EDIT/WRITE COPY FOR EACH ISSUE
HIGH -> DIRECT COPY THROUGH ALL STAGES OF PRODUCTION
HIGH -> ENSURE ACCURACY AND STYLE CONFORMITY OF EACH ARTICLE
MEDIUM -> ASSIST MANAGING EDITOR WITH PRODUCTION TASKS
We are looking for someone that is most happy working alone
and does not need a social environment in which to work.
1 . We want a person that enjoys tackling problems with logic
is strong on analysis, a methodical worker and good at research.
Will be good with facts and figures? and, analysis.
2 . We want someone that enjoys playing with ideas and theories,
can see the overview, is creative and imaginative.
Good with long-term planning, lateral thinking and is intuitive.
3 . We want someone that is good at getting things done,
enjoys routine work, has common sense, works hard and is practical.
Good at initiating projects, negotiating, converts ideas/action.
with development, introduction or
modification of products, etc., or by
acquisition. Direction, leadership and
new ideas are beneficial.
Declining: Rising costs, outdated
products, etc., cause the company to
decline. Flexibility, direction and firing
excess personnel are imperative or the
company will be forced out of business.
• Attracting the highest quality appli r
cants is imperative. A company's repu-
tation will often determine the quality
of its applicants for various positions.
The better the reputation, the higher
their quality. If the reputation is not so
good, perhaps higher salaries or addi-
tional benefits may bring quality appli-
cants to your company. Of course,
having a good reputation at the present
is not a guarantee for the future.
Keeping all these factors in mind and
using them to your best advantage will
help you build the best possible job
description on your expectations for the
position you want to fill. It seems no
matter how good our systems for hiring
are, we tend to do no better than about
50 percent in our success-to-failure
ratios. Anything that increases the
percentage of successes will be benefi-
cial in time, money and satisfaction.
Of course, realizing what you and
your company actually need in a certain
position is only a beginning. Interview-
ing, training/ developing, motivational
factors, etc., all play their roles. Creat-
ing job descriptions only helps you see
what you need. You have to create your
own paths. Putting a person who doesn't
"fit" into a posi-
tion is much like
trying to hammer
nails with a saw!
Your success ra-
tios won't be very
good, there's too
much effort in-
volved and it's
hard on the saw.
(Questions or
comments may be directed to the author
at 42 South Windsor, Atlantic City, NJ
0840L Please enclose an SASE when
requesting a reply.) □
Editor's Note: This program is written on the Korean CoCo 3. Pokes are used that allow true lowercase
letters, but many of the older Co Cos do not allow this. For 16 K Co Cos with Extended Color BASIC, type
PCLERR2 before running the program to eliminate difficulties. For the older CoCo% eliminate POKE
65314,40 a«tfPQ!<E65314, 48 in the following lines: 170, 280, 330 t 500, 560, 910, 920, 1500, 1630, 1650
Line 1650 contains two of these pokes.
E
170 60 1280
280 138 1380
360 77 1530
550 207 END
1120 132
184
230
219
139
The listing: JOB DESC
1 1 JOB-DESC
2 » LARRY M. PAROUBEK
3 1 COPYRIGHT (C) 1986
4 1 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
lj3 CLS:GOSUBl 6)3)3
2)3 CLEARlj3j3j3
I) 3)3 CLS:TITLE$=" -CREATING JOB DE
SCRIPTION-" : PRINT@2 , TITLE$
II) 3 PRINT § 9 6," WHAT IS THE JOB T
ITLE": PRINT: INPUT TT$
15) 3 CLS:PRINT@2,TITLE$
16) 3 PRINT@129 , "Overview the posi
tion and input the number of res
ponsibilities of the position."
:PRINT@2 64, "<MAXIMUM OF NINE>":P
RINT@384," Think of responsibili
ty items that must be handled
on a daily, weekly or mont
hly basis, -positional-";
17) 3 POKE65314,48:I$^INKEY$:IFI$=
108 THE RAINBOW January 1988
" "THEN17j3 ELSE IF VAL(I$)<1 OR V
AL(I$)>9 THEN17j3
180 RESPONSIBLE=VAL(I$)
19j3 FORX=l TO RE:CLS:PRINT@2,TTT
LE$: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT" LIST RESP
ONSIBILITIES -BE SPECI
FIC ! -•• : PRINT : PRINT : LINEINPUTA$ ( X
) : NEXTX
2j30 FORX=l TO RE:CLS:PRINT@34,"R
ATE RESPONSIBILITIES 1 -9": PRINT
@66,"9 IS HIGH, 1 IS LOW" : PRINT@
256,"* ";A$(X)
210 PRINT© 4 2 0, 11 < INPUT 1 - 9>"
220 I$=INKEY$:IFI$=""THEN220 ELS
EIF VAL(I$)<1 OR VAL(I$)>9 THENP
RINT§352," OFF SCALE - TRY AGAIN
. . . " :GOTO220 ELSE230
230 A(X)=VAL(I$) :NEXTX
250 CLS:PRINT§1, "WHAT TYPE OF PE
RSONALITY DO YOU FEEL YOU NEED?"
260 PRINTS 12 8, "1. INTROVERT - MO
ST HAPPY BY THEMSELVES, DOING
THEIR OWN ' THING . . .
270 PRINT@256, "2 . EXTROVERT - IN
TERACTION WITH OTHERS GIVES THE I
R LIFE MEANING."
280 PRINT § 4 20, "< INPUT 1 OR 2>":P
0KE65314,48
290 I$=INKEY$ : IFI$=" "THEN290ELSE
IF VAL(I$)<1 OR VAL(I$)>2THEN290
ELSE PERSON=VAL(I$)
300 CLS : PRINT© 1 , "RATING INDIVIDU
AL'S STRENGTH -WHERE DO YOU NE
ED THE STRENGTH-"
310 PRINT (§9 6, "1. THINKER : Good
with facts andfigures, researchi
ng, analysis, accounting, etc.":
PRINT" 2. SENSOR : Good at initia
ting projects, negotiating, con
verts ideas into action."
320 PRINT"3. INTUITOR : Good at
long-term planning, creative wri
ting, lateral thinking, brai
nstorming. 11 ; : PRINT "4 . FEELER : G
ood at cementing relationships
, counseling, public relati
ons." : PRINT© 481, "<RATE MOST IMPO
RTANT FIRST>";
330 FORX=l T03:POKE65314,48
340 I$=INKEY$:IFI$=""THEN340 ELS
EIF VAL(I$)<1 OR VAL(I$)>4 THEN 3
40 ELSE350
350 IF X=l THEN N1=VAL(I$) ELSE
IFX=2 THEN N2=VAL(I$) ELSEIF X=3
THEN N3=VAL(I$)
360 IF X=l THEN390 ELSEIFX=2THEN
Still keeping the books the way Grandpa did?
Then you need CoCo- Accountant
Tired of scrounging through
old shoeboxes full of receipts,
canceled checks and bills?
Looking for an easy way to
organize your finances when the
tax man calls? Then you need
CoCo-Accountant, the best-
selling home and small business
accounting program for the
Color Computer. All you have to
do is set up a chart of accounts
and begin entering transactions.
Checks, credit card expenses,
income. In any order. Just toss it
in and CoCo-Accountant sorts it
out. No fuss, no muss, no mess.
When you're through, Coco-
Accountant will dazzle you with
an array of reports that will
answer the three basic questions
we all ask about our finances:
Where did it come from? Where
did it go? And what can I deduct
from my taxes?
Here's what it can do for you:
<p List and total expenses and in-
come by month.
List and total expenses and
income by account, for any
month or the whole year.
List and total expenses or
income by payee or income
source for any month or the
whole year.
<p Track, list and summarize tax-
deductible expenses.
Track, list and summarize ex-
penses subject to sales tax. Even
calculates total sales tax you
paid!
Produce a printed spreadsheet
showing activity by month and
account for the whole year!
Balance your checkbook, of
course!
Sort entries by date and store
files on tape or disk.
& Up to 900 entries in a single file.
Requires 64K CoCo or Coco 3.
Coco-Accountant is $34.95
on tape or disk. Be sure to
specify which you want
when you order. We accept
VISA and MasterCard. COD
orders, add $3.00. Send
check or money order to the
address below or call our
toll-free order line. For infor-
mation, call 301-521-4886.
Federal Hill Software 8134 Scotts Level Rd. Baltimore, Md. 21208. Toll-free orders 800-628-2828 Ext. 850
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 109
I 3/70 ELSE 3 80
37^ IF N2=N1 THEN340 ELSE390
380 IF N3=N1 OR N3=N2 THEN340 EL
SE390
390 TYPE(X)=VAL(I$) :FORY=1504 TO
1535:POKEY,255:NEXTY:IF X=l THEN
PRINT@481,"<RATE SECOND MOST IM
PORT ANT >" ; ELSEIF X=2 THEN PRINT
@481,"<RATE THIRD MOST IMPORTANT
>";
400 NEXTX
450 CLS:PRINT@2,TITLE$:PRINT@72,
" JOB DUTIES" :PRINT@4 16," LIST 5
MAJOR DUTIES THAT YOU FEEL T
HE POSITION ENTAILS."; :PRINT@103
, "<maximum of 5>":FORX=l T05:PRI
NT© 162 , "NUMBER " ; X : PRINT : LINEINP
UT DUTIES$(X) :FORY=1248 T01311:P
OKEY, 143: NEXT Y,X
460 CLS:PRINT@2,TITLE$: PRINT© 64,
"i. ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF HOURS
PER WEEK THAT THE PARTICULAR
DUTY SHOULD TAKE TO COMPLETE .
input -integers-" ; :FORX=l T05:
PRINT@225 , DUTIES$ (X) : PRINT: INPUT
DUTIES (X) :FORY=1248 T01311:POKE
Y, 143 : POKEY+64 , 143 :NEXTY, X
470 TD=DU(1)+DU(2)+DU(3)+DU(4)+D
U(5)
500 CLS : PRINT© 2, TITLE $: PRINTS 100
, "REPORTING ARRANGEMENTS" : PRINT©
132, "SHOULD REPORT TO WHOM?":PRI
NT: INPUT SUPER$:CLS:PRINT@2,TITL
E$:PRINT@98,"Is person managemen
t?":PRINT@134,"<Y>ES OR <N>0":PO
KE65314,48
510 I$=INKEY$:IFI$=""THEN510 ELS
EIFI$="Y"THEN520 ELSEIFI$="N"THE
N550 ELSE510
520 PRINT 6320, "OVER HOW MANY PEO
PLE? " : PRINT : INPUT MANAGE
550 CLS: PRINT© 2, TITLE$: PRINT© 102
/'SALARY RANGE": PRINT© 130, "<EXAM
PLE : 25000 - 30000>" :PRINT@194,
"INPUT FIRST NUMBER -> NO $'S";:
PRINT : INPUTA : PRINT : PRINT " INPUT
SECOND NUMBER -> NO $ I S";: PRINT
: 1NPUTB
560 SALARY$="$"+STR$(A)+" -"+STR
$(B) :PRINT@418, "FLEXIBLE ? : <Y>
ES OR <N>0"; :POKE65314,48
570 I$=INKEY$:IFI$=""THEN570 ELS
EIF I$="Y" THEN FLEX$=" FLEXIBLE
4. YES" ELSEIF I$="N" THEN FLEX$=
"FLEXIBLE - NO" ELSE570
900 CLS3:P=PEEK(65314) :IF P=4 OR
P=48 THEN920 ELSE910
910 PRINT@260, "please" ;CHR$ (128)
; "prepare" ;CHR$ (128) ; "printer" ; :
POKE65314 , 48 : FORX=1TO200 : NEXTX : S
OUND1,1:GOTO900
920 FORX=l T012 : SOUND160 , 1 : NEXTX
: PRINT© 2 60, "PRESS ANY KEY TO PRO
CEED" ; : POKE65314 , 40.-EXEC44539
1000 'LINES 1000 - 1030 IS SPACE
PROVIDED FOR YOUR OWN
PARTICULAR PRINTER CODES.
1010 'PROGRAM IS WRITTEN FOR
80 CHARACTER PER LINE
PRINTOUT . . .
1020 'USE THIS AREA FOR YOUR
PRINTER • S BAUD RATE . . .
1030 'USE THIS AREA FOR ANY
SPECIAL PRINTER CODES . . .
1100 CLS0:PRINT@42 6 /'working"; :P
OKE65494,0:PRINT#-2,"
-JOB DESCRIPTION-"
1110 PRINT#-2:PRINT#-2," P
OSITION : ";TT$:PRINT#-2: PRINT #-
2," REPORTS TO : ";SUPER$:
PRINT#-2:PRINT#-2," SALARY
RANGE : ";SALARY$:PRINT#-2,"
";FLEX$
1120 IF MANAGE >0 THEN1130 ELSE1
140
1130 PRINT* -2: PRINT* -2," S
TAFF SIZE : "; MANAGE;" PERSONS"
1140 PRINT#-2:PRINT#-2," P
ARTICULAR DUTIES : "
1150 FORX=l T05:PRINT#-2,"
";DUTIES$(X) :PRIN
T#-2," • "
;DUTIES (X) ; " HRS ./WK. " :NEXTX
1160 IF TD>40 THEN PRINT#-2,"
* Job, as listed
, is undoable at ";TD;" hours pe
r week total" ELSE1170
1170 PRINT#-2:PRINT#-2," P
OSITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES : ":X
=0
1180 X=X+1:IF X>RE THEN1210 ELSE
1190
1190 IF A(X) >7 THEN1200 ELSE118
1200 PRINT#-2," HIGH
-> " ;A$(X) :GOTO1180
1210 X=0
1220 X=X+1:IFX>RE THEN1250 ELSE1
230
1230 IF A(X) <=7 AND A(X) >4 THE
N1240 ELSE1220
1240 PRINT#-2," MEDIUM
-> ";A$(X) :GOTO1220
1250 X=0
1260 X=X+l:IFX>RE THEN1290 ELSE1
270
1270 IF A(X) <=4 AND A(X)>£ THEN
1280 ELSE1260
110 THE RAINBOW January 1988
1280 PRINT#-2," LOW
-> ";A$(X) :GOTO1260
129)3 X=0:PRINT#-2:IFPERSON=1 THE
N1300ELSE1310
13) 3)3 PRINT#-2," We are loo
king for someone that is most ha
ppy working alone" : PRINT#-2 , "
and does not need a social e
nvironment in which to work." : PR
INT#-2:GOTO1320
131) 3 PRINT#-2," We are loo
king for someone that is a peopl
e person" :PRINT#-2," whose
challenge is inter-action with o
ther people. ":PRINT#-2
132) 3 X=X+1:IFX>3 THEN15)3)3
133) 3 IF TYPE(X)=1 THEN134)3 ELSE1
36)3
134) 3 PRINT#-2," ";X;". We
want a person that enjoys tackli
ng problems with logic" :PRINT#-2
, 11 is strong on analysis
, a methodical worker and good a
t research.": PRINT #-2,"
Will be good with facts and figu
res; and, analysis."
1350 PRINT#-2:GOT0132)3
136)3 IF TYPE (X) =2 THEN1370 ELSE1
390
1370 PRINT#-2," ";X;". We
want someone that is good at get
ting things done,":PRINT#-2,"
enjoys routine work, has c
ommon sense, works hard and is p
ractical.":PRINT#-2," Go
od at initiating projects, negot
iating, converts ideas/action.
1380 PRINT#-2:GOT0132)3
1390 IF TYPE (X) =3 THEN14)3)3 ELSE1
420
14) 3)3 PRINT#-2," ";X;". We
want someone that enjoys playing
with ideas and theories, ": PRINT
#-2 , " can see the overvi
ew, is creative and imaginative.
":PRINT#-2," Good with 1
ong-term planning, lateral think
ing and is intuitive."
141) 3 PRINT#-2:GOT0132)3
142) 3 IF TYPE (X) =4 THEN143)3 ELSE1
320
1430 PRINT#-2," ";X;". We
want someone that is good at cem
enting team relationships, 11 :PRIN
T#-2," counseling, arbit
rating, public relations and is
perceptive .": PRINT#-2 , "
Enjoys social contact and can ea
sily talk with anyone."
1440 PRINT#-2:GOT0132)3
1500 CLS:PRINT@65, "Do you wish t
o print another Job Descripti
on ?"; :PRINT@260, "<Y>es or <N>
O"; :POKE65314,48
1510 I$=INKEY$:IFI$=""THEN1510 E
LSEIFI$="Y"THEN20 ELSEIFI$="N"TH
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1520 CLS:PRINT@100, "Thank you fo
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PRINT§23)3 , "JOB DESCRIPTION" : PRIN
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aroubek" : POKE65314 , 48 : F0RX=1 T08
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32EDEP32CP32D":NEXTX:PLAY"T801L3
2 CDEGB02 DFL1A"
1530 POKE65494,0:CLS:END
1600 CLS:FORX=l)324 T01)355STEP2 : P i
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1610 FORX=l)356T01472STEP64:POKEX
, 175 : POKEX+3 2,191: POKEX+3 1 , 175 : P
OKEX+6 3 ,191: NEXTX
1620 PRINT @ 9 9, "CREATING A";:PRIN
T§200, "job description" ; : PRINT©
295, "BY" ; :PRINT@330, "LARRY M. PA
ROUBEK" ; : PRINT@362 , "COPYRIGHT (C
) 1986" ; : PRINT@394 , "ALL RIGHTS R
E SERVED" ;
1630 POKE65314,4)3
1640 PLAY"T302V12L8P4AP8AP8AL16D
FEL8V6P8AP8AP8AL16DFE03V16L8P8AP
8AP8AL16DFE01V1)3L8P8AP8AP8AL16DF
EP803V18L32AP3202AP3201AP1603AP3
202AP3201AP8L16DF02V26L16EE-EE-E
E-EE-L8 . E"
1650 PRINT@456, "speed poke? Y/N"
; : P0KE65314 , 48 : F0RX=1 TO40 : NEXTX
:PRINT@456, "SPEED POKE? Y/N";:PO
KE65314,48:FORX=l 1080: NEXTX
1660 I$=INKEY$:IFI$=""THEN165)3 E 1
LSEIFI$="Y"THEN SP=65495 ELSEIF
I$="N"THEN SP=65494 ELSE165)3
1670 POKESP,)3:FORX=l)324 T01151:P
OKEX, 128: NEXTX: F0RX=1152 T01535:
A=RND ( 3 ) +176 : POKEX , A : NEXTX
1680 POKE1220,10:POKE1221,15:POK
E1222 , 2 : P0KE1225 , 4 : POKE1226 , 5 : PO
KE1227 , 19 : POKE1228 , 3 : POKE1229 , 18
: POKE1230 , 9 : POKE1231, 16 '.P0KE1232
, 20'. POKE1233 , 9 : P0KE1234 , 15 : P0KE1
235,14:POKE1236,19
1690 POKE1510,16:POKE1511,18:POK
E1512 , 5 : POKE1513 , 19 : P0KE1514 , 19 :
POKE1516 , 1 : POKE1517 , 14 : POKE1518 ,
25 : POKE1520 , 11 : POKE1521 , 5 : POKE15
22,25:POKE1524,97:EXEC44539
1700 RETURN
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 111
Hom e H el p
Keep tax records in order
Prepar
By Robert S. Schlottmann
$ome of you, if you are like me, know very little about
filling out income tax forms. And what's more, you
don't want to know very much about it. Trying to fill
out those IRS forms is about as exciting as sitting in the
woods and watching a log rot.
Consequently, every year around tax time I used to gather
all my cancelled checks, receipts and other pertinent
information from the previous year and sort it all into
categories. Then I figured the totals and entered them on
the form my tax accountant sent me annually, and mailed
it all to him. Two or three weeks later, he would send me
the completed forms and I would sign them and send them
to the IRS.
This system worked very well for me and saved me a lot
of mental anguish. All I needed to know were the categories
to use in sorting my records. However, three years ago, to
make things even easier, I started using my Color Computer
and Tax Info to keep the records. Now I merely enter any
tax-relevant items at the end of each month and am
prepared for tax time.
I can look at entries by date, name or account, and
determine what each entry was for. I can look at my monthly
utility bills (since I have an office in the home, I need to
keep these records, too) and graph them on the screen or
dump the graph to the printer. I can also very easily retrieve
the records from previous years for comparison. When tax
time comes, I simply tell the computer that I want a printout
of all accounts, and all the individual entries with their totals
are printed for each account. I then send the printout to
my tax accountant. If I am ever questioned by the IRS, I
will have detailed information about each entry that goes
into every account total.
The Programs
Four programs comprise Tax Info, TAX.BAS, shown in
Listing 1, is a short BASIC program that sets up the title
screen, loads in a machine language program, and asks you
which year's data you want. TRXINFO.XX, Listing 2, is the
main program, the one used for entering and retrieving data.
To enter data, it uses a modification of a procedure
Robert Schlottmann is a professor of psychology at
Oklahoma State University. He uses his Co Co for word
processing, communicating with a mainframe, and for
scoring and interpreting psychological tests.
developed by Henry Grace {HOT Co Co, October 1983) that
creates DATA lines in your program for you.
SETUP , BflS, Listing 3, is a utility program that allows you
to set up abbreviations for names, places, accounts and a
number code (which I will explain later). Tax Info was
designed to be used with REVFIELD.BIN, a machine
language program developed by Ray Gauvreau (THE
RAINBOW, August 1983) that provides inverse video (light
characters on a dark screen). Ray's program also has other
nice features not implemented by Tax Info that allow you
to control printing speed and protect part of the screen from
scrolling. You can avoid using REVFIELD.BIN altogether by-
deleting Line 1 10 in Listing 1 , all POKE 32544+54 statements,
in Listing 2, and by changing all EXEC commands to CL5.
System Requirements
The programs require at least 32K, a disk drive and
Extended Color BASIC. Although a monitor is not required,
it displays inverse video better than a TV. You also need an
Epson-compatible printer.
To modify the printer control codes for other printers,
you will need to change the following lines: 200 (UL$ defines
Gemini's and Epson's underline start code), 210 (NU$ defines
the underline stop code), and 220 (EES defines the ex-
panded, or large, print code). You will also have to provide
your own screen dump routine (lines 1640 through 1730)
for the bar graph.
Several screen dump programs for a variety of printers
are available from past issues of THE RAINBOW, including
one in the May 1985 issue that provides a full-page dump
for the Gemini and Epson, but is painfully slow. The one
included in Tax Info is no speed demon and produces a
smaller graph, but it is several times faster. If you do not
have an Epson-compatible printer, another alternative is to
delete the screen dump routine altogether and simply
replace it with a RETURN statement.
Getting Set Up
First, load TAXINFD .XX and edit Line 240 to read 240
Nfl$="???" where ??? is your name. Then save the program
using 88 in place of XX. In other words, if you are planning
to enter records for the year 1988, use the last two digits
as the extension (i.e., TAX INFO. 88). If you are entering rec-
ords from 1987, use 87 as the extension. You should make
a backup copy and keep a version of TfiXINFO.XX as is,
however, so you can repeat the process the following year
when the new tax period begins.
The Complete
Guide to OS-9
Authors Dale Puckett and Peter Dibble show how to
take advantage of OS-9's multitasking and multiuser
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□ The Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9
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The Complete Rainbow Guide
to OS-9 Level II, Vol. I
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(indicate choice of tape or disk) $8.95
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Please note: The tapes and disks offered by The Rainbow Bookshelf are not stand-alone
products. That is, they are intended to be an adjunct and complement to the books, Even
If you buy the tape or disk, you will still need the appropriate book. OS-9® is a registered
trademark of the Microware Systems Corporation.
Next, run SETUP. This program does
not use the inverse video procedure
since you will be accessing disk files
often. After running SETUP a menu
appears that provides you with the
following options:
1 — Number codes
2 — Names
3 — Places
4 — Accounts
5 — Taxinfo
First, select Option 1, "Number
codes," by pressing 1 and then ENTER.
Number codes are used when making
entries for which there is no check
number. Another menu appears:
1 — Enter new info
2 — List entries
3 —Modify
To get set up, select Option 1, "Enter
new info." You will be asked for a code
(respond with a number — a check
number, for example). After you enter
one, you will be asked for the full entry,
"new entry." For example, I use the
following entry codes: 000 for deposits,
001 for cash payment, 002 for travel,
etc. When prompted for "new entry" I
would enter "deposits," "cash payment"
and "travel," etc.
Let me explain. When entering data
in Tax Info, the first thing asked for is
a number. I use the code number 000 to
indicate that the entry refers to a deposit
that I made to my account from earn-
ings I received from my private practice
or other sources (such as income re-
ceived for this article). You should also
use 000 to indicate deposits since it is the
only number code that will also give you
a total. This is helpful in getting a total
for all deposits regardless of account
category.
The code 001 tells me that I paid cash
for something that is tax-deductible and
that I should look for evidence of this
transaction among my cash receipts
instead of searching for a cancelled
check. The code 002 tells me that the
following information pertains to travel
(I'll explain more about this later). The
code 003 tells me that the following
information is for reporting interest
income. The code 004 is for interest
expense. The code 005 tells me that I
paid for something with a charge card
and there is no check number or can-
celled check for that entry.
You should decide on your own
number codes to use. The codes simply
provide information on any entry for
which you do not have a cancelled
check. Note: The only requirement
other than using 000 for deposits to
your account is that the code number
-1 be reserved to exit from the data
entry routine. The code -1 tells the
computer that no more entries are to
follow.
After each code and the full entry are
entered, the prompt "Again" will ap-
pear. You must respond by pressing
either Y or N and then ENTER. If you
press Y you can enter additional
number codes. If you press N, your
codes will be stored in a file called
NUMBER - DRT and you will be returned
to SETUP'S main menu.
After returning to SETUP'S main
menu, select Option 2, "Names." At the
next menu, press 1 to enter new infor-
mation. Then you are prompted to enter
a six-digit maximum code for any
person, store, company or whatever.
For example, if you write a check to
John Smith, you may want to code it
as JOHNS or something similar. The
reason for the codes is that Tax Info
uses CoCo's standard 32-by-16 display,
and there is only so much that can be
shown on one line. Tax Info stores these
codes and the full entry in a file called
NAMES. DRT that will probably become
quite lengthy after a couple of years'
use.
Option 3 in SETUP'S menu, "Places,"
is for creating code names for cities or
places you visited that involve tax-
deductible travel expenses. Your codes
will be stored in a file called PLR-
CES.DRT. Option 4, "Accounts," is for
creating codes for various accounts.
Some of the codes I use are UTIL for
utilities, BUS INC for business income,
I NT INC for interest income, etc. If you
plan to deduct travel expenses, you
must use BUS. PROF TRAVEL as the full
entry for your travel code. Type it in
exactly as I have indicated here. You can
store a maximum of 40 such codes.
1987 TAX INFORMATION
BILL WILLIAMS
1548 223 SCHRIB 2$.$$ DOCS
1581 329 WILBUR 10.00 DOCS
1713 809 SCHRIB 5,23 DOCS
TOTAL FOR DOCTORS & DENTISTS IS-
CO-PAVMT FOR PHYSICAL
CO-PAYMT ANNUAL DENTAL FOR BILL
UNSETTLED INS FOR FLU - BILL
$35.23
15(33
115
TAYLOR
13.97
MEDIC
PRESC
FOR
BILL
TOTAL
FOR HOSPITALS IS-
$13.97
1559
306
BOBC
500.00
DONATE
UNITED WAY
5
502
WSKY
50 .00
DONATE
RADIO
CONTRIBUTION
TOTAL
FOR DONATIONS IS-
$550.00
1496
103
SUSAN
130.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND
JOHN
1534
204
SUSAN
130.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND
JOHN DAYCARE
1557
303
SUSAN
130.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND
JOHN DAYCARE
1593
405
SUSAN
140.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND JOHN W/ INCREASE
1614
503
SUSAN
140.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND
JOHN DAYCARE
1647
603
SUSAN
140.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND
JOHN DAYCARE
1683
704
SUSAN
140.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND
JOHN DAYCARE
1705
803
SUSAN
140.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND
JOHN DAYCARE
1761
902
SUSAN
140.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND
JOHN DAYCARE
1803
1003
SUSAN
140.00
DAYCAR
SALLY
AND
JOHN DAYCARE
TOTAL
FOR BIG
BIRD DAYCARE 15-
$1370.00
3
402
F-NAT
33.45
INTINC
SAVINGS
3
705
F-NAT
34.56
INTINC
SAVINGS
3
1007
F-NAT
37.23
INTINC
SAVINGS
TOTAL
FOR INTEREST INCOME IS-
$105.24
0
416
UMC
300 .00
MISC
INCOME FOR SEMINAR
TOTAL
FOR MISCELLANEOUS
IS-
$300.00
saur-
ian
t-A QWTH
116
THE RAINBOW January 19BB
?fe TOM MIX COMPANIES
FLIGHT 16*f - This is the very finest flight simulation
program on the market today. Flight 16 will work with
all color computers. Flies very much like a Cessna 150.
Is a full instrument aircraft with sound effects and out-
the-window graphics. As a REAL bonus feature, you may
design your own airports and flight areas.
$34.95
WORLDS OF FLIGHT* t - A real-time flight simulation
of a sophisticated ultra-light aircraft which generates
panoramic 3-D views of ground features as you fly in any
of nine different "worlds. The manual included explains
the instrument panel, the basis of flight control, etc. For
the serious simulation buff!
$30.95
32K
P51 MUSTANG ATTACK/FLIGHT SIMULATIONS - The
ultimate video experience! For the first time ever, two
CoCo's can be linked together via cable modem. (If play-
ing via modem, both computers require a copy of the
program.) Or play alone and sharpen your skills against
a non-combatant computer drone.
$30.95 32K
APPROACH CONTROL SIMULATION* -"Caught in a
blinding snowstorm, two jet airliners are on a collision
course. Hundreds of lives are at stake! A high-speed
disaster is inevitable unless you act fast. . .." This and
many other scenarios await you as the Air Traffic Con-
troller. Experience firsthand challenges, frustrations and
pressures felt by all Air Traffic Controllers!
$25.95 32K
THE KING*f ■ This is a color computer classic! Looks
and plays like the popular arcade game. Contains the
same four screens as the original: barrels, pins, jacks,
and conveyors. Super graphics!
$25.95 32K
TRAPFALL*f - The "pitfalls" in this game are many.
Fight your way through the jungle collecting hidden
treasures as you go.
$20.95 16K
KATERPILLAR ll*t - The CoCo has needed a perfect
centipede-type game since day one. You will throw all
imitations aside when you see this.
$20.95 16K
BUZZARD BAIT*t - We've done it again. Outstanding
high resolution graphics and sound make this "joust
type game a must for your software collection. One or
two players.
$20.95 32K
MS. MAZE*f - Ms. Maze combines brilliant color, high
resolution, detailed graphics and music to make it look
and play like the arcade version. It is the closest thing
to the arcade Pac games that we've seen for the CoCo!
Arcade Aces — this one's for you!
$20.95 32K
CUBER*f - The hazards faced by Cuber are many! Help
him change the colors of the pyramid while avoiding the
many dangers always present.
$20.95 32K
FANGMAN*t - Based on the Dracula legend, you are
Dracula, stalking, invading villagers. Several levels of dif-
ficulty and a Bonus Clock make it fun!
$20.95 16K
DRAGON SLAYER* - Save the villagers of Pendor from
Icarus, the bloodthirsty dragon! He lives in a cave way
up in the mountains, which is a treasure chest full of gems
and cashbags. Be on the lookout for enemies and bar-
riers at all times! Ten levels with sixteen rooms per level;
over 160 exciting screens.
$20.95 32K Disk only
THE SAILOR MAN* t - Avoid the punches of the Bigfat-
badguy and the flying bottles thrown by the Olduglysea-
woman to rescue Elsie and win her heart! One or two
players. More great sound and graphics from the author
of "The King!*
$25.95 64K
GOLD FINDER *t - Here's the quality you have come
to expect from TOM MIX! While avoiding enemies, pick
up all the pieces of gold along the way; then ride, the
elevator to the top to solve each level. Sixty-nine levels.
PLUS now you can create your own levels.
$20.95 32K Disk only
DONUT DILEMMA* - Angry Angelo has raided Antonio's
Donut Factory sending the entire complex into a frenzy!
Donuts have come alive and all the machines are out
of control. Hurry! Time is running out!
$20.95 32K
NEUTROIDS - Fast-paced action, super graphics and,
above all else, sound from your CoCo like you've never
heard before! Complete each grid quickly before the par-
ticle vault reaches the meltdown state!
$20.95
16K
MONEYOPOLY*t - Now you can play the popular board
game on your color computer! Probably the most realistic
computer board game simulation ever. Contains all the
features of the original game. Two to four players.
$20.95 32K
BATTLE STATIONS - Here is another realistic and fun
remake of a popular board game! Place your ships for
battle and pit your skill, strategy and luck against the cun-
ning logic of the computer.
$20.95 32K
SPECIAL OFFER:
Order two, take $5.00 off total
Three or more, take $8.00 off total
WAREHOUSE MUTANTS *t - Journey through the
warehouse seeking out the invading mutants who are
out to destroy you. Watch out! They will break out of their
crates and push them at you in the hopes of crushing you!
$20.95 16K
DRACONIAN *f - Your mission is to destroy ail of the
enemy bases within each sector, rescue as many
astronauts as possible and dock with the friendly base
at the top of the sector. Your spaceship can move in eight
different directions. An exciting program with outstanding
graphics and sound!
$20.95 32K
THE FROG* - Cross the busy highway to the safety of
the median and rest a while before you set out across
the swollen river teaming with hidden hazards. Super
graphics and sound.
$20.95 16K
THE MARTIAN CRYPT* - A graphic adventure with
sound effects and over 30 screens of animated hi-res
graphids! Man discovers that life once existed on Mars!
$20.95 32K
VEGAS SLOTS - CoCo III Only - Seven of the most
popular slot machine games found in Vegas are yours
for the price of one: MultiBars, Fruit MuitiBars, Right-
Left/Left-Right, Lucky Dollar, Melons and Bars, Fruit and
Bar 5. Designed to be as real as being there. One of the
most outstanding programs we have ever offered.
$29.95 Disk only
VIDEO CARDS & KENO - CoCo III Only - Play Video
Poker, Jokers Wild, Blackjack, and Keno. These games
are so real you expect to see Wayne Newton walk by!
Outstanding graphics and movement. Wanna Bet?
$29.95 Disk only
VEGAS GAME PAK*f - Now you can bring Las Vegas
home with you! This package contains six different
games: Video Keno, Video Poker, and Video Blackjack,
plus three slot machine lookalikes, Bar 5, 3 Line, and
Right/Left.
$24.95 16K
e|ec*TRON*t - Patterned after the popular arcade game,
there are four men on your team and four subgames to
complete.
$20.95 16K
THE WILD WEST - CoCo III Only - The notorious
desperado Black Bart has escaped from jail and is on
his way to Dry Gulch to recover his hidden fortune. Can
you capture him? Four voice music and sound effects
and a vocabulary of over 100 words!
$20.95 Disk only
WIZARD'S DEN* - Another of our outstanding graphic
adventures! You must recover the Gem of Damocles,
stolen by the Evil Wizard. His magic is strong and he
can make you see things that don't exist!
$20.95 64K Disk only
LUNCHTIME*t - Your chef, Peter Pepper, is surround-
ed! Dodge pickles, hot dogs and eggs while building ham-
burgers. Fast paced action for either one or two players.
$19.95 32K
BREWMASTER*f - Move along the end of the bars ser-
ving beers to your thirsty customers, but watch out for
falling glasses and rowdy customers!
$15*95 32K
MAUI VICE*f - Step into the shoes of Crock and Bubbs
In this graphic adventure and gather evidence. A new
story generated each time you play!
$20.95 64K extended basic, Disk only
CHAMBERS*t - Loosely based on Cosmic Chasm, in
each level you must destroy all of the evil creatures. In
all there are 20 series of chambers with 20-35 intercon-
nected rooms,
$15.95 32K
FOURCUBE*t - Fourcube is a 3-dimensional extension
of standard tictactoe. Be the first to get four cells of your
color in a straight linei
$15.95 32K
QUIX*f - Fashioned after a popular arcade game with
a similar name, it is simply frustrating. Fill in the screen
without the Quix's, sparklers or wicks touching you!
$19.95 32K
CO CO CROSSWORDS* - Attention all crossword puz-
zle addicts! Now you can solve them on your color com-
puter! Master set contains 27 puzzles with four levels of
difficulty.
$19.95 32K Disk only
Each additional set $9.95; Sets #2, #3, and #4 available.
GOLD RUNNER* - Travel the maze in your never-ending
search for gold, but be careful! Clear the first screen and
32 more await you!
$15.95 64K
TEACHERS DATABASE II* - Allows teachers to keep
computerized files of students. • Up to 100 students, 24
items per student • Statistical analysis of scores • Grades
can be weighed, averaged, percentaged • Test result
graphs/grade distribution charts
$59.95 64K TDBil Disk Only
$42.95 32KTDB
More educational software available.
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 201
Ada, Michigan 49301
616/676-8172
• Specify tape or disk when ordering
• Add $3.00 postage/handling
• Ml residents add 4% sales tax
* CoCo 1, 2, 3 compatible
f Joystick required
Write for free catalog
These codes will be stored in a file called
ACCOUNTS. DAT. Option 5, "Taxinfo,"
allows you to go straight from the
SETUP menu to TAXINFO,
Should you need to modify any of
your codes, select the appropriate op-
tion from SETUP'S main menu (e.g.,
"Accounts," if an account code is to be
changed), and then select Option 2,
"List entries," from SETUP'S second
menu. Each entry you made previously
was assigned a record number, and you
need to list the entries to determine
which record number you will need;
these record numbers will be displayed
with the listing. Press ENTER to scroll
through the list. You will be returned to
SETUP'S first menu when you have
reached the end of the scroll and press
ENTER again. Select the "Accounts"
option again. Then select Option 3,
"Modify," from SETUP'S second menu
in order to change the record. Enter the
record number you want. You will be
told to enter the new code and the full
entry, and the change will be made and
stored on disk.
Running TAXINFO
With your disk in Drive 0, simply
type RUN "TAX" and press ENTER. You
will see a title screen displayed, which
will disappear in a couple of seconds.
You will then be asked to enter the year
you want. Remember to enter the last
two digits only (e.g., 87). As you will
recall, you made some changes in TAX-
INFO. XX and saved it as TAXINFO. 88
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ABCDEFabcdef 0123
ABCDEFabcdef 0123
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ABCDEFabcdef 0123
ABCDEF abcdef0123
(Orator I)
ABCDEFabcdef 01 23
ABCDEFabcdef 0? 23
(Orator 2)
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m i c r o n i c
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(see below)
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DAYTON ASSOCIATES ffi , INC.
7201 CLA1RCREST, BLDG. D
DAYTON, OHIO 45424
OHIO RESIDENTS ADD 6% SALES TAX • C.O.D. ADD $2.00
PERSONAL SERVICE
(513) 236-1454
Visa & MasterCard
within the continental U.S.
(or 87, depending on the year you are
working on). You will then be asked to
wait while the program reads in your
codes from the account category you
just created using SETUP (if you did not
run SETUP first and create at least one
account code, you will get an IE Error).
Also, since SETUP stores all informa-
tion as a direct access file, unnecessary
spaces at the end of each string will be
eliminated when Tax Info reads them
in; this will make your later printouts
look much nicer. After a few seconds,
the main menu appears. Here are your
options:
1 —
Add
2 —
Codes
3 —
Number
4 —
Date *
5 —
Name
6 —
Account
7 —
Bar Graph
8 —
Search
• 9 —
Load
10 —
Setup
118
If you select Option 1, "Add," you
will again be asked to wait, because
BASIC will be moving the variable table
into high memory to make room for
DATA statements. It will also find the last
line of the program, which is DATA-1
(the number -1 indicates the last data
entry), and blank it out. The screen will
then clear, and you will see at the top
of the screen the statement "Space=212"
indicating how many entries you will be
able to make. If you need to make more
than 212 entries, change the PCLEAR 4
to PCLEAR 1 in Line 20. Everything
should work as usual except that you
will get an OM Error if you try to select
the Bar Graph option — that's the
tradeoff for more memory. However, it
will allow you to make 285 entries
instead of only 212. I have not found a
need for more than 212 entries per year,
but someone with a more complicated
situation might appreciate the extra
memory.
You will also be asked to indicate the
number for the entry. As mentioned
earlier, this will usually be a check
number, but it could be one of your
code numbers. Next you will be asked
for the date, which must be given as a
four-digit number, such as 0106 for
January 6, or 1017 for October 17, and
so forth. Then you will be asked to enter
a name. You should enter the code name
for the person you paid (or who paid
you, as the case may be). You will next
be asked to indicate the amount (e.g.,
65.34 for $65.34) and then the account.
Remember to enter your code for the
account (e.g., DOCS for doctors and
THE RAINBOW January 1988
dentists). Next, you will be asked for a
comment. This can be anything you
like; I usually enter some explanation of
what the entry was for. The comment
should not exceed 32 characters. Lastly,
you will be asked whether you want to
make changes. If you select Y you will
be given the opportunity to start over
on that entry.
If you forget what your code is while
you are entering numbers, names, plac-
es, or accounts, just enter the word
CODES. You will be presented with a
Codes menu that asks you which code
you want. If you select "Names," your
codes and the full entries will appear on
the screen. At the bottom of the screen,
you will be asked to make your selection
now that your memory has been re-
freshed. You can do the same thing for
number codes, accounts and places.
After you have made all your entries,
simply type -1 when you are asked to
input a number and the last DATR line
will once again be DATA-1. You will be
prompted to enter a two-digit number
for year, and your changes will be saved
to disk. You then will be returned to the
main menu.
If you select Option 2, "Codes," from
the main menu, you will be presented
with the Codes menu as mentioned
above. It can be accessed either from the
main menu or from within the Add
routine.
Selecting Option 3, "Number," from
the main menu allows you to search for
a specific check by number. It is the only
way to list your comments for the entry,
other than getting a hard copy on the
printer. If you select one of your number
codes instead of a check number, all
entries with similar numbers will be
listed. If you used 000, as I suggested
earlier, to indicate deposits into your
account, you will also get a total.
Selecting Option 4, "Date," will allow
you to list all entries within a time
period. It will ask you for a beginning
date and an ending date, and all entries
with dates between the two will be
listed. Remember that the format for
entering dates is a four-digit number
indicating month and day (e.g., 0721 for
July 21).
Option 5, "Name," allows you to list
all entries by name. If you want to see
how much you paid your physician, Dr.
Kuttum, simply enter your code for his
name exactly. You will be asked whether
money was received from or paid to
him. After that, all entries and the total
will be listed.
Option 6, "Account," lets you get a
listing of all entries by type of account
and gives you a total. It also lets you
print the results to your printer or to the
screen. When the program asks for the
account, enter your code for the ac-
count you want. You may also enter
ALL, and all of your entries for the year
will be printed, either to the screen or
to the printer, for each account. This is
the routine you would use at tax time
when you need all of your information
to forward to your tax accountant.
Incidentally, the printer routine as-
sumes you will be printing at 600 baud.
If you want to print at a faster rate,
simply type POKE 150, jc, where x is 7
for 4800 baud or 1 for 9600 baud, before
you run the program. And your serial-
to-parallel interface, if you have one,
should be set accordingly. If you have
the results printed to the screen instead
of to the printer, each entry will be listed
for the first account, a total will be
given, and after a couple of seconds the
screen will clear for the next account,
and so on.
