July 1983
THE COLOR COMPUTER
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First Two Years 1
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A Quicksort For 0ti Co
30.95 Disk
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Grand Rapids, Ml 49505
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MODEMS
Hayes Smart Modem II
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PRINTERS
Smith Corona TPI
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CGP-115
$849
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835
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129
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Okldata 82A
Okldata 92
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Okldata 93
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DISK DRIVES
Tandon 40 Track
Color DR0
Color DR1
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CCR-81
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16K RAM Chips
64K RAM Chips
32K Mlcrobuffer Inline
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Prices subject to change without notice.
Not responsible for typographical errors.
TRS-80 Is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp.
SOFTWARE
(Tape Version)
Zaxxon 39.95
The King 26.95
Colorpede 29.95
Trapfall 27.95
Pac Attack 24.95
Ghost Gobbler 19.95
Planet Invasion 21.95
Color Zap 9.95
Rallrunner 21.95
Space Shuttle 28.95
Typing Tutor 19.95
Color Come 49.95
Telewriter 64 49.95
FHL Flex (Disk) 69.95
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P.O. Box 926
460 King Street
Littleton, MA 01 460
617-486-3193
free catalog
nder the Rainbow
COVER art © by Fred Crawford
Snowflakes In July?/ Robert Delbourgo 28
(Graphics) Remember, it's winter Down Under
MINIDOS Switches Programs/ Dr. Laurence Preble 44
(Utility) Keep two programs in memory at the same time!
Move Over Walt Disney/ Scott Bain 53
(Graphics) Now you can do your own animations
You Spent How Much?/./. D. Ray 60
(Home Help) Analyze and graph Home Finance
information
A Pot Of Disk/ Roger Schrag 71
(Disk Utility) A host of new utilities for your disk
Let's Get Dotto/ Daniel W. Phillips 83
(Game) Good old dot-to-dot hits CoCo
Baseball Statistics Made Easy/ Edward R. Carson 92
(Sports) This one does everything but buy you the peanuts
and Crackerjack
CoCo Meets The World/ Dennis Meixsell 106
(Hardware) Hook CoCo up to all sorts of things
Not Just A Sorta Sort/C. J. S tear man 112
(Utility) A quick sorting program (First of two)
RAINBOWfest Report/7/m Reed 122
(Pictorial) A photo essay
WH A TZ IT?/ Randall Smith 124
(Word Game) A scrambled word game, that's what
The Snails Strike Back/ Fred Seer bo 138
(Game) We turn the tables on SNAIL INVADERS
Play It Again, Rainbow!/ From All Of Us 146
(Anniversary Special) A record of programs
Direct Disk Directory Directions/ Melvin Hefter 152
(Tutorial) How to use your disk directory
Shuffle Off In High-Res/ Phillip Beistel . , 196
(Game) Move those numbers around
Game Train/7/m Schmidt 202
(Game) A game and a memory trainer
CoCo To Go/ Richard Giovanoni 218
(Construction) Build a portable computer center
Las Vegas CoCo?/ Linda Nielson 226
(Statistics) Probable probability problems proven
practical
RAINBUG Ml/ Dan Downard 234
(Utility) More on our ML monitor
Rainbow Memory Map/ Bob Russell 254
(Special) CoCo's most complete memory map — Part 1
Printout At PMODE4/ Joseph Kohn 262
(Printers) Dot graphics for Epson and Microline
Speak Up, CoCo/ John Kelty 275
(Hardware) Words from a chip
Rainbow's Index/ Leslie A. Foster 290
(Special) A complete index to our first two years
Due to family illness, Dennis Lewandowski's Assembly
Corner does not appear this month. It will return in August.
THE PIPELINE CONTAINS AN EXCLUSIVE FIRST PREVIEW OF THE NEW
TRS-80 MC-10 MICRO COLOR COMPUTER
Departments
Letters To Rainbow/ Our Readers 6
PRINT #-2 J Lawrence C. Falk 13
Editor's Notes
Building July's Rainbow/7/w Reed 14
A many-hued preview to this month's issue.
Charlie's Machine/ Charles J. Roslund 18
How to make ROM calls easily
About Your Subscription 232
Back Issue Information 284
CoCo Counsel/ Tom Nelson 36
Successful Software Submissions
Submitting Material To Rainbow 70
Rainbow Scoreboard 90
Education Notes/S/eve Blyn 130
Teaching kids to fill out forms
Basic Training/ Joseph Kolar 148
Learn by taking programs apart
The Pipeline/ S/tf/f. 164
A special look at a new (PoCo) CoCo
Using Graphics/ Inman 168
Making circles and arcs
Turn Of The Screw/ Tony DiStefano 176
Making a ROM Port "Y" Adapter
The Dragon's Byte/ Bill Nolan, 178
Combat and CoCo
Bits And Bytes Of Basic/ Richard White 183
Text entry routines
Received And Certified 224
GameMaster's Apprentice/ Bob Albrecht 248
A character-finder program
Greetings From Uncle Bert/ Dale Peterson 285
Our new column on LOGO — for kids and their parents
Corrections 288
RAINBOW Info 298
Advertiser Index 306
Product Reviews
64K Disk Utilities 284
Alcatraz II 232
CoCo Accountant 82
Data-Comp FLEX 240
Datamail 166
Dollars & Sense 300
Dungeons of Daggorath 220
EPROM Programmer 70
Fastape 221
FHL FLEX 240
Filmastr 231
Fraction Math Quiz 167
The Frog 233
Function Graphing Module 16
Grafplot 158
Home Interest Calculator 50
Home Money Manager 42
Intoduction To Data
Communications 24
McCoCo's Menu 300
Moneypak 300
Morocco Gran Prix 222
Planet Invasion 223
Robottack 233
Scramble 43
Spectral FLEXPLUS 240
Stock Option Strategies 201
TRS-80 Programmer's
Sourcebook 297
NEXT MONTH: Football season starts soon, and the August Rainbow will be in the thick
of it, with a football game. You can start training early. Also, an excellent new column for
educators to go with our fine new LOGO offering.
The memory map will be back — for Part II. It is really a big one and will be with us for a
couple more months, yet. And, perhaps, a very special report.
Plus . . . some more music, more games and just more of everything — programs, reviews,
and information on CoCo than you can possibly find anywhere else. Don't miss August's
Rain bowl
The Rainbow
Lawrence C. Falk
Editor
James E. Reed
Managing Editor
Courtney Noe
Associate Editor
Dan Downard
Technical Editor
Sally Nichols
Art Director
Jerry McKiernan
Assistant Art Director
Valarie Edwards
Jutta Kapfhammer
Suzanne Kurowsky
Editorial Assistants
Bob Albrecht
Steve Blyn
Tony DiStefano
Don Inman
Joseph Kolar
Dennis Lewandowski
Bill Nolan
Dale Peterson
Charles Roslund
Dick White
Contributing Editors
Charlotte Ford
Advertising Manager
Patricia H. Hirsch
General Manager
Donna Shuck
Bookkeeper
Ivanka Kleier
Customer Service Manager
Deidra Henry
Tanya Holder
Monica Wheat
Research Assistants
Wendy Falk
Transportation
The Rainbow is published every month of the year by
FALSOFT, INC., 9529 U.S. Highway 42, P.O. Box 209,
Prospect. KY, 40059. Phone (502) 228-4492. The
RAINBOW and the Rainbow logotypes are *
Trademarks of FALSOFT, Inc.
Second class postage pending at Louisville, KY.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to .teintew,
P.O. Box 209, Prospect, KY 40059. Fowarding Postage
Guaranteed.
Entire contents © by FALSOFT, Inc.. 1983. The
RAINBOW is intended for the private use and pleasure
of its subscribers and purchasers and reproduction by
any means is prohibited. Use of informal ion herein is for
the single end use of purchasers and any other use is
expressly prohibited. All programs herein are
distributed in an "as is" basis, without warranty of any
kind whatsoever.
TRS-80, Color Basic, Extended Color Basic, Scripsit
and Program Pak are ® trademarks of the Tandy Corp.
CompuServe is a « Trademark of CompuServe Inc.
Subscriptions to the RAINBOW are $22 per year in the
United States. Canadian and Mexican rates art* U.S. $29.
Surfacemail to other countries is U.S. $57, airmail U.S.
$85. All subscriptions begin with the next available
issue.
Limited back issues are available. Please se*e notice
for issues which are in print and costs. Payment
accepted by VISA, MasterCard. American Express,
Cash, Check or Money Order in United States currency
only.
letters to
PAINT 15L: NEW
Editor:
I would like to share with your readers
a discovery I have made.
I use and move my computer quite a
bit. Hence, there are several places on it
where the paint has worn off. A local
Radio Shack dealer told me to try an
automotive touch up paint.
I found that General Motors makes a
color called "Silver Sand," code 1 5L. It
is a perfect match. A company named
Dupli-Color markets it in spray cans.
Dupli -Color's code isDS-GM 326. Now
my CoCo looks newagain!
Frank Cerra
Kansas City, MO
RAY LIKES HIS K'
Editor:
1 received a CoCo for Christmas and got
your magazine in January. Your monthly
editions have helped me a great deal in
understanding different areas of the ma-
chine, but what I really want to know is how
to gain full usefulness of the memory in my
machine.
I have the new version of the CoCo with
the "F board. What I want to know is why
can't I access the full 64K of my chips, and
would it be possible to piggyback a set of
64K. chips to expand my memory to 64K
Extended plus 128 with a DOS. Please help.
Raymond Wise
Stuart, FL
Editor 's Note: The 6809 Processor has
16 address lines and therefore can
address 64K bytes. You have to have
an operating system to tell the proces-
sor what to do, such as BASIC. This
operating system occupies memory.
Therefore the maximum memory
accessible is = (64 K — operating sys-
tem). In the case of Extended BASIC
this )eavesy ou32K of user memory as
the BASIC ROMs occupy the top
32K.
64 K may be better utilized by some
of the more sophisticated disk systems
and software such as FLEX but at no
time can you access more than 64 K.
BENJAMINS BORDER
Editor:
I enjoyed the article by Ray Gauvreau to
put a border around the CoCo screen. I have
a I6K standard Color BASIC and was dis-
appointed to read that Ray's program
required ECB.
However, with the help of the instruc-
tion manual, I made the following changes
6 ihe'RAlNBOW July 1983
▲
IN
and ran the program successfully.
30 POKE 275,63: POKE 276,224
HO IF BN>32767 THEN 100
I20 CLS (RND(8)):X=USR(BN)
140 X=USR(BN)
!60X=USR(BN-3)
I had to save the entire program since
Color BASIC will not save
machine language. Also, if you
BREAK after the first RUN, you need to
enter RUN 100. Entering RUN will get a SN
error.
I spent several hours playing with this
program and trying different com-
binations.
I would like to see more articles for Color
BASIC. I do enjoy your magazine.
Benjamin W. Brunotte
Beaumont, TX
LET ME COUNT THE WAYS
Editor:
I thought the review of Gazon in your
April issue was fair, but there are two things
I would like to clear up. First, the game does
not require Extended BASIC. Second, you
can fire in 32 directions, not eight.
David A . Sweet
(Author of Gazon)
Carmel, IN
DISCOVERED BY OCCIDENT
Editor:
With regard to the letter from Mr. R.W.
Odlin in your April issue in which he des-
cribes theapparentlyaccidentaldiscovery of
Japanese characters while using his CGP
1 15 with the Telewriter 64 direct printer con-
trol command: He must have had DIP
switch 4 set to the special characters position
and then entered the Hex values for the Jap-
anese Kanacharacterset directly to the print-
er buffer via the Direct control code com-
mand.
The Japanese Kana character set will be
selected in the codes AO(Hex) through
DF(Hex). This character set is also imple-
mented in the Radio Shack LPV111 if DIP
switch 8 is set to the closed position.
I would like to congratulate you on the
truly excellent quality of your magazine. It is
marketed locally through Atlantic News,
which carries the best selection of computer
publications to be found in Canada. I would
also like to compliment Ms. Sally Nichols
and Mr. Jerry McKiernan on the outstand-
ing job they have done in producing your
new format. It's absolutely super.
Wishing you every success with your fine
publication.
Andrew Gorman
Halifax, N.S. Canada
OW
RAINBOWFEST
Editor:
I am not one to write letters to magazines,
but I felt compelled to write this one. I want
to thank Rainbow magazine for the wonder-
ful time I had at R AINBOWfest. I didn't set
up a booth for the show as I didn't really
expect that many people to trek to Chicago
for a computer show. Boy, was I wrong! If
anything would be living proof of the solid-
arity of the CoCo, it was what took place
April 22-24 in the Hyatt-Regency Woodfield
in Schammburg. It was great to see the aisles
packed with fellow CoCo users and a real
pleasure to meet my fellow CoCo advertis-
ers. Though RAINBOWfest would have
been very profitable for my company, that
would rate a poor second to the experience
that I will remember from it. I want to thank
you again and am anxiously awaiting
RAINBOWfest II. And you can bet that I
will have a booth at that one!
Bob Rosen
President, Spectrum Projects
Woodhaven, NY
Editor:
Congratulations, kudos and a thousand
thank yous for RAINBOWfest. A success
and a pleasure for all involved.
John and Linda Nielsen
Moreton Bay Software
Santa Barbara, CA
Editor:
Just wanted to drop you a short note
thanking you for sponsoring the RAIN-
BOWfest. My wife and I learned much . . .
and had an excellent time doing it.
We will certainly look forward to the next
one!
Again . . . thank you!
Len Baas
Traverse City, MI
Editor:
It was really a pleasure meeting you and
some of the other staff members at RAIN-
BOWfest. Everyone I spoke with thoroughly
enjoyed it. It's hard to imagine how many
people will show up for nextyear's once they
find out how much fun they missed.
Gerry Schechter
Yonkers, NY
Editor:
Thank you and all of the participants at
RAINBOWfest who made the show such a
success. The vendors who were there were all
very pleasant and most helpful. I am writing
to express my special thanks publicly to Paul
and Susan Petrocci of Petrocci Freelance.
Their kindness and consideration to me per-
sonally far exceeded that which could be
expected of them to extend to a total
stranger. I look forward to seeing them
again, together with all of the Rainbowpeo-
pie at next year's show — wherever the Rain*
bow touches down again.
Thomas P. Daly
Waukegan, JL
LOST RONG
Editor:
Your reviews of our products Electricity
Consumption Moniter and LLIST-Rite
were more than we expected. In both cases,
the reviewers had done their homework pro-
grammatically as well as operationally, with
the result of providing prospective purchas-
ers very accurate information on which to
base their buy decision. Well done, and
thanks to your reviewers for a few compli-
ments along the way.
I would like to point out that the sample
output from the LLIST-Rite utility on page
204 is not correct. It does represent how
LLIST-Rite separates complex program state-
ments, but shows each line break with a new
line number and '(comment). Apparently,
either the author oryourstaff used the ROM
LLIST function to simulate how LLIST-
Rite works, but forgot to remove the line
numbers and '.
Finally, add my name to the growing list
of folks in this business who view the Rain-
bow as not just the best Color Computer
magazine, but the best computer informa-
tion source of its kind!
Tom Mardis
Owner, CoCoDATA Enterprises
Orlando, FL
NO TIRARING PIEDRAS, PLEASE
Editor;
The Spanish One software reviewer in
April Rainbow gets an "F" in Spanish.
In Spanish, they do use "yo," a nomina-
tive pronoun as an object of a preposition,
e.g., "entre usted y yo."
The reviewer translates "Buenos Dias" as
"Hello." Maybe so, but in actual use it is
used only in the morning before noon. Does
shethink we only read Rainbow in the morn-
ing? You might say "Good Morning" in a
morning newspaper, but not in a monthly
magazine.
"Programa" doesn't end in an "e." It's an
exception to the rules. It's a masculine noun
from Greek, not Latin, and ends in an "a."
The reviewer should learn this sentence:
"Los que viven en casas de vidrio, no deben
tirar piedras."
Literal translation: "Those who live in
houses of glass, should not throw rocks."
Conrad Kirksey
Houston, TX
HINTS N'TIPS
Editor:
In the April issue, a letter from Max
Shank indicated that he was unable to run
the VN1DA TFL program (June, 1 982 issue)
in the upper 64K section using my program
(January, 1983 issue) for relocating BASIC
programs to the upper 64 K section of RAM,
thus allowing for more data to be stored for
the program.
In order for UN I DATFL to work in the
upper 64K section of RAM, you have to
delete step I which has a "GOTO 4000"
statement. Steps 4000 and 4010 contain a
subroutine for relocating UN IDA TFL start-
ing at &H0E1 8 and since you want the pro-
gram to remain in the upper section of
RAM, this subroutine must be avoided by
deleting step I of the program.
The above correction will allow you to
increase the number of records to be stored.
Therefore, line 60 of UN IDA TFL could be
changed to read: "CLEAR 25000: D=500:
DIM N$(D)."
Jorge Mir
New Berlin, WI
Editor:
I want to thank Roger Schrag for his two
patches to EDTASM+. That in itself more
than paid for my subscription to the
Rainbow.
I would like to offer a short patch to his
that will print the disk directory when a L or
W command is entered. I found myself for-
getting the files I had on the disk and this
seems to have solved the problem.
Insert these lines after line 100 (FN AME
PSHS U) of the original program.
PSHS DP,X,Y
CLRA
STA >$006F RESET SCREEN-
PRINTER SWITCH
TFR A, DP CLEAR DP REGIS-
TER
JSR SCBCF DIR ROM ROU-
TINE
PULS DP,X,Y
Reassemble the program following the
instructions in Roger Schrag's article.
Craig Lev an g
Anoka, MN
CHAIRMAN OF D' BOARD
Editor:
Asauthor of the March article"64K Mod-
ification For 4 D' Board," I have been over-
whelmed with the response from your read-
ers. Many express thanks for the modi-
fication described. Unfortunately, a few
people have had problems getting the con-
version to work. I've attempted to answer all
questions as rapidly as possible (usually
within one day). Some difficulties are to be
expected with any article on hardware modi-
fications.
Difficulties experienced fall into three
general categories:
1) Using the described D-Board modifica-
tion or 4 E' or even 4 F' series CoCo boards.
The modification can work on these boards
although not exactly as described.
2) Not making all the changes indicated. It
simply won't work if all the wires are not
connected or if the jumper blocks haven't
been reconfigured.
3) Simply not understanding the article
because of no familiarity with the CoCo or
electronics wiring. I think it's great that
some of you tried, even without this know-
ledge. That's how progress is made. I'll cer-
tainly do what I can to help you out.
If you're having difficulty, by all means,
write me at 113 Boone Road, 15085. Des-
cribe the problem as completely as you can.
Include a sketch of the modifications you
installed. Include a checklist showing that all
steps described in the article were com-
pleted. Include a self addressed stamped
envelope. If you are in a hurry, call me at
(412)373-3363 after6 p.m. EST. Have your
CoCo open in front of you when you call.
Brian H. Alsop
Trafford, PA
ABUNCHA BBS'S
Editor:
Dr. D's CoCo Corner is a new Bulletin
Board Service for the Color Computer. I
would very much appreciate it if you would
publish my BBS number in your magazine,
as I do subscribe, and recommend it to ail
my BBS users. This BBS runs 24 hours a
day; we supper! upload and download. My
BBS phone number is (904) 456-7195.
Gary Dunsford, Sysop
Pensacola, FL
Editor:
Tom Mix Software is pleased to announce,
that we are now running a 24 hour bulletin
board. The board is a total dedication to the
Color Computer and will carry programs for
downloading for the Color Computer.
We, like most boards, are looking -for
good public domain programs that will be
uploaded to the system.
Our 24 hour BBS number is (616)
364-8217. J>
Tom Mix Software
Grand Rapids, MI
Editor:
I have set up a CoCo BBS in Morgan-
town, W.Va., called the Mountaineer Soft-
line. It is open 24 hours a day, seven days a
week. The phone number is (304) 599-0760. 1
would also like to compliment you on your
fine magazine and I love how you have
grown.
Wallace Colyer
Morgantown, WV
Editor:
J would like to use your excellent publica-
tion to inform everyone of a new Bulletin
Board Service in Arlington, Mass. I am run-
ning the Color-80 (Silicon Rainbow pro-
ducts) BBS system on my 64K Color Com-
puter. It is up 24 hours a day at 300 baud.
The number is (617) 646-6809.
Also associated with this, I have formed a
Color Computer user's group for the Boston
area. Those wishing details can log onto the
BBS or write to me directly at 3 Acton
Street, 02174.
Greg Moore
Arlington, MA
July 1983 theRASHKQW 7
KUDOS
Editor:
Has, it really been two years? Who would
believe that the little four page photocopy
woulcj turn into the finest magazine availa-
ble for any computer. Just when I think I
have finally gotten nearly all the way
through an issue, the next one arrives, even
better than the last!
Keep up the great work. I am proud to
have played some small part in your fine
efforts.
Fred B. Scerbo, President
Illustrated Memory Banks
Williamstown, MA
Editor:
1 want to congratulate you on your new
look. Rainbow is already a good magazine,
but now it is also a very professional looking
magazine. It seems right at home on the
newsstand.
Jack Gurner
Memphis, TN
ORG! THAT'S CONFUSING
Editor:
I have been experiencing difficulties with
Radio Shack's EDTASM+ cartridge. When
certain assembly language programs are
entered into the editor, it seems to get the
labels confused. On assembling the pro-
gram, the editor returns a "Multiply Defined
Symbol" error as it reaches every label. I
have run into this problem several times, but
only on three programs. Otherwise,
EDTASM+ works perfectly.
A lan A . Farmer
Charlottesville, VA
Editor's Note: The problem you are
having is due to a double symbol table
being accessed due to the location of
your in-memory assembly. Try a dif-
ferent ORG statement.
CLUBS, CLUBS, CLUBS
Editor:
Those interested in activities of the Alaska
Color Computer User's Group should write
me at 816 N. Pine, #2, Anchorage, Alaska,
99504 or call (907) 274-5778.
Rick McDannel
Anchorage, A K
Editor:
1 am interested in forming a Color Com-
puter user's group in the Iowa City area.
Interested people may contact me at R. R.
#6, The Woods, Iowa City, Iowa, 52240.
1 think you have a very fineand necessary
publication, keep it running.
S.P. C ha pier
Iowa City, J A
Editor:
I have received the Rainbow for several
months now and each month just gets better
and better. I am impressed with the quality
and professionalism of your articles. In
addition, on the one occasion when I had a
problem that I couldn't solve and called for
help, your staff was both courteous and suc-
cessful in helping me contact the person I
needed to talk to. Your magazine is read
from cover to cover each and every month
both by myself and by my students at the
school where I teach.
I would like to announce the formation of
our user's group here in our area. We are
called the Mil-O-Bar Color Computer Club.
We anticipate a turnout of around 35 at our
next meeting. We meet on the last Thursday
of each month at Ona Junior High School
We welcome any and all who are interested.
In addition, we would like to exchange ideas
with other clubs on by-laws, newsletters, etc.
Call me at (304) 743-4752 or Barry Huff-
stutler at 743-5356. Please call on Wednes-
day, Thursday or Friday.
Jim Lemaster
Milton, WV
Editor:
We are calling our user's group Ogden
C0C0 and Rainbow readers are welcome to
exchange newsletters or otherwise contact
us by writing to 4535 S. 2600 W., 84067.
Kathy Rush
Roy, UT
Editor:
The Color Computer Club of Sarasota
meets the last Thursday of every month at
7:30 p.m. at 4047 Bee Ridge Road, Sarasota,
Fla., 33582.
Interested C0C0 and TDP-100 users are
welcome to attend or to contact me at (8 1 3)
921-7510.
Ernie Bontrager
Sarasota, FL
Editor:
I am pleased to announce the organiza-
tion of a Color Computer Club in the greater
Birmingham area. Anyone interested should
write me at P.O. Box 335, Gardendale, Ala.,
35071 , or call (205) 631-3320 or 798-2355.
I would also like to compliment you on
the continuing excellence of your magazine.
Joseph Bell, Jr.
Gardendale, AL
Editor:
I recently purchased a Signalman modem
for my C0C0. I also purchased the Color-
corn/ E software cartridge to accompany the
modem. My only problem is thatthe modem
has a DB-25 male connector and my C0C0
has a 4 pin serial I/O socket. The man I
bought the modem from said, "You have to
buy an adapter to use it on your computer."
So I called everywhere I could think of and
everybody said that they never heard of that
kind of adapter. Can anybody help me find
one?
I also would like to try to start a C0C0
user's club in the Linden/Rahway area.
Anyone interested please contact me at 73 B
Wavecrest Avenue, 07036, or call (201)
925-1827.
Bud Lavin
Winfield, NJ
Editor:
We are pleased to announce the Metro-
politan Greenville Color Computer Club
formed in January of this year and already
almost 50 members strong.
The MGCCC serves the interests of pres-
ent and prospective C0C0 owners in the
entire western South Carolina region. As a
group, we are totally committed to compu-
ter literacy among ourselves and within the
community. Members enjoy a lively ex-
change of computing information, free lan-
guage, programming and hardware tutorials
as well as a biweekly club newsletter.
Meetings are held every Tuesday at 7:30
p.m. in the Plain Elementary School, Simp-
sonville, S.C.
Anyone wanting more information about
this dynamic organization may contact me
at any time at (803) 876-3928 or -3812, or
write.
Ed Lowe
Gray Court, SC
Editor:
Any C0C0 owners in the Bloomington-
Normal, 111., area, interested in starting a
user's group, SIG, etc., please contact me at
1 84 Southgate Estates, Bloomington, 111., or
phone (309) 828-4671.
Ray Myers
Bloomington, IL
Editor:
I would like to announce the formation of
a TRS-80 Computer Club in southwest
Oklahoma. As of this writing, we have 32
members. Anyone needing additional infor-
mation can call me at (405) 355-7254, or the
Secretary of the group, Cebe Mayse, at (405)
536-1907. We are currently calling ourselves
S.L.U.G. (Southern Lawton Users Group).
Dan Goddard
Geronimo, OK
Editor:
Those in the Louisvilleand southern Indi-
ana area who would like to get a Color
Computer Club started should contact me at
2603 Garden Lake Lane, 40220, or call (502)
491-1853.
Roger Idstrom
Louisville, KY
Editor's Note: Roger, read on.
Editor:
We are forming a Color Computer group
in the Louisville area, and would like very
much to hear from anyone interested in join-
ing us. For more information, contact me at
2820 Del Rio Place #27, 40220.
Stephen Hess
Louisville, KY
Editor:
J am interested in forming a C0C0 Club in
the Kannapolis/Concord/Salisbury area in
North Carolina. All C0C0 owners interested
please contact me at 2419 Lane St., 2808 1 or
call (704) 932-6653.
Mike Mundy
Kannapolis, NC
8 the RAINBOW July 1983
COLORSOFT™ BUSINESS SOFTWAR
AT LAST! BUSINESS SOFTWARE DESIGNED FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
* MAKE YOUR COLOR COMPUTER A WORKING BUSINESS PARTNER *
★ ALL PROGRAMS ARE MENU DRIVEN AND USER FRIENDLY *
* PROFESSIONALLY WRITTEN AND FULLY TESTED *
* AFTER-THE SALE SUPPORT ★
COLORSOFT 1 " 1 GENERAL LEDGER
COLORSOFT lm General Ledger Is Ideal for the small business man who
wants to take advantage of the time saving benefits of computerized account-
ing procedures. This package Is designed for the businessman who Is
knowledgable of accounting principles and who wants a computerized
accounting system with greater user control. The features and options of this
package compare favorably to higher priced software.
FEATURES
** 4 USER FRIENDLY AND FULLY MENU DRIVEN
— UP TO 96 USER DEFINABLE RECORD CATEGORIES "*
*" USER FLEXIBILITY IN ACCOUNT DESIGN AND ENTRIES "'
DETAILED USER S MANUAL WITH SAMPLE TRANSACTIONS "*
APPROXIMATELY 800 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/PAYABLE FILES "*
"•STYLED FOR THE ACCOUNTANT/BOOKKEEPING ORIENTED USER"*
"* MENU PROMPTS MAKE ENTRIES EASY, FAST, AND EFFICIENT "*
COLORSOFT tm General Ledger Is an Integrated, journal-type double entry
accounting package (or a small business that Includes General Ledger,
Accounts Payable, and Accounts Receivable programs. Outputs of the system
Include an income statement, balance sheet, accounts payable and receivable
status lists, accounts payable and receivable aging reports, Journal reports,
account listing and a closing summary. During each user established account-
ing period (monthly, quarterly, annually, etc.), It will handle accounts of up to
$1,000,000.00 for approximately BOO accounts paysble/recelvable. Accounts
are automatically numbered and each transaction Is carried separately so that
an account number will correspond to a specific purchase rather than a
specific vendor/customer.
Requires 16K and a Single Disk Drive.
PRICE: $129.95
COLORSOFT 1 " 1 SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING
The COLORSOFT tm Small Business Accounting package Is Ideal for the
small businessman who wants to take advantage of the time saving benefits of
computerized accounting procedures. This package Is designed with Ihls
person In mind and as such, extensive computer or accounting experience Is
not required. The feature and options of thlspackage are comparable to much
higher priced software.
FEATURES
USER FRIENDLY AND FULLY MENU DRIVEN 444
USER DOES NOT NEED TO BE AN ACCOUNTANT
UP TO 32 USER DEFINABLE RECORD CATEGORIES "*
444 DETAILED USER'S MANUAL WITH SAMPLE TRANSACTIONS *"
444 USER IS PROMPTED FOR COMPANION ENTRIES AS REQUIRED 444
APPROXIMATELY 800 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/PAYABLE FILES "*
444 MENU PROMPTS MAKE ENTRIES EASY, FAST, AND EFFICIENT
COLORSOFT * m Small Business Accounting Is an Integrated, ledgerless
accounting package for a small business that Includes Accounts Payable,
Accounts Receivable, Sales, and Purchase Order.programs. Outputs of the
system Include an Income statement, balance sheet, check register, accounts
payable and receivable status lists, and accounts payable and receivable
aging reports. During each user established accounting period (monthly,
quarterly, annually, etc.), It will handle sales of up to $1,000,000.00 snd
approximately 800 accounts payable/receivable. Accounts are automatically
numbered and each transaction Is carried separately such that an account
number will correspond to a specific purchase rather than a specific
vendor/customer.
Requires 16K and a Single Disk Drive.
PRICE: $149.95
COLORSOFT 1 " 1 MANAGEMENT SKILLS
SERIES I: BEING BOSS
"BEING BOSS" Is a collection of six programs and Is the first In an ongoing
series of computer ssslsted management development tools. Those who can
benefit Include corporate executives, managers, heads of teams, group leaders,
supervisors, toremans, teachers, and parents. In fact, anyone who must take a
leadership role can benefit from these programs.
A. REFLECTIONS - a self evaluation guide
B. ASSERTIVENESS - taking control as a leader
C. MANAGEMENT STYLES - how to approach the leadership role
D. DECISION MAKING - how to handle decision making
E. COUNSELING - helping others solve personal problems
F. STRESS CONTROL - taking care of yourself
Each program Is In a multiple choice questionnaire format where the user Is
q uerrled as to a responseto a specified management situation. Tutorials help the
user learn new management skills and Insights. The programs Include voice
annotation from theauthor, Mr. Terry Barker. "BEING BOSS" Is based In parton
his forthcoming management books "BOSS TALK" and "THEORY C."
The series, "BEING BOSS",ofters to the user the latest In management skill
development concepts and should prove to be an Invaluable TOOL for anyone
who wishes to reach their full potentlalas a leader. The author has condensed
week long Intensive workshop msterlal Into this outstanding package. The
accompanying user's manual is very well written and Is easily understood by
anyone.
Requires 16K and cassette.
PRICE $89.95
COLORSOFT 1 " 1 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
COLORSOFT * m Accounts Receivable Is a full stand-alone accounts receiva-
ble system. It Is also suited for Integration Into the COLORSOFT tm Small
Business Accounting package. Accounts Recelvabledoea not require the user
to be an accountant; In fact, this Is a highly user friendly system designed for
dally use by the small businessman. The features and options of this system
compare favorably with much higher priced software.
FEATURES
4 4 4 PROVIDES ACCOUNT AUDIT TRAIL 444
444 ACCOUNTS ARE CARRIED BY CUSTOMER •'•
4 4 4 USER FRIENDLY AND FULLY MENU DRIVEN "*
4 4 4 PREPARES INVOICES AND MAILING LABELS 444
444 USER DOES NOT NEED TO BE AN ACCOUNTANT ■"•
444 DETAILED USER'S MANUAL WITH SAMPLE TRANSACTIONS —
444 MENU PROMPTS MAKE ENTRIES EASY, FAST, AND EFFICIENT 444
COLORSOFT tm Accounts Receivable provides the user with detailed audit
trails and history flies on all transactions by a customer. It also prepares
Invoices, mailing labels, aging lists, customer history reports, and an alphabet-
ized 4 customer listing. The user can define discount/net terms for commercial
accounts and finance charge and minimum payments for revolving accounts-
Requires 16K and a Single Disk Drive.
PRICE: $89.95
USER'S MANUALS WITHOUT PROGRAM $20.00 EACH (Refunded on Purchase)
INCLUDE: $2.25 Handling Per Order WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
BRANTEX, INC.
COLOR SOFTWARE SERVICES DIV.
BUSINESS SOFTWARE GROUP
P.O. BOX 1708, DEPT. R
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401
TELEPHONE ORDERS
(214) 454-3674
COD/VISA/MASTERCARD
ATTENTION DEALERS: WE OFFER THE BEST DEALER PLANS AVAILABLE
Fast Machine Code • Hi-res Color Graphics • Exciting Arcade Action and Sound
FefflbotS/^tievenge
BE VON D THE CIMEEON MOON
TM
TH
3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
Make love not war? Not with these sultry FEMBOTS! What a
tale you'll tell IF you live to tell it! Cold steel never felt so HOT!
The color and excitement of ARCADE ACTION combined
with the sophistication, intellectual challenge and skill of an
ADVENTURE GAME doesn't fully describe this cosmic
shoot'em up.
16K Tape $29.95
32K Disk $34.95
* * »
* m
***** f *~f * I *
Z.-J-l-l- J'
* • *
TM
by Tom Czarnecki
The ONLY Ms. game around. A
must for your PAC-like game
collection.
16K Tape $19.95
16K Disk $24.95
TRS-80 is a trademark ol Tandy Corp.
by Kevin Herrboldt & Tim Nelson
3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
A dead star ... A derlict vessel ... or is it? Trapped
within you must venture the corridors; defend yourself
against the merciless gauntlet of agents of the machine
mind. A real-time, high-res, 3-D science fiction
adventure game of mind-blowing magnitude.
16K Tape $24.95 32K Disk $29.95
Hduenfure
Critogy™,
by Kevin Herrboldt & Tim Nelson
3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
Clash steel with thy foe in the arena of gore. Proved
worthy, go in quest of the elusive Eye of Dazmor. If ye
f indest the orb, hast ye the might to ward off skem and
the fortitude to restore the Eye? The ultimate high-res,
3-D quest for even the most experienced adventurer!
16K Tape $24.95 32K Disk $29.95
Fast Machine Code • Hi-res Color Graphics • Exciting Arcade Action and Sound
JIHTEHCEPTQH
by Scott Snyder
Goes beyond "DEFENDER"
and "STARGATE" to offer the
most realistic ARCADE
simulation possible. Warp
speed action, multi-colored
terrain and long-range viewer
make this game tops.
16K Tape $19.95
32K Disk $24.95
TM
THE
by Dan Nelson
Why fly to VEGAS when you can have a
casino at home" The VEGAS GAMEPAK is
five action packed games with great
graphics & sound. SLOT MACHINE -
BLACKJACK - UP AND DOWN THE RIVER
- CRAPS & KENO.
16K Tape $19.95 1 6K Disk $24.95
TM
O
O
TM
by Tom Czarnecki
Fast paced maze chase game will 16KTape $19.95
entertain the entire family. 16K Disk $24.95
ColorQuesf
A Division of Softlaw Corp. 612/881-2777
9072 Lyndale Ave. So., Minneapolis, MN 55420
AUTHORS' SUBMISSIONS ARE ENCOURAGED
Available at Dealers everywhere.
If you Dealer is out of stock ORDER DIRECT!
by Tom Czarnecki
Shades of smartbombs and hurtling comets! Defending
your planet from invasion was never so challenging.
Disruptor fire is your main defense against the fierce alien
attacks.
16K Tape $19.95 32K Disk $24.95
ORDERING
Customer service and product support call (61 2) 881-2777
Make checks or money orders payable to Nelson
Software Systems. Personal checks allow 3 weeks.
MAIL ORDERS: $2.00 U.S. Shipping ($4.00 CANADA
$10 OVERSEAS) Add $2.00 for C.O.D.
ORDERS SHIPPED SAME DAY!
TDP SYSTEM 100* / QUALITY DISCOUNT PRODUCTS / COLOR COMPUTER*
DISCOUNT PRICES / COMPARE / WE'RE FAST / ORDERS SHIPPED WITHIN 24 HR.
Software Specials 20% OFF
PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
Astrology
Fantasy Games (32K)
PETROCCI FREELANCE
Inspector CLUEseau
Stress
Weather Watch i
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
Space Shuttle (32K)
Trap Full
SOFT SECTOR MARKETING
Color Caterpiller
Master Control II
B-5 SOFTWARE
Clock
Money
Math Fact
ABCs
34.95
24.95
17.95
17.95
17.95
28.95
27.95
19.95
19.95
24.95
19.95
16.95
9.95
27.95
19,95
14.35
14.35
14.35
23.95
?2.95
15.95
15.95
19.95
15.95
13.95
7.95
Special]
64K R* MS
$49.95
Viking*
Gangbuster
Football
1 Ching
Numerology
Tarot
Trilogy (1 Ching.
Numerology. Tarot)
Phonics 1
PRICKLY-PEAR
19.95
19.95
19.95
19.95
9.95
19.95
39.95
24.95
SOFTWARE 15% OFF ALL LIST
16.95 Great Word Game* 19.95 16.95
16.95 Household Helper 19.95 16.95
16.95 Math Pack 1 19.95 16,95
16.95 Pre-Read 24.95 21.95*
1 6.95 Song Book (w/tapes) 29.95 25.95
16.95 Fantasy Games Pk 19.95 16.95
Las Vegas Weekend 24.95 2 1 .95
33.95 Phonics II 24.95 21.95
21.95 8-Bit Bartender 19.95 16.95
RADIO SHACK
64K Ext. Mod.
16K Ext.
Drive O
9V 2 " Tractor (3000 sh)
9 V 2 " Tractor (500 sh)
Computer Cassettes
Assorted ROM pkg.
MD Keyboard
King
Katerpiller
Protector
Astro Blast
Space Rider
TOM MIX
(32 K) 24.95
(32 K) 24.95
(32 K) 24.95
MARK DATA
24.95
24.95
375.00
279.00
449.00
24.95
5.95
.99
1 0% Off
59.95
22.95
22.95
22.95
22.95
22.95
Aardvark Products
Haunted House
Killer Bot
Labyrinth
Starship Here.
Time Trek
Escape from Mars
Pyramid
Quest
Trek Adventure
Circle World
Nuclear Sub
Venture
Tiny Compiler
Tube Frenzy
Derelict
Caterpillar
Space Battler
Golf
Catchem
)
9.95
13.95
14.95
14.95
14.95
14.95
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14.95
14.95
19.95
24.95
19.95
14.95
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12.95
9.95
19.95
Spectrul
Associates
Sugar Software
Cosmic Invaders
21.95
19.75
Silly Syntax
19.95
Meteorites
21.95
19.75
Additional S.S. Tapes
9.95
Space Wars
21.95
19.75
Fairy Tales
Ghost Gobbler
21.95
19.75 !
Sing Along
Robot Attack
21.95
19.75
X-Rated
Galax Attack
21.95
19.75
Current Events
Computer Island
Circus 10.00
School Maze 10.00
Name That Song ea. 1 0.00
(I, II, Ml)
Silly Sentences 6.00
Silly Stories 6.00
Poetry 6.00
Wizard 6.00
Apartment House 6.00
Mystery
Adventure
Potpourri
Auto Run
TIMS (32K)
14.95
24.95
Eigen Systems
Basic Aid (cart.) 34.95
Stripper 7.95
Ccead 6.95
Cognitec
Telewriter 64
59.95 54.95
Terms: Cash, money order, your personal checks welcome.
No waiting to clear on software items. Shipping and CCD.
please add $2.50, hardware add 5% extra for packing. All pro-
grams are 16K except where noted. We're open for phone
orders from 12:00 noon until 9:00 p.m., 7 days a week. Send
for our free catalog listings. We accept all foreign orders in
U.S. funds only.
Warranty: All hardware products are warranted for a period of
180 days from date of purchase. We shall not be liable for loss
or damage, alleged or caused indirectly to hardware or soft-
ware including interruption of service, business loss, loss of
expected profits or any damage resulting from use of hard-
ware or software. 'Trademark of Tandy Corp.
Desert Software, P.O. Box 502, Cortaro, AZ 85230
Call (602) 744-1252 for immediate C.O.D.
s
1
Print i'rA
What a fitting way to lead into the beginning of the Rainbow's third year and
this Second Anniversary Issue!
What I am speaking about, of course, is RAINBOWfest, which we. held in
Chicago in late April and on which you will see a report — in both words and
pictures — in this issue. To quote one of the people who attended, it was a
"smashing success." The booths were full, the aisles were even fuller (yes, there
will be more space next time) and a good, great and wonderful time was had by
just about everyone! YouVe seen me write often about CoCo Community. Well,
RAINBOWfest was CoCo Community at its finest. There were thousands and
thousands of people there — and what they spoke about for three days running
was CoCo. I can tell you, after all the years of proclaiming time and again that
CoCo isn't a toy, of beating down rumors (published by some magazines and
otherwise) that CoCo was dead, of hearing praises about this computer system
and that — RAINBOWfest, and all the people there who truly know the power,
capability and have the sincere love for their CoCos was, indeed, one of the best
moments in my life.
We anticipated a couple thousand people would attend RAINBOWfest and,
from that point of view, figured it would be a success. In all, total attendance was
somewhere between 10,000 and 1 1 ,000. Our seminars were standing room only,
the breakfast with Don Inman wasa complete sellout. In all it was far, far above
any expectations. A veteran show-goer told me
he had never seen anything like it in his life! Me
either.
I am as proud as can be that we were able to
put on RAINBOWfest! And, for the record, I
want to say that we will have another one —
maybe more than one. Virtually every exhibi-
tor was asking to be able to participate again.
And there were a large number of people there
who didn't exhibit who plan to be there next
time.
I couldn't talk about RAINBOWfest with-
out saying how much all of us owe to Dave
Hooper, the local arrangements chairman. Dave
truly did it all — and in totally outstanding
fashion. There are thousands of people, Dave,
who thank you for everything you did to make
the show what it was.
There should be praise, too, for Don Inman,
our breakfast speaker, who did a marvelous job, and for all our seminar
speakers. They included Fred Scerbo of 1MB, Tom Nelson of Nelson Software,
E. R. Bailey of Micrologic, Dr. Hal Snyder of the Northern Illinois CoCo Club,
Steve Bjork, the author of Zaxxon, and Charles Roslund of Elite Software. By
the way, Charles is back in the Rainbow with his popular Charlie s Machine
feature.
And the "gang" from here: General Manager Pat Hirsch; Ad Manager Patty
King, who was also reponsible for putting things together from this end; Art
Director Sally Nichols, Research Assistant M onica Wheat; Managing Editor
(and truck driver) Jim Reed; and our "volunteer," Willo Falk, my better half.
Too, a very special thanks to Ted Donhauser of ProMar in Chicago. He came to
the rescue time and again.
RAINBOWfest brought people from all over — from Great Britian, from
Germany, from the Yukon, Hawaiiand all acrossthe United Statesand Canada.
It certainly seemed every state was represented. It was a fantastic time and I hope
you will make plans to share some fine CoCo Community with us in the future.
So, now, it's Second Anniversary time. I hope you like this anniversary issue,
as the Rainbow enters its third year. Our big surprise is included, too — the
soundsheet that is bound in every issue. We encourage you to try it out; there are
some good programs on it! And, then, we would really like to know whether you
like this innovation. If you do, we may consider doing it again — or even on a
(continued on page 27 2 j
ETTER
OFTWARE COMPANY
P O. Box 16842 - Sta B
Greenville, South Carolina 29606
(803) 233 2700
PRESENTS
1\ COLOR— STICK
The ORIGINAL interface for
\ rhe TRS-60*
Color Compurerro let
you use rhe f omous:
ATARI* JOYSTICK'
Just plug your Atari or Atari like
joystick (the Color-Stick enables the
use of most joysticks made for the
Atari) into the Color-Stick interface
and then plug the Color-Stick into an
empty joystick port.
The Color-Stick can improve
scores 50% and more while making
some games more exciting and fun to
play.
Don't settle for cheap imitations.
Only the ORIGINAL Color-Stick's
small inline design allows you to just
piug your joystick into it and forget it.
The Color-Stick becomes a part of
your joystick so it does not interfere
with your game playing. In addition
Color-Stick returns a full value of '63'
for the right and down directions,
even when using two joysticks and
even in the diagonal directions, the
others don't.
NOW Color-Stick has a
new low price
Color-Stick interface $12.95 each
two for $22.95 (less joysticks)
Atari joysticks $9.95 each
ETTER
OFTWARE COMPANY
P.O. Box 16842 — Sta. B
Greenville, South Carolina 29606
(803) 233-2700
Don't miss out order the
ORIGINAL. Send your check or
money order or better yet call
today and order your Color-Stick.
Add $2.00 per order shipping and handling. Bank cards
welcomed (please include expiration dale). Orders paid
by cashiers check, money orders, bank cards and
C.O,D. are shipped within 48 hours. Personal checks
please allow 1 2 weeks. C.O.D. orders add $1.50 exlra.
S.C. residentsadd4%salestax. *TRS-80 is a registered
trademark of Tandy Corp. Atari is a registered
trademark of Atari, Inc.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 13
BUILDING JULY'S RAINBOW
The Second Anniversary issue . . .
Leaping over the 300-page hurdle . . .
Introducing the Rainbow Soundsheet . . .
Partytime at the Rainbow! It's our
second birthday. There's been a bit of
reverie around here about breaking the
300-page mark and, in a moment of
reflection, we made the observation that
this month's issue of the Rainbow has
more pages, by eight, than the entire
first year's editions combined. To put it
another way, the very first issue of the
Rainbowtook upboth sides of atotal of
50 sheets of paper; this month's maga-
zine will use more than two 35-ton box-
car loads of paper. While we grew up in a
hurry, we hope to grow old gracefully
with our birthday resolution being to
emphasize quality, not size.
Size does haveits advantages, though.
Thanks to the support of all of you and
our 203 advertisers, we're able to offer
everyone a birthday gift that we're really
quite proud of, our Rainbow Sound-
sheet sampling of programs from our
birthday issue. If you haven't already, do
give it a spin.
Another bi rthday special i s "Two Years
of Rainbow," a complete index — by
subject and by author as well — of all the
articles, programs, reviews and special
features appearing in the Rainbow
between July 1981 and June 1983. Many
of you have been asking for this refer-
ence piece, and we plan to make it an
annual anniversary feature.
Another index, of sorts, and what we
hope will become an active, evolving
reference work, is Bob Russell's Color
Memory Map. This valuable compilation
of "hooks" and "addresses" is being
presented in installments over the next
few months. Even if you aren't among
those who are excited to get this other-
wise unavailable information, do hang
onto it because, asyou continue to learn
more about BASIC, you'll develop a
need for and appreciation of it.
Among our many happy returns in this
anniversary special are Charles J.
Roslund, who's back with his popular
Charlie's Machine and Fred Scerbo, who
returns to our pages with Snail's
Revenge, the long-awaited sequel to his
Snail Invaders (February 1982).
Moving right along, from snails to tur-
tles, new this issue is Greetings From
Uncle Bert, with Dale Peterson, our new
column on LOGO, directed to kids and
parents, too.
Also new this issue is the TRS-80 MC-
1 0 Micro Color Computer! Editor Lonnie
Falk provides a preview of this 4K
"Coquette?" in our Pipeline column.
And, speaking of our founder/editor/-
guiding light/driving force, since this is a
festive occasion for the Rainbow, and
even though the big ge\-\ogether and
celebration took place at RAINBOWfest,
I want to take this opportunity to salute
the boss. In speaking of Lonnie Falk dur-
ing his after-breakfast address at RAIN-
BOWfest, Don Inman spoke of a man
"with stars in his eyes and visions of
rainbows in his mind," and that's very
true of Lonnie. Later in his talk, Don said
he likes to think of himself as, not an
expert, but a "beginner in eachfield and
(I) plan to stay that way forever." He was
also descr i bi ng Lonnie Falk, whose creative
spirit is kindled by an almost childlike
fascination for the new, the different, the
unexplored. Nobody is happierthan Lonnie
Falk when he has a newly-delivered box
to open and still another set of instruc-
tions to read. If Lonnie ever found the
rainbow's end, he wouldn't linger at all,
but would immediately begin looking for
another rainbow. Without getting too
soupy, Lonnie, keep on chasing rain-
bows, the chase is all the fun.
— Jim Reed
RAINBOW
1 1 '■■■«#:a«*'i.
ALMOST
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Division of Union Electronics, Inc.
312-339-2777
14 the RAINBOW July 1983
CoCo ALBUM
WORD-PAK
DISPLAY
r
/ *
/ '
PROTO - CoCo
C-C BUS INSTALLED
WORD-PAK
WORD-PAK
80 column video board for the Radio Shack Color Com-
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• Full ASCil character set (also supports
custom character sets for user specific ap-
plications)
• Programmable line lengths and cursor formats
• On-board ROM expansion for future word pro-
cessor
• 50760Hz operation
• Easy installation-plugs into ROM port
• Available for cassette or disk based systems
(disk systems require the use of a 'Y' connec-
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• Contains it's own video RAM-requires no
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The WORD-PAK produces a composite video signal and
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MEM-PAK
16K RAM/ROM expansion board. Expand RAM (for un-
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Price: $114.00 (with 16K RAM)
P-C PAK
Parallel printer port and real time clock. Free up your serial
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Price: $122.95
C-C BUS
A fully buffered, six slot expansion bus for your CoCo.
Each slot is software selectable, allowing up to six car-
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Option 2. Molded plastic cover $Call
** Requires S-cable (below)
PROTO-CoCo
Prototyping board with all the features.
• 20 sq. inches of prototyping area
• All signals identifyed on board
• Designed to fit inside a disk controller case. Gives
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• allows either point-to-point wiring or wire-wrap.
Price: $14.95
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Color Computer Is a Trademark of Radio Shack
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Software Review
Function Graphing Module
An Electronic Blackboard
I teach mathematics and 1 have often felt sorry for my
students because of my poor drawings on the blackboard. I
have wished for an electronic blackboard, which would
graph functions at the press of a button. At last, my wish has
come true, with Function Graphing Module from Calcsoft.
Function Graphing Module allows you to graph func-
tions of a single variable on the high resolution graphics
screen of your Color Computer. Any function you can write
in Extended BASIC, including those using the trig functions
and logarithms, can be accurately graphed and analyzed.
You enter the functions by using the Extended BASIC
Editor to place the function definitions in specified program
lines. You then start the program and have a wide range of
options. Probably, you will first want to graph the function.