The "Bar Graph" option, Option 7,
allows you to see graphically any pay-
ment that is made monthly. For exam-
ple, if you want to see a plot of your
monthly electricity bill, enter the code
name for your electrical company. The
program will not produce a graph of
entries by account, only by name. If you
enter the name of a company or person
that you pay on pay periods other than
a monthly basis, the label on the X axis,
"month," will be inappropriate. Since
the graph is intended only for bills paid
or
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NX-1000
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Select print mode, typeface and print pitch all from
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All the features, performance and dependability of the
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SYSTEM INCLUDES: & *%j\*\QE
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• Colour Super Gemprint
Introduce your CoCo to the World's Best Printers
This 3rd generation Blue Streak gives ail CoCos transparent access to
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DAYTON ASSOCIATES ffi,INC.
7201 CLAIRCREST, BLDG. D
DAYTON, OHIO 45424
OHIO RESIDENTS ADD 6% SALES TAX • C.O.D. ADD $2.00
PERSONAL SERVICE
(513) 236-1454
Visa & MasterCard
within the continental U.S.
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 119
monthly, it will plot only 12 entries
without going completely off the graph.
Also, entries greater than $300 will
result in an "Entry Too Large" message.
To proceed, press ENTER. You will be
asked if you want a screen dump of the
graph. If so, simply press Y. If the
printer is not turned on, you will be
prompted to turn it on.
Option 8, "Search," enables you to
find the line numbers where certain
strings are located. You can use Basic's
editing commands to make changes or
correct errors. Note, however, that the
Search routine assumes that DflTfi lines
begin in Line 10001. If you renumber
the program, it will not work properly.
Option 9, "Load," allows you to
reexamine data from previous years.
Since I have been using the program for
three years, I sometimes enter 84 or 85
to review the data from those years for
comparison.
The last option, Option 10, "Setup,"
allows you to go directly to the SETUP
program. This is useful if you have just
entered new data and created new
codes. You probably will want to store
the new data and codes using SETUP so
you can recall them at a later date.
Travel
If you deduct travel expenses, Tax
Info will let you record your trips. After
selecting "Add" from the main menu,
you will be asked to enter a number.
Simply enter your code number for
travel. Then, when asked for the name,
enter the code for the place you visited.
When asked for the amount, enter miles
driven. When asked for the account, use
your code for travel. Remember, in
setting things up, you must use BUS/
PROF TRAVEL as the full entry for your
travel code. Type it in exactly as I have
it. Do not use periods or change the way
in which it is presented here.
When I enter comments, I try to
squeeze in odometer readings from
before and after the trip as well as a very
brief explanation of what the trip was
for. Remember that the comments
should not exceed 32 characters in
length.
Starting a New Year
When you want to start over with a
new year, simply run the TPX.BAS
program. Enter XX for the year. Then,
after you have entered data, save it
(Option 8) with the appropriate two-
digit number for the year. Another way
of starting a new year is to edit TAX-
INFO. 87 (or BG) directly. Delete all
entries from Line 10001 on (unless you
renumber the program, all entries start
at this line). If you edit the program
directly, make absolutely certain that
you enter a new Line 10001 that has
DATA-1. This must always be the very
last line of the program. The second
method of starting a new year would be
useful if you somehow deleted TAX-
INFO -XX from the disk.
If you have 40 or nearly 40 accounts,
it is possible you may get an OM Error.
To avoid this possibility, try to make
your accounts (the full names) as short
as possible.
If you press BREAK while running
Tax Info and then start the program
over, you will get some strange results
when printing out all the information.
More specifically, the printout will say
19DA TAX INFORMATION instead of
using the proper two-digit number for
year. This is because the program gets
the year by peeking two locations to get
the first two characters of the extension
of the last file loaded (see Line 30). By
breaking and reentering, the last file
loaded will be the ACC0UNTS.DAT file,
and the first two characters of the
extension will be DA instead of the year.
If you break from the program, you
will see only IN 240 (or whatever line
number was involved) instead of the
usual message BREAK IN 240. REV-
FIELD is responsible for this, and other-
wise does no harm.
If you list the directory, you will
notice that Tax Info takes up nine
granules of space whether entries have
been made or not. The reason is that the
program moves the variable table into
high memory the first time it is run,
making room for your DATA statements.
Entries are simply made into the space
that has already been created.
Things to Remember
At the risk of sounding repetitious,
there are several things you need to
remember:
1. Use 000 as your code number for
deposits.
2. Use -1 as your code number to exit
from "Add."
3. Use BUS/PROF TRAVEL as your full
entry for your travel code.
4. While making entries in the "Add"
routine, type the word CODES if
you need to review your codes for
number, name, place or account.
5. While in the "Accounts" routine, if
you are asked what account you
want, you may enter ALL to get a
listing of all entries by account
category.
6. Save your entries immediately
after exiting the "Add" routine to
make sure you do not forget.
7. The "Load" and "Setup" options
in the Tax Info main menu are
destructive and will wipe out your
on System
deposits, checks, ATM
36 categories to monitor
as direct deposits or
minutes* Other features
history purge and more.
Send check or M.0. for
$34.95 plus $3.00 S/H.
COD orders: add $1.00.
SC res. add 57. sales tax)
Accaunt In
Manage your checking account(s) with CAIS . Keep track of
withdrawals and other account transactions. Define up to
expenses. Set up automatic transactions for such items
pre-authorized deductions. Balance your account(s). in
include multi-drive capability, display and print options,
jZS^S^ After Five Software
Requires 1 disk drive //^Avi p -°- Bo - 210975
Printer. is optional RAINBOW Columbia, SC 29221-0975
CoCo 3 compatible ^Jg*** (803) 7BB-5995 <
Special new year's offer! Order before February 1, 1988 for only $24.95.
120
THE RAINBOW January 1988
entries if you have not saved them.
8. You must have at least one entry
in ACCOUNTS. DAT before running
TAX.BAS or you will get an IE
Error.
9. If the program bombs, you may
type GOTO 270 to return to the
main menu without losing any
entered data that has not yet been
saved.
(Questions or comments regarding
this program may be directed to the
author at 223 S. Edna St., Stillwater,
OK 74075. Please enclose an SASE
when requesting a reply.) □
Editor's Note: The program REVFIELD.BIN, from
August 1983, will be included on this month's
RAIN BOW ON TA PE and RAIN BO W ON DISK. To transfer
the file from tape to disk, first enter CLEAR
208,32543, then enter CLOADWREVFIELD". Then
type SAVEM"REVFIELD .BIN",&H7F20, &H7FDF ,
Listing 1: TAX.BAS
lj3 CLS
20 FOR X=l TO 68
30 READ Y:POKE Ij324+Y,128
4j3 NEXT X
5j3 FOR X=1T07:READ Y: POKE 102 4+Y,
139: NEXT
6j3 FOR X=1T07 : READY : POKElj324+Y, 1
4 1 : NEXT : POKE 113 2,142: POKE 12 2 5,14
2:POKE1165,135:POKE1258,135
7j3 PRINT@332," (C) 1985" ; : PRINT§3
9j3, "ROBERT S. SCHLOTTMANN" ; : PRIN
T§424,"223 S. EDNA ST. " ; :PRINT@4
54, "STILLWATER, OK 74075";
80 FOR 1=1 TO 800:NEXTI
100 CLEAR 200,32543
110 LOADM"REVFIELD/BIN" : EXEC
120 PRINT@266,"ENTER YEAR" : PRINT
@295,"(LAST 2 DIGITS)"
130 INPUT A$
140 B$="TAXINFO"+CHR$ (47)+A$
150 LOAD B$,R
160 DATA97,98,99,101,102,103,105
,124,125,126
,109,111,113,117,119,120,121,123
170
145,
166,
184,
180
209,
231,
252,
190
244
200
205
DATA130,
146,149,
167,171,
187,190
DATA194,
212,213,
233,237,
253,254
DATA137,
133,135,138,140,143,
151,155,158,162,165,
175,177,179,181,183,
197,199,202,204,207,
215,219,222,226,229,
239,241,245,247,251,
170,178,203,211,236,
DATA106 , 114 , 139 , 147 , 172 , 180 ,
223
1390
.147
V
140 ,
350 . .
126
1560
. 62
570 ,
■ ,104
1800
, 176
840
► .« ♦ ♦ ^ 79
2040 , .
29
1020 ■
■» * • 74
2375
. . ,136
1190 .
...216
END ...
♦ . . * 28
Listing 2: TRXINF0.XX
lp POKE 27 ,118: POKE 28, M
20 EXEC: CLEAR Ij3j3)3 : PCLEAR4 : DIMC$
(BJZf)
3j3 EX$=CHR$(PEEK(2 388) )+CHR$(PEE
K(2389))
40 OPEN"D" , #1 , "ACCOUNTS/DAT" , 32 :
RN=j3
50 FIELD#1,1J3 AS A$, 22 AS B$
DMC "No Halt"
Controller
Did you know?
. . .that all the older floppy disk controllers for the
CoCo completely tie up (and even halt) the 6809 pro-
cessor during disk reads and writes? No wonder
your keyboard is constantly "losing" characters! Or
that your serial port often gives you garbage.
Unleash your CoCo's potential!
Our new Dual Mode Controller {DMC} implements a new
"no halt" mode of operation so it can read from or write
to disk all by itself. The 6809 is freed to process other
tasks and respond to interrupts. This is how OS-9 was
meant to run! But the Radio Shack "halt" mode of
operation is also retained to maintain full compatibility
with existing non-OS-9 software.
Fr««l Disk caching software included can speed up
OS-9 disk accesses.
<2\R[>I<:
£<HNOLOOI<<
Other DMC features:
• works with original CoCo, CoCo 2, or CoCo 3
(Multi-Pak required)
• no adjustments — all-digital data separator and write
precompensation
• gold plated card-edge connectors for reliability
• ROM socket takes 24 pin or 28 pin chip; dual DOS capability
• Radio Shack DOS 1.1 ROM installed
• 8K bytes cache memory on board (32K optional)
• D.R Johnson's SDISK package (specially modified for DMC) Is
included at no charge ($30 value)
• aluminum case
• fully assembled and tested; 120 day limited warranty
To order: DMC controller with RSDOS 1.1 and SDISK (specify
OS-9 Level I or II) $149.50 plus $5 S/H ($12 overseas). Add $16
for 32K RAM option. Terms (prices in $US); check, money
order, VISA. U.S.A. orders shipped via UPS from WA state.
2261 East 11th Ave., Vancouver, B.C., Canada V5N 1Z7
(Also ask about our ST-2900
6809 based expandable
single board computer)
(604) 255-4485 (Pacific Time)
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 121
WE'RE BRINGING THE COCO
RAINBOW'S
BROADENING ITS
SPECTRUM
the rainbow and the Delphi Infor-
mation Utility have joined together
to allow CoCo owners all over the
world to connect with one another!
Delphi is a full-service information
utility. It offers everything from up-
to-the-minute news stories from Thu
Associated Press to electronic mail,
services. But, best of all, it now has
a special forum for Color Computer
owners, and it's operated by the
people who bring you the rainbow
each month.
The CoCo Special Interest Group
(SIG) features a variety of services,
including an open forum where you
can send and receive messages
from Color Computer owners all
over the world. It also has several
databases to which you can upload
your favorite programs and from
which you can download programs
written by other CoCo enthusiasts.
Some of these databases are basic
programming, OS-9 and home ap-
plications.
When setting up your account with
Delphi, if you do not have a credit
card or prefer not to use it, Delphi
requires that you send $25 to give
your account a positive balance.
This will be refunded after your first
free hour if you choose to no longer
use the system or it will be applied
to future connect charges. If you do
not maintain a positive balance, you
will be charged $3.50 each month
for direct billing.
PEEK INTO THE
RAINBOW
The CoCo SIG's conference feature
allows you to meet electronically
with other members of the CoCo
Community. You can join conferen-
ces with notables such as Dale
Puckett, Cray Augsburg, Marty
Goodman, Don Hutchison, Jim
Reed, Lonnie Falk and others — on
a regular basis. Conference sched-
ules will appear in the rainbow
each month. Be sure to check online
announcements for changes and
additions.
THE OTHER SIDE
OF THE RAINBOW
On Delphi, you also are able to buy
rainbow on tape — order a whole
set, or download an individual pro-
gram immediately. You can also
renew your rainbow subscription,
make a fast and easy order for soft-
ware or hardware from a multitude
of vendors, or inquire about prod-
ucts on the CoCo SIG.
We also have a number of programs
that you can download and use, just
for the cost of the time you spend
transferring them. There'll also be
corrections for rainbow articles,
helpful hints and many other useful
features.
FREE LIFETIME
MEMBERSHIP
the rainbow is offering subscribers
a free lifetime subscription to Delphi
— a $24.95 value — and a free hour
of connect time — a $7.20 value at
either 300, 1200 or 2400 Baud — so
you can sample Delphi and the rain-
bow CoCo SIG. That's right. Your
subscription to the rainbow entitles
you to this $32.15 value as a free
bonus!
If you're not a rainbow subscriber,
just enter your order when you sign
on with Delphi and you'll get the
same great deal! For our $31 sub-
scription fee, you'll get the finest
Color Computer magazine ever, a
free lifetime subscription to Delphi
and a free hour of connect time.
SAVE EVEN MORE
Want to save even more? While
you're online you can order, for only
$29.95, a deluxe package which in-
cludes the Delphi membership, the
Delphi Handbook and Command
Card ($21.95) and a total of three
hours of connect time ($21.60).
Delphi provides us all with
Immediate CoCo Community.
Check it out today. After all, you can
sample it for free!
Problems? Call Delphi:
(800) 544-4005
(617) 491-3393
DELPH I
TYPE:
GROUP COCO
COMMUNITY TOGETHER
How to reach RAINBOW'S Color Computer SIG . . .
There are several ways to connect to Delphi and THE
rainbow's CoCo SIG. In most cities you will not even have
to pay long distance charges; you can use special data
communications networks like Telenet, Tymnet and the
Canadian Datapac network.
First, set your terminal program to operate at either 300
or 1200 Baud (depending on the modem you have), and
also select either 7 bits with even parity or 8 bits with no
parity, and one stop bit. (If one combination doesn't work,
try another.)
Decide which network you should use; There is no
surcharge for Telenet or Tymnet. Canadian residents using
Datapac will be charged an additional $10.80 (U.S.) per
hour.
On Telenet; Uninet network has merged with Telenet.
To get the Telenet number for your area, call (800) 336-
0437. After you call the local access number and make
connection, press enter twice. When the "TERMINAL="
prompt appears, press enter again. When the "@" prompt
appears, type C DELPHI and press ENTER.
On Tymnet: Call (800) 336-0149 to get the Tymnet
number for your area. After you dial your designated
number and connect, you will see either "garbage" or a
message saying "please type your terminal identifier." At
this point, even if the screen is garbled, simply press *A\
When "please log in:" appears, type DELPHI and press
ENTER.
From Canada (on Datapac): Call Delphi Customer
Service at (617) 491-3393 to get the Datapac number for
your area. After you connect, press the period key (.) and
enter (use two periods if you're using 1200 Baud). Type
SET 2:1, 3:126 and press ENTER. Now type p 1 3106,
DELPHI; and press ENTER. Delphi's new rates indicate an
additional $10.80 hourly surcharge for evening use of
Datapac, which means a total of $18 (U.S.) for connect
time.
From other countries: Many countries have their own
data networks that can connect to either Telenet or
Tymnet. Check with the telephone authorities in your
country for details on how to sign up for this service. When
you have an account set up, you can reach Delphi with
a "host code" of 31 10 6170 3088 through Telenet, or 3106
90 6015 through Tymnet. (YouH have to pay the toll
charges for this connection.)
Type in Your Username
If you're already a subscriber to the rainbow, at the
"USERNAME:" prompt, type JOINDELPHI and press
enter. At the "PASSWORD:" prompt, type RAINBOW.
Then, at the "NUMBER:" prompt, type your individual
subscription number from the mailing label of your latest
issue of THE rainbow. (If there are one or more zeros at
the beginning of this number, include them.)
If you dont already have a subscription, at the "USER-
NAME:" prompt, type JOINDELPHI and press ENTER. At
the "PASSWORD:" prompt, type 5ENDRFIINBDW and press
ENTER. Have your MasterCard, VISA or American
Express card ready, because youll be led through a series
of questions that will enable us to put your rainbow and
Delphi subscriptions into effect. In an effort to hold down
non-editorial costs, we do not bill for subscriptions.
If you make a typing error, just use Control-X and start
over. Remember that at any point, when you're on Delphi,
you can type HELP to get help on how to use the system.
To get off the system just type BYE.
If you find that you're unable to log on to Delphi and
enter thp CoCo SIG after following these instructions, call
us during afternoon business hours at (502) 228-4492. Well
be glad to offer assistance.
Come Visit Us! Type: GROUP COCO
After you sign in, you'll be prompted to set up your own,
personal "user name" — Delphi is a friendly service, no
numbers to remember — and you'll be asked a number
of questions so Delphi can set up your account. Youll also
be assigned a temporary password.
Delphi will tell you that your account will be ready after
6 p.m. the same day if you sign up before noon (Eastern
time zone.) If not, your account will be ready at 6 p.m.
the next day. Once an account is verified and opened, each
rainbow subscriber will be credited with an hour of free
time!
When you log back in, use your chosen username and
your temporary password to access the system. At that
point, you will meet Max, who will help you configure
things and will change your temporary password into your
own personal password. This is the password you will use
for subsequent sessions — or until you change it.
After Max bids you goodbye, youll wind up at the
Delphi Main Menu; type in GROUP COCO and join us on
the CoCo SIG!
60 FOR X=l TO 80 STEP2 : RN=RN+1 : G
ET#1,RN:C$ (X)=A$:C$ (X+1)=B$
70 IF LOF(l)=RN THEN 90
80 NEXTX
90 CLOSE#l
100 PRINT§266, "PLEASE WAIT";
110 FOR X=1T0 RN*2
120 FOR Y=l TO 22
130 A$=RIGHT$(C$(X) ,1)
140 F=LEN(C$(X) )-l
150 IF A$<>" " THEN 180
160 IF A$=" " THEN C$ (X) =LEFT$ (C
$(X),F)
170 NEXT Y
180 NEXT X
200 UL$=CHR$(27)+CHR$(45)+CHR$(1
)
210 NU$=CHR$(27)+CHR$(45)+CHR$(0
)
220 EE$=CHR$(14)
230 TA$="19"+EX$+" TAX INFORMATI
ON"
240 NA$="PUT YOUR NAME HERE ON L
INE 240"
250 GOTO 270
260 INPUT "IF YOU WANT TO CONTIN
UE, PRESS <ENTER>";
K
270 POKE32544+54,0:EXEC
280 PRINT@9,"*** MENU ***"
290 PRINTQ64 , "1-ADD"
300 PRINT@128, "2-CODES"
310 PRINT §19 2, "3 -NUMBER"
320 PRINT@256, "4 -DATE"
330 PRINT @ 3 20 , " 5 -NAME "
340 PRINT@85, "6-ACCOUNT"
350 PRINT@149, "7-BAR GRAPH"
360 PRINT§213, "8-SEARCH"
370 PRINT@277, "9-LOAD"
380 PRINT@340, "10-SETUP"
390 PRINT@421, "SELECTION (1-8)";
: INPUT N
400 ON N GOSUB 2030,1800,420,580
,700, 870, 1270, 2460,2400,2 440
410 GOTO 2 60
420 EXEC: INPUT "ENTER NUMBER" ;G
430 T=0:L=0
440 RESTORE
450 READ C
460 IF C=-l THEN 540 ELSE 470
470 READ D,P$,A,T$,CM$
480 IF L>=448 THEN A$=INKEY$:IF
A$="" THEN 480
490 IF L>=448 THEN EXEC:L=0
500 IF G=C THEN GOSUB 1780: PRINT
CM$:L=L+32
510 IF G<=5 AND G=C THEN T=T+A:L
=L+32
520 IF G>5 AND G=C THEN L=L+32
530 GOTO 450
540 PRINT
550 IF G<=5 THEN PRINT "TOTAL=";
T
560 PRINT
570 RETURN
580 EXEC: INPUT "BEGINNING DATE";
W
590 INPUT "ENDING DATE " ; Y
600 EXECrL=0
610 RESTORE
620 READ C
630 IF C=-l THEN 690 ELSE 640
640 READ D,P$,A,T$,CM$
650 IF L>=448 THEN A$=INKEY$:IF
A$="" THEN 650
660 IF L>=448 THEN EXEC:L=0
670 IF W<=D AND Y>=D THEN GOSUB
1780:L=L+32
680 GOTO 620
690 RETURN
700 EXEC:INPUT"GIVE THE NAME OF
THE PARTY PAID OR THE NAME OF TH
E PARTY FROM WHOM MONEY WAS RE
CEIVED";R$
710 PRINT
720 INPUT "WAS MONEY RECEIVED FR
OM (1) OR PAID TO (2) THIS PART
Y" ;U
730 ON U GOTO 740,1180
740 EXEC:T=0:L=0
750 RESTORE
760 READ C
770 IF C=-l THEN 830 ELSE 780
780 READ D,P$,A,T$,CM$
790 IF L>=448 THEN A$=INKEY$ : IFA
$="» THEN 790
800 IF L>=448 THEN EXEC:L=0
810 IF C=0 AND R$=P$ THEN GOSUB
1780:T=T+A:L=L+32
820 GOTO 760
830 if u=l then print "total rec
eived from "r$" is-" : printusing"
$$####. ##";t
840 if u=2 then print "total pai
d to "r$" is-":printusing"$$####
•##";t
850 PRINT
860 RETURN
870 EXEC: INPUT "WHAT ACCT. DO YO
U WANT";M$
880 INPUT "OUTPUT TO PRINTER (Y/
N) ";YN$:IFYN$="Y" THEN POKE32544
+54, 255: ELSE IF YN$="N" THEN 920
890 PO=PEEK(65314) : IF PO/2<>INT(
124 THE RAINBOW January 1988
PO/2) THEN 90J3 ELSE 915
900 EXEC:PRINT@2 65 / "TURN ON PRIN
TER" ;
91J3 A$=INKEY$:IF A$="" THEN 910
915 L2=LEN(NA$) :L1=( (80-(2*L2) )/
2)
920 IF YN$="Y"AND M$="ALL" THEN
PRINT #-2 , TAB ( 20 ) EE$ ; TA$ : PRINT#-2
: PRINT#-2 , TAB (LI) EE$ ;NA$ : PRINT #-
2:PRINT#-2
930 IF M$="ALL" THEN 940 ELSE 95
940 FOR 1=1 TO 80 STEP 2:M$=C$(I
) :GOSUB 950:NEXTI
950 IF M$= IMI THEN 1170
960 EXEC:T=0:L=0
970 RESTORE
980 READ C
990 IF C=-l THEN 1060 ELSE 1000
1000 READ D,P$,A,T$,CM$
1010 IF L>=448 AND YN$<>"Y"THEN
A$=INKEY$:IFA$= IMI THEN 1010
1020 IF L>=448 THEN EXEC:L=0
1030 IF T$=M$ THEN GOSUB 1780 :L=
L+32:T=T+A ,
1040 IFT$=M$ AND YN$="Y" GOSUB 1
750
1050 GOTO 980
1060 FOR X=l TO 80
1070 IF M$=C$(X) THEN M$=C$(X+1)
:GOTO 1090
1080 NEXT
1090 PRINT
1100 IF M$O"BUS/PR0F TRAVEL" TH
EN PRINT "TOTAL-"M$: PRINT USING
"$$#####. ##";T
1110 IF M$="BUS/PROF TRAVEL" THE
N PRINT "TOTAL BUSINESS/PROFESSI
ONAL MILEAGE IS-";T
1120 IF M$=" BUS/PROF TRAVEL" AND
YN$="Y" THEN PRINT#-2 , "TOTAL ";
UL$ ; "BUSINESS/PROFESSIONAL MILEA
GE " ; NU$ ; " IS - " ; TAB ( 5 3 ) T ; "MILES "
1130 IF M$O"BUS/PR0F TRAVEL" AN
D YN$="Y" THEN PRINT #-2 , "TOTAL F
OR " ;UL$;M$;NU$7" IS-" ;TAB (45) : P
RINT#-2, USING "$$#####.##» ;T
1140 IF YN$="Y" THEN PRINT#-2:PR
INT#-2:GOTO 1170
1150 FOR K=l TO 400:NEXTK
1160 PRINT: POKE32544+54/0
1170 RETURN
1180 EXEC:T=0:L=0
1190 RESTORE
RAINB OW
cmrmcATioN
If You Are Serious About Stocks.
This Program Is A Must!
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
s
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
s
s
s
$
s
$
$
$
ssssssssssss$sssss$ssss$sss$$s$s$s.sssss$ss$sss.ssss$sssss$s$$ $
Stock Market portfolio for the color computer
will keep track of all your current stock listings
and keep a listing of stocks you have sold by the
year, they were sold with all totals, profit and
loss, and percentages. More than one person
can use this program as long as the first three
letters on both first and last name are not the
same. The program is menu driven and will
give you the option for either screen print or
information to be printed on printer.
Rush Check for $22.00 plus $3.00 shipping & handling to:
Paparis Enterprises
700 York St.
Williamsburg, VA 23185
Please allow 2-3 weeks for delivery
Sorry no C.O.D.S
VA residents add 4.5% sales tax.
ALL SOFTWARE COMPATABLE WITH C0C03
HO PATCHES REQUIRED
1 0 COLOR BANKBOOK +3 *
*19.95
1 * BOSINESS BANKBOOK +3
*$49.95
SPECIFY 1 Oft 2 DISK DRIVES
1 # TV BLACKOUT BINGO *
$19.95
1 # UCR FILE
*19.95
1 # SUPERDISK UTILITY +3
**19.95
HEW UPDATE OF AM OLD
FAVORITE !
1 # RADIOLOG
SEE REVIEW IN MAY 'S6-
RAINBOW PAGE 209
$ 9.95
1 f CODE PRACTICE
$ 9.95
SEE REVIEW IM NOV '3S
RAINBOW PAGE 134
I ORDERS OR INFORMATION
1 CALL 1-800-628-2828
I EXTENSION 552
ALL PROGRAMS INCLUDE MANUALS ,
REQUIRE 3£K AND 1 DISK DRIVE.
ADD J2.00 SHIPPING & HA MOLING
FLORIDA RES. ADD 5H SALES TAX
1 SilMMl
1 ego! HID 26 ST DEPT R
1 SUNRISE, FL 33322
* INCLUDES SPECIAL EDITION FOR
C0C03 !!!
January 1 988 THE RAINBOW 1 25
1200 READ C
1210 IF C=-l THEN 840 ELSE 1220
1220 READ D, P$,A, T$,CM$
1230 IF L>=448 THEN A$=INKEY$:IF
A$="" THEN1230
1240 IF L>=448 THEN EXEC:L=0
1250 IF C>0 AND R$=P$ THEN GOSUB
1780: T=T+A : L=L+3 2
1260 GOTO 1200
1270 EXEC: INPUT "NAME";Z$
1280 PMODE4:PCLS:SCREENl,l
1290 DRAW "BM50,50 NR5D2 5NR5D2 5N
R5D25NR5D25R130
1300 DRAW "BM30,48 R4D2L4D2R4BU4
BR2R4D4L4U4BR6R4D4L4U4 "
1310 DRAW "BM32,102 U4BR2R4D4L4U
4BR6R4D4L4U4"
1320 DRAW "BM93,165 U4F3E3D4BU4B
R3R4D4L4U4 BR7ND4F4U4 BR3R4 BL2 D4 BU
4 BR5 D4 BR4U4 BD2 L4 11
1330 L=60
1340 RESTORE
1350 READ C
1360 IF C=-l THEN 1430
1370 READ D,P$,A,T$,CM$
1380 IF P$=Z$ AND A>300 THEN PRI
NT@200 , "ENTRY TOO LARGE" :V$=INKE
Y$:IF V$="" THEN 1380 ELSE 1460
1390 IF P$=Z$ THEN 1400 ELSE 142
0
1400 LINE (L,150)-(L+5,150-A/2) ,
PSET , BF
1410 L=L+10
1420 GOTO 1350
1430 A$=INKEY$:IF A$ sa " "THENGOTOl
430
1440 INPUT "DO Y0U WANT A SCREEN
DUMP";QY$
1450 IF QY$="Y" THEN POKE32544+5
4,255:GOTO1470 ELSE 1460
1460 EXEC: RETURN
1470 PO=PEEK(65314) : IF P0/2OINT
(PO/2) THEN EXEC : PRINT @ 2 65, "TURN
ON PRINTER" ;: ELSE 1490
1480 A$=INKEY$:IFA$="" THEN 1480
1490 EXEC: PRINTS 2 6 7, "PRINTING" ;
1500 PMODE4:PCLS:SCREEN0,0
1510 DRAW "BM67,155 NU5R25NU5R25
NU5R25NU5R25U130
1520 DRAW "BM65,174 U4R2D4R2U4BL
4BU2U4R4D4L4BU6U4R4D4L4"
1530 DRAW "BM118,172 L4BU2U4R4D4
L4BU6U4R4D4L4"
1540 DRAW "BM200,122 L4E3H3R4BL4
BU3U4R4D4L4BU7NR4E4L4BU3U4BD2R4B
L4 BU5R4 BU4 L4 BR2 D4 "
1550 L=145
1560 RESTORE
1570
1580
1590
1600
1610
PSET,
1620
1630
1640
1650
1660
1670
191) +
1680
32
1690
1700
1710
1720
1730
1740
1750
1760
%
%
%";c,
1770
1780
####
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
READ C
IF C=-l THEN 1640
READ D,P$,A,T$,CM$
IF P$=Z$ THEN 1610 ELSE 163
LINE (167,L)-(167-A/2,L-5) ,
BF
L=L-10
GOTO 1570
X=0 : Y=0 : PRINT #-2 , TAB ( 10 ) Z $
PRINT # -2 , CHR$ ( 2 7 ) + " 1 "
FOR X=3558 TO 3558+21
PRINT #-2 , CHR$ (27) +"K"+CHR$ (
CHR$(0) ;
FOR Y=X+ (191*32) TO X STEP-
PRINT* -2 , CHR$ (PEEK (Y) ) ;
NEXT Y
PRINT* -2
NEXT X
PRINT # -2 , CHR$ ( 2 7 ) +" 2 "
POKE 32544+54,0: EXEC : RETURN
'PRINT ROUTINE
PRINT#-2,USING»#### ####
#####.##
%
D,P$,A,T$,CM$
RETURN
PRINTUSING"#### #### %
.## % %»;C,D,P$,A,T$
RETURN
EXEC : PRINT@42 , "CODES INFO"
PRINT© 9 6 , "1 -NUMBER CODES"
PRINT@160, "2-PLACES"
PRINT@224 , "3 -NAMES"
PRINT@288 , " 4 -CATEGORY CODES
it
1850 INPUT CN
1860 IF CN=1 THEN NM$="NUMBER" : G
OSUB 1910
1870 IF CN=2 THEN NM$= " PLACES" : G
OSUB 1910
1880 IF CN=3 THEN NM$= "NAMES" :GO
SUB 1910
1890 IF CN=4 THEN NM$= "ACCOUNTS"
: GOSUB 1910
1900 RETURN
1910 EXEC.
1920 OPEN"D" , #1 ,NM$ , 32 : RN=0 : L=0
1930 FIELD #1,10 AS A$, 22 AS B$
1940 RN=RN+ 1
1950 GET#1,RN
1960 PRINT@L,A$;B$
1970 L=L+32
1980 IF INT(L/448)=L/448 THEN V$
=INKEY$:IF V$="" THEN 1980
1990 IF L>=448 THEN EXEC:L=0
2000 IF LOF(1)ORN THEN1940
126 THE RAINBOW January 1988
2j31j3 CL0SE#1
2j32j3 RETURN
2030 EXEC : PRINT @ 2 3 3 , " PLEAS E WAIT
":A$= H "
2J34J3 AA=PEEK(25) *256+PEEK(26)
2j35j3 BB=PEEK(AA) *256+PEEK (AA+1)
206)3 CC=PEEK(AA+2) *256+PEEK (AA+3
)
207j3 IF BB=0 THEN 2090
2080 A1=AA:AA=BB:C1=CC:GOTO 2050
2090 FOR I=A1 TO Al+3:POKE I,0:N
EXT
21J3J3 LL=Al+3
2110 VT=PEEK(27) *256+PEEK(28)
2120 SP=INT( (VT-LL)/64)
2130 EXEC: PRINT TAB ( 10 ) 11 space=" ;
SP
2140 IF A$="-l" THEN 2370
2150 PRINT" ***INPUT -1 FOR LAST
ENTRY***"
2160 INPUT "NUMBER" ;A1$
217)3 IF Al$="-1" THEN Z=0:GOTO 2
290
2180 IF Al$="CODES" GOSUB 1800 :G
OTO2160
2190 INPUT "DATE" ;A2$
2200 INPUT "NAME/ PLACE "; A3 $
2210
2200
2220
2230
2240
2230
2250
2260
IFA3$="CODES"GOSUB1800:GOTO
INPUT "AMT. /MILES ";A4$
INPUT "ACCT.";A5$
IFA5$="CODES"GOSUB1800:GOTO
INPUT "COMMENT" ;A6$
INPUT "DO YOU WANT TO MAKE C
ORRECTIONS BEFORE CONTINUING? (Y
/N) " ; B$ : IF B$="Y" THEN 2160
2270 A$=A1$+" , "+A2$+" , "+A3$+" , "+
A4$+","+A5$+", "+A6$
2280 GOTO2300
2290 A$=A1$
2300 AA=Al+4:FOR 1=1 TO 64: POKE
AA , 3 2 : AA=AA+1 : NEXT
2310 AA=Al+64:DD=INT(AA/256) :D1=
AA-(DD*256) : POKE Al,DD:POKE Al+1
,D1
2320 DD=INT(Cl/256) :D1=C1-(DD*25
6): POKE Al+2,DD:POKE Al+3,Dl:POK
E Al+4,134:Al=Al+5
2330 FOR 1=1 TO PEEK (VARPTR (A$) )
: BB=PEEK ( 2 56 *PEEK (VARPTR ( A$ ) +2 ) +
PEEK (VARPTR (A$) +3 ) +1-1)
2340 POKE A1,BB:A1=A1+1:NEXTI
2350 FOR I=AA-1 TO AA+3: POKE 1,0
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110.00
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Unlimited
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SOFTWARE OIY.
Chemistry Tutor
A TWO DISK SET THAT IS DESIGNED TO BE EXTREMELY USER
FRIENDLY AND IS AN AID TO LEARNING HIGH SCHOOL OR
COLLEGE LEVEL CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES. TEXT LESSONS ARE
COMBINED WITH HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS-
COMPREHENSIVE TESTING SECTIONS COVER THE PRINIPLES
NECESSARY FOR A FIRM BASE IN THE CHEMICAL FIELD.
AN ELEMENT SECTION THAT ALLOWS THE STUDY OF ALL lOA
ELEMENTS THAT HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED AND CONFIRMED.
ELEMENT DATABASE ALLOWS FINDING DATA ON THE ELEMENTS
IF THE ATOMIC SYMBOL, NUMBER, OR ELEMENT NAME IS KNOWN.
Disk Only:
$42.00 + S&H
0^
BTU Analysis
NOW WITH DISK I/O!
ANALYZES HEAT LOSS * GAIN
AND CALCULA1
PROPER
HEATING AND COOLING UNIT
SIZE.
ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED FOR
PROFESSIONAL USE.
CONSIDERS "WORSE CASE"
DESIGN METHODOLOGY.
frisk Only:
$39.95 + S&H
IRA Analysis
NOW WITH DISK I/O! "*
COMPARE I.R.A.'B AND GET*
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PROFESSIONALS MAY CHARGE
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SAVE *»•.
ANALYSIS.
PROFESSIONAL RESULTS AT
YOUR FINGER TIPS.
BY PROFESSIONALS FOR
YEARS.
Disk Only:
S29.95 + S&H
Unlimitecf,
SOFTWARE DIV. 901 FERNDAIE BLYD
HIGH POINT* HC 8?£60
Shipping &. Handling Charge S3. OO
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 127
:NEXT
2360 A1=AA:C1=C1+1:SP=SP-1:G0T0
2130
2370 EXEC: PRINT@ 11, "S-A-V-E" :PRI
NT: INPUT "ENTER YEAR (LAST 2 DIGI
TS) " ;F2$
2375 IF VAL(F2$)<80 OR VAL(F2$)>
99 THEN 2370
2380 Fl$="TAXINFO"+CHR$ (47) +F2$
2390 SAVE Fl$: RETURN
2400 EXEC:INPUT"SURE";S$:IF S$<>
ii y« THEN RETURN
2410 EXEC : PRINT@11 , "L-O-A-D" : PRI
NT: INPUT "ENTER YEAR (LAST 2 DIGI
TS) ";F2$
2420 Fl$="TAXINFO"+CHR$(47)+F2$
2430 LOAD F1$,R
2440 EXEC:INPUT"SURE";S$:IF S$<>
iiyii THEN RETURN
2450 LOAD" SETUP ",R
2460 EXEC : CT=0 : SN$=" 11 : RESTORE : PR
INT@8,"S E A R C H" : LINEINPUT"
ENTER TARGET STRING
";SN$:LN=10001
2470 READ C
2480 IF C=-l THEN PRINT "SEARCH 0
VER"ELSE GOTO 2490
2485 ZZ$=INKEY$:IF ZZ$="" THEN 2
485
2487 RETURN
2490 READ D, P$,A,T$ / CM$: IFVAL(SN
$)=D OR SN$=P$ OR VAL(SN$)=A OR
SN$=T$ OR SN$=MID$(CM$,1,LEN(SN$
)) THEN PRINT "LINE #";LN
3000 LN=LN+1:GOTO2470
10001 DATA -1
Listing 3: SETUP. BAS
170 18
370 49
END 230
CODES"
1 1 - NUMBER CODES"
1 2 - NAMES "
'3 -PLACES"
•4 -ACCOUNTS"
5-TAXINFO"
10 POKE 32544+54, 255 :CLS
20 PRINT@108,
30 PRINT@168,
40 PRINT§232 /
50 PRINT@296,
60 PRINT@360,
70 PRINT@424,
80 INPUT NM
90 IF NM=1 THEN NM$="NUMBER"
100 IF NM=2 THEN NM$= 11 NAMES"
110 IF NM=3 THEN NM$=" PLACES"
120 IF NM=4 THEN NM$=" ACCOUNTS"
130 IF NM=5 THEN CLS: Y1=PEEK(157
) *256+PEEK(158) : IF Yl=32544 THEN
140 ELSE 150 ELSE 160
140 PRINT@11, "L-O-A-D" : PRINT : INP
UT "ENTER YEAR (LAST 2 DIGITS)";
F2 $ : Fl$="TAXINFO"+CHR$ ( 47 ) +F2 $ : L
OAD F1$,R
150 LOAD "TAX",R
160 IF NM<1 OR NM>5 THEN 80
170 CLS
180 PRINT@168 , "1-ENTER NEW INFO
190 PRINT@2 32, "2-LIST ENTRIES
200 PRINT@296, "3-MODIFY
210 INPUT N
220 CLS:ON N GOTO 230,340,450
230 OPEN"D",#l / NM$,32
240 FIELD #1,10 AS AB$, 22 AS EN
$
250 RN=LOF(l)+l
260 INPUT "CODE FOR NEW ENTRY
(6 CHAR MAX)";A$
270 INPUT "NEW ENTRY
(22 CHAR MAX)";B$
280 LSET AB$=A$
290 LSET EN$=B$
300 PUT #1,RN
310 INPUT "AGAIN" ;YN$:IFYN$= "Y 11
THEN 250 ELSE 320
320 CLOSE#l
330 GOTO 10
340 OPEN"D",#1,NM$,32:RN=0
350 FIELD #1,10 AS A$, 22 AS B$
3 60 RN=RN+ 1
370 GET#1,RN
380 PRINT"RECORD NUMBER " ;RN
390 PRINT A$;B$
400 IF INT(RN/5)=RN/5 THEN V$=IN
KEY$ : IF V$="" THEN 400
410 IF LOF(1)ORN THEN 3 60
420 CLOSE#l
430 V$=INKEY$:IF V$="" THEN 430
440 GOTO 10
450 OPEN"D",#l,NM$,32
460 FIELD #1, 10 AS AB$, 22 AS E
N$
470 INPUT "RECORD # " ; RN
480 GET#1,RN
490 PRI NT "RE CORD NUMBER " ;RN
500 PRINT AB$;EN$
510 INPUT "MODIFIED CODE
(6 CHAR MAX) ";A$
520 INPUT "MODIFIED ENTRY
(22 CHAR MAX) ";B$
530 LSET AB$=A$
540 LSET EN$=B$
550 PUT #1,RN
560 PRINT "AGAIN?"
570 INPUT YN$:IF YN$=»Y" THEN 47
580 CLOSE#l
590 GOTO 10
128 THE RAINBOW January 1988
PAUSE KEY PRESSED
HEALTH
SHOT ROUE
Owl l Tw O I i
GoCo1,2&3
Wizard's Den
A World of Poultices,
Potions and Poisons
Cauldron boil and cauldron bubble
. . . With that incantation, some luck,
and a great deal of perseverance, the
journey into another fantasy world
begins. Over the years the CoCo com-
munity has been the beneficiary of
countless graphic Adventure games.
The announcement of yet one more
could reasonably be anticipated with a
chorus of yawns. But, as the old saying
goes, "It ain't over 'til it's over." Tom
Mix Software (Novasoft) is known for
quality software, and with the release of
Wizard's Den, they have breathed a bit
of new life into an old routine.
Wizard's Den is based on the same
concepts that have made other Adven-
ture games so successful. A clever
puzzle is wrapped in some very attrac-
tive graphics, with a taste of animation
and sound added to good effect. The
Wizard's world consists of eight
chambers, each characterized by a
unique group of poultices, potions,
poisons, and the requisite monsters that
seem to have an insatiable hunger for
CoCo owners. Miscellaneous objects
that confer various powers upon the
owner are encountered along the way.
But, beware! As I was merrily romping
through Level 3, grabbing everything in
sight (if I found it, it must be good for
me!), several jugs of poison made their
way down my throat — end of journey.
Ultimately, eight levels must be trav-
ersed , and the Gem of Damocles found
in order to win the game.
Several features set Wizard's Den
apart. Most notably, it is very user-
friendly. After loading, a color test is
performed and the player is greeted by
the opening menu. From here the meth-
od of play may be selected, either
keyboard (the default) or joystick. If the
joystick option is selected, all the key-
board sequences remain intact. As the
documentation points out, this can be
quite handy when maneuvering through
tight places. From here the user may
view an information screen displaying
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 129
all the animated horrors that lie within,
or enter the Wizard's world.
The combination of joystick and icon
control allows the game to be played by
anyone. Keyboard input, or anything
else that resembles typing, is neither
indicated or required. The Wizard
welcomes children (of all ages).
While the documentation is ade-
quate, the information screen provides
more than enough detail to fully enjoy
the game. No hints are provided, aside
from an opening clue on exiting from
Level 1, and a recommendation to
maintain a lifestyle devoid of conflict.
Wizard's Den is supplied on a single
unprotected disk, and requires a single
disk drive and a minimum of 64K. The
use of joysticks, while optional, greatly
enhances the quality of play.
(Tom Mix Software, P.O. Box 201, Ada, MI
49301, 616-676-8172; $22.95 plus $3 S/H)
— Henry Holzgrefe
1 Softwar e
CoCo 1, 2 & 3
Artificial Learning
File -
Simulates
Artificial
Intelligence
Artificial Learning File from High
Altitude Software is a program de-
signed to respond to the user by asking
a series of questions, evaluating the
answers, and then guessing a solution.
If this sounds complex, it can be sim-
plified by an example: When ALF is
run, it presents the user with a menu.
From the menu, the user picks and then
selects an ALF file (for example, space-
ships). ALF then loads the file and asks
you to think of a spaceship. It then asks
"yes" or "no" questions to determine
which spaceship you are thinking of.
Either A LF guesses right, in which case
you can try another round, or ALF
guesses wrong, in which case it asks you
to enter a question to distinguish be-
tween its incorrect guess and your
answer. It then asks you the answer (yes
or no) to your question and the thing
(for example, the type of spaceship) you
were thinking of.
Now you are probably wondering, "Is
this really artificial learning?" and
"What can I do with it?"
The answer to the first question is no,
this is not real artificial learning. This
is a BASIC implementation of an artifi-
cial learning Simulation. In other
words, the computer is not developing
a knowledge base using a list processor,
it is using BASIC and comparing re-
sponses to the responses it has in mem-
ory. It does look, however, to the user,
particularly as the base of questions and
answers grows, as though ALF is learn-
ing. Perhaps it is, but this is not artificial
intelligence in the true, conventional
sense.
As for what it can be used for, I would
say two things. The first is entertain-
ment, and the second is a demonstration
of learning. Clearly the entertainment
aspects are in watching the machine
guess answers and evaluate questions.
You can also see the learning process
take place as you ask more and more
questions.
In the Edit Question and Edit Answer
portions of the program, ALF does not
look at the last five items in either
questions or answers for editing. This
drawback, however, is not a serious
problem, rather an annoyance when
running the program. As your list
grows, you will be able to access the
questions or answers to edit.
Also, in scrolling through the answers
or questions in search mode, the "shift-
arrow" key combination does not scroll
rapidly. While it is not exactly a prob-
lem, it shows a good idea that I think
requires more development on the part
of the programmer. In its current state,
ALF is best described as an entertain-
ment product. With some careful con-
sideration as to what the goals for a final
product might be, it could become a
very valuable educational tool.
ALF comes with several files on the
disk, including animals, cities, car parts,
and more. There is room for 300
answers in memory at one time, and you
also have the option to save all your
answers and questions, and to create
new ALF files. It would be a nice option
to include a printer driver to be able to
print out questions and answers. The
disk also comes with a "bonus" program
that gives advice by randomly answer-
ing yes/ no questions with "Yes," "No,"
or "I don't know."
The documentation that accompa-
nies ALFis relatively complete, consist-
ing of three pages of menu explanations
and some very good examples to get you
started. I found these quite useful in
gaining a basic understanding of the
program and how to use it. Overall,
ALFis entertaining and interesting.
(High Altitude Software, 339 32Vi Rd.,
Palisade, CO 81526; $8.95: First product
review for this company appearing in the
RAINBOW.)
— Jeffrey S. Parker
* H ardwa re
CoCo3
CoCo 3
Turbo Ram —
512K Upgrade
Performance Peripherals has released
a new low-cost 512K upgrade for your
CoCo 3. The upgrade, fully assembled
and tested, is quite small, measuring 3 ! /i
by 3 inches. The high quality glass
epoxy circuit board is well made, and
simply plugs into your CoCo 3. I was
impressed. The 16 D41256 120 ns Dram
chips are all socketed and are NEC
brand.
The installation instructions are very
easy to follow and, by far, the best I've
seen for a CoCo 3 RAM upgrade. Every
step is clearly detailed and illustrated
with photographs so that even the
novice can easily do the installation. No
soldering is required, but as is the case
with all RAM upgrade kits, you do have
to clip two small capacitors on the
CoCo 3 circuit board. This is not at all
difficult since a small wire cutter will
suffice, and the capacitors are well
identified and illustrated in the photo-
graphs. You also have to remove the
four chips that comprise the existing
128K RAM. Since these chips are sock-
eted, you can simply unplug them and
set them aside for safekeeping.
Particular emphasis is placed on
proper grounding during the installa-
tion process so that the sensitive RAM
chips are not damaged by static electri-
cal charges at the work station. This is
well documented, and common house-
hold materials such as aluminum foil
are used.
130
THE RAINBOW January 1 988
In all there are eight steps to follow
to install the board, and they can be
completed in 10 to 30 minutes depend-
ing on your familiarity with electronic
circuits. Caution: If you install this
upgrade yourself, you will void your
computer's 90-day warranty. If you are
timid about such things, take your
computer to your local Radio Shack for
installation.
The kit also comes with a program on
disk to check the operation of the newly
acquired memory. An unusual feature
of this particular program is that it
relocates itself several times so that all
of the memory is checked.
I should also point out that you can
purchase the new PAL chip ($9.95) from
these folks, too. Youll need this replace-
ment chip if you have the older Multi-
Pak interface (#26-3024). The same high
quality step-by-step instructions and
photographs are provided for PAL
installation, as well. If you don't have
a Multi-Pak, there's no need for the new
PAL chip.
I highly recommend this 512K up-
grade. Installation is easy, and it
worked the first time. Its operation did
not reveal any presence of unusual RF
interference. If installation problems
occur, a technical assistance phone
number is provided, and the products
are fully warranted for one year.
(Performance Peripherals, 11432 Pena Way,
Mira Loma, CA 91752, 714-681-3007;
$79.95 plus $3 S/H)
— Jerry Semones
* Softwar e
CoCo 1 , 2 & 3
Iron Cross: War in
Russia —
Tactical Simulation
Close-up magicians such as myself
sometimes pooh-pooh the extravagant
shows of the stage magicians. "Sure,"
we say, "all those people and all that
equipment. Try doing it at point-blank
range, with only your wits, a deck of
cards and two coins to work with."
The same attitude sometimes applies
when wargamers who have been used to
squad-level tactical simulations get
involved with a strategic level war game.
"Big deal; 60,000 troops, 350 tanks and
all that artillery. Try it with eleven men
with rifles, one machine gun and a
mortar that can't hit half the targets."
That was also my opinion since most of
my CoCo war games are at the tactical
level — until I started in with Iron
Cross: War in Russia from Computer-
ware.
This is simulation on a grand scale,
with a corps being the smallest ma-
neuver unit, set in the expanse of Russia
in June of 1941 . There is more to it than
moving a panzer corps here and there,
however. You have to keep an eye on the
weather, as each game turn puts you one
week closer to the muddy autumn and
the dreaded Russian winter. You also
have to keep track of the Soviet forces
opposite you, and their relative
strengths. The "inspection phase" al-
lows you to examine strengths of both
sides' units; the problem then is to
remember them when you get into the
movement phase. Note-taking isn't a
bad idea.
The three types of units (armor,
infantry and cavalry) are easily distin-
guished on a color screen (but not on
an RGB monitor). Each unit can be
given one of five different types of
modes (e.g., standard, blitz, en-
trenched) depending on the situation.
Other factors to consider are sup-
plies, the weather and air power. Air
strikes are allowed in the top three of
the five difficulty levels and are a real
demonstration of their effectiveness on
the battlefield.
Both our sons play war games, tac-
tical and strategic. They taught me a
simplified one. We went through four
hours of dice rolls and interminable
references to various tables of factors.
In many ways it was like a short, inten-
sive course in statistics with a quiz every
10 minutes. Iron Cross has removed the
tables and the dice, replacing them with
an interesting and highly playable
game. It requires a CoCo 1, 2 or 3 with
at least 64K of Extended BASIC and a
disk drive.
The program, which is copy-
protected, contains a save capability
due to the possible length of any one
game. The seven-page instruction book
contains clear and concise rules that,
while not absolutely simple, are easy to
follow.
At first, the need to scroll up and
down across the western breadth of the
USSR in order to find and move my
units irritated me. Then it dawned on
me that it was a piece of realism, since
commanders don't always know exactly
what all their units are doing. A bit of
computer-generated "fog of war" there.
So there I sat, likening myself to a von
Rundstedt as my panzers slashed
through the Russian lines, followed by
the infantry corps nailing down the
edges of the breakthrough. An imagi-
nary aide brought me a cup of tea and
a report from one of the army com-
manders. Leaning down, I gazed
fiercely at the situation map, then firmly
issued the new orders. Panzer Corps
will advance to take and hold
Dromar. The Russians were mounting a
counterattack in the vicinity of the
Crimea, and there was only one dug-in
panzer corps securing that flank. They
needed reinforcements — fast!
A drum roll interrupted my thoughts.
I glanced up and could have sworn I saw
the ghost of Harry Blackstone, Sr.,
smiling at me. "See?" he said as he
floated a light bulb out over the au-
dience. "It's not all that easy, is it?"
It certainly isn't, but it sure is fun.
And you just might earn an Iron Cross.
(Computerware, Box 668, Encinitas, CA
92024, 619-436-3512; $24.95)
— John Hebert
1 Softwar e
CoCo 3
Zone Runner —
Futuristic Strategy
Simulation
Are you tired of the same old boring
daily job? Do you seek the thrill of
adventure? The lure of fast galactic
bucks? Then you, too, can become a
Zone Runner. Minimal equipment re-
quired.
You furnish the control guidance
system (a Tandy Color Computer 3), the
standard read-out display (a CM-8 or
TV set), at least one data storage bank
(one disk drive), and the system control
device (color mouse/joystick or Hi-Res
interface optional), and we will equip
you with the latest in intergalactic
space-going cargo haulers.
With our super intergalactic Zone
Runner spaceships, you can shuttle
back and forth between a multitude of
planets, buying and selling strange
exotic goods. A wise trader like you can
make big galactic bucks and at the same
time provide a valuable service to the
galaxies. Without a steady influx of new
goods, many planets have been known
to completely die off. And for the really
daring and adventuresome, you can
January 1 988 THE RAINBOW 1 31
NEW
DISK
DRIVES
Starting at
89
95
with case &
Power Supply
129.95
TAN DON MPI TEAC
Speed 6ms tk to tk and up
Capacity 250k unformatted
Tracks 40
Warranty HOW 1 Year
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED!!
ALL DRIVES FULLY TESTED AND WARRANTEED
We carry only the finest quality disk drives
no seconds • no surplus
New Low Price!
it
it n
111 I
40 Tks 6Ms
Double Sided
Double Density
40 or 80 Tracks
1 /2 Hght. Teac/Panasonic
Free Software for Drive O Systems
CoCo Checker. .Test roms, rams, disk drives and & controller printer, keyboard cassette & more.
Tape/Disk Utility.. .Transfers disk to tape and tape to disk.
169
95
Drive 0
• Full Ht Drive
• Single Case
• Heavy Duty Power Supply
• 2 Drive Cable
• Gold plated contacts
• Controller & manuals
189
95
Drive 0
• Double Sided Slim Line Drive
• Case holds 2 slim line drives
• Heavy Duty Power Supply
• 2 Drive Cable
• Gold plated contacts
• Controller & Manuals
289
95
Drive 0 & 1
• 2 Double Sided Slim Line Drive
• Case holds 2 slim line drives
• Heavy Duty Power Supply
• 2 Drive Cable
• Gold plated contacts
• Controller & Manuals
Other Drive Specials
Drives cleaned, aligned & tested, 29 95
119 95
2nd Drive
for new Radio Shack
includes:
• Slim Line DS/DD Drive
• Cabling & Instructions
• Mounting Hardware
Full Ht Drive
89 95
Full Ht Drive Ps/Case
129 95
.99 95
Slim Line Drive Ps/Case.
139 95
2 Slim Drives Ps/Case....
239 95
59 95
Single Ps & Case
Dual Vfcht Ps & Case
Dual Full Ht. Ps & Case
Disk Controller
1 0 Diskettes
with free library case
44 95
S4 95
79 95
59 95
9» 5
Dealer Inquiries Invited
617-278-6555
WW
TRUE DATA PRODUCTS
We welcome
• Visa/Mastercard
• Checks (allow 2 weeks for clearing)
•C.O.D. Add $2.
9 South Main Street
Uxbridge, MA 01569
617-278-6555
Hours: Mon.-Sat„ 9-6 (EST)
Call us today! 617-278-6555
Order Toll Free 1-800-635-0300
Software Included
• Pc-Write word processor
• Pc-Calc Spreadsheet
• Pc-File Database
• Print Spooler
• Ram Disk
• Runs all popular software
IBM XT
COMPATIBLE
Complete
sys tem
only
699
95
Hardware Included
• 4.77 mhz and 8mhz Turbo
• 360k Floppy Disk Drive
• Monochrome or Color Card
• At style Case w/pwr light & key
• Game, Printer and Serial Port
• Real Time Clock
•150 watt power supply
• 640k memory
•At keyboard optional expanded
• Monochrome Monitor
• Optional Hard Disk Drive
PRINTER CABLES AND
INTERFACES AVAILABLE
Call for current pricing
PRINTERS
NX10 (New 120CPS NLQ 80 col.) 199 95
NX15 (New 120CPS NLQ 132 col.) 349 95
PANASONIC PRINTER H -7/vac
10801 (New 120CPS NLQ 80 col.) 1 fit* 9
Complete Packages
229 95
259 95
10801 ^^C?" NX10
includes: includes:
• Panasonic 10801 Printer • Star NX10 Printer
• Interface • Interface
• Screen Dump Program • Screen Dump Program
TRUE DATA PRODUCTS
■
Serial to Parallel Interface
for Color Computer I, II, III
•300-19,200 BAUD rates
• External to printer — No AC plugs
• Built in modem/printer switch ~~
No need for Y-cables or plugging/
unplugging cables
only
54 95
Power supply + 5.00
64K Upgrades
19*
Video Driver
29 95
Enables your CoCo to operate
with a video monitor
instead of a television!
9 South Main Street
Uxbridge, MA 01569
617-278-6555
Screen Dump Program 19 95
The best screen dump program for the Epson &
Star printers ever!! Have the option of standard
images reverse w/reguiar or double sized pictures.
Dealer Inquiries invited
617-278-6555
Call us today! 617-278-6555
Order Toll Free 1-800-635-0300
make a dash across the neutral zone
between galaxies, avoiding the many
patrol ships, and sell those rare exotic
items, from one galaxy to the other, for
mega-galactic bucks.
Of course, if the patrol ships do catch
you, they will only assess you a "small"
fine, say, about half of your cash. It's
the pirates you have to watch out for,
because they'll take half of your cargo.
But we do provide you with the latest
in super hyper-drive engines, fast react-
ing shields, and the very best photon
energy space torpedoes. So if you can't
outrun them, then outgun them. (Need-
less to say, of course, it's your respon-
sibility to keep these three key items in
good working order by buying replace-
ments out of the handsome profits we
just know you will be making)* So
become a Zone Runner today.
Zone Runner is one of the latest
offerings in games from Tandy/ Radio
Shack for the Color Computer 3. Like
all of the new software from Tandy for
the CoCo 3, it is written in OS-9 Level
II and utilizes graphic windows. This is
not one of your standard "point-and-
click" arcade games. In fact, it is more
of a futuristic strategy simulation type
game with some arcade features.
After booting up the familiar DOS
command, you indicate the type of
monitor you have by entering GW40 at
the OS-9 prompt if you have an RGB
monitor. Otherwise, you go directly into
the game by entering the command
ZONE.
The program creates a graphic con-
trol panel display on your screen and
includes such items as a "Heading
Control" and "Engine, Shield, and
Weapons Controls."
The first thing to do is configure the
screen and system to your liking and
hardware requirements. Press Ft, and a
list of choices appears on the "Display
Screen" in the center of the panel. Here
you may change the foreground and
background colors by scrolling through
them until you get the combination you
like best. Also, here you may indicate
if you are using the Tandy Hi-Res
Interface with your mouse or joystick.
All control of the game is made in a
"point-and-click" fashion with either a
mouse or joystick.
If you boot up with the Hi-Res Inter-
face in place, you will almost certainly
have trouble making the pointer re-
spond properly, as the game starts up
in the normal mode, (i.e., it is polling
the normal joystick port). This may
seem like a real problem at first as you
need to set the "MOUSE TYPE" pa-
rameter to "HI-RES" from "NOR-
MAL" but can't get the pointer to go
anywhere near the command area to
change it. Fortunately, there is a solu-
tion.
Part of the OS-9 mouse system is
what is known as the "Keyboard
Mouse." Simply press the CTRL-CLEAR
combination and you will enter the
keyboard mouse mode. Then you can
move the pointer around with the arrow
keys. This is also referred to in the
instruction manual for Zone Runner.
However, the manual does not mention
that while in the keyboard mouse mode,
you will need to use Fl as a substitute
fire button.
Move the pointer to the words MOUSE
TYPE and press Fl. The word NORMRL
changes to HI -RES. Next, press the key
combination CTRL-CLEAR once again to
exit the keyboard mouse mode, and you
should have full control of your pointer.
After you have made all the desired
changes, pressing F2 starts the game.
(You may go back at any time during
the game and reconfigure the screen, as
well.)
I did not find any particular advan-
tage to using the Hi-Res Interface over
the normal joystick port in playing
Zone Runner. And, in fact, I finally
decided that the hassle in configuring
the game for the interface wasn't even
worth it.
To set the "Heading Control," you
are instructed to move the pointer to
one of the direction hash marks around
the perimeter of the compass circle and
"lock it in with the press of a button."
At first I tried moving the direction
arrow, or compass needle, to the desired
hash mark with the pointer, but soon
found out that all I had to do was put
the pointer on a hash mark, press the
fire button and release, and the direc-
tion arrow would reposition itself.
Each of the Engine, Shield and Wea-
pons systems have a small graphic
"slider-lever" control. The manual
indicates that all you need to do is point
the pointer (indicator beacon) to each
lever, raise it, and then press the button.
What you really have to do is place the
pointer on the lever knob, press the fire
button, raise it upward, and once you
have it where you want it, release the fire
button.
To arm the Weapon system, simply
put the pointer on the word ARM and
press the fire button. I learned quickly
that you have to re-arm the Weapon
system for every torpedo you shoot.
The Display Screen has six modes,
three of which provide various levels of
magnification of your location in space.
The other three are commands for the
printing of various data on your Dis-
play Screen: a Buy list, a Sell list and
a Status list.
Once you make contact with a planet,
you may buy or sell goods. You start
with 100 monetary units and an empty
cargo hold. It only accommodates eight
items at a time. By selecting BUY, you
learn what that particular planet has to
sell in the way of goods and the prices
you must pay in exchange for them.
Some planets will also sell engines,
shields and weapons.
Selecting SELL with your pointer
informs you how much the planet is
willing to pay for the various items in
your cargo hold. Sometimes the price
will be even less than what you paid for
the item, and at other times the profit
margin will be tremendous.
The Status command is used to check
your current status in the game. You are
in competition with all the other com-
puter generated Zone Runners as well
as several other cargo ships. Depending
on the amount of monetary units you
currently have, your position on this list
will be displayed. The main object of the
game is to reach the top of this list. But
the higher you are on it, the more
attractive a target you become for
pirates.
Now, this has its advantages, as the
more pirates you attract, the more
targets you have, and for each pirate
you blow out of the space lanes, you are
rewarded with additional monetary
units.
Pressing the BREAK key at any time
provides you with three options: quit-
ting the game, restarting the game or
resuming the game. It makes a handy
pause button. Having a pause button
should be an absolute requirement in
any game so that you don't lose that
tremendous score you're working on if
you are interrupted, or as in my usual
case, have a need to refresh your mem-
ory by frantically searching through the
instruction manual for that command
you forgot.
1 34 THE RAINBOW January 1988
Unfortunately (and I think it should
be an absolute requirement of all games
to have one), Zone Runner does not
have a high score save feature. I like to
compete against myself and others, so
it is nice to have some sort of high score
saving provision in a game.
The game ends when you quit it, all
the planets die out, or you achieve one
of the ultimate rankings awarded by the
game.
Now for the undocumented tip of the
day: If you really want to climb up the
Status list fast, there is nothing to stop
you from occasionally turning pirate
yourself and blowing a few of your
competitors out of the spaceways.
Youll pick up some real mega-bucks;
but shoot fast, they are speedy little
devils.
Zone Runner is well done, makes full
use of the expanded features of the
CoCo 3 and OS-9 Level II, and is very
addictive. I highly recommend it.
4
(Tandy Corporation, 1700 One Tandy
Center, Ft. Worth, TX 76102, $29.95.
Available in Radio Shack stores nation-
wide.)
— Kerry Armstrong
I Software
CoCo1,2&3 OS-9
Mickey's Space
Adventure —
Travel the
Solar System
Where's Pluto? He's with Mickey,
traveling our solar system in search of
pieces from a valuable memory crystal.
Mickey's Space Adventure combines
the appeal of two popular Disney char-
acters, an Adventure game, and facts
about the solar system in an entertain-
ing and educational package.
As the game begins, Mickey and
Pluto discover an alien spaceship has
landed on Earth. After a little explora-
tion, they find a computer inside the
ship that explains its mission. The ship
was sent to search for the remains of a
lost crystal that contains the entire
history of the planet Oron. It is up to
Mickey, guided by the player, to recover
all nine pieces of the crystal in the right
order. To do this, the spaceship has to
be flown to each of the planets of our
solar system.
This Adventure game is similar to
others in which the players have to go
to different locations, get objects, and
examine their surroundings for clues.
Two-word commands are created from
two lists of words printed at the bottom
of the screen. The player simply uses the
arrow keys and ENTER to make choices.
When the player lands on a new planet,
important information about that
planet can be obtained to help make
decisions about where to travel next and
what equipment is needed.
rtickey and Pluto 9??e in
nt at a spaceship tti
has landed in the hills*
anazene
that
t a spaceshi
_ed i n the hi .
Flashing lights circle around it
Walt Disney and Sierra On-Line
cleverly disguised an impressive and
accurate list of facts about our solar
Hardware
cia
Communications
300/12aa baud Fully Hayes
compatible
Modem - 2 Year Warranty
$1S9.00
[Modem & Cable]
3DQ/1 200/2400 baud
Fully Hayes
Compatible Modem - CCITT
2 Year Warranty
$849.00
[Modem & Cable]
THE OTHER GUYS CoCo
55 North Main Street
Suite 301-D
PO Box H
Logan Utah 84321
'KEEP-TRAK 5 General Ledger Reg. $69.95— Only $39.95
"Double-Entry 1 * General Ledger Accounting System for home or business: 16k,
32k, 64k. User-friendly, menu-driven. Program features: balance sheet, income &
expense statement [current & 'YTD'], journal, ledger, 899 accounts [ 2350 entries on
32k & 64k [71 0 accounts & entries on 1 6k] [disk only], Version 1 .2 has screen printouts.
Rainbow Review 1.1- 9/84 : 1 .2-4/85
"OMEGA FILE" Reg. $69.95 — ONLY $24.95
Filing data base. File any information with Omega File. Records can have up to 16 fields
with 255 characters per field [4080 characters/record]. Sort, match & print any field.
User friendly menu driven. Manual included [32k/64k disk only].
Rainbow Review 3/85. Hot CoCo 1D/Q5
BOB'S MAGIC GRAPHIC MACHINE
Can generate BASIC code to use in your programs. Easy drawing and manipulation of
circles, elipses, boxes, lines and ARCS. Single joystick operation with on line HELPS at ail
times. Allows text on the graphics screen & movement of objects on the screen. Can be
used as a stand-alone graphics editor. Instruction Manual. GRAPHICS EDITOR. REG.
S39.95— ONLY 524.95 for disk or tape. 64k ECB.
Rainbow Review 7/85, Hot CoCo 9/B5 "The graphics bargain of the year"
'KEEP-TRAK 1 Accounts Receivable.
Features: auto interest calculation, auto ageing of accounts, installment sales, total due
sales, explanation space as long as you need, detailed statements, 'KEEP-TRAK' General
Ledger tie in, account number checking, credit limit checking & more. User friendly/menu
driven. Includes manual. 839*95 or S49.95 General Ledger & Accounts Receivables.
[Disk Only] 'COCO WINDOWS'
With hi-res character display and window generator. Features an enhanced key board
[Wicks] and 1 0 programmable function keys. Allows the user to create multiple windows
from basic. Includes menu driven printer setup and auto line numbering. Four function
calculator, with memory. The above options can be called anytime while running or writing
in BASIC. APPLE PULL YOUR DRAPES. YOU DON'T WANT TO SEE THIS. $24.95 [disk
or tape] includes manual.
CS013 753-7620
)
■V aV
VISA
1 1 i L^rtL^L*i^T* H
[Add $3.00 far postage & handling]
C.O.O., Money Order, Check in U.S. Funds (Please epecify if JSM
controller]
I
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 135
inside this Adventure. It would
\ard to imagine a child coming
in the program without picking
up at least some information about the
planets. In addition to covering facts
about the solar system, the program
reinforces skills such as problem-
solving, decision-making, and map-
ping. The 150 graphic scenes enhance
the learning process by giving the player
the illusion that he's really there.
Parents and teachers should note the
list of educational objectives in the
manual, as well as a glossary of terms
and facts about the planets. The rest of
the manual, including operating in-
structions and suggestions, is very well
written. In addition, some .enrichment
activities are suggested for use after
playing the game. Even though comput-
ers can be very useful as instructional
tools, it's necessary for some human
interaction, too.
Mickey's Space Adventure is adver-
tised for ages 8 and up, but I feel that
10- to 12-year-olds would receive the
most benefit from using it. There was
quite a bit of difference in how my
second-grade son and one of my sixth- 1
grade students approached the pro-'
gram. Both could operate the program
without difficulty. However, it was
obvious that the sixth-grader, having
some background in using and making
maps, had a much easier time. Younger
children will need some guidance from
an adult to help chart their journey.
Unlike older Disney cassette-based
games, Mickey's Space Adventure be-
gins with a new game and different clues
each time. This assures that it can be
used over and over at home, or in
school. Also, games can be saved and
played later — a must for schools, since
class time is limited.
The program was designed primarily
for the CoCo 1 or 2, and uses artifact
colors, which don't show up on the
CoCo 3 when used with an RGB mon-
itor. CoCo 3 users need a TV or color
composite monitor to take advantage of
its color capabilities. This is a minor
annoyance, but expected, since there
are a lot more CoCo 1 and 2s than 3s
in use right now. Hopefully, Sierra On-
Line will consider adding an RGB/
composite option upon startup like
some OS-9 programs that are currently
on the market.
Mickey's Space Adventure deserves
an 'A' for both entertainment and
educational value. The manual is well-
written and the program educationally
sound. It is obvious that the authors and
designers took a lot of care in its prep-
aration. I would certainly recommend it
as a fine addition to your Color Com-
puter educational library.
(Sierra On-Line, Inc., Coarsegold, CA
93614; $34.95. Available in Radio Shack
stores nationwide.)
— Mark Haverstock
L SoH
ware
CoCo 1, 2 & 3
Financial Time
Conversions —
Help With Financial
Decisions
Do you have a desire to try to figure
out how much that credit card you love/
hate is really costing you? Thinking
about buying a new house or car and
need to figure out how much you can
borrow? Want to know how much those
mortgage payments are really going to
be? It's quite possible you may need
some help. Oh, sure, a calculator can
make the job easier, but what if you
want to juggle some of the numbers, like
interest rates that seem to change daily,
or to see what the house payments will
be with different down payments?
Financial Time Conversions is a
BASIC program that has a series of
menu-driven financial programs which
can be used to figure out all the above
problems and more. The program is
geared to professionals and others
interested in doing fairly sophisticated
financial calculations.
The program is on disk, and the use
of a printer is optional. It is not copy-
protected, so backups can be made for
your own use. There is nothing partic-
ularly difficult about using this pro-
gram. Simply type RUN FINCON. The
program asks if youll be using a printer
or not; a simple Y or N will do.
The menu choices include Present
Value, Uniform Series Value, Future
Value, Interest Rate Conversions, and
Exit From Program.
The first choice offers a uniform
series, a gradient series, a proportional
series, or a future amount. The second
and third selections offer uniform series
values and future values, respectively.
The fourth one allows conversion be-
tween nominal annual and effective
annual interest rates.
Dale Tinklepaugh has informed me
that he found an error in a portion of
Financial Time Conversions that would
effect the result of a conversion from a
proportional series to a present value if
the rate of increase were greater than the
interest rate. The program will actually
stop at a syntax error if this situation
is encountered. The following change
will make the program correct; for your
original program disk and any backup
copies, remove the write protect tab and
type:
LDRD'TINCDN.BRS"
1660 FA=( ( (X+1)^N)-1/X
SAVE'TINCON.BRS"
The program disk also has a backup
file, F INCDN . BRK. You may want to type
SAVE "F I NCON . BRK " to make sure all
copies are correct.
After you've gone through the menu
selection process, the program prompts
you for the pertinent information it
needs to perform the calculations, such
as interest rate, time periods, dollar
amounts, etc. The program does its
Hint . . .
Cursory INKEY$
The INKEY$ function does not stop when it is called. Rather, you
must test the results of this function repeatedly with a comparison
statement. When writing a program and testing this function, I find
it is helpful to have a cursor appear when the computer is waiting for
you to press a key.
To have the INKEYS function display such a cursor, use POKE
&HR5GR,&HB1. To restore this to its original state, use POKE
&HR56R,&HC1. It is also possible to control the flashing of the cursor.
To stop the cursor from flashing, use PQKE&HR1AG , 0. The "anti-poke"
to restore the flashing cursor is P0KE&HR1RG ,1G.
Marc Gagnon
Cap-de-la- Madeleine, Quebec
136 THE RAINBOW January 1988
V
Island Educational Software
ARROW GAMES
32K Ext. - $21.95 tape/ $26.95 disk
Six menu driven games for young
children (ages 3-6) to teach direc-
tions. All games involve using the
arrow keys ONLY. Games include:
LADYBUG, BUTTERFLY, ARROW
MATCH, KALEIDOSCOPE, RABBIT,
and DOODLE. Colorful graphics.
FIRST GAMES
32K Ext. - $24.95 tape/$29.95 disk
First Games contains 6 menu driven
programs to delight and teach ypur
early learners (ages 3^6)v These
games enrich the learning of colors^
numbers, lower case letters, shapes,
memory, visual discrimination arid
counting.
CLOZE STORIES
32K Ext. - $19.95 Tape/$24.95 Disk
These programs give students prac-
tice using the popular CLOZE read-
ing technique. Each program contains
grade appropriate short stories with
key missing words to be deduced by
the student. Available for grades 3, 4,
5, 6, OR 7. Please specil
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
32 K Ext. - tape $19.95/disk $24.95
These programs contain short stories.
Each story has two accompanying
questions that ask the student to draw
V/j conclusions from the text. Available
A for grades 3-4 OR 5-6. Please specify.
LOCATING STORY DETAILS
32K Ext. - disk only - $24.95
These programs contain short stories.
Each has an accompanying picture.
Questions about story details refer to
either the text or pictures. The disk
generated graphics are an integral
part of these attractive programs.
Available for grades 2-3 OR 4-5.
Please specify.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE GAMES
32K Ext. - $19,95 tape/ $24.95 disk
(500 words)
French or Spanish Baseball
Score base hits for home runs for
correct answers. You're out if wrong.
Correct answers supplied. Fun way
to learn and practice vocabulary.
PLEASE SPECIFY LANGUAGE.
PUNCTUATION PRACTICE
32K Ext. - tape $19.95/ disk $24.95
On screen practice in proper usage
of the familiar punctuation marks.
Grades 3-7.
$A1# TUTOR SERIES
16K Ext.
T^S^torialb take the child through
eabh step xrf the example. All pro*:
grams include HELP tables, cursor
and graphic aids. AH allow user to
create the example, or let the com-
puter choose. Mufti-level. Great
teaching programs.
LONG DIVISION TUTOR
$14:95 tape/$19,95 disk
WtMl#iPLICATION TUTOR
$14.95 tape/$1 9.95 disk
FACTORS TUTOR
$1^95 tiape/$24.95 disk
FRACTIONS TUTOR (addition)
$19.95 tape/$24.95 disk
FRACTIONS TUTOR (subtraction)
$19.95 tape/$24.95 disk
FRACTIONS TUTOR (mult.)
$19.95 tape/ $24.95 disk
i/^^^trrBR : LITERACY
32#§^-:$iB.95 tape/$29.95 disk
A computer literacy quiz exclusively
for the Color Computer. Tests and
scores from over 60 questions on a
Hi-res upper and lowercase screen.
Reviews computer literacy and
beginning programming knowfedge.
Ages 10 and up.
ComputerTrlsland
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
(71 8) 948-2748 Evenings after 7:00 PM EST
Dept. R 227 Hampton Green, Staten Island, N.Y. 10312
Send for catalog with complete descriptions.
Please add $1 .00 per order for postage. N.Y. residents, please add proper tax. FREE set of BINARY DICE, including full directions, with
orders of 2 or more items.
Dealer Inquiries Invited.
TRS-80 Color Computer
All Payments in U.S. Funds.
thing, displays the answer and then
prompts for either more calculations or
a return to the menu.
Upon reading the manual that came
with the program, I got the distinct
impression I should have taken some
finance courses. The terms used were
not the everyday ones I was accustomed
to. I thought maybe the nice people at
the magazine made a mistake and sent
this program to someone they thought
was a businessman. But no, after read-
ing it again, the examples were all
concerned with things like mortgages
and car maintenance cost tracking.
If you recognize the terms in the
menu, you'll have no problems. Fortu-
nately, for those of us who don't know
them, the author provides some very
simple examples in the manual. I ran all
of them and they functioned as de-
scribed.
I tried to make the program crash.
Since it is written in BASIC, it's pretty
easy to fool. Just type in outrageous
numbers and it stops with an error
message. I was not able to find any
problems with the program using rea-
sonable numbers. The answers I verified
with a calculator were correct (using the
formula in the program).
So, if you need some help solving
those tough financial problems, Finan-
cial Time Conversions may be for you.
(Prometheus Software, 14684 Joshua Tree
Ave., Moreno Valley, CA 92388, 714-247-
3254; $14: First product review for this
company appearing in the rainbow.)
— C.L. Pilipauskas
war e
CoCo 3 1
RAMDisk —
Speedy
File-Handling
RAMDisk is a machine language
program written by Bill Vergona of
Cercomp and supplied on disk for your
512K CoCo 3. When installed, it pro-
vides your computer with two addi-
tional simulated disk drives. In my case,
with drives 0 and 1 actually connected,
this program resulted in the addition of
drives 2 and 3 in RAM.
The program and its operation are
totally compatible and transparent to
Color BASIC, and the RAM disks added
are treated just like any other physical
disk drive as far as the computer is
concerned. The big difference is that the
RAM disks are lightning fast!
There is also another major differ-
ence. Unlike physical disks that can be
removed from the drives and stored,
any program, file or data stored in a
RAM disk is lost when the computer is
turned off or reset, so keep this in mind.
The beauty of a RAM disk is in its data
and file manipulation, but it should not
be used for mass storage.
RAMDisk is extremely easy to in-
stall. Simply put the disk containing the
program into Drive 0, type LDADM
"RAMDISK" and press ENTER. When the
program is loaded, it automatically
installs itself and displays a copyright
notice and the familiar OK prompt.
RAMDisk automatically assigns drives
2 and 3, so if you already have drives
0 and 1, as I do, you end up with a total
of four drives when you're done. A
DRIVE command is available in the
program to allow you to select which
drive designations you want.
The supplied disk also contains a
handy RA MTest program that is useful
Corrections
"PCLEARO" (One-Liner Contest Winner, December
1987, Page 14): Due to a typographical error, some
of the parentheses in the listing were misplaced. The
corrected line appears below.
10 POKE182,0:POKE183,PEEK(188) :P
OKE184 , 0 : POKE185., 16 : POKE18 6 , PEEK
(188) : POKE187 ,0 : POKE188 , PEEK ( 188
) -6 : PCLEAR1 : POKE183 , PEEK ( 183 ) +6 :
POKE188,PEEK(188)+6
"A Desktop Publisher on a Shoestring" (October
1987, Page 58): Several readers have been unable to
get Desktop Low or Desktop High to work because
of NE errors. These errors occur because the programs
have been unable to find the needed font files.
GENFDNT1 and GENFDNT2 must be run to create the
files F0NT1 and F0NT2. In addition, a disk containing
these generated font files must be in Drive 0 before
either version of the main program will run properly.
"Caught Up in a Galactic Conflict" (November 1987,
Page 78): These corrections to Galactic Conflict were
submitted by the author, Paul Alger. The following
lines need to be replaced or added as appropriate:
1510 LINEINPUTZ$:IF LEN(Z$)>3 TH
EN GOSUB1530: RETURN ELSE Z*=VAL(Z
$) : RETURN
/
1530 IF VAL(LEFT$(Z$,1) ) >0 THEN
FOR LC=1 TO LEN(Z$) ELSE RETURN
1540 IF MID$(Z$,LC, 1)="E" THENLC
=LEN ( Z $ ) : Z $= » " : Z=0 : NEXTLC : RETURN
1550 NEXT: Z=VAL(Z$) : RETURN
3715 IF Y(8)>1 THEN PRINT"Pay yo
ur old loan f irstl " :GOTO3630
4405 IF X<1 OR X>SZ OR Y<1 OR Y>
SZ THEN PRINT"There is no starga
te here! 11 :GOTO300
4730 IFX2>0 AND X2<SZ AND Y2>0 A
ND Y2<SZ THEN LC$=STR$ (G (X2 , Y2 ) )
ELSE PR$=»*" :GOTO47 80
In addition, all references to the variable Z should
be changed to Z3 in lines 3470, 3472, 3475, 3477, 3480,
3482, 3485 and 3487.
For quicker reference, Corrections will be posted on
Delphi as soon as they are available in the Info on
Rainbow topic area of the database. Just type DATA
at the CoCo SIG> prompt and INFO at the TOPIO
prompt.
1 38 THE RAINBOW January 1 988
to test your 512K memory expansion.
This is somewhat redundant since most
memory upgrades come with similar
test programs. RAM Disk and RAM-
Test are not copy-protected, so backup
copies for your own use are no problem.
If you have not yet explored the fun
of using a RAM disk, then you are in
for a pleasant surprise. RAMDisk
provides you with extra file-handling at
incredible speed, at a price you can't
ignore.
(Spectrum Projects, Inc., P.O. Box 264,
Howard Beach, NY 11414, 718-835-1344;
$19.95 plus S3 S/H)
— David Gerald
CoCo 3
Auto Dim —
Protects Against
Image Burn
If you are the kind of CoCo nut who
has to have everything for your comput-
er, then Auto Dim will interest you. It's
a hardware device you hook up to your
CoCo 3 that darkens the screen or your
TV, composite monitor, or RGB mon-
itor after a few minutes of inactivity.
Why would you need such a device?
Well, it has been determined that if a
high contrast image is left on the CRT
(Cathode Ray Tube) screen for ex-
tended periods of time, that image can
be burnt into the tube's phosphor.
While I have never seen this happen on
any of my computer screens, I have seen
it occur on oscilloscope CRTs due to the
high intensity traces usually found on
such equipment. The high degree of
contrast and image sharpness found on
the CoCo 3 makes image burn a possi-
bility.
Auto Dim hooks up to your CoCo 3
in a matter of minutes. The device
consists of two integrated circuit chips
that have been encapsulated in a clear
Lucite-looking material. The small
cube, which measures only 1 !4 by 1 14 by
!/2 inches, looks like a half-melted ice
cube with seven wires emanating from
it. Each wire is terminated with a small
connector clip so that solderless connec-
tion can be made. A piece of double-
sided tape on the bottom of the cube
allows it to be attached on top of the
CoCo 3's RF modulator. Hook-up is
quite simple and the entire operation
takes only about 10 minutes. A three-
page illustrated instruction sheet is
supplied and contains step-by-step
instructions to make it easy. Keep in
mind, though, that you void your com-
puter's 90-day warranty if you add this
gadget, so you might want to wait until
it expires before you hook it up.
You will never know you have Auto
Dim hooked up until you leave your
keyboard to answer the telephone or let
out the cat. If no key is pressed, the
screen will go blank after about 5 l A
minutes. On my CM-8 RGB monitor,
the screen went black. The only indica-
tion that the monitor was still on was
the red power indicator. Pressing any
key upon returning to the computer
restores the screen image.
Auto Dim is a nifty little package that
is easy to install and has a useful pur-
pose. I have one hooked up to my CoCo
3 and find it very reliable.
(Lucas Industries 2000, 14720 Cedar St.
N.E., Alliance, OH 44601, 216-823-4221;
$29.95: First product review for this com-
pany appearing in the rainbow.)
— David Gerald
Run
VIP
on your
CoCo3!
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
tTM)
Req. 64k 1 Drive
CoCo 1 2 3 Compatible
Using Hi-res+ 51 col
NEW CoCo 3 version !
+ Hailer & Jacket P6M
or
•Software for your home since 1983
"I have seen countless "checkbook" program for ihe CoCo.
1 HdU UUk seen a progru ior this purpose as good a/
HOM-PAC," Rush T. Calev Owner Eierson Computer Services
Fast Check/Card is designed to take the "work" out of
bookwork with lightning fast entries personaly configured
to you system and account. Constant balance displays and
sorts for both checking and creditcard. $39.95 shipped
Try it, if you don't like it I'll give your money back!
Specify 51 or 80 col (CC3 w/R6B or lonochrome ion.)
Ancestry, by Chris Meek $39.95 see 11/84 Rainbow Rev
Full line of Bob van der Poel software
Hagnavox 8CH515 CC3 R6B monitor $310.00 w/cable shipped
Say vou saw it here, and take off $5,00
Computer Villa, 1328 48th, DM, I A 50311
Terrv Simons (515)279-2576
VIP Integrated Library
VIP Writer/Speller
VIP Calc
VIP Database
VIP Terminal
VIP Speller
VIP Disk-Zap
All products are RSDOS Disk versions only,
* Available at Radio Shack stores through express order.
Upgrade your VIP Writer, Speller, Calc, Database or Term-
inal to run on your CoCol , 2 or 3 for only $30.00 each!
Send diskette only and check or money order lor $30.
*$149.95
*$69.95
*$69.95
*$59.95
*$49.95
$34.95
$24.95
Upgrade ANY Product to VIP Library
which includes VIP Writer, Speller, Calc, Database, Term-
inal and Disk-Zap, for only $1 05.95.You save $451 Send
original product and check or money order tor $1 05.95.
miit®irpin
P. O. Box 1064. Sandy OR 97055 Ph. (503) 668-7213
Include $3 shipping. Checks allow 3 weeks for delivery.
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 139
The following products have recently been received by
THE RAINBOW, examined by our magazine staff and
issued the Rainbow Seal of Certification, your assurance
that we have seen the product and have ascertained that
it is what it purports to be.
Color Talk 3, a 64K terminal pro-
gram. Features include screen display
options for all CoCos, Xmodem and
Ymodem protocols, saving to buffer
or disk, ASCII filtering, conference
chat mode, etc. For the CoCo 1 , 2 and
3. Computize, P.O. Box 207, Lang-
home, PA 19047, (215) 946-7200;
$49.95.