The easiest way to use the graphing mode is to choose the
range of x-values you want graphed, and allow the program
to "auto-scale;" that is, to automatically choose the x- and
y-scales, the placement of the origin, and so forth. The
function will then be displayed according to these auto-
scales values. Once you see how the graph looks with these
values, it's easy to change any of them to graph the function
just the way you want. In addition to choosing the graphing
FRUSTRATED
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HELP! provides the BEGINNING
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used, a full set of notes, common pitfalls, and
references to the instruction manual.
HELP! provides the more ADVANCED
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parameters, you can mark any x-values you want on the
graph with a vertical bar.
In the multiple graphing mode, you can graph up to four
functions on the screen at once. You have a choice of graph-
ing them on the same set of axes, or on different axes. This is
really very useful for solving many kinds of mathematical
problems — for example, to graph a piecewise continuous
function.
The remaining two modes are the Value Mode and the
Zero Mode. In the Value Mode, the program will find the
value of the function forany x-value you specify. In the Zero
Mode, the program finds a root of the function; that is, an
x-value for which the function equals zero. You input two
x-values, one where the function is positive, and one where
it's negative. (Graphing the function first makes it easy to
find such x-values.) As long as the function is continuous, a
root will lie between the two x-values. The program then
uses the bisection method, also known as the binary chop, to
find the root to wjthin a tolerance you select.
The documentation that comes with the program is
superb! There are over 50 pages of documentation, along
with a one-page "Handy Reference Guide." In addition to
thoroughly describing all the options of the program, the
manual has lots of examples showing exactly what you
should type, and what will appear on the screen. These
examples cover all aspects of the program, including the
more complicated ones like graphing multiple functions.
Examples are an important tool in learning, and the exam-
ples here are a big help in understanding how to get the most
out of this program.
An unusual feature of the manual is the chapter titled
"Crash!" Since you provide part of the program in the lines
defining the functions, there's a chance you'll have a syntax
error in a function definition, or a function that will require
a division by zero, or some other illegal operation. The
manual explains this thoroughly, and helps you avoid
crashes by giving numerous examples showing correct syn-
tax. If you crash the program anyhow, the manual gives
instructions on how to recover.
One suggestion for improving the manual: a table of
contents and page numbers would help.
Function Graphing Module performs flawlessly, and
clearly has been designed with the user in mind. The func-
tions have been well-chosen, and the documentation is
excellent. This is an outstanding product.
(Calcsoft, P.O. Box 401, St. Ann, MO 63074, 16K ECB,
$19.95)
—David Finkel
Hint .
PCLEARO With a Disk Drive
While people insist that it is impossible to PCLEAR 0 on
a disk system, 1 get that effect by using: POKE25,6: POKE
27,6: POKE 29,6: POKE3l,6
Although you cannot use the disk drive until you again
PCLEAR 4, it can be acomplished.
Steve Skrzyniarz
Tacoma, WA
16 the RAINBOW July 1983
KEYBOARDS
by Macrotron
The Premium Keyboard
All the features of our popular
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* Four function keys complete the matrix
* High quality construction assures years of
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* Complete documentation included
PLUS these exciting new features:
* Attractive low profile
* Extended Radio Shack layout
* Silk-smooth feel —
uses ALPS keys witches
Our Versakey software enhances
the keyboard's utility
* Auto-repeat, n-key rollover and
type-ahead
* Fl becomes DEFINE,
F4 becomes CTRL
* May define up to 128 keys (including
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combinations) as strings of up to 80
characters each.
* Supplied on cassette, may be copied to disk
"Have Josie ship yours today I"
The Premium Keyboard $89.95
The Professional Keyboard $69.95
Versakey software $9.95
Both keyboards carry a 90-day limited warranty.
Please specify your computer's PC board type if known. Otherwise, specify the complete catalog number
and serial number.
Micronix Systems Corporation
# 7 Gibraltar Square
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(314) 441-1694
Terms: Prepaid check or money order, Mastercard or Visa.
Shipping Charges: U.S. $2.00, Canada $5.00,. COD $3.50 (No COD's to Canada).
CHARLIE S MACHINE
ROM
CALLS
THE
EASY WAY
By C. J. Roslund
When programming in machine language, there are many
times when life would be much easier if you could let
BASIC take care of something for you. A few examples
that come to mind are:
*Writing data files to cassette or disk
*Doing real math calculations (ie, SIN, COS)
*Drawing complex graphics I
There are, of course, routines in the BASIC ROMs to do all of
these, since they can be done from a BASIC program. Calling these
ROM routines from your own machine language program has typi-
cally taken a lot of studying of the BASIC ROMs to discover exactly
how to call the routine you need and also what parameters need to be
initialized prior to calling the ROM routine. Another concern must
always be if the entry point you use will be the same in all releases of
the BASIC ROMs. I am going to present a method of making ROM
calls I have developed that will allow you to call any ROM routine
that has a BASIC command counterpart. For example: PRINT,
LINE, CIRCLE, OPEN, CLOSE, CLEAR, etc. You will only
to know one ROM entry point (which I will give you) to call any of
these routines.
The idea behind this method of making ROM calls is to trick the
computer into thinking it is running a BASIC program in the middle
of your machine language program. If you can do this, and point the
BASIC interpreter to the BASIC command line of your choice, you
can let the BASIC interpreter do all the work for you. You only need
to create what looks like a BASIC command line in the middle of
your program. For example: PRINT"IT WORKS." The first thing
18 the RAINBOW July 1983
BECOME AN INTREPID SPACE ADVENTURER .
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CoCo version by Roger Schrag
Atari version by John Anderson
Far beyond the known galaxies, you
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R FLY HIGH IN
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Priv;es Subject To Change Wilhoul Notice
you, must know is how BASIC "Token-
izes" all key words. Key words, such as
PRINT, OPEN, LINE, etc. are stored
in memory as a one byte token. This
conserves memory^ and speeds execu-
tion of a BASIC program. An example
of this tokenizing follows:
(Numbers in parentheses represent
hex token values. All other characters
represent their equivalent ASCII value.)
untokenized: PRINT
"IT WORKS"
tokenized: (87) "IT WORKS"
When creating the BASIC command
line in the middle of your machine lan-
guage program, you must use the
TOKENS forall BASIC key words and
functions. Table 1 provides a key word
vs. token table for yoirr use in creating a
tokenized BASIC command line.
(Token values are listed in hex.) These
are the values to use in place of key
words listed. Note that the token for
PRINT is hex 87 as was used in the
above example.
The program listing accompanying
this article (named ROMCALL) pro-
vides all initialization required to make
ROM calls with this technique. It con-
tains two sample ROM calls to the print
and real math routines. A line by line
explanation of the program follows.
ROMCALL is written in position inde-
pendent code, and will work with all
versions of the BASIC ROMs in Color
BASIC, Extended BASIC, or Disk
BASIC computers. It uses only one
ROM entry point in the Color BASIC
ROM, and this entry point is the same
in all versions.
Line numbers are given in the first
column of the listing. Lines I and 2 are
assembler directives. They indicate the
program name and start the assembly at
address $3000.
Program execution begins at line 3
with the lable Start. Lines 3 and 4 load
the X register from the direct page
>?JJ. r ess$A6 and push this value on the
stack. $A6 contains a pointer (actually
stored in locations S00A6 and S00A7)
that is used by the BASIC interpreter to
keep track of its location in a BASIC
program or direct command line. Later
in my program I will modify $A6. Just
to be safe, I am saving the original value
of this pointer so that I can restore it (see
Vines 9, 10 and II) before the program
terminates.
Lines 5 and 6 do all preparation to
make the first sample call to the ROM
routine "SIN." A pointer to the token-
ized command string "A=SIN(1)" is
loaded into the X register and a branch
to the subroutine "BASIC'lis made.
20 the RAINBOW July 1983
Table 1
Key-Word vs. Token
KEY-WORD TOKEN KEY-WORD TOKEN KEY-WORD TOKEN
FOR
rui\
RO
uu
82
*
83
FI SF
84
TF
85
DATA
LJr\ 1 r\
86
PR TNT
r ix 1 J> l
87
ON
88
TNPI IT
89
FND
8A
NFXT
8R
DIM
8C
o v
RF AD
IX !_/ r\ Ly
8D
R UN
rx \j j >
8F
u i—i
RFSTORF
IX \—i O I W IX i—i
8F
u i
R FTI JRN
Ix L 1 U Ix 1 >l
90
STOP
O 1 w I
91
POKF
I \J XX 1—,
92
CONT
93
I 1ST
94
CI FAR
l—t l \ IX
95
NF W
J ^1 l—> »T
96
CI OAF)
97
y i
CSAVF
V O/V V 1—,
98
y (J
OPFN
W I 1—, 1 ~
9Q
yy
CI OSF
9A
y ix
I I 1ST
9R
y l_>
SFT
O l—i 1
9C
y V
RFSFT
IX LOL 1
9F)
y \~y
ci s
QF
MOTOR
1V1 w 1 w IX
QF
y i
SOUND
AO
a i into
A 1
FYFP
A?
SK TPF
o rv iii
A3
TAR/
1 /AD ^
A4
TO
i \j
A5
SUB
V-/ m—J
A6
THEN
A7
NOT
A8
STEP
A9
OFF
AA
+
AB
AC
AD
/
AE
A
AF
AND
B0
OR
Bl
>
B2
B3
<
B4
SGN
FF 80
INT
i j ~ i
FF 81
ABS
FF 82
USR
FF 83
RND
FF 84
SIN
FF 85
PEEK
FF 86
LEN
FF 87
STR$
FF 88
VAL
FF 89
ASC
FF 8A
CHRS
FF 8B
EOF
FF 8C
JOYSTK
FF 8D
LEFTS
FF 8E
RIGHTS
FF 8F
MIDS
FF 90
POINT
FF 91
INKEYS
FF 92
MEM
FF 93
ENTENDED BASIC
DEL
B5
EDIT
B6
TRON
B7
TROFF
B8
DEF
B9
LET
BA
LINE
BB
PCLS
BC
PSET
BD
PRESET
BE
SCREEN
BF
PCLEAR
CO
COLOR
CI
CIRCLE
C2
PAINT
C3
GET
C4
PUT
C5
DRAW
C6
PCOPY
C7
PMODE
C8
PLAY
C9
DLOAD
CA
RENUM
CB
FN
CC
USING
CD
ATN
FF 94
COS
FF 95
TAN
FF 96
EXP
FF 97
FIX
FF 98
LOG
| ' T * (\C\
rr 99
POS
FF 9A
SQR
FF 9B
HEXS
FF 9C
VARPTR
FF 9D
INSTR
FF 9E
TIMER
FF 9F
PPOINT
FF AO
STRINGS
FF Al
DISK BASIC
DIR
CE
DRIVE
CF
FIELD
DO
FILES
Dl
KILL
D2
LOAD
D3
LSET
D4
MERGE
D5
RENAME
D6
RSET
D7
SAVE
D8
WRITE
D9
VERIFY
DA
UNLOAD
DB
DSKINI
DC
BACKUP
DD
COPY
DE
DSKIS
DF
DSKOS
E0
CVN
FF A2
FREE
FF A3
LOC
FF A4
LOF
FF A5
MKNS
FF A6
AS
FF A7
Let me skip to lines 12 through 16
next. This is where the actual ROM call
is made. First, line 1 2 stores the pointer
to the command string (X register) in
direct page address SA6. Next the A
register is loaded with the first byte of
the command line (LDA ,X). Line 14
clears the carry flag bit in the condition
code register. This is required to signal
the BASIC interpreter that a command
line to execute follows. The other possi-
bility is that a BASIC program line,
with a line number, was being entered
into memory. In this case, the BASIC
interpreter would only store the line in
the BASIC program storage area, not
execute it. Line 15 makes the ROM call
to execute the command line pointed to
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by $A6,$A7. This ROM call is a subroutine in the Color
BASIC ROM that is called by BASIC'S main command
interpretation loop. The main command interpretation loop
calls SADC6 when it is all set to execute the next command
in a BASIC program, or in a directcommand. Uponentry, it
assumes that$A6,$A7 is pointing to the next BASIC com-
mand to execute, and that the A register contains the first
byte of that command. After the ROM call returns, line 16
of this subroutine returns program control to the calling
routine withan RTS. This subroutine, named BASIC, is the
real key to making ROM calls. It may be called from any
part of your machine language program to make a ROM
call. The only entry requirement is that the X register must
point to the tokenized BASIC command line that is to be
executed.
Now back to the rest of the program. Lines 7 and 8 make a
sample call (in the same manner as lines 5 and 6) to the ROM
routine "PRINT."
Lines 9, 10 and II restore the original contents of the
pointer $A6,$A7, and then return to the main calling pro-
gram. This istheend of my sample program so this RTS will
return to BASIC and the OK prompt.
Line 1 7 is where the tokenized BASIC command string is
stored. This line was created as follows:
$41 ASCII value for letter "A"
$B3 Token for math operator
$FF,$85 Token for function "SIN"
$28 ASCII value for left paren. "("
$32 ASCII value for number " 1 "
$29 ASCII value for right paren. ")"
$0 Line terminator
Put them all together they spell A=SIN(I)
Line 18 stores a similar construction of the BASIC com-
mand PRINT A:
$87 Token for PRINT
$41 ASCII value for letter "A"
$0. Line terminator
Line 19 is an assembler directive that ends assembly and
indicates to the assembler the address of the program entry
point.
This completes the description of ROMCALL operation.
Now I will point out some cautions you should observe
when making ROM calls with this method. First,
CLOA DM and CSA VEM cannot be called in this manner. I
will describe changes to this program to call these ROM
routines at the end of the article. Second, BASIC does
memory available checks during many of these ROM calls.
$1D,$1E
$ I F,$20
$21, $22
$27,$28
BASIC defines available memory as the space from where
the free memory pointer is pointing up to the stack pointer
register. (Free memory pointer is located at $IF,$20.) If
your program has moved the STACK pointer very low in
memory, BASIC may think you are out of memory (during
a ROM call) and terminate your program with the familiar
OM ERROR message. Third, if you define any numeric or
string variables, BASIC will store them where it thinks
variable storage and string storage have been allocated. You
should not have any other important data here or it will be
written over. Variable space is defined by the pointers
located at the following addresses:
$1B,$IC Start of simple variables
Start of array variables
Start of free memory
Bottom of string storage space
Top of string storage space
These cautions can be summarized as follows: You must
make sure your program stays away from memory used by
BASIC, and be careful not to do anything that will prevent
BASIC from being able to run (moving stack pointer so low
that an out of memory error occurs, for example). You may
make ROM calls to the routines CLEAR, PCLEAR,
FILES, and DIM to modify the BASIC variable space
pointers as you wish.
The two commands CLOADM and CSA VEM may be
called with one change to the program given. This change is
necessary because the BASIC interpreter handles the two
commands as special cases in the main command interpreta-
tion loop, mentioned earlier. If BASIC sees a CLOAD or
CSA VE token to execute, it does not call the ROM routine
at $ADC6. Instead, it calls a routine at $8C62 for CLOAD,
or $831 A for CSA VE, Therefore, to call CLOADM you
must change line 1 5 to read JSR $8C62. To call CSA VEM
you must change line 1 5 to read JSR $83 1 A. The command
string token for CLOADM ox CSA VEM'is created with the
token for CLOAD or CSA ^followed by the ADCII value
of"M"($4D).
I have not personally tried every possible ROM call using
this method. If anyone finds one that does not work, I would
be glad to hear from you, and offer some assistance if I can.
From studying my disassembly of the BASIC ROMs, this
method should work with any BASIC command that can be
executed from within a BASIC program.
If you EXECUTEthe sample program ROMCALL, you
will be making ROM calls to the following BASIC com
mands:
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22 the RAINBOW July 1983
The listing:
PAGE M01
12 KM
■M3 3«V
0MS 3004 308D0017
flue 3NE 6D*3
0009 3010 3510
0010 3012 9FA6
0011 3014 39
0012 3015 9FA6
0013 3017 A684
0014 3019 1CFE
0015 301B BDADC&
0016 301E 39
0017 301F 41B3FF8528
001B 3027 B74100
0019 302A
MQ ERRORS FOMNP
ROMCAI_l_
by i CHAfM_E8 J R08LUND
t ROM CALLS MADE EASY t
ttt ********************
NAM ROMCALL
ORB •3000 START CODE ANY>0«R€ (PIC)
* INITIALIZATION *
********************
START LDX <«A6
PBHS X
SAVE PROGRAM POINTER
* SAMPLE CALLS t
******************
LEAX MATHS, PGR MATH STRING
B5R BASIC
LEAX PRNTS,PCR PRINT STRING
BSR BASIC
* FIX POINTERS BEFORE EXITING *
*******************************
PULS X
STX <«A6 RESTORE POINTER
RTS
* EXECUTE COMMAND STRING SUBROUTINE *
* X POINTS TO TOKEN START *
*************************************
BASIC STX <*A6 POINT TO STRING
LDA ,X GET TOKEN
ANDCC »*FE FLAG NOT A LINE ft
JSR *ADC6 CALL BASIC
RTS
* CONSTANT STRING AREA *
************************
t A^SIN(l) *
MATHS FCB *4 1 , *B3, *FF, *85, «2S, »3 1 , *29, 0
A=SIN (I)
* PRINT A
PRNTS FCB •87,*41,0
PRINT A
END START
A=S1N(I)
PRINT A
You should see the floating point representation of
S1N(1) displayed on your screen. Readers with assemblers
can simply enter the source code from thelistingand assem-
ble it. If you don't have an assembler, you may POKE the
hex values from the program listing (third column) into any
free memory space. A monitor would make this job a lot
easier. I located this sample programat $3000. If you POKE
ROMCALL into memory by hand, be sure to poke all eight
values in line 17 (following the FCB) into memory. Only the
first five are listed in column three due to the column width
allocated.
^
Hint .
1 would like to pass on a helpful hint for single disk drive
owners to use when backing up a disk. Use
PC LEAR (ENTER)
FILES (ENTER)
BACKUP (ENTER)
This will speed up the process and make fewer disk
switches necessary. I use this all the time and have never had
a problem doing so.
Jim Lemaster
PARALLEL
PRINTER
INTERFACE
FOR THE RADIO SHACK COLOR COMPUTER
AND THE TDP 100
* RUN ANY STANDARD PARALLEL PRINTER
FROM THE SERIAL I/O PORT
* WORKS WITH: EPSON, NEC, CENTRONICS,
C-itoh, SMITH CORONA, RADIO SHACK,
GEMINI, OR ANY STANDARD PARALLEL PRINTER
* SWITCH SELECTABLE BAUD RATES FROM 300 to 9600
* COMPLETE - ALL CABLES AND CONNECTORS
INCLUDED
* PRICE: $69 plus $3 for shipping and handling.
Canadian orders odd $5 for shipping. Michigan
resident's add 4% sales tax.
PRINTERS
C-itoh PROWRITER
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EPSON FX 80
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- $ 310
$ 570
Plus shipping
CALL FOR PRICES ON OTHER MODELS FROM
THE ABOVE PRINTER MANUFACTURERS
BOTEK
INSTRUMENTS
313-739-2910
Dealer inquiries invited
4949 HAMPSHIRE
UTICA, MICHIGAN 48087
July 1983 the RAINBOW 23
Ll^ 'Lu< C_3 S " - h~~*t CZS
COCOSLOTS
"as well done computeri z ed one-armed bandit as I can
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ONLY $12.00
REVERSI
GTHELLQ "this is a very good show from
COCOFRO- DEC 1982 RAINBOW REVIEW
CHEAP $12.00
FULL SCREEN EDITOR
Use arrow-keys control for editing of basic programs,
Much much more.
BARGAIN $15,00
COLOR DIRECTORY
DIR command that you wish you had.
list with selection. Optional display to
Software Review
This is the
Sorted DIR
printer.
A HOST
$12.00
EXPANDED DIRECTORY
Save up to 120 files on one diskette.
GOOD BUY
$12.80
CASSETTE DIRECTORY
List program name, length, start, end and transfer
address, Free with all orders if requested or send
■$2.50 for D-ogram on cassette.
Above programs written in machine language for 16k.
COCOSLOTS ~ REVERSI, CASSETTE DIRECTORY and FULL SCREEN
EDITOR do not require EXTENDED BASIC! ! ! But are
compatible with EXTENDED or DISK BASIC.
MASTER DIRECTORY
\ Master listing by diskette number with description.
t Master listing of all your programs in either
diskette or program sequence.
t Basic for easy cos torn "icing; fast mach lang sort
t Requires 32k with printer
BEST SELLER $20.00
*** FREE CATALOG ***
Send self addressed stamped envelope.
Send check or /soney-order to;
CQCQPRQ
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ST LOUIS, HQ 63141
RAINBOW
CCfl i inc a r ion
StAl
Postage paid on pre-paid orders in continental U.S
fiO residents add 5.6257. sales Us.
Data Communications
Tutor Does the Job
In case you've ever wondered what magic is involved
when two computers hold a conversation, the folks at Com-
puterware have a tutorial program which is designed to
teach a beginner the basic ideas and terminology involved in
computer generated data communications.
Called, appropriately enough, Introduction to Data Com-
munications, this instructional program, supplied on cas-
sette or disk, is divided into five lessons so it can be loaded
into I6K 80Cs. The first four parts are the instructional
material which is presented one page at a time with about 1 5
screen pages per "lesson."
Colorful graphics are interspersed in the lessons showing
visual examples of the material. For example, the material
on acoustic modems has an illustration of a CPU, acoustic
modem and a telephone handset suspended over the mod-
em. Very nice use of the CoCo's graphic capabilities. The
fifth section is a 10-question exam which determines what
you have retained from the first four lessons. At the end of
the test you are graded and to the chagrin of those not
paying attention — critiqued. Just like my old school marm,
Mrs. Grundy, nasty comments are given to those under-
achieving, suggesting a review of the material.
The lessons are written by Computerware to be specifi-
cally applicable to transmitting and receiving data over
telephone lines with the 80C.
Topics covered are:
• Definitions of data communications
• Examples of its uses
• Block diagram of a simple circuit
•The RS-232 Interface
• An explanation of the RS-232 signal
•Types of modulation
•Telephone line frequencies and level specs
• Baud and BPS
•Start and stop bits
• Asynchronous data
The lessons are presented in a concise manner on the
screen. Each screen is advanced by the user at his own pace.
Unfortunately, you cannot"back up" to review the material
from previous pages without rerunning the program. The
lessons auto-load from one series to another so the separa-
tion of the material into five parts is not a problem in use.
While Computerware has done a finejob of summarizing
the basics of data communications relating to the 80C, I
can't help but think that information of this type could be
moreeffectively presented in a printed booklet. The student
would be able to page back and forth to review the data.
For those who are interested in learning the basics of data
communications through interaction with their CoCo,
Introduction to Data Communications is the program.
(Computerware, Box 668, 4402 Manchester Ave., Suite 102,
Encinitas, CA 92024, $17.95 on tape, $22.95 on disk)
—Bruce Rothermel
24 the RAINBOW July 1983
COLORSOFT
ESCAPE
A 3-D GRAPHICS ADVENTURE WITH SOUND
(Machine Language for Fast Action)
This is NOT the usual "find the treasure" adventure. In
ESCAPE, you are trapped on the top floor of a
skyscraper and the only way out is by using a very
unusual elevator. You must give the elevator the
correct code or else the ride down is a real killer. The
maze-like halls seem to cometo life due to the fantastic
3-D graphics. Search the hallsforrooms which contain
clues tothe correct code. Clues must be deciphered to
learn the elevator's secret code. Game times depends
on the skill of the player, but it is typically 8-10 hours.
ESCAPE is suitable for group play. A mentally
stimulating experience.
16K BASIC $18.95
RECIPE FILE
A CASSETTE BASED STORAGE AND
RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
This program permits storage of your favorite recipes
for retrieval by your computer. Once a recipe has been
recalled, then the computer can adjust the ingredient
measure for serving the desired number of persons.
Each recipe can contain special comments on
preparation as well asthefull instructions for using the
recipe. Included is a line oriented text editor for
creating and editing the variable length files.
Completely menu driven and very user friendly. Easily
modified by the userforuse in keeping track of record,
coin or stamp collections or whatever your interest.
Screen or printer output.
16K Ext. BASIC $21.95
SPECIAL: A collection of 30 recipies covering main
meals to snacks. Only $3.95 with program.
SQUIRE
SQUIRE is a challenging game of
asset management. The player must
manage a country estate and contend
with crop failure, investment losses,
taxes and other such headaches. The
object of the game is to increase the
estate's value while providing for the
peasant workers. The starting assets
are computer selected so that each
game otters different challenges.
Great experience for the kids or
aspiring executives.
16K Ext. BASIC
$14.95
HOUSEHOLD EXPENSE
MANAGER
This menu driven program package is
designed for creating and
maintaining a data file on cassette of
30 household expense categories for
a 12-month period. It also keeps
cumulative totals and a separate total I
of tax deductable expenses. A
comparative analysis program
provides a graphic presentation of
relative expenses between any two
months during the year. The user can
change categories by modifying
program code. Screen or printer
output.
16K Ext. BASIC $19.95
FLIPPER
A fun and challenging version of the
Othello™ type board games. This
version includes options for play
solely by the computer, one player
against the computer, or two players
against each other. The computer
can play on four skill levels. Very
colorful with plenty of sound. Fun for
kids and challenging for adults. Great
for parties.
16K Ext. BASIC
$16.95
COLOR
SOFT WARE
SERVICES —
P.O. BOX 1708, DEPT. R
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401
INCLUDE $2.25 HANDLING PER ORDER
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
DEALER INQUIRES INVITED
RAINBOW
c«« ■ »< • cm
Mil
TELEPHONE ORDERS
(214) 454-3674
9-4 Monday-Saturday
VISA/MASTERCARD
THE TOP-RA TED COCO WORD PROCESSOR:
Colorware researched the word
processors available for the Color
Computer. We came to the very
same conclusion that so many re-
view articles have! Telewriter-64
is, by far, the superior word pro-
cessor for the ColorComputer.
Why is Telewriter so much bet-
ter than the others? For one thing,
it has overcome the 32x1 6 charac-
ter display limitation of the Color
Computer. No small feat, Telewri-
ter accomplishes this by generat-
ing its own set of characters in
software. You select 51 x24, 64x24
or 85x24 character displays by
merely issuing a format command.
If you have ever used a word pro-
cessing system, you know how im-
portant it is to be ableto see a good
portion of your text on the screen.
1 El C Utl 1 £K- 14
lhis is an actual ureiaxted roiwoid fteto of a
Mat*, and thtte screen sSoaim the 51224 [haraiter
set that is ttftfritedbv Maletert-M". fetice
he* there is also true \tmtr mti not the revww
o«*r ta« letters ttat »?relv retreserit Ititwr
tas* tiifatttrs in other Color Co»mr«r iroirws.
lel?«Ti ter-6J is truly tlw wost PtMtrfv\ arr)
v-thifti cited «ord irocitsor yw tan bw for «*.v
< < I or Comuter or ttP"— lc
*r ar» tliii*>rit of itttini
If vov »wn a » r inter
real Iv ttK'rti
>,<wJ mth aw l*J.. S?t «r i4C svst*n artf mth Wi
>•;.!<.*■ f,onrgter cowntiH* Kioter.
ft t C » £ f G H I J t I H N D r I R S 1 I* V U ■
Jin4H?»)0''((ll'O':(l
dt-t d <! f 1 K i iwl » no m r 5 I ( » « '
> > • i ■ ! i I i 1 ( ) * I - - I
Telewriter-64 also generates
true lower case characters. This is
much preferable to the reverse
characters that merely "represent"
lower case letters in other co-co
word processors.
Telewriter-64 is feature packed.
Besides the standard features
TELEWRITER-64
found in any word processor, Tele-
writer also includes: user-friendly
full-screen editing, rapid cursor
and scrolling control, page jump,
right justification, menu-driven
disk or cassette access, compata-
bility with spelling checkers (such
as Spell-and-Fix), and a clever
double check that asks the user
"Are you sure?" before executing
any operation that would kill any
sizeable amount of your text.
Telewriter-64 runs on any 16K,
32K, or 64K system (extended
Basic not required) and works with
any printer. It has all of the control
codes necessary to take full ad-
vantage of all of the features in any
printer. There is even a "typewri-
ter" mode which sends typed lines
directly to your printer.
With advanced word processing
software such as this, your color
computer becomes a truly power-
ful word processing system, with a
price that makes sense for the per-
sonal user.
Beyond impressive capability,
Telewriter-64 simply makes any
kind of writing a pleasure. It is a
truly sophisticated system that is
marvelously easy to learn and en-
joyable to use.
Disk . . .
Cassette
159.95
49.95
EXTENSION CABLE FOR QUALITY DISK DRIVE CABLES
YOUR MODEM/PRINTER
Place your modem or printer where you
want. 15 ft. cable with four-pin male
and four-pin female DIN connectors.
$19.95
COCO ROM/PROJECT/PRODUCT CASE
QUANTITY
2-4(2min.)
5-9
10-99
100&up
PRICE EACH
$5.50
3.50
2.75
CALL
Give a Professional look to your project or product
• Designed especially for the Color Computer ROM slot.
• High quality 3 piece injection molded black plastic with
spring-loaded door.
• Same size and specifications as Radio Shack ROMpak
SUPER-PRO KEYBOARD
REPLACEMENT PROFESSIONAL
KEYBOARD KIT...ONLY $69.95
• Contour molded, full travel keys for fast smooth typing.
• Custom madetofitprecisely. Hassamekey layout.
• Complete, easy instructions for any CoCo or TDP-1 00.
• Ideal for word processing and other serious CoCo use.
Note : For computers manufactured af terOct. 1 982, add $4.95
UPGRADE IN JUST MINUTES!
COLORWARE
COLORWARE INC
78-03F Jamaica Ave.
Woodhaven NY 11421
(212) 647-2864
High quality cable and high force, gold plated contacts
ensure the utmost in connection reliability for your CoCo
or TDP-100.
© Disk pack extender, 3 ft. . . $29.95
Allows you to move your disk drive
interface back and out of the way.
© One Drive Disk cable $19.95
© Two Drive Disk cable $29.95
COLORWARE UGHT PEN
ONLY $19.95
FREE PROGRAM
CASSETTE
INCLUDED
Plugs directly into your joystick port.
Comes with six fun & useful programs on tape.
Easy instructions show how to use it with Basic.
Comptible with light pen software such as Computer
Island's "Fun-pak."
TOLL FREE ORDERING
800-221-0916
Orders only. NY& info call (2 12) 647-2664
VfSA
WE PAY
shipping on any order that includes at least one game
Use our convenient toll free 800 line.
GHOSTGOBBLER
From Spectral Associates, this
"Pac" theme game is the best of it's
ype. Brilliant color, action and
ound, just like an arcade gobble
our way to glory, but watch for
hose ghosts! Get in on the wild fun
f this aame craze now. Tape:
21.95, Disk:$25.95
GHOSTGOBBLER
DONKEYKING
DONKEYKING
You simply can not buy a more impres-
sive game for your color computer than
this new wonder from Tom Mix. The
graphics, sound, and animation are all
just astonishing! There are four different
graphic screens and each is endless
fun. Requires 32K. Tape: $24.95, Disk:
$27.95
PROTECTORS
There are several good ver-
sions of the "Defender" theme
available for the CoCo. None,
however, rival this one from
Tom Mix. No other game
matches the detailed graphics
and sheer excitement oTthis top
seller. Requires 32K. Tape:
$24.95, Disk: $27.95
j. I, _p !■ if F_ L
v*?**
# * * 4 * i « '
CREATURE FEATURE
From Color Software, comes a
lightening swift shoot & dodge
the enemy game. It's clever
cross between "Robotron" and
"Beserk" themes, with bullets
flying everywhere. Solid, shoot-
em-up-fun. Requires 16K.
Tape:$17.95. Disk: $19.95
ANDROID ATTACK
Spectral Associates' very well
done "Berserk" type game with
some interesting added fea-
tures. Each cassette contains
both the 16K and 32K version.
The 32K version has voice out-
put! Plenty of action. Tape:
$21 .95
FROGGER
Just released by The Cornsoft
Group, this is the officially
licensed version from Sega, the
arcade manufacturer. It has it
all! 4 lane super highway,
snakes, turtles, logs, alligators,
etc. Lots of action and laughs!
Requires 1 6K. Tape: $19.95
THE COLORCADE.
SUPER JO YS TICK MODULE
ONLY
$19.95
INTERGALA C TtC FORCE
Your space fighter roars into the
Death Corridor. Lock-on and
blast the enemy fighter from the
sky. Now try dropping one into
Death Star's narrow exhaust
vent. It takes skill and guts.
Good luck! With "Star Wars"
theme song. From Anteco.
Tape: $24.95
* It's a Joystick Interface.
Now you can connect any Atari compatible joystick to your CoCo.
These sticks are extremely rugged & provide very fast response
and real arcade type action. They will improve the play of almost
any game. The difference will amaze you !
* It's a Rapid Fire Module!
Press the fire button on your joystick and get a great burst of fire
instead of just a single shot! Adds tremendously to the many
shooting type games that do not have repeat fire. With variable
burst speed.
it It's a 6ft Extender Cord.
THE ATARI
ONLY
$8.50
A well proven joystick, the Atari is
known for being rugged and reliable. It
gives good response and is the stan-
dard among home video players. Now
at a great price! Use with module above.
ZIRCON VIDEO
COMMAND
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$14.95
A GREAT
BUY!
This one has received outstanding re-
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beautifully and it has the truly fast and
positive response needed for high
speed play Actually out-performs some
joysticks that cost $50 or more.
WICO FAMOUS
"RED BALL"
THE BEST
VOUCANBUV
$34.95
The high performance joystick from the
people who make them for the arcade
machines. Built to take the abuse of
even the most enthusiastic player. This
is the best! Wico #15-9730. Use with
module above.
ORDERING
^INFORMATION
ADD $200 PER ORDER
FOR SHIPPING.
WE ACCEPT VISA, MASTERCARD,
CHECKS, M.O.
C.O.D. ADD $3.00 EXTRA.
NY RESIDENTS ADD SALESTAX.
OVERSEAS, FPO, APO, ADD 10%.
DEALER DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE.
IF ONE OR MORE GAMES
ARE INCLUDED,
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COLORWARE
COLOR WARE INC.
78-03 F Jamaica Ave.
Woodhaven, NY 11421
(212) 647-2864
VISA
l
TOLL FREE ORDERING
800-221 -091 6
Orders only. NY& Info call (212) 647-2864
GRAPHICS
1 \J iV
|
f the )
1
ECB
RAINBOW
E\SCINATING
FRACTALS
Geometry
of
Nature
By Robert Ddbouigo
>
_
D
on't read any further. Just take a long hard look at
the figure below. It is probably the most famous
example of a "fractal" shape and is named the
"Koch Snowflake" after its discovery by von Koch in 1904.
Notice that each successive stage in the construction of the
flake involves the addition of equilateral triangles (scaled
down by 1/3) along every segment of the perimeter; put
another way, the perimeter is increased self -similarly by an
extra I / 3 ateveryconsecutive stage. We probably agree that
the fractal flake is a very beautiful shape, but you may be
surprised to learn that until recently it was regarded as a
mathematical monstrosity, to be shunned by any self-
respecting scientist. The change in attitude, from monstros-
ity to curiosity to conventionality, is largely due to the
efforts of Benoit Mandelbrot who, more than anyone, has
put the subject on a respectable basis and showed its signifi-
cance for describing the real physical world.
We'll be drawing some regular fractals shortly on the 80C
but before we start let us see why fractals are so "odd" and
therefore so fascinating. If you examine the stages in the
snowflake construction, you will notice that the perimeter
increases without limit as (4/3) n , where N (which tends to
infinity) stands for the stage you have reached. Yet the area
of the flake stays perfectly finite! This is the first queer
feature of a fractal and you should contrast it with com-
monplace geometrical figures where the perimeters are finite
and simply go up as the square root of the enclosed areas.
The second thing to notice is that more and more corners are
( Robert Delbourgo, a professor of
Physics, and his schoolboy sons
Tino, 13, and Daniel, 11, started
computing as a hobby with the
purchase last year of a CoCo.)
introduced with each consecutive stage in the construction;
in the end so much jaggedness is introduced that it is impos-
sible to draw a line which grazes the boundary anywhere. In
the mathematical jargon, no tangents to the boundary curve
exist — again this is quite contrary to our experience with
ordinary geometrical shapes. Summarizing,
1) Boundaries of true fractals are infinite in extent,
2) No tangents may be drawn anywhere along a fractal
boundary.
Notwithstanding these difficulties, Mandelbrot has shown
that such behavior is quite natural in many physical settings
28 the RAINBOW July 1983
(e.g. the shape of a coastline, or the human vascular system)
and he has put the idea on a firm mathematical foundation. 1
strongly urge you to read his magnificent book, Fractals,
Form, Chance and Dimension, if you want to delve more
into the topic. It is written mainly for non-experts and
contains many striking examples of fractals, both regular
and random, as well as a complete list of references.
There are four programs for your delectation, Fractals 0
to 3. The first is based on circles, the second on spokes, the
third on cornered polygons and the fourth on edged poly-
gons. Although they are somewhat different from one
another, I suggest that you start by typing only two of them
first; say Fractal 1 and Fractal 3. If you like what you see,
carry on with the other two. Let me describe the main points
about the programs for those of you who want to under-
stand them more fully.
Listing: Fractal 0
Lines 1-7 provide the Title Card comprising Fractal Trees.
Lines 8-9 give instructions.
Lines 10-24 draw the circles in ever smaller radii (ratio of
PI/N). Note the dimensioned arrays which locate the
cente rs.
Lines 25-20 freeze and paint (if needed) the final fractal
shape.
Listing: Fractal 1
Lines 1-7 produce a Fractal Root System as the title card.
Lines 8-29 give instructions, drawing routine and final
painting in order. This time the basic shape is a spoked
figure and for aesthetic reasons the ratio of successive
radii is 3.3/N.
Listing: Fractal 2
Lines 1-8 give a Fractal Cornered Square.
Lines 1 2-25 will draw the closed polygons at the corners of
earlier ones. Here successive ratios are3/(N+2) to keep
the shapes within the confines of the screen.
Lines 26-30 for freezing the picture.
Listing: Fractal 3
Lines 1-7 produce a Title Card of a Fractal Edged Square.
Lines 11-28 draw the polygons, which touch along their
sides this time. It is necessary to reposition the centers
in this operation and this is carried out at the end of
Lines 17, 20 and 24.
In all of these programs I have assumed that your compu-
ter is 16K ECB, which is why I have restricted the ranges of
N values in the dimensioned arrays. Those of you with
greater memory may like to relax these ranges. For instance,
in the first listing, 32K people can change Line 19 to having
N>1 2 and Line 22 to having N>6, etc. One last suggestion:
Try randomizing your fractals by varying the directions
arbitrarily in the several programs. For instance, changing
Line 16 in Fractal 0 to
16 FORI=lTON:E=(RND(99*N))/99:A(I)=128+R*COS
(2*Pl*E/N): U(1)=96+R*SIN(2*PI*E/N):CIRCLE
(A(I),U(I)),R*PI/N,1:NEXTI
and make similar changes to Lines 1 8, 2 1 , 24. Do you think
that your final figure resembles a real map of a landscape?
Listing 0:
18. .
END
01C1
046F
0604
1 CLS:PRINT@3, "fractals 0 by r.
delbourgo" ;:PRINT@480, "15 willow
dene av, austral i s7005" ;
2 FORI=0TO32STEP32:FORJ=232TO247
:POKE1024+I+J, 128:NEXTJ, I:FORI=0
TO 1 : FOR J ■ 1 34T0358STEP32 : POKE 1 024
+I+J, 128:POKE1042+I+J, 128:NEXTJ,
I : FORI-0TO7: F0RJ-99T0387STEP288:
POKE1024+I+J, 128: POKE 1 042+1 +J, 12
8:NEXTJ, I
3 FOR I =0TO27STEP9 : FOR J=0TO64STEP
32 : POKE 1 090+ I+J , 128: POKE 1 378+ I +J
,128:NEXTJ,I .
4 FOR I =33T035 : FORJ=0TO288STEP288
: FORK=0TO27STEP9 : POKE 1 024+ I+J+K,
140:POKE1152+I+J+K, 131 : NEXTK, J, I
5 FORI=32TO160STEP128:FORJ=0TO28
8STEP288: FORK=0TO27STEP9: POKE 102
4+I+J+K, 138: POKE 1028+ I+J+K, 133:N
EXTK, J, I
6 F0RJ=64T0352STEP288: FORK=0TO27
STEP9: POKE 1024+ J +K, 139: POKE 1028+
J+K, 135:POKE1088+J+K, 142:POKE109
CASSETTE CONTROLLER
Allows you to hear your cassettes without
unplugging cables. Switch knob between
AUTO and MANUAL posilions.
SERIAL SWITCHER
Switch your serial port between two or three
peripherals. 2 -Port s 25°° 3 -Port
TOTALLY SOLDERLESS KITS
4K ■ 16K $ 20 00
16K - 32K $ 35 00
4K - 32K $ 50°°
All memory upgrades come complete with 16K or 32K button,
easy-to-follow instructions, and 90-day unconditional warranty.
PILOT LIGHT — Includes 5 different colored lenses, and
simple instructions. Mounts in 5 minutes to top cover of your
computer. With Lifetime Warranty, only s 7°°
I.C.s
6809ECPU . ...*25 00
6883 SAM s 25°°
6847 VDG 5 20 00
6821 PIA S 8 0Q
Full Set s 65 00
★ FREE *
CATALOGUE
CABLES
Direct Coax to TV-3', 6'. 9'. 12'. . MO 00
* Serial M to M *7 eB
Serial M to M, coiled - 5' *7 00
* Serial Ext. M to F *7 00
* Cass. Ext. M to F $ 7°°
Cass. Ext., coiled -5' .... $ 7°°
•Joystick Ext. M to F $ 7°°
'Prices shown are for 6 feet.
Extra length, add 50 c per ft.
Terms: Cashiers checks and money orders for immediate
delivery • Personal checks allow 2 weeks • Orders under S25
add S2 shipping • C.O.D. add S2 • California residents add 6%
4416 E. Chapman, Suite 284
Orange, CA. 92669
VIDTRON
July 1983 the RAINBOW 29
r -
W. i
2+J+K, 141 : NEXTK, J
7 PLAY"L20O3CESO4CO3BECP1 "
8 P0KE65495 , 0 : CLS : PR I NTS352 , " AF
TER THE DRAWING IS FINISHED YO
U MILL HEAR A SOUND. PRESS <P
> TO PAINT OUT SURROUNDS OR <C
> TO CONTINUE. ": PR I NT@0, " ENTER
MULTIPLICATION RATE OF CIRCLE
S (ANY INTEGER BETWEEN 4 AND
16) "; : INPUTN:PI=3. 14159265
9 IFN<40RN>16THEN8
1 0 PMODE4 , 1 : SCREEN 1,1: PCLS
11 I FN< 1 0THENR»N*7
12 IFN>9ANDN< 12THENR=N*5
13 IFN>11THENR=70
14 CIRCLE (128, 96) ,R, 1
15 DIMA(N) ,U(N)
16 FORI=lTON: A<I)=128+R*C0S(2*PI
*I/N) :U(I)=96+R*SIN(2*PI*I/N) :CI
RCLE(Ad) ,U(I) ) ,R*PI/N, l:NEXTI
17 R=PI*R/N:DIMB<N*N) ,V(N*N)
18 FORI=lTON*N:B(I)=A< 1+INT (1-1)
/N) +R*COS (2*PI*I /N) : V < I ) =U < 1+INT
<I-1)/N)+R*SIN(2*PI*I/N) : CIRCLE (
B ( I ) , V < I ) ) , R*PI /N, 1 : NEXTI
19 IFN>9THEN25
20 R=PI*R/N:DIMC(N*N*N) ,W(N*N*N)
21 FORI=lTON*N*N: C < I ) =B < 1 + INT < (I
-D/N) )+R*C0S(2*PI*I/N) :W<I)=V<1
'It. :\
r
Sit,
Shifter
NEW
■
A tai/cing "munc/i game" /or 1 or 2 simul-
taneous players. Developed by MIT grad in
machine language for incredible performance —
at fastest speed, you can cross the screen in
about 1 second. Shifting maze adds surprises.
Players greet each other when meeting. Can
select computer as opponent for 1 player.
$20.
Articulator I
Add speech to your programs or change dialog
in Shifter. Digitizes your voice from audio tape;
sound track may be put on tape as part of other
programs. Comes with Basic callable inteiface.
$20.
Both available on cassette for 16 or32K.Ext.
Basic not required* Sticks required for Shifter*
29 ENTERPRISES
1208 Country Ct. ■ Cary, NC 27511
+INT< (I-D/N) )+R*SIN<2*PI*I/N) :C
IRCLE<C(I) ,W(I) ) ,R*PI/N, 1: NEXTI
22 IFN>4THEN25
23 R=PI*R/N:DIMD(256) :DIMX(256)
24 F0RI=1T0256: D<I)=C< 1+INT ( (1-1
)/4) )+R*C0S<PI*I/2) : X <I)=W<1 + INT
< (I-D/4) )+R*SIN<PI*I/2) : CIRCLE (
D < I ) , X ( I ) ) , R*PI /4, 1 : NEXTI
25 SOUND 100, 1
26 I *= I NKE Y* : I F I *= " " THEN26
27 IFI*«"P"THENPAINT<253,96)
: PAINT (3, 96) , 1 , 1 : SCREEN1 , 0
28 I F I *= " C " THENRUNS
B0T026
1.1
Listing 1:
8 026E
19 03DF
END ...05B0
1 CLS0:R=127+16*RND(8) :F0RI=15T0
495STEP32: POKE 1024+ I , R: NEXTI : FOR
I=257T0285: POKE1024+I , R: NEXTI : FO
RI=104TO118:POKE1024+I,R:POKE134
4+1 , R: NEXTI : P0KE1484 , R: POKE1490,
R
2 DATA44,50, 105, 117, 172, 178, 197,
217, 258, 264, 278, 284, 325, 345, 364,
370,425,437
3 F0RI=1T018:READD:P0KE992+D,R:P
OKE1023+D, R: POKE1024+D, R: POKE102
5+D,R: POKE1056+D, R: NEXTI
4 PRINTS2, "fractals 1 " ; : PR I NTS 16
, "by"; :PRINT@19, "r . del bourgo" ; :P
RINTQ480, "15, )willowdene av,aust
ralia7005";
7 PLAY " L20O3CE6O4CO3BECP 1 "
8 POKE65495,0:CLS:PRINT@352, " AF
TER THE DRAWING IS FINISHED YO
U WILL HEAR A SOUND. PRESS <P
> TO PAINT OUT SURROUNDS OR <C
> TO CONTINUE. ": PR I NTS0, " ENTER
MULTIPLICATION RATE OF SPIKES
(ANY INTEGER BETWEEN 4 AND
16) "; : INPUTN:PI=3. 14159265
9 IFN<40RN>16THEN8
10 PM0DE4, l: SCREEN 1, l: PCLS: M=P I /
N
11 IFN< 10THENR=N*7
12 I FN >9ANDN< 1 2THENR=N*5
13 IFN>11THENR=70
15 DIMA(N) ,U<N)
16 F0RI=1T0N: A(I)=128+R*C0S(M+2*
PI*I /N) : U ( I ) =96+R*SIN (M+2*PI*I /N
) :LINE(128,96)-<A< I) ,U<I) ) ,PSET:
NEXTI
17 R=3.3*R/N:DIMB(N*N) , V(N*N)
18 F0RI=1T0N*N:B<I)=A<1+INT(I-1)
/N) +R*COS (2*PI*I /N) : V < I ) =U < 1 + INT
(1-1) /N)+R*SIN<2*PI*I/N) : LINE <B<
I ) , V ( I ) )-<A< 1+INT < 1-1) /N) ,U(1+IN
T( I-D/N) ) ,PSET: NEXTI
19 IFNM0THEN25
30
the RAINBOW July 1983
TO REALIZE THE FULL POWER & PERFORMANCE OF THE 6809, LOOK TO GIMIX.
GIMIX OFFERS YOU A VARIETY OF SS50 BUS COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS. " u
OS-9 GMX III
The OMX 6808 CPU III aral QS-« QMX Ul,A MUfruser, Mulfciasking »ckaq«.to
the ui?imate in System Peilortrance pitre aotsetton # the system BftcJ other users
Iran crashes caused by errors in iridtviduai o^pri^rams^ m -^NNih
#01 (CPU S Software) ^JgpjrSlfflfcm
WTElteENt I/O PROCESSOR BQA8DS increase system throughput by reducing
inter uc*s to tte tel. buffering <ixa -transfers, and data "p reprocessing: /prices
'. include .an toafd' iintware, Reouirei system ihvers.
#11 3 port Sena! . . . 4 ,- . ■ ■
#124{,fflt! 5 a'a ie' (SS5?)
W j
$Kfl.i2;
:OS-9;8MXtlt'drryerH:: : (m^eaipM^rchasecM^
OS-9 level 2 users - contact GfMIX for system requ'rements and .av^abf^S |£i
122K GMX III #78 SYSTEMS: •< indude GMX 6809 CPU 111 and GMX lif
{#01 }.; a #1 1 3 port Inte ligent serial i/C & cables; WftClassy Ct^)$l|9?«B5#c;
BAV , #63 DMA cOfttf oiler, al necsssary cables, power regulators, and fii=er plates
Thfc CS-9 Editor, Assami^r. Debugger, BASlC-09, and RUNB are tneiiSiaf;? 1 \
#7Sw!:n-„'uai 40 track &SB8 drives'
#79 with fluai 80 track DSOD drives
m
1.79
$7598.79
18999.79
43
with #90 13MB Winder subsystem & oce 80 track OSDD drive
umfliX for tne^MX $8t}& CPli-lii ;; ari d; i^ishi-l/O boards is to
OS-9 GMX I; OS-9 GMX II; FLEX; and UniFLEX
The #05 GIMIX 6809 PLUS CPU board $578.05
Options: GMX DAT $35.00 SWTPCDAT $15.00
9511 A $312.00 9512 $265.00
#49 64KB GHOST SYSTEM includes: #05 CPU; #19 Classy Chassis; 64KB static RAM; a #43 2
port serial card & cables: #68 DMA Controller; all necessary cables, power regulators, and filler
plates; GMXBUG monitor; FLEX; and OS-9 GMX I. You can software select either FLEX or
OS-9, The OS-9 Editor, Assembler, Debugger, BASIC-09, and RUNB are also Included.
#49 with dual 40 track DSDD drives $4398.49
#49 with dual 80 track DSDD drives $4698.49
#49 with #88 8" Dual Drive Disk System $5998.49
#49 with #90 19MB Winchester subsystems & one 80 track DSDD drive $7398.49
#39 128KB SYSTEM includes: #05 CPUwDAT: #19 Classy Chassis; 128KB of static RAM; a
#43 2 port serial card & cables; #68 DMA Controller; all necessaty cables, power regulators,
and filler plates; GMXBUG monitor; FLEX; and OS-9 GMX II. You can software select either
FLEX or OS-9. The OS-9 Editor, Assembler, Debugger, BASIC-09, and RUNB. and GMX-VDISK
for FLEX are included.
#39 with dual 40 track DSDD drives $4998.39
#39 with dual 80 track DSDD drives $5298.39
#39 with #88 8' ' Dual Drive Disk System $6598.39
#39 with #90 1 9M B Winchester subsystem & one 80 track DSDD d rive $7998.39
UniFLEX, available at extra cost, requires 8" or Winchester drives. A signed license agreement
with TSC is required before shipment.