Data Master, a 512K database man-
ager for OS-9 Level II utilizing win-
dows. The features include pull-down
menus, dialog boxes, a LIST display
format, nine different display and
entry screens, file management, up-
load/download, etc. For the CoCo 3.
Computerware, 4403 Manchester
Avenue, Suite 102, Box 668, Encini-
tas, CA 92024, (619)436-3512; $64.95.
The Director, a menu-driven anima-
tion utility that allows you to display
CoCo 3 graphics pictures with time
delays, color changes and BASIC or
prerecorded cassette music. For the
CoCo 3. Seesof, P.O. Box 574, Beau-
fort, SC 29901, (803) 524-0116;
$49.95.
Hard Disk Organizer, a utility
that allows users to develop menu-
driven pathlists so that application
programs can be accessed from the
hard drive with a single keystroke.
Designed for application on an OS-9
Level II operating system. For the
CoCo 2 and 3. Robert Hengstebeck,
408 Grandview Avenue, Feasterville,
PA 19047, (215) 322-5455; $24.95.
LOT-PRO, a program to help select
lotto numbers for any state or country
"Pick-Six" lotto game. Includes an
140 THE RAINBOW January 1988
option for a randomized wheeling
system. For the CoCo 1, 2 and 3. CJN
Enterprises, P.O. Box 40487, Bakers-
field, CA 93384, (805) 836-1323;
$25.95.
Phantom Graph, a 512K graph and
chart creation program that offers
simplicity for beginning drafters and
varied capabilities for those more
advanced. DynaCalc and Sylk file
programs can be converted to Phan-
tomGraph files. For the CoCo 3.
Tandy Corporation, 1700 One Tandy
Center, Ft. Worth, TX 76102; $39.95.
Available in Radio Shack stores na-
tionwide.
Springster, a 128K Hi-Res color
graphics game. Maneuver through 32
different mazes in search of the Maze
Melon. Battle bad guys, collect treas-
ures and race the clock during your
perilous quest. Three skill levels for
one or two players. For the CoCo 3.
Tandy Corporation, 1700 One Tandy
Center, Ft. Worth, TX 76102; $24.95.
Available in Radio Shack stores na-
tionwide.
^Stylograph, a word processing system
that allows you to type your file,
modifying and correcting it as you go,
and then print it out. For the CoCo
3. Stylo Software, Inc., 482 C Street,
Idaho Falls, ID 83402, (208) 529-
3210; $199.95.
Traintown U.S.A., a 64K Adventure
game. Your vacation destination is a
cozy little home in the country. How-
ever, a summer adventure begins
when you arrive in Traintown and
discover you have no house key, and
there are no people to be found. For
the CoCo 1 , 2 and 3. Software Deluxe,
HCR 85 Box 292, Buffalo, MO 65622,
(417) 345-8619; $15 plus $2 S/H.
4m> First product received from this company
The Seal of Certification program is open to all manufacturers of products
for the Tandy Color Computer, regardless of whether they advertise in
THE RAINBOW.
By awarding a Seal, the magazine certifies the product does exist — that
we have examined it and have a sample copy — but this does not constitute
any guarantee of satisfaction. As soon as possible, these hardware or
software items will be forwarded to THE rainbow reviewers for
evaluation.
— Judi Hutchinson
The Best
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or (one 24 pin and one 28 pin ROM), Using this board
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Completed and Tested Board
with Radio Shack ROM + * ES9.
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Completed and Tested Board without ROM . - t ■ $79.
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Bore Board with Instruction manual .... * $30.
Parts Kit For Bare Board without ROM $30.
Radio Shack ROM (current version) $20.
Radio Shack ROM 1 .0 . . . , , . , + . . ■ . . $40-
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I H a rdwar e Proj e ct
A simple keyboard-locking switch
you have a young child
who likes to bang on the
keyboard when you are
out of the computer room for a short
break? Or, maybe a child who likes to
type in his or her spelling words in
command mode and "new" happens to
be one of them? Or, maybe you have a
game on pause that can be reactivated
by the pressing of any key, and someone
comes while you are out of the room
and presses a key for the heck of it? If
you have these or similar problems, this
very simple hardware project can help.
What this project does is lock the
keyboard by a flip of a switch. This does
not require any internal wiring or
getting into the computer in any way,
so it will not void your warranty. It is
very simple and anyone can do it.
How It Works
Have you ever noticed that pressing
the flrebutton on either joystick locks
up the keyboard so that none of the keys
do anything? Well, this project works on
the same principle: It snorts the flrebut-
ton line to ground in the joystick port.
Ray Onley is a freshman at Forest
Park High School who started
out with a 4K MC-10 in 1985 and
has worked his way up to a 512K
Co Co 3,
What You Need
Be sure to obtain the exact six-pin
jack and plug specified in the parts list.
Even though you may notice that your
joystick plug has only five pins, it is
actually a modified six-pin DIN plug.
(The cassette port and plug are exam-
ples of the standand five-pin DIN
configuration.)
To complete the project youll need
the following tools and supplies: solder-
ing iron, electrical tape, five lengths of
about 22-gauge, 8-inch wire (in five
colors), and a pair of needlenose pliers.
How To Build It
Now let's go through the project step-
by-step. Be sure to follow the instruc-
tions carefully, because you will have
trouble getting back into the canister
later to fix an error.
1) Drill, poke, or melt two holes in
the film canister, one in the center
of the lid and one in the center of
the bottom. Make sure the holes
are big enough to fit the five wires.
Next, on the canister's side, near
the center, drill a hole big enough
to fit the switch into.
2) The five wires will connect five of
the six pins of the two DIN plugs.
Pin 6 is ignored throughout this
project, but you may wish to con-
sider using an extra wire for this
pin if you use a CoCo 3. Make a
list or individual labels to identify
the five colors as wire numbers 1,
2, 3, 4 and 5.
3) Cut wires #3 and #4 in half. Then,
take the two pieces of Wire #3 and
strip about V% inch off one end of
each piece. Loop the two pieces
onto the same post of the switch
and make sure they extend in
opposite directions. Solder this
connection. Repeat the procedure
for the two parts of Wire #4 on the
switch's other terminal.
4) Feed the five wires through the
hole at the bottom of the canister,
one at a time. Keep feeding them
through the hole until the switch is
even with the hole you made for it.
DIN
Plug
142
THE RAINBOW January 19BB
Then poke the switch through the
hole and secure it with the top nut.
Feed the other set of wires through
the hole in the film can lid. Secure
the lid on the can, pulling the five
wires gently.
5) Take the jack and plug apart by
inserting a small screwdriver tip
into the locking slot, pulling it up
and extracting the chrome part of
the plug out of the black cover.
Then take the chrome casing apart
by just pulling it apart.
6) Important: Slip the black covers
from the jack and plug onto the
two sets of wires coming from the
switch canister. Do it now or you
will be sorry!
7) Follow your color code chart and
solder wires 1 through 5 to pins 1
through 5 of the plug. The pin
numbers are marked on the plug
body. Do the same for the other set
of five wires and the jack. Again,
I emphasize that you need strip
only !/g inch of insulation from the
wire ends; that is all the bare wire
needed for neat connections to the
DIN plug and jack terminals. Too
much bare wire could result in
shorting.
8) Make sure that none of the bare
wires are touching each other. If
they are not, replace the chrome
covers on the plug, then slide the
black cover back onto the rest of
the plug. Make sure that the hole
in the chrome casing is lined up
with the locking slot on the black
cover. This makes certain that the
cover is properly locked onto the
casing. Repeat the process for the
jack.
Parts List
Qty. Description
Price
Radio Shack Part #
1 6-pin DIN plug
$1.29
274-020
1 6-pin DIN inline jack
$1.29
274-021
1 Subminiature SPST toggle switch
$1.59
275-612
1 35mm plastic film canister
$0.00
Does It Work?
You are now ready to test your
keyboard-locking switch. Insert the
plug into the left joystick port and plug
a free-float joystick into the jack of your
newest CoCo accessory. Type some-
thing on the keyboard. If the letters do
not appear on the screen, flip the switch
and try typing again. If the letters
appear on the screen, you know that the
switch works as it should. If it is not
working, skip the next two paragraphs
and come back to this later.
After you have confirmed that the
keyboard properly freezes, you need to
check and see if the rest of the wires are
connected as they should be. To do this,
simply type in the following program:
10 PRINT04B0, JOYSTI<(0) ,
JDYSTK(l);
20 GOTO 10
Run the program to see if the two
numbers at the bottom of the screen
change in accord with the X and Y
movement of the joystick. If they do
not, read on.
If It Doesn't Work
There is always a reason for some-
thing not working as it should. And it
is usually better in the long run to
carefully take a project apart and find
out what is wrong than to smash it
against a wall or crush it with a hammer,
even though these methods are widely
used "cures."
The following is a list of nearly
everything that could be wrong with
your project. If you have a multimeter
or simple continuity tester, check all five
lines in accord with the circuit diagram.
Possible causes of project failure:
1) Incorrect wiring of wires 3 and 4
to switch
2) Switch terminals are shorted out
by excess bare wire or sloppy
soldering
3) Defective switch
4) Broken wire
5) Plug or jack terminals shorted by
solder drop or stray wire strand
6) Mix-up among wires 1, 2 and 5
from plug to jack
7) Defective joystick
If you don't use or own joysticks, you
can make a simple version of this proj-
ect in just a few minutes. Use two short
wires to connect pins 3 and 4 of a six-
pin DIN plug to the terminals of the
switch listed above or any other conven-
ient SPST toggle or slide switch. Use
creativity and some electrical tape to
secure the switch neatly to the plug.
(Questions may be directed to the
author at 810 Cascade Road, Cincin-
nati, OH 45240. Please enclose an
SASE when writing for a reply.) /Rs
DIN
Jack
X=Pin 6 not used
S1
I
January 1 988 THE RAINBOW 1 43
1 Turn of th e Scr e w
»
Light up the controller as it writes to disk
Beginners — Add an LED
to Your Controller
Thinking about the Princeton
RAINBOWfest still excites me.
If this RAINBOWfest is any
indication of how the CoCo is doing,
then long live the CoCo! This show was
one of the best I've been to in a long
time. The CoCo 3 seems to be doing
very well. There were lots of new things
for the CoCo 3 — both hardware and
software. Look forward to seeing a few
projects from me for the CoCo 3. I
talked to a lot of people who read this
column, and I would like to thank all
my readers for their support, without
which I would have stopped writing a
long time ago.
Talking to RAINBOWfest goers gave
me a few insights on the direction this
column is heading. I received a lot of
requests for "simple-to-do projects."
Some people want to build something
useful. Others say they want challenging
projects. Well, why don't you send me
your "Hardware Projects Wish List"?
I'll look them over and make the ones
I think other people might like. Send
them to THE RAINBOW, with attention to
me or "Turn of the Screw."
This month, as I promised several
readers, I am doing a beginners project.
In the past, I have done LED (Light
Emitting Diodes) projects that have lit
up just about everything on the CoCo.
I even did a project that lit up different
colors on your disk drive when you
accessed different sides of your drive.
Well, I'm doing another LED project,
Tony DiStefano is a well-known early
specialist in computer hardware proj-
ects. He lives in Laval Quest, Quebec,
By Tony DiStefano
Rainbow Contributing Editor
one I saw done on a disk controller a
long time ago and have not seen since:
an LED to indicate when the disk
controller is writing to the disk.
This is a simple project requiring a
minimum amount of tools and parts.
The parts are available at your local
Radio Shack, and there are only two
needed. The first, of course, is an LED.
Radio Shack has lots of them. I suggest
you buy one that comes with its own
panel-mount holder, as it is easier to
install. The other part is a resistor.
That's it — a simple project that costs
under a dollar.
Before I get into the construction of
the project, let's look into the theory of
the LED. Figure 1 is the electrical
diagram of an LED. An LED, as the
name implies, is first a diode. A diode
is an electronic component that lets
current flow in only one direction; let's
call it the positive direction, which is
shown by the arrow in Figure 1. The
diode presents little resistance to the
current flow. When the diode is con-
ducting, it is said to be "Forward Bi-
ased."
In the other direction, the negative
direction, the diode presents a high
resistance. Current does not flow
through the diode in the negative direc-
tion. When this happens, the diode is
considered to be "Reversed Biased."
When a light emitting diode is forward
biased, it emits light. Quite simple, isn't
it?
When an LED is forward biased, it
conducts current. If we were to put an
LED, forward biased, across the 5 volts
found in the CoCo, it would cause
trouble. The diode would act like a
short and cause the 5 volts to blow a
fuse, as well as the LED itself.
We need something to limit the
amount of current flowing through the
LED. This is where the resistor comes
in. Current flow is measured in amps.
A typical LED can handle up to 50ma.
The term "ma" stands for "miliiamp."
It means 1/ 1,000th of an amp. To have
50ma means to have 50/ l,000ths of an
amp, or .05 amp. Without getting into
too many formulas, we want the LED
to have about lOma. The formula for
calculating resistance from voltage and
current is R = V / I, where the voltage
(V) is 5 volts and the current (I) is lOma.
The resistance is 500 ohms. The closest
value for this resistance that Radio
Shack has is 470 ohms, which will do
just fine. So, to recap the parts, you will
need one LED with panel-mount holder
and one resistor, 470 ohms Va watt.
Next, you will need some tools. Not
many are required, but check to make
sure you have them all before you start.
There is nothing more frustrating than
1 44 THE RAINBOW January 1 988
Proven Technology
New CoCo 3 Utilities
Great for 512K Systems! From Color Venture and OWl^WARE
PRINTER LIGHTNING E»AIMlir%ienr BACKUP LIGHTNING
A great print spooler which gives you
44K print buffer from a 128K CoCo and
up to 438K (200 pages!) from a 512K
CoCo. With this spooler you can run a
program while you are printing a file.
The spooler does not slow down the
computer to any noticeable extent while
you are running a second program and
no lost characters arise. Baud rates
selectable. Printer Lightning can reside
in memory along with RAMDISKl
NEW NEW
Using 512K CoCo 3 you have access to
2 additional disk drives in RAM. All
disk commands are supported, and the
data are Reset button protected. You
can now have up to 5 disk drive capa-
cities on line at once and can assign the
ram disks to any drive number. By
making the ramdisk Drive 0, all pro-
grams which require a lot of drive
access will run much faster. You can
have the RAMDISK in memory at the
same time as the Printer Lightningl
This program is the fastest way to make
backup copies of your files using a 512K
CoCo. You can backup 35 f 40, or 80
track disks single or double sided. Both
RS and OS-9 disks may be backed up.
The original disk is saved to memory
and a copy can be made on an
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Announcing:
The finest graphics/drawing program for the COCO 3!
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16 colors on screen at one time
Modify each color from 64 available colors
Use composite or RGB monitor
Draw with custom paintbrushes
Full resolution 320X192
Picture converter for conversion of
COCO 2 pictures to COCO 3
Multiple text fonts
Accepts input from joystick, X-pad, '
mouse, or touch-pad
Boxes, circles, line, paint generation
Screen dump for Tandy mono and color ink-jet
printers, (NX-10 and others pending)
Sensible price
No additional hardware required because of
course/fine joystick movement modes
Zoom mode for individual pixel editing
Great on screen menu which is removable at
the touch of a key to allow full screen edit
mm
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v • ■ • w.;.jv l**
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i.-T*T<t4
Ha
M
128Kor512KCOC03
$37.95
Super I/O Board for OS-9
Each Board Provides 2 Serial Ports and Centronics Parallel Port
First Board has Real Time Clock and Beeper... With Second Board up to 5 Users
2 Serial Porto
The serial ports are usable up to 19,200 Baud, and
the parallel port is a true Centronics standard.
Plug into your muiti-pak. On CoCo 3, multi<-pak
must be upgraded. You will have a multi-user
system with additional computers or terminals
plugged into the serial ports. An OWL hard drive
and 512K upgrade are stronalv recommended for
multi-user systems. ^ ^%
Intro Price... \p I OOi
BOARD 2. ..$139.
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- ORDER LINES (only) —
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(215) 682-6855 <PA)
Proven Technology
On Hie Razor's L<lge oflhe Color Comnuter frontier
OS-9 Hard Drive Systems
Proven Performance for Demanding Home or Business Use
Drive Access is at Least 8 Times Faster than Floppy Drives
Control up to 2 Drives per Controller each as Continuous Storage
Every hard drive syslem is complete with software,
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LR Tech Interface. When a complete drive system is
ordered, the drive is fully assembled, tested, and
burned in for 3 full days. This ensures dependability
and optimum performance.
We have now been supplying CoQ) hard drive
systems and parts for systems for more than 2 years.
This is the longest history in the CoCo market of any
available drive system. About V* of all hard drive
systems currently in use in the Co Co market use the
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this position in the CoCo hard drive market by
providing our customers with a quality product that
they (and we) can be proud to own and use.
A number of drive systems were in the market place
when the LR Tech Interface was introduced and 2
have been introduced since. Most of these are no
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These systems are even several times faster than
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multi-user system because processor does not stop
for hard drive access.
For OS-9
Levels 1
and 2
System Prices:
$469. $629.
New!
10 Meg
20 Meg
$759.
40 Meg Dealer's Inquires Invited!
Hard Drive Interface
(Includes Software)
For those who want to put together their own
system, we have an exclusive arrangement to
distribute the LR Tech Interface. Please note
that an interface is not a controller. A Xebec,
WD, or Adaptec SASI controller are required
for a drive system.
To assemble a hard drive system yourself re-
quires some reasonable knowledge of OS-9 and
electronic construction and a hard drive that
works. CoCo 3 users will have to upgrade their
Mulli-pak.
Only $119-
Xebec Controller $139.
CoCo 3 51 2K Upgrade
The LR Tech S12K upgrade uses all gold con-
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large system memory from OS-9 Level 2.
Without m With ,
Mem Chips $59. Chips $1 1 2.
Special! See software offer on previous page.
Hard Drive Basic
New For the CoCo 3!
In Answer for the Many Reqests to Run BASIC from a Hard Drive
With the development of the CoCo 3, OWL Ware has been able to
provide a truly professional Hard Drive System using OS-9. There has
not, however, been a method of running your programs from the
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aces, it is now possible to partition your hard drive into RSDOS and
OS-9 sections. The OS-9 partition runs your OS-9 normally. The RSDOS
section is further divided into a number of floppy sized units to run
RSDOS programs. The familiar RS disk commands work normally.
There is little more that must be learned.
All of these RS drive sections are available at all times. It is not necessary
to use assign commands and get access to only a few of these sections.
Programs that use RS-BASIC should work as will all programs which do
not force their own disk drivers.
Call about prices. This should be availabile by the time you read this ad!
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PA (21 5) 682-6855
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Drive 0 systems complete with drive, controller, legal DOS, cable, case & power supply, and manual.
Drive 1 Systems (Fun Hgt) $95. (Half Hgt- DS) $135.
New! New! (3.5" 720K Drive for OS-9) $195.
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( Call for Special Prices on Drive 0, 1, 2, 3 Combos.)
i HALF HEIGHT DRIVE
UPGRADE KIT FOR
RS HORIZONTAL CASES
Why only double the capacity of your
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Takes only 5 minutes.
Model $119. Model $129.
500 501
Our prices do not include shipping costs, but do
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OWL-WARE has a liberal warranty policy. During
the warranty period, all defective items will be
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the buyer except for shipping costs.
Call our technical help line for return authorization
numbers. Return of non-defective items or unauthor-
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All drives are new and fully assembled. We
ship only FULLY TESTED and CERTIFIED
DRIVES at these low prices. Full height
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OWL-WARE
Software Bundle
Disk Tutorial - 3 Utilities - 2 Games
DISK TUTOR Ver. 1 .1
Learn how to use your disk drive from
this multi-lesson, machine language pro-
gram. This tutor takes you through your
lessons and corrects your mistakes for a
quick, painless disk drive intoduction.
(This professionally written tutor is easily
worth the bundle's total price.)
OWL DOS
An operating system that gives faster disk
access and allows the use of double-sided
drives. Corrects a floating point number
error on early CoCo systems.
COPY-IT
Quickly copies selected programs between
disks. A wild card option selects groups of
programs for copy.
VERIFY
Verifies reading of each sector. Bad sec-
tors are listed on the screen.
2 GAMES
We will select 2 games from our stock.
These have sold for more than $20 each.
If sold separately this is over
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Do not mistake this software with cheap,
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of this software is copyrighted and pro-
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with us and has helped hundreds of new
users learn their disk drive.
only $27.95
(or even better)
only $6.95 with
any Disk Drive Purchase!!
starting a project and finding out that
you are missing something. You need a
soldering iron and solder, cutter/
strippers, screwdriver (to match the
screws that open your controller), and
a drill and bit (to match the size of the
LED mounting hardware). You will
also need a few pieces of thin wire and
electrical tape or shrink tubing.
Now we have all the parts and theory
we need to start. It's time to get prac-
tical. In the controller circuit, there is an
output that tells the disk drive hardware
to go into the record or write mode.
Like other signals that control the disk
drive, it must reach the drive itself. This
is done by the 34-wire connecting rib-
bon cable that plugs into the end of the
controller. We will monitor this write
signal with our LED. We want to hook
up our LED so that it lights up when
the controller is writing to the disk. The
write signal is on Pin 24. This signal is
available many places in the controller,
but I chose this one because it is the only
place common to all controllers, Disto,
Radio Shack or any other.
When the controller is idle or reading,
the level on Pin 24 is high, about 5 volts.
When the controller is writing, the pin
is low, or ground-level. We want to
hook up our LED and resistor in such
a way that the LED is on when this
signal is low. Before reading on, think
about it and try to design it by yourself.
Does your design look like the one in
Figure 2? If it does, reward yourself with
a visit to the fridge. If it doesn't, study
the circuit and see where you went
wrong.
Here is the theory behind why I wired
it up this way: As I stated previously,
when the controller is reading, the
signal is high (5 volts). The LED is also
hooked up to 5 volts. Disregarding the
resistor, if a diode (or our LED) has 5
volts on both sides, it cannot have any
current flow. Therefore, the LED is off.
Pin 9
Computer Side
©
Pin 24
Drive Side
Figure 2
When the controller is writing, the
signal is low. When the diode has 5 volts
on one side and ground on the other
side, it becomes forward biased and
conducts. Therefore, the LED is on and
shines brightly.
OK! Time to start constructing. Turn
the computer off and remove the con-
troller from the computer. Remove the
controller's cover using the proper
screwdriver. Locate Pin 24 on the con-
nector that connects to the drives.
Locating this pin may be a bit of a pain.
On the top part of the connector are all
the odd numbers. On the bottom part
are all the even numbers. So, unless you
can see where the pin leads, you will
have to remove the controller from the
bottom part of the case to get to Pin 24.
GET IT ALL!!!
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If you are looking at the bottom part
of the connector, and the connector is
pointing upward, Pin 2 of the connector
is on your right. Count by two toward
the left until you reach 24. Solder a piece
of wire to that pin. Make sure you
solder at the base of the pin and not at
the tip. You will not be able to plug in
the connector, otherwise. Run the wire
out over the side of the controller and
replace the bottom cover. Make sure the
wire is long enough to reach the LED.
Cut the ends of the resistor to leave just
enough room to solder. Solder the wire
to one end of the resistor. Solder the
other end of the resistor to the short lead
of the LED. Now solder another short
piece of wire to the long end of the LED.
At this point you must find 5 volts
somewhere. One place where I know
that all controllers must have 5 volts is
at the connector that plugs into the
controller: on Pin 9 of the connector. It
is on the top this time. Pin 1 of the
computer connector is on the same side
as Pin 1 of the drive connector. Solder
the wire that comes from the LED to
this pin on the computer side of the
connector. That is all the soldering you
have to do. Use black tape or shrink
tubing to hide all of the exposed wires,
including the resistor.
The only thing you have left to do is
mount the LED. Find a suitable place
on the cover to mount it. But you have
to be able to see it when the controller
is plugged into the computer, and the
back side of the LED cannot touch the
controller. If you have a Multi-Pak, you
may want to make your hole on the end
of the controller, so that the LED will
be pointing up when it is plugged into
the Multi-Pak.
Now close up the cover, and test it
out. Set up your system and turn it on.
Make sure you get your normal mes-
sage. Put a blank or otherwise "non-
useful" disk in the drive. If this circuit
doesn't work right, you don't want to
destroy a good disk. If all is OK, try
entering DIR. The LED should not
come on. If all is OK, try using DSKINI
to format the disk. The LED should go
on and blink for every track the con-
troller formats. If the controller formats
the disk properly and the LED works,
all is OK. If not, go back and check your
work. If you cannot find anything
wrong, try reversing the LED. It may be
in backward.
Enjoy your new LED. I hope you
have learned a little more about the
hardware in your computer. Till next
time. Don't forget to send in that
"Hardware Projects Wish List." /R\
148
THE RAINBOW January 1988
CoCo Consu l tat i ons
CoCo
/ am trying to power a speaker am-
plifier (R.S. Cat. No. 277-1008) off a
CoCo 3 to use as a source of sound with
my monochrome monitor. Normally, it
calls for a 9-volt battery. I hooked it to
the output of IC36 (an 8-volt regulator)
in the CoCo 3, but now occasionally my
screen images disappear. Can you help?
Mark C Smith
(MRMAJER)
Greenville, TX
That 8-volt regulator (IC 36) is used
to produce regulated 8 volts for the
video circuitry of the CoCo 3. It has a
very tiny rated current output (100
MA), and so it is not surprising that
when you added the speaker amplifier
to it, it got overloaded and went into
thermal shutdown.
The correct way to power that
speaker amp unit from the CoCo 3 is to
hook it up directly to the unregulated
DC supply of the CoCo, which tends to
be about JO volts. This 10-volt unreg-
ulated DC can be obtained from Pin 16
of IC 8, or from the plus terminal of C
29 (the 4,700 mfd main filter capacitor),
or from the junction of Dl and D2.
Martin H. Goodman, M.D., a physi-
cian trained in anesthesiology, is a
longtime electronics tinkerer and out-
spoken commentator — sort of the
Howard Cosell of the CoCo world. On
Delphi, Marty is the SIGop of rain-
bow's CoCo SIG and database man-
ager of OS-9 Online. His non-computer
passions include running, mountaineer-
ing and outdoor photography. Marty
lives in San Pablo, California.
Powers the
By Marty Goodman
Rainbow Contributing Editor
Accessing the Back Side
/ have a pair of double-sided drives,
and normally can access each side of
them using my system. However, some
programs (Hickyterm and KDSK)
don't seem to be able to access the back
sides of these drives. The problem seems
to be limited to those programs that do
not use RS DOS calls, but rather have
their own disk sector I/O routines
(bsKCms) in them. Can you help?
Fred Ahlberg
( FREDA HLBER G )
Kingston, NH
You are quite right in identifying the
problem as being the failure of certain
programs to use your Disk Basic's
ROM routines. I would assume that
your Disk BASIC (RS DOS, JDOS,
ADOS, or whatever) has been modified
in EPROM to define Drive 2 as the back
of Drive 0 and Drive 3 as the back of
Drive 1. (This is the most common, and
most sensible, arrangement.)
When the programs in question cir-
cumvent the DSKCON routine in Disk
BASIC they are unable to reach the back
sides of your drives. In the case of
Rickyterm, Don Hutchison has written
some excellent modifications to it that
will permit the sort of double-sided
operation you desire. These should be
available on Delphi now. In the case of
KDSK, you would have to disassemble
the program, find the DSKCON routine,
locate the drive mask table there, and
modify it. The drive mask table is
usually located near the very end of the
DSKCON routine. Check a disassembly of
Disk BASIC (Disk Basic Unravelled,
available from Microcom Software and
Spectrum Projects) for details.
Amp
A second approach would be to make
a hardware modification of your drives.
Using a bunch of diodes or a quad OR
gate, the drives can be set up as two
logical drives on each side.
One approach would be to run the
drive select 0 and 2 lines from the
controller into the two inputs of an OR
gate, and feed the drive select line on the
drive with the output of that OR gate.
Then also run the incoming drive select
2 line to the side select pin on that drive.
(Do a similar thing for drive select 1 and
3 lines with the other drive). After such
a modification is installed, you merely
use any standard DOS ROM that is not
modified itself for double-sided opera-
tion, and your two physical drives will
work as if they are four logical drives,
regardless of what RS DOS program
you are using. This approach is won-
derful for Disk Extended BASIC, but
should never be done by users of OS-
9, which requires that the drives be
unmodified for proper use of double-
sided drives.
Degas to Color Max
Is there a way to convert Atari Degas
files to be viewed or modified on a
CoCo 3 under Computize's Color Max?
Dave Lucas
Chicago, IL
Greg Miller, one of the co-authors of
Color Max, has provided a program to
view Degas files, and I believe Comput-
ize may have a utility for converting
them. The viewing utility is available on
Delphi in the Graphics section. I would
suggest a call to Computize about the
converter utility.
January 1 988 THE RAINBOW 1 49
CoCo 3 Questions
1) Does the Co Co 3 work with
JDOS?
2) Is the JRAM 512K expansion
board for use only as a RAM disk, or
is it for the Co Co 3?
3) Are there bugs in the Co Co 3's
ROM?
4) Does OS-9 Level II have icons and
pull-down menus? I mean, is it "user-
friendly'?
5) Is 512K of RAM needed for OS-
9 Level II?
6) Can OS-9 Level II take advantage
of a double-sided drive?
7) Is BASIC09 included in OS-9 Level
II?
8) Is an editor assembler included
with OS-9 Level II?
9) What is involved in making a
CoCo 3 512K upgrade board?
Nicolaus Alber Barges Schrifer
Salvador, Brazil
1) JDOS will not work properly with
the CoCo 3. Of all previous patched
DOS systems, only ADOS 3 (see Speo
tro Systems ad) will work properly on
the CoCo 3, and that is because it was
written from the ground up for the
CoCo 3. I recommend it highly if you
want an enhanced disk ROM for the
CoCo 3.
2) J&R made a 512K add-on for the
CoCo 1 and 2. This worked only as a
RAM disk (or printer spooler). J&R
also makes a CoCo 3 512K memory
upgrade board, though this is a different
item. Note that many other companies
(PBJ, Disto, Hemphill and Owlware)
also make CoCo 3 512K upgrade
boards. All of these are advertised in
RAINBOW.
3) The CoCo 3's ROM is riddled with
minor bugs and badly thought-out
design characteristics. A list of them
would take up several pages. If you can
log onto Delphi, we have lists of them
posted there. None of these bugs are
terribly serious, and all can be circum-
vented. None have any significance if
you are running OS-9.
4-8) OS-9 itself is not at all user-
friendly. It is a pure, ancient, prompt-
oriented operating system, designed for
programmers and not for users. This is
as true of Level II as it is of Level I. Any
user-friendliness about OS-9 software
must be created by the individual pro-
grammer.
But Level II does provide for pro-
grammers creating icons and windows,
and, when Multi-Vue is available, will
1 50 THE RAINBOW January 1 988
support creation of elaborate graphics
interfaces with relative programming
ease. But it does not come with its own
standardized graphics interface of par-
ticular icons, screen images, and the
like. OS-9 Level II does come with
BAS1C09 included. An editor assembler
is not included. For that you would have
to buy the "Developer's Kit."
Although OS-9 Level II will run on
a 128K CoCo, 512K is absolutely re-
quired to make any use of most of its
unique and desirable features. So, for
virtually all intents and purposes, I
would say there is no point in getting
OS-9 Level II unless you also own a
512K CoCo. All versions of OS-9,
especially OS-9 Level II, support a wide
variety of disk drives with great ease,
including double-sided 40- and double-
sided 80-track drives (360 and 720K
type drives).
9) CoCo 3 512K upgrade boards are
electronically quite trivial, consisting
only of sixteen 4 1 256 memory chips and
associated .33 mfd deglitching caps, and
one 10 mfd filter cap. Some manufac-
turers use 33 ohm anti-ringing resistors.
Making up the board, however, is quite
tedious. And a decent printed circuit
board with proper layout of power and
ground planes is required for the thing
to run properly. Do not try to hand wire
such a thing! Overall, I would say it is
a waste of time to make one's own 5 12K
board. Instead, I strongly recommend
you order one of the half-dozen or so
different varieties available via RAIN-
BOW magazine ads. If you insist on
doing it yourself, complete information
about such boards is available in the
service manual for the CoCo 3, which
is available from Tandy National Parts
(Cat. No. 26-3334).
Choosing a Monitor
What is the best low-cost monitor
capable of 80-by-32 display? I want a
true, monitor t not a TV made to look
like a monitor. And what about video
drivers?
Ernie Bennett
Beckley, WV
1 am sure you meant to write 80-by-
24, not 80-by-32, because 80-by-32 is
never used, while 80-by-24 is the indus-
try standard. Anyway, no ordinary
television is capable of displaying 80-
by-24 character screens. Almost any
composite video monochrome monitor
will be excellent for your purpose,
Many companies advertise such moni-
tors in RAINBOW for $60 to $90 each.
There is relatively little difference
among makes and models. The main
thing to consider is color (green vs.
amber vs. white letters). Individual
units vary in terms of anti-glare prop-
erties and cabinet styling. Usually such
variations are of minimal significance.
Be sure not to get an "IBM-type" or
"TTL monochrome" monitor. What
you want is a composite video-type
monochrome monitor.
Note that the CoCo 1 and 2, which
require a video driver in order to be used
with a monitor, cannot display a read-
able 80-column screen. Only the addi-
tion of a Word Pak RS and a Multi-Pak
Interface will solve that problem. Even
then, very little software works with the
Word Pak. Instead, if you need 80-
column display, the only sensible ap-
proach is to get a CoCo 3. Now, the
CoCo 3 has its own composite video
output, so no special video driver is
needed. You will, however, need to use
software that allows you to turn off the
color burst signal, or select a white on
black character set, in order for the
image to be clearly readable on a mono-
chrome monitor.
Quest of the Memory Map
/ need to know how the memory
manager of the CoCo 3 works, and
about what its memory map is like.
Where can I get this information?
Bob Toronchut
Newbrook, Alberta, Canada
The information you seek is available
in the Tandy Service Manual for the
CoCo 3. Merely ask your local Radio
Shack store to order the "Service Man-
ual" for the CoCo 3 (Cat. No. 26-3334),
or call Tandy National Parts in Fort
Worth and directly order it. The price
is about $14 (American).
Your technical questions are wel-
comed. Please address them to CoCo
Consultations, THE RAINBOW, P.O. Box
385, Prospect, KY 40059.
We reserve the right to publish only
questions of general interest and to edit
for brevity and clarity. Due to the large
volume of mail we receive, we are unable
to answer letters individually.
Questions can also be sent to Marty
through the Delphi CoCo SIG. From the
CoCo SIG> prompt, pick Rainbow
Magazine Services, then, at the RAIN-
BO W> prompt, type RSK (for Ask the
Experts) to arrive at the EXPERTS>
prompt, where you can select the "CoCo
Consultations" online form which has
complete instructions.
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The lessons advance only after the stu-
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All you need is the TRS-80* Color Com-
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Of course you can stop the lesson at any
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To answer questions throughout the les-
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CHOOSE FROM 9 SUBJECTS
There is not sufficient space in this adver-
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In today's advanced, HiTech world, under-
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Sixteen lessons: MBA-1 to 16
o
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Sixteen lessons: MN-1 to 16
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A practical education begins with good
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Sixteen lessons: VC-1 to 16
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The BASIC Versions
By Richard E. Esposito
Rainbow Contributing Editor
with Richard W. Libra
/ have recently obtained a Co Co 2
from a friend and am having a hard
time trying to figure out what version
of Color BASIC I have. Is there an easy
way to obtain this information?
Scott Peterson
New London, CT
T) Simply type EXEC 41175 and the
start-up logo with the version
number will be printed on your screen.
Those Mysterious Keys
What are the ALT, CTRL, Fi and F2
y keys used for on the Co Co 3? There
is no mention in the instruction book
of these keys. .
Paul Scholz
Cotati, CA
fi. The ALT and CTRL keys are pri-
/L marily for OS-9 Level II. These four
keys were added to fill in the keyboard
matrix, and all four can be used with
custom software that directly accesses
the keyboard rollover table. The HJL
custom keyboard has supplied these
keys for years, only HJL called them fi,
F2, F3 and F4.
Richard Esposito is a senior project
engineer with Northrop Corp. He holds
bachelor's, master's and doctorate
degrees from Polytechnic Institute of
Brooklyn. He has been writing about
microcomputers since 1980.
Richard Libra is a simulator test
operator for Singer Link Simulation
Systems Division.
152 THE RAINBOW January 1988
s
I
The Doctor Tells All
What kind of hardware is included in
your personal computer setup?
James Sutton
Brooklyn, NY
15 I have a CoCo 3 with a JramR
/C 5 1 2K upgrade, a down-under con-
troller, two TEAC 55F 80-track,
double-sided drives, a Radio Shack
Line Printer VIII, a Radio Shack Direct
Connect Modem I (300 baud), a Multi-
Pak interface, a Magnavox 8CM515
RGB monitor, a Speech/ Sound Pak
and an RS-232 Pak. I also have a 64K
CoCo 1 with the original Word-Pak, a
Graphics Tablet, and a 40-track TEAC
55BV drive with an old Radio Shack 12-
volt controller. In addition to that, I
have an MC-10 with a tape recorder, a
Model 100 laptop, and a Sharp PC-
7000 (a portable Compatible).
VDG Upgrade
I have a CoCo 2 that I bought three
years ago. I thought I read some-
where that the newer CoCo 2s use a
different or improved VDG. Is this true?
Can I upgrade to it? If so, how difficult
would it be?
Donald G. Campbell
( DONCA MP BELL)
Greenwood, IN
Yc, The newest CoCo 2s use the 6847-
Tl, but it is not a direct drop-in
replacement. See Tony DiStefano's
"Turn of the Screw," November 1986,
Page 88, for information on mating this
newer VDG to your old CoCo.
A CoCo PC?
I'm thinking about adding a hard
drive to my system. I have a CoCo
3 with OS-9 Level II, Mult i- Pak and
a Radio Shack disk controller. If I
change to a Disto controller and add on
a hard drive controller, can I buy just
a bare hard drive or do I need something
else? How large a hard drive can we use?
Why couldn't an MS-DOS be written
for the CoCo, as everyone knows the
6809 is far superior to the 6502 used in
the Commie and Apple?
Kenneth A. Barnett
Anchorage, AK
The most popular hard drive
CoCo system is one with the LR
V
INSTANT SOFTWARE!!
Pay only for what you want!
Quality Utility Software at Unbelievable Prices!
40K for Cassette Programs: 1100
40K for Disk Basic Programs: 1101
ALPHA-DIR: Alphabetize your Dm. 1102
APPOINTMENT CALENDAR: 1103
AUTOMATIC DISK BACKUP: Rea. 2 drives! *104
AUTOMATIC 5'tlin. CASSETTE SAUE: 1105
AUTOMATIC 5 Min. DISK SAUE: * 1 OS
AUTO DIR BACKUP: No more FS Errors! 1107
BANNER MAKER: 7 B High Letters! 1108
BASIC PROGRAM AUTORUN -FROM TAPE: 1109
BASIC SEARCH: Search lor a string. 1110
BO.RDER MAKER: 255 Border Styles! Hill
CALENDAR MAKER: For DMP Printers. #113
CASSETTE LABEL MAKER: MP's Only. 1114
CLOCK: Keeps tiie as you program. #115
COMMAND KEYS: Short Hand for Basic. #1 16
COMMAND MAKER: Design your own CDanands.il 17
COMMAND SAUER: Saves/Recalls Coniiands. 1118
CALCULATOR: On-screen calc. Hhen programing. tl 19
CURSOR STYLES: 65535 cursor styles! 1121
DISK CATALOGER: Puts DIRs into Master DIR. §122
DISK ENCRYPT: Password-protect Bas. Progs. 1123
DMP CHARACTER SET EDITOR: 1125
DMP SUPERSCRIPTS: Breat for Ten-papers! 1126
DOS COMMAND ENHANCER: #127
ENHANCED KILL: 1128
ENHANCED LLIST: Beautiful Listings! 1129
ERROR LOCATOR: CoCo locates your errors. #1 30
FAST SORT: 100 strings in 3 seconds!! 1131
FILE SCRAMBLER: Hide your private files! 1132
FULL ERRORS: English error lessages! 1133
FUNCTION KEYS: Speeds prog. tiie. 1134
GEMINI/EPSON GRAPHICS DUMP: 1135
GRADEBOOK: Great for teachers! 1136
GRAPHICS SCREEN COMPRESSION: 1137
GRAPHICS SCREEN DMP DUMP: 1138
GRAPHICS SCREEN LARGE DMP DUMP: 1139
GRAPHICS LETTERINGS sizes! 1140
GRAPHICS MAGNIFY/EDIT: 1141
HOME BILL MANAGER: Keep track of bills. #142
INPUT/OUTPUT DATA MONITOR: 1143
KEY CLICKER: Ensures inout accuracy. #144
KEY SAUER: Save/Recall your keystrokes. 1145
LAST COMMAND REPEATER: 1146
LINE COPY: Copy Basic Lines. 1147
LINE CROSS REFERENCE: 1148
LIST/D1R PAUSE: No aore flybys! 1149
LOWERCASE COMMANDS: 1150
MASS INITIALIZATION: 1152
ML/BASIC MERGE: Merge ML fc Bas. Progs. 1153
MESSAGE ANIMATOR: 6reat Billboard! 1154
ML TO DATA CONUERTOR: 1155
MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST MAKER: 1156
NUMERIC KEYPAD: 6reat for nuibers. #157
ON BREAK GOTO COMMAND: 1158
ON ERROR GOTO COMMAND: 1159
ON RESET GOTO COMMAND: 1160
PHONE DIRECTORY: 1161
PAUSE CONTROL: Put prograus on hold! #162
PROGRAM PACKER: For Basic Prograus. 1163
PURCHASE ORDER MAKER: Heat Invoices! #164
RAM DISK: In-nerory disk drive. #165
REPLACE: Find/replace strings. #166
REUERSE UIDEO ( GREEN) : Eliminates eyestrain. #167
REUERSE UIDEO C RED) : Eliminates eyestrain. #168
RAM TEST: Checks your RAM. #169
SIGN MAKER: RUNs on any printer' 1170
SINGLE STEPPER: Great debugger' 1171
SPEEDUP TUTORIAL: 1172
SPODLER -.Speedup printouts! 1173
SUPER INPUT/LINEINPUT: 1174
SUPER COMMAND KEYS: 1175
SUPER COPY: COPY multiple files. #176
SUPER EDITOR: Scroll thru Bas. Progs. #177
SUPER PAINT: 65535 patterns! #178
SUPER REPEAT: Repeat Key. #179
SUPER SCROLLER: View Scrolled Lines. #180.
TAB/SHIFT LOCK. KEYS: #181
TAPE ENCRYPT: Password protect Bas. Progs. #18:
TEXT SCREEN DUMP: #183
TEXT SCREEN SCROLL LOCK: #184
TITLE SCREEN CREATOR: 1185
UNKILL: your KILLed disk prograns. #186
UARI ABLE CROSS REFERENCE: 1 187
12
1 PROGRAM S9 2 PROGRAMS S16 3 PROGRAMS $21
4 PROGRAMS $24 5 OR MORE PROGRAMS $5 EfrWU,
ALL PROGRAMS ON DISK. MORE THAN ONE PROGRAM SENT DN THE SAME DISK.
DOCUMENTATION INCLUDED;
AJP
MICROCOM SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 21 4
Fairport, N.Y. 14450
Phone (71 6) 223-1477
AH ordersS50 & above (except COQs) shipped by UPS 2nd Qay Air at no extra charge Last minute shoppers
can benefit VISA MC, AM EX, Check MO. Please add $3.00 S&H(USA& Canada), other countries
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Call Toll Free (For Orders) 1-800-654-5244 9 AM -9 PM Monday- Saturday
Except NOrder Status, Information, Technical Information, NY Orders call 1 -71 6-223-1 477
Tech interface. These systems and indi-
vidual components are sold by Owl-
Ware, P.O. Box 1 16-D, Mertztown, PA
19539, (800) 245-6228. In order to run
MS-DOS on the CoCo, you would need
an 8088 coprocessor board, and, since
the CoCo's memory and hardware are
mapped differently, it would require a
significant amount of additional hard-
ware for full PC-compatibility. Since
this would most likely be a specialty
item (spelled HIGH PRICE), I do not
foresee such a device, especially in the
light of cheap PC Compatibles.
The Trying "Retry"
/ keep getting a "retry" (reposition-
ing of disk heads) while formatting/
verifying all disks on OS-9 Level II.
This "retry" occurs only on double-
sided 80-track operations on Track 70 j
71 (Hex). I've tried three different disk
controllers and removal of the Multi-
Pak. The "retry" occurs on both \d0
and jdl, and does not occur under
single-sided operation on Level II or
Level I or with 80-track patches under
RS-DOS. This "retry" doesn't seem to
hurt anything, only occurs once, and
always "gets by. " Is this a bug in OS-
9 Level II software?
Brad Zvonar
Grand Ledge, MI
Tis only a minor inconvenience:
/L Once formatted, I know of no one
having problems with any of these 80-
track, double-sided disks. However,
many people have reported "strange"
happenings when trying to use one of
the older 12-volt disk controllers under
Level II. These controllers don't work
correctly at Level IPs 2MHz.
Poke Monochrome Fix
/ have just bought a VM-4 mono-
chrome monitor to use with my
CoCo 3. The display on power-up is
not clear at all; however, using the
following pokes from a previous RAIN-
BOW issue, POKE &HEE033,16-PDKE
&HE03C19 and POKE &HE045,13,
makes the display after changing the
colors perfect. Is there another way of
getting the same results permanently?
When using program packs and my
modem I can't use the pokes.
Stuart T Smith
Cliffside Park, NJ
If you have an EPROM made of
ADOS-3, you can customize it for
monochrome before having it burned.
/ have a CoCo 3. When I hook a
monochrome monitor to the video
connectors on the back, I notice
about six diagonal lines on the screen.
This happens when the border is any-
thing but black and when using either
the PMODE or H5CREEN modes. Is this a
common problem? If so, is there a
solution?
Peter R. Pankhurst
Winnipeg, Manitoba
See previous letter for pokes.
Dirty Heads
/ purchased the Tandy cassette re-
corder CCR 81 and use only Tandy
computer cassette tapes. Lately I
have had great difficulty storing data on
the cassettes.
Marty Povondra
Omaha, NE
13 If you are a heavy user of
cassettes, consider the possibility
of dirty heads on your recorders. Head-
cleaning kits are readily available and
may very well solve your problem.
McMillions of Control Codes
I own a CoCo 2 and have a Star NX-
10 printer. I would like to know what
printers are compatible with other
printers in control codes.
Toby Bauer
Gig Harbor, WA
13 That's a tall order. Printers are like
A /^McDonalds' hamburgers, mil-
lions & millions. The ones to consider
are those that are IBM Proprinter-,
Epson-, or Tandy-compatible,
Tracking CoCo Util II
In the September, 1987 column, you
mentioned the program CoCo Util
II. Where can I get it?
Andy Dater
Boston, MA
O CoCo Util His sold by Spectrum
A X Projects, P.O. Box 264, Howard
Beach, NY 11414, for $39.95.
Hot CoCo
My CoCo 3 seems to be overheating
after about an hour of use. I have the
Disto 512K upgrade installed. After
an hour's use, the system crashes; I have
run several 512 MEM tests — they
either crashed or gave a bad RAM at
block $0E, location 1C0L The heat sink
on the left-hand side of the mother-
board was quite hot and the satellite
MEM board was warm. After a shut-
down of about V/2 hours, everything
runs OK for about an hour, then the
system crashes again. Any ideas?
Franz C Shattuck
Hillsboro, NH
13 You have a fairly common prob-
^/C lem with CoCo 3s that can usually
be easily solved by adding a small
external muffin fan to cool your CoCo's
interior.
A Simple Cassette Merge
Your method of merging cassette
programs is admirable, but it is
needlessly complex. A simple OPEN
8-1, "FILENAME" : PQKE111,255:
EXEC&HAC7C merges F I LENAME with the
program in memory, exactly like the
disk MERGE command.
Note: The file to be merged must be
saved in ASCII format, i.e., CSflVE
"FILE", A.
Alan T. DeKok
Kanata, Ontario
Thanks for the information.
OS-9 Hard Drivers
I recently acquired a Western Digital
WD1000-TB1 disk controller and a
Seagate ST-412 10-Meg hard disk.
Does anyone have an adapter and
drivers for OS-9 Level II?
Robert B. Brogdon
Watauga, TX
15 Yes, contact Owl- Ware regarding
/C their LR Tech interface. Complete
systems and individual components
based on this interface are sold by Owl-
Ware, P.O. Box 1 16-D, Mertztown, PA
19539, (800) 245-6228.
Disk EDTASM on CoCo 3
How can I use disk EDTASM with
my CoCo 3?
Josh Abrams
Brooklyn, NY
15 Thanks to Roger A. Krupski for
/Lthe following patches for disk
EDTASM, which will allow proper
operation in 40-width and 80-width on
the CoCo 3. To make EDTASM boot
up automatically rather than having to
type EDTASM, just add the following line
to the DOS . BA5 program: 1 REMEDTASM.
Note there is no space after REM. Use the
154
THE RAINBOW January 1 988
♦
following program to make the neces-
sary patches to EDTflSM.BIN:
The listing: PATCH
100 1 COPYRIGHT (C) 1987 BY:
110 ? ROGER A. KRUPSKI
120 ■
260 A$=HEX$(PEEK(&HFFFE))+HEX$(P
EEK(6eHFFFF) )
270 IF A$0"8C1B" THEN CLS : PRINT
"ONLY FOR THE COCO- 3 ! " : END
280 POKE &H9692,17
290 P CLEAR 16
300 POKE &H9692,9
310 PALETTE 12,63
320 PALETTE 13,0
330 WIDTH 32: CLS: VERIFY ON
340 IF FREE(PEEK(&H95A})<7 THEN
PRINT"DISK TOO FULL ! ** : END
350 PRINT"PATCHS FOR DISK EDTASM
TO RUN"
360 PRINT"ON THE COCO-3 IN 80 CO
LUMNS"
370 PRINT
380 PRINT "INSERT A COPY (NOT ORI
GINAL) "
390 PRINT" OF YOUR DISK EDTASM AN
D PRESS"
400 PRINT "<ENTER> WHEN READY TO
PATCH"
410 A$=INKEY$
420 IF A$=CHR$(13) THEN 440
430 GOTO 410
440 PRINT " LOAD ING EDTASM..."
450 RENAME "EDTASM . BIN" TO "EDTAS
M. OLD"
460 LOADM" EDTASM. OLD"
470 PRINT" PATCHING EDTASM..."
480 READ AD$ ,DT$
490 IF AD$-"END" THEN 520
500 POKE VAL("&H"+AD$),VAL("&H"+
DT$)
510 GOTO 480
520 PRINT"SAVING PATCHED VERSION
530 SAVEM" EDTASM . BIN" , &H1600 , &H4
A7F,&H1600
540 PRINT"DONE!"
550 PC LEAR 4: CLEAR 200,&H7FFF:NE
W
560 DATA 1617,84, 1643,31, 1D18,
7F, 1D19,FF
570 DATA 1D1A,DE, 1D1B,6E, 1D1C,
9F, 1D1D,FF
580 DATA 1D1E,FE, 1D1F,12, 1D20,
12, 1D21,12
590 DATA 1D22,12, 1D23,12, 1D3F,
BD, 1D40,A1
600 DATA 1D41,B1, 1D42,12, 1D7A,
10, 23B8,31
PRINT# Problems
/ have always had trouble with the
BASIC statement for PRINTtt. If there
are more than two items of data, I
cannot use commas between them as
shown in the instruction manual. It
works on tape but not on disk. All of
the data items are given to the first
variable. To be able to use this state-
ment, I must give each item of data its
own PRINTtt. / am using the J&M
controller with RS-DOS and a CoCo 3
with 128K.
Rob Cloud
Detroit, MI
Each PRINTtt statement generates
/C a record in your data file. If you
have an INPUTtt statement similarly
configured, it can read in those values
from your file.
For a quicker response, your ques-
tions may also be submitted through
rainbow's CoCo SIG on Delphi.
From the CoCo SIG> prompt, pick
Rainbow Magazine Services, then,
at the RAINBOW> prompt, type
ASK for "Ask the Experts" to arrive
at the EXPERTS> prompt, where
you can select the "Doctor ASCII"
online form which has complete
instructions.
DON'T PAY TOO MUCH FOR YOUR SOFTWARE!
For as little as 50 cents a program you can get quality programs such as Word Processors,
Basic Compilers, Budget Managers, Arcade Type Machine Language Games and much
more! A subscription to T&D Subscription Software provides you with 10 ready-to-run
programs on tape or disk delivered by first class mail every month.
No! We are not the same as The Rainbow On Tape. In fact, many subscribers have written
in and said that we are much better than Rainbow On Tape!
* 16K-128K Color Computer
★ Over 5000 Satisfied Customers
* All Programs Include
Documentation
★ Available on COCO 1. 2. and 3!
RAINBOW
CtHTIFtCATIOH
PRICES
TAPE THIS
OR DISK MONTH ONLY
1 YEAR (12 issues) J0*6tT 60.00
6 MO. (6 issues) 4&fltT 35.00
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Michigan Residents Add 4°o
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Personal Checks Welcome 1
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VISA
TURN TO PAGE 32 AND SEE WHAT WE HAVE
PRODUCED SO FAR IN OVER 5 YEARS OF
PUBLISHING QUALITY SOFTWARE.
T& D SUBSCRIPTION SOFTWARE, 2490 MILES STANDISH DR., HOLLAND, Ml 49424 (616) 399-9648
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 155
»,
Tutorial
OS-9
Tips for the OS-9 beginner
Stalking the Fire-Breathing
By Nancy Ewart
dventure gaming is no way near
j^&tias mentally invigorating as the
JtL J^challenge of OS-9 program-
ming. Once you have conquered the
first puzzle of making a bootable system
disk configured with the modules and
commands you choose, you can use
some of the many applications that are
available under OS-9. You can put text
editors, programming language compil-
ers or games to work quite easily.
The time comes, though, when you
want to change things around a bit —
to eliminate unnecessary steps, to make
more things happen automatically, or
to organize everything a bit differently.
Now you have challenges again. You are
Nancy Ewart is an OS-9 programmer
who lives in Toms River, New Jersey.
She serves as vice president of the
Computer Club of Ocean County and
is a member of C and OS-9 SIGs.
dealing directly with the system, stalk-
ing the fire-brealhing dragon.
You are in the middle of OS-9 king-
dom and nothing works! You are get-
ting errors right and left, north and
south. Even pud gives you an error. You
are truly a lost dog in high weeds. What
has most likely happened is that you
have changed your execution CMD5
directory to a data directory or to a
CMD5 directory with limited commands.
For a quick fix, find yourself by
putting your system disk in Drive 0.
Type chd /d0 ; chx /d0/cmds. Now, at
least, you are back to the beginning, and
everything should work again.
The command mdir gives you a list
of the modules/ commands in memory.
Think of the commands you have been
trying that haven't worked because you
did not have access to them. Type chd
/d0/cmds. Now load a few essential
additional commands, such as load
pud pxd dir free. Since these com-
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NOTE: Unless otherwise noted, all the prod-
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and OS9 Level II.
Sculptor, the 4th genera-
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Special $295
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Inside OS9 Level II Kevin
Darling's great book on Level
II. The book on OS9 Level II
for the CoCo 3. Reg $39.95
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Save $10.00!
The WIZ, The terminal pro-
gram for the CoCo 3 with
windows and more, without
question the best terminal
program ever for the CoCo.
Reguires a RS232 Pack or
Disto RS232. Reg $79.95
Special $69.95
Save $10.00!
DynaStar Word processor
with mail merge, creates in-
dex and table of contents.
Comes with formatter, sup-
ports windows and terminals
at the same time! Reg $150
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DynaSpell Spelling check-
er by Dale Puckett for Dyna-
Star and other word proces-
sors. Includes dictionary
lookup utility. Reg $94.50
Special $45.00
Save $44.90
OS9 Users Group Disks
now available direct from
FHL - NO WAITING!!!
Membership in the UG is
NOI Required!!!
FHL Pays the UG a royalty for
each disk sold, so you will
still be helping the UG, and
you'll get your disks faster!
$10 each for disk #0 thru
#56. $130 for the entire li-
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Send for complete list.
Font Editor Create or modi-
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OS9. Reg $29.95
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5 1/4" Disks Double sided
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Super Sleuth Disassemble
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MEW FASTEST HARD
DISK INTERFACE NOW
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Call for more information!
eFORTH
for RS DOS (Not OS9)
eFORTH is the best, most
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for the CoCo. We just discov-
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EHUL Mmm
Keep up to date on the latest
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How to Order
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after December)
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Telex 646740 - FAX 315/474-8225
315/474-7856
mands are now in memory, they will be
there no matter which directories you
change. This problem does not crop up
for Level II users as often. One of the
reasons Level II has the reputation for
being more friendly than Level I is that
there are more commands loaded into
memory when you boot up.
For a long-term method of keeping
track, build a new start-up file that will
load a few extra, useful commands.
Tandy's Getting Started with OS-9 has
excellent directions for changing
Startup. Another approach is to be
sure that any OS-9 commands on an
OS-9 disk are actually placed in a CMDS
directory, and then copy frequently
used additional commands from the
system disk to the application disk.
Never ever do a chx to anything but
CMDS. The BAS1C09 Level I disk comes
with the commands in the root directory
rather than in a CMDS directory, with the
idea that the user can transfer them to
the CMDS directory of a system disk.
This has caused no end of confusion in
the CoCo world.
BUILD and ECHO
The concept of the build command
is great — you can make files like
Startup that are a collection of com-
mands and messages to yourself to
make life easier. Many of my best
inventions are little one-command files
with very short names, usually one to
three letters, that save typing a long
command line. A file named Red uses
the display command to construct a
large, red overlay window on a full-
screen device window; Erase, also
using the display command, erases
any overlay window, window-by-
window, each time you type it. Using
build in this way leads to a better
understanding of macros as you gain
experience.
There are some traps for the unwary
in using build. If you include any
command that asks the user to enter
information, be sure to redirect that
information from the terminal, as in
setime </term for the Level I "start-
up" file. One of the first things you may
want to build into Startup for Level
I are upper- and lowercase letters. The
command to do that is tmode .1 -upc.
Since spacing is critical, let me present
that a different way: tmode(space)
.l(as in number)(space)-upc.
If you want the screen to print out any
helpful messages during the running of
the file, use the command echo. Once,
with great enthusiasm for what build
can do, I built an entire file of helpful
things to remember from one OS-9
session to another, ran the file and, of
course, got absolutely nothing. I could
list the file and see the information, but
it wouldn't run. It took only a little hair-
pulling to remember that I should have
used echo.
The biggest hassle with build is
making mistakes and trying to correct
them with edi t. If you haven't learned
how to use an editor or word processor
yet, you might go ahead and take the
time to learn edit. When it finally
dawned on me that I could use a famil-
iar OS-9 word processor to build the
files instead of laboring with bui Id and
edit, I cut down on misspent time a
thousandfold. However it is executed,
the idea of putting a collection of
commands into a short file is still a very
useful concept.
Using DSAVE
Putting a collection of commands
into a file is what dsave is all about,
dsave lets you copy all the contents of
a disk to another disk, which may or
may not be formatted with a different
number of tracks. It also lets you copy
the contents of a single directory to
another, or the contents of a directory
and all its subdirectories to a different
place. You would need to use copy for
moving individual files. However, it is
simpler and quicker to use backup
when transferring an entire disk's con-
tents to a similarly formatted one.
The first encounter with dsave oc-
curs frequently after using the conf ig
program to change the number of tracks
on a disk. You get this beautiful capa-
bility of formatting 40 tracks, double-
sided, but your system disk stubbornly
stays at 35, single-sided. 630 vs. 1,440
remains just out of your grasp. But the
answer is simple: dsave -b /d0 /dl !
shell. Put your newly configured 35-
track disk in Drive 0. Type format /dl
r "diskname" and press ENTER. This
formats the disk in Drive 1 the way you
chose in the conf ig program.
After formatting, do a free /dl just
to make sure it has the proper numbers
on the new disk. Then enter the above
command using the following spacing:
dsave (space) -b (space) /d0 (space) /
dl (space) ! (space) shell. As dsave
scrolls down your screen, watch the
construction of the commands that
appear. Get a feel for what is happening.
The -b in the command line makes a
bootfile on the new disk; if you forget
it, you'll have wasted a lot of time
preparing a system disk that doesn't
boot.
The ! is a pipe. Do include all the
pipes when using conf ig to make a new
system if you want to use dsave in this
fashion. It's the easiest way to use
dsave.
Sometimes, however, you want to be
more selective — to transfer only part
of the contents and not the whole
shebang. This is difficult for many
beginners; let's see if it can be made
more comprehensible. First, study the
copy command, because the essence of
dsave is copy. Let's say you have a file
called Letter. to. Tandy in the root
directory of Drive 0 and you want to
copy it to the Drive 1 directory called
COCO. Every once in a while you have
to gather all your scattered files and
organize them into a system, or you will
begin to lose items — and that's a real
time waster.
If Drive 0 is to be the system disk, you
can proceed; but if both disks are data
disks, you will need to do a load copy
before removing the system disk. Type
chd /dl/coco. It seems easier to copy
into rather than out of your working
directory, and this command positions
you in the receiving directory. In our
example, you would type copy /d0/
letter . to. tandy letter . to. tandy.
You need to give the complete pathlist
for the file to be copied, because you are
not in that directory. You need only the
filename — not the pathlist — for the
new file, because you are already in that
location. You can rename the file in the
process simply by substituting the new
name for the second repetition. This
means you can copy a file into the same
directory by renaming it in the process:
copy 820l< /d®/let ter . to. tandy
tandy .junB. 87, for example. The
820k governs the amount of memory
used during the transfer.
The next step is to copy several files
using the build concept. Suppose you
need, as I did, to take several files with
you into different directories so that
your word processor will work cor-
rectly. You could call the program you
are building Word.pr and put it on the
system disk in a directory called UTIL-
ITIES. Here is an example of such a file:
«
t
tmode . 1 -pause
load copy (remark - if needed)
copy #20k /d0/UTILITIES/tspars tspars
copy #20k /dJ?/UTILITIES/t sword t sword
copy #20k /dJJ/UTILITIES/fontctrl fontctrl
copy #20k /dp/UTILITIES/word. icon word. icon
unlink copy
tmode .1 pause
When the occasion arises that you
heed these files in any directory, just
change your working directory into the
one you want using the chd command.
158 THE RAINBOW January 1988
Then type: (space) /d0/utili ties'
uiord.pr. Since this is exactly the file
that dsave builds when you use that
command, you now have done what
that command does. One small step
further gets you into dsave.
When you use dsave, it sets up all the
conditions and commands for you so
you won't have to do much typing.
Remember, dsave will copy the entire
directory you are in and all the direc-
tories underneath it unless you use the
-1 (that's an "el," for level) option,
which limits it to just the level where you
are. You must first do a chd inside the
directory you want to copy, then dsave
'd0 >/d0/copyl. This line presumes
that the directory you want to copy is
on Drive 0. Your working directory
could be anywhere on that Drive 0 disk;
all you need for this pathlist is the drive
number. The > redirects the output to
the file copyl also on Drive 0. When
you get this far, list copyl and you will
see that it follows the same format as the
file Word.pr above.
Beware! Another pitfall is coming. If
copy is already loaded into memory,
you may get an error that may or may
not abort the program. I solved this by
editing out load copy and unlink
copy before running the second part of
dsave. Now, to finish everything up, do
a chd to the drive and directory you
want the files to be in and type (space)
' d0 / directory. name 'copyl just like
you did for Word.pr above. This time
you do need to use the entire pathiist to
do a copyl.
You have additional problems it one
directory is on a data disk in Drive 1 and
the other is also on a data disk, but this
time in Drive 0, and there is no system
disk. You would leave the system disk
in during the first part when dsave is
making the transfer program. After
that, load into memory all of the com-
mands used in the transfer file before
you remove the system disk, and insert
the receiving data disk.
DELDIR and ATTR
If you load deldir into memory to.
take it with you for use in deleting
directories on data disks, you run into
the same kind of problem that you had
with dsave. deldir calls attr to
enable it to make the final deletion of
the directory itself. If attr is not in
memory also, the program will abort
after deleting all the files and before
scrubbing the directory name.
CMDS and Pathlists
Try pressing CTRL-A, which dupli-
cates the previous command to cut
down on typing. If you want to type
copy tt20k /di/saurces/pizza.c
pizza .c followed by copy B20i< /dl'
sources/getput4.c getput4.c, use
CTRL-A to print out the second line.
Backspace to eliminate the two
pizza.cs, and substitute the two get-
pu t4 . cs. If the pathlist is the same and
the command is different, as in list /
dl/sources/oldsources/hel lo . c
followed by chd /dl/sources/old-
sources/hello.c, type (space) chd
and press CTRL-A. You put the space
before chd to give that command the
same number of letters as list. For
Level I you would use clear-a instead
Of CTRL-A.
Familiarity with these commands
makes the OS-9 encounter easy and
rather fun, and tames the programming
dragons into purring house cats.
(Questions or comments may be
directed to the author at 1861 Skiff
Court, Toms River, NJ 08753. Please
enclose an SASE when requesting a
reply.) □
MLBASIC 2.0 - BASIC Compiler
The wait is over. WASATCHWAEE announces the latest version
of MLBASIC designed to allow more compatibility with existing BASIC
programs than ever available before for the Color Computer, This
version also allows full use of the capabilities and memory of the
CoCo 3. Written in machine language, MLBASIC can compile programs as
large as 64K bytes. Standard floating point (9 digit precision),
INTEGER, and String type variables and arrays supported. "MLBASIC is
a fine program for any serious programmer," said David Gerald, in the
December 198? Rainbow.
COMMANDS SUPPORTED:
1. I/O commands
CLOSE CLOADM CSAVEM DIR DRIVE DSKI$ DSKOS FIELD
FILES GET INPUT KILL LSET OPEN PRINT PUT
RSET USING LINEINPUT
2. Program control commands
CALL DEFUSR END
IF t THEN ELSE
3. Functions
ABS ASC ATN
HPOINT 1NSTR INT
PEEK POINT PPOINT
TIMER VAL VARPTR
4. String functions
CHRS INKEY$ LEFTS MIDS MKN$ RIGHTS STR$ STRINGS
EXEC
FOR
NEXT
GOSUB
GOTO
ERROR
ON
RETURN
STOP
USR
COS
CVN
EOF
EXP
FIX
LEN
LOG
LPEEK
LOC
LOF
RND
SGN
SIN
SQR
TAN
5. Graphic/Screen commands
ATTR
HUNE
LINE
PRESET
COLOR
HPAINT
LOCATE
PSET
CLS
H PRINT
PALETTE
RESET
6. Other commands
DATA DIM MOTOR
TRON TROFF TAB
CIRCLE
HRESET
PAINT
SCREEN
POKE
VERIFY
DRAW
HCIRCLE
PCLEAR
SET
HCOLOR
HCLS
PCLS
SOUND
HSCREEN
HSET
PLAY
WIDTH
LPOKE RESTORE READ
HDRAW
JOYSTK
PMODE
REM
Plus many more commands not available with regular BASIC which allow
interfacing with hardware registers and machine longuage programs.
0NLY $ 59* 8
COCO 3 WITH DISK REQUIRED -Add $4.00 Postage.
CHECK or MONEY ORDERS only. No C.O.D. or Bank cards.
Foreign orders use U.S. MONEY ORDERS only.
WASATCHWARE
7350 Nutree Drive
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
Phone (801) 943-1546
P.O. Box 1283 Palatine, IL 60078-1283 (312) 397-2898
1988 - The Year of the Hard Disk!
The CoCo XT hard disk interface from Burke & Burke lets you
connect up to 2 low cost, PC compatible 5 - 1 20 Meg hard drives
to your CoCo. You buy the Western Digital WD10C2-VVX1 or
WD1002-27X (RLL) controller, a case and a drh/e from the PC
dealer of your choice. Just plug them into the CoCo XT, and you
have a 20 Meg OS9 hard disk system for under $450!
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL.
CoCo XT (with anodized housing, 50 page user manual, hard disk back-up utility
and drivers for both OS9 & HYPER-IO} - $69.95. CoCo XT-RTC (includes
real-time clock / calendar with battery backup) - $99.95
NEW!!! XT-ROM Installs in the ROM socket of your CoCo XT hard disk controller.
Boots OS9 from your hard disk - $19.95.
64K COCO OR COCO 3 & MULTI-PAK REQUIRED FOR ALL VERSIONS.
HYPER-I/O REQUIRED FOR USE WITH RS-DOS.
Make Tracks . . .
Got the 35-track floppy disk blues? Burke & Burke's HYPER-I/O program modifies
the RS-DOS BASIC in your CoCo 1, 2, or 3 to provide a "Dynamic Disk Interface" that
works with the CoCo XT hard disk. It also lets you use any mix of single-sided and
double -sided floppy disk drives in your system - even ':hose 72 OK tlopptesl
HYPER-1/O
HYPER-III
(64K, includes 50 page user manual and utilities) - $24.95.
(RAM Disk and Print Spooler for CoCo 3 HYPEFM/O) ~$1 9.95
Directory Assistants
Here are two real time savers for OS9 users. WILD lets you use wild cards with OS9*s
commands. MV rapidly moves files, and even entire directories, from place to place
on your hard or floppy disks. WILD & M V - one disk, two great utilities, only $1 9.95I
m
iMnctviC.-iicil
OS9: Mild asm /dO/arc/* .src o- /dl/abs/raleaae/'* .abs
OS9: rav /dl/aba/release /dl/reloaao
ILLINOIS RESIDENTS PLEASE ADD 7% SALES TAX. COD'S add
$2.00. Shipping (within the USA) $2.00 per CoCo XT; $1 .50 per
disk or ROM. Please allow 2 weeks for delivery (overnight delivery
also available for in-stock items). Telephone orders accepted.
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 159
CoCo 3 OS-9 Level II
KISSable OS-9
Back at the Drawing Board
By Dale L. Puckett
Rainbow Contributing Editor
Last month, we gave you a sneak
preview of KISSDrauPut and
discussed several different ways
to save the drawings we have been
creating. We settled on a method that
used graphic objects stored in a special
data type. Each object became one
element in an array that stored an entire
picture. After you finished drawing
your picture, you stored your entire
picture on a disk with the BASIC09 PUT
statement, "PUT ttFiiePath, Pic-
ture".
Because of the size of the KISS Draw
project, we were unable to publish all of
the details in one month. This month,
we start the new year by providing those
details. You'll find updated listings for
KISSdMenu, KISSDrawFi 1 1, SetUp-
Mouse, WhichTool, DoEvent, and the
routines you need to draw boxes, lines,
circles, ellipses and bars. The heart of
our new approach will be found in the
tutorial that follows the subhead,
"What is a line?" After you have these
new procedures running, you will want
to pack each of them into BASIC09 i-code
modules and then merge them into one
file. After you do this, you will be able
Dale L. Puckett, who is author of The
Official BASIC09 Tour Guide and co-
author, with Peter Dibble, of The
Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9, is a
free-lance writer and programmer. He
serves as director-at-large of the OS-9
Users Group and is a member of the
Computer Press Association. Dale is a
U.S. Coast Guard lieutenant and lives
in Rockville, Maryland.
to load them into your main OS-9
memory — outside your BASIC09 work-
space. This will free memory in your
workspace so you can work with the
new KISSDraw features we hope to
present in future columns.
We start by showing you a method of
saving your work with an OS-9 pipeline
in the procedure Pipel t and discussing
the pros and cons of an approach that
does not lend itself to the job at hand
— saving graphics drawing commands
on the fly — but is quite appropriate for
many other tasks.
Before this month's column is fin-
ished, you'll find out how to pass infor-
mation from one BASIC09 program to
another through a pipeline, and we'll
show you new ways data structures can
make your programs faster and pro-
gramming easier.
Building a Pipeline
Several years ago at a Microware
seminar, Robert Doggett, one of BAS-
lC09's authors, demonstrated how to
create a pipeline from within a BASIC09
program. We wanted to give it a try this
month because we thought it might give
us a handy way to send the drawing
commands put out by gfx2 to the
screen and a disk file at the same time.
It worked, but it didn't work. We wound
up with a file that could redraw our
artwork, but the process slowed down
the program. It also created a large file
because all of the mouse movement and
PUT cursor commands were being re-
corded also. Additionally, because of
the way OS-9 expands its files, we
wound up with extra garbage at the end
of the file that doesn't add any aesthetic
appeal when you reload. We decided to
take a different approach.
We list the procedure Pi pelt here,
however, because we think you will find
it handy in many other BASIC09 pro-
grams you're writing. Pipel t requires
four parameters — two of type byte
and two of type string. The first byte
holds the path number of the pipe it
creates and the second holds the stand-
ard path. The strings hold the name of
the program module you want to pipe
data to and any parameters required by
that program.
We called Pipel t with the lines
shown below. Since essentially all of
KISSDraw's output to the screen takes
place in the procedure DoEvent, we ran
P i pe 1 1 to open up a pipeline to the OS-
9 utility program tee, redirected the
output of our drawing routines to this
pipeline and then ran DoEvent. After
DoEvent draws a bar, box, etc., on the
screen, it returns and we once again
redirect KISSDraw's output to the
screen.
The tee process started by Pipel t
opens up a file named testout to
receive the drawing data. After you exit
KISSDraw, you can redisplay your
artwork by merging the file testout to
the screen by typing merge testout.
When we ran this test, we added a
byte field named Pipe in the KISS-
Draw data type named Stats and
added a byte named QutPut in the data
type named cursor. We also did a
global edit of all gfx2 commands in
KISSDraw so that each command
contained the name of an output path.
160
THE RAINBOW January 1988
For example, Run gf x2 ( "clear" )
became Run gf x2 ( Bu t tonEvent .
Pointer. OutPut, "clear").
We also added the statements shown
in Table 1 at the start of KISSDraw:
File Pipelt away in your bag of
BASIC09 tricks.
If you decide to continue to use gf x2
commands in your version of KISS-
Draw instead of following us into the
wonderful world of graphic objects,
here's an alternative to Pipel t. Rewrite
each of the procedures that output a
graphic object, repeating the line that
outputs the final object twice. We per-
sonally don't like this approach since it
violates the concept of consolidating all
the output from a program in one place.
If you use this approach, the first line
will go to your screen on the standard
output path like it does now. The second
line uses the optional path number. You
will also need to put the second line in
an IF-THEN-ENDI F statement that
sends the output only if the
Event.Status.RecordOn flag is true.
At the same time you set this flag —
probably in a procedure named Save-
Pix — you must also open an output
file and store its path number in
Event-Pointer .OutPut. Here's how
the first and second lines would look:
RUN gfx2( "box", Horiz, Vert)
If Event. Status. RecordDn THEN
RUN gfx2(Event. Painter.
DutPut, "box", Horiz, Vert)
ENDIF
We Call it KISSDrawPut
During the testing we renamed the
KISSDraw procedure and file so we
could keep them separate from all other
versions on our disks. The "Put" comes
from the fact that we now use the
BASIC09 PUT statement rather than the
gf x2 command to display an object on
the screen.
There were several reasons we wanted
to try this approach. First, we guessed
that the program would run much
faster. It did. We were pretty sure it
would make the job of saving our
drawings in a disk file easier and much
faster. We also thought the increased
speed would be impressive when we
were ready to redisplay our work by
loading a picture from disk. We were
right! And finally, we thought it would
allow us to edit objects in our drawings
later. We haven't gotten that far yet, but
we're sure it will.
Much of the increased speed comes
from the fact that when you use the
DIM My Program: STRING [4]
DIM MyParams: STRING [8]
DIM Pipeline: BYTE
DIM StdPath:BYTE
ButtonEvent . Pointer . OutPut : =1
StdPath :=J3
MyProgram:= M tee"
MyParams : =" testout 11
Here is the calling code:
Run Pipelt (Pipeline, StdPath, My Program, MyParams)
ButtonEvent . Status . Pipe : =Pipeline
Run DoEvent (ButtonEvent)
ButtonEvent . Pointer . OutPut : =1
Table 1
Listing 1: Pipelt
PROCEDURE Pipelt
0000 C* Creates a pipe to send output of KISSDraw to a Tee filter
003C
003D TYPE rodent=Vld,Act,ToTm:BYTE; XI: INTEGER; TTTo : BYTE ; TSSt:
INTEGER; CBSA, CBSB , CCtA, CCtB ,TTSA,TTSB ,TLSA, TLSB : BYTE
; X2 , BDX , BDY : INTEGER ; Stat , Res : BYTE; AcX,AcY,WRX, WRY: I
INTEGER
00AE
00AF TYPE stats=event , InVindow, InToolBox, InMenuBar, line, box, circle
f ellipse , bar , arc, fill, text, freehand, RecordOn: BOOLEAN; XXX
, YYY : BYTE ; 222 : STRING [41 ; WWW: STRING [4 0]
010E
010F TYPE cursor=»OutPut , Scale , ScreenType , NoCur , arrow , pencil , cross
, hourglass ,NoIcon,TextBar,Scross , Icon , IconBuff, pattern
,horzline , vertline , slantright , slantlef t ,dots : BYTE
0162
0163 TYPE packet-mouse : rodent ; status : stats ; pointer : cursor
0180
0181 TYPE REgisters=CC,A, B ,DP : BYTE; X,Y,U: INTEGER
01A6
01A7 PARAM Pipeline: BYTE
01AE PARAM StdPath: BYTE ,
01B5 PARAM Module: STRING [4]
01C1 PARAM Params: STRING [8]
01CD DIM Regs:REgisters
01D6 DIM Program: STRING [4]
01E2 DIM Parameter :STRING[8]
01EE DIM SavePath,SysDup,SysFork:BYTE
01FD
01FE Program:=Module+CHR$(13)
02 0A Parameter :=Params+CHR$< 13)
0216 SysFork=$03
021E SysDup=$82
0226 CREATE #Pipeline , "/Pipe" : UPDATE
0236 Regs.A:=StdPath
0242 RUN SysCall(SysDup,Regs)
0251 SavePath:=Regs .A
025C CLOSE #StdPath
0262 Regs.A:=Pipeline
026E RUN SysCall(SysDup,Regs)
02 7D Regs.A-0
0288 Regs.B-0
0293 Regs. X:-ADDR( Program)
02A1 Reg s.Y»LEN( Parameter)
02AE Regs .U:=ADDR( Parameter)
02BC RUN SysCall(SysFork,Regs)
02CB CLOSE #StdPath
02D1 Regs.A:=SavePath
02DD RUN SysCall(SysDup,Regs)
02EC CLOSE #SavePath
January 1 988 THE RAINBOW 1 61
BASIC09 GET and PUT statements, no
conversion of data is needed. An exact
copy of the bytes that make up a data
type in memory are sent to the output
path. It doesn't make any difference
what the data type looks like. Let's look
at the data types in KISSDrauPut. If
you're new to this approach, you may
think it's magic.
What Is a Line?
Let's start with a line. To draw an
object that looks like a line we need a
tool — a pen perhaps. For now, well
assume the line will start where the pen
is resting. It will run to another location
on the screen, which can be defined by
a horizontal and vertical pixel address.
The first thing we need, then, is a data
type definition for this object we call a
line. Since we know that we are going
to want to do the same thing with bars,
boxes and circles, etc., we 11 keep our
definition generic. We defined a data
type named object:
TYPE Dbject=DCode, HorP, VerP:
INTEGER
With BASIC09, after we define a new
data type, we must reserve a place in
memory to store it. We use the DIM
statement to do this. Let's call our new
variable pen. That seems like a good
metaphor since we often draw with a
pen in the real world.
DIM penrobject
We now have a place to store a pen
that we can use to draw a line. To use
it we must define our line and initialize
it in memory. Within OS-9 all of the
drawing primitives are defined by the
escape code, ASCII $1B, followed by an
additional byte. To put a line on the
screen, we must send $1B followed by
$44. In OS-9 speak, that means $1B44
is a line. It may not look like it, but it
is. Let's proceed;
pen. DCode :=$1B44
pen. HorP: =100
pen. VerP:=50
We now have a line stored in a mem-
ory variable named pen waiting to
happen. To make it happen, we must
put it on the screen:
PUT 81, pen
That's all there is to it. Now, what will
we need if we want to redraw that same
line later? It appears that the only thing
162 THE RAINBOW January 1988
Listing 2: KISSdMenu
PROCEDURE KISSdMenu
0000 (* Procedure to draw 'tools' menu bar on screen
0031 TYPE rodent=Vld,Act,ToTm:BYTE; XI : INTEGER; TTTo:BYTE; TSSt:
INTEGER ; CBSA , CBSB , CC tA, CCtB , TTSA , TTSB , TLSA , TLSB : BYTE
; X2 , BDX , BDY : INTEGER ; Stat , Res : BYTE; AcX,AcY,WRX,WRY:
INTEGER
00A2
00A3 TYPE stats-IsEvent , InWindow, InToolBox , InMenuBar , line, box, circle
, ellipse , bar , arc , fill , text , freehand , RecordOn : BOOLEAN
00E2
00E3 TYPE cursor=OutPut , Scale , Scr eenType , NoCur , arrow .pencil , cross
.hourglass .Nolcon , TextBar , Scross , Icon , IconBuf f , pattern
, horz line , vert line , slantright , slantlef t , dots : BYTE
0136
0137 TYPE codes-DArc , DBar , DBox , DCircle , DEllipse , DLine , DPoint , DFill
, DSetPtr , DPutCur , DSetCur , DLogic , DPattem : INTEGER
0172
0173 TYPE object-DCode , HorP, VerP : INTEGER
0186
0187 TYPE orgin=DPSCode,HanX,HanY
0198
0199 TYPE packet-mouse : rodent ; status : stats ; pointer : cursor ; Code
: codes; Pen: object; Handle :orgin
01CE
01CF PARAM Event: packet
01D8
01D9 DIh vert: INTEGER
01E0 RUN gfx2 ("pattern" ,0,0)
01F5 RUN gfx2("logic","off ")
0208
0209 (* We'll draw an outline of the menu bar first
0237
0238 Event , Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DSetPtr
024D Event. Pen. HorP: =10
02 5 B Event. Pen. VerP: -10
0269 PUT #1, Event. Pen
0276
0277 Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DBox
02 8 C Event .Pen. HorP: =40
02 9 A Event. Pen. VerP: =178
02A8 PUT #1, Event. Pen
02B5
02B6 (* Now we need to fill in the individual boxes
02E4 FOR vert-22 TO 178 STEP 12
02F9 Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DSetPtr
030E Event. Pen. HorP: -10
03 1C Event . Pen. VerP: -vert
03 2 B PUT #1, Event. Pen
0338
0339 Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DLine
034E Event. Pen. HorP: -40
03 5C Event .Pen. VerP: -vert
03 6 B PUT #1, Event. Pen
0378 NEXT vert
0383
0384 (* Now we'll add the icons
039E (* First, an Icon that means 'Draw a Line 1
03C8
03C9 Event .Pen. DCode : -Event . Code . DSetPtr
03DE Event. Pen. HorP: -12
03EC Event. Pen. VerP: =20
03FA PUT #1, Event. Pen
0407 Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DLine
041C Event. Pen. HorP: -3 8
042A Event. Pen. VerP: -12
0438 PUT #1, Event. Pen
0445
j7446
j?45E
0473
0481
048F
049C
04B1
045F
04CD
04DA
04DB
04F7
04F8
050D
05 IB
0529
0536
054B
0559
0567
0574
0575
0576
059B
05B0
05BE
05CC
05D9
05EE
05FC
060A
0617
0618
0631
0646
0654
0662
066F
0684
0692
06A0
06AD
06AE
06CB
06F0
06F1
070E
0725
073C
0754
076C
0784
0785
07AB
07C6
07D9
07DF
07E0
0806
0815
08 3 A
085F
0860
087F
0899
08AC
08C1
08D3
08F2
0907
0919
0938
09 4D
095F
0978
098D
099F
09C1
09D6
09 E8
(* Now an Icon for a Box
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DSet Ptr
Event . Pen . HorP : -14
Event . Pen . VerP : -24
PUT #1, Event. Pen
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DBox
Event . Pen . HorP : -3 6
Event . Pen . VerP : -32
PUT #1, Event. Pen
(* A Circle is our next Icon
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event , Code . DSet Ptr
Event . Pen . HorP : -25
Event . Pen . VerP : -40
PUT #1, Event. Pen
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DC ircle
Event . Pen . HorP : -8
Event . Pen . VerP : -0
PUT #1, Event. Pen
(* Now we need an icon for an ellipse
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DSetPtr
Event . Pen . HorP : -25
Event . Pen . VerP : -52
PUT #1, Event. Pen
Event . Pen. DCode: -Event .Code .DEllipse
Event . Pen . HorP : -12
Event . Pen . VerP : -3
PUT #1, Event. Pen
(* Now, an icon for a Bar
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DSetPtr
Event . Pen . HorP : -14
Event . Pen . VerP : -6 1
PUT #1, Event. Pen
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DBar
Event . Pen . HorP : -3 6
Event . Pen . VerP : -6 7
PUT #1, Event. Pen
(* An Icon for an Arc is next
RUN gfx2 ("arc", 25, 76, 7, 4, -14, -8 ,18 ,14)
(* Now we'll fake a spray can
RUN gfx2("box",21,86,29,93)
RUN gfx2("bar",24,84,26,86)
RUN gfx2("line'\26,84,34,82)
RUN gfx2("line", 26, 84,38,84)
RUN gfx2("line",26,84,34,85)
(* We'll let the Letter 'T be an icon
(* to represent typing text
RUN gfx2("curxy B ,3,12)
PRINT "T";
(* For a freehand icon, we'll use two
(* crossed arcs
RUN gf x2 ( "arc" , 20 , 114 , 7 , 4 , -14 , -8 , 18 , 4)
RUN gfx2("arc",30,110,7,4,U,8,-18,-4)
(* Now we'll give you five fill
(* patterns to choose from
(* Large Dots First
RUN gfx2("pattern",204,8)
RUN gfx2("fill",25,125)
(* Followed by horizontal lines
RUN gfx2("pattern",204,3)
RUN gfx2("fill",25,135)
(* Now we'll use vertical lines
RUN gfx2("pattern",204,2)
RUN gfx2("fill", 25,146)
(* and left slanted lines
RUN gfx2( "pattern", 204, 5)
RUN gfx2("fill",25,156)
(* and finally right slanted lines
WIN gfx2( "pattern", 204, 6)
RUN gfx2("fill", 25,172)
(* You must always return to a solid pattern
missing is the starting location. Well
name our new data type orgin. Well
name the memory location where we
store it handle:
TYPE orgin=DPSCode,HanX,HanY:
INTEGER
DIM Handle:orgin
¥
The data field named DPSCode holds
the OS-9 code required to position the
data pointer on your screen, $1B40. The
fields, HanX and HanY store the starting
location of our line. Let's define the
starting point of a new line:
Hand 1 s . DPSCode : =$1B40
Handle. HanX:=0
Handle. HanY:=0
We can now redraw our line with two
lines of code.