You can add to any GIMIX system RAM, l/Os and other options, or
substitute non-volatile RAM. GIMIX will customize to your needs.
COMING SOON: Contact GIMIX for price and availability on 40MB and 72MB Winchester
(5V<") drives, removeable pack Winchesters, 256KB static RAM boards.
All GIMIX systems are guaranteed for 2MHz operation. GIMIX systems Include documentation
for all boards and software In a GIMIX binder. ALL DRIVES ARE 100% TESTED AND ALIGNED
BY GIMIX.
ALL BOARDS AND SYSTEMS ARE ASSEMBLED, BURNED-IN, AND TESTED. GOLD-PLATED
BUS CONNECTORS ARE USED.
TO ORDER BY MAIL: SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER OR USE YOUR VISA OR MASTER CHARGE. Please
allow 3 weeks for personal checks to clear. U.S. orders add $5 handling if order is under $200.00. Foreign
orders add $10 handling if oider Is under $200.00. Foreign orders over $200.00 will be shipped via Emery Air
Freight COLLECT, and we will charge no handling. All orders must be prepaid In U.S. funds. Please note that
foreign checks have been taking about 8 weeks for collection so we would advise wiring money, or checks
drawn on a bank account in the U.S. Our bank is the Continental Illinois National Bank of Chicago, 231 S.
LaSalle Street, Chicago, IL 60693, account #73-32033, Visa or Master Charge also accepted.
EXPORT MODELS: ADD $30 FOR 50Hz. POWER SUPPUES.
GIMIX Inc. reserves the right to change pricing, terms, and product specifications at any time without
further notice.
ALL PRICES ARE F.O.B. CHICAGO
Gimix
Choose from GIMIX' wide variety of system components.
The GIMIX CLASSY CHASSIS #19 consists of a heavyweight aluminum cabinet, constant
voltage ferro-resonant power supply, and SS50 Mother board with baud rate gen-
erator board $1398.19
Triple Disk regulator card and cables $88.22 Baud rate generator card $88.93
Missing cycle detector $38.23 Filler plates $14.92
Back panel connector plates (specify) . $8.60 50 Hz. option $30.00
MEMORIES (GIMIX uses only Static RAM) f
#67 64KB NMOS STATIC RAM board $478.67
#64 64KB CMOS STATIC RAM board w/battery back-up $568. 54
#34 8 K PROM board $98 34
#32 1 6 socket PROM/ROM/ RAM board $23£ 32
I/O Boards (see above for Intelligent l/Os)
#41 Single port serial. RS232/20rna. current loop $88.41
#43 2 port serial, RS232 $128.43
#46 8 port serial, RS232 ., $318.46
#42 2 port parallel $83.42
#45 8 port parallel $198.45
#50 serial, RS232, RS422, RS423 S244.Su
#52 SSDA serial, RS232, RS422, RS423 , , $254.52
#54 ADLC serial, RS232, RS422, RS423 $260.54
Each cable with connectors for back panel mounting (specify board) $24.95
DISK CONTROLLERS
#68 DMA (featured in all systems above) $588.68
#28dbl. dens, programmed I/O (5" drives only) $298.28
#58 single dens, programmed I/O (5' ' and/or 8" drives) $226.58
#48 same as #58 but for 5" drives only S19&4B
Cable sets: 8" with Back Panel connector $2$,ft>
for two 8" external drives $44.26
for two 5" drives $34.56
SOFTWARE: GIMIX exclusive versions of 0S-9/GMX I, II, III & FLEX are for GIMIX hardware
only. All versions of OS-9 require the #68 controller.
When ordered with any controller, FLEX Is $SC.G£
GMXBUG PROMs and manual $9$,6S
Boot or Video boot PROM $30.00 UNIFLEX boot PROM $58.00
OS-9 GMX I $200.00 OS-9 GMX II $50CC0
Editor $125.00 Assembler $125.00
BASIC-09 $200.00 RUNB $1t«.C0
DISK DRIVES FOR GIMIX SYSTEMS ~ complete with cables and power regulators.
5"' DSDD 40 track 2 for $900.00
5" DSDD 80 track 2 for $1300 ft*
#88" Dual 8" DSDD drives, cabinet, power supply, & cables $2698 «3
Cabinet only $848.18 220V 50Hz. Option, add $3Q.0iu<
Filler plate $14.83 Cable for 2 drives ... $44, A2
Cable for 4 drives $67.84 Cable for cabinet to mainframe $45.B %
WINCHESTER SUBSYSTEMS: for use only In GIMIX systems with #68
DMA controller.
#90: Includes one 19MB drive, interface, and Software $3583 JS&
#91 : includes two 19MB drives, interface and Software $5268.81
Contact GIMIX for price and availability of other forthcoming subsystems.
OTHER BOARDS
#76 GHOST 80X24 VIDEO BOARD $3^.76
#66 50 pin Protoboards $56.66 #33 30 pin ProtoboardS
#03 6800 CPU $224.03
#06 6800 CPU with timers $288.06 Baud rate option, add S30.00
#08 RELAY DRIVER (board, bracket, transformer, and 31 relays) $1128.08
#86 - #08 (board, bracket, transformer, without relays) $53fL36
#85 OPTO board $348.85
WINDRUSH EPROM PROGRAMMER $375.00
3"' Binder 12.00 2" Binder $9.00
GIMIX DOES NOT GUARANTEE PERFORMANCE OF ANY GIMIX SYSTEMS, BOARDS OR SOFT-
WARE WHEN USED WITH OTHER MANUFACTURERS PRODUCT.
DON'T SEE IT??? ASK! OUR BROCHURE HAS MORE COMPLETE DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECS.
PHONE OR WRITE TODAY FOR YOUR COPY.
BASIC-09 and OS-9 are trademarks dl Mfcrware Systems Cap. and MOTOROLA, Inc. FLEX and UniFLEX are trademarts of
Technical Systems Consultants, Inc. GIMIX, GHOST. GMX, CLASSY CHASSIS, are trademarks of GIMIX. Inc.
inC. 1337 WEST 37th PLACE • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60609
(312)927-5510 • TWX 910-221-4055
20 R-3.3*R/N:DIMC<N*N*N) ,w<n*n*n
>
21 F0RI=1T0N*N*N:C(I)=B<1+INT( <I
-D/N) )+R*C0S(M+2*PI*I/N) :W<I)=V
<1+INT( (I— 1) /N) >+R*SIN(M+2*PI*I/
N) : LINE (C ( I ) ,W<I) >-<B<l+INT(I-l)
/N),V<1+INT<I— 1 ) /N) > ,pset:nexti
22 I FN >5THEN25
23 R=3.3*R/N:DIMD(N*N*N*N) IDIMX (
N*N*N*N)
24 F0RI=1T0N*N*N*N:D<I)=C<1+INT<
< I - 1 ) / N ) > +R*COS (2*PI*I/N):X<I)=W
<1+INT< <I-1)/N) )+R*SIN(2*PI*I/N)
:LINE<D(I) ,X<I> >-<C<l + INT(I-l)/N
) ,W<1+INT<I-1) /N) > ,PSET:NEXTI
25 SOUND 1 00 , 1
26 I *= I NKE Y* : I F I *= " " THEN26
27 IFI*="P"THENPAINT (253, 96) , 1 , 1
: PAINT (3, 96) ,1, l: SCREEN 1,0
28 IFI*="C"THENRUN8
B0T026
i ■ i H *
Listing 2:
20..
END
030&
0609
078B
1 CLS0:R=127+16*RND<8> :FORI=0TO6
: FORJ=0TO480STEP32: POKE1024+I+J ,
R: POKE 1 049+ I + J , R: NEXT J, I : F0RI=7T
024 : FOR J=0TO32STEP32 : POKE 1 024+1 +
J,R:P0KE1472+I+J,R: NEXTJ, I
COLOR
COMPUTER
Buyers Club
•Members enjoy a 30 - 40% savings on software!
• More being added monthly!
• Hardware & accessories atsubstantial savings!
• Monthly specials and reviews!
• Special orders service for members!
» Mo service charge for VISA or MC!
• Your savings can far exceed your dues!
Join Today And Start Saving!
Dues are $22.50 - We accept
vrsA' _l
Personal Checks, M.O. or Charge It! £
91
NAME
ADDRESS
C/TY
STATE
ZIP
d VISA o MC Exp. Date
Mail to:
Color Computer Buyers Club
P.O. Box 241
Eaton Rapids, Ml 48827
2 FOR I =0TO5 : FOR J=0TO32STEP32 : POK
E1101+I+J,R: P0KE1421+I+J, R: NEXTJ
, I : FORI=0TO1 : FORJ=0TO96STEP32: PO
KE 1 224+ 1 + J , R : POKE 1 238+ 1 + J , R : NE X T
J, I
3 DATA4, 10, 16,22, 132, 150,260,278
,388,394,400,406
4 FOR I = 1 TO 1 2 : READD : POKE 1 024+D , R-
1 : POKE 1 025+D , R-3 : POKE 1 026+D , R-2 :
POKE 1 027+D , R- 1 : POKE 1 028+D , R-3 : PO
KE1029+D, R-2: POKE1056+D, R-4: POKE
1 057 +D , R- 1 3 : POKE 1 058+D , 1 28 : POKE1
059+D ,128: POKE 1 060+D , R- 1 4 : POKE 1 0
61+D,R-8
5 POKE 1088+D,R-l: POKE 1089+D,R-7:
POKE1090+D, 128:POKE1091+D, 128: PO
KE1092+D, R-l 1 : POKE1093+D, R-2: POK
El 120+D, R-4: POKE1 121+D, R-12: POKE
1 122+D, R-8: POKE1 123+D, R-4: POKE1 1
24+D, R-12: POKE1 125+D, R-8: NEXT I
6 FOR J =0TO6 : FORK=0TO96STEP32 : POK
E1095+J+K, 128: POKE1 107+J+K, 128:P
0KE1351+J+K, 128: P0KE1363+J+K, 128
: NEXTK, J
7 PRINTS203, "fractals 2";: PRINTS
239, "by"; :PRINT@267, "r.delbourgo
"5 :PRINT@328, "15,willowdene av";
:PRINT@360, "austral i a 7005"j:
8 PLAY " O3L20CE8O4CO38ECP 1 " : P0KE6
5495, 0
9 CLS:PRINT@352, " WHEN YOU THE F
RACTALS ARE ALL DRAWN YOU WILL
HEAR A SOUND. PRESS <P> TO P
AINT OUT THE SURROUNDS OR <
C> TO CONTINUE. "
10 PRINTS0," ENTER THE NUMBER OF
SIDES OF THE FRACTAL POLYGON
(3 - 8) ";: INPUTN:PI=3. 14159265
11 IFN>8ORN<3THEN10
12 R= (N+4)*5. 6 : PMODE4, 1: SCREEN 1,
1 : PCLS
13 DIMA<N),U<N)
14 FORJ=lTON: A( J)=128+R*C0S(2*PI
*J/N) : U ( J ) =96+R*S I N ( 2*P I * J / N ) : NE
XT J
15 forj=lton:line<a<j) ,u(j) )-<a<
j+1-n*int(j/n) ) ,u(j+1-n*int(j/n)
) ),pset: nextj
16 r=3*r/ (n+2) : dimb< n*n) , v <n*n)
17 fori=iton:forj=iton:b<j+<i-d
*n) =a < i ) +r*cos ( 2*p i * j /n ) : v < j+ < i -
1)*n)=u(i)+r*sin(2*pi*j/n) : nextj
18 FORJ=lTON:K=J+(I-l)*N:LINE<B<
K),V<K)) - <B <K+1-N*INT ( J/N) ) , V(K+
1-N*INT(J/N) ) ) ,PSET: NEXTJ, I
19 R=3*R/ (N+2) :DIMC<N*N*N) ,W<N*N
*N)
20 fori=iton*n:forj=iton:c<j+<i-
1)*n)=b(i)+r*c0s(2*pi*j/n) :w<j+(
i-1)*n)=v<i)+r*sin(2*pi*j/n) : nex
32 the RAINBOW July 1983
CoCo HEADQUARTERS
Looking to unlock the capacity of your Color Computer?
Search no more
TOLL FREE
1-800-251-5008
IM
■III
■ III
■ III
■mi
Extended Basic $ 89
32/64k Upgrade $ 69
16k Upgrade $ 25
R/S Disk Controller $189
1 . 1 Basic ROM $ 2 7
Amdek Disk Drives
00
00
00
00
00
$ Call!
SPECIALS \^^^^^^^^
Super Pro Keyboard Kit
26-3004 Color Computer 16k
26-3002 Extended 16k CoCo
26-3003 32k Extended CoCo
26-3003(d) 32/64k Ext. CoCo
26-1192 CGP-115 Printer
ACCESSORIES
$ 69.95
$ 179.00
$ 269.00
$ 379.00
$ 349.00
$ 179.00
Hayes SM1200 Modem $ 599
USR AL212 (300/1200) $ 495
Hayes SM 300 Modem $ 239
R/S D.C. Modem 2 $ 215
USR AL300 $ 199
R/S D.C. Modem 1 $ 129
Hayes/USR Cable $ 19
26-3020 Cable $ 5
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
2 5
26-1208 CCR-81
26-3008 Joysticks
Kraft Joystick
Wico Track Ball
Wico Joystick
Wico Adapter
Verbatim Disks
Elephant Disks
SOFTWARE
Telewriter 64 $ 59
Telewriter 64 $ 49
Zaxxon by Sega $ 34
The King by Tom Mix $ 26
The Frog by Tom Mix $ 27
Trapfall by Tom Mix $ 27
The Bar Zapper $ 15.95(Cass)
95(Disk) Space Shuttle $28
95(Cass) Colorpede $29
95(C or D) Mark Data A d v e n t u r e s $ 2 4
95(Cass) Ghost Gobbler $19
95(Cass) MSI DATABASE $39
95 (Cass) MSI Color Finance $59
95 (Cass)
95 (Cass)
95 (Cass)
95 (Cass )
95 (Disk)
95 (Disk)
The Graph Zapper
**** All TRS-80 Software 13% off list *****
$15.95 (Cass)
Others include - Spectral Associates, Anteco, Prickly Pear,
Mark Data, Tom Mix, Botek Instruments, Intracolor Communications.
Sugar Software, Cogni tec ,
and many more!
TOLL FREE
TENNESSEE
1-800-545-2502
All of the above units covered by our 120
day carry in warranty, (d) denotes "Delker"
(200ns) memory guaranteed for 1 year.
TRS-80 Trademark Tandy Corporation.
Prices subject to change without notice.
Sale prices good through June 30, 1983.
Write for our FREE newsletter!
TeleChtfck
V/SA'
TOLL FREE
1-800-251-5008
(DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME)
DELKER ELECTRONICS, INC,
P.O. BOX 897
DEPT D
SMYRNA, TN 37167
800-251-5008
61 5-459-2636 (TENNESSEE)
TJ
21 forj=iton:k=j+<i-1)*n:line<c<
K) ,W(K) >- (C (K+1-N*INT (J/N) ) ,W(K+
1-N*INT(J/N) > ) ,PSET:NEXTJ, I
22 IFNMTHEN26
23 R=3*R/ (N+2) : DIMD <N*N*N*N) , X (N
♦N*N*N)
24 fori=iton*n*n:forj=iton:d<j+<
i-1)*n)=c(i)+r*c0s(2*pi*j/n) : x (j
+<i-1)*n)=w(i)+r*sin(2*pi*j/n) :n
EXTJ
25 forj=iton:k=j+(i-d*n:line(D(
K> , X <K) )-<D(K+l-N*INT(J/N) ) , X <K+
1-N*INT(J/N) > ) , PSET: NEXTJ, I
26 SOUND 100, 1
27 I *= I NKE Y* : I F I *= " " THEN27
28 IFI*="P"THENPAINT<253,96)
: SCREEN 1,0
29 IFI*="C"THENRUN9
30 B0T027
1 . 1
Listing 3:
& 02C1
21 0680
END ...08EA
1 R=RND (8) : CLSR: FORJ=0TO1 1 : FORK=
0TO224STEP32: POKE1 162+J+K, 128: NE
XTK, J."DATA16, 132,278,394
2 FOR I = 1 T04 : RE ADD : FOR J =0TO5 : FORK
=0TO96STEP32 : POKE 1024+ J+K+D, 128:
NEXTK J J, I : DATA13, 71 , 86, 129,217,2
wild party
A naughty, sexy computer game
for 2 to 6 couples.
Game varies
every time you play.
Your parties will be
the hit of your neighborhood
All prompts from TV screen,
no need to read
complicated instructions.
On cassette tape.
For 16K Color Computer.
Extended BASIC not required.
$35*00 incl postage.
(PA resid add $2.10)
Send check to P.O. Box 210,
Jenkintown, PA 19046
b&b software
60, 348, 391 , 406, 464
3 fori=5TO14:readd:forj=0TO2:for
k=0to32step32: poke 1024+ j+k+d, 128
: nextk, j, i :data1 1,40, 55,69,98, 18
6, 215, 258, 317, 360, 389, 404, 433
4 FOR 1 = 1 5T027 : READD : POKE! 024+D, 1
22+ 1 6*R : POKE 1 025+D , 1 28 : NEX T I : POK
E1152, 1 28 : POKE 1 407 , 128
5 DATA77, 106, 121, 150, 193,252,295
, 324 ,412,441, 455 , 470 , 499 : FOR I =28
TO40 : READD : POKE 1 024+D , 1 28 : POKE 1 0
25+D, 117+16*R: NEXTI
6 PRINT6203, "fractals 3";: PRINT®
239, "by"; :PRINT@267, "r.delbourgo
"5 :PRINT@299, "15,willowdene av"j
:PRINT@331, "austral i a 7005";
7 PLA Y " O3L20CEBO4CO3BECP 1 " : P0KE6
5495,0
8 CLS:PRINT@352, " WHEN THE FRACT
ALS ARE DRAWN A SOUND WILL BE
HEARD. PRESS <P> TO PAINT OUT S
URROUNDS OR <C> TO CONTINUE."
9 PRINTS0, " ENTER THE NUMBER OF
SIDES OF THE FRACTAL POLYGON
(3 - 8) "; : INPUTN:PI=3. 14159265: M
=2/N
10 I FN >80RN< 3THEN9
11 R=(N+4)*5:PM0DE4, l: SCREEN 1, 1:
PCLS
12 DIMA(N) ,U(N)
13 F0RJ=1T0N: A(J)=128+R*C0S(2*PI
*J/N> :U(J)=96+R*SIN(2*PI*J/N) : NE
XT J
14 F0RJ=1T0N:LINE(A(J) ,U(J) >-(A(
J+1-N*INT(J/N) ) ,U(J+1-N*INT(J/N)
) > , PSET: NEXTJ: F0RJ=1T0N: A ( J ) =A ( J
) +M*R*COS (2* ( J + l ) *PI /N) : U < J ) =U< J
)+M»R*SIN(2*<J+l)*PI/N) : NEXTJ
15 r=m*r:dimb(n*n) , v(n*n)
16 fori=iton:forj=iton:b(j+(i-d
*n) =a ( i ) +r*cos (2*pi* ( j+2) /n+pi ) :
v ( j+ ( 1-1 ) *n ) =u ( i ) +r*sin (2*pi* ( j+
2) /n+pi) : nextj
17 forj=iton:k=j+(i-d*n:line(B(
k) , v (k) ) — (b (k+1-n*int(j/n) ) , v(k+
1-n*int(j/n) ) ), pset: nextj: forj=l
ton: k=j+ ( i — 1 ) *n: b (k) =b (k) +m*r*co
s (2* ( j+3) *pi /n+pi ) : v (k) =v (k) +m*r
*sin(2*(j+3)*pi/n+pi) : nextj, i
ib r=m*r: dimc (n*n*n) , w <n*n*n)
1 9 for 1 = 1 ton*n : for j = 1 ton : c ( j + ( i -
1 ) *n> =b ( i ) +r*cos (2*pi* (j+2) /n+pi
*2/n) :w(j+(i-1)*n)=v(i)+r*sin(2*
pi*(j+2) /n+pi*2/n) :nextj
20 forj=iton:k=j+(I-d*n:line(C(
K) ,W(K) )-(C(K+l-N*INT(J/N) ) , W(K+
1-N*INT(J/N) ) ), PSET: NEXTJ :FORJ=l
TON: K=J+ ( 1-1 ) *N: C (K) =C (K) +M*R*CO
S(2*(J+4)*PI/N) :W(K)=W(K)+M*R*SI
N(2*(J+4)*PI/N) :NEXTJ, I
34
the RAINBOW July 1983
21 IFN>4THEN29
22 R=M*R: DIMD <N*N*N*N) , X <N*N*N*N
>
23 FORI=lTON*N*N:FORJ=lTON:D(J+(
I - 1 ) *N > =C < I ) +R*COS ( 2*P I * J / N+P I > :
X < J+ ( 1-1 > *N>=W ( I ) +R*SIN (2*PI*J/N
+PI) : NEXT J
24 F0RJ=1T0N:K=J+(I-1>*N:LINE(D(
K> ,X(K) >-(D(K+l-N*INT(J/N) > , X <K+
1-N*INT(J/N) > > ,pset:nextj:forj=i
TON : K= J+ < I - 1 ) *N : D < K ) =D < K > +M*R*CO
S<2*(J-4>*PI/N+PI/N) : X (K)=X (K>+P
*R*SIN <2* (J-4> *PI/N+PI/N> : NEXT J,
I
25 I FN >3THEN29
26 R=M*R : D I ME < N*N*N*N*N ) , Y < N*N*N
*N*N>
27 FORI=lTON*N*N*N:FORJ=lTON:E<J
+ < 1-1 > *N> =D < I > +R*COS (2*PI* ( J+3> /
N) : Y(J+(I-1)*N>=X<I)+R*SIN<2*PI*
(J+3)/N) :NEXTJ
28 forj=iton:k=j+<i-i>*n:line<e<
k> , y <k) ) - <e <k+1-n*int (j/n) > ,y(k+
1-n*int(j/n) > > ,pset:nextj, i
29 SOUND 100, 1
30 I*=INKEY*: IFI*=""THEN30
31 IFI*="P"THENPAINT (253,96) ,1,1
: SCREEN 1 , 0
32 IFI*="C"THENRUN8
33 BOTO30 _
s
0
Video
Plus
connects the Color Computer to
a composite video monitor.
you'll love the crisp, clear picture
with no RF interference.
Fully assembled and tested
Easy to install - no soldering.
everything you need is included. jj
Guaranteed to work. Tested on many brands,
so you know you have a quality product.
Does not disable your TV interface. Change
from monitor to TV and back or display both?
Works with color and monochrome monitors
- any composite video/monitor can be used.
Easy adjustment optimizes the video signal
exactly for your monitor and computer.
Works with every motherboard version!
Doaic- irvOui «i invited
OMPUTBRWARE
®
Box 668
Enclnitas, Ca. 92024
(619) 436-3512
$24.95
(plus $2 shipping)
HAPPY ANNIVERSARY, RAINBOW !!
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STANDARD BASIC
BEAR BONES SOFTWARE
Suite 108
G-3117 Corunna Road
Flint, Michigan ^850^
SOOOPER PAC - BEAR BONES SOFTWARE- SOOOPER PAC - BEAR BONES
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 35
CoCo COUNSEL
sop
'HE SECR
SUCCESSFUL
o SOFTWARE 0
OUBMISSIONO
BY TOM NELSON
RAINBOW CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
Independent software authors face a bewildering
assortment of problems in trying to present software to
the software house for marketing, or should 1 say, the
software industry faces these problems. The problems are
latent, and many authors, and perhaps even software
houses, are often not aware of them.
The problems arise from the ever-present potential for
one person to misappropriate the ideas or programs of
another, or for an author to perceive that a software house
has stolen the author's programs or ideas. There's always the
reality that it is much easier to just steal someone's source
code, slightly modify it, and then publish it as a "different"
program without giving the author credit than it would be to
independently develop the software. It must be said here
that any company that did this would not last long in the
industry. On the other hand, since software houses are con-
tinually developing their own software, misunderstandings
can easily arise if a company later markets a piece of soft-
ware with a similar theme to that submitted by an independ-
ent author at some earlier data.
This tremendous potential for actual rip-offs or perceived
rip-offs cries for a solution to clarify the relationship which
will be entered into between the author and the software
house. Both sides have legitimate interests which must be
dealt with before any software is sent or received. Honest
authors and software houses have no desire or intent to
cheat one another, but both sides also have legitimate fears
that they may be cheated or subjected to a frivolous lawsuit.
To the rescue the software submission agreement.
Software submission agreements are universally used in
industries which market products based on "intellectual
property" such as software. The underlying purpose of the
agreement is to inform the author that submitted software
will not be held in confidence, but the author will have all
protection afforded by the copyright laws. As an example of
one of these agreements 1 will present here the core language
(Tom Nelson is a Special Assistant Attorney General
for the State o f Minnesota representing various state
agencies, and a consultant to Nelson Software
Systems. He has written almost all the manuals for the
programs in the Super "Color" Library.)
of the software submission agreement used by a well-known
company. This agreement is representative of agreements
used by many companies.
This submission agreement is in the form of a letter. It is
sent in response to inquiries about submitting software, or in
response to software submitted without first having in-
quired in advance about the company's policies. The agree-
ment first indicates that this agreement must form the basis
for any submission. It then introduces the company and its
policies toward outside submissions, and the need for a
submission agreement. The remainder of the agreement is
36 the RAINBOW July 1983
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3170 W. Central Avenue
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Toledo, OH 43606
PHONE (419) 537-1432 (IN OHIO)
11 a.m. to 9 p.m. EST
devoted to the terms for submissions. Many companies will
discuss royalty arrangements and their general philosophy
of marketing sof tware as well. The operative language of the
agreement is, of course, the most important. The following
terms are exemplary:
In order to protect both your rights and the rights of
the company we will retain your submission in the
Legal Department files, and we will consider your
submission only upon the following conditions:
1) All sketches, drawings and written disclosures
must be submitted by way of copy only, and the com-
pany shall have the right to retain such copies in its
files. These copies may not be returned to the sub-
mittor.
2) The company shall have the right to consultothers
as to the value of and interest in ideas and disclosures
submitted to it by the outside person. The company
shall only consult others when, in its sole judgment, it
deems it necessary and desirable for all parties in-
volved. The company shall not be placed under any
obligation whatever to the submittor as a result of
having consulted or disclosed submitted ideas to oth-
ers in an attempt to evaluate the idea and disclosures,
and to determine the commercial interest in such ideas.
3) If the company should decide not to adopt an idea
or disclosure, it is understood that the company is not
required to divulge any reason for not adopting the
idea or disclosure, it being understood that in doing so,
the company may be placed in a position of a prema-
ture disclosure of its future plans.
4) It is understood that the submittor shall retain all
rights and remedies afforded him by the patent and
copyright laws of the United States, and that in no
event shall the company have any obligation to the
submittor for the unauthorized use or disclosure to
others of any disclosure, whether or not patented or
the subject matter of copyright or trademark pro-
tection, which the submittor may make, except spe-
cifically those obligations imposed upon the company
and its subsidiaries by either the patent laws of the
United States through the grant of a valid patent in
which the claims thereof have covered the idea sub-
mitted or the copyright laws of the United States
through the grant of a valid copyright registration on
the material submitted. Further, the submittor hereby
warrants and represents that the idea submitted by
him is wholly original with hirri, and that there are no
other persons, firms, or organizations made a party to
this understanding that have any interests or rights in
the submitted idea or disclosures that may in any way
affect the company. The submittor further agrees that
any subsequent submissions or supplements to the
submission made hereinbefore shall be subject to the
terms and conditions of this agreement.
5) The mere receipt of a submitted idea, whether
solicited or unsolicited, by the company, and whether
relating to a patentable subject matter, copyright, or
trademark shall not imply any contractual obligation
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38 the RAINBOW July 1983
whatever on the part of the company except as to the
obligation of the company to evaluate the idea in a
manner it deems best and to determine its interest in
any valid patent, copyright, ortrademark rightthereun-
der.
6) All disclosures, whether solicited or unsolicited,
submitted by. outsiders and any supplements thereto
must be in writing. The officers, agents, and employees
of the company may not make any oral commitments
of the company with respect to any disclosures. If any
statements are made by the officers, agents, or em-
"The problems arise from the ever-
present potential for one person to
misappropriate the ideas or programs
of another, or for an author to perceive
that a software house has stolen the
author's programs or ideas, 99
ployees of the company to a submittor which the sub-
mittor intends to rely upon, the submittor shall submit
a record thereof, in writing, immediately to the com-
pany. Failure to furnish a supporting statement will
have the effect of invalidating any oral conversation.
7) If the subject matter offered to the company is
know-how, trade secrets, a proposed trademark, adver-
tising slogan, merchandising plan, business idea,
whether or not in use or generally known, or whether
or not susceptible to trademark or copyright protec-
tion, the company will examine it only under the terms
set forth in this agreement.
As you can see, these clauses cover rather completely the
potential problems and concerns relating to the submission
of software. The first clause gives the company the right to
retain submitted copies. This is to protect the company
against any future claims by giving it evidence of exactly
what was submitted. The second clause gives the company
the right to consult with experts and people outside of the
company to determine the marketability of the submission.
This allows the company to fairly and completely assess the
value of the submission before it risks the substantial capital
investment which must be made regarding the new product.
The third clause makes it clear that the company does not
have to give a reason for its rejection of the submission. This
is necessary since otherwise it may be forced to announce its
future plans, a highly guarded and valuable trade secret. The
forth clause provides the limitation on the submittor's
remedies. It is a disclaimer of liability for unauthorized
disclosure of the submitted idea with express recognition of
any rights the submittor may have under copyright or patent
law. The clause also contains a statement by the submittor
that he or she is the sole owner of the submission. This
protects the company against claims of others that the sub-
for 13" TV
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 39
mittor stole their idea and is trying to sell it. The clause
f urther binds the submittor to the terms of the agreement for
any future submissions or supplements. This provision helps
avoid excessive paperwork, and recognizes an ongoing
relationship.
The fifth clause is important. It makes it clear that the
company is only agreeing to review the submission, not to
market the submission. The clause helps to avoid misunder-
standings. The sixth clause is an attempt to avoid unnec-
essary disputes arising from any telephone calls or the like. It
merely requires that anything to be a part of the final agree-
ment must be in writing, and any oral agreements must be
made a part of the agreement or be considered waived. The
careful author will be sure to write down the nature of any
telephone conversation and compare it with the terms of any
future written contract. The final clause reinforces the fact
that the submission will be considered only under the terms
set out in the agreement.
Okay, now you've seen a sample agreement, so how
should you handle your submissions? First, do not just send
in your program to a software house without first contacting
them. Give them a call in advance. They should be willing to
tell you the general terms of any future agreement, and also
whether they are even interested in evaluating your pro-
gram. You can also tell a lot by just bantering with them for
a while. You can save a lot of valuable time by finding out in
advance whether the company will even consider marketing
your program. In fact, I would recommend that you call
companies even before you begin developing your program
so that you do not spend a lot of time developing a program
D
4
L ■
. fir"
Not just another "defenders'' game! Brilliant
graphics show wide angle & close-up views of the
city you protect. You must save your people from
attacking space creatures who try to capture them.
Your ship has forward & reverse thrusters, long range
phasers & quick manueverability. Nerble Force
requires only one joystick & you'll learn a whole new
style of joystick control. Several levels of play!
cassette s 24 95 disk s 29 95 add s 2°° shipping
COMPUTERWARE
®
. 7 V
40
Box 668 • Encinitas, CA 92024
Dealer Inquiries Invited (619) 436-3512
the RAINBOW July 1983
only to later learn that no one wants it or that it is acceptable
only with significant modifications. If you develop a good
working relationship early, you can make maximum use of
the company's rich marketing experience.
If the company is interested, ask for a copy of their
submission agreement, and also fee\ free to ask to see a
"The underlying purpose of the agree-
ment is to inform the author that sub-
mitted software will not be held in con-
fidence, but the author will have all
protection afforded by the copyright
laws ..."
sample contract. When you receive the submission agree-
ment, sign it and send it together with your program. Com-
panies differ in the form in which they wish to see your
program. I feel it is inadvisable to submit any source code
before you have a signed agreement to market your soft-
ware. Any competent company can evaluate your program
from a copy of the object code alone. Of course, this does not
apply to those submitting BASIC programs.
Some companies will also require that you give them an
option to market your software. Signing such an option
agreement will give the company an irrevocable right to
market your software if they exercise the right within a given
time period, say 30 days. This agreement will supply all the
terms of the marketing agreement, and must be read care-
fully. Option agreements will be discussed more fully in a
later column.
Once you have submitted your software, the waitinggame
begins. If you are not under an option agreement, be sure to
check back with the company after a reasonable period of
time, say 30 to 60 days. By the way, it is not good practice to
submit softwaresimultaneously to more than one company.
If either finds out about the other, and they usually ask you,
neither will be happy, and probably will reject your program
out-of-hand.
With the submission agreement the relationships are
clearly set out. Doubt should no longer be present. Now you
are ready to advance to the next step of the process of getting
your software marketed. Let's assume your program is
accepted . Now it's time to get down to contract negotiations.
My next column will discuss contract fundamentals to pre-
pare you for the process of negotiating a contract. Until
then, good luck with your submissions.
(Jlie information given in this article is not legal
advice. If you have legal questions you should
see competent legal counsel.)
(Including 2 Diskettes)
COLOR AMDISK-III
COMPATIBLE.
■ V |
The AMDISK-III micro -floppy disk system is an engi-
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The AMDISK-III drive system is ruggedly constructed
for years of trouble-free operation, and is backed with
our 90 day warranty on parts and labor.
Just circle the reader service number to receive com-
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Home Money Manager
Good Transaction Tracker
Home Money Manager (H.M.M.) is a disk based check-
book program that will keep track of all transactions asso-
ciated with your checkbook. It is written in BASIC and will
run on a I 6K system with a printer. H.M.M. is a "menu"
driven program that will keep track of your checks, deposits,
automatic transfers, bank charges, etc. To begin using the
program you first create a new check file. The CoCo will ask
you for a starting balance and let you name up to 26
accounts. Now you are ready to start entering information
from your check register. The CoCo will ask for five pieces
of information: check number, date, paid to, amount, and
account number. As you enter each transaction, CoCo
computes your current balanceand displays it on the screen.
Data entries are easy to change if you make a mistake.
H.M.M. has one feature I really like. Let's say you pur-
chased three different items (gasoline, clothes, and curtains)
last month with a credit card . Now of course you pay this bill
with only one check, but if you aretryingto run a budget you
would want the total amount broken down and charged to
three different accounts. H.M.M. will allow you to distri-
bute the appropriate amount to each account by re-entering
the same check number for each account.
Once you have entered your monthly data, H.M.M. will
allow you to go back and view any entries you want on the
screen. At this point you can delete or edit records as neces-
sary. Two other features probably would not be used often,
but nevertheless are useful. The first is the ability to change
account names originally specified when creating the file.
The other feature allows you to change the current balance.
You may need this if, for instance, you transposed numbers
when entering a check or deposit, or do not wish to enter
bank charges as an expense.
There are four reports available with H.M.M. The first is
a "transactions report." This report will printout a chrono-
logical record of all entries made to the checking account.
The second report is a "deposits report." It will print out a
chronological record of all deposits made to the checking
account. The next report, as you may have guessed by now,
is the "expenses report." It will print out a chronological
record of all withdrawals made from the checking account.
All three of these reports can be printed for the month just
completed orfora range of one day to as longasyoucover in
the file. The fourth report prints out the monthly totals for
each of your accounts and also the year-to-date totals.
I found H.M.M. to be a user friendly program. The eight
pages of documentation are excellently writtenand you will
have a good understanding of how H.M.M. works after
reading the documentation just once. There is even a dem-
onstration file included with the program to familiarize you
with all the features of H.M.M. before entering your own
data.
The only thing you may not like about H.M.M. is that it's
a bit slow. I entered two months data into my file which was
about 95 transactions. When I requested a report to be
printed, it took two minutes and 40 seconds to sort the
checks before starting to print. A full year's data may very
well take over 1 0 minutes to sort. This is a lot faster than any
of us could do by hand, but some of you might find it
irritating.
With a 16K machine H.M.M. will let you record up to480
transactions. Since the program is written in BASIC, I'm
sure it could be modified fairly easily to handle more if you
have over 1 6K.
If you are looking for a program to organize your income
and expenses, then I recommend Home Money Manager.
(Computerware, Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024, $19.95)
— Michael Hunt
r A CTUA L REPRO DUCtlON
OF CHART
IBM 8 3 j£2l
86-
SO-
1 0 > 1 5 10/29
j^S r R £ Q CO PIP -2. 0 3 11 DAV 11 ^12
BETTER THAN HIGHER COST
PACKAGES RUNNING ON
"BIGGER" MACHINES
• Stocks, Options and Commodities
• Dow Jones and Compuserve input
• Optional unattended run mode
GAIN AN UNFAIR ADVANTAGE!
WITH INVESTOGRAPH
ON YOUR TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
IN-DEPTH, TIMELY INVESTMENT
ANALYSIS WITH LESS WORK
Gain the advantage of using the power of the
Color Computer to make more money in
the market. The easy-to-use, menu driven
INVESTOGRAPH software package provides:
$ Automatic data entry by the highly rated
COLORCOM/E.
$ Screen and hard copy graphs with prices,
volumes, moving averages, cycle compo-
nents, momentum, OBV, security compari-
sons, channels, and several other exclu-
sive oscillators.
$ Complete data maintenance utilities.
$ Optional unattended run mode ■ have dinner
while COCO works for you!
I YES! I want an UNFAIR ADVANTAGE.
Send INVESTOGRAPH rush at the INTRODUC-
| TORY PRICE of U.S. $245.00 (plus 5% in
Texas). Includes full set of data and program
[diskettes with complete, easy-to-use
documentation, 1 year warranty.
| Name
Address
.State / Zip
TRS'80 56 Tandy Corp.
Requires 32 K, Ext. Basic, 1 or 2 disks, Printer
| City.
□ Check DMoney Order DVisa □ Mastercard
| Card No Expires
Signature
| Order by phone, call (512)778-5260
Dealer Inquiries Welcome
■ Liberty Hill 5oftware
P.O. Box 306 • Liberty Hill, Texas 78642 j
42 the RAINBOW July 1983
evii
Like Word Games?
Scramble's For You
It's difficult to argue that your typical space games and
pac-like thrillers don't challenge the mind, because they
often do require concentration and mental alertness. It's
probably safe to say that they don't require a lot of intellec-
tual skills.
And after a steady diet of arcade games, it is a welcome
change to be challenged by computer programs that test
your vocabulary skills. Take Scramble, for example, a new
creation by Kaleidoscopic Creations of Melrose Park, 111.
It's a word game, which can involve up to four players for
hours in creative activity, competition and just plain fun.
The participants, after entering their names, can compete
on four levels. The first level allows only words (with 4 to 15
letters) to be entered, and contestants have two and a half
minutes to guess the answer. The next level allows words
and names, but only two minutes are allotted. The third
requires names and titles, with only a minute and a half for
answers. The highest level asks for titles and phrases, and
there is only one minute.
When a player's turn comes up, his or her name appears
on the screen. The opposition types in the word or phrase on
thescreenand then presses the "/ "key, signaling thecompu-
ters to scramble the terms. (Oh, yes, the player whose turn it
is is expected to turn his head while the phrase is being
entered.) The phrase takes about five to 10 seconds to be
scrambled, which I found a little annoying, but I guess is
understandable. If a typing error is committed while enter-
ing a word, pressing the key allows you to make
corrections.
In order to unscramble the word(s), you must begin with
the first position and proceed in order of the word to be
spelled. If you type in the wrong letter, a beep sound is
emitted by the computer. If there is a space between words, it
must be entered or you receive the same signal. This seemed
to bea kind of contradictionforme, because phrases appear
onthescreenas one continuous line of letters, making it very
difficult to determine the easier parts of a phrase. All levels
of play allow for 10 errors before your turn is over. Bonus
points are given for guessing the word(s) before time runs
out, but they do not exceed the points awarded for correct
unscrambling — which makes you wonder why they are
called bonuses.
The game requires only 16K and does not require
Extended BASIC. It is written in machine language.
If your experience is like mine, in that you've still not been
able to get the female members of the family hooked on the
computer, Scramble may be the program for which you
have been looking. That's assuming, of course, that you do
want the ladies to share your time on the CoCo.
(Kaleidoscopic Creations, P.O. Box 1284, Melrose Park, IL
60160, $15.95 tape)
—Charles Springer
TANDON
DISK DRIVES
for your COCO
Features
Fully software compatible
6ms track-to-track
40 tracks
Higher quality
DRIVE 0 $449.
DRIVE 1 $249.
PRINTERS
STAR GEMINI 10 $379.
STAR GEMINI 15 $519.
OKIDATA 80 $349.
PRO WRITTER $469.
GXIOOP $249.
BOTEK PARRALLEL ADAPTER $69.
16K CHIP SET $14.95
64K CHIP SET $64.
WICO JOYSTICK $25.
WICO-COCO ADAPTER $ 1 7.95
HA YS SMART MODEM $239.
VERBATIM SS/DD 10 box $25.95
USE OUR WATTS LINE FOR A QUOTE
ON ANY COMPUTER PRODUCT
VISA. MASTER CARD, MONEY ORDERS,
PERSONAL CHECKS REQUIRE 3 WEEKS
COMPUKIT
1-800-231-6671 order line
1-713-480-6000 technical line
16206D HICKORY KNOLL
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77059
July 1983 the RAINBOW
43
UTILITY
16K
ECB
n
1
Minidos:
Two Ring Circus for CoCo
Double your pleasure with Minidos, a miniature
version of a new virtual disk operating system
which will hold two BASIC programs in memory
at once.
By Dr. Laurence D. Preble
The Color Computer offers several alternatives for saving
and loading programs. There is cassette tape which works
fine but is very time consuming. For the more fortunate,
there is floppy disk which is much faster but quite expensive. Some
experimenters have even managed to interface a hard disk to the
Color Computer which is extremely fast and extremely expensive.
There is one more alternative which is even faster than hard disk
but will fit anybody's budget.
It will fit anybody's budget because I am going to give it away to
each reader. This final method is memory to memory storage. I will
call this method Minidos because it acts like a Virtual Disk Operat-
ing System. Of course, there is no physical disk involved. Minidos
is a software technique which is reproduced below.
Do not be fooled by the BASIC program listing. Minidos was
written in machine language. The BASIC program only serves as a
convenient method to poke the machine language program into
memory. When the BASIC program has finished its task it will self
destruct leaving only the machine language code in your computer.
About Minidos.
Minidos does have its limitations. This particular version will let
you save two of your favorite BASIC programs in memory — that is
all. I have also written a much more powerful Virtual Disk Operat-
ing System (VDOS) which I will tell you about later. Here is how to
work Minidos. ENTER the supplied listing below. Check very
carefully for typing errors. If you make a mistake in the machine ||
44 the RAINBOW July 1983
Turn your
color computer on
to the power off
NOW FROM THE WORLDS LARGEST SUPPLIER OF SOFTWARE FOR FLEX
COMES FHL COLOR FLEX. JUST LOOK AT THESE FEATURES:
IF YOU'RE TIRED OF
NO DISK SOFTWARE,
THEN FHL. Color FLEX
IS THE ANSWER!
FLEX is the world's most popular operating
system for the 6809 and with over 150
programs, we are the largest supplier
of software for FLEX. These programs are
NOT games but serious programs for your
Color Computer. They range from word
processors thru business applications to
software development tools. Many Fortune
500 companies use our software
FHL Color FLEX turns your Color computer
into a powerful system more capable than
systems costing several times as much,
See our NEW 32 page catalog in the
Jan;83 issue of COLOR COMPUTER
NEWS featuring over 150 products for
FLEX, or send $3,00 to us and we wilt
see that you receive a copy!!
FLEX NOW ONLY $99
* NEW - 'Tiny Editor"
NEW - Interactive Assembler (Tiny ASM)
* NEW - Machine Language Monitor
* NEW - Video attributes include status lines,
protected lines, and inverse video
• Hi-Res screen formats
16 x 32 and 24 x 5i, upper and lower
case characters
24 x 64 and 32 x 64 upper case
Full ASCII keyboards
Easy start-up— just type "FLEX"
* On-line assistance— Just type HELP
Optionally use a standard terminal
and printer
• Advance disk I/O and terminal
capabilities - Supporting 35, 40,
and 80 track single or double sided,
single or double density drives
1 No additional hardware required
* We have supported FLEX with
more than any one else in the
world for more than two years!
SPECIAL
1. DBASIC, RS Disk Basic
under FLEX with a utility to
copy RS to FLEX disk $30.
2. ED/ASM, line and screen editor
with conditional macro assembler,
both more powerful than TSC's and
at the same cost, only $100.
3. COLOR UTILITIES, a set of 12
utilities especially designed for
FHL COLOR FLEX $50.
THE REGENCY TOWER
770 JAMES ST. - SYRACUSE, NY 1 3203
TELEX 646740 - (31 5) 474-7856
HOGG *
LABORATORY
* FLEX Is a trademark ol Technical Systems Consultants Inc.
LIMIT: One order per customer
%
This offer good towards purchase of software/hardware
with proof of FHL FLEX purchase.
0
FRANK
HOGG
LABORATORY
THE HEQEhtC* TPwffl . *J<JlT£ 2 *% ■ UfiJAMt&Sl • 5rfi»CU&t UJOl
Save up to $2 00 on your next order when you buy FLEX from Frank Hogg
Laboratory. That's right, you can save twice as much as you paid for FLEX when
you order anything from FHL. Here's how it works. If you buy FLEX from us or
have purchased our FLEX in the last 6 months then take a copy of your invoice and
this coupon and send it in with your order of software and/or hardware from our
catalog. Everything in our catalog is included! Suppose that your order was for $500.
You would send in $450 and the copy of your invoice for FLEX and this coupon,
saving $50. To save the maxium of $200, you order would have to total $2000. This
special applies whether you bought FHL Flex from us or from one of our dealers,
however, the 10% discount is only available from us.
This deal is good for ONE order only per customer. What I mean by that is you can
only use the coupon ONCE.
Only FHL, with over 150 products in our catalog can offer you as good a deal as
this. If you take advantage of some of our other deals in the catalog the savings are
significant.
This special 10% promotion will run for at least the next 3 months, and if it works
out for us, we will make it a permanent thing.
(EXCEPTIONS: The 10% discount cannot be applied to SPECIAL sale prices,
will note these exceptions when they occur.)
We
THE REGENCY TOWER
7 70 JAMES ST. . SYRACUSE, NY 13203
TELEX 646 740 - (3 1 5) 4 7 4-7 856
6809 WORD PROCESSING SYSTEM
AVAILABLE FOR FLEX™ UniFLEX™ and OS-9™ '
The STYLOGRAPH text processing system is a very easy to use but powerful
method of creating and printing text. It allows the operator to type text on the CoCo,
modifying and correcting it as it's typed, and then print it out. The STYLOGRAPH
SYSTEM is cursor-oriented with dynamic screen formating. Cursor based editing
means that any portion of the text may be worked on by moving the cursor to that
point. Dynamic screen formating means that the text is formated on the screen In
the same way It will appear on the printed copy. The display is continuously up-
dated to show how the text will appear. This is a very Important feature and is nor-
mally available only on very expensive commercial word processing systems. It
significantly reduces the time required to produce a finished copy.
FULL FEATURED TEXT EDITING
A full array of commands help in the creation and modification of text. The text
displayed on the screen may be moved up, down, left or right, The cursor can be
moved to any page or to any specified series of letters or words. The cursor itself
can be moved left, right, up, down, toany tab position, orto theextreme left orright.
Any block of text can be moved, copied or deleted. The operator may also do a
global replace so that all occurrences of a given string will be replaced with or
without a "prompt" asking if the item should be replaced.
OPERATOR CONVENIENCE
Files longer than memory can be edited. The operator can move forward through
a tong text file by selectively dumping text to the disk or filling from the disk.
The supervisor mode is menu driven and self prompting so that the operator does
not have to remember thesyntax of commands. This makes it easier for new opera-
tors to use the system.
An "assist" or "help" function makes it easy to learn the system since it is nor-
mally not necessary to consult the manual to learn the commands. This function is
menu driven and lists all of the keyboard functions and the formating commands.
At the beginning of the text the operator normally types in a few simple com-
mands indicating the line length, left margin, and so forth, and then enters the
header and footer as they should appear. After that the operator need not worry
about formating since it is taken care of automatically. Words that extend beyond
the end of the line are automatically removed and placed on the next line. Headers
and footers are automatically inserted so that the operator always knows what por-
tion of the page Is being worked on. Ghost hyphens can be entered so that if the
word falls at the end of a line, and a ghost hyphen has been Inserted, the hyphen
will automatically be added.
FLEXIBLE DISPLAY
Lines longer than the screen width are allowed. STYLOGRAPH can scroll right
and left on the screen so that tables can be constructed and appear on the screen
exactly as they will appear on the print out.
A command allows viewing of the formating commands on the screen. Another
command allows the operator to see which characters will be modified at print out
by underlining, superscripting or boldface. A page status command shows the cur-
rent format values and other useful information.
COMPLETE FORMATING CONTROL
The text of individual lines may be centered, left justified, right justified, or right
and left Justified. Tabs can be set or cleared at any point. Spacing of the lines on the
page is under complete operator control with end of page, spacing and vertical tab
commands.
While entering text, it may be specified that the characters have some kind of
modification when they are printed, such as underlining, superscript, boldface,
overline, or subscript. These character modifications are done with "control" key
strokes. For example, to start underlining characters, simply hold down the "CTRL"
key, hit the "U" key and continue entering text. To stop underlining, hit the "DEL" or
"RUB" key.
Control codes may be embedded In the text /or special applications. For exam-
ple, some printers require special control sequences for double width, graphics or
boldface, These sequences may be embedded in the text for those users that have
these printers. In conjunction with this, it is possible to cause the printer to stop in
the middle of a print out for changing printwheels. A backspace feature allows
overstriking.
OPERATING SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY
STYLOGRAPH is compatible with the FLEX, UniFlex, and OS-9 disk operating
systems, Text files prepared using STYLOGRAPH are directly usable by other soft-
ware such as BASIC and the assembler. (This significantly aids software develop-
ment since cursor-based editing allows full viewing of the text being worked on,
thereby reducing errors and decreasing programming time). File size is limited only
by the capacity of the disk system. Files may be loaded into the text at any point
making it possible to rapidly create "boiler plate" documents using portions of text
that have been previously saved to a text file. Any portion of a text may be saved to
a text file for use at a later point. The printer output may be directed to a disk file for
later print spooling. Most operating system commands are directly accessible
without leaving STYLOGRAPH.
FULLY ADAPTABLE TO MOST PRINTERS
STYLOGRAPH Is easily configured by the user for most terminals so there is no
need to send for updates as equipment changes are made. Source code of the ter-
minal interface is supplied so that users with unusual equipment configurations
may adapt it to their systems. The sourcecode for all of the "prompts" is also sup-
plied so that foreign language versions may be easily constructed.
Printers currently included as standard are: Diablo, Qume, Starwriter, NEC
5515/25, NEC 5510/20; CENTRONICS 737/739; TTY type printer with backspace func-
tion; TTY type printer without backspace function.
COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS
A special tutorial section is included in the manual so that people with little or no
computer experience can easily learn to use STYLOGRAPH in a few hours. A text
file is Included which demonstrates most of the features of STYLOGRAPH and
allows the operator to practice most of the functions. The logical arrangement of
the commands and the immediate display of the results greatly simplifies the learn-
ing process. In addition there is an "assistance" command which helps the new
operator learn the commands.
STYLOGRAPH MAIL MERGE
A major option of STYLOGRAPH is the related MAIL MERGE program. This pro-
gram adds "form letter" capability to STYLOGRAPH. Variables such as names ad-
dresses, dates, may be taken from a disk file or the keyboard at print out time and
inserted into the text. Successive letters may be printed out without operator in-
tervention.
The second important capability of the MAIL MERGE program allows many
STYLOGRAPH text files to be appended at print out time. This allows fites to be
edited in smaller, more convenient blocks and then appended at print ouf time so
that the page numbers will remain consecutive and the headers and footers will
automatically be retained through all of the print out.
STYLOGRAPH SPELLING CHECKER
Another major option of STYLOGRAPH is the related SPELLING CHECKER pro-
gram. This program reads through a text file and compares the words in the file with
a dictionary. Words that are not found in the dictionary may be marked in the text
for later editing, corrected on the spot, skipped, or added to the dictionary. Words
may be added to or deleted from the dictionary to create unique vocabularies for
particular applications.
POWERFUL PRINTING OPTIONS
Underlining is supported on TTY type printers. For those people who have
specialty printers there are a variety of additional capabilities including:
1.5 line spacing
BOLDFACE *
superscript'
subscript,
underline, overline,
or any combination
Right and left justification of text is accomplished by incremental printing on TTY
type printers. True proportional spacing is supported on the specialty printers.
STYLOGRAPH for the Color Computer FLEX
STYLOGRAPH MAIL MERGE
STYLOGRAPH SPELLING CHECK
STANDARD FLEX Version ...
195.00
.125.00
.145.00
295.00
I FRANK
Ihogg
■ LABORATORY
THE REGENCY TOWER-770 JAMES ST. • SYRACUSE, NY 13Z03«TELEX 646740«(315) 474-7856
language listing, the program will bomb without necessarily
giving any error message. CSAVE the program to cassette
before running it. RUN the program. The BASIC listing
disappears and Minidos is installed.
Minidos has sectioned your computer memory into two
halves. If you have a 32K computer, you may now CLOAD
in a 1 6K or less BASIC program. If you have a 16K compu-
ter, you may now CLOAD in an 8K or less BASIC program.
Now CLOAD in one of your favorite BASIC programs.
LIST your program or RUN it to make certain it is in
memory. When you are satisfied your program is all right,
type EXEC and press the ENTER button. Now try to list
your program. It is gone! Don't worry. Your program is
alive and well, safely tucked away in high user memory.
Type in EXEC and ENTER again. LIST your program. It
has returned safely.
Now theacid test. Save your program in high memory by
typing EXEC (ENTER) once more. Next CLOAD in one
more of your favorite programs. Check to make certain your
program will RUN. Finally, type EXEC (ENTER) to make
your newly entered program switch places with the other
program tucked into high memory. Check to make certain
the otherprogram still will RUN. Great! Each time you type
EXEC, your two programs will switch places and you may
run either of them.
Minidos has some obvious limitations. First, only BASIC
programs may be saved with Minidos. Minidos will not
work with any of your machine language programs. Sec-
ondly, Minidos does not maintain a directory. There is no
way for you to tell which program has been saved if you
forget! Minidos will only save ONE extra program. Even if
CO CO SERVICE
from
Creative Electronics Co*
64K Upgrades $80.00 Installed
32k Upgrades *3C.OO Installed
Extended Basic W/Manual (Write)
Operating Light $10.00 Installed
Video Interface $20.00 Installed
Clock Boards $80.00 Installed
Keyboards $80.00 Installed
Rams Burned & Installed in
custom Rom Paks (Write)
We recommend C ITOH PROWRITER
printer and Panasonic monitor.
C ITOH Printer $425. OO+Shipping
Panasonic CT-1112 Color Mon.$36C+
shi ppi ng .
Fast turn around on all items-
Above prices apply to operating
D,E,F Boards & TDP Computers.
INCLUDE *5.00 FOR RETURN SHIPPING
SEND S.A.S.E. FOR DETAILS AND FOR
FURTHER OFFERINGS.
CREATIVE ELECTRONICS Co.
42 11 -7th Ave.
Roc k I s 1 and , II.
61201
you have plenty of memory space. Multiple saves are not
permitted. Finally, once youVe loaded Minidos, choose the
PCLEAR that you want, but do not change it while using
the program or you'll have problems.
Minidos has a big brother. 1 call it VDOS. VDOS is a
complete Virtual Disk Operating System designed for 64K
and 32K Color Computers. (By the way, any Color Compu-
ter can now be upgraded to 64K for as little as $60. See
Rainbow ads.) VDOS will save as many programs as will fit.
VDOS will even save machine language programs. VDOS
has a directory function which displays more information
than even the normal Radio Shack Disk system. Imple-
mented functions include, Directory, Save A Basic Pro-
gram, Save A Machine Program, Load A Basic Program,
Load A Machine Program, Kill A Basic Program and Kill A
Machine Program. VDOS incorporates itself into your
computer by giving you an extra command: You just type
VDOS to get into VDOS. Unlike Minidos, it is permissible
to change PCLEAR modes as often as you like with VDOS.
Even pressing reset will not harm VDOS.
If you have a 64K computer, it is possible to save from
32K to 50K of programs, depending on where you tell
VDOS\o locate itself. All memory is dynamically allocated
and reallocated. 1 have had as many as 25 short programs
saved on VDOS at once. In any case, if you like Minidos but
want more, see our ad in this month's Rainbow.
The listing:
320
0288
END . . . 0555
10
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110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
MINIDOS - MINI VIRTUAL DISK
ALLOWS USER TO CLOAD UP TO
TWO OTHER BASIC PROGRAMS
AND SWITCH BACK AND FORTH
BETWEEN THEM.
SEE RAINBOW ADVERTISEMENTS
FOR A COMPLETE VIRTUAL
DISK OPERATINS SYSTEM
* WHICH ALLOWS MULTIPLE
' BASIC AND MACHINE LANGUAGE
' PROGRAM STORAGE AND EVEN
* MAINTAINS A DIRECTORY.
PCLEAR 1
CLS 8
PR I NT "STANDBY";
Sl=ScH21
S2=&H22
MX=PEEK (SI > *256+PEEK (S2> -25
RG=MX-1536
SP= I NT < RG/2+ 1 536 >
CL=SP-1
READ CT
FOR X=SP TO SP+CT
READ PK
POKE X,PK
NEXT X
CLS
CLS 3
PR I NT "ONLY ONE GRAPHICS PAGE
II
48
the RAINBOW July 1983
cial
1
4
The game that puts space games in
perspective. ZaxxorT, one of the most
popular arcade games of 1 982, is now avail-
able for use with your home computer
system.
Zaxxon 1 " technology and creativity present
a 3-dimensionaMike playfieid which sets
Zaxxon™ apart from other computer games.
Zaxxon" looks and sounds like aircraft
flight, and players can soar to new levels of
home computer entertainment. From the
daring attack on the enemy's floating for-
tress and the blazing battle against the en-
emy's fighter fleet to the final showdown with
the deadly armored robot, Zaxxon'* chal-
lenges the skill and imagination of every
player at every level of skill.
Imagine yourself the pilot, attacking the
enemy fortress-climbing, diving, strafing to
score points and extra fuel. The enemy
fights back with a barrage of missiles and
gunfire. Then you face a fleet of enemy fight-
ers in a gripping dogfight of altitude strategy
and flying skill. Survive this battle and the
enemy's fortress, defended with laser bar-
riers, then you ve earned the ultimate chal-
lenge; a blazing confrontation with the pow-
erful robot, armed with a lethal homing
missile.
Zaxxon ,M is the one game that you must see
to believe. You have to play it to feel its im-
pact. If you're ready to face the challenge,
check with your local software dealer or
send check or money order with $2.00 post-
age/handling. California residents add
6 1 /2% sales tax, Available on cassette or
diskette, Suggested retail price $39.95.
Available in January on Atari^-, February on
Applet and Radio Shack® Co/or; ancMprif
onTI 99/4A" and NEC 6000'".
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
942! Wfnnetka Avenue
Chaisworth f CA913H
(213)701-5161
©1932 Datasoft* Inc,
■
Dalasoir is a registered trademark of Dalasoit Inc. *
,nd Zaxxon are registered trademarks ol Sega Enterprises inc.
320 PRINT " HAS BEEN PCLEAR'D."
330 PRINT: PR I NT "REMEMBER TO PCLE
AR MORE" 1
340 PRINT"IF DESIRED. "
350 PR INT: PR I NT: FOR X=l TO 2000:
NEXT X I
360 PRINT@480
370 PRINT"TYPE EXEC (ENTER)"
380 PRINT"TO SWITCH BETWEEN PROG
RAMS" ,
390 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT
400 Xl=INT<SP/256)
410 X2=SP-X 1*256
420 POKE 157, XI
430 POKE 158, X2
440 CLEAR 200, CL
450 NEW
460 DATA 137
470 DATA 166,141,0,129,38,20,48,
141,0, 128, 175, 141,0, 117, 111, 128,
111, 128, 108, 141,0, 111, 175, 141,0,
103,31,64, 147, 10,237, 141,0, 102, 1
41,52, 174, 141,0,91, 16, 158,25, 166
, 164, 230, 132, 167, 128, 231 , 160, 16,
172, 141,0,80,37,241,220,27, 147,2
5,227, 141,0,65,52,6,236
480 DATA 141,0,57,163,141,0,55,2
1 1 , 25, 221 , 27, 53, 6, 237, 141 , 0, 43, 3
2,28,220,27, 147,25,237, 141,0,38,
236, 141,0,29, 163, 141,0,27, 16, 163
, 141,0,25,35,4,237, 141,0, 19,57, 1
27,2,221, 127,2,222, 127,2,223,22,
0,0, 57, 251 , 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 251
,251 1
PRO-COLOR-FILE
If you're through playing games and are ready to
get serious about software, then PRO-COLOR-
FILE is for you. Turn your TRS-80 32K Color
Computer Disk system into a powerful data base
manager.
We're serious about PRO-COLOR-FILE. It's the only
program of its kind that gives so much flexibility and
power to your color disk at a price that will fit your
budget. In fact, it could be the least expensive software
you'll ever buy.
PRO-COLOR-FILE is not just one program. It gives you
the ability to create any application that requires infor-
mation to be stored, searched, updated, sorted and
reported. You can custom design your own mailing list,
inventory, stock investment records, time manager,
expense records, income records .... anything.
The best part about PRO-COLOR-FILE is that you don't
have to be a programmer or even know a lot about disk
input/output to use it. You design your application
programs in a way that is easy for you to understand and
use. In fact, the more you use PRO-COLOR-FILE the
more you learn about data base development.
Only $79.95 + $2.00 Shipping and Handling.
We accept VISA. MASTERCHARGE, Checks or Money Orders.
No C.O.D.'s please.
Call or write for more details:
DERRINGER SOFTWARE, Post Office Box 5300, Florence, S.C
29502, Phone: (803) '665-5676 after 6:00 p.m. (EOT).
PRO-COLOR-FILE ©1983 Dennis Derringer.
'TRS-80 is a trademark of the Tandy Corp.
Home Interest Calculator:
Quick, Accurate Assistance
Most families would find B.C. Engineering's INTRSTJ,
Home Interest Calculator, quite useful for their software
library. It's not a fancy program, no buffer or printout
capabilities. You simply input the pertinent information
asked for on loans or money deposited in interest-bearing
accounts. Home Interest Calculator, in turn, calculates the
answer quickly and accurately.
It's a great little program for finding the difference in
payments for a 20-year home loan as opposed to a 30-year
loan. Or, finding the best financing for your next new car.
On the deposit side, it can help plan for Junior's college
education or that vacation you dream about. Just input the
needed amount of money, the interest rate on the account
and the number of years in which to accumulate the money.
Or, plan for your retirement. It will calculate the principal
needed to receive a desired yearly payment.
Thedocumentation isshortand to the point. Quiteeasy to
understand and use.
To the point, the program will do the following:
LOANS
1) Will calculate payment account,
2) Will calculate principal,
3) Will calculate balloon to loan payoff amounts,
4) Will calculate interest rate per period,
5) Will find interest rate charged per compound period,
6) Will find the number of payments that have to be made
on a loan before the balance due is below the amount you
enter."
DEPOSITS
1) Will calculate the final amount in an interest bearing
account if a single payment is made to it,
2) Will calculate the single original amount that must be
deposited to get the desired final amount,
3) Will calculate the final amount in an account after
equal payments are made to it; payments are assumed
yearly,
4) Will calculate the equal payments that can be received
from a deposit; payments assumed yearly,
5) Will calculate the principal needed to receive a desired
yearly payment,
6) Will calculate the equal payments needed to get the
final amount desired; payments assumed yearly.
It may not be as easy to use a TI Business Analyst calcula-
tor, but it'ssomewhat cheaper, and it gives you an excuse to
play with your CoCo.
(B.C. Engineering, P.O. Box 768, Manchester, MO 63011,
$12.95)
— Pamela Peitsch
50 the RAINBOW July 1983
THE GREATEST
SOFTWARE DEAL
ON EARTH
(
\
][
\
Tame your computer without breaking your wallet's spirit! Quality
programs on tape for the price of peanuts! y
A subscription to Chromasette Magazine consists of 6 to 8
ready-to-load useful, practical, and fun programs delivered by First Class
Mail every month. Programs like Curve Fit, Diggem, Graph Text,. List Mod,
Robot Run, House Adventure, and Keep Text. ^
Treat yourself to a great show — get a subscription to Chromasette
Magazine. Or catch a single act and try a back issue. You'll be delighted
by the tricks your computer will do!
The Bottom Line:
I year (12 issues] S50. 00
6 months
(6 issues) $30.00
Single Copies S 6.00
Calif, residents add 6% to single copies.
North America — First Class postage
included.
Overseas — add $10 to subscriptions and
S I to single copies. Sent AO rate.
The Fine Print:
All issues from July 1981 available — ask for list. Programs are for the
Extended BASIC model and occasionally for disks.
MAGAZINE
P.O. Box 1087 Santa Barbara, CA 93102 (805) 963-1066
MasterCard /Visa
Fly your spaceship through
enemy Starbases. Avoid
guided missiles, lasers, and
firing turrets! Can you reach
their leader . . . ZAKSUND?
U'l
Box 1 1 224
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
(41 2) 795-8492
* • *
COLOR GRAPHICS
$24.95 Cassette
$27.95 Disk
Add $1 Postage and Handling
PA residents add 6% sales tax
toe creators of
— Intergalactic Force 1
—War Kings 2
— Party Pak 1
-Trek-16 2
— many other fine programs!
1 ANTECO
2 TOM MIX
EXCITING
32K
MACHINE
LANGUAGE
Here's A 120 Frame ^Graphics Pad'
For easy Animation J
By Scott L. Bain
Those interested in computer animation would do well
to choose the Color Computer. TRS-80C Extended
BASIC supports a wide range of extremely user-
friendly graphics commands and allows for page switching,
making simple, smooth looking animation a relatively easy
task. But those who want to create lengthy, animated art-
work without resorting to tedious DRA commands and
slow graphics updates will need more than eight pages to
work with.
Animator is a full function "graphics pad" program that
divides each of five graphics pages into 24 miniframes. The
user is provided with a cursor controlled drawing board, a
window to the area where the individual "frames"are stored,
the ability to animate using any or all of the 1 20 frames,
commands to edit and duplicate existing frames, and a
subroutine to save finished frames to tape.
Displays
The main display is divided into two smaller displays,
outlined by white boxes. The display on the left is the user
"pad" — the flashing cursor there is moved using the arrow
keys and l , 2, W, and Q (for diagonals), and wraps around in
all four directions. Move (M), Draw (D), Erase (E), Paint,
(P), Line (L), Circle, (C), and Box (B) are fully supported in
black and white. The display on the right is a window to the
current frame position on the storage pages : "F" will
advance this position one frame and "R" will move it back
i
one. Pressing the "clear" key will display the storage page
currently occupied by the frame cursor (the long white line).
There are five storage pages, and repeated use of the "clear"
key will allow you to flip through them (see point 5 under
"other notes"). "F" and "R" will still work (try them) and
"G"will advance the frame cursor one full page.
"#" will clear the user pad. "*"will clear the storage pages
and since on powerup the 80C's graphics pages are filled
with random "garbage," it is important to clear them first.
Storing and Animating Frames
Using "D," put the cursor into DRA ^mode, then using
the arrow keys and 1 , 2, W, and Q draw something on the
pad. When you are finished press "S." The right screen
(window) should now contain an exact copy of whatyoujust
drew, and when you press "clear" you will notice that the
storage page has a copy of your figure in the upper left hand
corner (this is what the window is "looking at"). Press "F"
once — don't hold it down as it will auto repeat — and the
frame cursor will advance to the next position. Press the
space bar to get back to the main display and you will notice
the window is now blank. The window always displays the
same frame as the frame cursor is underlining, and vice
versa.
Using the pad cursor controls, add something to the draw-
ing you just made (it is still on the pad, you'll note), and press
"S" again. This new version of the drawing will be copied
into storage at the new frame cursor/ window position. Press
"clear" and you will see how the two frames are stored.
Press "A" and the two frame animation will begin. Use the
"-" key to slow it down and "+" to speed it back up again.
Pressing the space bar will stop it completely.
NOTE: Animator's "A" command flips through the
stored frames, one by one, starting with the first frame and
ending with the frame currently underlined by the frame
cursor and displayed in the window. This means that if you
have stored 50 frames but have left the frame cursor on #5,
only frames I through 5 will be included in the animation
procedure. Use "G" and "F" to advance the frame cursor to
the last frame position.
Specialty Drawing Commands
Animator's specialty commands make it easy to draw
standard figures and erase them. Press "M" to get the pad
cursor into "move" mode, and "#" and "*" to clear every-
thing out. Press "'" (shift 7) and a single pixel will be set at
the current cursor position, accompanied by a "beep." Move
the cursor away, preferably toward a corner. This dot you
have left behind is the "endpoint dot" used by the specialty
commands. Press "C" and a- circle will be drawn using the
endpoint dot as the center and the cursor as a point on the
circumference. "X," which is just to the left of "C" will erase
the circle if you have not moved the cursor. "B" (erased by
"V") and "L" (erased by "K") will yield interesting results.
Try them. Pressing "'"again will create a new endpoint dot,
although the old one will not be erased from the pad.
Paint (P) works just like it does in Extended BASIC, and
is mainly intended to be used to fill in closed polygons. "O"
does the same thing in black, and therefore can be used as an
eraser.
Editing and the "&" Command
Once your animation is finished you may want to change
or add to it. This is easily done:
To change an existing frame, merely move the frame
cursor/ window to the desired position. "T" will transfer
(copy) the frame to the pad, wiping out anything that was
there. You can now use the pad controls to alter the frame,
or you can clear it out and draw something totally new.
Either way, "S" will replace the stored frame with whatever
is on the pad.
Note that this will completely wipe out the old frame and
insert the new in its place.
The "&" command will work exactly the same way except
that the pad frame will be added on top of the existing frame,
thus combining the two. This can be mostuseful in complex
animations. Programmers should note that the OR option
of the Pf/rcommand is at work here.
There is no edit "mode" because (in effect) you are always
July 1983 the RAINBOW 53
editing. When creating animation at first, you are actually
editing out blank frames and replacingthem with filled ones.
The commands are always the same.
Command Summary
" PAD
D Puts the cursor into "draw" mode. The cursor will
leave a white trail behind it as it moves.
E Puts the cursor into "erase" mode. The cursor will
erase (reset) any pixel it moves through.
M Puts the cursor into "move" mode. The cursor will
move through drawings without disturbing them.
NOTE: "."will. set a single pixel while in this mode,
and "," will reset one.
# Will clear the pad to black.
shift 7 Will set the. endpoint dot.
C Draws a circle using the endpoint dot as the center
and the current cursor position as a point on the
circumference. "X" erases it.
B Draws a box using the endpoint dot and current
cursor position as the corners. "V" erases
it.
L Draws a line using the endpoint dot and current
cursor position as the endpoints. "K" erases it.
TREKBEST
The BEST 1 Trek ' game ever 1 1 1
I1WRUDER ALERT!
Can YOU outsmart the Robots???
Both games with multiple levels, and
Realtime, Fast Action lowres graphics I
Each for only $16.95
— The BEST in Adventures ~
** THE NECROLOGUE TRILOGY **
A Three program Adventure!!!
All Three l6k programs
for only $17*95
THE QUEST FOR THE STAFF OF LLORINAR
*** Book I Parts 1&2 ***
Both parts (2 l6k programs) for 13-95
(Parts coming soon!)
All prices include P. & Ho NY State
residents please add app. sales tax.
HYPERION SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 196
Lagrangeville, NY 125^0
54 Ihe RAINBOW July 1983
P Paints the screen white, stopping at white borders.
"O" does the same thing in black.
(The arrow keys and l 2 W Q control the movement
of the cursor. They will auto repeat, and wrap
around.)
WINDOW/ FRAME CURSOR
F Moves position one frame forward. Beeps when last
frame reached.
R Moves position one frame back.
G Moves position one full page forward, wraps
around page 5 to 1.
N Returns position to frame #1, page #1.
clear Display current page.
space Return to main display.
* Clear all storage.
TRANSFER/EDIT
5 Save pad frame to current storage position.
T Transfer frame at current position to pad for edit-
ing, etc. ("S" returns frame to storage)
6 As "S,"but with OR option. Adds the pad frame to
whatever is stored at the current
position.
@ Locks the"F"command on. Everytime the"S"key
is pressed thereafter, the pad frame will be stored
and the frame position automatically advanced as if
"F" had subsequently been pressed. A beep will
sound each time, reminding you that the lock is still
on. Pressing "@" again will turn the lock off.
ANIMATING
A Animate from frame # 1 , page # I , up to and includ-
ing the frame displayed in the window (and under-
lined by the frame cursor).
space Stop animating.
Slow down the animation.
+ Speed up the animation (begins at full speed)
Saving to Tape
Once an animation is finished, make sure the framecursor
is on the last frame you want stored, then press M / ."Use the
"Save" option to create a machine language file that should
be approximately four tape counts per page saved long,
under any name you like, up to eight characters in length.
To load a finished animation back into the program,
make sure the storage is clear (*'*") then press "/■" After the
file is loaded, note the frame cursor must be advanced to the
last frame of the animation before using the animate "A "
command. Using the "/ " option always returns the frame
cursor to the # 1 frame. If you press "A" while it's still there,
you end up looking at a one frame animation!
■ BP- ■
Other Notes
1) Don't worry if you need to "break. "The program will
never clear out the storage unless you tell it to ("*"). Wha-
tever was on the pad will be lost, though, unless you take the
PCLS out of line 12 before running.
2) Erasing a line using "L" or a box using "V" will also
erase theendpointdot. Don't be fooled — the endpoint is still
the same until you change it by pressing (shift 7) again.
3) Copying a frame from one point of the animation to
another is simple. Just move the frame position to the
desired frame, transfer ("T") it to the pad (it won't be wiped
out of storage, just copied onto the pad), then move the
frame position to the new location and save ("S") it. You can
duplicate any frame any number of times using this method.
4) The number of dots in the upper left hand corner of the
main display indicates which page of the frame cursor it's
currently on (each page holds 24 frames, remember).
5) Repeated use of the "clear" key will flip you through the
pages in rotation. "G" will actually move the frame cursor
position through the pages. If you use"clear"to viewa page
other than the one currently occupied by the frame cursor,
then try to move the frame cursor using "F,""R,"or"G, "the
commands will still function, but you will be flipped back to
the current page first.
6) Only those commands listed under "Window/ Frame
Cursor" in the command summary will function while you
are viewing the storage page(s). If you press any other com-
mand key you will be returned to the main display before the
command is executed. All commands except "-" and
may be used while viewing the main display, ("-"and "+"are
only used during animation — there's no reason to use them
any other time.).
7) The following keys will auto repeat: thearrows, 1 , 2, W,
Q, F, R, G, +, and -.
8) Black on white drawing is possible by painting( u P") the
screen white, then drawing in black using the erase com-
mands. Note that "&" will not work properly using this
method.
9) If your computer cannot use the standard processor
speed up, you should remove the POKE 65495,0 from lines
12 and 19 and the POKE 65494,0 from line 19.
10) After first loading Animator from tape you must
PC LEAR 6 before it will RUN. I have no idea why, but
RUNning twice will also work. I believe it's a quirk in the
ROM.
11) This program is dedicated to Andrea R. Chartier,
without whom this entire project would never have come to
be.
(Scott Bain is a free-lance
software author and
journalist who works out
of San Diego. He and his
partner, Andrea Chartier,
own and operate Scan
Software Designs.)
The listing:
2a 039D
40 060F
54 084B
75 0AC9
93 0D18
108 0F49
END . . . 1181
10 PCLEAR6
11 CLEAR15:DIMM<11, 11) :DLAY=l:VP
®
Prism Software
ARCADE GAMES
Dtaler InqulriM walcome
Quality color computer software
All Software on tape only
Alt oamee require 16 K except
wtwre noted
★ By Spectral
GHOST GOBBLER $26.95 ROBOT BATTLE
CHOPPER RESCUE
LAS VEGAS
THE ALIEN
(Extended BASIC)
(Extended BASIC)
$13.95
$11.95
$13.95
$26.95
$11.95 PLANET INVASION $26.95
$26.95 COSMIC INVADERS $26.95
$26.95 SPACE RACE $26.95
$23.95 DEFENSE $26.95
ALCATRAZ II
GALAX ATTAX
SPACE WAR
KEYS OF THE
WIZARD
★ By Mark Data Products*
BLACK SANCTUM $28.95 ASTRO-BLAST $30.95
CAVE HUNTER $28.95 CALIXTO ISLAND $28.95
BERSERK $30.95 SPACE RAIDERS $30.95
★ By Computerware*
COLOR PAC ATTACK $30.95 STARSHIP
DOODLEBUG $30.95 CHAMELEON $30.95
RAIL RUNNER $30.95 STORM $30.95
OOOO *By Intracolor*
8 COLORPEDE $35.95
★ By Tom Mix Software ★
O DONKEY KING $30.95
requires 32 K
RAIDERS "By Prism Software" In this adventure you must
deal with voodoo curses, alligators, ancient traps and hostile
natives. This adventure begins in the confusion of a large city
and ends (maybe too soon if you're not careful) in a dangerous,
dense jungle in South America.
(Extended BASIC) $16.95
^^^^^
Prism Software
779 Queen St.,
Box 1360, Kincardine,
Ontario, Canada. NOG 2G0
Tel:(51 9)396-8224
Add 5*n for shipping
No C.O.O.
VISA or Maslercard accepted
Ontario residents add 7% safes tax.
for fJtOvtry
July 1983 the RAINBOW 55
AGE=2 : lock-0 : o x=64 : 0Y=99 : x=ox: Y=
oy: PIXEL=0: PDRAW=2: BX=1 : BY=1
1 2 PMODE0 , l : PCLS : CLS : SCREEN 1 , l : L
INE(42,77)-(86, 121 ), PSET, B: LINE (
170, 77) -(214, 121 ) , PSET, B: GOSUB10
2:POKE65495,0
13 PMODE0 , VPAGE : L I NE < BX , B Y+42 ) - <
BX+40,BY+42) ,PSET:PMODE 0,1
14 F0RI-2T0VPAGE
15 PSET (1*4, 10,5) INEXTI
16 A*=INKEY*:PSET(X, Y,5)
17 F0RT=1T05: NEXTT: PRESET ( X , Y)
18 IFA*="D"THEN PDRAW- 1 : PSET ( X , Y
,5):60T014
19 I F A*= " / " THENP0KE65494 , 0 : GOSUB
l 14:gosubi02:run
20 i fa*" "b" then line (ox , oy) - ( x , y
),pset,b:pset(x,y,5) :pixel»i
21 ifa*="v"thenline(ox,oy)-(x, y)
, preset, b: preset ( x, y) : pi xel-0
22 ifa*="n"then pmode 0, vp age: li
ne (bx , by+42) - (bx+40, by+42) , prese
t:pmode 0, i:line(1, i0)-(40, 10),p
reset: bx=i:by=i:vpage=2: gosub 10
2: GOTO 14
23 IFA*<>"@"THEN25
24 IFLOCK-1THENLOCK=0:SOUND100,2
: ELSELOCK= 1 : SOUND 1 00 , 2
UPLOAD *16,95.
This is the UPLOAD side of DLOAD and
DLOADM in Extended Color Basic. Send a
basic or machine program to another ECB
Color Computer! Programs can be passed
directly or by phone if both computers are
hooked to modemsi(not supplied)) Uploaded
program arrives at the receiving end ready to
save, run, or execute. Patch to correct the
flaw in DLOADM is supplied in public domain*
INDEXER $14.95
Program produces a sorted list of variables
and line numbers used in your basic program.
Following each variable or line number will
be a listing of the numbers of the basic lines
which contain the variable or line number.
RUNning the basic program is not required.
Bonus! Global search of basic program for a
variable, a text string, or a basic keyword.
Fast machine language
16K/32K EXTENDED BASIC, Tape or RS Disk
Add $2.00 for shipping and handling
ML-US'R SOFTWARE
1 1 5 RISING SUN, Dept R
FORT MITCHELL, KY 41017
56 the RAINBOW July 1983
25 I FA*= " E " THENPDRAW-0: PRESET ( X ,
Y):A*=","
26 ifa*="l"thenline (ox, oy) - ( x , y)
,pset:pset(X,y,5):pixel=i
27 i f a*= " k " thenl i ne (ox , oy) - ( x , y)
, preset :preset(x,y):pix el=0
28 IF A*-"' "THEN SOUND 200,l:OX=
x:oy=y: a*=". "
29 ifa*=". "thenpset(x, y,5) : pixel
=l:GOTO 14
30 I FA*= " , " THENPRESET ( X , Y) : PI XEL
=0:GOTO 14
31 I F A*= " M " THENPDR AW-2 : GOTO 1 4
32 IFA*="S"THENG0SUB68: I FLOCK- IT
HEN A*= " F " : SOUND 1 00 , 2 : ELSEGOTO 1 4
33 1 FA*- " & " THENG0SUB68 : I FLOCK- 1 T
HEN A*- "F" : SOUND 1 00 , 2 : ELSEGOTO 1 4
34 I F A*= " A " THENG0SUB74 : GOTO 1 6
35 IFA*="#"THENPIXEL=0:GOTO12
36 I FA*- " * " THENG0SUB86 : GOTO 1 3
37 IF A*="T" THEN GET ( 172, 79) - (21
2, 119) ,M,G:PUT(44,79)-(84, 119) ,M
,PSET: IFPPOINT(X,Y)=0THEN PIXEL-
0 ELSE PIXEL-1
38 IFA*=CHR*(12)THEN GOSUB90:GOT
017
39 IFA*="F" THEN G0SUB98 : GOTO 1 4
40 I FA*— " R " THEN GOSUB 104: GOTO 14
41 IFA*="P"THEN PAINT (X, Y) , 5, 5: P
SET(X,Y,5) :PIXEL=1
42 IFA*="C"THEN CIRCLE (OX , OY) , SQ
R ( ABS ( X-OX ) -2+ABS (Y-OY) ^2) : PSET (
X,Y,5) :PIXEL=l:GOTO 14
43 IFA*="X"THEN CIRCLE (OX, OY) , SQ
R(ABS(X-0X)~2+ABS(Y-0Y)-*2) ,0:LIN
E (42, 77) - (86, 121 ), PSET, B: PRESET (
X,Y) : PI XEL-0: GOTO 14
44 IFA*="0"THEN PSET ( X , Y, 5) : PAIN
T(X,Y) ,0,0: LINE (42, 77) -(86, 121 ) ,
PSET, B: PRESET ( X, Y) : PIXEL-0:
45 IFA*= "G" THEN GOSUB 123
46 IFCHR*(94)-A*THEN Y1=Y-2:X1=X
: G0T055
47 IFCHR*(9)=A*THEN Xl-X+2: Yl-Y:
G0T055
48 IF CHR*(10)=A* THEN Yl-Y+2: XI
=X:GOTO 55
49 IF CHR*(8)=A* THEN X1=X-2:Y1=
y:goto 55
50 IF A*="l" THEN Xl-X-2: Yl-Y-2:
GOTO 55
51 IFA*="2"THEN Xl-X+2: Yl=Y-2: GO
T055
52 IFA*="W"THEN Xl-X+2: Yl-Y+2: GO
T055
53 I FA*— " Q " THEN X 1 -X-2: Yl-Y+2: GO
T055
54 GOTO 14
55 IF XI <44 THEN Xl-Xl+42
56 IFYK79THEN Yl-Yl+42
Pinball
Save $ 7 07
0088 Re 9 29,95
^m^m 26-3052
Be a pinball wizard! Hit the circle poppers and knock-
outs for points. You can even bump and tilt, For faster
play, design your own customized playfield.
Microbes
Save $ 5 07
1088
Reg. 24.95
26-3085
You're the disinfector shooting antibodies at the nasty
bacteria. Watch out for "X factor". This sneaky enemy
can zap you with its own antibodies!
Wildcatting
Save $ 10 07
1988
Reg. 29.95
26-3067
One to four wheeler-dealers pick drilling sites and fight
for the highest profits. Hit a gusher and you're in the
money. But tap a dry hole and you're drained!
in
Save $ 10 07
1988
Reg. 29.95
26-3080
Test your tennis skill against a real pro — your Color
Computer! Or play another person. Realistic matches
demand quick reflexes and concentration.
Art Gallery
Save $ 1 0 07
2988
Reg. 39.95
26-3061
Create landscapes, still lifes, cartoons— whatever suits
your artistic fancy! Special graphics features let you
accurately control your drawing.
... lllll -.lUli.. 8
■ > 0 [1 v 1 Q L £ (hlRtrfllL 3£3fl)tQll 1
acHst-fVi EnHttJa g^gainc*
Audio Spectrum
Analyzer
New Low Price!
1495
Was 19.95
In Cat. RSC-8
26-3156
Test your stereo equipment for maximum performance!
Color bar graphs show the power distribution over nine
full octaves in y h octave segments.
Roman Checkers
Save $ 5 07
2488
Reg. 29.95
26-3071
The classic game of strategic placement — as easy to
learn as checkers, but as rewarding as chess. Play
against the computer at different skill levels.
Shooting Gallery
Save s 5 07
2488
Reg. 29.95
26-3088
The carnival beckons — lights, music, the shooting gal-
lery! Hit moving targets — owls, ducks and more — for
points. Fewer shots each turn.
r "
fhaek
i j
The biggest name in little computers®
A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION
Retail prices may vary at individual stores and dealers.
57 IFX1>84THEN Xl=Xl-42
58 IFY1>119THEN Yl=Yl-42
59 I FPDRAW= 1 THEN PIXEL=1
60 IF PDRAW=0 THEN PIXEL=0
61 0NPIXEL+1G0T062,63
62 PRESET < X , Y ) I GOTO 64
63 PSET<X,Y,5)
64 IF PDRAW-1 THEN PSET < X 1 , Yl , 5)
ELSE IF PDRAW «0 THEN PRESET (XI
,Y1)
65 IF PPOINT(X1,Y1)<>0 THEN PIXE
L =1 ELSE PIXEL =0
66 x=xi:y=yi:gosub 67: GOTO 14
67 FOR N=338 TO 345: POKE N,255:N
EXT N: RETURN J
68 IFPDRAW=10RPIXEL=1THEN PSET<X
, Y, 5)
69 GET<44,79)- <84, 119) ,M,G
70 PMODE 0,VPAGE
71 IF A*-"8t" THEN PUT <BX , BY) - <BX
+40,BY+40) ,M,OR ELSE PUT <BX,BY)
-<BX+40,BY+40) ,M,PSET
72 PMODE 0,1: IF A*="8<" THEN PUT
<172,79)-<212, 119) ,M,OR ELSE PUT
< 172, 79)- <212, 119) ,M,PSET
73 RETURN
74 F0RPAGE=2T0VPAGE
75 IF PAGEOVPAGE THEN FOR 1 = 1 T
0 161 STEP 44: FOR J=l TO 241 STE
P 42: GOTO 78
76 FOR I"l TO BY STEP 44
77 IF I=BY THEN FOR J=l TO BX ST
EP 42 ELSE FOR J=l TO 246 STEP 4
2
78 PMODE 0,PAGE
79 GET < J, I ) -<J+40, 1+40) , M, G: PMOD
E0, 1
80 PUT<44,79)-<84, 119) ,M,PSET
81 ford=itodlay:next D
82 A*=INKEY«:IF A*="" THEN 84 EL
SE IF A*="-" OR A*= ,, + " THEN GOSU
B 87: GOTO 84
83 RETURN
84 NEXT J , I , PAGE
85 G0T074
86 BX=l:BY=l:FOR PAGE =2 TO 6:PM
ODE 0, PAGE: PCLS: NEXT PAGE : PMODE0
, 1:LINE<1, 10)-<40, 10) , PRESET: LIN
E< 173, 79)- (212, 118) , PRESET, BF: VP
AGE=2: RETURN
87 IF A*="+" THEN DLAY=DLAY-10: I
F DLAY< 1 THEN DLAY=1
88 IF A*="-" THEN DLAY=DLAY+10: I
F DLAYM90 THEN DLAY=190
89 SOUND200-D , 1 : G0SUB67 : RETURN
90 CPAGE=VPAGE
91 PMODE0 , CPAGE : SCREEN 1 , 1
92 A*=INKEY*:IF A*="" THEN 92
93 IF A*=CHR*<12) THEN CPAGE=CPA
GE+1:IF CPAGE=7 THEN CPAGE=2:G0T
Find The
COLOR COMPUTER INFORMATION
YOU NEED
COLOR COMPUTER INDEX CI
k COLOR COMPUTER CATALOG 9
American Library and Information Services
Dept. R, 3705 Mary Ellen NE, Albuquerque, NM 87111
Gentlemen:
1" Yes! Send me COLOR COMPUTER INDEX 1980-1981 at $5 (Canada and Mexico $6)
Z Yes! Sign me up for COLOR COMPUTER INDEX 1982 (4 issues) for $16 (Canada and Mexico $20)
- Yes! Sign me up for COLOR COMPUTER CATALOG 1982 (two issues) for $20 (Canada and Mexico $24)
□ YES! Sign me up for Color Computer Index 1983 (Six issues for $24— Canada & Mexico $30)
□ YES! Sign me up for Color Computer Index 1983 (Two issues for $20— Canada & Mexico $24)
Single Issues:
Color Computer Index $6 U.S. (Except 1980-1981)
Color Computer Catalog $12 U.S.
Name _
Address
City
State
Zip
58 the RAINBOW July 1983
0 91 ELSE GOTO 91
94 IF A«-"Q" THEN BOSUB 123: GOTO
90
93 IF A««"F" THEN BOSUB 98:B0T0
90
96 IF A«="R" THEN BOSUB 104:BOTO
90
97 PMODE0 , 1 : SCREEN 1 , 1 : RETURN
98 PMODE0, VPABE : L I NE ( BX , B Y+42 ) - (
BX+40, BY+42) , PRESET: PMODE0, 1
99 BX-BX+42: IFBX<241 THEN 102
100 IFBY+44M61 AND VPASE=6 THEN
SOUND200, 10:BX=BX-42:6OTO102
101 IF BY+44M61 THEN VPABE=VPAB
E+l:BX=l:BY=l ELSE BY=BY+44: BX=1
102 PMODE 0, VPABE: SET (BX,BY)-(
BX+40, BY+40 > , M , S : L I NE ( B X , B Y+42 > -
< BX+40, BY+42) ,PSET: PMODE 0,1: PUT
(172,79)-(212, 119) , M, PSET
103 BOSUB 67: RETURN
104 IF BXOl OR BYOl THEN 108
105 IF VPABE=2 THEN RETURN
106 PMODE 0, VPABE: LINE (BX, BY+42)
- (BX+40, BY+42) , PRESET
107 PMODE 0, 1 : PRESET ( VPASE*4, 10)
: VPABE=VPASE-1 : BX=21 1 : BY=133: PMO
DE 0, VPABE :BOTO 112
108 PMODE0, VPABE
109 LINE (BX, BY+42) -(BX+40, BY+42)
110 BX-BX-42: IFBX>-1 THEN 112
111 BX=211:BY-BY-44 I
112 LINE (BX, BY+42) -(BX+40, BY+42)
113 BET (BX, BY) -(BX+40, BY+40) ,M,B
:PMODE 0, l:PUT(172,79)-(212, 119)
, M, PSET: B0SUB67: RETURN
114 CLS: INPUT "SAVE OR LOAD"ST*:T
*=LEFT* ( T * , 1 ) : I FT*= " " THEN 1 22
115 CLS: INPUT "FILE N AME " ; F* : I FLE
N(F*) >8 THEN 115 v
116 PR I NT "READY TAPE AND HIT 'EN
TER ' " : L I NE I NPUT A*
117 PMODE 0,2: SCREEN 1,1
118 IF T*="S" THEN 120
119 CLOADM F*:SOTO 122
120 PMODE 0, VPABE: LINE (BX, BY+42
) -(BX+40, BY+42) , PRESET: PMODE 0,2
121 CSAVEM F*, 3072, 1535+ (VPASE*1
536 ) , 44553
122 PMODE 0,1: SCREEN 1 , 1 : RETURN
123 PMODE0, VPABE: LINE (BX, BY+42) -
( BX+40 , BY+42 ) , PRESET : VPABE-VPABE
+l:IFVPABE>6 THEN VPABE-2 : PMODE0
, 1 : LINE ( 1 , 10) - (40, 10) , PRESET
124 BOTO102 '
FILM ASTR
A powerful DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM for the
COLOR COMPUTER. If you have been wanting a really
good data manager at a reasonable price, THIS IS IT!
FILMASTR combines the best features of the big
systems to provide a combination of speed, power, and
simplicity that can't be beat.
CUSTOM SCREENS - Design input screens with up to
20 fields. Inverse labels for contrast.
FORM FILL ENTRY - Non-destructive blinking cursor,
full screen editing, no garbage collections, copy fields
from previous record. Keeps up with the fastest
typist.
FAST SORT & SEARCH - Machine language sorts the
entire file in seconds. Sort on any field or fields. Use a
variety of relational search techniques to select any
record or group of records that you can define.
EDIT FILES - Change or delete any record easily. Create
and save sub-files or append files.
PRINT FORMAT -Print any field in any order on any line.
Insert characters or phrases.
MENU DRIVEN - No special commands to be learned.
All functions are menu selected and aided by on
screen instructions.
GAPACITY - Up to 255 characters per record, 24000
characters per file. (9000 with 16K)
Documentation - a thorough manual with
examples and explanation of every command.
1 6K or 32K TAPE $29.95
EXT BASIC DISC 34.95
FILMASTR
TIME & MONEY
A "WHAT IF?" financial planning tool. T & M is used to
evaluate the time value of money as an aid in planning
investments, savings plans, retirement plans, leases,
loans, mortgages or any other situations that involve
compound interest.
The program is menu driven with simple on-screen
instructions. It uses a unique form fill-in for data entry
with easy editing. It even accepts simple math expres-
sions as input.
Calculated results are automatically entered as data and
can be used for further "WHAT IF?" calculation. All
factors are always on screen, making it easy to
understand the relationship betweenTIME & MONEY.
TIME & MONEY
16K or 32K
EXT BASIC
TAPE $19.95
DISC 24.95
"■=RI If
* - - - E=
i I i
t
Mf
1!
UT
(B14) 371-4658
BOX 1051, DUBOIS PA, 15801
Add $2.00 Postage & Handling
PA Residents Add 6°/o Tax
C.O.D. $2.00 Additional
July 1983 the RAINBOW 59
HOME HELP
Cn v^ i
X 1 o o
B
T
4
1
n
E R F 3 f
n 1 ^ c
I
1 .
3^
1
I
1 D 11
BY J. D. RAY
H
ome Budget Analysis was developed for my use in
summarizing year-end income and expense informa-
tion for my household budget. This is the kind of
program I like to use with my Color Computer because it
demonstrates its extreme versatility. In the process of closing
out our household finances for 1982, I wanted to be able to
compare more visually certain categories and see how much
was spent on a month-by-month basis. I use thePersonal
Finance program ROM pak developed by Tandy and its
biggest flaw is not being able to print out data with a printer
and demonstrate visually what is happening in the various
categories.
This program fills that void by allowing you to enter the
compiled information from the Personal Finance program
and send the information to a printer. Then you have the
option to see this data displayed on a high-resolution graph.
The program not only gives you a month-by-month summary,
but a year-end total and an average for the year. Please note
that you do not have to use the Personal Finance program to
compile information. Any process you use to compile your
home finances can be used to determine data for this program.
The best part of all of this is the program's ability to graph
the information on a high-resolution graph. The grid is drawn
with line statements and labeled with alpha-numerics. Then
60
the RAINBOW July 1983
COLOR COMPUTER FLEX* OS-9f USERS
DO YOU WANT faster
running programs (over
100 times faster than
BASIC)? A high level
language that is also a low
level language? A compiler
that runs in less than
32K? Assembly language
output? Position
independent code?
Extensive library
functions in source
assembly code? Periodic
newsletters with new
library functions? An aid
in learning assembly
language? Liberal version
updates?
C is the language of the
eighties; accepted by IBM
and Bell Labs for system
development: a compact,
highly versatile, easy to
use language, excellent
to use to build games,
applications, utilities,
operating systems, etc.
DUGGER'S GROWING
SYSTEMS with over 21
years of experience in
computing was first on the
market with a 6809 C
compiler. The compiler has
been extensively tested,
revised, and proven.
DUGGER'S GROWING
SYSTEMS C is a growing
subset of the standard C.
Version 1 contains all the
necessary C commands
(while, if, if else, int, char,
etc.). Version 2 contains
additional features (float,
long, for, goto, etc.).
AN EXTENSIVE
LIBRARY in assembly
language source is
provided (char, I/O,
formatted print,
filehandling, string
manipulating, etc.) Color
Computer version also has
additional functions which
use the BASIC ROM
functions (els, polcat,
floating point, etc.).
ORDER NOW
(new low prices )
Color Computer C Compiler
Version 1.2 (disk version) . .$49.95
Flex C Compiler
Version 2.3 120.00
OS-9 C Compiler
Version 1.2 95.00
C Programming Language
by Kernighan & Eitchie
(a must) 19.95
Computerware
disk assembler 49.95
Computerware Scribe
(Disk editor-text formatter) . 49.95
Shipping add $3.00
C.O.D. and Foreign handling
add 15%
MasterCard and Visa accepted.
DUGGER'S GROWinGHlSVSTEmS
Post Office Box 305 • Solana Beach
California 92075 • (619) 755-4373
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
Move up to
language compiler
*OS-9 ia a trademark of Mio row are. I no.
*FLEX is a trademark of Teohnical Systems Consultants. Ino.
the data is plotted. Not only are monthly
figures shown, lid blue line indicates the
yearly average. Then, after you have
gone but a soto all the trouble to
compile and enter your data, you can
send it to a printer for a permanent
record. Please note that the printer
subroutine (lines 1495-1640) is optional
and can be deleted. The printer 1 use is
the marvelous DMP-200 sold by Tandy
and the CHR$ codes used are labeled so
you can adapt to your own printer.
The high-resolution graph is actually
one graph with three available measur-
ing grids. When you compile your infor-
mation, you will need to decide which
range you will want to visualize. This is
important because, as you will discover,
the larger range you use, the more
difficult it is to compare small amounts
and small differences of the monthly
figures. Forexample, if you are compar-
ing figures that are less than $500, to
plot these figures on the 0-$ 10,000 grid
would be of little use. However, put
these figures on the0-$l ,000 grid or the
$400 to $600 grid and you really have
something that you can use.
fromcrashingwhenyou accidentally hit
a wrong key. When using INPUTYmes,
you need to determine what specific
responses you want or heed. List these
with the IF I THEN statements and use
the ELS £line with the reference back to
the IN KEYS line (see 630 and 1 280).
Lines 360 and 470 demonstrate how
you can center a heading at the top of
your screen and by changing the PRINT
@ figure, you can center your heading
anywhere on the screen. I suppose I am
too fussy about my displays in that I
want everything neat and systematical.
Centering those lines can really put
polish in your programs.
To Use
Change the items in line 150 to meet
your own needs. You need to use ten
items (or headings) or leave blank spaces
between commas. You could also
change line 160 to include the number of
headings you want to use. You need to
leave "review"as option#10 in themain
menu or change line 280. "Review"
allows you to return to see previously
entered data. I MPORTANT: Once you
The Program Summary
10
120
Program Credits
130
180
Data Statement, Read Line
1 85 —
290
Menu Loop
295
350
Range of Graph Selection
355
440 f
Data Input Loop for Range #2
445
630
Data Display
635
650
Line-Plot Formula
655-
1020
General Graph Plot — Grid
1025-
1 130
Data Line-Plot
1135
1290
Average Line-Plot
1295-
1310
Line Plot Formula for Range #1 & 3
1315
1380
Data Input Loop for Range #1 & 3
1385
1490
Graph Plot Change for Range #3
1495
1640
Printer Subroutine
1650
1670
Variable Map
Special Programming Techniques
This program has some interesting
programming techniques that I feel are
worth mentioning. These hints orsugges-
tions could be useful to any home
programmer who has to learn as 1 do —
THE HARD WAY!
Line 120 demonstrates a very easy
way to freeze a visual on your TV
monitor. The range of the FOR state-
ment determines how long your pro-
gram will stall. It is used here to display
the program credits.
Lines 290, 350, 630 and 1280 demon-
strate how you can keep a program
enter new data in any category, all other
data will be lost! The "Review" option
cancorrect a mistaken key being pushed.
If you do not have a printer, you can
delete lines 630 and 1 495-1 640. You also
have to delete the second half of line
590. If you delete line 630, change line
620 to: If R$ ="N" then 190 ELSE 600.
If you do not have a printer, I would
highly recommend you eliminate these
lines to prevent the program from hang-
ing up in the event "P" is typed. If you
plan to use a printer, the printer codes
are listed in the program lines so you
can adapt to your own printer. These
codes are for the DMP-200.
When you are prompted to select a
range for your input data, you will have
to select one of the following:
0—$ 1,000 Range -1-
0— $10,000 Range -2-
$400—5600 Range -3-
Once you select a range, if you enter a
figure outside of this range, you will be
asked to re-enter the figure. Listen for
the beep and watch for the new prompt.
The purpose for the range figures is for
the high-resolution graph. If you do not
want to compare dollar figures, change
the AS in line 460 and adjust the PRINT
USING statements in lines 1570 and
1610. You will also need to adjust lines
310, 320, 330 and 1350 to eliminate the
dollar signs.
When entering figures, you cannot
use commas to separate thousands or
you will get an "entry ignored" error
statement. Also, to enter a 0, just press
ENTER and you will be prompted for
the next month.
When the entered data is displayed,
you have three options, which are listed
on the screen:
Y — to see data on high-resolution graph
N — to return to Menu Listing for other
comparisons
(NOTE: All previously entered data
will be lost once you begin entering
new data. If you press "N" acciden
tally or choose to review previously
entered data, select option# 10 listed
as "REVIEW"and the old data will
be displayed. Use the SHIFT ,0 key
to type "review" in reverse letters.)
P — sends list to printer (NOTE: You
will be prompted with a "PRINTER
READY?" Press ENTER to begin
the line feed.)