PUT ttl, Handle
PUT ttl. Pen
But that's too complicated. Why
don't we design a new data type to hold
the starting location, the pen and the
end point of our line. Since the two lines
above drew a line on the screen when
we ran them, Drawing seemed like a
natural name for our new data type.
Here's what it will look like:
TYPE Drawing=Loc:orgin; tool:
object
We named the field containing the
starting point Lac — short for location
since that is what it contains. Likewise,
we called the field that will hold our pen
a tool. Think of it this way: a pen in
motion — at least in the right hands —
is a tool.
Now that we have defined most of the
objects well be drawing on the screen,
we need a place to store our artwork.
We'll exercise a small bit of artistic
license and call it a Picture. In your
Color Computer it is really an array of
drawing(s).
DIM Picture(100) :Drawing
This statement will reserve 1,200
bytes of memory for a picture made up
of up to 100 individual objects. Now,
here's the magic. What do you think you
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 163
will need to do to display your picture
again? You guessed it — one line will do
it:
PUT HI, Picture
Likewise, you can save that same
picture in a disk file with one statement:
PUT ttPixFiie, Picture
Therein lies the basis for the SaveP i x
and LoadPix modules from last month.
At this point in the KISSDraw evolu-
tion, when you load a picture you have
saved earlier, it is written into the array
named Picture over the top of any
drawings you may have already drawn
d uring the session.
The next step will be to cause the
LoadPix routine to add the new objects
from the file after the last object is
already in the picture. To do this, we will
need to get one drawing at a time from
the file. We can then store it as the next
"drawing" in our new combined "pic-
ture" and put it on the screen. We are
going to need to take this approach
anyway because the data type drawing
cannot hold all of the objects we pres-
ently create with KISSDraw.
We can store bars, boxes, circles,
ellipses and lines. We cannot store arcs,
text, our freehand drawings or a pat-
terned fill. To store these additional
objects permanently, we'll need to
define a new data structure for each.
Then, well place a flag in the DPSCode
byte of the handle to each drawing
object that cannot be completed with
one of the standard tools.
If that flag is set when we get the
drawing out of a picture array or a file,
we'll read an additional field in Handle
that will tell us what to do to draw the
oddball object. We'll put these addi-
tional parts of the picture — objects
defined with nonstandard data types —
?A14
(* before you try to draw again
■
0A33
RUN gfx2 ("pattern", 0,0)
J?A48
0A49
(* Now we 1 11 draw a menu bar across the top of the screen
?A82
(* Initially, we 1 11 only put a 'file 1 menu on it.
J7AB3
0AB4
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DSetPtr
0AC9
Event . Pen . HorP : -0
0AD7
Event . Pen . VerP : -0
0AE5
PUT #1, Event. Pen
0AF2
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DBar
Event . Pen . HorP : -6 3 9
0B16
Event . Pen . VerP : -8
0B24
PUT #1, Event. Pen
0B31
0B32
RUN gfx2("curxy'\10,0)
0B45
RUN gfx2("revon")
0B52
PRINT "File ";
0B5C
RUN gfx2("revoff ")
J2B6A
END
0B6C
Listing 3: KISSDrauFill
PROCEDURE
KISSDrawFill
9m
(* Procedure to fill an area of the
(* screen with a pattern selected
0044
with the blab resolution mouse
0065
rr v *
0066
TYPE rodent-Vld. Act. ToTm: BYTE: XI: INTEGER: TTTo: BYTE: TSSt:
m, ^ m ■ * »4I **m • m . mm. ■ p w m> a m%> m mW *■ T mt mm y mm* ai ■ ™ ■ mm ■ a* mm ^a* ava ^ , a* a* a* ^mw ar mm* a* mm m ma ar aw ^a* m
INTEGER ; CBSA , CBSB , CCtA , CCtB , TTSA , TTSB , TLSA , TLS B : BYTE
; X2.BDX.BDY: INTEGER; Stat , Res : BYTE; AcX,AcY f WRX,WRY:
INTEGER
00D7
00D8
TYPE stats-IsEvent , Intfindow, InToolBox, InMenuBar , line , box, circle
, ellipse , bar , arc , f ill , text , freehand , RecordOn : BOOLEAN
0117
0118
TYPE cursor-OutPut , Scale ,ScreenType ,NoCur , arrow, pencil, cross
, hourglass ,NoIcon, Text Bar , Scross , Icon, IconBuff , pattern
,horzline , vertline , slantright , slantlef t , dots : BYTE
01 6 B
016C
TYPE codes-DArc , DBar , DBox , DCircle , DEllipse , DLine , DPoint , DFill
, DSetPtr , DPutCur , DSetCur , DLogic , DPattem : INTEGER
01A7
01A8
TYPE ob ject-DCode , HorP , VerP : INTEGER
01BB
01BC
TYPE orgin-DPSCode.HanX.HanY
01CD
01CE
TYPE packet-mouse : rodent ; status : stats ; pointer : cursor ; Code
:codes; Perrobject; Handle:orgin
0203
0204
PARAM Event: packet
020D
020E
DIM pointers ,pattemaet: BOOLEAN
COCO 3 OS-9
HARDWARE UPGRADES
The PLUS 100 — The PREMIER 512K
Memory Expansion for the COCO 3.
Brochures and price list available on request.
DISKMASTER Disk Drive Systems
Absolutely Without Equal in the COCO World!
• 20 MB SCSI Hard Drive
• 1 MB High Speed Floppy Drive
• Hardware Real Time Clock with Battery Backup
• 3 Hardware Serial Ports
• Bi-Directional Centronics Compatible Parallel Port
• Sophisticated OS-9 Drivers by D. P. JOHNSON
• RAMDISK options up to 1.5 MB
• Expansion Port for additional Floppy Drives
• Single Cable Interface to COCO 3
• A VERY HIGH PERFORMANCE, 4 Station, Multi-User System
can easily be assembled using a DISKMASTER System.
TMM/HE MPHIL L ELECTRONICS, INC
4480 Shopping Lane
Slml Valley, CA 93063
(805) 581-0885
(Mon. thru Thurs., 1:30 to 4:30 PM Pacific Time)
164 THE RAINBOW January 1988
0219
02 LA
0220
0226
0227
0260
0281
0282
028C
028E
0298
02AA
02B0
02D3
02D7
02DD
0300
0302
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pattemset: -FALSE
po inters : -FALSE
(* First, we must select the pattern we want to fill with
(* This means we must point to it
WHILE NOT (pattemset) DO
REPEAT
RUN getKISSMouse (Event)
IF Event. mouse. AcX<40 THEN
pointers: -TRUE
RUN gf x2 ( "gcset * , Event . pointer . IconBuf f , Event . pointer . arrow
)
ELSE
pointers : -FALSE
RUN gfx2( M gcset M .Event .pointer. IconBuf f, Event. pointer .Nolcon
)
END IF
UNTIL Even t. mouse. CBS AO0 OR Event. mouse. CCtAO0
IF pointers THEN
IF Event. mouse. Ac Y>118 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<130 THEN
RUN gfx2 ("pattern", 204 ,8) \patternset :-TRUE \REM Large Dots
ELSE IF Event .mouse. Ac Y>130 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<142 THEN
RUN gfx2("pattern",204,3) \patternset :-TRUE \REM Horizontal lines
ELSE
IF Event. mouse .Ac Y>1 42 AND Event . mouse .Ac Y<154 THEN
RUN gfx2("pattern",204,2) \patternset :-TRUE \REM Vertical lines
ELSE
IF Event.mouse.AcY>154 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<1 6 6 THEN
RUN gfx2( "pattern" ,204,6) \patternset :-TRUE \REM
Right Slanted Lines
ELSE
IF Event .mouse. Ac Y>1 6 6 THEN
RUN gfx2( "pattern", 204, 5) \patternset:-TRUE \REM
Left Slanted Lines
ELSE
RUN gfx2 ("pattern" ,0,0) \REM make sure pattern is solid
pattemset : -FALSE
END IF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
END WHILE
(* We have the pattern now
(* Let's do actual fill
REPEAT
RUN getKISSHouse (Event)
out to the file immediately after the
main part of the picture. We should still
be able to put all of our artwork in a
file with one line of code. We'll just need
to get it out one drawing at a time. At
least that's the present theory. Hope-
fully, the next brick wall we run into
won't be too strong.
Other News
We have received several care pack-
ages from Steve Goldberg during the
past month. Included was a slick direc-
tory sorting utility. We'll try to get some
more of his work published soon.
Bob Rosen at Spectrum Projects,
P.O. Box 264, Howard Beach, NY
11414, also sent several disks. He's
offering a new RAM disk package for
a 5 12K Color Computer 3. The package
was written by Denny Skala, who has
contributed several programs to this
column during the past several years,
and includes drivers for both Level I
and Level II OS-9.
With Level II you can choose be-
tween device descriptors that give you
64K, 128K, 192Kor256Kof RAMdisk.
It even includes an option that makes
an attempt at recovering the informa-
tion in your RAM disk after a system
crash. That's handy! A Dup utility
supplied with the RAM disk program
is designed to replace the standard
Microware/ Tandy Backup program —
except the two disks do not need to be
formatted identically with Rosen's
package. Dup is provided to give you a
quick way to transfer an entire RAM
disk to a floppy disk and vice versa,
regardless of the format of either. All in
all, it's quite a bargain at $29.95.
Rosen also has a handy Fastdupe
program that can format and back up
your OS-9 Level II disks — up to four
drives at a time — in less than five
minutes. It's good to see companies like
Spectrum supporting OS-9 Level II. □
OS-9™ SOFTWARE/HARDWARE
SDISK— Standard disk driver module allows the full use of 35, 40
or 80 track double sided disk drives with COCO OS-9 plus you
can read/write/format the OS-9 formats used by other OS-9
systems. (Note: you can read 35 or 40 track disks on an 80 track
drive). Now updated for OS-9 ver. 02.00.00 $29.95
SDISK + BOOTFIX— As above plus boot directly from a double
sided diskette $35.95
L1 UTILITY PAK— Contains all programs from Filter Kits Nos. 1
& 2 plus Hacker's Kit #, plus several additional programs, Over
35 utilities including "wild card" file cmds, MacGen command
language, disassembler, disk sector edit and others. Very useful,
many of these you will find yourself using every time you run your
system. These sold separately for over $85. $49.95
SKIO— Hi res screen driver for 24 x 51 display; does key click,
boldface, italics; supports upgraded keyboards and mouse. With
graphics screen dump and other useful programs. Now UPDATED
FOR OS-9 Ver 2.0 $29.95
PC-XFER UTILITIES— Utilities to read/write and format ss MS-
DOStm diskettes on CoCo under OS-9. $45.00 (requires SDISK)
CCRD 512K Byte RAM DISK CARTRIDGE— Requires RS Multipak
interface, two units may be used together for 1MB RAM disk.
Addressing is switch selectable. OS-9 level 1 and 2 driver and test
software included. $169.00
All disk prices are forCoCo OS-9 format; for other formats, specify
and add $2.00 each. Order prepaid or COD, VISA/MC accepted, add
$1.50 S&H for software, $5.00 for CCRD; actual charges added for
COD.
D.P. Johnson, 7655 S.W. Cedarcrest St.
Portland, OR 97223 (503) 244-8152
(For best service call between 9-11 AM Pacific Time)
OS-9 is a trademark of Microware and Motorola Inc.
MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft, inc.
January 1 988 THE RAINBOW 1 65
OS-9
Catch the Wave
(But Read the Manual!)
By Cray Augsburg
Rainbow Technical Editor
Because of the recent emphasis on OS-9
throughout the CoCo Community,
many people have decided to "get their feet
wet." But this decision has often yielded
soggy results.
Beginners become confused and feel quite
overwhelmed by the intellectual "require-
ments" OS-9 places on the user. Most of
these people have used Disk BASIC with their
CoCos for some time and have become
accustomed to the limited system control it
allows. Many CoCoists have been able to
sidestep these limitations and find unique
ways to perform specific tasks. Others just
accept what they see.
Why has the need to learn about OS-9
suddenly become a major force throughout
the Community? The power and flexibility
of OS-9 are often touted to hon OS-9 users.
Wherever you turn you hear that OS-9 is the
wave of the future. People are jumping to
learn all they can for fear of falling behind.
Personally, I feel OS-9 presents a very
important option for Color Computer
owners as well as users of other systems. Call
it a gateway to knowledge, if you will.
However, such knowledge does not come
about without some struggle. We receive
many calls from OS-9 newcomers that bring
this point home daily.
The purpose of this article is to address
some of the problems most frequently
encountered by beginners in their attempts
with OS-9 and to provide clarification to the
new OS-9 user. Notice that I use the word
"clarification." Although I understand OS-
9, I realize the documentation that accom-
panies it sometimes seems vague and is often
difficult to follow. Yet, there is no substitu-
tion for reading the manual. It bothers me
to answer basic questions with, "Here is the
answer, but you could have found it on Page
such-and-such of the manual." Mind you, I
am not saying you shouldn't ask questions.
However, I sometimes feel that people try to
take the easy way out. They avoid the
manual and, therefore, avoid learning the
process by which they can help themselves.
I am not an OS-9 "expert." I am just
someone who has opened his mind to learn-
ing. In some ways, I will always consider
myself a beginner. But I have surmounted
each problem that has stood in my way.
When I learned OS-9, 1 had no one to turn
0536
0555
0578
057C
059F
05A1
05A2
05 C0
05C1
05D6
05EB
9m
060D
0622
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064B
0673
0698
069A
IF Event, mouse. AcX<40 OR Event .mouse .Ac Y<10 THEN
RUN gf x2("gc set " , Event .pointer . IconBuff, Event .pointer . arrow
)
ELSE
RUN gfx2("gcset" , Event .pointer . IconBuf f , Event .pointer . Scross
)
END IF
UNTIL Event .mouse .CBSAO0 AND Event .mouse .AcX>40
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DSetPtr
Event .Fen. HorP: -Event. mouse .AcX
Event . Pen . Ver P : -Event . mous e . Ac Y
PUT #1, Event. Pen
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event , Code . DFill
Event . Pen . HorP : -0
Event . P en . Ver P : -0
PUT #1, Event. Pen
REM We must always reset to solid pattern
RUN gfx2 ("pattern" .Event. pointer .NoCur, Event .point er.NoCur)
END
Listing 4: SetUpMouse
PROCEDURE SetUpMouse
* This procedure uses the program 'SysCall' to
* do a set status call which sets up OS-9 to treat
* the Color Computer Mouse as a high resolution device
* using the right joystick port. Because, this change is
* systemwide, another program using the mouse later would
* also need to know how to use the optional high
* resolution mouse adapter.
0000
002F
0062
0099
00D3
010D
013F
015B
015C
0194
01CA
01F6
01F7
021C
021D
0226
02 2D
022E
0250
0251
025C
0268
0274
0280
0288
0289
0298
0299
029B
029C
* Since this set status call is also used to change the
* key repeat start constant and delay speed, it tells
* OS -9 to leave those parameters unchanged.
TYPE registers-cc,a,b,dp:BYTE; x , y , u : INTEGER
DIM regs : registers
DIM callcode ; BYTE
(* Now set up the mouse parameters
regs .a
regs .b
regs .x
regs.y
-0
«$94
-$0101
-$FFFF
callcode :-$8E
RUN syscalI(callcode,regs)
END
Listing 5: WhichTool
PROCEDURE WhichTool
0000
0024
0040
0041
00B2
00B3
00F2
00F3
(* Procedure to determine which tool
(* artist wants to draw with
TYPE rodent-Vld, Act f ToTm: BYTE; XI -.INTEGER; TTTo : BYTE ; TSSt:
INTEGER ; CBSA , CBSB , CC tA , CC tB , TTSA , TTSB , TLSA , TLSB : BYTE
; X2 , BDX , BDY : INTEGER; Stat , Res : BYTE; AcX,AcY,WRX,WRY:
INTEGER
TYPE stats-IsEvent , InWindow, InToolBox , InMenuBar , line , box, circle
, ellipse , bar , arc , f ill , text , f reehand ,RecordOn : BOOLEAN
TYPE cur sor-OutPut , Scale , Scr e enType , NoCur , arrow , pencil , cros s
166 THE RAINBOW January 1968
FHL Introduces Two New
4
OS9 Computers
r
QT 20xr
The QT20xr is our new high capacity, high speed ser-
ies of 68020 based computers. Housed in a rack mount-
able heavy duty chassis, the QT20xr series is built for
speed. All systems feature the 16 Mhz MC 68020 with
math coprocessor option. DMA on all drives. Expanda-
ble to 14 1/2 Megabytes of RAM and more than 30 us-
ers. All systems include the OS9 Professional Operating
System with the 68020 C compiler, Basic plus backup
and communications packages.
System #1 features;
85 Meg high speed drive
2 1/2 Megabytes of RAM
10 Serial ports (users)
4 Terminals and all cables.
$8,995.00
System #2 features;
280 Meg very high speed drive
Streaming tape backup
14 1/2 Megabytes of RAM
30 Serial ports (users)
20 Terminals and all cables
$28,995.00
The QT 20xr computers are custom made to
order. Write or call for a quote on other config-
urations. Terms prepaid, delivery is 4 to 6
weeks average.
QTOOx
The QTOOx (double oh x) is our new 68000 based
computer. The QTOOx has 8 serial ports (users), 3 par-
allel ports, a 30 megabyte hard disk, a 720K floppy
drive, 1024K RAM, and a real time battery backed clock.
In addition to all this the case will support 4 Half Height
drives and other new boards now available. All of the
above for;
only $29951
Lest we forget, we also include the OS9 Professional
Operating System with umacs screen editor, assembler
and all the utilities. If that's not enough, we also include
the Unix V compatible C compiler and Bas'uA We also in-
clude floppy disk backup and communications software.
You have your choice of 3.5" or 5.25" drives, Other hard
drive sizes are also available, as well as tape backup sys-
tems.
If you've been waiting for the right reason to move up to
OS9/68000 and the MC68000 then this has got to be
it. No other system offers so much for so little. Call to or-
der or for more information TODAY!!!
Frank Hogg Laboratory, Inc.
770 James St, Syracuse, NY 1 3203
Telex 646740 - FAX 31 5/474^8225
315/474-7856
to for answers. I learned how and why OS-
9 does what it does through a lot of head-
scratching and, most of all, from reading the
manual.
OK. Ill get off my soapbox now and look
at some common problems. 1*11 try to cover
only the pertinent aspects of OS-9 as they
relate to the CoCo and the CoCo Commu-
nity. Keep in mind, however, that OS-9 is
available for other computer systems. It was
available for some of these systems before
it was available for the CoCo. We are not
the first people to utilize OS-9, and OS-9 was
not written just for the Color Computer.
OS-9 beginners are often confused about
what OS-9 is, exactly. To set the record
straight, OS-9 is an operating system. It is
not a language. We write programs itf
languages such as assembly, basic and (J.
We do not write programs in OS-9.
In general, OS-9 is a group of programs
that allow us to communicate with the
CoCo. These programs, which perform
many other tasks, also allow the CoCo to
communicate with its peripherals (disk
drives, printers, etc.) in an effort to make our
communication with the system easier and
more productive and enjoyable. We can
write programs in many computer languages
while in this OS-9 environment, and compile
and execute tnem there. But it is important
to understand that OS-9 is the environment,
not the language or compiler.
There is still some confusion about which
version / level of OS-9 works on which
CoCo. OS-9 is available for the CoCo in two
different levels. Level I was the first level
available for the CoCo Community, It was
designed to run on the CoCo 1 and CoCo
2* OS-9 Level II was designed to. operate on
the CoCo 3, and to take advantage of its
enhanced abilities. The major differences
between Level I and Level II are windows
and memory management.
OS-9 Level I has limited graphics support
and does not include built-in windows. Level
I is also designed for a computer system
containing only 64K of addressable RAM.
Level II includes enhanced support for
graphics. It also allows the creation of
windows, which enables the user to set up
several "mini-terminals," each running a
different task, all on the same screen.
Finally, Level II on the CoCo 3 supports
512K memory. This is accomplished via
software/ hardware "trickery" and is not
really all that complicated. While it may be
wise to have some understanding of this
process, it is not something the user must
constantly be aware of;
It is possible to use OS-9 Level I on the
CoCo 3. However, the only version that will
directly boot on the CoCo 3 is Version
2.00.00. This version of Level I is available
through Radio Shack Computer Centers as
an upgrade to the OS-9 package and costs
$24.95. It does not offer the windowing
environment and will not support anything
more than 64K of RAM in your CoCo 3^
The aspect of OS-9 (levels I and II) that
seems to trip up beginners most often is
directory structure. OS-9 uses what is
1 68 THE RAINBOW January 1 988
0146
0147
0182
0183
0196
0197
01AA
01AB
01E0
01E1
01EA
01EB
020A
0217
0219
021D
022A
022C
022D
024C
0259
025B
025F
026C
026E
026F
028E
029B
029D
02A1
02A3
02A4
02C3
02D0
02D2
02D6
02E3
02E5
02E6
0305
0312
0314
0318
0325
0327
0328
0347
0354
0356
035A
0367
0369
036A
0389
0396
0398
039C
03A9
03AB
03AC
03CB
03D8
03DA
03DE
03EB
03ED
03EE
040D
041A
041C
0420
042D
042F
0431
, hourglass ,NoIcon,TextBar , Scross , Icon, IconBuff , pattern
,horzline , vert line , slantright , slantlef t , dots : BYTE
TYPE codes-DArc,DBar,DBox,DCircle,DEllipse,BLine .BPoint ,DFill
, DSetPtr , DPutCur , DSetCur , DLogic , DPattern : INTEGER
TYPE ob ject-DCode , Hor P , VerP : INTEGER
TYPE orgin-DPSCode ,HanX,HanY: INTEGER
TYPE packet-mouse : rodent; status: stats; pointer : cursor ; Code
: codes; Pen: object; Handle: org in
PARAM Event: packet
IF Event, mouse. Ac Y>10 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<2 2 THEN
Event , status . line : -TRUE
END
ELSE
Event . s tatus . 1 ine : -FALSE
ENDIF
IF Event, mouse .AcY>22 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<3 4 THEN
Event . status . box : -TRUE
END
ELSE
Event , status . box : -FALSE
ENDIF
IF Even t. mouse. Ac Y>3 4 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<4 6 THEN
Event . status . circle : -TRUE •
END
ELSE
ENDIF
IF Event, mouse. Ac Y>4 6 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<5 8 THEN
Event . status . ellipse : -TRUE
END
ELSE
Event . status . ellipse : -FALSE
ENDIF
IF Event .mouse, Ac Y>5 8 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<70 THEN
Event . status . bar : -TRUE
END
ELSE
Event . status . bar : -FALSE
ENDIF
IF Event .mouse. AcY>70 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<8 2 THEN
Event . status . arc : -TRUE
END
ELSE
Event . s tatus . ar c : -FALSE
ENDIF
IF Event .mouse. Ac Y>8 2 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<9 4 THEN
Event . status . fill : -TRUE
END
ELSE
Event . status .fill : -FALSE
ENDIF
IF Event .mouse. Ac Y>9 4 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<10 6 THEN
Event . status . text : -TRUE
END
ELSE
Event . status . text : -FALSE
ENDIF
IF Event. mouse. Ac Y>106 AND Event .mouse .Ac Y<1 18 THEN
Event . status . freehand : -TRUE
END
ELSE
Event . status . freehand : -FALSE
ENDIF
END
Listing 6: DoEvent
PROCEDURE DoEvent
0000 C* Procedure that runs the proper tool program
002E
002F TYPE rodent-Vld, Act, ToTm: BYTE; XI: INTEGER; TTTo : BYTE ; TSSt:
INTEGER ; CBSA , CBSB , CCtA , CCtB , TTSA , TTSB f TLSA , TLSB : BYTE
; X2 , BDX , BDY : INTEGER ; Stat , Res : BYTE ; AcX.AcY, WRX,WRY:
INTEGER
00A0
00A1 TYPE stat s=Is Event , InWindov, InToolBox, InMenuBar , line , box, circle
, ellipse , bar , arc , fill , text , freehand ,RecordOn : BOOLEAN
00E0
00E1 TYPE cursor-OutPut, Scale, ScreenType ,NoCur, arrow, pencil , cross
, hourglass , Nolcon , TextBar , Scros s , Icon , IconBuf f , pattern
,horzline , vertline , slantright , slantlef t , dots : BYTE
0134
0135 TYPE codes~DArc , DBar , DBox , DCircle , DE11 ipse , DLine , DPoint , DFill
, DSetPtr , DPutCur , DSetCur , DLogic , DPattem : INTEGER
0170
0171 TYPE ob j ect^DCode , HorP , VerP : INTEGER
0184
0185 TYPE orgin-DPSCode,HanX,HanY:INTEGER
0198
0199 TYPE packet =raouse: rodent; status : stats ; pointer : cursor ; Code
: codes; Pen: object; Handle :orgin
01CE
01CF PARAM Event: packet
01D8
01D9 IF Event. status. line THEN
01E8 RUN KISSdrawLine (Event)
01F2 Event. status. line: -FALSE
01FF GOTO 100
0203 ENDIF
0205
0206 IF Event. status .box THEN
0215 RUN KISSDrawbox(Event)
02 IF Event , status. box: -FALSE
022C GOTO 100
0230 ENDIF
0232
0233 IF Event. status. circle THEN
0242 RUN KISSDrawCircle(Event)
024C Event, status, circle :=>FALSE
0259 GOTO 100
025D ENDIF
025F
0260 IF Event. status .ellipse THEN
026F RUN KISSDrawEllipse (Event)
0279 Event. status. ell ipse: -FALSE
0286 GOTO 100
028A ENDIF
028C
028D IF Event. status .bar THEN
029C RUN KISSDrawBar(Event)
02A6 Event. status. bar: -FALSE
02B3 GOTO 100
02B7 ENDIF
02B9
02BA IF Event .status .arc THEN
02C9 RUN KISSDrawArc (Event)
02D3 Event . status. arc: -FALSE
02E0 GOTO 100
02E4 ENDIF
02E6
02E7 IF Event. status. fill THEN
02F6 RUN KISSDrawFill(Event)
0300 Event. status .fill: -FALSE
03JJD GOTO 100
0311 ENDIF
0313
referred to as a hierarchical directory struc-
ture. As many of you are aware, this type
of structure resembles a tree that has been
turned upside down. The root (main direc-
tory) is at the top and the many branches
(subdirectories and files) are below it.
Aside from the use of shortcuts, which will
take a little time to learn, you must use what
is called a pathlist to access any given file in
the structure. A full pathlist indicates the
device on which the file is located. In most
cases, this means, "What drive holds the disk
on which the file resides?" The answer to this
will usually be /dO or /dl. Following the
device will be a complete list of all directories
you must go through in order to reach the
file. Finally, the pathlist includes the name
of the actual file.
One way to visualize the pathlist in terms
of the tree is to imagine yourself "climbing"
the upside-down tree from top to bottom.
You start at the root (in nearly every case,
the root directory is the same as the device)
and include every branch you must grab
onto in order to reach the file in question.
All of the directory names and filenames in
the pathlist must be separated with slashes.
Also, the pathlist cannot contain any spaces.
If it does, OS-9 will interpret the pathlist
incorrectly and the attempt will result in an
error.
I am not going to give an example of the
hierarchical directory structure concept. I
feel the manual contains more than enough
examples. I will give you an example of a
generic pathlist and point out its major
components, though.
subdirectories
/dl'5UBDIRl/5UBDIR2/myflle
root directory file in
or device question
One of the most difficult things for expe-
rienced users of Disk Basic to get used to
is that entering dir under OS-9 yields only
the files and subdirectories in the current
directory, and not a listing of the entire disk.
Each of the subdirectories within your
current directory may contain several files.
So, what you are really seeing when you
enter dir may be only the tip of the iceberg
as far as seeing the number of files that
actually reside on the disk.
To find out what files are in a subdirectory
of your current directory, you can simply
type dir, followed by a space, followed by
a pathlist which ends in the name of the
subdirectory in question. Note that you
must include a space between a command
and a pathlist. In the above example, we
could get a directory of the contents of the
subdirectory 5UBDIR2 by entering:
dir /dl/5UBDIRl/SUBDIR2
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 169
J#t§ v^sume you have OS-9 up and
running and you want to see what's in the
SOURCE subdirectory on this month's RAIN-
BOW on DISK. You pull the OS*9 System
Master backup out of Drive 0, pop in
RAINBOW ON DISK &Ild ^nter 'til:F.; : ;'*X$/
SOURCE. After a few seconds of drive sounds
you are greeted with the ever-present Error
216. You run to the manual and discover that
Error 216 (get used to it because you'll be
seeing quite a few of these) translates to
"Pathname not found." You immediately
say, "But I typed in the correct pathlist!"
Then you assume rainbow must somehow
have forgotten to put the SOURCE subdirec-
tory on the disk.
What the error message is really telling
you is one of two things; 1) OS-9 couldn't
find the di r command; or 2) OS-9 couldn't
find any one of the components in the
pathlist. Either of these possibilities could be
caused by a typographical error. They could
also be caused by one of the items (command
or pathlist component) not actually being
there.
I will venture a wild guess. If your typing
was absolutely correct, and all spaces and
slashes were included, chances are OS-9
couldnt find the original command — in
this case, dir. Chances are pretty good that
you are using OS-9 Level I, as well. Before
OS-9 can execute a command, it looks to see
if that command has been loaded into
memory. If OS-9 can locate the command in
memory, it will be executed. If the command
isn't in memory, OS-9 will try to load it and
execute it from the current execution direc-
tory. If the system cannot find the command
in the execution directory, one last attempt
will be made. OS-9 will try to load and
execute the command from the current data
directory. If all of these attempts fail and OS-
9 can't locate the command you entered, the
system will report an Error 216.
Unless you loaded the dir command into
memory from disk before you replaced your
system disk with RAtNBow ON DISK, you will
get Error 216. What has happened is that
OS-9 went looking on rainbow ON DISK for
the dir command. I guarantee you OS-9
wont ever find it there. Level II users won't
have this problem with the dir command,
since Level II loads several commands into
memory when you first boot it. However,
keep this in mind, as it can occur with any
command.
That's all I have room for this month, but
I want to leave you with a few challenges
before I go. Learn all you can about OS-9's
directory structure, what the chd and chx
commands are for, and discover how to use
the two commands to your advantage. You
might want to look into what is meant by
current execution directory and current data
directory. Discover the differences between
them. If you take the time and learn to learn,
you will quickly go beyond all those nasty
errors and begin to see the true power of the
system. And you can say you taught your-
self.
1 70 THE RAINBOW January 1988
0314
IF Event . status . text THEN
0323
RUN KISSHandleTevt fEventl
032D
Event status text • »FAT.SE
yi J J A
(idTCi i eta
CSSU±c
ir fivent status . ireenana itiCiW
IVULl fk^OOr 1 CCllaUU^CiVCllL- ^
y> J J n.
Pvont 1 cfflfnc -fro aVian/^ 1 wTAT QTT *
LVellt ■ iLttLUi i i. IT C tUldllQ ■ "TnLoEi
ft J w f
JDJ07
V ifpri f- ef afiie T eFvpnf • nFAT 9F
037A
Fvpnf Qt*atit^ TnTnnl Rnv * aT"AT ^ F
|3387
Event . status . InMenuBar : -FALSE
&XUJ
0396
0397
Listing 7: KISSDrauBox
PROCEDURE
KISSDrawBox
JM
WW
(* Program to draw a box at location pointed
002C
(* to by high resolution mouse.
004B
004C
TYPE rodent=Vld, Act ,ToTm: BYTE; XI: INTEGER; TTTo:BYTE; TSSt:
INTEGER; CBS A, CBSB , CCtA, CCtB , TTSA, TTSB , TLSA , TLSB : BYTE
; X2 , BDX, BDY : INTEGER; Stat , Res : BYTE ; AcX, AcY,WRX,WRY:
INTEGER
00BD
00BE
TYPE stats«IsEvent, InWindow, InToolBox, InMenuBar, line ,box t circle
, ellipse , bar , arc , f ill , text , f reehand ,RecordOn: BOOLEAN
00FD
00FE
TYPE cursor-OutPut .Scale , ScreenType ,NoCur , arrow , pencil , cross
, hourglass , Nolcon , TextBar , Scross , Icon , IconBuff , pattern
,horzline, vert line , slantiright, slant lef t , dots : BYTE
0151
0152
TYPE codes-DArc , DBar , DBox , DCircle , DEllipse , DLine , DPoint , DFill
, DSetPtr , DPutCur , DSetCur t DLogic , DPattern : INTEGER
018D
018E
TYPE ob ject-D Code ,HorP,VerP: INTEGER
01A1
01A2
TYPE orgin-DPS Code, HanX.HanY: INTEGER
01B5
01B6
TYPE packet-mouse : rodent ; status : stats ; pointer : cursor ; Code
: codes; Pen: object; Handle : org in
01EB
01EC
PARAM Event: packet
0Lr D
01F6
DIM StartX, StartY, CurrX, CurrY : INTEGER
0209
020A
(* Enable XOR logic
021E
021F
RUN gfx2(' , logic" > "xor»)
0232
0233
REPEAT
0235
RUN getKISSmouse (Event)
023F
UNTIL Even t. mouse. CBS AO0 AND Event . mous e . AcX>40
025D
025E
S tartX : -Event . mous e . BDX
026C
StartY : -Event , mouse . BDY
027A
CurrX: -StartX
0282
CurrY: -StartY
028A
028B
Event . Handle . HanX : -StartX
029A
Event . Handle . HanY : -StartY
02A9
PUT #1, Event. Handle
02B6
02B7
WHILE Event .mouse . CBSAO0 DO
02C9
RUN getKISSmouse (Event)
02D3
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DBox
02E8
IF CurrXoEvent. mouse. AcX OR CurrYOE vent .mouse .Ac Y THEN
0309
03 0A REM If box has changed erase the old one by drawing over it
0344 Event. Pen. HorP:-CurrX \Event .Pen. VerP: -CurrY
0362 PUT #1, Event. Pen
03 6F
0370 REM Save location of new box
03 8 B Cur rX : =»Event. mouse. AcX
0399 CurrY: -Event. mouse. Ac Y
03A7
03 A8 ' REM And put it on the screen
03 C4 Event. Pen. HorP: -CurrX \Event .Pen. VerP: -CurrY
03E2 PUT #1, Event. Pen
03EF ENDIF
03F1 ENDWHILE
03F5
03F6 RUN gfx2("logic'\"off w )
0409 PUT #1, Event. Pen
0416 END
0418
0419
Listing 8: KISSDrauLine
PROCEDURE KISSdrawline
0000 (* Program to draw a line at location pointed
002D (* to by high resolution mouse.
'004C
004D TYPE rodent-Vld, Act ,ToTm: BYTE; XI: INTEGER; TTTo : BYTE ; TSSt:
INTEGER ; CBSA , CBSB , CC tA , CCtB , TTSA , TTSB , TLSA , TLSB : BYTE
; X2,BDX,BDY: INTEGER; Stat , Res : BYTE; AcX, AcY,WRX,WRY:
INTEGER
00BE
00BF TYPE stats-IsEvent , InWindow, InToolBox, InMenuBar , line , box, circle
, ellipse , bar , arc , f ill , text , freehand, RecordOn: BOOLEAN
00FE
00FF TYPE cursor-OutPut , Scale , ScreenType , NoCur , arrow , pencil , cross
.hourglass , Nolcon , TextBar f Scross , Icon , IconBuf f , pattern
.horzline , vert line , slantright , slant left , dots : BYTE
0152
0153 TYPE codes-DArc , DBar , DBox , DCircle , DEllipse , DLine , DPoint , DFill
, DSetPtr , DPutCur , DSetCur , DLogic , DPattern : INTEGER
018E
018F TYPE ob j ect-DCode , HorP t VerP : INTEGER
01A2
01A3 TYPE or gin-DPSCode ,HanX,HanY: INTEGER
01B6
01B7 TYPE packet-mouse: rodent; status : stats ; pointer : cursor ; Code
: codes; Pen: object; Handle :orgin
01EC
01ED PARAM Event: packet
01F6
01F7 DIM S tar tX , S tartY , CurrX , CurrY : INTEGER
020A
020B RUN gfx2<"logic'Vxor")
021E
021F REPEAT
0221 RUN getKISSmouse (Event)
022B UNTIL Event, mouse. CBSAO0 AND Event .mouse .AcX>40
0249
02 4A Event . Handle . HanX : -Event . mouse . BDX
025F Event . Handle . HanY : -Event . mouse . BDY
0274 PUT #1, Event. Handle
0281
028 2 CurrX : -Event . mous e . AcX
02 90 CurrY : -Event . mous e . AcY
029E
02 9F WHILE Event. mouse. CBS AO0 DO
02 Bl RUN getKISSmouse (Event)
02BB Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DLine
02D0 IF Cur rXo Event. mouse. AcX OR CurrYoEvent .mouse. AcY THEN
02F1
Modification . . .
Solitaire Upgrade —
Automatic Finish
By Tudor Jones
In reference to "The Solitary En-
deavor" (December 1986, Page 76),
please find a revision to Line 280 of
the program listing, and additional
lines 282, 285 and 288, and 1260 to
1390.
280 IF DECK(1)>0THEN288
282 N=0:FORI=40TO262STEP37:IF PP
OINT(I,43)«0THEN 1=262 :N=1
285 NEXT: IF N=0THEN1260
28 8 XC=165:YC=1:GOSUB130:IF STAC
K ( 1 ) -HSTACK ( 2 ) +STACK ( 3 ) + STACK ( 4 ) «
52THEN300ELSE XC*=166 : YC=»15 :GOSUB
110
1260 XC=165:YC=0:GOSUB130:FORF«1
TO7:I«20
1270 IF COL(F,I)=0THEN 1=1-1 ELS
E P(F)»I:GOTO1290
1280 IF I>0THEN1270
1290 NEXT
1300 IF STACK(1)+STACK(2)+STACK(
3 ) + STACK ( 4 ) »52THEN300
1310 IF INKEY$ S ="Q"THEN10
1320 FOR F*»1T07.:I=*P(F) : IF I-0THE
N1390
1330 CARD»COL(F,I) : N-CARD : GOSUB7
0:IF RANKOSTACK(SUIT)+1THEN1390
1340 XC=»F*37-36:YC»YC(F) :GOSUB13
0
1350 COL(F,I)»0:IF YC (F) >45THEN
YC(F)=YC(F)-9
1360 IF COL(F,I)=0THEN YC=45:GOS
UB130IGOTO1380
1370 CARD=COL(F,I-l) :GOSUB70:YC»
YC (F) :GOSUB140 : P (F) »P(F) -1
1380 CARDAN :GOSUB70: STACK (SUIT) «
STACK ( SUIT ) + 1 : XC-SUIT* 38-24: YC»0
: GOSUB130 : GOSUB140
1390 NEXT:GOTO1300
When all the cards at the top of
columns 2 to 7 have been exposed,
and no cards remain in the deck, this
added routine automatically scans
all seven columns in turn, moving the
eligible cards to the top stacks until
all the columns are empty.
Be careful when typing in these
extra lines. After all, you are not
going to get too many chances to
correct them! Also, do not renumber
the program after keying in these
additions.
Many thanks to Mr. Vincent John-
son, of St, Paul, Minnesota, for
suggesting this enhancement.
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 171
Submitting
Material
To Rainbow
Contributions to the rainbow
are welcome from everyone. We
like to run a variety of programs
that are useful/helpful/fun for
other CoCo owners.
WHAT TO WRITE: We are inter-
ested in what you may wish to tell
our readers. We accept for consid-
eration anything that is well-
written and has a practical appli-
cation for the Tandy Color Com-
puter. If it interests you, it will
probably interest lots of others.
However, we vastly prefer articles
with accompanying programs
which can be entered and run. The
more unique the idea, the more the
appeal. We have a continuing need
for short articles with short list-
ings. These are especially appeal-
ing to our many beginners.
FORMAT: Program submis-
sions must be on tape or disk, and
it is best to make several saves, at
least one of them in ASCII format.
We're sorry, but we do not have
time to key in programs and debug
our typing errors. All programs
should be supported by some ed-
itorial commentary explaining
how the program works. We also
prefer that editorial copy be in-
cluded on the tape or disk using
any of the word processors cur-
rently available for the Color Com-
puter. Also, please include a
double-spaced printout of your
editorial material and program
listing. Do not send text in all
capital letters; use upper- and
lowercase.
COMPENSATION: We do pay
for submissions, based on a
number of criteria. Those wishing
renumeration should so state
when making submissions.
For the benefit of those who
wish more detailed information on
making submissions, please send
a self-addressed, stamped enve-
lope (SASE) to: Submission
Guidelines, the rainbow, The Fal-
soft Building, P.O. Box 385, Pros-
pect, KY 40059. We will send you
comprehensive guidelines.
Please do not submit material
currently submitted to another
publication.
02F2
0316
0334
0341
0342
0362
037E
037F
03A0
03BE
03CB
03CD
03D1
03E4
03F1
REM Erase old line by drawing over it
Event , Pen . Hor P : -CurrX \Event . Pen . VerP : -CurrY
PUT #1, Event. Pen
REM Save position of current line
CurrX : -Event , mous e . AcX \Cur rY : -Event . mous e . Ac Y
REM And, draw line in new position
Event . Pen . HorP : -CurrX \Event . Pen . VerP : -CurrY '
PUT #1, Event. Pen
END IF
END WHILE
RUN gfx2("logic , \"off")
PUT #1, Event. Pen
END
Listing 9: KISSDrawCircle
PROCEDURE KISSDrawCircle
0000
002F
004E
004F
P0C0
00C1
0100
0101
0154
0155
0190
0191
01A4
01A5
01B8
01B9
01EE
01EF
01F8
01F9
020C
020D
0226
0257
0258
026B
026C
026E
0278
0296
0297
02A5
02B3
02C1
02CF
02D0
0307
0325
0332
0333
0345
034F
0364
(* Program to draw a circle at location pointed
(* to by high resolution mouse.