When the high-resolution graph is
used, you also havethree options ("L"&
R" are listed on screen under the word
GRAPH"):
L — to return to the menu listing (see
NOTE above)
R — to return and REVIEW data listing
display
N — to END program
In case you are not familiar with
alpha-numerics, you need to under-
stand that on graphic screens
(PMODE1-4), you cannot use regular
type, thus you have to use DRA W
statements and actually draw the letters
and numbers on the high-resolution
screen. If you are using a small TV
monitor (1 use a 19 inch Color TV), the
alpha-numerics may distort and be un-
readable. If this is the case for you, then
you'll need to adjust the DRA W lines.
The letter or number being drawn is
indicated on each DRA W line.
it
it
62 the RAINBOW July 1983
ANNIVERSARY SPECIAL!
We are 1 year old this month and to celebrate,
TAKE 15% OFF THE LIST PRICE OF EVERY ITEM WE SELL!
(Good Until July 10, 1983)
TAPE CAROUSEL
JOYSTICKS
DEALER & CLUB INQUIRIES INVITED
$15.00 EACH
TWO OR MORE
$1 3.50 EACH
ONLY
$19.95
TWO FOR
$37.95
Holds up to 25 cassettes In Individual compartments. Units are
stackable and revolve for easy access. Clear plastic sliding covers
keep tapes dust-free (tapes not included).
"In use, we found the ENDICOTT
JOYSTICK to be smooth and respon-
sive: ...built to last, the Endicott
model is a solid buy".
- the RAINBOW, October 1982
6 Month Warranty. No adaptor • plugs right Inl
"...provided the best feel of ail the
joysticks tested. ...(a) rugged unit at
an affordable price."
- SOmicro, March 1983
EXCELLENT PROGRAMS FROM LEADING SOFTWARE HOUSES^
We now carry disk versions! (Requires 32K unless otherwise noted).
ELITE SOFTWARE
★ ZAKSUND Fantasticl
ELITE-CALC (16, 32, 64K) Spreadsheet
SPECTRAL ASSOCIATES
★ LANCER A Jousting good time.
★ MS. GOBBLER Gobbler's female counterpart.
WHIRLYBIRD RUN Great flying action.
GALAX ATT AX Excellent Galaxlan
SPACE RACE Excellent Omega Race
PLANET INVASION Quick action Defender
"SPACE TRADERS Buy stock in universe
companies to become the richest. Like Acquire.
'COMPUVOICE A phoneme speech generation
program.
MARK DATA PRODUCTS
EL BANDITO Get the food and run.
GLAXXONS Excellent adaptation.
SPACE RAIDERS Not just another Invaders game.
CAVE HUNTER Grab the Ireasure and outrun the
creatures
HAYWIRE Will drive you BERZERK 1
COMPUTERWARE
★ GRAN PRIX Test your driving skill.
★ MOON HOPPER Get to moon-base alive
BLOC HEAD Tricky action.
NERBLE FORCE Excellent Defender clone.
MEGAPEDE Most challenging version.
SHARK TREASURE Don't get eaten!
SPACE AMBUSH Action like Galaxian.
DOODLE BUG Like Ladybug
RAIL RUNNER Dodge trains and handcars
PAC ATTACK II Great gobbler. New graphics.
STORM A real Tempest!
COLOR INVADERS Like the original.
SYNTHER • 7 Music synthesizer
TOM MIX
THE FROG
★ GRABBER
★ SPACE SHUTTLE Control the Space Shuttle
★ DONKEY KING 4 Screens - Full action!
★ COLOR GOLF Challenging! Uses full set of
clubs.
TRAP FALL Many. '"Pitfalls" here!
•ESCAPE FROM S.P.E.C.T.R.E. Graphic Spy Adv.
•KATERPILLAR ATTACK Look out for spiders!
•MOON LANDER 2 games in 1
THE FIXER Loads 600 hex programs to disk
DISK TO TAPE Dump most disks to tape
TAPE TO DISK Load most tapes to disk
•SPELLING TEST Provides a standard oral quiz.
ARIZIN
COLORKIT Full of powerful software development
tools, aids, bells and whistles.
T
D
HI A
4^1,93
$44.95
$44.95
T
D
$21.95
$21.95
$21. 95
$21.95
$25.95
$2195
$21.95
$25.95
$14.95
$19.95
$34.95
$39.95
T
D
$24.95
$29.95
$24.95
$29.95
$24.95
$29.95
$24.95
$29.95
$24.95
$29.95
T
D
$21.95
$26.95
$24.95
$29.95
$26.95
$29.95
$24.94
$29.95
$21.95
$26.95
$21.95
$26.95
$21.95
$26.95
$24.95
$29.95
$21.95
$26.95
$24.95
$26.95
$24.95
$29.95
$19.95
$24.95
$21.95
$26.95
T
D
$27.95
$30.95
$27.95
$30.95
$28.95
$26.95
$29.95
$17.95
$27.95
$30.95
$17.95
$21.95
$24.95
$17.95
$17.95
$17.95
$17.95
$19.95
T
D
$29.95
$34.95
ANTECO SOFTWARE
KATERPILLAR ATTACK
6-BALL (POOL) All balls shown. Full Cue control.
INTERGALACTIC FORCE Experience trench
warfare in your X-Wing fighter,
•HOUSEHOLD EXPENSE MANAGER Menu-driven
with 30 household categories. Screen or printer
output.
•STOCK ANALYZER AND TREND Track your
stocks. Disk compatible. Optional printer
output.
COGNITEC
TELEWRITER 64 (For 16, 32, or 64K)
THE word processor for the CoCo!
24.95
$19.95
$21.95
T
$49.95
PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
T
$24.95
SHAFT New arcade game
•JUNGLE Adventure!
THE DISK MANAGER A must!
THE DISK MASTER Excellent!
★ FLIGHT Realistic flight simulator
★ 8-BIT BARTENDER Pdrty fun 100 + recipes.
•VIKING Go from peasant to King!
•GANGBUSTERS Lead a life of crime and wiri!
PANDORA'S GAME BOX Includes: "pac" game,
"defender-type'' game, Divebomb, Blockade,
slot machine, and Squares (like cube).
•PREREAD I, II & III (Three tapes)
Prepare your preschooler to learn to read
$19.95
$19.95
$19.95
$19.95
$19.95
$24.95
$24.95
PETROCCI FREELANCE ASSOCIATES
T
$19.95
★ INSPECTOR CLUESEAU Find the murderer in
this excellent graphic adaptation of Clue.
•STAGECOACH Graphic Adventure
•STRESS EVALUATOR Measure and manage
your stress
$19.95
$24.95
ROM PK
$26.95
$29.95
$29.95
D
$59.95
D
$29.95
$24.95
$29.95
$24.95
$24.95
$24.95
$24.95
$24.95
$29.95
Additional listings in our free catalog - call or write.
•Requires 16K Ext. Basic Minimum.
Others 16K Std.
★ Requires 32K Ext. Basic Minimum.
Basic Minimum.
WE PAY SHIPPING!
Other companies ask you to ADD $1, $2, $3, or more for shipping
WE NEVER do to U.S.A., Canada, Mexico.
Add $2.00 for C.O.D. (U.S.A. Only). Allow 2 weeks for checks to clear.
SHIPPING-ALL OTHER COUNTRIES: Add $2.00 for each software Item. Add
$3.00 for each Joystick, $10.00 for each carousel. Items will be shipped air mall.
ALL PAYMENTS MUST BE IN U.S. FUNDS.
ENDICOTT SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 12543, Huntsville, AL 35802
VISA
(205) 881-0506
PHONE OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK!
This program has been a lot of fun to develop and will
receive a lot o( use in my home and business. This program
should be bug-proof, however, if you have any problems,
just contact me and I will try to help you. This program is
available on tape along with another like it to compare
various yearly figures. J. D. Ray, 5065 France Avenue,
North Charleston, SC 29406. My phone is 1-803-554-0627.
Home Budget Analysis is one of
three programs on the Rainbow
'Record. 1 See page 146.
The listing:
^295
034D
490
05C0
640
0896
820
0A77
980
0CF9
1130 .
. . OF 1 2
1290 .
. .113C
1400 .
..141C
1560 .
. . 1632
| END .
..1918
10 '***HOME BUDGET ANALYSIS***
20 * BY J. D. RAY
30 * 5065 FRANCE AVENUE
40 * N. CHARLESTON, S.C. 29406
50 * 1-803-554-0637
60 CLS5: PR I NTS99 , STR I NG* ( 26 , " X " )
1
70 PR I NTS 131, "XX HOME BUDGET ANA
LYSIS XX" 5
80 PR I NTS 163, "XX
XX";
90 PRINT© 195, "XX BY J. D. RA
Y '/.'/. " ;
100 PRINTS227, "XX COPYRIGHT (C)
1983 XX";
Now a LOGO for the
COLOR COMPUTER
***TINY TURTLE***
TINY TURTLE is an affordable,
fully compatible LOGO language
with high resolution turtle
graphics, music, fast processor
operation, and storing and
retrieval of user procedures.
TINY TURTLE comes complete with
soft-copy reference user manual.
3-2K/SXTD BASIC/CASSETTE $39-95
HARD-COPY MANUAL $^«95
SDS COMPUTERS BOGOTA, N.J.
POB 450 07603
N.J. ADD 5% TAX
64
1 10 PRINTS259, STRING* (26, "X" ) ;
120 FOR T=l TO 1200:NEXTT
130 DIM T<13)
140 DIM Q*<10>
145 * INSERT YOUR OWN HEADING FOR
THE MENU LISTING
150 DATA INCOME, ELECTRICAL USE
EXPENSE, TELEPHONE EXPENSE, MED I
CAL EXPENSE, SAVINGS, CLOTHING E
XPENSE, GROCERY EXPENSE, MISCELL
ANEOUS, AUTOMOBILE EXPENSES, revi
ew
160 FORX=1TO10
170 READ Q*(X)
180 NEXT X
185 'MENU LOOP
190 CLS
200 PRINTS67, "WOULD YOU LIKE TO
COMPARE: "
210 L=130
220 FORX=1TO10
230 PRINT@L,X;Q*(X)
240 L*L+32
250 NEXT X
260 PRINTS460, " < 1-10) "
270 INPUT X
280 IF X=10 THEN 460 .
290 IFX<0 OR X>10 THEN 270
295 * VARIABLE SELECTION
300 CLS: PR I NT: PR I NT" ALL FIGURE
S ENTERED MUST BE:
310 PRINT: PRINT" 0 - * 1,000.
00 RANGE <1>"
320 PRINT" 0 - $10,000.00 RA
NGE <2>"
330 PRINT" *-400 - *600.00 RA
NGE <3>"
340 PRINT: INPUT "SELECT RANGE: "
;z
350 IF Z<1 OR Z>3 THEN 340
355 'DATA INPUT LOOP
360 CLS:PRINT@15-INT(LEN(Q*<X> )/
2) ,Q*(X)
370 T*=Q*<X)
380 PRINT
390 IF Z=l OR Z=3 THEN GOSUB 132
0
395 'DATA INPUT LOOP FOR RANGE#2
400 FOR X=l TO 12
410 PRINT "# " ;X
420 INPUT "MONTH ";T(X>
430 IF T(X)>10000 THEN PRINT "AM
OUNT IS TOO HIGH. PL
EASE ENTER NUMBER < 10000": SOUND
150, l:GOTO410
440 NEXT X
445 'DATA DISPLAY
450 M=0
460 L=36:P=48: A*= "**#*, ###.##"
470 CLS: PRINT @ 15-INT (LEN <T*> /2
),T*
the RAINBOW July 1983
GIVE TOUR CHILD
AN UNFAIR
ADVANTAGE
IN MATH
Help your child gain an advan-
tage by using one of our
classroom-tested programs in
number concepts, addition,
subtraction, multiplication,
division, fractions, decimals &
percent, pre-algebra, or one of
the 15 math games that teach.
For students in grades K through 9, on tape or disk. For
TDP and TRS-80 32K Color Computers with extended
basic. These professional-quality programs use high res-
olution graphics with text and sound. They have
been written by experienced teachers, tested and re-
vised to provide high-quality and highly motivating
instruction. And while you are asking, ask to see
our reading and language programs as well.
ASK FOR MICRO SCHOOL
PROGRAMS BY NAME at your
local computer store.
BERTAMAX INC.
Max Jerman, Ph.D.,
President
PERSONALIZED INSTRUCTION ON PERSONAL COMPUTERS
BERTAMAX INC.
© 1982 Berlamax. Inc. • 101 Nickerson St.. "202 • Seattle. WA 98109 • (206)282-6249
480 FORX-1 TO 12
490 PRINT8L, "MONTH # "SXlPRINTSP
, USING A*)T(X)
500 L»L+32: P-P+32
510 NEXT X
520 T«=T(1)+T<2)+T<3)+T<4)+T<5)+T
<6> +T (7) +T (8) +T (9) +T < 10) +T < 1 1 ) +T
<12)
530 PR INT 64 16, "TOTAL: ";:PRINT
USINGA*;T
540 T=T/12
550 IF Z=l THEN M=INT (T/20) *3
560 IF Z«2 THEN M=INT (T/200) *3
570 IF Z=3 THEN M=INT <T/20) #3
580 PR I NTS448 , " AVERAGE : " ; : PR I NT
US I NBA* ;T
590 PR I NTS437 , " GRAPH? Y / N " : PR I NT
6469, " PRINT? <P>"
595 'SELECTION- (Y) TO SEE HIGH
RESOLUTION GRAPH; (N) TO RETURN
TO MENU; 8c <P) TO SEND DATA TO P
R INTER
600 R*=INKEY*IIF R*="" THEN 600
610 IF R*="Y" THEN 640
620 IF R*="N" THEN 190
630 IF R*="P" THEN 1500 ELSE 600
'LINE PLOT FORMULA FOR RANGE
#2
640 A=INT(T<1)/200)#3:B=INT(T(2)
/200) *3: C=INT (T (3) /200) *3:D=INT (
SUPERIOR
THE
1 ORACLE SOFTWARE
PRESENTS
C C QUBE
A MAGIC CUBE SIMULATION FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
FEATURING •
• Easy to use commands
• Fast - uses machine language routines
• Random mixes
• Undo moves or random mixes
• See all 6 faces
• Save QUBE to tape for later reload
•Only $14.95
Send Check or M.0. to:
SUPERIOR ORACLE SOFTWARE
PO Box -J505
Greenwich, Conn. 06830
RAINBOW
Conn, residents add '/ ' i *■ >ales tai
Shipping and handling included
Personal checks require
? weeks to clear
No C.O.O.s
Requires I6K Extended Basic
T(4)/200)#3:E=INT<T(5) /200)#3:F=
INT<T(6) /200)*3:B=INT<T(7) /200)*
3: H-INT <T <8) /200) #3: I = INT (T <9) /2
00) #3: J=INT <T< 10) /200) #3: K=INT <T
(11) /200)*3:L=INT(T(12) /200)*3:
650 IF Z=l OR Z=3 THEN GOSUB 130
0
655 ' GENERAL GRAPH PLOT - GRID
660 CLSIPM0DE3, 1: COLOR 1,2: PCLSlS
CREEN1,0
670 F0RY=25T0175STEP15
680 LINE (35, Y)-(244, Y) , PSET
690 NEXT Y
700 COLOR 1,2
710 F0RX=35T0244 STEP 19
720 LINE(X,25)-(X, 175) , PSET
730 NEXT X
740 DRAW " S2 ; BM35 , 1 85U 1 0G3 " '1
750 DRAW " BM56 , 1 85L6U5R6U6L6 " ' 2
760 DRAW "BM71 , 185R8U10L8R8D5L7R7
D5" '3
770 DRAW" BM90, 184BU5U5D5R8U5D10"
"4
780 DRAW "BM 109, 185R9U6L9U5R9" '5
790 DRAW"BM128, 185U10R10L10D5R10
D6L10" '6
800 DRAW "BM148, 1 85U5E6L8D 1 " '7
810 DRAW " BM 1 66 , 1 85 U 1 0R8D5L8R8D6L
8" '8
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE
ForTRS80 Color Computer & TDP 1 00
PROGRAMERS TOOLKIT
6 USEFUL TOOLS FOR THE SERIOUS COMPUTER USER
CHAINRUN - Add a single line to a Basic program and
subsequent Basic programs load and run auto-
matically. Allows program chaining.
HEXEDIT - ML program which gives full screen edit
capability in Hexadecimal or ASCII for any RAM
address in memory. Can be used to patch ML routines
in memory.
DUMP- Displays the memory contents of ML programs.
CMERGE - ML subroutine which saves the trouble
of retyping long subroutines. Merge different Basic
programs into one large program.
CROSS REFERENCE - ML program which prints line
location of all variables and sorted cross reference
list for the source and destination for every GOSUB
and GOTO statement in a Basic program.
BASIC FULL SCREEN EDIT - ML program which will
give full screen edit capability for any Basic program.
Edit programs with cursor control.
16K $28.95 postage paid
includes 10 pages of Documentation.
Mormon Buy
Sollwaro
TRS 80 9 Tandy Corp.
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE
A DIVISION OF MORETON BAY LABORATORY
316 Castillo Street
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
(805) 962-3127
California residents add 6% sales tax.
66 the RAINBOW July 1983
820 DRAW "BM 189, 1 85U1 0L8D5R8" '9
830 DRAW " BM203 , 1 8SU 1 0G3 " : DRAW " BM
207, 185U10R8D10L8" ' 10
840 DRAW 11 BM223 , 1 85U 1 0G3 " : DRAW " BM
227, 185U10G3" '11
850 DRAW " BM24 1 , 1 85U 1 083 " : DRAW 11 BM
249, 185L8U5R8U6L8" * 12
860 IF Z«3 THEN GOTO 1390
870 DRAW"S3;BM20, 175U10R10D10L10
880 DRAWBM25, 160U10G3" '1
890 DRAW " BM26 , 1 45L8U4R8U6L8 " ' 2
900 DRAWBM27, 130U10L8R8D4L6R6D6
L8" '3
910 DRAW " BM25 , 1 1 5U 1 1 B6R9 " '4
920 DRAWBM20, 100R8U6L8U4R8" '5
930 DRAW " BM20 , 85U 1 0R8L8D5R8D6L8 "
940 DRAW"BM23,70U6E5L7" '7
950 DRAW " BM20 , 55U 1 0R8D5L8R8D6L8 "
'8
960 DRAW"BM27,40U10L8D5R8" '9
970 DRAW " S2 ; BM 1 , 28U2E8U2BL8D2F8D
2 " : DRAW " S2 ; BM9 , 28U 1 0G3 " : DRAW " BM 1
2 , 28U 1 0R8D 1 0L8 " : DRAW " BM2 1 , 28U 1 0R
8D10L8": IF Z=2THENDRAW"BM28,28U1
0R8D10L8" * XI 000
980 DRAW " S5 ; BM80 , 1 5U 1 0R 1 0D2U2L 1 0
D10R10U4L4" *G
990 DRAW " BM 1 00 , 1 5U 1 0R 1 0D5L 1 0R5F5
1 000 DRAW " BM 1 20 , 1 5U5E5F5L 1 0R 1 0D5
" 'A
1010 DRAW " BM 1 40 , 15U10R10D5L10D5"
*P
1020 DRAW "BM160, 15U10D5R10U5D10"
'H
1025 'DATA-LINE PLOT
1030 C0L0R4,2
1040 V=175
1050 IF Z=3 THEN V=l 15
1060 line (35, v-a)-(54, v-b) ,pset:
line - (73, v-c) , pset: line- <92,v-d
> ,pset:line-(iii,v-e> ,pset:line-
(130, v-f) ,pset: line- (149, v-g) , ps
et : l i ne- ( 1 68, v-h ) , pset : l i ne- ( 1 87
,v-i) ,pset: line- (206, v-j) ,pset:l
i ne- ( 225 , v-k ) , pset : l i ne- ( 244 , v-l
) , PSET
1070 LINE (5, 10) -(10, 10) , PSET
1 080 DRAW " S2 ; BM 1 5 , 1 3U 1 0R6F4D5G3L
6" 'D
1 090 DRAW " BM25 , 1 3U5E5F5L 1 0R 1 0D 5 "
:DRAW "BM41, 13U5E5F5L10R10D5" 'A
1100 DRAW"BM35, 13U8L5R8" *T
1110 COLOR 3,2
1120 V=175
1130 IF Z=3 THEN V-115
1135 'AVERAGE-LINE PLOT
1140 LINE (35, V-M)-(244, V-M) , PSE
T
1150 LINE (205, 10)-(210, 10) , PSET
1160 DRAW " S2 J BM2 16,1 3U6E5F5L9R9D
6" 'A
1170 DRAW " BM227 , 1 3H5U5D5F5E5U5BD
10" 'V
1 1 80 DRAW " BM233 , 1 3U8R8D 1 U 1 L8D8R8
U4L3R3D4" '8
1190 LINE (241, 13)-(242, 13) , PSET:
LINE (241, 12) -(242, 12) , PSET
1200 DRAW"Cl;BM110,23H5E5" '<
1210 DRAW"BM119,23U10D10R6" 'L
1 220 DRAW " BM 1 33 , 23U 1 0R9D5L9R3F6 "
'R
1 230 DRAW " BM 1 45 , 23E5H5 " ' >
1240 DRAW " BM 1 26 , 20L2 " '-
1245 ' SELECTION- (L) TO RETURN TO
MENU LIST; (R) TO REVIEW DATA E
NTERED; & (N) TO END PROGRAM.
1250 R*»INKEY*: IFR*=""THEN1250
1260 IF R*="L" THEN 190
1270 IF R*="R" THEN 460
1280 IF R*="N" THEN END ELSE 125
0
1290 END
1295 'LINE PLOT FORMULA FOR RANB
E# 1 & 3
1300 A=INT(T(1)/20)*3:B=INT(T(2)
/20) *3I C=INT (T (3) /20) *3: D=INT (T (
AUTOTERM
TURNS YOUR COLOR COMPUTER INTO THE
WORLD'S
SMARTEST TERMINAL!
YOU'LL ALSO USE AUTOTERM FOR SIMPLE
WORD PROCESSING & RECORD KEEPING.
EASY TO USE
ON-THE-SCREEN EDITING via cursor. Full prompting.
Scrolling. Key Beep & Error Beebop.
PLEASANTLY POWERFUL
Total communications ability at 110 to 1200 baud.
Transmit text, graphics, BASIC and Machine Language.
Save & Load cassette/disk files while on line. Scan/Edit
current data while receiving more data. Use any modem.
Fully supports D. C. Hayes & others. Use any printer,
page size, margins, line spacing. Override narrow text
width of received data. Imbed printer controls.
TRULY AUTOMATIC
Automate almost any communications activity. Dial via
modem, sign-on, interract, sign-off. Perform an entire
session. Act as a message taker. Keystroke Multipliers
may include parameter changes, editing, time delays,
execution of other multipliers, looping, waiting for
partially specified responses, and branching based
upon alternative responses. Self-test mode.
32K MEMORY RECOMMENDED ™?°° w
CASSETTE $39.95 DISKETTE (coming soon) $49.95
Add $3 Shipping & Handling
MC/VISA/COD
PXE Computing
11 Vlcksburg Lane
Richardson, TX 75080
Eves. & Weekends: 214/699-7273
Weekdays: MICRO CONCEPTS
214/458-0330
July 1983 the RAINBOW 67
4) /20> *3:E*INT (T (5) /20> *3: F-INT (
T <6> /20> *3:G=INT (T(7) /20) *3: H=IN
T<T<8>/20)*3: I*INT<T(9)/20)*3: J»
INT ( T ( 10) /20> *3: K-INT (T ( 1 1 > /20> *
3:L»INT(T (12)/20)*3
310 RETURN
315 * DATA INPUT LOOP FOR RANGE
& 3
320 FOR X=l TO 12
330 PRINT "# " ;X
340 INPUT "MONTH "»T(X>
345 IF Z=l THEN GOTO 1360
350 IF Z=3 AND T<X) <-450 OR T<
X) > 600 THEN PR I NT "AMOUNT IS OU
T OF RANGE. ": PR I NT "PLEASE ENTER
NUMBER BETWEEN": PRINT" *-400.
00 - $600. 00": SOUND 150,1: GOTO 1
330
1360 IF Z=l AND T(X>>1000 THEN P
R I NT " AMOUNT IS TOO HIGH. ": PRINT"
PLEASE ENTER NUMBER < 1000":SOUN
D 150, l: GOTO 1330
1370 NEXT X
1380 GOTO 460
1385 'GRAPH PLOT CHANGE FOR RANG
E #3
1 390 DRAW " S3 } BM 1 5 , 1 70L3 " : DRAW " BM
25, 175U11G6R9" * -4
1400 DRAW " BM 1 5 , 1 55L3" : DRAWBM27,
RAINBOW
STOCK & FUND INVESTING
with the
TRS-SD* COLOR COMPUTER
USE FUJ1DGRAF & FUMDFILE
FUNDGRAf is a stock market analysis program
that not only graphs and analyzes funds or stocks f
but also makes decisions on when to BUY and SELL.
• GRAPH6 fundus progress (up to 200 weeks).
• SUPERIMPOSES for comparison!
- a line of constant percent growth.
- a graph of any other fund (or stock).
• CALCULATES over any given time spam
- the percent price change. /^^v
- the moving average (any span).
• INDICATES BUY and SELL signals.
- FUNDGRAF -
TAPE @ $U9.95
DISK @ $69*9%
- FUNDFILE ~
DISK only @ $27.95
• ADD $2 Handling on
all orders.
• Details? SEND SASE
• 16 K ECB Requir'd.
-printer optional
FUNDFILE is a portfolio and account manage-
ment program for securities. It creates files for
up to 900 transactions & 50 securities and reports
asset value 1 realized & unrealized capital gains,
adjusted costs (for stock dividends), and MORE I 1
PARSONS SOFTWARE, DEPT. A
118 WOODSHIRE DRIVE
PARKERSBURG, WV 26101
1 60U 1 0L8R8D4L6R6D6L8 " '-3
1410 DRAW " BM1 5 , 1 40L3 " : DRAW " BM26 ,
145L8U4R8U6L8" '-2
1 420 DRAW" BM 1 5 , 1 25L3 " : DRAW " BM25 ,
130U1063" '-1
1430 DRAW" BM20, 1 15U10R10D10L10"
'0
1440 DRAW"BM25, 100U1063" ' 1
1450 DRAW"BM26,85L8U4R8U6L8" '2
1 460 DRAW" BM27 , 70U 1 0L8R8D4L6R6D6
L8" '3
1470 DRAW"BM25,55U11G6R9" '4
1480 DRAW"BM20,40R8U6L8U4R8" '5
1490 GOTO 970
1495 'PRINTER SUB-ROUTINE
1500 PRINT @ 437, "PRINTER": PRINT
@ 469, "READY?": SOUND 160,2
1510 R*=INKEY*:IF R*="" THEN 151
0: IF R*=" " THEN GOTO 1520
1520 PRINT#-2,CHR*<27> JCHR*<19>
'SELECT STANDARD CHARACTER
1530 PRINT#-2,CHR*<15) 'START UN
DERLINE
1540 PRINT#-2,T*
1550 PRINT#-2,CHR*(14) 'END UNDE
RLINE
1560 FOR X=l TO 12
1570 PRINT #-2,USING"##. ";X5 :PRI
NT#-2 , US I NG " **## , ### .##"5 T (X)
1580 NEXT X
1590 PRINT#-2,CHR*<10) ' LINE FE
ED
1600 T=T(1)+T(2)+T(3>+T(4>+T(5>+
T(6)+T(7)+T(8)+T(9)+T<10)+T(ll)+
T(12)
1610 PRINT#-2, "TOTAL: ";:PRINT
#-2 , US I NG " **## , #*# . *# " ; T
1620 T=T/12
1 630 PR I NT#-2 , " AVERAGE : " ; : PR I N
T #-2, USING "**##, ###.##" ;T
1640 GOTO 590
1650 ' VARIABLE MAP:
1651 'T<X> - INPUT DATA FOR MONT
HS OF YEAR OR 12 PERIODS OF TIME
1652 'Q*(X> - MENU SELECTION
1653 ' Z - RANGE OF INPUT DATA
1654 ' T*~ HEADINGS FROM MENU
1655 ' T - TOTAL OF T(X)'S AND A
VERAGE
1656 ' M - VARIABLE FOR AVERAGE
LINE PLOT
1657 ' A-L - VARIABLES FOR THE 1
2 MONTHS OR TWELVE PERIODS
1658 ' R* - SELECTION STRING:
1659 ' Y - YES
1660 ' N - NO (END)
1661 ' P - PRINTER
1662 ' L - RETURN TO MENU LIST
1663 ' R - REVIEW
1670 'MEMORY AVAILABLE - 2107
68
the RAINBOW July 1983
PETROCCI FREELANCE ASSOCIATES
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT: Computer Software
Documentation / Graphics / Consultation
Inspector CLUEseau
Sherlock Holmes/Agatha Christie fans-It's finally here— A murder
mystery game for the 80-C! Mr. Goodbody has been killed in his
mansion and you must solve the mystery. WHO committed the
murder, WHERE did it occur and HOW was it done! Question
suspects, find the secret passage, and break the code to get clues.
Hi-Res graphics enhances this excellent game. The computer
records the clues you obtain on a clue inventory screen and also
provides suspect descriptions at the touch of a finger. A fast, fun
game that will sharpen your deductive skills. Every game is
different!
32K Extended $19.95
Stress Evaluator
Assess your present level of stress and how it affects your
potential for illness. Evaluate the amount of life change you can
effectively handle in the future. The Stress Evaluator is a valuable
tool for recognizing, measuring and managing stress. The
program also provides a Coping Ability Test which shows your
ability to handle stress in general. Provides goal setting exercises
and meditation graphic screens to help achieve stress-alleviating
goals. All results output to printer.
16K Extended $24.95
Weather Watch
If you really care about the weather, this program is for you. Three
programs provide you with National Weather Service approved
statistics in a monthly report format. Input of daily high and low
temp, and rainfall outputs a report of monthly average temps, and
range; high and low averages; high and low temp, for month; total
rainfall; days rain > .1 in.; heating and cooling degree days; days
high > 90; days low < 32; days low temp. < 32and > 0; days low <
0; day of highest range. Also retrieves a single day from data file
for review. All data outputs to printer. Well documented.
16K Extended $24.95
Forecaster & Weather Watch (Disk)
Forecast general weather conditions with 80% accuracy with this
fun, simple to use program. Although not meant to replace
National Weather Service forecasts, this program is informative
and enjoyable to use. You can even create your own weather by
setting the variables!! Provides general forecast including pre-
cipitation probabilities. Includes Weather Watch program also all
on one easy to use disk.
32K Extended Disk $49.95
Include $1.50 for handling for each program.
Az. Residents add 6% Sales Tax.
Quantity Discounts to Dealers.
CIS subscribers contact through EMAIL 70435,754
Stagecoach
R0CCI FREELANCE ASSOCIATES
651 N. Houghton Rd.
Jucson, A2. 85748
% 602-296-1 041
Enter the Wild West Days as you try to carry gold across the
desert in a stagecoach. Hot in pursuit are the James Gang and of
course, Indians'! To make matters worse you are responsible for
the safe journey of Annabelle, the judge's daughter. Hi-Res
graphic screen plots your progress. Lots of fun surprises await
you in this game -shootouts, kidnappings and more. Don't miss
the fun!
16 K Extended $19.95
Heart-Lung-Circulatory Systems
Hi-Re9 Graphic Education
A difficult subject becomes fun and easy to learn. Programmed
learning approach divides subject content into concise frames
of information. Hi-res graphic display with labelled anatomical
structures follows text frames for added clarity. Visually high-
lights keywords and concepts. Self test questions follow each
section. Provides immediate feedback to user response and
displays correct answers beforemoving tonewsubject matter.
Excellent for school or home use.
32KEXT Cassette $34.95
32KEXT Disk $39.95
Bowling Secretary
Save hours of tedious work with this elficient program. Calcu-
lates individual player average, high game and total pins, as
well as teamgames won/lost, high series, and cumulativetotal
team pins. Also calculates team standings for each week in
order from 1st to last! All data stores to tape and outputs to
printer to provide professional, easy to read copy. After initial
input of league and player names all you have to do is input
each week's scores - the computer does the rest!!
16KEXT Cassette $24.95
32KEXT Disk $29.95
Astrology Chart Print
A Must for the Serious Astrologer
Bothered by not having a professional easy to read hard copy
of your chart? Want to see comparison charts around the Natal
Chart? Look no more 1 Input of planetary positions and house
cusps outputs a 6"x5" graphic printout of chart and will also
plot a comparison chart (transit, progressed or compatibility)
around perimeter of the natal chart. NOT A SCREEN DUMP
ROUTINE. The program uses dot addressable graphics to
draw chart with accurate planetary positioning. Top of form
lists Name, Birthdate, Birthtime. Birthplace from user input.
Accomodates Placidean. Equal House or Modified Equal
House. AVAILABLE NOW FOR EPSON MX80 with Graftrax.
32KEXT Cassette $21.95
Medical Terminology
If you've ever wondered what your doctor was talking about,
this program can help! Includes most common terminology as
well as abbreviations used in hospital charting. Menu Driven
-allows choice of study, definition readout or self test. Study
suffix, prefix or abbreviation in alphabetical groups. Input
prefix, suffix or abbreviation and computer readsout definition
(not meant to be an all inclusive dictionary). Provides multiple
choice self tests with immediate reinforcement and correct
answer displayed. Suffix/Prefix on one program. Abbreviations
on 2nd Program. Both included.
16KEXT Cassette $19.95
Software Review
New EPROM Programmer
Is Impressive And Affordable
How would you like to have your favorite monitor or
other machine language programs on instant recall, pro-
tected against resets and other inevitable bombouts? I guess
at one time or another any computer hobbyist has wished
for an EPROM progrmmer but the outlay of several
hundred dollars didn't seem worthwhile. A commercial
EPROM burnercancost from $500-$ 1000, with personality
modules and a Radio Shack 232 interface as extras. Intron-
ics has come to our rescue. Now for less than $90 you can
buy an EPROM Programmer that, in my opinion, is better
than the expensive models. How about you brave souls who
have been thinking about changing some of the routines in
the Extended BASIC ROMS?
Intronics EPROM Programmer is a TRS-80 compatible
board that plugs into the expansion port. The 4" x 4'/4 ,T
circuit is not in a housing since you need access to the
low-insertion force socket on the board. Also, the board
contains a power-on indicator and an off/ on switch along
with the necessary ICs. A 24 volt DC to DC converter is
self-contained as this voltage is necessary forprogramming.
I am very pleased with the appearance of the circuit board
and construction. By the way, the EPROM socket has 28
pins for future state of the art changes. Different EPROMs
are selected by means of a personality module. Five modules
come with the unit and cover the normal range of EPROMs
from 1 to 8K. Other personality modules are available for $5
each, such as a 68764, the EPROM replacement for the
BASIC ROM.
Software for the programmer is supplied on cassette tape
and uses addresses $2000-$3FFF for program memory.
Commands are as follows:
ERASED — Checks for $FF in all EPROM memory loca-
tions, the normal erased state.
PROGRAM — Memory from the buffer is programmed
into the EPROM.
VERIFY — Compare the data in the EPROM and in the
memory buffer.
SLIDE ROM — Moves the data from the EPROM to the
memory buffer.
SLIDE MEMORY — Moves memory from one location to
another.
EXAMINE/CHANGE MEMORY — Modify buffer, or
other memory.
RETURN TO BASIC — Return to BASIC.
The menu is well prompted and user friendly. All of the
functions worked flawlessly. The memory examine/ change
command could use a few bells and whistles, but works as
intended. The beauty of this system is in the fact that any
program that will load into the CoCo can be moved into the
buffer, modified if necessary, and burnt into an EPROM.
As you can tell 1 was impressed by the EPROM Pro-
grammer, especially after using units that cost ten times as
much and having to manipulate disk files, edit programs,
etc., just to enter data into the programmer. 1 tried assem-
bling a program in memory, moving it to the buffer, and
burning an EPROM. Each step worked without a hitch. The
documentation leaves a little bit to be desired but due to
prompts in the software it is adequate. 1 would suggest that
instructions be included for the uninitiated to explain how
to modify a ROM pack to accept different EPROMs, and
for that matter, a short explanation of the different types. 1
would recommend this unit for both hobby and commercial
use. You may be betteroff buying a CoCo and this unit than
a Pro-Log — it certainly would be cheaper.
(Intronics, P.O. Box 13723, Edwardsville, KS 66113, $85)
— Dan Downard
Submitting Material
To the Rainbow
Contributions to the RAINBOW are welcome from everyone.
We like to run a variety of programs which will be useful/ helpful-
fun for other CoCo owners.
Program submissions must be on tape or disk and it is best to
make several saves, at least one of them in ASCII format. We're
sorry, but we do not have time to key in programs. All programs
should be supported by some editorial commentary, explaining
how the program works. We're much more interested in how your
submission works and runs than how you developed it. Programs
should be learning experiences.
We do pay for submissions, based on a number of criteria. Those
wishing remuneration should so state when making submissions.
For the benefit of those who wish more detailed infor-mation on
making submissions, please send a S ASE to: Submissions Editor,
the RAINBOW, P.O. Box 209, Prospect, KY 40059. We will send
you some more comprehensive guidelines.
Please do not submit programs orarticles currently submitted to
another publication.
1 PRICKLY- PEAR SOFTWARE
QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR VOUR COCO & TDP-100
raOQOAM* RMUIM 16K IXYTHDIO IAHC FORTAPt. AHD33KDIIKUHU t*OT>IHWIH NOT1D
Due to the growth provided by our
many loyal customers, we at Prickly
Pear Software have moved to larger
quarters. Please make note of our
new address.
Thank You.
our new adress is:
PRICKLY PEAR SOFTWARE
9234 E. 30th Street
Tucson, Arizona 85710
70 the RAINBOW July 1983
DISK UTILITY
Disk Operator Reveals
Powerful New Routines
By Roger Schrag
Radio Shack thoughtfully included a technical infor-
mationsection in their Color Computerdisk system
manual. This section was designed for machine lan-
guage programmers who wanted to incorporate disk I/O
into their programs.
Unfortunately, the information provided is in most cases
perfectly useless. The one routine within the disk ROM that
they show you how to use will merely read or write an
individual sector on the diskette. The programmer must
write his own routines to locate a file on the diskette, allocate
disk space, create new files, delete old files, shut off the disk
drive motor when it is no tin use...andthe list of responsibili-
ties left for the poor programmer to take care of goes on and
on.
Code
Abbr
Description
19
AO
File already open
20
DN
Bad device or drive number
21
IO
Input/output error
22
FM
Bad file mode
23
NO
File not open
24
IE
Input past end of file
27
NE
File not found
29
DF
Disk space full
30
OB
Out of buffer space
31
WP
Diskette write protected
32
FN
Bad filename
33
FS
Bad file structure
37
VF
Verification error
Table 1:
Error Codes
What I would like to present here is a program that will
perform a potpourri of disk-oriented operations. 1 have
carefully scrutinized the disk ROM, and come up with some
powerful routines that Radio Shack never told you about.
The program contains seven routines that are analogous to
the BASIC statements Files, Open, Close, Print#, lnput#,
Kill and Verify. Each routine does a complete job. Your
program will need to do a minimal amount of work, such as
supplying a filename or device number.
Please have a thorough understanding of the BASIC
statements mentioned above before proceeding onward.
Also please note that only the sequential input and output
modes are supported; the direct access mode is not sup-
ported. Neither is cassette 1/ O. I hope to cover both of these
topics in a future article.
$000
$OFF
$IOO
$IFF
$200
$300
$3FF
Basic program
Basic program in ASCII format
Data stored in binary
Data stored in ASCII
Machine language program
Text stored in binary
Text stored in ASCII
Table 2: File Types
from
CoCoHuf
THE ULTIMATE STRATEGY GAME
1 or 2
players
16K Ext
Basic
required
Cassette $19.95 Disk $24.95
Send check or money order to:
COCOHUT i
P. O. Box 24451
Houston, TX 77015
RMNBOW
July 1983 the RAINBOW 71
The source code shown in Listing I may be appended onto
your program to give it disk I/O capabilities. Now let's look
at each of the seven routines and see how they are used.
The Files routine organizes the disk system's area of
memory by dividing it into smaller segments called buffers.
Each buffer is 281 bytes, and is used by the disk system to
work with a file while it is open.
For this many Don't use any
buffers
memory
0
$OBA2
1
$OCBB
2
$ODD4
3
$OEED
4
$1006
5
IMF
6
$1238
7
1351
8
146A
9
1583
10
$I69C
11
I7B5
12
$I8CE
Table 3: Reserved Memory
You should use the Files routine at the beginning of your
program in order to initialize and organize the disk system's
memory. Decide on the maximum number of files you will
want to have open at any given time; this is the number of
buffers you will need. Put this figure into the B register and
call the Files routine. Be sure that the buffer area won't
overlap your program. Table 3 lists the boundary lines. This
example would allocate space for six files, thus allowing
your program to use device numbers of 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6:
LDB #$6 WE WANT SIX BUFFERS
JSR FILES GO SET UP MEMORY
The Open routine works in much the same way that the
BASIC statement works. You will need to prepare the X,Y,
A, and B registers with certain data before calling the rou-
tine. The X register must be loaded with the starting address
of where in memory the filename is stored. Any filename
that is valid in BASIC is valid here. Don't put quotes around
the name, and if you don't specify an extension, then none
will be used. Place a zero or SOD (ASCII code for a carriage
return) after the last character in the filename, so that the
routine will be able to tell how many characters long the
name is.
Next, the Y register must be loaded with the file type. A
list of file types is shown in Table 2. A file's type will appear
in a directory generated by the DIR statementfrom BASIC.
The A register must be loaded with the modeyou would
like to use. Use $49 (ASCII code for I) for the input mode,
and $4F (ASCII code for O) for the output mode. Finally,
you will need to load the B register with the device number
you wish to assign to thisfile. Be sure that you havesetaside
enough buffer space with the Files routine.
When you have all four registers set up properly, you are
™TRS80 color
From the January 1 981 issue of the CSRA Computer
Club newsletter:
There was some amusement at the Novem-
ber meeting when the Radio Shack repre-
sentatives stated that the software in the
ROM cartridges could not be copied. This
month's 68 Micro Journal reported they had
disassembled the programs on ROM by
covering some of the connector pins with
tape. They promise details next month. Never
tell a hobbyist something can't be done! This
magazine seems to be the only source so far
of technical informations on the TRS-80 color
computer* 5 . Devoted to SS-50 6800 and
6809 machines up to now. 68 Micro Journal
plans to include the TRS-80 6809 unit in
future issues.
NOTE: This and other interesting and needed articles
for the Radio Shack TRS-80 color computer y - are being
included monthly in 68 Micro Journal— The Largest
specialty computer magazine in the world!
68 MICRO JOURNAL
5900 Cassandra Smith Road
Hixson, Tennessee 37343
615 842-4600
Subscription Rates
USA: 1-year $24.50; 2-year $42.50; 3-year $64.50
CANADA and MEXICO: Add $5.50 per year to USA Price
Foreign Surface: Add $12.00 per year to USA* Price
Foreign AIRMAIL: Add $36.00 per year to USA Price
** Sample Issue - $3.50
68 Micro Journal 11 was established with one objective in
mind; to provide a Magazine FOR 68xx Users BY 68xx
Users. Because of a strict advertiser policy, 68 Micro
Journal" has gained a strong following WORLDWIDE
because the reader KNOWS what he is getting when
purchasing from a 68 Micro Journal" 1 Advertiser. It has
gained a strong User following because most of the
material published is contributed BY USERS, and,
therefore, Is relevant to the Users needs.
Currently, and even before the Color Computer" hit the
stores, 68 Micro Journal" was devoting more space to
the TRS-80C Color Computer" and information concerning
the Motorola 6809 (which is the CPU in the Color
Computer") than ANY OTHER Computer Magazine , Examples
i nclude:
REVIEWS of the three major Disk Control Systems for
the Color Computer", most "of the Monitors,
Assemblers, and Disassemblers, Word Processors and
Editors, "Terminal" Programs (for use with Modems,
Communications with other Computers, etc.), and of
course, Games.
HINTS for Expanding Memory, Power Supply Cooling, re-r
pairing sticky keyboards, disabling the ROM PAK "Take
Over", hooking up to Printers, etc.
DISCUSSIONS of the 6883 Synchronous Address
Multiplexer, using the Color Computer" with 64K and
9 6K memory (which it is ALREADY capable of handling),
thoughts on Programming, etc.
I suggest that you subscribe to 68 Micro Journal", SOON,
as many back issues are sold-out.
We still, and will continue to, lead in the type
information you need to FULLY UTILIZE the POWER of the
6809 In the Rajdto Shack TRS-80 Color Computer".
Bob Nay
Color Computer Editor
3
72 the RAINBOW July 1983
****************************-H:-tt***#*
ready to call the Open routine to open the file. This example
will open an ASCII data fileforoutput. The filename will be
CHECKS/ DAT:I, and device number two will be used.
Note that the quote marks are used here as delimiters for the
FCC instruction:
NAME
LDX
LDY
LDA
LDB
JSR
JMP
FCC
FCB
#NAME
#$IFF
#$4F
#$2
ADDRESS OF FILENAME
FILE TYPE: ASCII DATA
OUTPUT MODE
USE DEVICE NUMBER
TWO
OPEN GO OPEN THE FILE
MORE PROGRAM CONTINUES...
"CHECKS/DAT:I"
$0 TERMINATOR
The Close routine will close a particular file and update
the diskette T necessary. To close a file, load the device
number into the B register and call the Close routine. Note
that no error will occur if you try to close an already closed
file. This example will close device number three:
LDB #$3 DEVICE NUMBER THREE
JSR CLOSE GO CLOSE THE FILE
The Print routine will write a byte of data to a file which is
open in the output mode. To use the routine, put the device
number of the file you wish to write to in the B register, and
the ASCII code of the character you wish to write in the A
register. Then call the Print routine. Note that this routine
will only write to one character at a time; you will need a
simple loop to write groups of characters, or entire mes-
sages. This example will write the message "Accounts paya-
ble" to device number one:
LOOP
MESAGE
LDX
//MESAGE
START OF MESSAGE
LDA
,x+
GET CHARACTER
TSTA
CHECK FOR END
BEQ
MORE
GO ON IF ALL DONE
LDB
#$I
TO DEVICE NUMBER
ONE
JSR
PRINT
GO WRITE CHARACTER
BRA
LOOP
LOOP BACK FOR AN-
OTHER
FCC
"ACCOUNTS PAYABLE"
FCB
$0
TERMINATOR
The Input routine will read a byte of data from a file open
in the input mode. To use the routine, place the device
number of the file you wish to read from into the B register
and call the Input routine. The A register will now contain
the ASCII code of the character read from the file. Note
that, once again, you will need a simple loop to deal with
entire groups of characters. This example will read a charac-
ter from device number four and display it in the upper left
corner of the screen:
LDB #$4
JSR INPUT
ST A $400
FROM DEVICE NUMBER
FOUR
READ A CHARACTER
DISPLAY ON SCREEN
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-K-
LETTER
SETTER
TYPESET
THIS AD
With LETTER-SETTER'S big bold
headlines and your own unique
text, you can print a message
that no one will ignore!
UAL
SIZE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Qual ities:
- LARGE, CLEAR LETTERS
- EASY TO USE
- THREE PRINT SIZES
Re qui rements:
- 16K EXTENDED COLOR BASIC
- DOT ADDRESSABLE PRINTER
- YOUR IMAGINATION
U
- REPORT HEADINGS
- FLYERS
- CHURCH BULLETINS
***********************************
*
*
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*
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*
*
*
*
*
PLEASE SEND ME
LETTER-SETTER !
*
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*
Name:
*
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Address:
*
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City-state:
*
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PRINTER TYPE:
*
The Kill routine will delete a file from the directory and
* *
* * @ *39.95/ea ROM PACK *
*
*24_ 95/ea on TAPE *
*
I I TTON *
* CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60690 *
* (312) 944-2444 *
***********************************
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P.O. BOX TWO
July 1983 the RAINBOW 73
free up any diskette space that was allocated to it. To kill a
file, load the X register with the address of the filename and
call the Kill routine. This example will delete a file named
STOCKS/ FEB:
LDX #NAME ADDRESS OF FILENAME
JSR KILL DELETE THE FILE
JMP MORE PROGRAM CONTINUES
NAME FCC "STOCKS/ FEB"
FCB $0 TERMINATOR
The Verify routine will either activate or deactivate the
verification system. With this system turned on, the disk
system will automatically verify all write
operations. To use the routine, load the status code into the
B register and call the Verify routine. One means on, zero
means off. This example will turn the verification system on:
LDB #$I ONE MEANS TURN IT ON
JSR VERIFY ACTIVATE VERIFY SYS-
TEM
Each of the seven routines will handle reasonable error
conditions — such as a write protected diskette, an improp-
erly mounted diskette, or a file not found in the directory.
However, the routines are not thoroughly bomb-proof. If,
for example, you try to write data to device number 47,
strange things will surely happen.
After calling a routine, the B register will contain zero and
the Z flag in the condition code register will be set if the
operation was performed successfully. If an error has
occurred, then the Z flag will be reset, and the value in the B
register will be the error code. Table 1 contains a listing of
various error codes. This program uses the error vector at
$I8E to handle error conditions. However, no problems
should arise if your program also uses this vector, unless you
are working with interrupt driven software.
The routines will preserve all registers except for B and
CC. The one exception to this rule is the Input routine which
will replace the previous contents of the A register with the
ASCII code of the character read in from the file. Note that
your program may redefine the Direct Page register. The
register will be temporarily reset to zero so that the ROM
routines will function properly, and then it will be reset to its
previous value.
If you don't specify a drive number in the filename, drive
zero will be used as the default. To change the default, store
the desired drive number at memory location $95A. This
example will make drive one the default drive:
LDB #$I SELECT DRIVE ONE
STB $95A AS THE DEFAULT DRIVE
Also remember that interrupts must beenabled whenever
the disk system is being used. Otherwise, the disk drive
motor will not shut off after two seconds
of non-use. Most of the routines will automatically enable
interrupts.
Listing 2 is a demonstration program, showing how the
seven routines may be used. The program will allow you to
type words on the screen. Press the Break key when you are
done. The computer will now save the contents of the screen
to disk under the name of DEMO/ DAT. When you press
Break again, the image will be loaded back in and put on the
screen backwards. Press Break again, and the file DEMO/-
DAT will be killed and you will be returned to BASIC. Of
course, this program has no real applications, but it does
show the essential techniques for using the seven routines. I
have included lots of comments to make it easier to
understand.
If you have any questions, comments, or requests for
future article topics, feel free to drop me a line at 2054
Manning Avenue, Los Angeles, Calif., 90025. Please include
a self-addressed, stamped
envelope. The source code for both listings is available from
theauthorforfivedollars at the above address. I'll supply it
on tape to ease mailing, but it is readily transferable to disk.
Good luck, and may you input a character for each that
you output.
(Roger Schrag, a highschool senior, enjoys working
with the CoCo and writing for the Rainbow. He also
designs and translates programs for Adventure
International.)