TYPE roden t-Vld, Act, ToTm: BYTE; XI: INTEGER; TTTo : BYTE ; TSSt:
INTEGER ; CBSA , CBSB , CCtA , CCtB , TTSA , TTSB , TLSA , TLSB : BYTE
; X2,BDX,BDY: INTEGER; Stat, Res: BYTE; AcX , AcY , WRX , WRY :
INTEGER
TYPE stats-Is Event , InWindow , InToolBox, InMenuBar , line , box .circle
, ellipse , bar , arc , f ill , text , freehand , RecordOn : BOOLEAN
>
TYPE cursor-OutPut , Scale , ScreenType , NoCur , arrow , pencil , cross
.hourglass ,NoIcon,TextBar,Scross, Icon, IconBuff, pattern
.horzline , vertline , slantright , slantlef t , dots : BYTE
TYPE codes-DArc , DBar , DBox ,DCircle , DEllipse , DLine , DPoint , DFill
, DSetPtr , DPutCur , DSetCur , DLogic , DPattern : INTEGER
TYPE ob j ect-DCode , Hor P , VerP : INTEGER
TYPE orgin-DPSCode , HanX , HanY : INTEGER
TYPE packet-mouse : rodent ; status : stats ; pointer : cursor; Code
:codes; Pen:object; Handle:orgin
PARAM Event: packet
DIM StartX, StartY , CurrX, CurrY : INTEGER
(* Enable XOR logic, then
(* let cursor follow mouse until button is pushed
RUN gfx2("logic", n xor")
REPEAT
RUN getKISSmouse (Event)
UNTIL Event, mouse. CBSAO0 AND Event .mouse ,AcX>40
StartX: -Event .mouse . BDX
StartY : -Event . mouse . BDY
CurrX : -Event . mous e . AcX
CurrY : -Event . mouse . AcY
REM Create Handle and Set Data Pointer at mouse position
Event . Handle . HanX : -S tar tX \Event . Handle . HanY : -StartY
PUT #1, Event. Handle
WHILE Event. mouse. CBSAO0 DO
RUN getKISSmouse (Event)
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DCircle
Event . Pen . VerP : -0
1 72 THE RAINBOW January 1 988
0372 IF Cur rXO Event, mouse. AcX OR CurrYO Event .mouse .AcY THEN
0393
0394 REM Erase previous circle by drawing over it
03BF Event . Pen ♦ HorP : -ABS (CurrX- Star tX)
03D3 PUT #1, Event. Pen
03E0
03E1 REM save current circle position
0400 Cur rX : "Event . mous e . AcX
040E CurrY : -Event . mous e . AcY
041C
041D REM draw new circle
042F Event . Pen . HorP : -ABS ( Cur rX- S t artX)
0443 PUT #1, Event. Pen
0450 END IF
0452 END WHILE
0456
0457 RUN gfx2("logic , ^ ,, off ,, )
046 A Event . Pen . HorP : -ABS ( CurrX- Star tX)
047E PUT #1, Event. Pen
048B END
Listing 10: KISSDrauiEllipse
PROCEDURE KISSDrawEllipse
0000 (* Program which allows more natural drawing »of ellipse
0037
0038 TYPE rodent-Vld, Act, ToTm: BYTE; XI: INTEGER; TTTo : BYTE ; TSSt:
INTEGER ; CBSA , CBSB , CC t A , CC tB , TTSA , TTSB , TLSA , TLSB : BYTE
; X2,BDX,BDY: INTEGER; Stat , Res : BYTE ; AcX, AcY,WRX f WRY:
INTEGER
00A9
00AA TYPE stats^IsEvent , InWindow, InToolBox, InMenuBar , line, box, circle
.ellipse , bar , arc , fill , text , freehand,RecordOn: BOOLEAN
00E9
00EA TYPE cursor=OutPut , Scale , ScreenType ,NoCur , arrow, pencil, cross
, hourglass ,NoIcon,TextBar , Scross , Icon, IconBuff, pattern
,horzline,vertline , slantright , slant left , dots : BYTE
013D
013E TYPE codes-DArc , DBar , DBox , DCircle , DEI 1 ipse ,DLine ,DPoint , DFill
, DSetPtr , DPutCur , DSetCur , DLogic , DPattera : INTEGER
0179
017A TYPE object-DCode, HorP, VerP: INTEGER
018D
018E TYPE orgin-DPSCode , HanX , HanY : INTEGER
01A1
01A2 TYPE packet-mouse : rodent ; status: stats ; pointer : cursor ; Code
: codes; Pen: object; Handle :orgin
01D7
01D8 PARAM Event: packet
01E1
01E2 DIM StartX.StartY, CurrX, CurrY: INTEGER
01F5
01F6 (* Enable XOR logic, then
020F (* let cursor follow mouse until button is pushed
0240
0241 RUN gfx2("logic H ,"xor H )
0254
0255 REPEAT
0257 RUN getKISSmouse (Event)
0261 UNTIL Event . mouse . CBSAO0 AND Event . mouse .AcX>40
027F
0280 S tartX : -Event .mouse. BDX
02 8 E Star tY: -Event. mouse. BDY
02 9 C CurrX : -S tar tX
02A4 CurrY :-StartY
02AC
02 AD REM Create Handle and set data pointer position
02DB Event. Handle. HanX: -St a rtX
02EA Event .Handle .HanY: -StartY
02F9 PUT #1, Event. Handle
0306
About
The One-Liner
Contest . .
the rainbow's One-Liner
Contest has now been ex-
panded to include programs
of either one or two lines.
This means a new dimen-
sion and new opportunity
for those who have "really
neat" programs that simply
just won't fit in one line.
Here are the guidelines:
The program must work in
Extended basic, have only
one or two line numbers and
be entirely self-contained —
no loading other programs,
no calling ROM routines, no
poked-in machine language
code. The program has to
run when typed in directly
(since that's how our read-
ers will use it). Make sure
your line, or lines, aren't
packed so tightly that the
program won't list com-
pletely. Finally, any instruc-
tions needed should be very
short.
Send your entry (prefera-
bly on cassette or disk) to:
THE RAINBOW
One-Liner Contest
P.O. Box 385
Prospect, KY 40059
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 173
Simple Solutions
By David W. Ostler
Here is a possible answer to the
exercise presented in "Basic for
Beginners, Lesson II" on Page 36.
The listing: SOLUTION
10 CLS:SOUND200, 2: PRINT: PRINT" EN
TER YOUR NAME: ":INPUTA$
15 SOUND200, 2: PRINT" ENTER YOUR A
DDRESS:":INPUTB$
20 SOUND200, 2: PRINT" ENTER YOUR C
ITY M :INPUTC1S
25 S0UND2 00, 2: PRINT "ENTER YOUR S
TATE:":INPUTC2$
30 SOUND200, 2 : PRINT" ENTER YOUR Z
IP:":INPUTC3$
40 SOUND200,2:PRINT"ENTER YOUR T
ELEPHONE NUMBER: » :INPUTD$
50 CLS4 : PRINT@230 , "WORKING. . " ;
55 SOUND200,2:PRINT@239, M . ; :SO
UND100 , 5 : PRINT62 4 1 ,".."; : SOUND2 0
0,2:SOUND100,5:PRINT@243,". ."; :S
OUND200 , 2 : PRINTS 245,"..";: SOUND1
00,5:PRINT@247, . M ; : SOUND200, 2 :
PRINT@249,". ; :SOUND100,5
60 FORX=1TO500STEP1:NEXT
70 CLS : PRINT :PRI NT "1. YOUR NAME:
"••PRINT" ";A$;PRINT"2. YOUR AD
DRESS : 11 : PRINT" " ;B$ : PRINT"3 . Y
OUR CITY, ST, ZIP: " : PRINT" ";C
1$?", ";C2$;", ";C3$:PRINT"4. YO
U PH. NO:": PRINT" M ;D$
90 PRINT: PRINT" IS ALL DATA CORR
ECT (Y/N) ?"
100 H$=INKEY$ : IFH$«= M "THEN100ELSE
IFH$ BS "Y"THEN110ELSEIFH$="N"THEN1
0ELSE100
110 CLS: PRINT: PRINT" CHOOSE
YOUR SELECTON"
120 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT" 1.
YOUR NAME:": PRINT" 2. YOUR ADDRE
SS:": PRINT" 3. YOUR CITY, ST, ZI
P:": PRINT" 4. YOU PH. NO:":PRINT
" 5. ABORT THIS PROGRAM" : PRINTS 4
26," [1/2/3/4/5] "
130 H$=INKEY$:IFH$=""THEN130ELSE
IFH$="1"THEN140ELSEIFH$="2"THEN1
50ELSEIFH$«"3"THEN160ELSEIFH$=:"4
"THEN170ELSEIFH$="5"THEN180ELSE1
30
140 CLS: PRINT :PRINTA$
143 GOSUB500
145 GOTO110
150 CLS: PRINT :PRINTB$
153 GOSUB500
155 GOTO110
160 CLS: PRINT : PRINTC1$ ; " , ";C2$?
", ";C3$
163 GOSUB500
165 GOTO110
170 CLS : PRINT : PRINTD$
173 GOSUB500
175 GOTO110
180 CLS 3: PRINT© 2 30, "REBOOTING TO
BASIC" ; : SOUND200 , 2 : SOUND100 , 5 : S
OUND200 , 2 : SOUND100 , 5 : SOUND200 , 2 :
SOUND100 , 5 : SOUND200 , 2 : SOUND100 , 5
: FORX=1TO500STEP1 : NEXTX : CLS : END
500 PRINTS 4 20, "PRESS ANY KEY TO
CONTINUE"
510 H$«INKEY$:IFH$=""THEN510
520 RETURN
TTUTT XT T7-i ranf m/-\n e> a fUCA^sd F\ A
Wnl LiCi avent lUiouse . ucoAvjtf jju
0319
RUN getKISSmouse (Event)
0323
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DEllipse
0338
IF CurrXoEv en t .mouse .AcX OR CurrYoEvent .mouse .Ac Y THEN
0359
Event . Pen . HorP : -ABS ( CurrX- S tar tX) \Event . Pen . VerP : -ABS (
CurrY-StartY)
0381
PUT #1, Event. Pen
038E
CurrX : -Event . mouse . AcX
039C
CurrY : —Event . mouse . AcY
03AA
Event . Pen . HorP : —ABS ( CurrX- St artX) \Event . Pen , VerP : —ABS Q
CurrY-StartY)
ft O T\0
03D2
PUT #1 , Event . r en
03DF
ENDIF
03E1
END WHILE
/tine
03E5
RUN gfx2( logic", orr")
03F8
Event , Fen . HorF i — ABS QCurrx-btartX) \civent . Pen . verr : ~ads> Qt»urr i
-StartY)
0420
PUT #1, Event. Pen
042D
END
042F
*
Listing 11: KISSDrawBar
PROCEDURE
KISSdrawbar
0000
r i r r
C* Program to draw a bar at location pointed
002C
(* to by high resolution mouse.
004B
004C
TYPE rodent-Vld, Act, ToTm: BYTE; XI: INTEGER; TTTo : BYTE ; TSSt:
* t
m
INTEGER ; CBSA , CBSB , CCtA , CCtB , TTSA , TTSB , TLSA , TLSB : BYTE
; X2 , BDX , BDY : INTEGER ; Stat , Res : BYTE; AcX, AcY ,WRX, WRY:
INTEGER
00BD
rr
00BE
TYPE stats—I sEvent . Intfindow . InToolBox . InMenuBar . line . box . circle
p111t»«a fear arp fill text freehand RecordOn • BOOLEAN
TVPT? cure nrmriii T - Pn r 1 Cfa 1 o CrroonTvno Nrtdn* flTT*r>u Tien/^41 **T*rtcc
Vir»itT*cr 1 a c a Tr» rtn ToyfRar Q(*rAcc T**rtn T c nx\ Ri i "P "P naf +■ em
, UUUJ. La ^> y Ll U 1 L U 1 1 y ICALDal, t OX>l.Uoo ( XUUllf LUU11DULL t Ucl ULvLll
,horzline , vert line , slantright , slant lef t , dots : BYTE
0151
0152
TYPE codes-DArc , DBar , DBox , DCircle , DEllipse , DLine , DPoint , DFill
, DSetPtr , DPutCur , DSetCur , DLogic , DPattem : INTEGER
018D
018E
TYPE ob j ect-DCode , HorP , VerP : INTEGER
01A1
01A2
TYPE orgin-DPSCode , HanX , HanY : INTEGER
01B5
01B6
TYPE packet-mouse : rodent ; status : stats ; pointer : cursor ; Code
: codes; Pen: object; Handle :orgin
01EB
01EC
PARAM Event: packet
01F5
01F6
DIM StartX , StartY , CurrX , CurrY : INTEGER
0209
020A
(* Enable XOR logic
021E
02 IF
RUN gfx2("logic tt , M xor M )
0232
0233
REPEAT
0235
RUN getKISSmouse (Event)
023F
UNTIL Event . mouse . CBSA-O0 AND Event . mouse . AcX>40
025D
025E
StartX : -Event . mouse . BDX
026C
StartY : -Event . mouse . BDY
027A
CurrX: -StartX
0282
CurrY: -StartY
028A
028B
Event . Handle . HanX : -StartX
174
THE RAINBOW January 198B
029A
02A9
532B6
02B7
02C9
^I2D3
02E8
0306
JJ313
53314
0330
034E
035B
035F
0360
0373
0388
0395
0397
Event . Handle . HanY : -StartY
PUT #1, Event. Handle
WHILE Event .mouse. CBS AO0 DO
RUN getKISSraouse (Event)
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event , Code . DBox
Event . Pen . HorP : -CurrX \Event . Pen . Ver P : -CurrY
PUT #1, Event. Pen
CurrX : -Event . mouse . AcX \CurrY : -Event . mous e . Ac Y
Event . Pen . HorP : -CurrX \Event . Pen . Ver P : -CurrY
PUT #1, Event. Pen
END WHILE
RUN gfx2(" logic", "off")
Event . Pen . DCode : -Event . Code . DBar
PUT #1, Event. Pen
END
Listing 12: KISSFreehand
PROCEDURE KISS freehand
0036
0037
00A8
00A9
00E8
00E9
013C
013D
0178
0179
018C
018D
01A0
01A1
01D6
01D7
01E0
01E1
01F0
01F8
01F9
01FB
0205
0223
0224
0239
024E
025B
025C
026E
0278
0287
02B1
02BE
02C2
02C3
02C5
02C6
(* Program to draw freehand with high resolution mouse
TYPE rodent-Vld,Act t ToTm:BYTE; XI '.INTEGER; TTTo : BYTE ; TSSt:
INTEGER; CBSA , CBSB , CCtA, CCtB , TTSA, TTSB , TLSA , TLSB : BYTE
; X2 , BDX , BDY : INTEGER ; Stat , Res : BYTE; AcX,AcY,WRX,WRY:
INTEGER
TYPE stats-IsEvent , InWindow , InToolBox , InMenuBar , line , box , circle
, ellipse , bar , arc , f ill , text , freehand , RecordOn : BOOLEAN
TYPE cursor-Out Put , Scale , ScreenType , NoCur , arrow, pencil , cross
, hourglass f Nolcon , TextBar , Scross f Icon , IconBuf f , pattern
,horzline , vert line , slantright , slant left , dots : BYTE
TYPE codes-DArc , DBar , DBox, DCircle , DEI 1 ipse , DLine , DPoint , DFill
, DSetPtr t DPutCur , DSe tCur , DLog ic , DPat tern : INTEGER
TYPE ob j ect-DCode , HorP , VerP : INTEGER
TYPE org in-DPSCode , HanX , HanY : INTEGER
TYPE packet-mouse: rodent; status: stats; pointer : cursor ; Code
: codes; Pen: object; Handle: org in
PARAM Event: packet
DIM StartX , StartY , DLineM : INTEGER
DLineM :-$lB4 6
*
REPEAT
RUN getKISSMouse (Event)
UNTIL Event .mouse. CBS AO0 AND Event .mouse .AcX>40
Event . Handle . HanX : -Event . mous e . AcX
Event . Handle . HanY : -Event . mouse . AcY
PUT #1, Event. Handle
»
WHILE Event. mouse. CBS AO0 DO
RUN getKISSMouse (Event)
Event . Pen . DCode : -DLineM
Event . Pen . HorP : -Event . mouse . AcX \Event , Pen . VerP : -Event . mouse . AcY
PUT #1, Event. Pen
ENDWHILE
END
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19
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January 1 988 THE RAINBOW 1 75
Polishing off the
Screen Save/ Dump Package
The RLSqsh filter that was in my
last article needs a mate, and the
Getlmage BAS1C09 program
from several months ago now takes
more than twice as long as the latest
Save Image, We'll tackle the RLExpnd
(Run Length Expand) filter and the
Getlmage speed enhancement the same
way we did RLSqsh and Savelmage.
The improved Getlmage takes less
than a minute (compared to over three
minutes for the old version), and it was
easy to write. Everything in it is derived
from something else.
The Getlmage and PutBuffer
BASIC09 procedures are taken directly
from the original program. The un-
press BASIC09 procedure was derived
from the original unpress procedure
mostly by removing code. I removed
about a page of code and added six or
seven lines.
Mal<Pipe2 is a revised version of
MakPipe. Savelmage piped data to
RLSqsh and directed the output of
RLSqsh to a file. Getlmage directs the
input of RLExpnd to a file and the
Peter Dibble has a bachelor's degree in
chemistry and is currently a graduate
student in computer science. He has
worked as an applications programmer,
systems programmer and as the user
services assistant director for the Uni-
versity of Rochester Computing Center.
With Dale Puckett, he is co-author of
The Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-
9 and the first volume o/The Complete
Rainbow Guide to OS-9 Level II.
By Peter Dibble
output to a pipe. Most of the changes
between MakPipe and MakPipe2 were
to the comments, but it's important to
pay close attention. I got the procedure
wrong the first time and left the paths
backwards.
I kept most of the buffer management
code from RLSqsh when I converted it
to RLExpnd, but I threw out almost
everything else. Even in the buffer
management I made a change. I as-
sumed that RLSqsh would deal more
with input than output, so I used the X
register as a pointer into the input
buffer. RLExpnd should do more output
than input, so I used memory for the
input pointer and used X for the output
pointer.
After you have all the code for Get-
lmage in your machine (four BASIC09
procedures and the RLExpnd module
from your assembler or the CSave file)
you can restore a file saved by Savelm-
ageby running Getlmage and giving it
the name of the file Save I mage created.
It will paint the new image on the screen
in four sections starting at the top of the
screen.
I've frequently tried to run Get Image
or Save I mage on a text screen, but it
doesn't work, and the program is a bit
hostile about it. If you get an error right
after you start running one of these
programs, make sure that the current
screen is a graphics window.
You can amuse yourself and burn
CPU time by piping the output of
RLSqsh to RLExpnd. It is a way to verify
that the filters are working; if they are,
RLSqsh ! RLExpnd does nothing but
work hard.
What Have We Learned?
I didn't make a big fuss about it, but
it is much more difficult to write correct
assembly language than it is to write
correct BASIC09. If the code isn't correct,
it's much easier to find problems in
BAS1C09 procedures using the BASIC09
debugging environment than it is de-
bugging assembly language code. C
programs fall between BASIC09 and
assembly language in difficulty.
Most of a program is not executed
often enough for its speed to matter. It
is best to write the whole program in
your favorite language and debug it
well. If it is not fast enough, improve the
program without changing languages.
If nothing else works, take some impor-
tant parts of the program and code them
in assembly language.
But sometimes it does not make sense
to write any part of a program in
assembly: If the program is small
enough and fast enough in BASIC09 or
C, leave it alone!
When you decide to resort to assem-
bly, make it pay. RLSqsh and RLExpnd
would be a little faster if they were
subroutine modules instead of filters,
but as filters they have more possible
uses. The more possible uses a program
has, the better I feel about working hard
on it.
All this talk about assembly language
being a last resort might make you
wonder, since I usually sound like I am
1 76 THE RAINBOW January 1988
especially fond of assembly. I am, but
I've noticed something about my assem-
bly language programs — they are small
and fast, but not always as elaborate as
they might be. I sometimes leave out
error recovery routines or use hexade-
"If the program is
small enough and
fast enough in
BASIC09 or C 9
leave it alone!"
cimal numbers instead of decimal. I get
excited about the parts where assembly
language makes a big difference and go
lightly when the extra work that assem-
bly language requires doesn't pay. When
I start with a high-level language pro-
gram and recode only the most interest-
ing parts, I can concentrate on the
sections where speed counts. □
Listing 1: RLExpnd.CDump
1 • ft7rn dam cfCfCfn 1 1 R1 qvohx
j.. o/KjI) yjyfDt yty>y>u 1101 yry>yf
1 ^AAOOf
0 • 1 RflfQ H1 59 APAR 7Q7f3f AT7T7/.
Z. LDytO DLjZ. t fO £ IO / 0 / yt OJliili £ 4-
^0f1 00
*5 . AM flT7 ttfllfli /,OOl? rtCQri flfOO/Tf
oi y±jdr yyoy *fyyr jdDVr jdjjjd
±oy 34 .
/. • poflfA Atom? ntintv AioDn ooor
*f . \jy)PH pyytr ytlyts J0OOD ZZZ3
1 Of "7 0 /• ^
Dl J0Elr 3*fo*f ^FV /
/. 0 /. O Q
£• OfOQn flfOOflf TTT7Qn £0»\T? 1 flfQT?
o. yJZoJJ EiJLoU oZDr 1)^ jr
CI OOQ
7» ft£0£ flf9ftT\ QQRA OA170 QQ/.O
3 3 J J 1 •
O . l)Jjr )JOj^ J.J0:7JL )0J7U J^jZO
^91 AA
Q • 1 AftA Offlfl (A RTTOfA OfOHOf A01 Of
2» . moo J0j0j_j0 oiL)tf t f y>y>3y? H-yLyf
^Of ^ ^or
1>0 . oroy Z3J^£i lrZJ? Jlois ljflyr
11 • flf^ATT A&fift OTTflfR O^Qfif OCIfl
XX. jflJ'fr AOoj^ 7rj0D Jjlj^
»n 7 A 0 Of
i o . ci j\o o^no A^^Q flnflflf OAfflO
1 7AAA^
1 • ADAfi AftAfi 07flM flf^flfflf QQQa
7 AO AOf
1A« AM fin Of^Of^ flfflf^Q 1 Of 017 Of 71 Of
jOOOO .
1 c. QrflA CXCHOC OlOftn 0fHA7 ftOf^l
LDm ooj0*f J0J0ZO jdzoD yfoAf oj^jl
70C1 7
1 A • 01 1 Of QT?0f7 **Q1 Of QT70I7 1A0f9
J_0 . ZLLyf zrryff JyLy) yiLjO/ JtylZ.
/, c o 7 nf
11' 30C9 0409 8601 103F 8A25
82117
18: 9A10 0010 9F07 3582
102912.
19: 3684 46
550.
usung x. beiimage
PROCEDURE Getlmage
0000 DIM FileName: STRING [99]
000C INPUT "Image file name:
FileName
0025 RUN impress (FileName)
002 F END
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TRY-O PRINT Get the most from your printer, batch of
labels, cassette labels, disk labels read from the disk, invoice,
purchase order, and statement on menu driven program. Printer
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MATH-ZAP Drill and practice plus tutorial on math skills at
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As&Bsment Program. $29.99.*
*$3.00 shipping and handling on ail orders.
No COD or credit card, please. Your good personal check welcome.
'Try Our Byte"
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 1 77
Listing 3: UnPress
PROCEDURE
impress
9999
PARAM FileName: STRING [99]
000c
DIM Path, Pipe: BYTE
0017
DIM buffer(7680):BYTE
0023
DIM section: INTEGER
•
002A
DIM WinType ,horiz , vert : INTEGER
0039
003A
OPEN #Path, FileName: READ
0046
section:»*l
004D
GET #Path, WinType j
0057
GET #Path,horiz
0061
GET #Path,vert
006B
RUN MakPipe2 ( "RLExpnd" , Pipe , Path)
0084
ON ERROR GOTO 100
00 8 A
LOOP
008G
GET #Pipe, buffer
0096
RUN PutBuf f er (buffer, sect ion, WinType ,horiz , vert/4)
/inn c
00DO
section ^sect i.on+1
00C1
ENDLOOP
00C5 100
REM end loop (probably end of file)
00EA
CLOSE #Path,#Pipe
00F5
END
Listing 4: PutBuf f er
PROCEDURE
Put Buffer
0000
PARAM buffer (7680): BYTE
000C
PARAM section: INTEGER
0013
PARAM typecode : INTEGER
001 A
PARAM horiz, vert : INTEGER
0025
TYPE registers-cc,a,b,dp:BYTE; x,y,u: INTEGER
004A
DIM regs : registers
0053
DIM i , group : INTEGER
005E
005F
REM Get this process's process id
007F
RUN syscall($0C,regs)
, 008D
group: -regs .a
0098-
ON ERROR GOTO 100
009E
RUN gfx2( M def buff", group, 1,7680)
00B9 100
REM The buffer is now defined
00D8
RUN gf x2 ( "gpload" , group , 1 , typecode ,horiz-l , vert , 7680)
0103
PUT #1, buffer
010C
RUN gf x2 ( " put " , g r oup ,l,0,vert*(sect ion - 1 ) )
012D
RUN gfx2("killbuff", group, 1)
0145
END
Listing 5: Mal<Pipe2
PROCEDURE MakPipe2
0000
REM For a process with its standard input directed to
0034
REM a given path and its standard output to a pipe.
0066
PARAM Pgm: STRING
006D
PARAM OutPath:BYTE \(* output from the new progranl
0092
PARAM InPath:BYTE \REM Input for the new program
00B5
TYPE registers-cc,a,b,dp:BYTE; x,y,u: INTEGER
00DA
DIM regs : registers
00E3
DIM tmp , Oldln , OldOut : BYTE
00F2
00F3
REM Fix standard input
0108
regs .a-0
0113
RUN syscall(?82,regs) \REM dup standard input
0136
Oldln: -regs .a
0141
CLOSE #0
0146
regs .a:-InPath
0152
RUN syscall($82,regs) \REM dup the input path into std in
0181
0182
REM Fix standard output
178 THE RAINBOW January 1988
0198
regs . a-1
01A3
RUN syscall($82,regs)
01B1
OldOut :-regs .a
01BC
CLOSE #1
01C1
OPEN #tmp , "/pipe : UPDATE
01D1
01D2
REM Now standard input and output are redirected as they
REM should be. Fork the program
0228
regs . a:«0
0233
regs .b:»0
023E
regs . x : =»ADDR(Pgm)
024C
regs.y:~0
0257
regs .u:»0
0262
RUN syscall($03,regs) \REM fork
0277
0278
REM now the process is running.
0296
REM clean up after it
02AA
regs ,a:-l
02B5
RUN syscall($82 ,regs) \REM dup the new stdout
02D8
OutPath:=regs.a \REM save the pipe
02F3
CLOSE #1
02F8
regs .a:»01d0ut
0304
RUN syscall($82 ,regs) \REM dup to restore the old standard output
033B
CLOSE #01d0ut
0341
0342
REM now restore the old standard input
0367
CLOSE #0
036C
regs .a :-01dIn
0378
RUN syscall($82,regs) \REM dup
038G
CLOSE #01dln
0392
END
s TACNcrii [•(•niiiiti.iiiii jirii' jiijii.ii jiifitjiijiir 2 " ~
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An exciting new arcade game by Glen Dahlgren. This is the long-awaited response to the
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grow ever closer to your ultimate objective. This is the BEST karate game ever available for
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WHITE FIRE OF ETERNITY. Enter the age of monsters,
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legendary power of White Fire throughout the Forbid-
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CHAMPION. Become a superhero in your fight to rid the
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"This is a fascinating game and a difficult one to master.
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All programs Coco 1, 2, 3 compatible.
anpoa
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21 Edinburg Drive
Pittsburgh, PA 15235
(412) 372-5674
Personal checks, money orders, ond C.O.D. orders
accepted.
Include $2.50 for S/H. $ZOO
extra for C.O.D. orders, PA
residents add 6% sales tax.
Authorship and dealer inquiries
welcome.
January 1988 THE RAINBOW 179
Barden's Buffer
Delving Into the
CoCo Disk
By William Barden, Jr.
Rainbow Contributing Editor
I have to admit that I'm a little disconcerted by CoCo disks.
There's really not much to work with in the way of disk
system commands. Fm not talking about OS-9, now,
where there are many commands related to disk files and
directories, including a "tree" structure that allows you to
build subdirectories. I'm talking about the Disk Extended
Color BASIC commands. I feel like I never really know what's
out there, where it is, how much space it takes, and how much
space is left. In this column we'll look at Disk Extended Color
BASIC system disk mysteries. Included will be a utility
program to get a better directory listing and to list any file
on the screen.
Disk Basics
If you're new to computers, you may be a bit dazzled by
disk operation in general. The CoCo disks are standard disks
similar to the ones used in such systems as the Tandy 1000
or IBM series. If you have a disk that is no longer any good,
strip off the jacket and look at the actual disk inside. You'll
see a circular piece of mylar coated with magnetic material,
as shown in Figure 1 . The center hole allows the disk drive
to spin the disk at the speed of about 5 revolut ions per second.
The tiny hole out from the center hole is an index hole. This
hole is detected by a light beam sensor and provides a known
point on the disk. Another type of disk has 10 or so of these
index holes evenly spaced around the disk; this type of disk
is called "hard-sectored," while the CoCo disk is called "soft-
sectored," for reasons we'll get into.
As the disk comes from the manufacturer, it contains
nothing — it's just a jumble of magnetic oxide without any
patterns, like an unused audio cassette. (Actually, there may
be some patterns left over from disk testing at the manufac-
turer's, but that's meaningless to the CoCo.)
Data is written on the disk in tracks and sectors, as shown
in Figure 2. Each track is defined by the action of the read/
Bill Burden has written 27 books and over 100 magazine
articles on various computer topics. His 20 years' experience
in the industry covers a wide background: programming,
systems analysis and managing projects for computers
ranging from mainframes to micros.
180 THE RAINBOW January 1988
write head in the disk drive. This is a recording head mounted
on an arm, similar to an audio recording head.
The arm can step a small amount in and out toward the
center of the disk. Each time the arm steps an increment, the
head moves over another track on the disk. The position of
the track is determined by the position of the head and not
by searching the disk for a magnetic pattern. If the head steps,
it expects the data to be on the track underneath the head.
The disk drive is manufactured with a set number of steps,
defining a set number of tracks. For a CoCo disk, 35 tracks
are used.
Protective
Jacket
Center
Hole
Index Hole
Figure 1: CoCo Disk
At this point we have the disk spinning under the head and
arm arrangement at 5 revolutions per second. How can we
access data? One way to do this would be to look for a
particular pattern of data to come by under the head and then
read from that point. Another way would be to look for the
index hole, since the computer can tell when the index hole
appears by an index hole sensing bit. However, index hole
sensing isnt quite precise enough to use for defining where
Figure 2: Tracks and Sectors on a Disk
data starts — there's some "slop" in the actual disk operation,
a little bit of wobble in the disk, perhaps, and a slight
variation in speed. As a result, the disk controller looks for
the index hole to define the start of a new track and then
looks for a certain bit pattern directly afterward to get in
synchronization.
The pattern that the disk controller writes is called a disk
format pattern. Formatting is done by the DSKINI command
in BASIC, which executes a machine language formatting
program. The result is a kind of "skeleton" pattern on the
disk that defines the track start and end, and sectors for each
of the 35 tracks on a disk. The format is like painted lines
in an empty parking lot. There are 35 rows in the parking
lot, numbered 0 to 34, and 18 spaces per row, numbered 1
through 18. The rows correspond to tracks, while the spaces
within the rows correspond to sectors. The cars (data) haven't
yet arrived.
Each sector on a track can hold 256 bytes of data. As you
know, a byte corresponds to a character of data in a text,
data, or BASIC file. Sector data is filled by BASIC commands
such as PRINTtt or PUTtt or may be read or written by the
special DSKIS or DSKDS commands. To read data, CoCo
software must know the track number, the sector number,
and the number of sectors to be read.
Data can be read or written only in sector multiples. You
can't, for example, read from the middle of the sector. The
disk hardware positions the head to a desired track, waits for
the proper sector to come around (by reading sector numbers
from the formatting skeleton) and then reads the user data
within the sector.
Although it's possible to read one sector after another,
sectors are usually numbered in an interleaved fashion, such
as 1, 12, 5, 16, 9, 2, 13, 6, 17, 10, 3, 14, 7, 18, 11, 4, 15, and
8. Interleaving sectors in this manner allows some processing
to take place before the next sector shows up (remember, the
disk doesn't stop spinning!). There's a slight gap between each
sector on a track. Each sector appears at 1 1/ 1,000-second (1 1
millisecond) intervals, not much time to do a lot of process-
ing.
File Management on Disk
The tracks and special patterns for format data are about
the only fixed factors in using disks. Sectors and other
information are set by the formatting program or other
software. A disk for a CoCo, for example, can be read on
a Tandy 1000, assuming you have a smart enough program
to send the proper commands to the disk controller hardware.
Mark Data Products, for instance, has a CoCo utility
program that allows a user to read and write CoCo data on
MS-DOS computers.
There are many advertisers in rainbow that offer alter-
natives to the standard Radio Shack disk format. With the
proper disk controller (the plug-in module that connects to
your disk drives), it's possible to reliably use a 40-track,
double-sided disk drive or even a hard drive of 20 megabytes!
For the purposes of this column, though, we'll assume that
you have a 35-track, single-sided drive and won't go into
philosophical discussions about why Radio Shack decided to
use only one side of a disk.
Assuming that you have 35 tracks and 18 sectors of 256
bytes per sector, the total disk space is
# bytes =35 tracks * 18 sectors/track * 256 bytes/sector
= 161,280 bytes.
How is disk space allocated to files such as BASIC programs,
collections of data, text files, or other things to be stored on
disk? One way would be to treat the disk as a long cassette
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January 1988 THE RAINBOW 181
Track 17
Directory -<
FAT
File Allocation
Table
First
Directory
Sector
Sector 1
As
Unused i
9th
Directory
Sector
11
12
18
Figure 3: Disk Directory Track
tape and just store files in sequence from the first track and
sector to the last track and sector. However, a disk, unlike
a tape, does not have to be a sequential device. A disk is a
random access device, as the head may be quickly moved to
any track, and a sector may be located just as rapidly.
The time required to move to any track is about !4-second,
on the average. The time required to locate a given sector
on a track is about one-half the rotational time — 100/ 1,000-
second or 100 milliseconds. The total time to locate any spot
on the disk is therefore about 350/ 1,000-second (350
milliseconds), on the average. For data on the same track or
an adjacent track, the total time to locate the data is about
a seventh of a second.
Once the data is located on the track, it can be read out
at a rate of about 23,000 bytes per second, which corresponds
to a track full of data in a fifth of a second.
Where Are the Files?
How are files placed on the disk, and where are they? In
the CoCo, and on many other computer systems, files are
located by a reference table called a disk directory. The disk
directory is located on Track 17 of the CoCo disk. Why Track
17? One reason is that this is the midpoint of tracks on a disk,
and it's faster to access the directory.
The layout of the disk directory track is shown in Figure
3. The second sector of this track is a table called the file
allocation table. (In some systems it is called the granule
allocation table.) Sectors 3 through 1 1 are the actual entries
in the directory that list filenames, file particulars, and file
locations on the disk.
The file allocation table (FAT, for short) is used to allocate
disk space. There are 35 * 18 = 630 sectors on a disk. These
sectors could be allocated in units of one; that is, one sector
for the first disk file, one sector for the next, and so forth.
Additional space could then be allocated as required.
However, almost all files use more than 256 bytes. A typical
BASIC program file, for example, probably has a length of
about 100 BASIC lines; at about 20 bytes per line, the total
size of the file is about 2,000 bytes, or 7.8 sectors long. A
mailing list of 100 names at 40 characters per line would be
about 15.6 sectors long. Therefore, it's probably best to start
with a larger chunk of the disk initially. The chunk that's used
on the CoCo is one-half of a track, or nine sectors (2,304
bytes), called a granule.
There are 35 * 2 = 70 granules on the disk. However, two
of these, in Track 17, are used for the directory and are not
available for users. The total number of user granules is
therefore 68. The FAT in Sector 2 uses one byte for each
granule, making a total of 68 bytes in the table.
Dumping a Typical Disk
Enough cerebral discussion. Let's see what a disk really
looks like. Please note that, while the programs I offer this
month will work on a CoCo 1 or CoCo 2, they are really
intended for operation on a CoCo 3 in the 80-column mode.
The program in Listing 1 uses DSK I $ to read in any disk sector
and dump the data to the CoCo screen in both hexadecimal
and ASCII. DSKI$ reads from a given drive number (0 or
1), track number (0-34), and sector number (1-18) into two
strings, A$ and B$. Two strings are used because the
maximum length of a string is only 255 bytes, one less than
the 256 bytes of data to be found on a disk sector. The
program here just makes it easier to specify the track to be
read and provides a convenient way to display the data.
The code here uses an outer I loop to print 16 lines of data.
Each line prints eight bytes of A$ and eight bytes of B$. Within
the I loop are two loops that use variable J. The first part
of this loop prints the next eight bytes of fl$, and the second
part prints the next eight bytes of B$. The 256 values from
the sector are printed both as hexadecimal values of 00
through FF and as ASCII (text) characters. If the character
from the sector is not an ASCII character, a period is printed
instead.
The display for this code is shown in Figure 4. Pressing
ENTER after the sector data has been printed will print the
next sector on the disk. Entering any other character than
ENTER will cause a return back to the prompt message for
a new sector of data. The program enables any sector of the
630 sectors on disk to be printed.
Using dumps from a typical disk, let's take a look at the
directory and file allocation sectors. The format of the
directory is shown in Figure 5.
The directory is spread over sectors 3 through 11 of Track
17. Each entry in the directory takes 32 bytes. Comparing
the directory format with the typical dump in Figure 4, you
182 THE RAINBOW January 1988
DISK// ,
00
08
10
18
20
28
30
38
40
48
50
58
60
68
70
78
50
54
00
00
53
42
00
00
43
54
00
00
43
54
00
00
TRACKS
52 4F
, SECTORS ?
50 41 4C 20
58
06
00
43
49
00
00
52
58
00
00
52
58
00
00
54
D7
00
52
4E
00
00
41
54
00
00
41
54
00
00
03
00
00
20
02
00
00
49
01
00
00
49
01
00
00
00
00
00
20
00
00
00
47*
FF
00
00
47
FF
00
00
33
00
00
20
OD
00
00
31
3A
00
00
32
3B
00
00
00
00
00
20
00
00
00
20
00
00
00
20
00
00
00
PRESS <ENTER> FOR NEXT , A
1.17,7
20 PROPAL 80: 50 52
D7 TXT. .3.X 88:42 49
00 . . W 90 : 00 00
00 98: 00 00
20 SCR AO: 48 45
43 BIN. • • »C A8 : 42 49
00 BO: 00 00
00 B8: 00 00
20 CRAIG1 CO: 48 53
96 TXT C8: 42 41
00 DO: 00 00
00 D8: 00 00
20 CRAIG2 EO: 42 41
01 TXT. . ; . . E8 : 54 58
00 FO: 00 00
00 F8: 00 00
NY OTHER KEY FOR NEW
Figure 4: Dump Program Display
4F 20 20 20 20 20 PRO
4E 02 00 35 00 7E BIN. .5."
00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00
52 54 5A 43 56 20 HERTZCV
4E 02 00 3C 00 49 BIN..<.I
00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00
50 52 4F 20 20 20 HSPRO
53 00 00 3D 00 71 BAS..-.q
00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00
55 44 4F 54 32 20 BAUD0T2
54 01 FF 3F 00 B6 TXT . . ? . 6
00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00
can see that the 32 bytes take four display lines. The first line
is the filename, padded with blanks to the right. The first
name here is PRDPfll_.TXT. The next three bytes are the file
extension, again padded to the right with blanks. The next
byte, Byte 11, is a 00 for a BASIC program, 01 for a BASIC
data file, 02 for a machine language program, and 03 for a
text editor source file. The next byte, Byte 12, is a 00 if the
file is in binary format and an FF if the file is in ASCII format.
Remember that BASIC files can either be in binary format or
ASCII format (they're in ASCII format if they are saved with
the ,fl option.)
The next byte, Byte 13, is the number of the first granule
in the file. The last two bytes, bytes 14 and 15, are the number
of bytes in the last sector of the file. These three bytes, bytes
13 through 15, relate to the file allocation table in Sector 2.
The file allocation table lists all 68 granules on the disk, one
byte per granule. Each of these bytes contains a code that
links one granule to another to define where a particular file
is located. Remember that the directory entry pointed to the
first granule. The byte for this granule in the file allocation
table points to the next granule by number. When this granule
is found in the file allocation table, it points to the next
granule. This chain continues until the last granule is found.
Let's take a concrete example for this. The file BflU-
DDT2.TXT in the directory of Figure 4 points to the first
granule in the file at Granule 3F hexadecimal (63 decimal).
Entry 1
8
Disk Directory
Sector
256 Bytes
Byte#
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
File Name
8 Bytes
Extension (3 Bytes)
File Type (1 Byte)
ASCII/Binary Flag (1 Byte)
Pointer to 1st Granule (1 Byte)
# Bytes in Last Sector (2 Bytes)
31
X Not
J Used J
Figure 5: Disk Directory Format
A
L
L
P
R
O
G
R
A
M
S
C
o
c
o
o
R
FILESORT
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SOFTWARE
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Looking at the file allocation table (see Figure 6), we see that
this granule points to Granule 40. The granule at 40 is a C8,
marking it as the last granule.
The least significant five bits in the last granule byte tell
how many sectors, 1 through 9, are in the file. In this case,
eight sectors are in the last granule of the file. The "chaining"
of granules can go on for many granules in a long file;
however, the last granule is always a CX-type granule. The
directory bytes 14 and 15 tell how many bytes of the last sector
are used in the file.
If a granule byte in the file allocation table is set to FF,
it is free and can be used for a new file. There are none free
in the example of Figure 6.
Although the granule chaining scheme seems complicated,
it is necessary. When files are deleted, all granules associated
with the file are deleted by setting their bytes in the file
allocation table to FF The directory entry in the disk
directory is also deleted by FFs, which fill up the filename.
This leaves "holes" in the disk space that can be used for
segments of other files. When granules are allocated, a search
is made of the file allocation table to find available space.
For an often used disk, this space may not be contiguous —
DISK0, TRACK// « SECTORS?
02 07
CI OF
C4 C5
C6 IF
C3 C2
C4 C3
CI C8
C5 C2
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
PRESS <ENTER> FOR NEXT «
00,
1 C5
C4
03
00
C4
08 j
: 09
06
05
08
OA
10 !
! 01
3E
CI
1 1
15
18
! C4
C3
C9
C3
ID
20 :
: C4
22
C4
C3
C5
28 :
i 29
2A
C2
C3
C3
30;
; CI
C2
C3
C7
36
38
! CI
C2
C9
C5
C3
40
i 40
C2
CI
C5
00
48 i
! 00
00
00
00
00
50 ;
! 00
00
00
00
00
58:
: 00
00
00
00
00
60 :
00
00
00
00
00
68 ;
00
00
00
00
00
70j
: 00
00
00
00
00
78 j
; 00
00
00
00
00
1.17.2
04 ED..D... 80
CI A. A 88
C8 » > A • • DEH 90
1C DCIC.F., 98
28 D"DCECB( AO
C5 )*BCCDCE A8
C2 ABCG6AHB BO
40 ABIECEB(* B8
00 HBAE » « • * CO
00 C8
00 DO
00 D8
00 EO
00 E8
00 FO
00 F8
ANY OTHER KEY FOR
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
NEW
Figure 6: Typical FAT Dump
N$(0)
N$(71)
String Array
F(0)
F(71)
A(0)
A(71)
G(0)
Q(71)
B(0)
B(71)
FA(0)
Numeric
Array
Holds
FAT
Data
FA(67)
Figure 7: Arrays in Directory Program
184 THE RAINBOW January 1988
the granules won't be right next to each other. Chaining is
one way to link the "fragmented" granules of a file together
and make full use of a limited amount of storage on disk.