Listing 1
62000
62010
62020
62030
62040
62050
62060
62070
62000
62090
62.100
6 211 0
62120
62130
62140
62150
* MACHINE LANGUAGE DISK I/O *
* VERSION 1.0 - MARCH 1, 1983
*
*
*
*
*THIS CODE IS INTENDED TO BE
* APPENDED ON TO YOUR OWN
♦PROGRAM, SO YOU MUST SUPPLY
*THE ORG STATEMENT . IT MAY
*RESID£ ANYWHERE IN RAM
ROGER SCHRAG
2054 MANNING AVENUE
LOS ANGELES, CA 9002:
SB
Is
16K EXT. COLOR BASIC 8c
PRINTER REQUIRED
WORD SEARCH PUZZLE MAKER
STANDARD
DEFINITIONS
WIDE
BIG LETTERS
Software SEQUENCE DRILL
ttffl NORTON ROAD
RADNOR OHIO 43066 OHIO RES. ADD S.5X SALES TAX
6W-494-2277
ANY 3 10* OFF ANY S IK OFF
*6. 93
•6.93
•6.93
•6.93
*6.93
MATH WORKSHEET-QUIZ MAKER
WHOLE NUMBERS
♦6. 93
FRACTIONS
♦6.93
DECIMALS
•6.93
PERCENTS
♦6.93
LENGTH
•6.93
AREA
•6.93
VOLUME
♦6.93
CAPACITY
♦6.93
WEIGHT
•6.93
TIME
•6.93
SPEED
*6.93
ANY 8 201 OFF ANY 10 25X OFF
74 the RAINBOW July 1983
AUTO RUN
Auto Run is a utility program for the TRS-80*
Extended Basic Color Computer. It is used to add
convenience and professionalism to your software.
Auto Run will help you create your title screen
with the graphics editor. The graphics editor allows
you to choose a background color and border style.
Using the arrow keys and several other commands
you can draw pictures, block letters and also include
text.
Auto Run will generate a machine language load-
er program to preceed your program on the tape.
Then, to start up your program, simply type
CLOADM to load in the Auto Run loader program,
which will then automatically start itself up, display
your title screen, load your program and then RUN
or EXEC it.
Also you may record a vocal or musical introduc-
tion preceding your program. The Auto Run loader
will control the audio on/off.
Basic programs can be set to load anywhere in
memory above $600 (the PCLEAR 0 page).
Software authors: The Auto Run prefix may be
appended to your software products.
Auto Run is $14.95 and includes complete docu-
mentation and an assembly source listing.
Requires 16K Extended Basic.
Galactic Hangm an
^ .mill!
X
H
J* I L
nn_nn
cm
F R E E
F IPE
3
4 »
p
A great new twist to the popular, educational word
guessing game for the Color Computer. Large (700
words) and sophisticated vocabulary. Or enter your
own words, your child's spelling list, foreign
language vocabulary, etc.
Outstanding high resolution graphics, animation
and sound effects.
For $14.95 you get both the 16K and 32K versions
of Galactic Hangman.
Tape Information
Management System
A user-oriented, easy to use personal database
management system for the TRS-80* Color Com-
puter with these outstanding features:
* keeps files of programs, names, addresses, birth-
days, recipes, class or club rosters, anything
'variable record and field lengths
* phrase substitution editor
* up to 8 user-definable fields
* ML sort (up to 3 fields), search and delete functions
*2 search modes — range and item
* user-definable printer format, for any printer
*up to 230 characters per record
For $24.95 you get the database management
system, our full documentation which includes a
reference guide and a programmer's guide, and our
1981 Bibliography of articles relating to the Color
Computer. Requires 16K Extended Basic. 32K
recommended.
1982 TIMS Bibliography — $9.95
Dado not;^
A sensational and educational version of a popular
party game for the TRS-80* Color Computer . .
For 1 to 10 players. Load a story into the com-
puter. The players are asked to supply a noun, verb,
part of body, celebrity, etc. which the program uses
to complete the story. The story, which is displayed
when all words are entered, will be hilarious. Silly
Syntax requires 16K Extended Basic (32K for disk
version). For $19.95, you get a user guide and a
tape containing the Silly Syntax game and 2 stories.
You can create your own stories or order story tapes
from the selection below.
Silly Syntax stories — Ten stories per tape.
SS-001 - Fairy Tales SS-004 - Current Events
SS-002 - Sing Along SS-006 - Adventure/Sci-Fi
SS-003 - X-Rated SS-007 - Potpourri
Each story tape is $9.95. 10% off for3 or more story
tapes. Disk is $24.95 for Silly Syntax and 2 stories or
$49.95 for Silly Syntax and all 62 stories.
RAINBOW
MM*
"TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp.
SUGAR SOFTWARE
2153 Leah Lane
Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068
(614) 861-0565
CIS orders EMAIL to 70405, 1374
Add $1 .00 per tape or disk for
postage and handling, Ohio-
ans add 5.5% sales tax. COD
orders are welcome. Dealer
inquiries invited.
621 6U
tit
62580
*
621 70
62590
♦ROUTINE TO CLOSE A FILE
62180
SAVE
FCB
$0
0 BYTE STORAGE
62600
* B*
DEVICE NUMBER
62190
FCB
$0
AREA FOR THE
62610
*
62200
FCB
$0
ERROR VECTOR
62620
CLOSE
LBSR BEGIN
PREPARE
622 10
STACK
FCB
$0
2 BYTE. STORAGE
62630
STB *6F
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
62220
FCB
$0
AREA FOR STACK F'O INTER
62640
JSR *CA53
GO CLOSE FILE
62230
*
62650
LBRA DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
62240
*
62660
62250
♦ROUTINE TO
INITIALIZE
DISK
62670
*
62260
# SYSTEM 7 S MEMORY
62680
♦ROUTINE TO WRITE TO A
FILE
62270
NUMBER
ni —
□F
BUFFERS
62690
* A*=
CHARACTER TO WRITE
622Q0
*
62700
% B=
DEVICE NUMBER
62290
r 1 L b. a
nr-n T Kl
PREPARE
62710
*
62300
PSHS
rj
SAVE # OF BUFFERS
62720
PRINT
LBSR BEGIN
PREPARE
6 231 0
JSR
$CA3B
LLEDSE AL_L. FILEb
62730
STB $6F
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
PULS
B
REbTORE OF- BUFhEFVb
62740
JSR $A2B2
WRITE CHARACTER
62. /> 30
STB
$95B
STORE # OF FILEb
62750
LBRA DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
6 2 vi- 4 O
LDIJ
#*92i:-l
START OF BUFFER TABLE
62760
*
62o5u
LDX
tt*9S9
STAKT OF BUFFER AREA
6277U
*
62.j60
DGBUF
CL.R
* *
clear status f-lag
62780
♦ROUTINE TO READ A CHARACTER
62>7o
STX
PUT EN1 RY IN 1 ABLE
62790
♦ FROM
A FILE
62:<S<J
LEAX
$1 19, X
bO TO NEXT BUFFER
62800
♦ B~
DEVICE NUMBER
E>ECB
DECREMENT COUNT
628 IO
♦ A
RETURNS WITH INPUT CHARACTER
BH I
DOBUF
LIJL)F BACH, UNTIL DONE
62820
♦
0 6 2 4 1 u
LBRA
DONE
FUNLTION COMPLETE
62830
INPUT
LBSR BEGIN
PREPARE
6 242 O
*
62840
STB $6F
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
624oU
*
62850
JSR $A176
GO INPUT CHARACTER
ca 4 4 0
* ROUTINE TO OPEN
1 A FILE
62860
STA , S
PUT IT ON STACK
O .i. *♦ ..i L>
* X =
ADDR OP FILENAME
62870
LBRA DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
6 ^4 6U
* Y =
FILE TYPE
62880
*
6 ^1 4 / O
* A=
FILE MODE
62890
♦
62480
* B=
DEVICE
NUMBER
62900
♦ROUTINE TO KILL A FILE
6249U
*
62910
♦ X =
ADDR OF FILENAME
62DOO
OPEN
LBSR
BEGIN
rRErARE
62920
*
625 1 0
STY
$957
STORE TYPE
62930
KILL
LBSR BEGIN
PREPARE
62520
PSHS
D
SAVE MODE S< DEVICE
62940
LBSR FNAME
PROCESS FILENAME
LBSR
FNAME
PROCESS FILENAME
62950
JSR $C6C5
GO KILL FILE
62540
PULS
D
RESTORE MODE & DEVICE
62960
LBRA DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
62550
JSR
$C46B
GO OPEN FILE
62970
♦
62560
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
629B0
♦
62570
*
62990
♦ROUTINE TO ACTI VATE/DEACT I VE
ENTER THE FASCINATING WORLD OF
GAME WRITER™
A SIMPLE TO USE PROGRAM FOR YOUR COLOR COMPUTER
For writing super-action video games with
motion and sound
For creating high resolution animated
graphics scenes
For experimenting with color, shapes,
motion and sound
For amateur or professional cartooning or
commercial game authoring
For the absolute beginner and for the
expert programmer
GAME WRITER is a programming language with all the
features you need to write great VIDEO GAMES. It includes a
built-in screen oriented text editor, high resolution color
graphics support, any number of player-shapes (SPRITES), a
shape pattern editor, full TURTLE GRAPHICS, sound effects,
support for joy sticks and much, much more. Each player-
shape can be given a program to run which tells it what to do.
All the player programs run simultaneously to create fan-
tastic game effects. GAME WRITER IS GUARANTEED EASY
TO USE. Even if you have never written a program of any kind
you will amaze your family, your friends and yourself with the
fantastic things you can do with it. The package includes a
GAME WRITER rom pak, a complete easy to read manual and
a set of sample programs ready to run. GAME WRITER is a
great programming language for a child or an adult. GAME
WRITER requires a minimum of 16K. Extended BASIC is not
required.
^3
PRICE $89
Orders must be prepaid via check,
money order or major bank card. Phone
orders accepted for bank cards only—
COD orders not accepted. Quantity dis-
counts available. Orders outside U.S.
add $5 shipping. WA state residents
add 6.3% sales tax. Add 2 weeks for
delivery if paid by personal check.
WASHINGTON
COMPUTER SERVICES
3028 SILVERN LANE
BELLI NGHAM, WA 98226
1 (206) 734-8248
RAINBOW
76 the RAINBOW July 1983
63000 *THE VERIFICATION SYSTEM
63010 * B=l (ACTIVATE)
63020 * B=* (DEACTIVATE)
63030 *
63040 VERIFY LBSR BEGIN PREPARE
63050 STB *9B7 STORE STATUS
63060 LBRA DONE FUNCTION COMPLETE
63070 *
630B0 *
63090 *THE ROUTINES BELOW ARE FOR
63100 * INTERNAL USE ONLY, AND ARE NOT
63110 *TQ BE CALLED BY YOUR PROGRAM
63120 * D I RECTLY !
63130 *
63140 *
63150 * ROUTINE TQ PROCESS FILENAME
63160
*
63170
FNAME
LDB
#»FF
CLEAR COUNTER
63180
GETLEN
INCB
CALCULATE HOW
63190
LDA
B, X
MANY LETTERS
63200
CMPA
#420
ARE IN THE
63210
BCC
GETLEN
FILENAME
63220
CLR
MAKE SPACE ON STACK
63230
LDA
*95A
GET DEFAULT DRIVE * IN
63240
STA
*EB
CASE NONE IS SPECIFIED
63250
LDU
#*94C
NAME STORAGE AREA
63260
LDA
#*20
ASCII CODE FOR BLANK
63270
CLEAR
STA
, U+
CLEAR OUT
632B0
CMPU
#*957
FILENAME
63290
BNE
CLEAR
STORAGE AREA
63300
JMP
*CBA4
GO PROCESS FILENAME
63310 *
63320 *
63330 * ROUTINE TO PREPARE EVERYTHING
63340 * PRESERVE REGISTERS, SET UP
63350 *ERROR TRAP, ETC
63360 *
63370 BEGIN PSHS X y Y ,U,DP ,A SAVE REGISTERS
633B0 CLRA TEMPORARILY SET
63390 TFR A, DP DP TO ZERO
63400 LDA *1BE GET CONTENTS OF
63410
LDU
*1BF ERROR VECTOR
63420
STA
SAVE,PCR AND SAVE IT
63430
STU
SAVE+1,PCR FOR NOW
63440
LDA
#$7E NOW SET UP
63450
LEAU
ERROR, PCR ERROR VECTOR
63460
STA
*1BE WITH OUR OWN
63470
STU
*1BF HANDLING ROUTINE
634B0
LDA
,S RESTORE ft REGISTER
63490
STS
STACK, PCR SAVE STACK POINTER
63500
JMP
:b,s: return
63510
*
63520
*
63530
*IF AN
ERROR OCCURS, CONTROL
63540
*WILL
PASS TO
ERROR ROUTINE
63550
63560
ERROR
LSRB
B=ERROR CODE
63570
INCB
DIVIDE BY 2, ADD 1
635B0
BRA
EXIT GO TO EXIT ROUTINE
63590
*
63600
*
63610
*IF ROUTINE FINISHES PROPERLY,
63620
♦CONTROL WILL
PASS TO DONE
63630
*
63640
DONE
CLRB
0=N0 ERROR
63650
BRA
EXIT GO TO EXIT ROUTINE
63660
*
63670
*
•
636B0
♦ROUTINE TO RESTORE REGISTERS AND
63690
♦ERROR
VECTOR,
AND RETURN TO
63700
♦CALLING PROGRAM
63710
♦
63720
EXIT
LDA
SAVE, PCR RESTORE THE
63730
LDU
SAVE+1,PCR ERROR VECTOR
6374p
STA
*1BE TO ITS ORIGINAL
63750
STU
*1BF VALUE
63760
LDS
STACK, PCR RESTORE STACK POINTER
63770
PULS
A,DP,U,Y,X RESTORE REGISTERS
637B0
LEAS
2,S CLEAN UP STACK
63790
TSTB
SET Z FLAG IF NO ERROR
63B00
RTS
RETURN TO CALLER
63B10
END
START
P. O. Box 14806
Jacksonville, FL 32238
904 777-1543
Prices on All games
include shipping. Florida
Resident add 5% tax.
All Programs require Color
ComPuter™ (Tandy Corp) or
TDP System 100 ComPuter™
(RCA)
ACROSS THE RUBICON 16K EXT or NON EXT — The popular
WWII wargame. Break thru the Huertgen Forrest using infantry,
heavy and light tanks, air & artillery strikes, Paratroops. Graphics,
terrain modifiers, unit designators and 5 minute conversion instruc-
tions for 16K NON EXT. State system when ordering.
These games do not require EXTENDED BASIC.
RUBICON II 32K EXT Everything ATR has and more! Mortar units,
Patrols, German Artillery, Platoon movement, realistic supply and in-
telligence, spotting rounds, unit merge, GAME SAVE $24.95
MISSION EMPIRE! A strategic wargame/strategy game. Starting
with one planet, incomplete intelligence and limited resources, you
must conquer the rest of your galaxy. Play takes 2-5 hours and is
DIFFERENT EVERY TIME! All versions offer GAME SAVE option.
Specify 32K disc or 16K-The 32K versions require Extended Basic,
the 16K does not.
GALACTIC TAIPAN 16K EXT — The merchant's of space, battle
storms, pirates and high taxes in their search for trade and profit.
These games do not require EXTENDED BASIC.
ROMPAC BACKUP — Can't run your ROMPACS with your disk in or
just want backup? This program makes it easy. Requires S4K.
Shipped on tape.
$19.95
All games available on Disk Add $3.00
July 1983 the RAINBOW 77
Listing 2:
00100 * DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM
00110 tMACHINE LANGUAGE DISK I/O
00120 *BY ROGER SCHRAG
00130
*
00140
*
00150
ORG
♦ 1000
START ABOVE BUFFER AREA
00160
START
LDB
#•1
WE WANT 1 BUFFER
00170
JSR
FILES
SET UP MEMORY
001 BO
LDB
#*1
ACTIVATE THE
00190
JSR
VERIFY
VERIFICATION SYSTEM
00200
JSR
♦A92B
CLEAR SCREEN
00210
WAIT
LDA
#*FF
RED GRAPHIC BLOCK
00220
STA
l$bb:
SHOW CURSOR
00230
JSR
C*A000D
SCAN KEYBOARD
00240
BEQ
WAIT
WAIT UNTIL KEY PRESSED
00250
CMPA
**3
BREAK PRESSED?
00260
BEQ
SAVEIT
GO SAVE SCREEN IF SO
00270
LDB
#$60
ERASE THE
002B0
STB
c*bb:
CURSOR
00290
JSR
*A30A
PRINT CHARACTER
00300
BRA
WAIT
LOOP BACK
00310
SAVE IT
LDA
#$60
ERASE THE
00320
STA
l*BB1
CURSOR
00330
LDX
ttNAME
ADDR OF NAME
00340
LDY
#* IFF
FILE TYPE: ASCII DATA
00350
LDA
**4F
OUTPUT MODE
00360
LDB
#$1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00370
JSR
□PEN
GO OPEN FILE
003B0
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00390
LDX
#*400
TOP OF SCREEN
00400
WRITE
LDA
,x +
GET CHARACTER
00410
LDB
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00420
JSR
PRINT
WRITE CHARACTER
00430
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
PAY WHAT YOU WANT
for home and business software
P5 CoCo and TDP-100
I 16/32K Disk or Cassette
I Extended Color Basic Required
00440
CMPX
**600
END OF SCREEN?
00450
BNE
WRITE
LOOP BACK IF NOT
00460
LDB
#$1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00470
JSR
CLOSE
CLOSE FILE
004B0
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00490
JSR
*A92B
CLEAR SCREEN
00500
JSR
BREAK
WAIT FOR BREAK PRESSED
00510
LDX
#NAME
ADDR OF FILENAME
00520
LDY
**1FF
FILE TYPE: ASCII DATA
00530
LDA
#*49
INPUT MODE
00540
LDB
**1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00550
JSR
OPEN
GO OPEN FILE
00560
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00570
LDX
**600
END OF SCREEN
005B0
READ
LDB
*$1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00590
JSR
INPUT
READ CHARACTER
00600
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00610
STA
si -X
PUT ON SCREEN
00620
CMPX
#*400
TOP OF SCREEN?
00630
BNE
READ
LOOP BACK IF NOT
00640
LDB
#$1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00650
JSR
CLOSE
GO CLOSE FILE
00660
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00670
JSR
BREAK
WAIT FOR BREAK PRESSED
0O680
JSR
4A728
CLEAR SCREEN
00690
LDX
#NAME
ADDR OF FILENAME
00700
JBR
KILL
DELETE FILE
00710
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00720
JSR
♦A92B
CLEAR SCREEN
00730
JMP
♦A0F3
RETURN TO BASIC
00740
BREAK
JSR
C*AOOO]
SCAN KEYBOARD
00750
CMPA
#*3
BREAK KEY PRESSED?
00760
BNE
BREAK
WAIT MORE IF NOT
00770
RTS
RETURN TO PROGRAM
007B0
GOOFED LDX
♦♦ERRMSG
MESSAGE "ERROR #"
00790
ERR 1
LDA
,X +
GET CHARACTER
OOBOO
BEQ
ERR2
GO IF DONE
00B10
JSR
*A30A
PRINT CHARACTER
00B20
BRA
ERR1
LOOP BACK
00B30
ERR2
LDA
**2F
PRINT ERROR CODE
00B40
ERR3
INCA
NUMBER ON SCREEN
00B50
SUBB
**0A
IN TWO DIGIT
00B60
BCC
ERR3
DECIMAL FORMAT
00B70
ADDB
#*3A
A=TENS B=*ONES
OOBBO
JSR
*A30A
PRINT TENS
00B90
TFR
B , A
GET ONES
00900
JSR
*A30A
PRINT ONES
00910
JMP
*A0F3
RETURN TO BASIC
00920
NAME
FCC
"DEMO/DAT"
00930
FCB
*0
TERMINATOR
00940
ERRMSG FCC
"ERROR
♦♦"
00950
FCB
*0
TERMINATOR
00960
*
00970
*
009B0
*THE DISK I/O PROGRAM HAS
00990
* BEEN
APPENDED BELOW
01000
*
01010
01020
SAVE
FCB
*0
3 BYTE STORAGE
01030
FCB
*0
AREA FOR THE
01040
FCB
*0
ERROR VECTOR
01050
STACK
FCB
*0
2 BYTE STORAGE
01060
FCB
*0
AREA FOR STACK POINTER
01070
*
01080
*
01090
♦ROUTINE TO INITIALIZE
DISK
01 100
♦SYSTEM'S MEMORY
01 1 10
* B=
^NUMBER OF
BUFFERS
01 120
*
01 130
FILES
LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
01140
PSHS
B
SAVE # OF BUFFERS
01 150
JSR
*CA3B
CLOSE ALL FILES
01 160
PULS
B
RESTORE * OF BUFFERS
01 170
STB
*95B
STORE # OF FILES
01 1B0
LDU
♦♦$928
START OF BUFFER TABLE
01 190
LDX
♦♦$989
START OF BUFFER AREA
01200
DOBUF
CLR
, x
CLEAR STATUS FLAG
01210
STX
, U++
PUT ENTRY IN TABLE
01220
LEAX
*119, X
GO TO NEXT BUFFER
01230
DECB
DECREMENT COUNT
01240
BHI
DOBUF
LOOP BACK UNTIL DONE
01250
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
01260
*
01270
*
012B0
♦ROUTINE TO OPEN
A FILE
01290
* X =
ADDR OF FILENAME
01300
* Y=
FILE TYPE
01310
* A=
FILE MODE
BUDGET RECORD
Income 6 outlay ay 99 categories. Great for raxes, 32k.
MAILING LIST
Mahes labels, printouts and alphabetized lists. M/L $oa,
APPOINTMENT BOOK
Pnnt a calendar with any number of memos/day. (32h. Requires
printer with compressed characters)
GRADE BOOK
Moke rolls 6 grade sheets, complete with stats and totals
ALSO AVAILABLE
Phone Book, Soles Recofd, Cor Repairs, Diet Delight, Grocery List
The Fine Print i
Order two programs maximum. 5end shipping /handling in aaVance
ti— $4.00: 2—16,00), After using the piogram, pay only what the program
fs worth to you. Let'* try applying right livelihood to the software industfy!
Specify 16/32K and type of printer,
Druck Associates
6609 Westmoreland Ave.
Tokoma Park, MD 20912
(301)270-5622
Free catalogue on request
78 the RAINBOW July 1983
NEW
for your
COLOR
COMPUTER
Switchable Expansion Is Here
CoCo HAS A COMPANION!!
GOOD NEWS Switch over to more versatility with the new
BT-2000 COMPANION. Save CoCo's connector with the best
COMPANION it will ever have.
• Load 5 cartridges into the COMPANION and avoid the hassles
while enjoying the benefits of push-button selection.
• Push a Button or select from your keyboard to turn on one of your
5 selections. Handy indicator lights let you know at a glance which
cartridge is connected.
• No More Turn-Offs. Just switch to the next cartridge in your
COMPANION. Push a button to Restart without turning off the
power.
• Plug-in. Fill one to five slots for flexible programming, game
playing or both. Choose ROM Packs, serial ports, parallel ports, or
disk drives. Then do what you like to do best. The most powerful
and cost effective expansion you will find for just $249.95-
FOR THE ADVANCED USER OR
EXPERIMENTER
• The utmost in expansion power and versatility is the BT-1000
Expansion Interface Unit. $270.00.
• Large Built-in power supply
to power your peripherals rainbow
, CERTinCATWM
and experimenter circuits. MAL
• Space for your ML utilities with optional 8K of RAM. $300.00
DdSiC De P l - Q P 0 - Box 511 Ortonville, Ml 48462
Technology ^t^t^
ALSO NEW FROM BASIC TECHNOLOGY!!
• BT-1010 PPI Parallel Printer Interface. Free-up CoCo's serial
port. Run your printer at top speed. Five foot cable with Centronics
compatible connector and machine language printer driver are
included. $79-95-
• BT-1020 Real Time Clock/Calendar. LetCoCo keep the time and
date for your programs and files. Day-light savings time and leap
year keep you on time. Save data or program memory even when
power is off with 50 bytes of battery backed memory! Alarm
capability to turn on the coffee pot. All for only $109. 00. rf^h
RAINBOW
• BT-1030 VIP Versatile Interface Port. Connect CoCo to the
outside world with two 8-bit parallel ports, two 16-bit
timer/counters and a serial shift register. All user programmable.
$69.95.
• WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE.
For years o f trouble-free enjoyment all Basic Technology products use
top quality components and are backed by a full 180 day parts and
labor warranty. We service what we sell!.'.'
Add $5 shipping & handling for BT-1000, 12.50 for BT-1020.
Michigan residents add 4% sales tax. Shipping & handling for
residents of Canada, Hawaii, Alaska is $10. Overseas orders add 15 %.
Check, money order, VISA, MC (give account no., expiration date,
phone no.). Personal checks allow 2-3 weeks to clear. COD charge$2
(requires certified check or money order).
Watch for more peripherals from
Basic Technology, "
01320
01330
01340
01350
01360
01370
01 3B0
01390
01400
01410
01420
01430
01440
01450
01460
01470
014B0
01490
01500
01510
01520
0 1 530
01540
01550
01560
01570
01590
0 1 590
01600
0 1 6 1 0
01620
01630
01640
01650
01660
01670
016B0
01690
01700
01710
01720
0 1 730
01740
01750
01760
01770
017B0
01790
*
□PEN
'DEVICE NUMBER
LB9R
STY
PSHS
LBSR
PULS
JSR
LBRA
BEGIN
*957
D
FNAME
D
*C46B
DONE
PREPARE
STORE TYPE
SAVE MODE 8* DEVICE
PROCESS FILENAME
RESTORE MODE & DEVICE
GO OPEN FILE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
*
*
*ROUTI
* B=
*
CLOSE
NE TO CLOSE A FILE
DEVICE NUMBER
LBSR BEGIN PREPARE
STB *6F STORE DEVICE NUMBER
JSR *CA53 GO CLOSE FILE
LBRA DONE FUNCTION COMPLETE
*
*
* ROUT I
* A=
* B-
*
PRINT
*
*
* ROUT I
*FRQM
* B=
* A
*
INPUT
NE TO WRITE TO A FILE
CHARACTER TO WRITE
DEVICE NUMBER
LBSR BEGIN PREPARE
STB *6F STORE DEVICE NUMBER
JSR *A2B2 WRITE CHARACTER
LBRA DONE FUNCTION COMPLETE
NE TO READ A CHARACTER
A FILE
DEVICE NUMBER
RETURNS WITH INPUT CHARACTER
LBSR
STB
JSR
STA
LBRA
BEGIN
*6F
* A176
,S
DONE
PREPARE
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
GO INPUT CHARACTER
PUT IT ON STACK
FUNCTION COMPLETE
*
*
* ROUT I
* x-
*
KILL
NE TO KILL A FILE
ADDR OF FILENAME
LBSR
LBSR
JSR
BEGIN
FNAME
*C6C5
PREPARE
PROCESS
GO KILL
FILENAME
FILE
C.C. DIALER
Let your Co. Co. do the "walking".
Turn your computer into an automatic
telephone dialer.
Generate touch tones from C.C.'s keyboard
or stored directory.
Save, load and modify directories on tape
or disk.
Requires Extended Basic and Touch Tone
phone service.
CASSETTE VERSION - $29,95
VISK VERSION - $34.95
Send cheque or money order to:
CHRIS COMPUTERS
6299 Alderwood Lane
Delta, B.C. Canada V4E 3E7
18. C. Re.6ide.ntb include. 6% Saie* Tax]
01800
01B10
01B20
01B30
01B40
01B50
01B60
01870
01 880
01890
01900
01910
01920
01930
01940
01950
01960
01970
01980
01990
02000
02010
02020
02030
02040
02050
02060
02070
02080
02090
02100
021 10
02120
02130
02140
02150
02160
02170
02180
02190
02200
02210
02220
02230
02240
02250
02260
02270
02280
02290
02300
02310
02320
02330
02340
02350
02360
02370
02380
02390
02400
02410
02420
02430
02440
02450
02460
02470
02480
02490
02500
110
i20
i30
140
50
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
021
02!
021
02:
02:
*
*
♦ROUTINE TO ACTIVATE/DE ACTIVE
*THE VERIFICATION SYSTEM
* B=l (ACTIVATE)
* B=0 (DEACTIVATE)
*
VERIFY
BEGIN
*9B7
DONE
LBSR
STB
LBRA
*
*
*THE ROUTINES
* INTERNAL USE
*T0 BE CALLED
♦DIRECTLY !
*
*
♦ROUTINE TO PROCESS
*
FNAME
GETLEN
PREPARE
STORE STATUS
FUNCTION COMPLETE
BELOW ARE FOR
ONLY, AND ARE NOT
BY YOUR PROGRAM
FILENAME
CLEAR
LDB
#*FF
CLEAR COUNTER
INCB
CALCULATE HOW
LDA
B, X
MANY LETTERS
CMPA
#*20
ARE IN THE
BCC
GETLEN
FILENAME
CLR
MAKE SPACE ON STACK
LDA
*95A
GET DEFAULT DRIVE # IN
STA
*EB
CASE NONE IS SPECIFIED
LDU
#*94C
NAME STORAGE AREA
LDA
#*20
ASCII CODE FOR BLANK
STA
,U+
CLEAR OUT
CMPU
#*957
FILENAME
BNE
CLEAR
STORAGE AREA
J MP
*CBA4
GO PROCESS FILENAME
*
*
♦ROUTINE TO PREPARE EVERYTHING
♦PRESERVE REGISTERS, SET UP
♦ERROR TRAP, ETC
*
BEGIN
PSHS
X, Y, U, DP, A
SAVE REGISTERS
CLRA
TEMPORARILY SET
TFR
A, DP
DP
TO ZERO
LDA
*1BE
GET
CONTENTS OF
LDU
* 1BF
ERROR VECTOR
STA
SAVE, PCR
AND SAVE IT
STU
SAVE+1
, PCR
FOR NOW
LDA
#*7E
NOW SET UP
LEAU
ERROR, PCR
ERROR VECTOR
STA
$18E
WITH OUR OWN
STU
*1BF
HANDLING ROUTINE
LDA
«s
RESTORE A REGISTER
STS
STACK, PCR
SAVE STACK POINTER
JMP
LB, SI
RETURN
*
*
*IF AN ERROR OCCURS, CONTROL
*WILL PASS TO ERROR ROUTINE
*
ERROR LSRB
INCB
BRA EXIT
*
*
*IF ROUTINE FINISHES PROPERLY,
♦CONTROL WILL PASS TO DONE
*
DONE CLRB
BRA EXIT
*
*
♦ROUTINE TO RESTORE REGISTERS
♦ERROR VECTOR, AND RETURN TO
♦CALLING PROGRAM
*
B=ERROR CODE
DIVIDE BY 2, ADD 1
GO TO EXIT ROUTINE
0=N0 ERROR
GO TO EXIT
AND
ROUTINE
02560 EXIT
LDA
SAVE, PCR
RESTORE THE
02570
LDU
SAVE+1 , PCR
ERROR VECTOR
02580
STA
* 18E
TO ITS ORIGINAL
02590
STU
* 1BF
VALUE
02600
LDS
STACK, PCR
RESTORE STACK POINTER
02610
PULS
A, DP , U , Y , X
RESTORE REGISTERS
02620
LEAS
2,S CLEAN UP STACK
02630
TSTB
SET
Z FLAG IF NO ERROR
02640
RTS
RETURN TO CALLER
02650
END
START
80 the RAINBOW July 1983
DO YOU HAVE A BASIC OR ASSEMBLY PROGRAM TO SELL?
... avoid unreliable cassette tapes and recorders
and EPROM your program!
With EPACK, BASIC and assembly routines for color computer can be read from cassette tape and stored onto 2516. 2716 (single supply), 2732, 2532, 2564
and 2764 styled EPROM (21 and 25 volt). These EPROM are then inserted into MMB, a game packlike cartridge that automatically executes your program
when it's inserted into the color computer just like the game packs.
EPACK is an excellent alternative to cassettes for programs you want to sell and for personal programs you would like to execute quickly and conveniently
from a more reliable medium.
NOTE: 2732. 2764 and 21 volt capability are available optionally and are not Included in the standard EPACK. **
EPACK consists of EPG. BROM and MMB for $150.00
The units in EPACK are sold individually as follows.
BROM
Utility fits any memory size color computer. Its function is to process
BASIC source files into a format that can be written out to EPROM by Con-
trol Craft Inc.'s EPROM programmer (EPG) . . . and still beexecutedby the
BASIC interpreter - but from EPROM. not RAM"
BROM $25.00
EPROM PROGRAMMER (EPG)
• Zero insertion force socket
• Personality plugs configure programmer to accept 2716 (5 volt supply).
2532 and 2564 style EPROM.
• Programmer's software is included on the programmer board as firmware.
• Program sources:
* read cassette tape files into memory and then write file to EPROM
(files are in Radio Shack format)
* write color computer RAM to EPROM
* read EPROM inserted in programmer into RAM
* write color computer ROM to EPROM
• Functions:
* test EPROM to see if it's unprogrammed
* read an EPROM into color computer RAM
* write RAM buffer out to EPROM
* redefine the location of the RAM buffer
* verify the programming of an EPROM
* compare the contents of RAM buffer against an EPROM
* edit the RAM buffer
1. Examine/change memory locations
2. Examine/change start buffer address
3. Fill RAM buffer with FF hex
* read blocks from a cassette file into RAM
• Menu driven operation allows easy use
• Plastic case enclosed circuitry
• Gold plated edge connectors
• Self-contained unit no external power supplies are used
• Unit operates on any memory sized TRS-80 color computer
EPG $105.00
MULTI MEMORY BOARD (MMB)
• Complete with support IC, sockets and decoupling capacitors
• Accepts 2516. 2716, 2532, 2732, 2564 EPROM (included in EPACK)
• Accepts 2016. 4016. 6116 static RAM*
• Max capacity of 6 memory chips
• Runs on any size TRS-80 color computer
• Board is jumper addressable to either SC000 or $8000
• Provisions for write protect switch , or can jumper the board to write
protect RAM
• Jumpers configure the memory type used on the board. Provisions for
inserting DIP switches in place of the jumpers
• Gold plated edge connector
• Each IC or IC socket has decoupling cap installed
• Plastic case is available extra, at $7.50 (pricing is subject to change
without notice) (case included in EPACK)
• RAM may not work with series E or later color computers.
MMB $30.00
** UPGRADE (optional for EPACK or EPG)
2732-25 volt $15.00 2732-21 volt $15.00
2764-25volt $15.00 2764-21 volt $15.00
SDUMP
OKIDATA owners know that in order to print graphics they lose their
serial interface
NOT ANY MOflEI
Now you can print Hi-res Pmode 4 graphics images, full size and detail,
on your OKIDATA, EPSON and other printers, without dot addressable
capacity.
Features:
• Callable from BASIC routine
• Runs stand alone with a menu
• Relocatable
• Automatically finds the start
of graphics pages
• Configurable for several printers £™
• Fast
• Useable on 16 or 32 or 64 K
machines with or without
Extended BASIC
• Documented
(OKIDATA. EPSON an* RS are trademarks!
Actual graphics printed on an OK IDA TA printer (shown reduced)
SDUMP $20.00
All prices subject to change without notice.
LONTROL LRAFT INC.
19270 North Hills Drive • Brookf ield, Wl 53005 • (414) 784-9027
Name
Company
• Address _
City/State
Shipping address (if different from above)
■Zip
Order Form: EPACK
BROM
EPG
MMB
SDUMP
UPGRADE NO.
@
$150.00 =
@
$ 25.00 =
@
$105.00 =
@
$ 30.00 =
@
$ 25.00 =
@
$ 15.00 =
Wis. residents add 5% sales tax
Shipping & Handling: of items x $2.00/item =
TOTAL ORDER: S
TO OHDEH BY MAIL: SEND MONEY ORDER. CERTIFIED CHECK. CASHIERS
CHECK MASTERCARD/VISA (include card number, inter-bank number,
expiration date and signature).
DEALER INQUIRIES WANTED (minimum dealer order Is 10 units!
wSmwe Revie
Accounting Program Has
Uses Beyond Tax Preparations
CoCo- Accountant is an inexpensive home accounting
program from Federal Hill Software that allows the user to
keep track of checks written. The object of the program is to
all ow for easy retrieval and sorting of this information at tax
time from the files that may be kept on casette or disk,
depending on the version purchased. The cassette version
comes in both 1 6K or 32K while the disk version may only be
used with 32K.
I have had no training in accounting and thus I would
have no idea how close this program adheres to regular
accounting practices. Since I do take care of the finances for
my family as well as the yearly chore of income tax, I do see
how useful the information that may be generated from this
program would be. The program will list and total each
month's checks, list and total checks by account for a given
month or year, and display all information on the screen or
printer. In addition, the 32K versions will flagtax deductible
expenses and checks subject to sales tax. In the latter case,
the user need only type in the state's sales tax and the
program will calculate the total amount of sales tax spent
within these flagged purchases.
Getting the program set up and operating is easy due to
very complete and well-written documentation (nine pages)
INSIM Instruction Simulator
Simulates the complete 6809 instruction set.
Use it to quickly debug assembly programs.
Use it to find out how other programs work.
Use it to find out how the basic roms work.
Output to screen or printer.
Includes commands to examine and change memory.
FVen has a mini-disassembler
16K STANDARD/ EXTENDED S39.95
COMPRESS Reduce basic program size.
Removes spaces and comments.
OR 16K.
*7.95
I NTRST1 The interest calculator
Calculates home mortgage payments or any
loan payments.
Calculates interest, total interest, total
paid, amount due.
Calculates how much to invest now to retire
in style in ?0 years.
This program will calculate future values,
credent values and much more!
l6K STANDARD 8 12.95
DEPREC Calculate depreciation using:
Strait line, production unit, working hours,
declining balance, sum-of-the-years digits.
l6K EXTENDED 810.95
B C ENGINEERING
P.O. BOX 768
MANCHESTER, MO. 630 I I
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER.
MO. RESIDENTS ADD 5.625% SALES TAX.
RAINBOW
and a menu/ prompt system built into the program itself.
After loading the program for the first time, the user may
define up to 24 accounts and a two-letter account code. The
user may then enter check information from the keyboard or
the storage medium. It is very important to remember each
account's code or the program will not operate correctly.
There is an option on the main menu that will list accounts
and codes if the user forgets, but unfortunately you can't
make a printed copy of this list. Other options from the main
menu allow the user to list checks by month, account or
payee, to make a year-to-date summary, to sort by date,
correct an error, and list all checks. The printer routine
supports a 45-column printout of any information wanted
from most of the various "list" options.
I did find some limitations in the program that may limit
the usefulness of the system for some users. The 32K disk
version allows for up to 400 checks to be entered. 1 was
surprised to discover that I write about 480 checks a year
and that I would have to split the program into half-years to
be able to use it. The cassette 32K version will take up to 450
checks and the 16K cassette version has a capacity of 200.
This program is not a checkbook balancer as there is no way
to enter credits or deposits. The documentation plainly
states that the program is a way to organize cancelled checks
only. If you like to balance your checkbook with your Color
Computer, you will thus be obligated to enter your check
information twice — once for your checkbook program and
again for this program. Finally, the program is based
around check writing only, and thus the reality of credit card
or cash spending is not taken into account. I would suspect
that organizing credit spending would be as important to
some people as watching the checks.
Despite the limitations mentioned, I can see some ex-
cellent uses for a program such as CoCo- Accountant.
Besides the obvious tax preparation advantages, an easily
accessed record of, say, gasoline, energy or computer
expenses would be useful for many people to watch where
the money is going. When you measure the very reasonable
price of this program against value received, I think value is
the winner.
(Federal Hill Software, 825 William Street, Baltimore, MD
21230, 16K/32K cassette $15.95, 32K disk $21.95)
—Brian James
Graphics Hint . . .
To B' or Not to B'
That is the Option
The Extended BASIC book tells us to always use the B
option directly before the M motion command when mov-
ing the draw position. Their reasoning is that you may get
unwanted lines. My point here is that you may be able to
omit the B option and get WANTED lines a lot easier than
with any other method. I have used this method on several
occasions and it can be of great help. It is useful anytime you
need to draw a line from a point to another point that does
not fall on one of the standard angles (U E R F D G L H).
The N (no update) option also seems to work well with this
method. I'm sure many people are aware of this ability, but I
have never seen anything about it and it can be very helpful.
Harvey R. Hall
Inola, OK
82
the RAINBOW July 1983
GAME
■1
r the
ECB
l_l
mmmm
RAINBOW
Dots: A Change Of Pace
• ■ •
• • •
■ • ♦
■ • • •
• • ♦ 9 • 4 • " *
From Outer Space
• f • •
■
By Daniel W. Phillips-:-:'-:-:': t
■ "Wr • • • « • • t •••••• • * » • t
-
Here's a beginner strategy game that most everyone
has played at one time or another. It's a change of
pace from the outer space craze, and easy to play for
even the younger kids. The computer allows no 'extra'
moves or 'missed ' captures. A nice feature of this electronic
version of Dots is that the computer will start the game for
you with 60 random lines. Of course, you can start from
scratch if you like. Instructions for the game are in the
program.
I've included a liberal sprinkling of REMarks on the flow
and control of the game in the listing, however, a little
background information maybe helpful if you want to make
any changes or additions to the game.
The numberingscheme I used for this game appeared in a
November 1982 Popular Computing article by George
Stewart, titled Making Mazes. Values for the sides and box
are as follows:
8
1
I i
0
No Lines
1 —
Right Side
2 -
Bottom
4 —
Left Side
8 —
Top
16 —
Captured Box
A complete box
will total 15.
The value of the box is stored in the game array A(C,R),
where "C" is the column and "R" is the row.
I used only two lines to make a box. The top and left side
are the two lines used for computing values.
As you can see, the side of
one box is also the oppo-
site side of its adjacent
box.
That is, the top of box 4 A'
is the same line as the bot-
tom of box 4 B\
The value of both boxes must be revised when one line is
drawn.
Although weare concerned only with values of the ten by
ten boxes on the board, we need eleven columns and rows
for drawing lines. Column eleven will draw the right side on
the far right, and row eleven will draw the bottom line for the
bottom boxes.
The search routines are simply a series of comparisons.
The values chosen forcomparisonare sums of the line values
for partially completed boxes. The order of comparison was
arranged to equalize the time used for all searches. That is,
instead of having a 'north' search zip along and a 'south'
search barely crawl, both should take approximately the
same length of time.
And that's about it!
Variable List
Left Joystick
Right Joystick
Gameboard Locations
Column and Row
Flag — Color of Player
Return Dot to Original Color Counter for
Random Lines
Flag to Indicate Capture
Flag for Joystick Control
Flag for Subroutine Returns
Work Variables
Scores
Game Array — Column — Row
Work 1NKEYS— Store Number Strings (not
dimensioned)
LP,LH,LV
RP,RH,RV
H,V
C,R
B
D
F
FP
X,Y
SR,SL,ST
A(]],ll)
N$(10)
The listing:
79.
169
289
• • •
. 0389
. 0758
OAAD
10 CLSIPMODE1, l: COLOR 1,21 PCLS: PR
INTQ205, "DOTS" i PRINTS234, "WRITTE
N FOR" : PRINT@263, "COLOR COMPUTER
BY " : PR I NTS297 , " DAN PH I LL I PS " : PR
I NTS45 1 , " FOR I NSTRUCT IONS PRESS
' I ' ANY OTHER KEY TO PLAY
tl
20 N*=INKEY*I IFN*"""THEN20 ELSE
IF N*="I" QOSUB740 ELSE CLS
30 PRINT@323,CHR*<175> " OR "CHR*
(239)" WILL BE RIGHT PLAYER" : PR I
NTH355 , CHR* ( 1 9 1 ) " OR " CHR* ( 255 ) "
WILL BE LEFT PLAYER"
39 REM STRINGS FOR NUMBERS
ORIGINALLY IN A PROGRAM BY
July 1983 the RAINBOW 83
RON VAN DYKE IN THE APRIL 82
TRS 80 MICROCOMPUTER NEWS
40 N* (0) ="BM+1 , 0; H1U4E1R2F1D4B1L
2; BM+6, 0" : N* ( 1 ) ="BM+1 , 0; Rl NR1U6G
l5BM+6,+5":N*(2)="NR4UlElRlE2UlH
lL2Gl;BM+7,+5"
50 N* ( 3 ) - " BM+0 , -1 ; F1R2E1 H2E2H 1 L3
; BM+7, 6" : N* (4 > ="BM+3, 0; U2NR1L3U1
E3D35 BM+4, 3" : N* (5) = "BM+0, - 1 ; F1R2
E 1 U2H 1 L3U2R4 5 BM+3 , +6 "
60 N* (6) ="BM+4, -5; H1L2G1D4F1R2E1
U1H1L3JBM+7, +3" : N* (7) ="U1E4U1L4;
BM+7, +6" : N* (8) ="BM+1 , -0; H1U1E1H1
UlElR2FlDlGlNL2FlDlGlL2;BM+6,0"
70 N* (9)-"BM+0, -1 ;F1R2E1U4H1L2G1
D1F1R2; BM+4, +3" : N* ( 10) ="D18R36U1
8"
79 REM LIST ALL VARIABLES IN
ORDER OF MOST USE . . SET ARRAY
TO ZERO
80 dim A (11 , 11) : x=0: y=0:rh=0:rv=
0: RP=0: LH=0: lv=0: LP=0: H=0: v=0: FP
=0: D=0: C=l : R=l : B=4: ST=0: SL=0: SR=
0:f=i:for r=itoii:for c=itoii:a(
c,r>=0:next c,r
89 rem dram gameboard
90 draw"bm46,0"+n*(10) :draw"bm11
0, 0"+n* ( 10) : draw " bm 1 74 , 0 " +n* ( 10)
: paint ( 1 , 1 ) , 1 , 1 : gosub150: g0sub16
0: c0l0r2, 1 : forx=48to208 step16: f
h i P™ 1
[!
iieIHih
D P C3 P ffn
"nrm luitainRl fount rftor riniiuuffl m
n tiiii
,i I ■> —i
I * '.i
[nmwuffl m mil A\ flu
[TO uljfjiiriiii|ij
muni
• 3D TIC-T AC-TOE •
NEW!! Over 150 possible ways to win. A real challenge. Just
when you think you won, coco beats you to it. A lirsl for the
coco. '
Cassette. 32K E.C.B. $14.95
Disc. 32K E.C.B. . $19.95
• TIC-T AC-TOE •
// you thought Tic-Tac-Toe is an easy game, try matching your
wits against this version. Play it with or without joysticks. A
specist "SMALL FRY" level ol difficulty is provided.
Cassette. 16K C.B. $10.95
. JUMPS .
Q-SOFT's challenging version of a very old European solitaire
game An ADDICTIVE board game in HI-RES graphics.
Reviewed in Jan. 1983 issue of the "RAINBOW" on page 164
Cassette: 16K E.C.B.. $10.95
Cassette. 4K C.B. $ 8.95
• THE SPIDER •
By: CHROMATIC SOFTWARE" Alf machine language
Annihilate the spider before he destroys you. Arcade action
Joysticks needed. Reviewed in Jan. 1983 issue of the
"RAINBOW" on page 160.
Cassette: 16K $19.95
• ONE CHECK •
48 "CHECKERS" are placed on the two outside rows of a
standard checkerboard. Remove as many "checkers" as
possible, jumping diagonally. Pfay with or without joysticks
HI-RES graphics.
Cassette: 16K E.C.B. $10.95
Q-SOFT >«v
7006 ROBINHOOD DRIVE • PAINESVILLE, OHIO 44077
C.O.D. orders add $3.00 Call 216-352-2675
RAINBOW
84
the RAINBOW July 1983
ORY=20TO180 STEP16:PSET(X,Y,2) :N
EXTY, X
100 F0RX=1T05:N*=INKEY*:NEXT:PRI
NTS419, "WOULD YOU LIKE SOME RAND
OM LINES TO GET STARTED?"
: PR I NTS493 , " < Y-N > " ;
110 N*= I NKEY* : I FN*= " " THEN 1 1 0ELSE
X=RND(2)-l:SCREENl, X
1 20 I FN*= "Y"THENFP=-l:X =RND (-TIM
ER) :GOSUB650:FP= l: GOTO 180: ELSE 1
80
129 REM DRAW HORIZONTAL LINES
130 H=(C#16)+32: V=(R*16)+4:F0R X
=H TO (H+16) :PSET(X,V, 2) :NEXTX:R
ETURN
139 REM DRAW VERTICAL LINES
140 H=(C#16)+32: V=(R#16)+4:F0R X
=V TO (V+16) :PSET(H, X,2) :NEXTX:R
ETURN
149 REM COMPUTE AND DISPLAY
SCORE FOR RIGHT PLAYER
150 X=INT(SR/10) : Y=SR-(X#10) :pai
NT(178,2) ,3, l:DRAW"C2;S10;BM180,
14"+N*(X)+N*(Y) : RETURN
159 REM COMPUTE AND DISPLAY
SCORE FOR LEFT PLAYER
160 X=INT(SL/10) : Y=SL-(X#10) :PAI
NT(50,2) ,4, l:DRAW"C2;S10;BM52, 14
" +N* ( X ) +N* ( Y ) : RETURN
169 REM ANY CHANGE IN SCORE -DO
ANOTHER SEARCH
170 IF STO(SR+SL) THEN 560
179 REM FLAGS TO START SEARCHES,
CHANGE PLAYERS - DISPLAY
NEW SCORES
180 IF F=-l AND B=3 GOSUB150 ELS
E IF F=-l AND B=4 GOSUB160
190 IF F=l THEN IF B=3 THEN B=4
ELSE B=3
200 F=l : PAINT (1 16,8) ,B, 1 : SOUND20
0,5: IF ST=100 GOTO790
209 REM JOYSTICK INPUT
210 RH=INT(JOYSTK(0)/3)#8+40:RV=
INT ( JOYSTK ( 1 ) /3) #8+12: RP=PEEK (65
280)
220 LH=INT (JOYSTK (2) /3) #8+40: LV=
INT (JOYSTK ( 3) /3) #8+12: LP=PEEK (65
280)
230 IF B=3 THEN H=RH: V=RV: FP=RP:
IF FP=125 OR FP=253 THEN FP=255:
GOTO250 ELSE GOTO250
240 H=LH: V=LV: FP=LP: IF FP=126 OR
FP=254 THEN FP=255
249 REM SET LOWER LIMIT FOR DOT
250 IF H<48 THEN H=48
260 IF V<20 THEN V=20
269 REM FLASH DOT AND SET TO
ORIGINAL COLOR BEFORE LEAVING
270 D=PPOINT(H,V) :PSET(H,V,2) :FO
RX=1TO40: NEXT: PRESET (H, V) : FORX=l
Sale — Sale — Sale
rtxi xa csmfmcs
LARGE CHARACTERS
FDR SMALL CHILDREN
OR THE VISUALLY
IMPAIRED
1 234567890 1 £34567890 1
ABCDEFGH I FKLMNDPQRSTU
VUXYZabcdefghi Jk lfinop
qrsiuvwxyzl
to-:
SOLUTION ON CARTRIDGE
The cartridge version of THE SOLUTION has all of the
features of the tape version and more. It works with all
of the graphic modes (including 4 colors). It includes a
51 characters per line feature and the ability to define a
text window on the screen. All of this and much more
at the low price of — $34 95
ROM-PAKS £&3S $ 7.50
This is an empty Rom-Pak with a PC board. It will hold
either a 2716, 2732 or a 2764. The case looks very simi-
lar to Radio Shack's Rom-Pak. Comes complete with
instructions.
CUSTOM PROGRAMING
We will put your program in a Rom-Pak for you for a
very reasonable fee. The program can be either Basic
or machine language. Prices start at $19.95 for pro-
grams up to 4K in length. $29.95 for programs up to 8K.
Volume discounts are available. Send for a free sub-
mittal form.
KMIIHIrH-HIHMlllHI
* c a l a r *
* s e r i p s i t *
t I
*<C) K1LGUS t
save on t*P^
I o£d (ron tape
pr in t
cKin3* standards
SCRIPTFX $9^S $ 4.95
Are you tired of the upper case display of Color Scrip-
sit? Well then SCRIPTFX is for you. This is a program
which converts the display of Color Scripsit over to a
real display of upper and lower case letters with des-
cenders. The program allows all of the features of
Scripsit to function and comes with a money back
guarantee if it does not work. Please specify machine
type when ordering. Extended Basic is not required.
SUPER PILOT $ 7.95
An enhanced version of Pilot for use with Extended Basic.
Includes features for math, graphics, and sound, Has a
feature that makes it easy to create flash card type drill
programs. Programs are pseudo compiled for faster
execution. Comes with as 24 page tutorial manual and demo
programs. Sample program included on tape to get you
started.
All programs for 16K, 32K Extended Basic machines unless
otherwise noted. All programs on cassette. Add $4.00 per
order for disk.
DISCOUNT — order 10 or more programs (you may mix
types) and you will receive a 30% discount on the order.
Dealer discounts are also available.
SNAKE MOUNTAIN SOFTWARE
P.O. BOX 5722
RALEIGH, NC 27650
919-828-6669
24 hour phone COD ordering service.
(Eottgratitlattons
you made the right choice when you purchased a
Color Computer. It is a very powerful machine.
However the standard display format does not do the
machine justice. The machine is capable of much more than
16 lines of 32 all capital characters. Now you can give your
Color Computer the display it deserves. THE SOLUTION
gives the Color Computer a much better display than it nor-
mally has, and really makes the machine shine. Its features
include:
• provides a screen of 42 characters by 21 lines displayed
• linked directly to basic — program is transparent to the
user
• prints all 96 ASCII characters, lowercase characters
have descenders, has a slashed zero to avoid
confusion when programing
• prints characters on any two-color graphic screen
• graphics and text may be intermixed on the same screen
• special mode with 4 lines of text at the bottom of the
screen (just like some other famous color machines) —
great for working with graphics
• large character mode for small children or the visually
impaired
character set may be reversed
written in machine language, program is relocatable
fast — prints at over 600 characters per second
works with both cassette and disk
includes a 20 page manual with demo programs (a lunar
lander program is included)
SOLUTION $14.95
EXTENDER $ $ 4.95
Still want more than 42 characters per line from your
computer, Then the EXTENDER is for you. This program
when used with THE SOLUTION will give a display of 51
characters per line by 21 lines displayed. Please include your
program serial number when ordering.
GRAPH LABEL $&35 $ 5.95
Have you ever wanted to place characters on a graphic
screen but couldn't find an easy way to do it. Well then
GRAPH LABEL is for you. This program will enable you to
place characters anywhere on a graphic screen. It will place
any of 96 ASCII characters on the screen or you may create
your own characters. It features a cursor that may be moved
anywhere around the screen with out rubbing out what it
goes over. Superscripts and subscripts may be used since
the cursor may be moved vertically and horizontally in steps
as small as one pixel. Lowercase characters have descend-
ers. GRAPH LABEL is written in Basic and is therefore easy
to modify. It may be used by itself or as a subroutine.
SCREEN PRINT PACKAGE $ 5.95
A package of 2 programs for use with the LPVII, LPVIII,
DMP100, DMP200, DMP400, DMP500. The programs will
print an image of what is on a graphic screen to the printer.
Both programs work with all the standard PMODEs. The
programs are written in machine language and may be
moved anywhere in memory. The two programs are:
1) SCREEN PRINT — will produce a regular size print. The
image may be located anywhere on a page.
2) DOUBLE SIZE SCREEN PRINT — this program will
produce a full size image that will fill up a sheet of paper. The
finished product is 8 by 6.5 inches in size. Your computer
graphics look really good when they are printed out with this
program.
SHIPPING — add $2.00 for orders less than $20.00. Shipping
is free on orders of more than $20.00.
Canadians — please send money orders only.
All orders shipped within 5 working days.
TO30 : NEX T : PSET <H, V, B> : FORX= 1 TO50
: NEXT: PSET (H, V, D) : IF FP=255 OR F
P=127 THEN210
279 REM GET NUMBER OF COLUMN
AND ROW FROM DOT LOCATION
280 C=INT< <H-32>/16> :R=INT< <V-4>
/16>:IF C=0 THEN C=l
289 REM SET COLUMN AND ROW TO
LOW LIMIT
290 IF R=0 THEN R= 1 : REM NOV 1982
WRITTEN BY
DANIEL W. PHILLIPS
289 S. SHERIDAN ST.
W I LKES-B ARRE , P A . 1 8702
299 REM CHECK FOR LEGAL MOVE
IN HORIZONTAL -IF NO LEGAL
MOVE CHECK VERTICAL
300 IF<H-40> /16=INT< <H-40> /16> A
ND <V-12>/16<>INT< <V-12> /16> AND
<PP0INT<H-3, V>=1 OR PP0INT<H-3,
V>=5> THEN F0RX=(H-8) TO (H+8):P
SET (X,V, 2) : NEXT: ELSE GOTO320
309 REM ADD VALUE TO BOXES
ADJACENT TO HORIZONTAL LINE
310 A(C,R>=A(C,R>+8:A(C,R-1)=A(C
, R-l) +2: IF FP=-1 THEN RETURN ELS
E GOTO340
319 REM CHECK FOR LEGAL MOVE
IN VERTICAL - IF NO LEGAL
COMPUTER
BUSINESS FORMS
Continuous Forms, labels, paper, checks,
invoices, statements— all with your
imprint. Continuous letterhead with a
perP so Pine that you need a magniPying
glass to tell it's a Pan Pold sheet.
Matching envelopes.
Regular letterhead, business Porms and
cards also.
Send sample Por quote. Send $3.00
(rePundable on First order) Por our
catalog.
Catalog also includes computer
Purniture.
D€S€RT PRESS, INC.
P.O.Box 15128
Las Vegas, Nevada 891 1 4
MOVE, MAKE NOISE AND GO
BACK TO JOYSTICKS
320 IF<H-40)/16OINT< <H-40)/16)
AND <V-12)/16=INT< <V-12) /16) AND
(PPOINT(H, V-3)=l OR PPOINT<H,V-
3) =5) THEN FOR X-<V-8) TO (V+8):
PSET(H,X,2) :NEXTELSE SOUND 100, 5:
GOTO210
329 REM ADD VALUE TO BOXES
ADJACENT TO VERTICAL LINE
330 A(C,R)=A(C,R)+4: A(C-1,R)=A(C
-l,R)+l:IF FP=-1 THEN RETURN
339 REM CHECK THE ONLY THREE
BOXES THAT COULD BE CAPTURED
340 IF A(C,R)=15 GOTO380
350 IF A(C,R-1)=15 THEN R=R-l:GO
TO380
360 IF A(C-1,R)=15 THEN C=C-l:GO
TO380
369 REM NO CAPTURES
370 GOTO 180
379 REM COLOR BOX WITH PLAYERS'
COLOR - PROTECT BOX FROM
BEING REUSED - ADD ONE TO
SCORE
380 X=<C*16)+40:Y=<R*16)+12:PAIN
T(X,Y> ,B,2:S0UND144,3: A(C,R)=16:
IF B=4 THEN SL=SL+1 ELSE SR=SR+1
390 IF FP=-1 THEN RETURN
399 REM FIND CONTINUED CAPTURES
400 IF A(C,R-1)=7 THEN R=R-l:GOS
UB130:GOTO310
410 IF A(C+1,R)=14 THEN C=C+2:G0
SUB 1 40 : FP=- 1 : GOSUB330 : FP= 1 : I F A (
C-l , R) =15 THEN C=C- 1 : GOTO380
420 IF A(C,R+1)=13 THEN R=R+2:G0
SUB 1 30 : FP=— 1 : G0SUB3 10: FP= l : I F A(
C, R-l ) =15 THEN R=R-l:GOTO380
430 IF A(C-1,R)=11 THEN C=C-l:GO
SUB140IGOTO330
440 IF A(C,R-1)=11THEN R=R-l:GOS
UB140IGOTO330
450 IF A(C,R-1)=14 THEN C=C+1:R=
R-l : GOSUB140: GOTO330
460 IF A(C+1,R)=7 THEN C=C+l:GOS
UB130IGOTO310
470 IF A(C+1,R)=13 THEN R=R+1:C=
C+ 1 : GOSUB 1 30 : G0T03 1 0
480 IF A(C,R+1)=11 THEN R=R+l:GO
SUB 1 40 : GOTO330
490 IF A(C,R+1)=14 THEN C=C+1:R=
R+l : GOSUB 140: GOTO330
500 IF A(C-1,R>=7 THEN C=C-l:GOS
UB130IGOTO310
510 IF A (C-l, R) =13 THEN C=C-1:R=
R+l : GOSUB 130: GOTO310
520 IF A (C, R-l) =15 THEN R=R-l:GO
TO380
530 IF A(C+1,R)=15 THEN C=C+l:GO
86
the RAINBOW July 1983
* COLOR COMPUTER WORKSHEET *
EliteCalc
NOW . . . The worksheet calculator program you've
been waiting for is waiting to work for you.
ELITE*CALC is a powerful, full featured worksheet
calculator designed especially for the Color Com-
puter. Answer "what if" questions, prepare reports,
maintain records and perform other tasks that, until
now, required sophisticated business computers.
ELITE*CALC J is a serious tool for those who want to
do more than play games with their Color Computer.
Features include:
Single character commands
Help Displays
Enter text or formulas to 255
characters long
Repeat text entries
255 maximum rows
255 maximum columns
Available memory always displayed
Rapid Entry modes for text and
data
Selectable Automatic Cursor
movement
Insert, Delete, Move entire rows or
columns
Replicate one cell to fill a row or
column with selectable formula
adjustment
All machine language for speed
Extended BASIC required for ROM
routine calls
Automatic memory size detection
for 1 6K, 32K or 64K
> 20K bytes, storage available in
32K systems
BASIC style formulas
Math Operators: + , — ,X,/ r I .(,),=
Relation Operators:
= ,>,<,<=,> =,<>
Logic Operations: AND, OR, NOT
Conditional Formula: IF . . .
THEN ... ELSE
Trig Functions: SIN, COS, TAN,
ATN
* Easy to use
* Individual cell formulas
* Copy blocks of cells
* Full cell-edit capability
* Compatible with all printers
* Graph format for bar charts
* Sort in ascending or descending
order
* Comprehensive manual included
THE BEST FOR ONLY
Disk or Tape
— Shipping from stock NOW
— Dealer Inquiries Invited.
Add $2 Postage & Handling
PA residents add 6% sales tax
Hike -jo^twaze
Log Functions: LOG, EXP, SQR.
Misc. Functions: INT, FX, ABS,
SGN.
Range Functions: SUM, AVERAGE,
COUNT, MIN, MAX, LOOKUP
Nine digit precision
Definable constant table
User definable printer set-up
commands
Individual column width settings
Adjustable row height to insert
blank lines without wasting
memory
Hide colmns or rows
Alternate print font selectable on
cell by cell basis
Display/Print formats set by cell,
row, or column
Dollar format, comma grouping;
prefix or postfix sign
Scientific notation, fixed point and
integer formats
Left and Right cell contents
justification
Full page formatting
All formats stored with worksheet
on disk(tape)
Save & Load Disk(tape) files in
compact memory form
Scan disk directories
Output ASCII file for word
processor input compatibility
Memory resident code ... no
repeated disk calls
Sample worksheets included
Box 1 1 224 • Pittsburgh, PA 15238 • (412) 795-8492
From the creators of: ZAKSUND • COLOR TEXTSET I • COLOR TEXT SET It * INTER*
GALACTIC FORCE * TEXT EDITOR * PARTY PAK • COLOR MONITOR » TREK* 1 6 * MARKINGS •
DISK & TAPE COPY • ANIMALS * BODY PARTS * TAPE COPY and many other fine programs
TO380
540 IF A<C,R+1>=15 THEN R=R+1:G0
TO380
550 IF A(C-1,R)=15 THEN C=C-l:GO
TO380 F
559 REM SET FLAGS TO GIVE THE
CURRENT PLAYER ANOTHER TURN
560 ST= (SR+SL) : F=-l
569 REM SEARCH OF ENTIRE BOARD
570 FOR Y=1TO10:FOR X=1TO10
580 IF A(X,Y)=16 THEN NEXT X,Y:G
OTO170
590 IF A(X,Y)=7 THEN C=X:R=Y:GOS
UB130: GOTO310
600 IF A(X,Y)=14 THEN C=X+1:R=Y:
GOSUB140: GOTO330
610 IF A(X,Y>=13 THEN C=X:R=Y+1:
GOSUB 1 30 : G0T03 1 0
620 IF A<X,Y>=11 THEN C=X:R=Y:GO
SUB140:GOTO330
630 IF A(X,Y)=15 THEN C=X:R=Y:FP
=-1 : GOSUB380: FP=1 : X=C: Y=R
640 NEXT X,Y: GOTO 170
649 REM PUT RANDOM LINES ON THE
BOARD
650 Y=RND(10) : X=RND(10)
660 FOR R=Y TOll IFOR C=X TOIHIF
R=ll AND C=ll THEN NEXTC,R:X=1:
Y=l:GOTO660
670 IF A(C,R)=0 AND A(C,R-1)=0 A
SOFTWARE - HARDWARE
FOR RADIO SHACK'S TR5-80 MODEL 1/3
TRS-BO COLOR COMPUTER
•SEND FOR FREE CATALOG*
UTILITY PROGRAMS ON CASSETTE
SU-l CASSETTE COPY k 10H ||l SPECIFY l||
I COMPUTER I
SU-Z CASSETTE DUMP Y lO^
Y-PAK
TRS-BO COLOR COMPUTER
S7QS2
rPUT
CARTRIDGE
MERE
TURN YOUR COMPUTER INTO A
1- SLOT SYSTEM. SWITCH
BETWEEN THE TWO WITH EASE.
RECORDER STAND
MADE OF STURDY PLASTIC
HOLDS RECORDER AT A
PERFECT ANGLE.
RAM/ROM USER-PAK FOR TRS~80 COLOR }30
'GAMES ALSO AVAILABLE*
B.ERICKSON SOFTWARE -P0, BOX 1K399 CHICAGO IL 60611
CALL (312)276-9712ts>INfORMATION
ND A(C-1,R)=0 THEN IF C=>R G0T07
10 ELSE GOTO720
680 IF A(C,R)=0 THEN LP=A(C,R-1)
:LP=LP+l:ON LP GOTO 710,710,690,
690,710, 700, 690, 700, 710, 700, 690,
700,700
690 IF A(C,R)=8 THEN LP=A(C-1,R)
:LP=LP+l:ON LP GOTO 720,700,720,
700, 720, 700, 700, 700, 720, 700, 700,
700, 700
700 NEXTC,R:X=l:Y=l:GOTO660
710 IF C=ll THEN 715 ELSE GOSUB1
30: GOSUB310: GOTO730
714 REM SPECIAL CASE * VERTICAL
LINE FOR RIGHT SIDE OF BOARD
715 LP=A(C-1,R) : IFLP=2 OR LP=4 O
R LP=8 THEN 720 ELSE 700
720 IF R=ll THEN 700 ELSE GOSUB 1
40:GOSUB330
730 D=D+l: SOUND D,1:IF D=60 THEN
RETURN ELSE 650
739 REM PRINT INSTRUCTIONS
740 CLS : PR I NT@46 , " DOT " : PR I NT " TH
E OBJECT OF THE GAME IS TO CO
NNECT THE DOTS TO FORM AS MA
NY BOXES AS POSSIBLE WITHOUT LE
TTING YOUR OPPONENT CAPTURE AN
Y BOXES. THE PLAYER WHO COM- PL
ETES A BOX CAPTURES THAT BOX . " ;
750 PRINT" THE COMPUTER WILL THE
N SEARCH FOR ADDITIONAL CAPTUR
ES. EACH BOX COUNTS FOR ONE PO
INT. WHEN ALL CAPTURES ARE
MADE FOR A TURN, THE SCORE IS
UPDATED, AND THE PLAYER WILL D
RAW ONE MORE L I NE . " : PR I NTS483
, "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTIN
760 N*=INKEY*:IF N*=""THEN760 EL
SE CLS
770 PRINTS35, "A TONE WILL SOUND
WHEN. . . ":PRINT@97, "A- AN ILLEGAL
MOVE IS ATTEMPTED B- THE DOT IS
BACK ON THE BOARD AFTER A SE
ARCH C- AS EACH CA
PTURED BOX IS FILLED WIT
H THE PLAYERS COLOR": PR I
NT@489, "PRESS ANY KEY" ;
780 N*=INKEY*:IF N*=" "THEN 780 E
LSE PRINT@489,STRING*<13,CHR*<32
) > ; : RETURN
789 REM SHOW BOARD AFTER FINAL
CAPTURE - THEN PLAY AGAIN
OR QUIT
790 FOR X=1TO2500:NEXTX:CLS:PRIN
T@205 , " DOTS " : PR I NTS45 1 , " FOR ANOT
HER GAME PRESS 'A' TO END
PRESS ANY KEY"
800 N*=INKEY*:IF N*= ""THEN 800EL
SE IF N*="A" THEN RUN: ELSE END
88 the RAINBOW July 1983
3 display formats: 51/64/85
columns x 24 lines
True lower case characters
User-friendly full -screen
editor
Right justification
Easy hyphenation
Drives any printer
Embedded format and
control codes
Runs in 16K, 32K, or 64K
Menu-driven disk and
cassette I/O
No hardware modifications
required
THE ORIGINAL
Simply stated, Telewriter is the most powerful
word processor you can buy for. the TRS-80
Color Computer. The original Telewriter has
received rave reviews in every major Color
Computer and TRS-80 magazine, as well as
enthusiastic praise from thousands of satisfied
owners. And rightly so.
The standard Color Computer display of 32
characters by 16 lines without lower case is
simply inadequate for serious word processing.
The checkerboard letters and tiny lines give you
no feel for how your writing looks or reads.
Telewriter gives the Color Computer a 51
column by 24 line screen display with true
lower case characters. So a Telewriter screen
looks like a printed page, with a good chunk of
text on screen at one time. In fact, more on
screen text than you'd get with Apple II, Atari,
TI, Vic or TRS-80 Model III.
On top of that, the sophisticated Telewriter
full-screen editor is so simple to use, it makes
writing fun. With single-letter mnemonic
commands, and menu-driven I/O and
formatting, Telewriter surpasses all others for
user friendliness and pure power.
Telewriter's chain printing feature means that
the size of your text is never limited by the
amount of memory you have, and Telewriter's
advanced cassette handler gives you a powerful
word processor without the major additional
cost of a disk.
...one of the best programs/ or the Color
Computer I have seen.. .
— Color Computer News, Jan. 1982
TELEWRITER-64
But now we've added more power to
Telewriter. Not just bells and whistles, but
major features that give you total control over
your writing. We call this new supercharged
version Telewriter-64. For two reasons.
64K COMPATIBLE
Telewriter-64 runs fully in any Color Computer
— 16K, 32K, or 64K, with or without Extended
Basic, with disk or cassette or both. It
automatically configures itself to take optimum
advantage of all available memory. That means
that when you upgrade your memory, the
Telewriter-64 text buffer grows accordingly. In
a 64K cassette based system, for example, you
get about 40K of memory to store text. So you
don't need disk or FLEX to put all your 64K
to work immediately.
64 COLUMNS (AND 85!)
Besides the original 51 column screen,
Telewriter-64 now gives you 2 additional high-
density displays: 64 x 24 and 85 x 24!! Both
high density modes provide all the standard
Telewriter editing capabilities, and you can
switch instantly to any of the 3 formats with a
single control key command.
The 51 x 24 display is clear and crisp on the
screen. The two high density modes are more
crowded and less easily readable, but they are
perfect for showing you the exact layout of
your printed page, all on the screen at one
time. Compare this with cumbersome
"windows" that show you only fragments at a
time and don't even allow editing.
RIGHT JUSTIFICATION &
HYPHENATION
One outstanding advantage of the full-width
screen display is that you can now set the
screen width to match the width of your
printed page, so that "what you see is what
you get." This makes exact alignment of
columns possible and it makes hyphenation
simple.
Since short lines are the reason for the large
spaces often found in standard right justified
text, and since hyphenation is the most
effective way to eliminate short lines,
Telewriter-64 can now promise you some of the
best looking right justification you can get on
the Color Computer.
FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS:
Printing and formatting: Drives any printer
(LPVII/V1U, DMP-I00/200, Epson, Okidata,
Centronics, NEC, C. Itoh, Smith-Corona,
Terminet, etc).
Embedded control codes give full dynamic access to
intelligent printer feauires like: underlining,
subscript, superscript, variable font and type size, dot-
graphics, etc.
Dynamic (embedded) format controls for: top,
bottom, and left margins; line length, lines per page,
line spacing, new page, change page numbering,
conditional new page, enable/disable justification.
Menu-driven control of these parameters, as well as:
pause at page bottom, page numbering, baud rate (so
you can run your printer at top speed), and Epson
font. "Typewriter" feature sends typed lines directly
to your printer, and Direct mode sends control codes
right from the keyboard. Special Epson driver
simplifies use with MX-80.
Supports single and multi-line headers and automatic
centering. Print or save all or any section of the text
buffer. Chain print any number of files from cassette
or disk.
File and I/O Features: ASCII format files —
create and edit BASIC, Assembly, Pascal, and C
programs, Smart Terminal files (for uploading or
downloading), even text files from other word
processors. Compatible with spelling checkers (like
Spell 'n Fix).
Cassette verify command for sure saves. Cassette auto-
retry means you type a load command only once no
matter where you are in the tape.
Read in, save, pariial save, and append files with disk
and/or cassette. For disk: print directory with free
space to screen or printer, kill and rename files, set
default drive. Easily customized to the number of
drives in the system.
Editing features: Fast, full-screen editor with
wordwrap, block copy, block move, block delete, line
delete, global search and replace (or delete), wild card
search, fast auto-repeat cursor, fast scrolling, cursor
up, down, right, left, begin line, end line, lop of text,
bottom of text; page forward, page backward, align
text, tabs, choice of buff or green background,
complete error protection, line counter, word counter,
space left, current file name, default drive in effect,
set line length on screen.
Insert or delete text anywhere on the screen without
changing "modes." This fast "free-form" editor
provides maximum ease of use. Everything you do
appears immediately on the screen in front of you.
Commands require only a single key or a single key
plus CLEAR.
. . . truly a stale of the art word processor,
outstanding in every respeci.
— The RAINBOW, Jan. 1982
PROFESSIONAL
WORD PROCESSING
You can no longer afford to be without the
power and efficiency word processing brings to
everything you write. The TRS-80 Color
Computer is the lowest priced micro with the
capability for serious word processing. And
only Telewriter-64 fully unleashes that
capability.
Telewriter-64 costs $49.95 on cassette, $59.95
on disk, and comes complete with over 70
pages of well-written documentation. (The step-
by-step tutorial will have your writing with
Telewriter-64 in a matter of minutes.)
To order, send check or money order to:
Cognkec
704 Nob Street
Del Mar, CA 92014
Or check your local software store. If you have
questions, or would like to order by Visa or
Mastercard, call us at (619) 755-1258
(weekdays, 8AM-4PM PST). Dealer inquiries
invited.
(Add $2 for shipping. Calif ornians add 6% slate tax. Allow 2
weeks for persona] checks. Send self-addressed stamped
envelope for Telewriter reviews from CCN, RAINBOW,
80-Micro. 8#-U.S. Telewriter owners: send SASE or call for
information on upgrading to Telewriter-64. Telewriter-
compatible spelling checker (Spell 'n Fix) and Smart Terminal
program (Colorcom/E) also available. Call or write for more
information.)
Apple II is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.; Atari is a
trademark of Atari, Inc.; TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy
Corp; MX-8# is a trademark of Epson America, Inc.
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★^
Give us your best: Join the ranks of these courageous CoCoists in showing the Color Computer world
your high score at your favorite micro-diversion. We want to put your best effort on record in the Rainbow's
Scoreboard column. All entries must be received by the first of the month to be eligible for the following
month's Scoreboard.
* New Number One
ft Last Month's Number One
SCORE PLAYER
SCORE PLAYER
SCORE PLAYER
ASTRO BLAST
158,000
92,000
79,914
75,314
71,000
64,000
63,025
AVENGER
14,075
1 1 ,560
5,345
5,000
BERSERK
22,050
if Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
ft Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
Mike Hall. Hartland. Wl
Emil Hayek, State College, PA
Robert R. Franks, Jr.,Toledo, OH
Russell Wronski, Palatine, IL
if Stephen Lai, Palatine, IL
ft Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Craig Schubert, Newfoundland, NJ
Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
^ Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
10,250 ft Mike Anheluk, Fall Creek, OR
10,070 Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
7,800 Mike HalL Harland, Wl
6,150 Steve Skrzyniarz, Tacoma, WA
BUSTOUT
34,700 if Sara Hennessey, Golden Valley,
28,720 Perry Denton, New Baden, IL
25,510 ft Andy Klingler, San Diego, CA
5,942 Norbert Berenyi, Northvale. NJ
CANYON CLIMBER
23,400 * Craig
MN
M. Arnold. Dallas, TX
CATCH 'EM
91,000 ft Dean Bouchard, Kingston, N~vaScotie
65,768 Laura Sandman, Louisville, KY
CATERPILLAR
30,029 if Ron Rhead, Willowdale, Ontario
CAVE HUNTER
42,600 ft Gary Ritchie, Bellevue, Alberta
26,300 Mike Hughey, King George. VA
21,150 Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
CLOWNS & BALLOONS
65,050 if Brian Gould, Basking Ridge, NJ
61,700 ft Dan Dowling, San Bruno, CA
46,930 Stephen Shotts, Blacksburg, VA
42,430 Joanne Ledson, North Bay, Ontario
25,450 Norbert Berenyi, Northvale, NJ
22,700 Shelley Partridge, Warkworth. Ontario
COLOR HAYWIRE
14,650 * Todd C. Hauschildt, Red Wing, MN
14,350 Mike Hughey, King George, VA
10,900 John Cole, King City, Ontario
10,450 Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
10,250 ft Pat Downard, Louisville, KY
COLOR INVADERS
166,425 if Jim Baker, Fiorissant, MO
126,350 Perry Denton, New Baden, IL
101,240 Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
83,000 ft Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
COLOR METEOROIDS
252,050 if Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
206,000 Peter Johnson, Chino, CA
197.400 John Scannell, Renton, WA
153,000 Steve Lewallen, Centerville, OH
149,000 ft Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
COLOR SCARFMAN
976,520 if Bruce Thornhill, Barrhead, Alberta
539,100 Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
523,340 Fred K. Herrman, Flemington, NJ
506,560 ft Russ Eubanks. Jay, ME
488,730 Del Alexander. San Antonio, TX
417,740 Danny Eldridge, Fair Oaks, CA
401,990 Cynthia Eldridge, Fair Oaks. CA
COLORPEDE
2,139,248 *
2,005,227 ft
1,329,868
1,104,029
684,117
539,941
469,142
386,506
323,946
317,361
287,341
206,558
173,904
Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
Jennifer Maxey, Kalamazoo, Ml
Russ Eubanks, Jay, ME
Gary Ritchie, Bellevue, Alberta
David Blyn, Staten Island, NY
Brian Hsu, Holmdel, NJ
Michael Rader, Hardtner. KS
Robert Rahmes, Silver Spring, MD
Herbert Ponder, Jacksonville, FL
Lyman Green, Jr., Ballouville, CT
Robert Denton, New Baden. IL
Kim A. Cook, High Point, NC
Andrew Herron, High Point, NC
COLOR ZAP
227,330 if Ron Rhead. Willowdale, Ontario
COLOUR PAC ATTACK
472,465 if Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
193,000 ft Cameron Amick, Reisterstown. MD
51,150 Emil Hayek, State College. PA
27,500 David Rosicky, Pittsburgh, PA
CONQUEST OF KZIRGLA
10,399 ft Scott Sehlhorst, Columbia, SC
DEFENSE
58,900 ft Greg Scott, Orlando, FL
DOODLE BUG
825,000 ■
355,440
343,000
338,590
294,930
260,000
45,580
r John Cole, King City, Ontario
Bette Munitz, Bellerose, NY
Mike Hughey, King George, VA
Joanne Ledson, North Bay, Ontario
Stephen Lai, Palatine, IL
Jeff Pyne, Port Mouton, Nova Scotia
Mrs. Sandy Nierste, Clio, Ml
DOUBLEBACK
89.840 if Craig M. Arnold, Dallas, TX
50,110 ft Mary H. Thomas. Louisville. KY
43,660 Ron Moore. Wellsville. OH
27,680 Andrea L. Herron, High Point, NC
DUNKEY MUNKEY
1,618,800 * Bryan Bloodworth, Federal Way, WA
1.099,400 ft Andrew Herron, High Point, NC
1.000,500 Wendy Johnson, San Jose, CA
1.000,001 Grant Gillott, Calgary, Alberta
626.400 Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
508,000 Robert Denton, New Baden, IL
333.300 Rob Uriano, Framingham. MA
308.000 Mitch Cohen, Framingham, MA
THE FROG
15,400 * Debbie Purdy, Dearborn, Ml
FROG TREK
10,370 * Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
7,160 ft Mike Anheluk, Fall Creek, OR
GALACTIC
54,200
48,320
43,010
39,140
25,210
23,600
22,240
21,260
18.120
17,310
16,660
ATTACK
if Mike Hughey, King George, VA
John Cole, King City, Ontario
Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
Greg Onlofsky, Ridgefield .Park, NY
John & Krista McCallum,
Woodburn. OR
John McCallum, Woodburn, OR
Daniel Mi lb rath, Ann Arbor, Ml
Brian Caulley, Reynoldsburg, OH
Lenny Munitz, Bellerose, NY
Tyler Bolen, Wheaton, IL
Jeff Willard. Chireno, TX
GALAX ATTAX
46,450 if Robert Rahmes, Silver Spring, MD
33.350 Aaron Cundiff, Livermore, KY
33,000 Todd Zuehl. Livermore, KY
30,350 Mark Raphael, Englishtown, NJ
GHOST GOBBLER
825,250 ft Randy Gerber, Wilmette, IL
103,590 Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
58,270 Mike Hall. Hartland, Wl
49,880 Steven Picone, Leomister, MA
INVADERS REVENGE
32,600 ft Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
INVASION
82,000 ft Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
KATER PILLAR ATTACK
14,375 * Norbert Berenyi, Northvale, NJ
12,703 ft Warren Schubert, Newfoundland, NJ
12,544 Todd C. Hauschildt. Red Wing. MN
12,100 Peter Stumpfi. McHenry, IL
9.137 Ron Rhead, Willowdale, Ontario
THE KING
1,858,000 * Mike Hughey, King George. VA
1,000,000 Debbie Purdy, Dearborn, Ml
805,700 ft Dave Mercer, Marissa, IL
486,500 Frank Bottino, St. Louis, MO
448.900 Alan Mack. Penn Yan, NY
388,500 Carl Castillo, Yorktown Heights, NY
332.100 Candy Harden, Birmingham, AL
319,500 Ben Lattin, Cosmopolis. WA
239,100 Perry Denton, New Baden, IL
238,100 Bill Schultz, High Bridge. NJ
231.400 Tom Schultz, High Bridge, NJ
167,200 James Whitt. San Antonio, TX
131,200 John Ottesen, E. Hanover, NJ
118,800 Brian Rugges, Dayton. OH
110,000 Robert R.Franks, Jr., Toledo, OH
KOSMIC KAMIKAZE
49,900 ft Mark Raphael, Englishtown, NJ
MEGA-BUG
13,783 *
12,236 ft
1 1 ,886
10,628
10,250
9.049
9,019
8,535
8.313
7,973
5,991
Donald Habben, Morrison, IL
Claude Malepart, Montreal, Quebec
John Tiffany, Washington. D.C.
John Yapp, Park Forest, IL
Benjy Nicholls, Lincoln. NE
Sheri Louis. Streator, IL
Scott Little, Somers, IA
Pete McCallum, Woodburn, OR
Chizuru Gannon. Eilson AFB. AK
Christine Hoff, Decatur, IL
Shizuka Gannon, Eilson AFB, AK
the RAINBOW July 1983
SCORE PLAYER
SCORE PLAYER
SCORE PLAYER
METEORS
17,810 *
MICROBES
259,700 ft
88,120
80,400
63,570
59,330
44,750
MR. MUNCH
24,680 ft
Lenny Munitz, Bellerose, NY
Sheila Coleman, Griffin, GA
Kevin Little, Somers, IA
Ken Miller, Yardley, PA
Greg Scott & Greg Shields, Orlando, FL
Cathie Habben, Morrison, IL
Daniel Milbrath, Ann Arbor, Ml
Alan Mack, Penn Yan, NY
MONKEY KONG
1,028 * Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
963 ft Mark Dowling, San Bruno, CA
MONSTER MAZE
60,000 * Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
53,130 Michael Partridge, Warkworth, Ontario
30,000 ft Claude Malepart, Montreal, Quebec
9.590 John Tiffany, Washington, D.C.
NIBBLER
14,910 *
OFFENDER
965.400 *
PAC ATTACK
88,450 *
Christal Glovinsky, Staten Island, NY
Jim Baker. Florissant, MO
Matthew Brenengen, Lake Elmo, MN
Tyler Bolen, Wheaton, IL
31,635
30,650 ft Peter Niessen, Carlisle.MA
PAC-DROIDS
577,140 if Richard Cochrane, Wayne, NJ
140,300 John Yapp, Park Forest, IL
48,640 ft Murray Schechter, New York, NY
47.000
41,380
38,060
36,900
36,000
29,500
PACET-MAN
5,000 ft
3,392 *
Robert M. Russo, Marriotsville, MD
Benjy Nicholls, Lincoln. NE
Percy Butler, Canton, ME
Jack Rains, Montreal, Quebec
Wayne G. Perry, Charlottesville, VA
Richard D. Gordley, Castleton, IL
Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Norbert Berenyi. Northvale, NJ
PHANTOM SLAYER
180 ft Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
PINBALL
66,650 "fr Ken Miller, Yardley. PA
PLANET INVASION
286,075 Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
257,900 Ron Rhead, Willowdale, Ontario
221,350 John Cole, King City, Ontario
207.150 Mike Hughey, King George, VA
74.350 Benjy Nicholls, Lincoln, NE
69.500 Jeff Pyne, Port Mouton, Nova Scotia
68,650 Robert Rahmes, Silver Spring. MD
POLARIS
151,154 * Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
101,000 ft James Quadarella, Brooklyn, NY
98,500 John Cole, King City, Ontario
59,522 John Yapp, Park Forest, IL
57,500 Scot! Little, Somers. IA
49,737 Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
49,247 Ron Rhead, Willowdale, Ontario
45,541 Brad Behrendt, Vermillion, OH
POLTERGEIST
4,956 ft Mark Dowling, San Bruno, CA
4,745 Bette Munitz, Bellerose, NY
4,455 Ken Miller, Yardley, PA
POPCORN
110,570 ft Cameron Amick, Reisterstown. MD
56.000 James Quadarella, Brooklyn, NY
PROTECTORS
358,514 ft Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
154,967 Frankie Jimenez, Mesa, AZ
94,000 Gerry Schechter, Yonkers, NY
RAIL RUNNER
38,360 * Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
13,195 Lenny Munitz, Bellerose, NY
ROBOTTACK
1,197,800 if Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
939,300 Robert Kiser, Monticello. MS
702.200 Stephen Lai, Palatine, IL
527,700 Richard Slapp, Lake Elmo.MN
523,010 Steve Lewallen, Centerville, OH
358,300 Emil Hayek. State College, PA
255,800 Sam Heitz, Chicago, IL
213,870 Carol Wierzba, Southgate, Ml
SHOOTING GALLERY
28,500 if Kenneth Partridge, Warkworth, Ontario
16,370 Saul Munitz, Bellerose, NY
SHUTTLE SIMULATOR
565 ft John W. Fraysse, Dahlgren, VA
SKIING
40.10 if Fred K. Herrmann, Flemington, NJ
49.43 John Scanlan, Prairie Village, KS
52.22 Peter Johnson, Chino, CA
1:12.11 Benjy Nicholls, Lincoln, NE
1:13.13 Norbert Berenyi, Northvale. NJ
1:13.17 Donald Habben, Morrison, IL
1:13.40 Daniel Milbrath, Ann Arbor. Ml
SKY DEFENSE
6,700 ft Mike Anheluk, Fall Creek, OR
6,120 Steve Skrzyniarz, Tacoma, WA
5,200 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
SOLO POOL
103 ft John W. Fraysse, Dahlgren. VA
SPACE ASSAULT
238,580 if John Cole, King City, Ontario
157,140 David Milbrath, Ann Arbor, Ml
156,650 ft Nathan Miller, Portland, QR
135,080 Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
122,230 Robert Lightheart, Ellwood City, PA
105,000 Rodney Garner, Denton, NC
66,870 Fred K. Herrmann, Flemington, NJ
54.280 John Yapp, Park Forest, IL
36,930 Tyler Bolen, Wheaton, IL
33,100 Brian Gould, Basking Ridge, NJ
29,270 Todd Little.Somers, IA
SPACE INVADERS
62,300 ft Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
SPACE RACE
59,825 if Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
58,100 John Cole, King City, Ontario
31,525 ft Gregg Scott, Orlando, FL
4,000 Danielle Gardner, Louisville, KY
SPACE SHUTTLE
594 ft Steve Schweitzer, Sewell, NJ
511 Larry Reitz, Toledo, OH
SPACE WAR
400,190 if Mark Felps, Bedford, TX
116,000 ft Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
52,380 Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
STARBASE ATTACK
21,628 ft Mark Raphael, Englishtown, NJ
STARBLASTER
408,245 ft Mark Dowling, San Bruno, CA
325,790 Mike Anheluk, Fall Creek, OR
126,135 Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
80,001 Alan Lewis, Ridgefield, CT
STARFIRE
2,102,450 ft Dean Bouchard. Kingston, Nova Scotia
1,320,150 Joy Bailey, Lexington, NC
1,120,000 Emil Hayek, State College, PA
698,200 Robert E. Courts, Batonia, OH
618,400 Peter Stumpfi, McHenry, IL
563,200 Daniel Milbrath, Ann Arbor, Ml
STARSHIP CHAMELEON
72,600 if Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
68,500 ft Cameron Amick. Reisterstown,
64,800 David Rosicky, Pittsburgh, PA
STORM
723,335 ft
472,320
380,000
240,745
193,965
VENTURER
2,152,150 ft
1,769,400
1,526,200
803,100
344,550
ZAXXON
401,900 *
81,800 ft
78,190
74,136
65,600
57,200
MD
Chris Sweet, Harvard, MA
John Jaworski, Nashua, NH
Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Todd C. Hauschildt, Red Wing, MN
Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
Greg Scott, Orlando, FL
Todd C. Hauschildt, Red Wing, MN
Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Emil Hayek, State College, PA
Steve Skrzyniarz, Tacoma, WA
Mike Hughey. King George, VA
Matt Cox, Roseville, CA
Steve Skrzyniarz, Tacoma, WA
Rod Moore, Wellsville, OH
Debbie Purdy, Dearborn, Ml
John Scanned, Renton, WA
By Edward R. Carson
This program was written to assist all of us Little League
coaches who have spent hours after each game writing
down each players' at bats, hits, runs, etc., trying to figure
out all the averages. Well, here is a program to do it for you.
Stats will keep track of at bats, hits, runs, walks, strike
outs and batting average. For the pitchers it tracks innings
pitched, earned runs, hits, strikeouts, walks and earned run
average.
There is space for 15 players. In the pitching program
there is space for seven pitchers.
The program is easy to use and the menus are self-explan-
atory. But, you must input all players' names first or zeros
will be entered in place of the name.
As you are entering the statistics, you will hear a warning
tone as you go from one set of statistics to the next. I found
this helpful as I went through the scorebook with my head
down.
On a 16K, ECB, CLOA D "STAT" then PCLEAR 1 and
RUN.
1 am looking forward to having Stats help me this year; 1
hope it can help you, also.
The listing:
W in
9100 .
.. 118E
1020 .
. . 02B1
9370 .
.. 1339
3080 .
. 0441
9640 .
.. 14E2
3340 .
. 0623
9890 .
.. 1689
5010
07C5
10060
. . 1926
5086
0A27
10215
. 1ACF
7095 .
0C34
10370
..1C3F
8230 .
0E0E
10540
. 1DCD
8530 ..
0FFC
END .
.. 1F65
5 CLEAR 1500: CLS
10 :DIM PL$(20> ,AB$(20> ,HT*(20>
,R$(30> ,K$(20> , BB*(20> , AV(20>
12 : :
15 'LITTLE LEAGUE STATS
20 * BY ED CARSON, 3/15/83
22 :
30 CLS:PRINTTAB(8) "BASEBALL STA
TS 11
35 PRINT STRING* (32, "*")
(Mr. Carson is a chief operator and instructor for the
Tinken Company in Columbus, Ohio. He and his wife,
Marilyn, have three sons. Mr. Carson has spent the
last 16 years of his spare time coaching baseball, was
president of the Center burg Little League, and is now
secretary -treasurer of the Tri-County Babe Ruth
. ^league.) )
50 PRINT @ 102, " (1 ) INPUT PLAYERS
60 PRINT @134, " (2 ) ADD TO LIST"
70 PRINT @166, " (3) INPUT STATS"
80 PRINT @198, " (4)PRINT ALL PLAY
ERS"
90 PRINT @230, " (5)PRINT STATS"
100 PRINT@262, ■• (6) SAVE TO TAPE"
110 PRINT6294, " (7>L0AD FROM TAPE
ii
120 PRINTQ326, " (8) ADD TO STATS"
121 PRINT6358, " (9) PITCHERS
130 PRINT @427, "WHICH"
135 PRINTQ459, " (1-9) "
140 INPUT M
150 IF M<0 OR M>9 THEN 30
160 ON M GOSUB 1000,1055, 3000,4
000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000
170 GOTO 30
190 :
995 REM: INPUT PLAYERS
1000 cls:y=i
1010 CLS: PRINT @ 8, "INPUT/ADD PL
AYERS"
1020 PRINT @34, "PRESS<ENTER>WHEN
92
the RAINBOW July 1983
ELIMINATE
THE CLUTTER
THE ORGANIZER
ALBUMS TO HOLD YOUR CASSETTES
Store and organize your cassette library. The Organizer is
constructed of black vinyl with rigid molded plastic frame to
prevent crushing. Label holder welded on the spine for quick
identification of contents. Order albums filled with BASF-
DPS, C-IO tapes and get an even better deal!
Item Price
Organizer-
1 2 with Tapes
$12.95
Org^nizer-
• 1 2 without Tapes
$6.95
Organizer-
■6 with Tapes
S8.95
Organizer-
■6 without Tapes
$4.95
Shipping: $2.00 for first item. 4- $.50 for each additional item.
THE COCO-SWITCHER
A QUALITY PIECE OF HARDWARE
The CoCo Switcher allows you to hook up three peripherials
to your RS-232 jack. Connect your modem, printer and any
other RS-232 compatible peripheral to the CoCo Switcher.
Select among these peripherials at the flick of a switch on the
front of the CoCo Switcher or turn them all off. No more
scrambling around behind your computer No more risk of
harming your computer's RS-232 port. An LED on the CoCo
Switcher shows if your computer is on or off at a glance.
The CoCo Switcher is contained in a sturdy black anodized
steel box which sits firmly on rubber feet.
Dimensions: IVi' (64mm) x 4" (1 02mm) x 5 7 /s" (150mm)
$39.95 plus $2.00 shipping and handling
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE
A Division of Moreton Bay Laboratory
316 CASTILLO STREET
SANTA BARBARA
CALIFORNIA 93101
(805) 962-3127
California Residents, Add 6% Sales Tax to Orders
THE COCO-WRITER
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE'S NEW
WORD PROCESSING SYSTEM
(For the TRS-80 and TDP-100 Color Computers)
EDITING FEATURES
Pleasant green, white and black display. Full screen editing
with cursor control. All keys repeat automatically. Tne word
wrap-around eliminates split words on the screen. Edit any
ASCII file, including Basic programs. Use the calculator
functions of your computer without losing your document in
memory.
Insert, delete or type over characters.
Insert, split, delete or copy lines.
Insert, copy, move or delete blocks of text.
All insert, delete, move and copy commands are completed
virtually instantaneously. Instantaneous response to keyboard
input. Even the fastest typist is not likely to out pace the CoCo-
Writer. Find any word or character string in the document.
Memory count and status indicators show on the edit screen.
All 128 ASCII characters can be entered from the keyboard.
PRINTING FEATURES
Justify text at right or left margin. Justify text at both margins
simultaneously for a professional looking document (such as
this text) . Automatically center text for titles and letter heads.
Automatically number pages beginning at any number
between 0 and 255. Print part or all of a document. Repeat
printing of all or any portion of a document up to a 1 00 times.
Select single sheet or continuous form printing. Embedded
printer controls. Change justification, print font, and line
spacing with commands in the text which do not print in the
document. Print in upper/lower case or all capital letters.
TAPE FEATURES
Document memory space with 1 6 K: 7424 characters.
Memory space with 32K: 23,808 characters. The CoCo-
Writer has the same features on either a I6K or 32 K system
and automatically adjusts to memory upgrade. Load and save
files in ASCII or binary format. Load and edit the ASCII files
produced by other word processors. Save part or all of a
document on tape. Merge tape file into existing document in
memory.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES OF DISK VERSION
Spool printing feature allows simultaneous editing and
printing. Menu selections simply and quickly controlled with
cursor. Control I to 4 disk drives. Load and save files on disks in
any one of these drives. Split screen disk directory for all disk
input and output menus. Improved directory scrolling. File
names do not disappear off the top of the screen. Error
trapping for all disk file names. If you enter an invalid
command, the command will be terminated and the system
will report the type of error.
CoCo-Writer comes with excellent documentation. The
clearly written manual includes a table of contents and an
index. A separate, sturdy, laminated card contains a summary
of all commands for quick reference.
CASSETTE VERSION I6K OR 32K EXTENDED BASIC
$34.95
DISK VERSION ON CASSETTE I6K OR 32K
EXTENDED BASIC
$44.95
(Protect your investment' Quick and automatic casseiie load
onto disk providing a dependable disk backup.)
FINISHED"
1030 PR I NT : PR I NT "PLAYER " Y ;
1040 INPUT PL*(Y)
1045 IF LEN(PL*(Y) > >7 THEN 1046
ELSE 1050
1046 Y=YI PR I NT: PR I NT" RE< ENTER >
PLAYERS NAME USE (7) LETTERS O
NLY"
1047 FORT=1TO920:NEXT T:GOTO1030
1050 IF PL$<Y)=""GOTO 30ELSE 106
0
1055 Y=Y:GOTO 1010
1060 Y=Y+1
1070 GOTO 1030
1080 ;
1090 :
2999 REM: INPUT HITS
3000 CLS:SOUND200,5:FOR Y=l TO 1
5
3010 PRI NT" PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
3020 PRINT"ENTER HITS FOR " ; PL* (
Y) :
3030 INPUT HT*(Y>
3040 IF HT$(Y)=" " THEN 3100
3050 Y=Y+1
3060 GOTO 3020
3080 :
3099 REM: INPUT AT BATS
3100 CLS: SOUND 200,5:FORY=1 TO 1
DEALERS PLEASE WRITE FOR DISCOUNTS
THE COLOR COMPUTER PIN
ONLY $5.95 PPd
* BEAUTIFUL DETAIL
* INDIVIDUALLY BOXED
* CAST [N SOLID PEWTER
* CLUTCH BACK
* IMMEDIATE DELIVERY
* EXCELLENT GIFT FOR
MEN AND WOMEN
RAINBOW
Srnd Checfc Of money OKlpr lo
GEM £MOUNT.
MANUFAC IIJRING CO
P O Box 30
(206)365-0359 Mountlake, Terrace, WA 98043
in Canada send 14.95 to oup Canadian distributor
^ KELLY SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTORS LTD.
P.O. BO* 1 i 932 EDnOHTON. ALBERTA T5j 3L1
3110 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
3120 : PR I NT "ENTER AT BATS FOR "P
L*(Y>
3130 INPUT AB*<Y>
3140 IF AB$ < Y ) = " " THEN 3200
3150 Y=Y + 1
3160 GOTO 3120
3180 :
3199 REM: INPUT RUNS
3200 CLS: SOUND 200,5: FOR Y= 1 T
O 15
3210 PRINT 11 PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FIN
I SHED"
3220 PR I NT "ENTER RUNS FOR " PL*
<Y>
3230 INPUT R*<Y>
3240 IF R*<Y)=""THEN 3300
3250 Y=Y+1
3260 GOTO 3220
3280 :
3299 REM: INPUT STRIKE OUTS
3300 CLS: SOUND 200,5: FOR Y=l TO
15
3310 PR I NT "ENTER STRIKE OUTS FOR
"PL* (Y)
3320 INPUT K*<Y>
3330 IF K$<Y)=""THEN 3400
3340 Y=Y+1
NORTH WEST DATA
15% to 20% OFF
NOW JUST:
Donkey King
TM
$21.20
Colorpede
Int
$25.45
Astro Blast
MD
$19.96
Doodle Bug
CW
$19.96
Space Race
Sp
$18.65
Planet Invasion
Sp
$18.65
Pacdroids
PG
$15.96
Starfire
Int
$18.65
Haywire
MD
$19.96
PRINTERS
GEMINI 10
Serial Card for GEMINI
$339.95
$74.95
Special prices in our news letter
that only our customers
will know about!!
Write or call for catalog.
NORTH WEST DATA
P. O. Box 7175 Spokane, Wa. 99207-0175
(509) 489-5133
Add 5% for postage and handling
Add $3.00 for C.O.D. orders
No C.O.D. on PRINTERS
94
the RAINBOW July 1983
Complete Personal Accountant:
we've made the best
much more friendly.
If you have any doubts that we offer the best and
most complete personal financial package available,
look over the features listed below. Now we have
the only package with full screen editing for Atari
400/800f TRS-80 COLOR, Commodore 64* and
VIC-20; the ability to move the cursor in any direc-
tion makes our accountant-designed package ^
even more friendly than before. No one else
offers all of these: A
1. CHECKBOOK MAINTENANCE- ^|
automatically balances your checkbook ^^^^H
with each entry; manages checks, ^^^^^H
charges, deposits, and interest quick- ^^^KBr
ly and accurately. A ■
2. CHART OF ACCOUNTS- ^^Kf
maximum of user flexibilty with ^^^^^^^^H
up to 99 accounts plus 9 sub- ^^^^^^^^^A
categories may be defined. A
3. CHECKSEARCH-mul-
tracks items ^^^^M^^^^y
on every field including ^^Bf
tax deductibles. A
4. NET WORTH/ A «
INCOME/EXPENSE A
STATEMENT- M^^^^m
know-exactly- ft
where-you-stand ^ ^
program generates ^tj^^T
statements with the ^^^^ A
touch of a key. \ A
5. DETAIL & SUMMARY A
BUDGET ANALYSIS— an ^J^,
absolute necessity in financial i ^^^H
planning. mm
6. CHECK WRITER-prints N^Jl
personalized checks**
'Random Access available for disk. **32K only.