A Directory Program
We now know everything necessary to write a directory
program that will list more data about disk files than we get
with the BASIC DIR command. The program is shown in
Listing 2 and has two main functions: listing the files on disk
in first-in order, in screen segments (eliminating the annoying
scroll-off-screen of DIR), giving the number of bytes taken
by each file; and listing any file on the screen — something
that can't be done from BASIC, short of reading in a program
with BASIC or a text editor and listing it.
Directory Listing
This part of the program first reads in the file allocation
table and all directory entries from Track 17 into memory
as entries in a series of arrays, as shown in Figure 7. This
"stripping" of the directory is done by a subroutine, which
is executed completely one time only. After the first time, the
body of the subroutine is bypassed. The allocation table is
read into array Ffi ( ) , a 68-entry numeric array. Directory
entries are broken up into an N$( ) array (name and
extension), F ( ) array (file type), R ( ) array (ASCII flag), G ( )
array (first granule), and B( ) array (bytes in last granule).
The directory entry arrays are 72 entries long, the maximum
number of entries in a disk directory.
The directory is listed to the screen in first-in order with
the file type, ASCII/ binary information and the number of
bytes required for each file. Also listed are the number of
fragments of the file. A fragment is a block of one or more
granules. The fragment information is useful to see how a
file is distributed over a disk. Disk accesses can be sped up
greatly by reformatting a new disk and copying long files in
sequence so that disk space is allocated in one block — this
avoids a lot of time-consuming head movement.
A final summation lists the number of bytes used, the
number of bytes remaining, and the number of granules
inaccessible. The inaccessible bytes may occur if the granules
in the FAT are not properly released to disk use. In one of
my disks, there were six granules unaccounted for; whether
this was an error in BASIC'S file processing or my own
operator error is debatable.
Figure 8 shows the new directory listing for a typical disk.
NAME TYPE FORMAT BYTES S EG
ED . BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
ED % .BIN MACH I NELA BINARY 4608
AS .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
ASZ .BIN MACH I NELA BINARY 9216
DCBUG .BIN MACH I NELA BINARY 2304
XPER .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
FILELIST. BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
HLPZ . BAS I CD ATA ASCII 9216
DISPLAY * TXT BAS I CDATA ASCII 2304
EXSQR . TXT BAS ICDATA ASCII 2304
BLKWHT .TXT BASICDATA ASCII 2304
EX SCROLL .TXT BASICDATA ASCII 2304
TOWERS .TXT BASICDATA ASCII 2304
TEXTOUT .TXT BASICDATA ASCII 2304
DRAWL I N E . TXT BASICDATA ASCII 2304
ASP • BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
SVNBY9 .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
GENCHLP .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 4608
BAUDOT 1 .TXT BASICDATA ASCII 6912
EIGHTBY9 .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
PROPOR .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
BASPR2 .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
FIG20719.TXT TEXTEDITR BINARY 2304
DOS .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 4608
DOS .BIN MACH I NELA BINARY 4608
SCRIP .BIN MACH INELA BINARY 13824
XF .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
LIST .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
AXS .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
BAUDOT .BIN MACH I NELA BINARY 2304
GRAPHICS. BAS BASICPROG BINARY 4608
GETF .TXT BASICDATA ASCII 2304
PROPAL .TXT TEXTEDITR BINARY 2304
SCR .BIN MACH I NELA BINARY 2304
CRAIG1 .TXT BASICDATA ASCII 2304
CRAIG2 .TXT BASICDATA ASCII 2304
PRO .BIN MACH INELA BINARY 2304
HERTZCV .BIN MACHINELA BINARY 2304
HSPRO .BAS BASICPROG BINARY 2304
B A U DOT 2 • TXT BASICDATA ASCII 4608
BAUDOT 2 .BIN MACHINELA BINARY 2304
BIGNUM .BAS BASICPROG BINARY ,2304
DUMP .BAS BASICPROG ASCII 2304
TOTAL BYTES- 142848 BYTES LEFT- 0
6 GRANULES INACCESSIBLE ( 13824 BYTES)
43 TOTAL FILES
Figure 8: Typical Directory Listing
Listing Files
The listing portion of the program also first reads in the
directory into the arrays listed above unless previously done
by a directory function. The code then uses the filename
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January 1988 THE RAINBOW 185
entered by the operator to search the in-memory directory.
Some reformatting is required here as the in-memory name
is padded with blanks and contains no period between name
and extension.
If the file is found, the first granule location is picked up
from the G array. The chain of granules is followed until the
end granule. Each granule located is converted to a track and
sector number and used in a DSKIS statement to read in the
appropriate sector as fl$ and B$. These strings are then
printed.
Most granules use all nine sectors, and a loop prints the
entire granule with nine successive reads. However, end
granules result in reads of only the required number of sectors
(found from the CX granule) and a print of only the first
portion of the last sector (found from the B array — the
number of bytes in the last sector). Figure 9 shows a typical
listing for the list function. Any ASCII file will print out
properly formatted, and even non-ASCII files may contain
useful information for identification purposes.
Next month we'll have more on CoCo topics. Til then,
watch those inaccessible granules! □
* BAUDOT ( MURRAY ) TELETYPE SUBROUTINE
* READS RADIO TELETYPE CHARACTER THROUGH CAS
* ETTE PORT AND SENDS TO SCREEN DRIVER
*
*
LETS EOU $IF LETTERS CODE
FIGS EOU SIB FIGURES CODE
* WORKING STORAGE
DELCNT FDB 1000 1/2 BIT TIME DELAY
BIT1 FDB 0 ONE BIT COUNT
INVERT FCB 0 0" NORMA L , 1 - INVERTED
LETFIG FCB 0 0" LETTERS , 32-FIGURES
SCREEN FDB 0 SCREEN PNTR
BAUDOT ORCC #$50 RESET INTRPTS
JSR CLRSCN CLEAR SCREEN
CLRA
STA $6F DEVNO FOR DISPLAY
LDX #$400 START OF SCREEN
STX SCREEN INITIALIZE
BAU002 JSR LOOKST WAIT TIL STARTCHAR
JSR HBIT DELAY 1/2 BIT TIME
JSR HBIT DELAY 1/2 BIT TIME
Figure 9: Typical Listing
Listing 1: DISKDUMP
100 •
110 '
12)3 • DISK DUMP PROGRAM
130 CLEAR 1000
140 CLS
150 INPUT "DISK#, TRACK # , SECTOR
#"; DN, TN, SN
160 DSKI$ DN, TN, SN, A$ , B$
170 i
180 FOR 1=0 TO 15
190 PRINT RIGHT $ ( "0" + HEX$ ( I
* 8 ) , 2 ) + " : " ;
200 FOR J=0 TO 7
210 i
220 C$=MID$(A$, (I)*8 + J + 1, 1
)
230 C$=HEX$( ASC( C$ ) )
240 PRINT RIGHT$( "0" + C$, 2 )
j_ ii it . .
250 NEXT J
260 •
270 FOR J = 0 TO 7
280 C$=MID$( A$, 1*8 + J + 1, 1)
290 IF C$<" " THEN PRINT " . " ; EL
SE PRINT C$;
300 NEXT J
310 i
320 PRINT " ";
330 PRINT RIGHT$( "0" + HEX$ ( I
* 8 + 128 ) , 2 ) + ": " ;
340 i ;
350 FOR J=0 TO 7
360 C$=MID$(B$, (I)*8 + J + 1, 1
)
370 C$=HEX$( ASC( C$ ) )
380 PRINT RIGHT$ ( "0" + C$, 2 )
+ " " } r
390 NEXT J
400 i
410 FOR J = 0 TO 7
420 C$=MID$( B$, 1*8 + J + 1, 1)
430 IF C$<" " THEN PRINT » . " ; EL
SE PRINT C$;
440 NEXT J
450 •
460 PRINT
470 NEXT I
480 i
490 PRINT "PRESS <ENTER> FOR NEX
T, ANY OTHER KEY FOR NEW"
500 A$=INKEY$: IF A$="" THEN 500
510 IF A$OCHR$(l3) THEN GOTO 14
0
520 SN=SN+1: IF SN=19 THEN SN=1:
TN=TN+1: IF TN=35 THEN TN=0
530 PRINT USING "DISK NO: # TRAC
K NO: ## SECTOR NO: ##"; DN, TN,
SN
540 GOTO 160
550 1
560 • ===========================
186 THE RAINBOW January 1988
..14 880 .
.158 1140
710 210 END
.145
.180
...2
Listing 2: DISKDIR
IJJjj i ===========================
llj3 1 DISK DIR/LIST UTILITY
12j3 « LISTS DIRECTORY IN FIRST-I
N ORDER, LISTS ANY FILE ON SCREE
N.
130 CLEAR 2j3j3j3
140 DIM FA ( 67 )
150 DIM N$( 71 )
160 DIM F( 71 )
170 DIM A( 71 )
180 DIM G( 71 )
190 DIM B( 71 )
200 FT = 0
210 CLS
220 PRINT "DIR/LIST UTILITY"
230 PRINT
240 PRINT " 1. DIR"
250 PRINT " 2. LIST"
260 PRINT
270 INPUT "SELECTION (1-2)"; RE
280 IF RE < 1 OR RE > 2 THEN 270
290 ON RE GOTO 320,630
300 1
31J3 ' ===========================
»
320 ' DIR FUNCTION
330 CLS
340 PRINT " NAME TYPE
FORMAT BYTES SEG"
350 PRINT "
ii
360 GOSUB 970
370 TB = 0: TL - 0: NF = 0
380 FOR I = 0 TO 71
390 IF N$( I ) = STRING$( 11, CH
R$( 255 ) ) THEN GOTO 550
400 NF = NF + 1
410 A$ = LEFT$( N$( I ), 8 ) + "
." + MID$( N$(I),9, 3)
420 A$ = A$ + " " + MID$( "BASIC
PROGBASICDATAMACHINELATEXTEDITR"
F( I )
* 9 + 1, 9 )
430 IF A( I ) =0 THEN A$ = A$ +
" BINARY " ELSE A$ = A$ + " ASC
The
THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE
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January.1988 THE RAINBOW
187
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issue.
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ii "
440 BY = 0: NG = 1
450 HD = G( I )
4 6)3 IF FA( HD ) > 67 THEN GOTO 5
ija
470 BY = BY + 2304
480 IF FA( HD ) - HD <> 1 THEN N
G = NG + 1
490 HD = FA( HD )
500 GOTO 460
510 BY = BY + 2304
520 PRINT A$;: PRINT USING " ###
### ##»; BY, NG
530 TL = TL + 1: IF TL = 20 THEN
TL = 0: GOSUB 1280
540 TB = TB + BY
550 NEXT I
560 PRINT "TOTAL BYTES =" ; TB;"#
BYTES LEFT="; 2304*FG
570 PRINT 68 - TB/2304 - FG; "GR
ANULES INACCESSIBLE (" ; 156672 -
TB - FG*2304; "BYTES)"
580 PRINT NF; "TOTAL FILES"
590 GOSUB 1280
600 GOTO 210
610 •
620 ' ===========================
630 ' LIST FUNCTION
640 GOSUB 970
650 CLS
660 INPUT "FILE TO LIST"; RE$
670 IF LEN ( RE$ ) = 0 THEN GOTO
940 ELSE IF LEN ( RE$ ) <= 12 THE
N GOTO 690
680 GOTO 650
690 FOR L = 1 TO LEN ( RE$ )
700 IF ( MID$( RE$, L, 1 ) = " "
) OR ( MID$( RE$, L, 1 ) = "."
) THEN GOTO 720
710 NEXT L
720 C$ = LEFT$( LEFT$ ( RE$, L -
1 ) + " ", 8 )
730 C$ = C$ + LEFT$( MID$ ( RE$,
L + 1, 3 ) + " ", 3 )
740 FOR 1=0 TO 71
750 IF N$( I ) = C$ THEN 790
760 NEXT I
770 PRINT "FILE "; RE$ ; " NOT FO
UND"
780 GOTO 9 30
790 HD = G( I )
800 IF HD > 33 THEN TK = INT ( (
HD + 2 ) / 2 ) ELSE TK = INT( HD
/ 2 )
810 SC = ( ( HD AND 1 ) * 9 ) +
1
188 THE RAINBOW January 1988
1
820 IF FA(HD) <= 67 THEN J = 9 E
LSE J = FA( HD ) AND 31
83J3 FOR L = 1 TO J
840 DSKI$ 0, TK, SC, A$, B$
850 IF FA( HD ) <= 67 THEN PRINT
A$; B$;: GOTO 890
86p IF L <> J THEN PRINT A$; B$ ;
: GOTO 890
87j3 IF B( I ) <= 128 THEN PRINT
LEFT$( A$, B( I ) )
880 IF B( I ) > 128 THEN PRINT A
$;: PRINT LEFT$( B$, B ( I ) - 12
8 );
890 SC=SC + 1
900 NEXT L
91)3 IF FA( HD ) > 67 THEN 920 EL
SE HD = FA( HD ) : GOTO 800
920 PRINT
930 GOSUB 1280
940 GOTO 210
950 '
960 < ===========================
970 ' READ IN AND STRIP DIRECTOR
Y
980 IF FT = 1 THEN GOTO 1250
990 DSKI$ 0, 17, 2, A$, B$
1000 FG = 0
1010 FOR I = 0 TO 67
1020 FA (I) - ASC( MID$( A$, I +
1/ 1 ) )
1030 IF FA(I) = 255 THEN FG = FG
+ 1
1040 NEXT I
1050 K = 0
1060 FOR I = 3 TO 11
1070 DSKI$ 0, 17, I, A$,
1080 FOR J = 0 TO 3
1090 N$( J + K ) = MID$( A$,
32 + 1, 11 )
1100 F ( J + K ) = ASC( MID$( A$,
J * 32 + 12, 1 ) )
B$
J *
1110 A( J
J * 32 +
1120 G( J
J * 32 +
1130 B( J
J * 32 +
+ K )
13, 1
+ K )
14,
+ K )
15, 1
1 )
)
ASC( MID$( A$,
)
ASC( MID$( A$,
)
ASC( MID$( A$,
) * 256 +
ASC( MID$( A$, J *
) )
1140 NEXT J
1150 FOR J = 0 TO 3
1160 N$( J + K + 4 )
J * 32 + 1, 11 )
1170 F ( J + K + 4 )
B$, J * 32 + 12, 1
1180 A( J + K + 4 )
B$, J* 32 + 13, 1
1190 G( J + K + 4 )
B$, J * 32 + 14, 1
1200 B ( J + K + 4 )
A$, J * 32 + 15, 1
32 + 16, 1
= MID$( B$,
ASC( MID$(
)
ASC( MID$(
)
ASC( MID$(
)
= ASC( MID$(
) ) * 256 +
ASC( MID$(
/ 1 ) )
1210 NEXT J
1220 K = K + 8
1230 NEXT I
1240 FT = 1
1250 RETURN
1260 '
1270 '==========
B$, J * 32 + 16
1280 • MORE SUBROUTINE
1290 PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO CON
TINUE"
1300 D$=INKEY$: IF D$= IMI THEN 13
00
1310 RETURN
1320 1 ==========================
U.S. check
money order
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please add 6% sales tax
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January 1 988 THE RAINBOW 1 89
Racksellers
The retail stores listed below carry THE RAINBOW on a regular basis and
may have other products of interest to Tandy Color Computer users. We
suggest you patronize those in your area.
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190
Poling Race Bookstore
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Radio Shack Dealer
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THE RAINBOW January 1 988
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The Eight Bit Comer
Perry Computers
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Shinder's Ridge Square
Shinder's Roseviile
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The Photo Shop
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Ray's TV & Radio Shack
Book Brokers Unlimited
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Book Emporium
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Nelson News
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Verham News Corp.
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New Horizons Computer Systems
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Page One Newsstand
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Lift Bridge Book Shop, Inc.
Gromland, Inc.
Southern Tier News Co., Inc.
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Unicom Electronics
Barnes & Noble— Sales Annex
Coliseum Books
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Grand Central Station, Track 37
200 Park Ave., (Pan Am #1)
55 Water Street
World Trade Center #2
First Stop News
Idle Hours Bookstore
International Smoke Shop
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Walden Books
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PCwIirig Universal C^mpyter Servlq^
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ley
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Alientown
AJtoona
Bryn Mawr
feastervitle
King of Prussia
Malvern;
Phoenlxvflle
Reading
Temple
WestChester
Wind Gap
York
RHODE ISLAND
Newport;
Warwick
News Center In Cary ^Village
University- Newsft Sundry
Newsstand Ihf I
Papers & Paperback :
: Computer Plus
P Books & Comics
Michele's, InC;
K&S Newsstand
Boomers Rhythm Center
K & S Newsstand (3 Locations)
Rainbow News Ltd.
Churchill News & Tobacco
JR Computer Control
Little Professor Book Center
Thrasher Radio & TV
Clnsoft
ErievlewNews
Fidelity Sound & Electronics
B6 Software
Micro Center
The Newsstand
Books & Co.
Ruber Heights Book & Card
Wilke News
Wright News & Books
Book Barn
News-Readers
Wilke's University Shoppy :
Open Book
The News Shop
Lakewood International New£i
Edu-Caterers
Wllke News
Bookmark Newscenter'
Leo's Boc4< & Wine Shop
Book Nook, Inc.
Fine Print Books
Plaza Book & Smoke Shop
Merit Micro Software
Thomas Sales, Inc. dba Radio Shack
Steve's Book Store
Libra Books - Book Mark
Fifth Avenue News
Rich Cigar Store, Inc.
Sixth & Washington NewM
Capitol News Center
Checkmate Book ?
'.if' 1 • K'i "i* " "* * ,fc '""**'. **"' '.v'^'Af . -^"'i' .'
. * v _, ". T — .*'• '?* ■ ?■' ■ *" " " ■ l' ' A ' •
.1* ^ *t , I .jt — t .~ *'• '. -V ' ..' '■'■■■:';■>*.'
Owl Services
Newborn Enterprises
Bryn Mpwr News
Global Books
Gene's Books
Personal Software
Stevens Radio Shack • : ? : ; ;
Smiths News & Card Contet ;?
Software Corner
Chester County Book CO^ :
Micro World
The Computer Center Of York
Tailgate Bookstore
Delker Electronics
Poncho's News
Moore's Electronics
Maxwell Books
The Homing Pigeon
Book Mark
ValleyBcxbk^nte/
K & S Newsstand
Benders
IO Computers
Turn The Page
Volume | Bookstore
Port Book & News
Adams News Co,, Inc.
Bulldog News
B & I Magazines & Books
Nybbles 'N Bytes
Nick's News
Stan's Electronics & Radio Shack
Communications, LTD
Valley News Service
Spring Hill News
Badger Periodicals
Cudahy News & Hobby
R.K. News, Inc.,
Pic A Book
University Bookstore
Juneau Village Reader
Little Professor Book Center
HoltVdrtety)
Smyrna
TEXAS:-.**
• Big Spring
: ?Brenhqm
^•Pes&to-''
Elgin
Hqritngton ;
iimH
VIRGINIA
«Dahvllle? ;
Hampton
Norfolk
>$c]in^6d :!
Washington
Port Angeles
Seottle /
v :/ TacorT*a^
WEST VIRGINIA
Huntington
Logan
Madlsah
Pdrkersburg
South ?v
Charleston
Wisconsin
Appieton
Cudahy
Kenosha
Madison
t» 3»5| .V , ■■■■■
/iiC^r t, •^•:-??y\-'? '
Milwaukee
Racine
Waukesha
ARGENTINA
dordoba
AUSTRALIA
Blaxland
Kingsford
CANADA:
ALBERTA
Banff
Blairmore
Bonnyville
Brooks
Calgary
Oareshoirn;
Drayton Valley Langard Electronics
ALBERTA (cont'd)
Tdber
Westlcck
Wetasklwin
Pynewood Sight & Sound
Westtock Stereo
Radio Shack .
Information Teiecommunicatlohes
Blaxland computers
Paris Radio Electronics
Banff Radio Shack
t & K Sports & MusiC
Paul Tercler
Double "D"A.S.C. Radio Shack
Billy's News
Radio Shack Associated Stores
Bellevue News- :
Software Connection
SOUTH CAROLINA
Chdrtestbn His. Software Hdus,Jn&?
Ciemson Newsstand
RayteM
Palmetto News Co/ '
Software City
Hemlng's Electronics
Clemson
Florence
Greenville
Spartanburg
Union
Edmonton
Edsoh
Falrvlew
Fox Creek
^•$dskdfche-
wan
Grande
Grande
Centre
Hinton
Ihhlsfaii
tecombe
LedUc.
Lethbridge
Lloydmfnsfer.
Okotoks
Pedce River
^Sr-feul
Stettler
Strdthmore
CMD Micro
Radio Shdck, asd
D N.R, Furniture & TV
Fox City Color 8t Sound
A.S.C. Radio Shacl?
: Ft:;Mall Radio Shack, AS0
meStereoHu^
The feook Nook
Jim Cooper
L&S Stereo
Brian's Electronics
Radio Shack Associated Stores
Dotation
Uoyd Radio Shack
Okotoks Radio Shack
Radio Shack Associated Stores
Twener Software
Walter's Electronics
Stettler Radio Shack
Wheatland Electronics;
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Burnaby
' Burns Lake
Campbell
' River
Chlltlwack
: Coortehay
VDowson Creek
Goldeh :i
. Kelownd
T LCingley
N. Vancouver
Nelson
Pdrksvllle
P^htlcton
Sidney
Smithers
Squamlsh
10Q lyllie
House
MANITOBA
AJtona
Lundar
Morden
The Pas
Selkirk
vlrden
Winnipeg
NEW BRUNSWICK
Moncton
Sussex
NEWFOUNDLAND
Botwood
Carbonear
NOVA SCOTIA
Halifax
ONTARIO
Angus
Aurora
Concord
Exceter
Hanover
Huntsville
Kenora:
Kingston
Listowel
South River
QUEBEC
LaSalle
Pont. Rouge
Vllie St. Gabriel
SASKATCHEWAN
Assiniboia
Estevan
Moose Jaw
Nipiwdhf
;;;Re'g[ihq : :-.?
Sdskatoon
Shellbrooke
Tlsdale
YUKON
Whitehorse
JAPAN
Compuiit
^Mo^WbrlQ.
TRS Electronics
Charles Parker
Rick's Music 8c Stereo
Bell Radio & TV
Taks Home Furnishings
Telesoft Marketing
Langiey Radio Shack
Microwest Distributors
Oliver's Books
ParksvilleTV
DJ,'s •
Four Comer Grocery
Sidney Electronics
Wall's Home Furniture
Kotyk Electronics
TlpTcp^di0&^
KAWlebrLtd.
Goranson Elec.
Central Sound
Jodl's Sight & Sound
G.L EhnsElec.
Archer Enterprises
J & J Electronics Ltd.
Jeffries Enterprises
DewrftElec.
Seaport Elec^.-:
f-Siade Realties
Atlantic News
Micro Computer Services
Compulsion
Ingram Software
J, Macleane & Sons
Modern Appliance Centre
Huntsville Elec.
Donny "B"
XM. Computers
Modem Appliance Centre
Max TV
Dennis TV
Messogeries de Presse Benjamin Enr.
Boutique Bruno Ldroche
GlllesCorneau Enr/Radlo Shack
Telstar News
kotyk Electronics
D&S Computer Place
Cornerstone Sound'
ReginaCoC^Cfub
Software Supermarket
Eyerybod/s Software Library
Gee. Laberge Radio Shack
Paul's Service
Grant's HoUse of Sound
H«t0Holdinos
Ameilca Ado, Ino,
PUERTO RICO
San Juan
Software City
TENNESSEE
Brentwood
Chattanooga
Dickson
Khoxvilte
Memphis
Nashville
Bookworld #5
Anderson News Cc%
Guild Books & Periodicals
Highland Electronics
Anderson NewsCOv
Davis-Kidd Bookseller
Computer Center
Davis-Kidd Booksellers
Mosktfs Place
RiM. Mills BcokstOr©;;
Also available at all B. Dalton Booksellers, and j
selected Coles — in Canada, Waldenbooks, Pickwick j
Books, Encore Books, Barnes & Noble, Little \
Professors, Tower Book & Records, Kroch's & I
Brentano's, and Community Newscenters.
JfenuB ry 1 9BB THE RAINBOW 191
Advertisers Index
We encourage you to patronize our advertisers — all of whom support the Tandy Color
Computer. We will appreciate your mentioning the rainbow when you contact these firms.
A to Z Unlimited 127
After Five Software 120
Alpha Products 21
Bob's Software 89
Burke & Burke 159
Cer-Comp 46, 47
Cinsoft 55
Clearbrook Software
Group 39
CNR Engineering 105
Cognitec 83
Colorware 22, 23
Computer Center 67
Computer Island 137
Computer Plus 3
Computer Villa 139
Computerware 77
Computize . . .56, 57
CY-BURNET-ICS ......... ,95
D. P. Johnson 1 65
Dayton Associates of
W. R. Hall, Inc 118, 119
Delphi 122, 123
Diecom IFC t IBC
DISKMASTER, INC 69
Disto .63
Dorsett Education
Systems .65
E. Z. Friendly Software 95
Eric Ackley 70
Federal Hill Software 109
Frank Hogg Laboratory 91, 157, 167
Gimmesoft 81
Hard Drive Specialists 141
Hawkes Research
Services * * •••>•* ....«.■■*«« 55
Howard Medical 66, 194
ICR Futuresoft 35
J & R Electronics 71
Kelly Software
Distributors. . . . .... .177
Metric Industries 29
Micro Works, The ., . .75
Microcom Software ...9, 11, 13, 15,
153
Microtech Consultants
Inc 79
MicroWorld 103
Other Guys Software, The 135
Owl-Ware 145, 146, 147
Paparis Enterprises 125
Performance Peripherals 97
Perry Computers 175
Preble's Programs, Dr BC
Public Domain 148
PXE Computing 7
R.A.D. Products 71
Rainbow Binder 34
Rainbow Bookshelf 114, 115
Rainbow Gift Subscription 99
Rainbow on Tape and Disk 94
RTR Development Systems ... .185
Sardis Technologies 121
SD Enterprises 139
Seibyte Software.. 183
Softbyte., ....91
Software House, The ; 93
Call:
Belinda Kirby
Advertising Representative
The Falsoft Buitding
9509 U.S. Highway 42
P.O. Box 385
Prospect, KY 40059
(502) 228-4497
SpectroSystems 41
Spectrum Projects Inc 17, 25, 27
Speech Systems . 50, 51, 52, 53
Sugar Software 193
Sundog Systems 179
Sunrise Software 125
T & D Software 32, 33, 155
Tandy/Radio Shack . 42, 43
Tepco ...189
TMM/Hemphili Electronics 164
Tom Mix Software 117
True Data Products 132, 133
Try-OByte 177
Valkyrie 89
Vidicom Corporation 181
Wasatch ware 159
Woodstbwn Electronics 127
York 10... , 151
Zebra Systems 61
□ Call:
Kim Vincent
Advertising Representative *
The Falsoft Building
9509 U.S. Highway 42
P.O. Box 385
Prospect, KY 40059
(502) 228-4492
1 92 THE RAINBOW January 1988
')!«'
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11
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time
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i'Sii idlliu.ill ii
Issue
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si
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is
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'ill! ffifttfMlillinlil
OS9
Calllgrapher
Turn your lCo(Co into a
caffigrapfier's quiffs
fTHafse & e a u i i f u f
ions*
c a r t i f f c s t e s f foue
ers an
your iCoCo for jesR£op
puBff-shfng £ o prfni
newsfeHers, ffyers unci
acU* IRIT tfiis i« possf&fe
w i t fi £ fi e 0 5 9
iCafffgrapfier*
Tin 0£9 iCaffigra-
pfier is a £e*£ format-
ting progran for 059*
f£ reads a standard fife
wfifcfi contains text and
formatting codes*
The Calllgrapher Programs - Both the
0S9 and CoCo Calligrapher come with
three %-inch fonts: Old English, Gay
Nineties and Cartoon. Both come with
support for Epson, Gemini, Radio Shack,
Okidata 92A, Banana and Pro writer
printers. Both print the same fonts.
CoCo Calllgrapher - (Hybrid BASIC/ML)
Tape or Disk; $24.95.
OS9 Calligrapher - (C) Requires 0S9
Level I or II; Disk only; $24.05.
Calllgrapher
Type Styles
Cafff uses n any
a.-ff erent type styfes fn
Goth ftaff and quarter
incfi size wfn'cli are
printed on a dot-natnx
printer* (Tor e*anpfe f
this ad was forna
and prin t e a using
0591 (Cafffgrapfier,
The C$9 Caffrgrapfier
cones w i t fi £ fi r e e
half— fnch fonts*
Gey Nineties
Cartoon
any other fonts are
auaffahfe*
iillIiiiiM^
Winter, 1
CoCo
Calllgrapher
The (ColCo fCaffi'grapher
pr in U the sane fonts
as the 059 iCaffi-
grapher* Though not as
powerfuf as the 059
Cafff, the CoCo iCaffi
fs an easy to use, menu
driuen progran for tfsose
of you that don't use
059* ITt can print
ffnes feft justified or
centered and can print
in condensed node on
sone printers*
Cither Cafffgrapher nay
he purchased with aff
fonts as a JCon&o
(Package*
The Calligrapher Fonts - Requires 0S9
or CoCo Calligrapher. Each set on tape or
disk; $14.95 each. Set #1 - (9 fonts) Re-
duced, reversed and reduced-reversed
versions of Gay Nineties, Old English
and Cartoon; Set #2 - (8 fonts) Old Style
and Broadway; Set #3 - (8 ronts) An-
tique and Business; Set #4 - (8 fonts)
Wild West and Checkers; Set #5 - (10
fonts) Stars, Hebrew and Victorian; Set
#6- (8 fonts) Block and Computer;
The Economy Font Packages on disk;
29.05: Font Package #1 - Above font
sets.l, 2 and 3 (25 fonts) on one disk.
Font Package #2 - Above font sets 4, 5
and 6 (26 fonts) on one disk. Both Pack-
ages #1 and #2 (51 fonts); Disk only;
49.95.
The Calllgrapher Combo - Everything!;
Our most popular package includes the
Calligrapher and both Font Packages (51
fonts); Disk only; $69.95.
This ad was composed using %-inch Reversed Old English for the headline, %-inch Block for headers and tt-inch Checks for the
body, A 2V4-inch column was printed and cut to three columns. The sample fonts shown above are tt-inch although the %-inch ver-
sions are included with the Calligrapher programs. Specify 0S9 or CoCo (RSDOS) when ordering.
A complete catalog of other sweet
Sugar Software products Is available.
RAINBOW
CCHTITICATJON
SEW.
wmmmm
*TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp.
SUGAR SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 7446
Hollywood, Florida 33081
(305) 981-1241
All programs run on the CoCo 1, 2 and S, S2K
Extended Basic, unless otherwise noted. Add
$1.60 per tape or disk for postage and handling.
Florida residents add b% sales tax. COD orders
add $4. Dealer inquiries invited. Orders generally
shipped in 24-48 hours. No refunds or exchanges
without prior authorization.
V
Star NX-10 Printer Only $238
NOW WITH FREE SP-C ($68.45 value)
EPSON
disk NEW FROM J&M
CONTROLLER
The DC-4 Is a scaled-down version of the popular DC-2
without a parallel port. It includes a switch with 2 ROM
sockets, JDOS, manual and such features as gold connec-
tors and metal box. It accesses double sided drives and ac-
cepts RSDOS 1.1 for Radio Shack compatability.
DC-4 with memory minder
($2 shipping)
RS DOS ROM CHIP
ROM chip fits inside disk controller. 24 pin fits both J&M
and RS controller Release 1.1. For CoCo 3 Compatability.
$20
each
Reg. $40
($2 shipping)
DISK DRIVE SPECIALS
DRIVE 0 +
Howards Drive 0 gives you a
DD-3 MPI drive, a CA-1 cable and a J&M DC-4 Disk Controller
for only. Add $34 for a Disto DC-3 replacement. ($5 shipping)
DOUBLE SIDED iBfffc
DOUBLE DENSITY ^gUQ^
$17845
Separate Disk Drive Components
DD-3 An MP! 52 double-sided, double density, 360K disk
drive in a full height case and heavy-duty power supply.
$98
($2 shipping) DRIVE ONE
TEAC T-3 1 / 2 height, double sided, double density, 720K
bare drive, includes all mounting hardware.
NEW
$159
(*2 shipping)
TEAC 55B bare drive, Vz height, double-sided, double density with
all mounting hardware, needs CA-2 below to fit R.S. 501.
$118
(*2 shipping)
BARE
SP-C
Serial to parallel converter converts the CoCo 4 pin serial output to run
a parallel printer like Star or Epson. Includes all cables. Add $10 for
modem attachment. ($2 shipping) R 45
CA-1 Cable that connects the disk controller to the drive.
CA2 $29 95
$0495
One Drive
Two Drive
GUARANTEE — Howard Medical's 30-day guarantee
is meant to eliminate the uncertainty of dealing with a com-
pany through the mail. Once you receive our hardware, try
it out, test it for compatibility. If you're not happy with it for
any reason, return it in 30 days and we'll give you your
money back (less shipping).
LX-800 $239
Friction and tractor feed included
1 60 CPS
3K Buffer
NLQ on front buttons
Package includes free SP-C serial to
parallel converter and Epson tutorial
on disk.
Star NX-10 Only $238
WORD PACK RS
BASIC SCREEN EDITOR
• Full documentation
• Works on CoCo 1 , 2 & 3
• Add lines without renumbering
MYDOS by Chris Hawks
• Simplify your directory ' ;
• Accesses double sided drives
• Use J&M on CoCo 3
CoCo MAX by Colorware
• Specify II or III
• Includes high res interface
• Animation
• Printers supported include, R.S. 105, 106, 130: Star: & Epson
$49
$19. 9 5
$15
$78.«
(*2 shipping on software)
MONITORS
Sony KV-1311CR $449
• Vivid Color
• Vertically flat 13" screen
• Monitor/Trinitron TV with remote control
• 640 X 240 resolution at 15MHZ .37 mm Dot
pitch
• RGB analog & digital; TTL; and composite
inputs
• VCR inputs
• Cable to CoCo 3 $36
Regular *625
(M5 shipping)
SONYCPD-1310
• Monitors versions of KV-1311CR, above without
TV
Cable to CoCo 3 $36
$375
Regular *550
(MS shipping)
HARD DRIVE
20,000,000 Bytes
equivalent to 125 R.S. 501 's on line
micro stepping heads have 15 position per track
automatic temperature compensation realigns head every five minutes for
trouble free reads and writes
will also work with IBM & clones
•complete package includes 20 meg drive, case & power supply, controller,
and interface that plugs into slot #3 of multipack interlace. (j*£QQ 00
1 year warranty ^05#5/w
(5 ship)
BASIC driver lets you access this hard drive without need for OS-9 $49.95.
Howard Medical Computers 1690 N. Elston Chicago, IL 60622
ORDERS
(800) 443-1444
INQUIRIES AND ORDER STATUS
(312) 278-1440
Showroom Hours:
8:00 - 5:00 Mon. - Fri.
10:00 - 3:00 Sat.
WE ACCEPT; VISA • MASTERCARD • AMERICAN EXPRESS
C.O.D. OR CHECKS • SCHOOL RO.'S !^ pin 3? ar l es ar „ e ,0 ?lf, ta L e t \
APO and Canada order slightly higher.
SEE FRONT COVER
FOR OTHER DIECOM GAMES
■ — _ -
-:^• : J ^■.^^0■■•'
. • *. : v."..:'' 1 '
DR. PREBLE'S
PROGRAMS
Introducing PYRAMIX
for vpur Cotor Computer 5 !
PYRAMIX is a 100% machine language game written exclusively to take advantage of all the power in your 128K
CoCo 3. The colors are brilliant, the graphics sharp, the action hot.
P7BAMH features the finest in animation, graphics, aound eEEects and game play available today. It ""all
STfxtras you want, too. such as a pause option, RGB and CMP modes, keyboard or joystick play, help screen,
multiple skill level, and the ability to backup your disk.
Beat of all is the low price I Available today, for only $24.95 on diak + s/hl
Product of
ColorVenture
HI- BIH K tttt
'..r.fjPI : B I
And Liqfitning Strife.es!
LIGHTNING RAM DISC is the most versatile RAH disk for your 512K Color Computer 3! LIGHTNING RAM
DISK will allow you to use up to 4 mechanical drives and 2 RAM drivea simultaneously for a total of
6 Drives! This RAM DISK will also work simultaneously with our amazing LIGHTNING PRINTER SPOOLER!
$19.95 on disk + s/b.
LIGHTNING PRINTER SPOOLER for the 128K or 5121 Color Computer 3. Multitask your computer? Dump
more than 400K of text to the spooler "instantly." Then, continue your keyboard work while it all
prints out! Also compatible with our LIGHTNING RAM DISK above. $14.95 on diak + s/h.
LIGHTNING BACKUP utility for your 512K Color Computer 3 reads your maater diak once and then makes
superfast multiple disk backups on all your drives! No need to format blank disks. Supports 35, 40
or 80 t racks, double or single sided disks and adjustable step rate. $14.95 on disk + s/h.
Order all 5 for only $44.95 • s-'h m
0
_r 1 1 pi f>
LEVEL: I
i
0 0 0 0
<PmJ3 INC)
i HI'
BASIC FREEDOM! No one wants to be chained down. And
yet, if you type in BASIC programs, you have been
subject to involuntary servitude! The culprit?
BASIC's limited EDIT command.
Demand Your BASIC FREEDOM! Programed by Chris BabCock for ColorVenture. this software gives you a
full screen editor for typing in and editing BASIC programs! Move the cursor anywhere on the screen.
Insert, delete or add text. It's the same concept as in a word processor, except you never have to
leave BASIC! BASIC FREEDOM is an invisible machine language program which you can turn on and ott at
will Even nresainH RESET will not hurt your BASIC FREEDD0M1 Simple, yet powerful with an easy to
real' manual! Man? extra "nice touches" included, like KEY REPEAT and LOWERCASE INTERPRETER which
Sets ycTt?pe BASIC commands in upper or lower case for ease of programming. Translation to
uppercase is automatic for commands. Text in quotes is not affected. y Qf ^ Q j £ 0| . .3 |
SPECIAL COCO 3 VERSION lets you work in 32, 40, or 80 column display modes. A separate version is
available for the CoCo 1 and 2. Available on diak for $24.95 + s/h.
MENTAL FREEDOM by Dr. Preble! IMAGINE! Some day, a computer so advanced that it responds to your
^Ty-thoughts and emotions. Imagine, some day, thought-controlled graphics; levitation and
materialization! PLUG IN YOUR MIND and UNHOOK YOUR JOYSTICKS that day is now! The Radio Shack
Color Computer has many advanced capabilities, just waiting to be tapped. Dr. P^ble s Programs
combines the advanced technology of the CoCo with the amazing Radio Shack Biofeedback Monitor to
bring you "Mental Freedoa." f or £ 0 £q 2 Or 5
THOOGHT-CONTROLLED VIDEO CHALLENGE? Unlike any video game you have ever played, ou ^ r J^8^^
tests your ability to handle stress, to remain calm under adverae circumstances. LIwmilNk r«u
reflexes will do you no good here, unless you first tame the fickle dragon of your mind. Are ypu the
secrecy nervous type? Many people can keep a "Poker Face" even when they are worried so that
outers may nTnoticefTut can you'really stop the worry itself? Find out with Mental Freedom!
AND IT TALKS I Did you know that the CoCo can produce incredibly realistic digital speech without a
special speech synthesizer? The voice quality is so good, it sounds human! Ho ne«t. Beat of all, no
extra hardware is needed for speech, just some clever programming by Dr. Preble.
MENTAL FRBEDOH - Next time your friends ssk what your computer can do, show
them Dr Preble's Thoughtware! Requires Radio Shack's Biofeedback Monitor
Catalogue #63-675. Mental Freedoa - DISK only $24.95 + s/h
5I2JC topta! Voice
Recorder for your
CoCo i, 2. or 31
VDOS. the UnDISK: Save multiple programs in memory. Or save multiple graphic pictures in memory. Works with
or without a disk. Let's you SAVE, LOAD and KILL stored programs or graphics. DIRECTORY function lists
files gives the start, end and execution addresses of machine language programs and number of free bytes
remaining. Own a RAM diak without buying a disk drive! Requires 6« CoCo 1 or 2. Available on tape or disk
for $24.95 + shipping/handling. ^^^m fot" CoC'O 1 Ot" 2
VDUMP, for the UnDISK: Backup all your UnDISK filea to a single tape file for easy reloading A must for VDOS
users! On tape for $14.95 + shipping/handling.
* Record voice or any sound into RAM
* Record and playback at 2 speeds
* Save and Load voice to disk
* Select normal or high fidelity
* Record more than 2 minutes of speech if
you have a 51 2K CoCo 3
* Fully compatible with CoCo 1 and 2
* Features Sound Activated Playback.
Messages will playback automatically for
your family when any noise is made.
Could also scare off prowlers.
Vocal Freedom includes special cable.
Requires only s low cost amplifier <RS
cat. *277-1008) and any microphone.
On Disk, only $39-95 + s/h
Incorporate digitally recorded voices or
sound into your own programs. Requires
Vocal Freedom, above.
.disk, only $14.95 + s/h
VPRINT, for the UnDISK: Paper printout for UnDISK Directory.
Check, money order. Mastercard
Visa or C.OA for Shipping
in U.S./- or Canada odd tZ.SO,
-to other Countries, add tS.00.
On tape, $9.95 + shipping/handling.
VfSA
Check Motiey Order or
COD
Order from
Dr. Preble's Programs
6540 Outer Loop
Louisville, KY 40228
502) 969-/8/8
for CoCo
i, ? or 3>
1 a % 2 il <s T
Dress up your Bisk Directory
uith cotor Jut messages and-
benders. Create useful help
roessnqes Add tlxax pro-
fessional touch to your cre-
ations! '"Hvlij
for foMeztuQ} StmlatiM
Cote Propm, 11k
CoCoBraille
»
Emboss Grade 1 or Grade 2
Braille using your CoCo 1, 2
or 3 and a Brother Daisy Wheel
printer! Fast Print to
Braille conversion algorithm
converts word processor files,
program listings and dsta
file* into couch readable
Braille. For use by the blind
or the sighted. No knowledge
of the Braille code is
necessary. Just send print to
the program and out cornea
Braille! Note: The complex
Grade 2 conversion la very
good and though not always
perfect, quite readable.
Requires 64K or more. Brother
HR series printer or the IF- 50
interface series required.
Low Cost! Similar software
costs 3 times as much. Only