7. PAYMENTS/APPOINTMENTS CALENDAR-
monthly displays of up to 250 bills and 200
appointments.
8. COLOR GRAPH DESIGN PACKAGE -graphs
all monthly files.
9. MAILING LIST— maintains all records, sorts by
name or zip, allows add/change/delete.
^ 10. FRIENDLY USER MANUAL— complete
with indexing, flow charts and diagrams; the
most thorough documentation on the
^^^^ market.
^H^^ This all adds up to the finest personal
financial system available— compre-
f hensive enough for a small business.
Less than one hour of data input
X per month will allow this menu-
A driven package to help you
^Hk handle your finances with a
^^H^^ lot more fun than drudgery.
.^V^^Hk Plus,oursistheonly
^^^^k expandable system; pur
^V^^^^^ chase the package in
sections and add on
as your financial
needs grow. Fea-
I KjSI W tures1,2,3and6:
Wkm V 539.95 diskette,
$36.95 cassette; Fea-
tures 4 and 5: $29.95
^^^^Krw^^W diskette, $26.95 cassette;
^^^^Fjk^^m Features 7, 8 and 9: $29.95
^^HT^B diskette, $ 26.95 cassette; or
^^V^Hf save $19.90 or S15.90
^P^J^r respectively by buying the
W*A entire system for $79.95 dis-
YsWjm kette, $74.95 cassette.
Prices subject to change without notice. See your local dealer or order direct. New catalog available.
Add $3.00 for postage and handling. Credit card orders call toll free:
1-800-334-SOFT
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
programmer's
a division of FUTUREH0USE, INC
p.o. box 3470, dept. R, chapel hill, north Carolina 27514, 919-967-0861
3350 GOTO 3310
3360 : 1
3399 REM: INPUT WALKS
3400 CLS: SOUND 200,5: FOR Y=l TO
15
3410 PR I NT 11 PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FIN I
SHED"
3420 PRINT M ENTER WALKS FOR "PL* (
Y)
3430 INPUT BB$<Y>
3440 IF BB$ ( Y ) = " " THEN 30
3450 Y=Y+1
3460 GOTO 3420
3570 : \
3900 REM PRINT PLAYERS
4000 FOR X= 1 TO Y -1 STEP 15
4010 FOR Z=X TO X + 14
4020 PRINT Z;PL*<Z>
4030 NEXT Z
4040 NEXT X
4100 INPUT"PRESS<ENTER>TO CONTIN
UE" ;c$
4110 RETURN
4130 : \
4990 rem: print stats
5000 cls:for y=i to is: goto 5010
5005 Y=Y
5010 V=40:I$="AB HT R K B
B AV"
C a TaCoMb!
The best features of many games packed in-
to one! Avoid enemy patrols while getting
fuel for your escape from the CATACOMB!
Then travel the hyperspace corridor to your
mot her ship as you dodge space mines and
enemy ships. Hi-Res, Multi-Screen, Multi-
Color, Machine Language, Fast Action!!
16K Tape $19.95 Disk $23.95
Joystick Required
PEEK COPY **h,,
■
Copies machine language tape programs,
even most autostart! Displays start, end, ex-
ecute addresses and memory! Allows you to
change or insert machine code! The copy
program with a difference! Written in
machine language.
16K Tape $11.95
please add $2.00 for each order
postage/handling,
(extended basic not required)
Oregon Color Computer
PO Box 11468 Eugene Or 97440
5020 PRINTS8, I*
5030 y=y:let ht=val<ht$<y> ) :let
ab= val<ab$<y> )
5035 if ab=0 then ab=1
5040 AV=HT/AB*1000
5045 F=FIX (AV)
5046 LN=LEN <AB$ (Y) ) : MB=4-LN
5047 IF LEN<AB$<Y> > <>4THENAB$ < Y>
=AB$<Y)+STRING$<MB, " " )
5048 AN=LEN (HT* ( Y) ) : CB=5-AN
5049 IF LEN<HT*<Y> > 05THENHT* < Y>
=HT$ ( Y ) +STR I NG$ ( CB , " " )
5050 BN=LEN<R$<Y> ) : DB=4-BN
5051 IF LEN<R*<Y> X4THENR* < Y> =R$
(Y) +STRING$ <DB, " 11 ) ELSE 5052
5052 CN=LEN<K$<Y> > : EB=4-CN
5053 IF LEN ( K$ ( Y ) )< 4THENK$ ( Y ) =K$
<Y)+STRING$<EB, " " )
5054 EN=LEN <BB* < Y> > : DB=3-EN
5055 IF LEN<BB*<Y> X 3THENBB* < Y> =
BB$ ( Y ) +STR I NG$ ( DB , " " )
5065 PRINTPL$<Y> : PRINT6V, AB$ < Y> H
T$<Y)R*<Y>K*<Y>BB$ (Y)F
5081 Y=Y+l:lF Y=16 THEN 5100
5083 V=V+64: IF Y=60R Y=12 THEN 5
085 ELSE 5030
5085 INPUT "PRESS ENTER TO CONTIN
UE" ;c$
5086 CLS: GOTO 5005
5100 I NPUT 11 PRESS< ENTER >T0 CONTIN
UE"; C*
5110 GOTO 30
6000 CLS: PRINT® 135, "SAVE STATS O
N TAPE"
6010 PRINT6235, "REWIND TAPE"
6020 PRINT6300, "PRESS PLAY AND R
ECORD"
6030 PRINT6388, " PRESS< ENTER > WHEN
READY"
6040 INPUT C$
6050 0PEN"0",#-1, "STATS"
6060 FOR Y=1T015-1
6070 PRINT #-l,PL*<Y>,AB*<Y>,HT*
<Y> ,R*<Y> ,K$<Y> ,BB$<Y> , F
6080 NEXT Y
6090 CLOSE#-l: RETURN
7000 CLS: PRINT© 136, "LOAD STATS F
ROM TAPE"
7010 PRINT6235, "REWIND TAPE"
7020 PRINT@300, "PRESS PLAY"
7030 PRINT@388, "PRESS< ENTER >WHEN
READY"
7040 INPUT C$
7050 OPEN" I ",#-1, "STATS"
7060 Y=l
7070 IF EOF(-l) THEN 7097
7080 INPUT #-l,PL*<Y>, AB$<Y),HT
*<Y> ,R$<Y> ,K$<Y> ,BB*<Y> , F
7095 Y=Y+1
96 the RAINBOW July 1983
Your largest single source of programs and products for the COLOR COMPUTER / TDP 100
THE GEMINI-10
AN ASTRONOMICAL ARRAY
OF FEATURES
FOR A DOWN-TO-EARTH PRICE
SAVE $80.00
Our incredible Gemini-10 package - a
PRINTING SYSTEM ready to plug in to
your Color Computer NOTHING MORE
TO BUY. Includes serial to parallel
converter, graphic screen print software,
deluxe user manual, and 5 minute setup
instructions! A $479.00 value. Complete
package ONLY $399*.
Parallel printer only, $319/ Order yours
today!
GEMINI-10
DOT MATRIX PRINTER
MORE QUALITY: 100 cps • thruput time of 48 Ipm • high resolution
(120x144) bit image & block (6x6) graphics • extra fast forms feed
MORE FLEXIBILITY: super/subscript • underlining • backspacing
• double strike mode • emphasized print mode • 2.3K buffer
• compatible with most software supporting leading printers • 10"
carriage • 15" carriage Gemini-15 available
MORE RELIABILITY: 180 day warranty (90 days for head & ribbon)
• mtbf rate of more than 5 million lines • print head life of more
than 100 million characters
THE POWER BEHIND THE PRINTED WORD
SAVE $130.00!!!
The perfect business
printer at the perfect
price!
Wide 15" carriage
handles any accounting
report or spreadsheet
assignment. Same great
features as Gemini-10.
Complete package as
described above. A
$729.00 value for
ONLY $599.*
Printer only, $519/
icronics'inc
'0
pi Mil ii in iimii ii
'i mi
'. 'i 1
SKYLINE 64K Memory Upgrade Kits
8 guaranteed 200 n.s, 64K memory chips, solderless installation instructions,
Skyline's 64K BOOT and PAGER progams (a $19.95 value). All for the super
low price of $59.00! Order yours today!
ORDERING
INFORMATION
ALL ITEMS SHIPPED
FROM STOCK
Phone orders
may be placed at:
(312) 260-0929
(Our voice line),
or with your
computer at:
(312) 260-0640
(Our MODEM line)
C.O.D. orders gladly accepted,
$2.00 additional.
Mail orders
and requests for catalogs
should be sent to:
SOFT CITY
442 Sunnyside
Wheaton, IL
60187
*10 shipping & handling fee on
all printers.
VISA
MasterCard
Ji/l TOM MIX SOFTWARE
* « F0R the COLOR COMPUTER & TDP 100 • 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 (616) 364-4791*
"THE FROG"
(C) 1983
SPACE
SHUTTLE
1983
32K Ext. Basic
*** ARCADE ACTION***
This one will give you
hours of exciting play. . .
Cross the busy highway
to the safety of the me-
dian and rest awhile
before you set out across
thes swollen river team-
ing with hidden hazards.
Outstanding sound and
graphics.
16K MACHINE LANGUAGE
$27.95 TAPE
$30.95 DISK
$28.95
TAPE
ONLY
This program gives you the real
feeling of flight. Full instrumenta-
tion complete to the max. Actual
simulation of space flight. 32K
Ext. Basic
THE
KING
1982
32K Machine Language
$26.95 tape
$29.95 disk
ARCADE ACTION ■ How high can you climb? Four full graphic
screens. Exciting Sound - Realistic graphics. Never before has
the color computer seen a game like this. Early reviews say:
Just like the arcade - Simply outstanding!
"YAAZEE"
(C) 1983
$19.95
16K MACHINE LANGUAGE
EXT. BASIC
"TRAPFALL"
By KEN KALISH
(C) 1 983
** 'ARCADE ACTION***
The "Pitfalls" in this
game are many. Hidden
treasures, jump over the
pits, swing on the vine,
watch out for alligators,
beware of the scorpion.
Another game for the
Color Computer with the
same high resolution
graphics as "The King."
16K MACHINE LANGUAGE
TAPE $27.95
DISK $30.95
Yaazee is a 2 player game using five dice to get the
best poker hand. After game is loaded flashing
digit below player number determines which
player rolls dice at the start of the game.
PROTECTORS
Exciting fast paced arcade
game that looks and plays like
the popular arcade game
"DEFENDER",
Wave after wave of enemy
fighters drop bombs on your
city. Destroy them before they
destroy your city. Soon the
mother ships appear firing laser blasts at you. Watch for the
heat seeking mines.
$24.95 TAPE $27.95 DISK 32K MACHINE CODE
COLOR GOLF
Now sit at your computer and play
nine or eighteen holes. Outstanding
graphics in the fairway or on the
green. Helps your game.
32K EXTENDED BASIC $17.95
ADD $1.00 POSTAGE & HANDLING
MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4% SALES TAX
KATERPILLAR
ATT AC K
Outstanding graphics and sound will
end all of those trips to the arcade. So
much like the arcade you have to see it
to believe it. Requires Ext. Basic.
16K MACHINE LANGUAGE $21.95
DISK $24.95
OTHER GREAT GAMES
ALL PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K
BIRD ATTACK-A fast paced machine language arcade game.
Shoot the birdmen before they descend upon you. Watch out
for their bombs! 16K Machine Language $21.95
MAZE RACE- Maze race is a one or two player game. Play either
against the built in timer or against your favorite opponent. 16K
Machine Code $17.95
SOLO POOL-Now play pool with your color computer. Two
players. Plays like machine language. Super color. High resolu-
tion graphics. 16K Ext. Basic $17.95
ADVENTURES
TREK-16-Travel thru space with Spock and Capt. Kirk. Adven-
ture. Tough! Ext. Basic. $17.95
SHIPWRECK-Escape from a desert isle if you can. Great
Adventure! Ext. Basic. $14 95
ESCAPE FROM SPECTRE (Graphic Ad venture)- You are a
secret agent for British Intelligence sent on a mission to obtain
the secret nerve gas formula being developed by S.P.E.C.T.R.E.
to destroy the world. 16K Ext. Basic $17.95
Call our BBS Number 616-364-6217 24 Hours a Day
> TOP ROYALTIES PAID
LOOKING FOR NEW SOFTWARE
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
•FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER & TDP 100 • 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 (616) 364-4791*
UTILITIES
COLOR MONITOR-Written in position independent code. (May
be located in any free memory). Very compact. Only occupies
1174 bytes of memory. Full Featured. Includes Break-Pointing
of machine language programs, register display and modify,
memory display and modify, and block memory move com-
mands. Displays memory in hex and ascii format on one line 8
bytes long. MACHINE LANGUAGE $24.95
ROMThis program is a utility that will move "most" 8K Rom-
Packs to disk and allow you to run them from disk. Easy to use.
Requires 64K. $17.95
SCREEN PRINT ROUTINE-Using your Epson or Microline
Printer. Print the screen contents on a full size8V2 x 11 sheet.
16K Ext. Basic $17.95
TAPE DUPE Now — an all new Tape Backup Program. Even
copies those hard to copy Auto-Execute Programs. Protect
your software by making a backup copy. Probably the finest
tape copier program ever. 16K Maching Language. TAPE $21.95
DISK $25.95
DISK TO TAPE-, Dump the contents of most disk, to tape
automatically. Machine Language. $17.95
TAPE TO DISK - Load the contents of most tapes to disk
automatically. Machine Language. $17.95
MAIL LIST-Maintain a complete mailing list with phone
numbers etc. Ext. Basic. DISK BASED $17.95
THE FIXER-Having trouble moving those 600 Hex progams to
disk? The fixer will help. Completely automatic. $17.95
TAPE CAT-AII new machine language program lists contents of
tapes to printer. Make a catalog of your tapes. $17.95
PROGRAM PRINTER UTILITY-Thls program will list basic pro-
grams to your printer in two column format. Saves paper and
makes your listing look professional. Disk based. $17.95
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE For The Color Computer and TDP 100
STORY PROBLEMS is a program that is designed to give practice in
solving STORY PROBLEMS (sometimes called STATEMENT, THOUGHT
or WORD PROBLEMS) on the COLOR COMPUTER. It is suitable for use
in either a home or school environment. It is also a tool that will allow
you to create newstory problems to suit your children's needs and abili-
ty levels. It has many features that make it particularly attractive: Story
problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division or a
combination of the four are presented to the student by slowly scrolling
each letter of each problem onto the screen. Up to 5 students may use
the program at the same time. There are 4, user modlfiabale, skill levels.
1 6K Ext. Basic TAPE $19.95
CLOCK-With the ever increasing use of digital clocks, more and more
young people are unpracticed in the use of the "ANALOG" clocks. You
remember those, the ones with the hands. This programi will attempt to
teach the relationship between the two types of clocks.
REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $14.95
SPELLING TEST is designed to give a standard oral spelling test using
the audio track of the computer's tape recorder to dictate test words and
sample sentences. Student responses are typed on the keyboard and
checked by the computer. Results are displayed on the screen and (if
connected) on a printer. REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $19.95
MATH DRILL is a program designed to help children to practice addi-
tion, subtraction, multlpiFcatton.and division skills on the COLOR COM-
PUTER. It has several features that make its use particularly attractive.
• Up to 6 students may use the program at the same time.
•Answers for addition, subtraction and multiplication are entered
from right to left, just as they are written on paper.
•Commas may be included in the answers.
• Partial products for the multiplication problems may be com-
puted on the screen.
•Division answers that have a remainder are entered as a whole
number followed by the letter "R" and the remainder.
•There are ten, user modifiable, skill levels.
•A "SMILEY FACE" is used for motivation and reward. Its size in-
creases relative to the skill level.
•Skill levels automatically adjust to the student's ability.
•A timer measures the time used to answer each problem and the
total time used for a series of problems.
•After a problem has been answered incorrectly the correct answer
appears under (above in division) the incorrect answer.
REQUIRES 16K EXT BASIC $19.95
WORD DRILL is designed to give a multiple choice vocabulary quiz.
Words and definitions are entered into the program from the keyboard or
from a tape file. The computer displays a randomly chosen definition
and eight word choices. Jn& student must enter his response before a
built in timer reaches zero.
REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $19.95
SEARCH- A-WORD This Program generates a word search puzzle to your
specifications. You specify the size of the puzzle and the number of
words that it is to hide within the puzzle. 16K or 32K Ext. Basic.
TAPE $17.95 FLEX VERSION $27.95
EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE - SPELLING TEST -
WORD DRILL — MATH DRILL - ESTIMATE —
ALL FOR - $69.95
ESTIMATE is a program designed to help children to practice estimating
the answers to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
problems on the COLOR COMPUTER. It has many features that make its
use particularly attractive:
• Up to 5 students may use the program at the same time.
•There are 5, user modifiable, skill levels.
•The acceptable percent error may be changed as a student's skill
improves.
•A timer measures the number of seconds used to answer each
problem and the total time used for a series of problems.
•If a problem has been answered incorrectly, the student Is told the
percent error and asked to try again.
•If a problem is answered incorrectly a second time, the student Is
told the correct answer and the range of acceptable answers is
displayed.
•A report is given at the end of each set of problems that Includes the
number of problems done, the number of problems answered cor-
rectly on the first try and the averac© percent error.
•The (BREAK) key has been cSfsablgd so that a child will not in-
advertently stop the program from running.
16K EXT. BASIC $19.95
TEACHERS' DATABASE is a program designed to allow a teacher to
keep a computerized file of information about his/her students. There
are many features that make this program particularly attractive.
• Information on as many as 100 students (or more) may be In the
computer at one time.
• Each student may have as many as 20 (or more) individual
items of data in his/her record.
• The program will run from cassette or disk.
• Cassette and disk files are completely compatable.
• The program Is menu driven.
• Records may be easily changed, deleted, combined or
added.
• information about students may be numerical or text.
• Records may be quickly alphabetized.
• Records may be sorted by various criteria.
• Records may be reordered (ranked) loased on test scores or
other data.
• Data displayed during a sort may be printed on a printer or
saved on disk or cassette as a new file.
• A full statistical analysis of data may be done and sent to the
printer.
• Student test scores may be weighted. 32K EXT BASIC TAPE $39.95
VISA
DISC $42.95
Call our BBS Number 616-364-8217 24 Hours a Day
• ADD $1.00 POSTAGE & HANDLING • TOP ROYALTIES PAID •
MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4% SALES TAX • LOOKING FOR NEW SOFTWARE
7096 GOTO 7070
7097 CLOSE*- l: RETURN
7200 :
7900 REM: ADD STATS
S000 CLS: SOUND 1,5: FOR Y=l TO 15
8010 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8100
8020 PRINT PL*(Y)"S"" HITS THIS
GAME"
8030 INPUT H2:
8040 HT=VAL < HT* ( Y ) )
8050 HT*(Y)=STR*<HT+H2)
8060 Y=Y+l: GOTO 8010
8080 :
8090 : rem: add at bats
8100 S0UND1,5:F0R Y=l TO 15
8110 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8200
8120 PRINT PL*(Y)"S"" AT BATS TH
IS GAME"
8130 INPUT H3:
8140 AB=VAL(AB*(Y) )
8150 AB*(Y)=STR*(AB+H3)
8160 Y=Y+l: GOTO 8110
8180 :
8190 : REM: ADD RUNS
8200 SOUND 1,5: FOR Y=l TO 15
8210 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8300
8220 PRINT PL*(Y)"S"" RUNS THIS
GAME"
8230 INPUT R2:
8240 R=VAL(R*(Y) )
8250 R*(Y)=STR*(R+R2)
8260 Y=Y+l: GOTO 8210
8280 :
8290 : REM: ADD STRIKE OUTS
8300 SOUND 1,5: FOR Y=l TO 15
8310 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8400
8320 PRINT PL*(Y)"S ""STRIKE OUT
S THIS GAME"
8330 INPUT K2:
8340 K=VAL(K*(Y)>
8350 K*(Y)=STR*(K+K2)
8360 Y=Y+l: GOTO 8310
8380 :
8390 : REM: ADD WALKS
8400 S0UND1,5:F0R Y=l TO 15
8410 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8500
8420 PRINT PL*(Y)"S"" WALKS THIS
GAME "
8430 INPUT B2:
8440 B=VAL ( BB* ( Y ) >
8450 BB*(Y)=STR*(B2+B)
8460 Y=Y+l:GOTO 8410
8480 :
8490 : REM NEW AVERAGES
8500 FOR Y= 1 TO 15
8510 CLS: IF Y= 16 THEN30
8530 LET HT=VAL ( HT* ( Y ) ) : LET AB=V
AL(AB*(Y) )
COLOR COMPUTER <and TDP-lOO OWNERS ■ ! ■
DO YOU HAVE A 32K SYSTEM WITH 64K MEMORY CHIPS?? ARE YOU STILL BEING TOLD YOU CM ONLY USE 32K FROM BASIC??
DON'T BELIEUE IT! - KEY COLOR SOFTWARE brinqs you the KEY-264K. An exciting NEW SOFTMRE utility that allows any
STANDARD 32K COLOR COMPUTER TO ACCESS 64K R*S FROM BASIC, and with NO HARC&RE MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED! ! I
The KEY-264K divides the 64K ram memory into two 32K banks or sides, each of which can be utilized independently
by the BASIC interpreter, with the ability to switch instantly from one side to the other. IT'S LIKE HAVING TWO
COMPUTERS IN ONE!! Have your BASIC program on one side and keep your variables on the other side, or have your
main program on one side and your subroutines on the other side, or have your program on one side and use tne
other side for 4 additional HI-RES pages y or any combination you like. The possibilities are endless because the
KEY-264K allows full communication between sides plus the ability to switch back and forth at will, all from
within BASIC. You could also have different programs in each side and switch back and forth between them using
simple keystrokes, even while the urograms are running!! Or run them both at the sane time in the
F C^ESROUND/EAC-KGROlJtsll> MULTI-TASKING mode. Don't buy that printer buffer yet! With the KEY-264K you can be printing
in the background side while utilizing your computer normally in the foreground side AT THE SAME TIME!!! Debugging
a program? Use either a BASIC commanJ or simple keystrokes to instantly duplicate- your progran, in it's present
status, onto the opposite side. Switch to the opposite side later and pick up exactly where you were before!
For USK users, the KEY-264K allows you to alternate between DISK and EXTENDED BASIC on the sane side with simple
nt^LSk? 5 " No need t0 pul1 y° ur controller or power down. You can be in EXTENDED BASIC on one side and in
DISK BASIC on the other side and still switch back and forth and have full cownuni cat ions between the two sides.
The KEY-264K does all this and MORE thru extensions to the BASIC interpreter, No need to learn a new laflguaqe'ii
IHaIMA .ftS.ffil" 26 * adds 15 NEW C£MiANDS and 1 function to BASIC, including powerful new BLO K MEMORY MOVE and
GRAPHICS VIEWING commands,
NOTHING ELSE LIKE IT - YOU VE TO SEE IT TO BELIEVE JT !!!!!!
T ^ e u K II^5^ w P,liLy y J,?L?V5tems with B E", *F" or even modified "D" boards and requires EXTENDED or DISK BASIC
with GOOD 64K MEMORY CHIPS! Systems with piggy-back. 32K or half-good 64K memory chips WILL NOT WORK!!!
ORDER YOUR KEY-264K CASSETTE TODAY by sending check or money order for $39.95 plus $2.00 shipping and handling
(Mass. residents add Sf sales tax) to:
KEY COLOR SOFTWARE
P.O. BOX 360
HARVARD MA. 01451
100 the RAINBOW July 1983
8535 IF AB=0THEN AB=1
8540 AV=HT/AB*1000
8550 GOTO 30
8900 CLEAR 500
9000 CLS
9006 PR I NTTAB (9) "PITCHING STATS "
9007 PRINT STRING* (32, "*")
9010 PRINTTAB (7) "WHICH DO YOU W
ANT"
9015 PRINT STRING* (32, "-")
9020 PRINTTAB (8) "(1) LIST PITCH
ERS"
9030 PRINTTAB (8) "(2) ADD TO LIS
T"
9040 PRINTTAB (8) "(3) INPUT STAT
S"
9050 PRINTTAB (8) "(4) PRINT STAT
S"
9060 PRINTTAB (8) " (5) ADD TO STAT
S"
9070 PRINTTAB (8) "(6) SAVE TO TA
ll
9080 PRINTTAB (8) "(7) LOAD FROM
TAPE"
9085 PRINTTAB (8) "(8) RETURN TO
MENU
9090 PRINTTAB (13) "(1-7) ?"
9100 INPUT W
9110 ON W GOSUB 9190,9200,9310,9
820, 10000, 10500, 10600,30
9120 IF W*=""THEN 9110
9130 :
9160 REM: INPUT PITCHERS
9180 :
9190 CLS:FORY=lTO 7
9200 Y=YICLS
9210 PRINTTAB (11) "INPUT PITCHERS
II
9220 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER>WHEN FIN I
SHED "
9230 PR I NT "PITCHER" Y,*
9240 INPUT PT*(Y)
9250 IF PT*(Y)="" THEN 9000
9260 Y=Y+1
9270 GOTO 9230
9290 :
9300 REM: INPUT STATS
9310 CLS:F0RY=1T07
9320 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9330 PRINT: PRINT"HITS GIVEN UP B
Y "PT*(Y)
9340 INPUT HG*(Y)
9350 IF HG*(Y)="" THEN 9410
9360 Y=Y+1
9370 GOTO 9330
DATABASE / MAILER - 'CC-DBM'
LETTER WRITER - 'CC - LW
introductory offer - FREE! CC-LW
$49.95
$39.95
with the
purchase of
CC-DBM
Database/ Mailer "CC - DBM"
16K or 32K
• Simple to use even for the novice
• Active Main Menu guides user to valid operations.
• 32K disk (or tape) allows 59. (61) to 338, (351) records.
• 16K disk (or tape) allows 1 2, (1 5) to 72, (86) records.
• 4 to 10 fields, 5 to 27 widths, 20 to 270 char /record.
• All user definable with default values for ease of use.
• Automatic memory sense adjusts to the size of your system.
• Fast Basic sort byany field with "Percent Sorted" display.
• Automatically adjusts for empty address lines - no gaps.
• Print up to 9 line labels on envelopes or mailing labels.
• Optional special printer codes for customized labels.
• Master printout with 2 column format including field name.
• Automatically prints header with date, paging and filename.
• Works with any printer, use friction or tractor feed.
• Selective printing by any field or field range.
• Optional multiple copies of mailing labels.
• Single screen 10 record display by user defined field.
• Single key entry provides hard copy of screen data.
• Comprehensive 25 page users manual with flow diagrams.
• Includes detailed instructions for user modification.
• Compatible with CC-LW for mail-merge, form letters, etc.
Letter Writer "CC - LW "
16K or 32K
• Much easier to use than a 'word processor.
• Allows fast single page letter writing.
• Embedded commands for centering, multiple line skip,
tabbing and optional indent new paragraph.
• 16K or 32K tape or disk.
• Edit mode allows you to delete or insert text.
it Uses CC-DBM data files for form letter capability.
• Works with any printer and standard paper.
• Excellent users manual.
CC-DBM 16K, 32K disk or tape
CC-LW 1 6K, 32K disk or tape
PLEASE SPECIFY TAPE OR DISK -
$49.95
$39.95
RAINBOW
<f.flip<JiOa
To order, send check or money order to:
EVS Engineering
9528 Suite 35, Miramar Road
San Diego, CA 92126
Or check your local software dealer. For questions, credit card
orders, call (619) 695-1385 or (619) 566-6013 on weekdays
8 A.M. to 4 P.M. PST. We will be glad to help.
Dealer inquiries invited.
California residents please add sales tax - 6%.
Allow 2 weeks for personal checks.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 101
9390 :
9400 : REM: INNINGS PITCHED
9410 CLS:F0RY=1T07
9420 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9430 PRINT "INNINGS PITCHED FOR "
;PT*(Y)
9440 INPUT IP*(Y)
9450 IF IP*(Y)=""THEN 9520
9460 Y=Y+1
9470 GOTO 9430
9500 :
9510 REM: STRIKE OUTS
9520 CLS:F0RY=1T07
9530 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9540 PR I NT "STRIKE OUTS FOR "PT*<
Y)
9550 INPUT SO*(Y)
9560 IF SO*(Y>=""THEN 9620
9570 Y=Y+1
9580 GOTO 9540
9600 :
9610 REM: WALKS
9620 CLS:F0RY=1T07
9630 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED "
9640 PR I NT "WALKS GIVEN UP BY "PT
*(Y)
[
Including SEMIGRAPHIC-8 EDITOR
+ UTILITIES
—Disk and Tape utilities
-Boot -from disk or tape
—Graphics and Sound commands
—Printer commands
—Auto-repeat and Control keys
-Fast task multiplexing
-Unique TRACE function in kernal
-Clean INTERRUPT handling
in HIGH-LEVEL FORTH
-CPU CARRY FLAG accessible
-Game of LIFE demo
-ULTRA FAST: written in assembler
-Directions included for
installing optional ROM in
disk controller or cartridge
-Free Basic game "RATMAZE"
FORTH
H OYT S
OYT OTEARNS ELECTRONICS
4131 E.CANNON DR PHOENIX. ARIZONA 85028
602-996-1717
9650 INPUT W*(Y)
9660 IF W*(Y)=""THEN 9720
9670 Y=Y+1
9680 BOTO 9640
9700 :
9710 REM: EARNED RUNS
9720 CLS:FORY=lT07
9730 PR INT "PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9740 PR I NT "EARNED RUNS ALLOWED B
Y "PT*<Y>
9750 INPUT ER*(Y)
9760 IF ER*<Y>="" THEN 9000
9770 Y=Y+1
9780 GOTO 9740
9800 :
9810 : REM: PRINT STATS
9820 CLS: FOR Y=l TO 7
9830 PR I NTS 10, "HT":PRINT@13, "IP"
9840 PRINTS17, "K" : PRINTS20, "BB "
9850 PR I NTS24 , " R " : PR I NTS27 , " ERA "
9860 LET ER=VAL<ER*<Y> >
9870 LETIP=VAL<IP*<Y> >
9880 I FER=0THENEV=0
9881 IF ER=0THEN 9897
9890 EV=ER/IP*7
9891 IF LEN(HG*(Y> X3THENHG* < Y> =
HS*(Y)+" ":GOT09891
9892 IFLEN<IP*<Y> X4THENIP* ( Y) =1
P*(Y)+" ":GOT0 9892
9893 I FLEN ( SO* ( Y ) X 3THENS0* ( Y ) =S
0*<Y>+" " :GOT0 9893
9894 IFLEN(W*(Y) X4THENW* < Y> =W* <
Y)+" ":G0T09894
9895 I FLEN ( ER* ( Y ) X 3THENER* ( Y ) =E
R*<Y>+" ":GOTO 9895
9896 IF LEN(PT*(Y) X8THENPT* ( Y) =
PT*(Y)+" ":GOTO 9896
9897 EV*=STR*<EV>
9898 IF LEN<EV*<Y> X5THENEV* < Y> =
EV*(Y)+" ":GOT09898
9900 PRINT PT*<Y>TAB(10>HG*<Y> I
P*<Y> SO*<Y> W*<Y> ER* ( Y) EV
9910 Y=Y+1
9920 IF Y=8 THEN 9930 ELSE 9860
9930 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >TO CONTIN
UE": INPUT C*
9940 GOTO 9000
9960 :
9970 : REM: ADD STATS
10000 CLS: FOR Y=l TO 7
10010 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10070
10020 PR I NTTAB ( 7 ) " ADD TO PITCHIN
G STATS"
10030 PRINT: PRINT PT*(Y) ,, S"
10035 PR I NT : PR I NT " I NN I NGS PITCHE
D THIS GAME"
10040 INPUT 12: IP=VAL(IP*(Y) )
10050 IP*(Y)=STR*(IP+I2)
10060 Y=Y+l:G0TO 10010
102
the RAINBOW July 1983
SELECTED SOFTWARE
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
All programs are in 1 6K machine language unless noted.
$21.95
$21.95
MARK DATA PRODUCTS
SPACE RAIDERS New Invader-type game. $24.95
Super Hi-Res Graphics and Sound. You'll love it.
ASTRO BLAST Excellent space shooting $24.95
game. Super Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
COLOR HAYWIRE Classic arcade game, $ 1 9.95
rated A+ by Color Computer magazines.
SPECTRAL ASSOCIATES
ANDROID ATTACK Excellent berserk type $21 .95
game. Comes with 16K and 32K. 32K version
will talk.
MS. GOBBLER (32K) Outstanding Pa.c Man-
type game with 4 different mazes and 1 6 skill
levels.
WHIRLYBIRD RUN Pilot a chopper over a
varying terrain while dropping bombs and firing
missiles to destroy enemy bases, ships and
missiles.
GALAX ATTAX Protect your base by
shooting alien fighter in formation. Excellent
Graphics and Sound.
SPACE RACE Maneuver yourself in space
but alien ships appear and must be destroyed.
Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
PLANET INVASION Excellent Defender-type
game. Highest-Res Graphics and Sound.
DEFENSE Defend your spaceships from
enemy laser beams.
SPACE WAR You must break through the
enemy fighters and the defenses of Death Star.
Super fast.
SPACE INVADERS Fast action Invader
game. Excellent Graphics and Sound.
GHOST GOBBLER Highly rated Pac Man-
type game. 1 6 skill levels and lots of action.
KEYS OF THE WIZARD Super adventure
game! Great sound! You never play the same
twice.
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
DONKEY KING (32K) Just Outstanding!
KATERPILLAR Excellent Centipede-type
game. Highly rated by Color Computer
magazines!
WAR KINGS Battle to save your castle and
king. Hi-Res Graphics with Outstanding Sound.
PROTECTORS (32K) Excellent Graphics and
Sound.
MED SYSTEMS
INVADER S REVENGE You are the last sur-
vived space invader. You must revenge!
PHANTOM SLAYER Enter the deadly cata-
combs and destroy the phantoms, 3-D Graphics.
INTELLECTRONICS
DUNKEY MUNKEY (32K) Absolutely excel-
lent Donkey Kong-type game. You'll love it!
STAR FIRE One of the best Defender-type
game. Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
INTRACOLOR
COLORPEDE Just like the arcade.
ROBOTTACK Just like the arcade.
$21.95
$21.95
$21.95
$21.95
$21.95
$17.95
$19.95
$19.95
$24.95
$24.95
$19.95
$24.95
$19.95
$19.95
$21.95
$19.95
THE PROGRAMMER'S GUILD
PACDROIDS The most challenging Pac Man-
type. Super Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
CHROMATIC SOFTWARE
THE SPIDER Travel the channels destroying
the spiders before they get you. Super action.
Excellent Graphics and Sound.
$29.95
$24.95
$19.95
$19.95
$39.95
$34.95
$21.95
$19.95
$24.95
DATA SOFT
Top Notch Games
ZAXXON (32K) Maneuver your ship through a
battlefield of state-of-the-art missiles, anti-aircraft
tanks and enemy planes. Survive all that and
you'll meet the deadly ZAXXON Robot!
MOON SHUTTLE Pilot your moon shuttle
through outerspace avoiding man-o-wars,
meteors, bomb launchers and expandos to meet
the prince of darkness. But watch out for his
darkest side.
COMPUTERWARE
DOODLE BUG Just like ladybug in the
arcade.
THE CORNSOFT GROUP
FROGGER Just like the arcade.
ELITE SOFTWARE
ZAKSUND (32K) Fly your spaceship through
enemy star bases. Avoid guided missiles, lasers
and firing turrets. Can you reach their leader?
SOFT SECTOR MARKETING
MASTER CONTROL II Comes with plastic
keyboard overlay and complete easy to
understand manual.
COLOR GRAPHIC EDITOR This program
permits the creation of graphic pictures on the
screen that can be saved to disk for later use.
Requires extended BASIC or DISK BASIC.
COLOR BONANZA 50 programs on 6
cassettes stored in an attractive package. Some
require extended BASIC.
SUGAR SOFTWARE
Extended BASIC Programs
TIMS Excellent personal database management
system.
GALACTIC-HANGMAN Top-rated Hang
man game. Can you find a better one?
NELSON SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
SUPER COLOR WRITER II Version 3.0.
64K Compatible Tape $69.95
Rompak $89.95
SUPER COLOR TERMINAL Version 3.0.
64K Compatible Tape $49.95
Rompak $59.95
$19.95
$19.95
$39.95
$24.95
$14.95
UPGRADE YOUR COLOR COMPUTER!
Complete solderless kits with easy-to-follow instructions
4K-16K $15.95
4K-32K $49.95
16K-32K $34.95
64K CHIP SET
Eight 41 64-200 NS Prime ICs $54.95
Note: All ICs used in our kits are first quality
200NS Prime Chips and carry one full year warranty.
* Requires Joystick ** Joystick Optional
ORDER 2 ITEMS AND GET 1 0% OFF!
We pay postage on all orders in the United States
and Canada. Overseas please add $3.00
We accept check or money order.
U.S. funds only for foreign orders.
Send to: g ELECTED SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 32228, Fridley, MN 55421
(MN Residents add sales tax.)
10070 INPUT "PRESS ENTER TO CONTI
NUE" ; 6$
10075 ON 6 SOTO 10110
10080 SOTO 10110
10090 : REM: ADD HITS
10100 :
10110 CLS:FOR Y=l TO 7
10112 CLS:IF Y=8 THEN 10160
10115 PRINT PT*(Y)
10120 PRINT:PRINT"HITS SIVEN UP
THIS SAME"
10130 INPUT H2:HT=VAL(HS*(Y) )
10140 HG*(Y)=STR*(H2+HT)
10150 Y=Y+l:IF Y=8 THEN 10160 EL
SE 10112
10160 INPUT"PRESS<ENTER>TO CONTI
NUE"; 6*
10165 SOTO 10200
10190 :
10195 : REM ADD STRIKE OUTS
10200 CLS: FOR Y=l TO 7
10205 CLS: IF Y=8THEN 10260
10207 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10250
10210 PRINT PT*(Y)
10215 PRINT: PRINT"STRIKE OUTS TH
IS SAME"
1 0220 I NPUT S2 : LETSO=VAL ( SO* ( Y ) >
10230 S0«(Y)=STR*(S2+S0)
10240 Y=Y+l:IFY=8 THEN 10250 ELS
E 10205
10250 I NPUT "PRESS< ENTER >TO CONTI
NUE " ; S*
10260 SOTO 10300
10280 : REM: ADD WALKS
10300 CLS: FOR Y=l TO 7
10305 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10370
10307 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10360
10310 PRINT PT*(Y)
10320 PRINT: PR I NT "WALKS SIVEN UP
THIS SAME "
10330 INPUT W2ILET W=VAL(W*(Y>)
10340 W*(Y)=STR*(W2+W)
10350 Y=Y+l:IFY=8 THEN 10360 ELS
E 10305
10360 I NPUT "PRESS< ENTER >TO CONTI
NUE";S«
10370 GOTO 10400
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*********************************
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*** BASIC Compiler ***
Now everyone can have a compiler for their Color Computer.
Haximwe the capabilities of your computer by converting
BASIC programs to machine language.
Specifications :
Integer compiler * strings, ZD arrays .DATA ,P»C0E .PCOPY .
IBSHFT. RESTORE and more
Fast M.L. code produces relocatable, EXECutable 6809 code
Automatically links main program with a library of assembly
language subroutines
Produces code smaller, and 50x faster than origlonal BASIC
Allows the use of entire 64k RAX * entire 32k ROM !
CLOADH from tape and EXECute "In Hemory" - NO DISK NEEDED !
Uses Color Basic syntax, No Extended Color Basic needed !
Versions available for 16.32 or 64k RAH systems - tpecify
* Introductory offer - Now only 134.95
Send check or
money order.
No C.O.D.
Utah residents
add SI tax.
Uasatchwate
PO Box 510371
SLC.Utah
84151-0371
10380 :
10390 : REM: ADD EARNED RUNS
10400 CLS: FOR Y=l TO 8
10405 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10470
10410 PRINT PT*(Y)
10420 PRINT: PR I NT "EARNED RUNS TH
IS SAME"
10430 INPUT E2:ER=VAL(ER*(Y) >
1 0440 ER* ( Y ) =STR* ( E2+ER )
10450 Y=Y+l:IFY=8 THEN 10460 ELS
E 10405
10460 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >TO CONTI
NUE"
10470 SOTO 9000
10495 : REM: SAVE TO TAPE
10496 :
10500 CLS: PRINT @135, "SAVE ITEM
S ON TAPE"
10510 PRINTS234, "POSITION TAPE"
10520 PRINTS294, "PRESS PLAY AND
RECORD"
10530 PRINTS388, "PRESS< ENTER >WHE
N READY"
10540 INPUT Q*
10550 OPEN "0",#-l, "STATS"
10560 FOR Y=l TO 8-1
10570 PRINT#-1,PT*(Y) ,HS*(Y) , IP*
<Y) ,SO*(Y) ,W*(Y) ,ER«(Y) ,EV(Y)
10580 NEXT Y
10590 CLOSE #-l: SOTO 9000
10593 :
10594 : REM: LOAD FROM TAPE
10600 CLS: PRINT@235, "REWIND TAP
E"
10610 PRINT@300, "PRESS PLAY"
1 0620 PR I NTS388 , " PRESS< ENTER >WHE
N READY"
10630 INPUT Q*
II
II
-1 . "STATS"
10640 OPEN
10650 Y=l
10660 IF EOF(-l) THEN 10695
10670 INPUT #-l,PT*(Y) ,HT*(Y) , IP
*(Y) ,SO* (Y) , W*(Y) ,ER*(Y) ,EV(Y)
10680 PRINT PT*(Y)
10685 Y=Y+1
10690 SOTO 10660
10695 CLOSE #-l: SOTO 9000
******************** ** *******************
Formerly distributed only by ZETA
SOFTWARE, we have the original FOOTBALL
FORECASTER 1 with 1983 dato base
Available for 1 6K ZX-8 1 . T/S 1 000 or 16K TRS-80
Color Computer. Spec ify NFL or College. Only
S19.95 each or S29.95 for both Add $1.00
P&H. Ark. residents add 4% Tax.
HAWG WILD SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 7668
Little Rock, Arkansas 72217
104
the RAINBOW July 1983
TM
BASF-DPS
WORLD STANDARD TAPE
I DATA TR AC / C-OS, C*2f
CASSETTE STORAGE CADDY
n ORGANIZE
YOUR TAPES!
$2 95 EACH
COMPUTER GRADE BLANK CASSETTES
PREMIUM 5-SCREW SHELL WITH LEADER FITS ALL STANDARD RECORDERS
PREFERRED BY SOFTWARE PRODUCERS, SCHOOLS AND BUSINESSES NATIONWIDE
HERE'S ""VuT YORK 10 CASSETTES:
USERS SAY ABO „ relvo n100%of
,,, s nice to have e tape jgj the fast,
♦ to the computer with a
•Wa^r^rr^ar''''^" 0
Il " 1 „ 1 If
STACK ABLE
FINEST QUALITY
PHIUPS INORELCO)
TYPE HARD BOXES
TRACTOR FEED
DIE-CUT BLANK
CASSETTE LABELS
HANDY
INDEX CARD
W TBO S,V9lffis 0 A F N Oi?ioOY
Call: 213/710-1430
FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT
on Credit Card Orders.
°E tJT vork lOXomputer ujQf e
24573 Kittridge St., #R Canoga Park, CA 91307
I
I
ITEM
1 DOZEN 2 DOZEN
TOTAL
C-05
□ 7.50 □ 13.50
C-10
□ 8.00 □ 14.40
C-20
□ 10.00 □ 18.00
Hard Box
□ 2.50 □ 4.00
Storage Caddy (c
D $2.95 ea.: Quantity
FRFF: Quantity:
Blank labels
□ 4.00/100 □ 30.00/1 (XXJ
SUB TOTAL
Calif, residents add 6% sales tax
Shipping/handling 1 doz. $2; 2 doz. $3.50;
3 doz. $4.50; each additional doz. $.50.
For Parcel Post instead of UPS $1 additional
Outside Continental USA, $2 additional
TOTAL
Bach cassette includes two YORK 10 labels only. Boxes are sold separately.
Shipments are by U.P.S. unless Parcel Post requested. Boxes, caddies, and
blank labels are free of shipping charges when ordered with cassettes. When
ordered without cassettes, shipping charges: Boxes— $1.00/doz., Caddies
$1.00 each. MINIMUM SHIPPING/HANDLING ON ANY ORDER— $2.00.
Check or M.O. Charge to
enclosed □ Credit Card: □ VISA □ MASTERCARD
Card No.
Exp.
Name
Address
City
S t ate /Zip
Signature
Computer make & model Disk?(y/n)
□ CHECK HERE FOR QUANTITY DISCOUNTS PRICE LIST
HARDWARE
R l Jll D THIS BCAR ft
FOR EASY
RFACING
By Dennis Meixsell
I'm sure most Color Computer owners would love to be
able to hook up devices such as a real time clock, voice
synthesizer, complex sound generators, keypads, etc.
Even though these modifications are not that complicated
or expensive, it seems the thought of getting a soldering gun
within 10 feet of our precious CoCo is enough to leave most
of us lyingawake staring at the ceiling. Also, such words and
phrases as address lines, data bus, interrupt, read/ write and
clock begin to totally overwhelm us.
Well, I havesomegood news. In this article you will learn
the basic steps of interfacing without taking the back off
your CoCo. All the connecting will be done through the
cartridge port using inexpensive and readily available parts
(most coming from "Mama" Radio Shack herself). For the
experienced hobbiest this may be all you need to get over the
hump and into some serious projects. For the newcomer
there is plenty to learn about interfacing, but this first step
will give you what you need to begin experimenting.
The standard device used for interfacing is the Motorola
6921, called the Peripheral Interface Adapter, The PIA, as
we will refer to it, decodes specific addresses, incorporates
timing and provides memory port addressing. It provides
two eight bit ports with each bit selectable as an output or
input port. This will be explained in more detail laterin this
article.
Our project is to build an experimenter's board and hook
up a PIA. This board will be versatile and the foundation of
future experiments. Once this project is finished, most addi-
tional interfacing will be a snap. So hang in there and the
rewards will be great. The construction will involve three
steps; making a ribbon connector, building the experimen-
ter's board and interfacing the PIA.
Parts to be used are as follows:
* 276- 1 65 computer PC board
*276- 1 74 modular I.C. breadboard (solderless)
*64-2346 self-sticking cushion feet
*276-1558 edge connector — 40 pin solderless
*64-2343 double-sided foam tape
*22 or 24 gauge solid connection wire
*Motorola 6821 PIA (not available at Radio Shack)
*wire ribbon, 2 feet (discontinued at Radio Shack but
still might have it)
If you are a wise shopper, these items can be purchased at
a lower price elsewhere. If you don't want the grief and have
a few extra bucks, you can purchase experimenter boards
and pre-made extension cables from several companies
found in this magazine.
The first step is for convenience and to protect the edge
connector inside the CoCo. What we will make is simply a
connector extender; that is, a 40-pin extension cord. You
may want to leave this in the CoCo permanently and plug all
cartridges into the ribbon connector. Take the 276-165
computer connecting board and cut it in half along the
dotted line marked A (Figure I). Put the bottom half aside,
it will be used later. Then cut along the two dotted lines
marked B. With the CoCo off, plug this board into the
cartridge port to see if you did a good job cutting. Be sure to
keep it level with the CoCo. If it is raised too high or low it
may damage the CoCo's internal connector. Be sure to keep
the printed side up and the copper side down in all steps.
Remove the board from the CoCo. The next step is to solder
the40-wire ribbon to this board.
From one end of a two-foot section of 40-wire ribbon
cable, separate each wire back about 3" with a knife. Then
strip Vt" of insulation from the end of each of the 40 wires.
This is a tedious and difficult job. I usually roll a knife over
each wire on a hard surface. Be very careful. This may take
some practice. Next, slightly enlarge the holes marked C
106 the RAINBOW July 1983
Figure 1
HI
C
Enlarge
l
i
ft
IB
I Cut
I
B
Cut
1 1
A
Cut
/I
L
39 .17 }S .1
* 31 29 27
25 23
21
19
17 15 13
119 7
5 3 1
41 }X 36 3
1 12 31) 2X
26 24
22
21
IK If. 14
12 II «
6 4 2
Color Computer
internal connector
(Figure 1). There are 20 of these and they need to be large
enough to allow a strand of the 40-wire cable to pass
through, insulation and all. Now thread every other wire
from the ribbon cable through the holes marked C. Start on
the right and put wire # 1 through that hole. Be sure that pin
#1 on this edge connector will line up with pin #1 on the
solderless connector that will be placed on the other end of
the cable. If in doubt, use a volt-ohm meter and check it out.
Now you must solder each of the wires to the base of the
corresponding prong on the 40-pin edge connector. After
this is accomplished tape the ribbon to the PC board to act
as a strain release. On the bottom of the PC board tape a l A "
thick piece of plastic or wood to insure that the edge connec-
tor stays parallel with the CoCo'sconnector. Put the solder-
less 40-pin connector on the free end of the cable. A small
hammer will help to lightly tap the back piece in place. Now
mark in large, clear letters "TOP"and "BOTTOM " on both
the edge card and the 40-pin connector (this will save much
frustration later). Put this aside — the hard part is over.
The second phase will use the bottom half of the PC
board, the 40-pin socket and connecting wire. Place the
40-pin socket on the printed side of the PC board in the
location shown on Figure 2. Look at the copper side of the
board and make sure each leg is going through an individual
copper pad. Solder the socket into place. Now solder a wire
from each pin of the edge card to the appropriate pin of the
UTILITIES FOR
EXTENDED BASIC
#UK2 COLOR KRUNCHER — $12.95
—Reduces Memory Requirements of Any Ext. BASIC
Program— Speeds Program Execution Time
—Type In A Program From A Magazine, As Is, Debug It,
Then Let KRUNCHER Make It Shorter
—Includes LN.XREF and REM.REMV (#UR2)
—Includes "EXTENDED BASIC FASTER" (#F1)
#F1 "EXTENDED BASIC FASTER" — $3.95
—The First Published Proven Ustaf Methods YOU Can
Can Incorporate Into All Your Own Ext. BASIC
Programs For Maximum Speed Efficiency
—For Novice or Experienced Programmer
—For Graphics or Non-Graphics Programs
#UV4 VARIABLE CROSS REFERENCE — $6.95
—Locates All Variables And "Where Used" Line #'s In
Your Ext. BASIC Program
—Optional Variable Only List (No Line #'s)
—Automatic Sort— Optional Printer Output
#UF2 LLIST FORMATTER — $9.95
—User-selectable Margins, Page Lengths, Top-of-
Form, Font Size, Line Length And More
—Title And Date Your Important Listings
—Start And Stop Listings At Any Line #
— Optional Space Between Lines— Hilights Line
Numbers — Opt. Single-Sheet Pause — For Most
Recent Printers (can be user modified)
#UR2 LINE CROSS REFERENCE — $7.95
—Provides A Sorted Listing Of All Referenced Line
Numbers— Optional Printer Output
— Includes Optional REM.REMV — Removes All
Unreferenced REM's And Comments And Line#'s
—Removes Comments From Referenced REM's
#UD2 DISK DIRECTORY WITH BYTES — $7.95
—Gives Same Info As DIR, PLUS Individual File Bytes,
PLUS Free And Used Total Files, Grans, And Bytes,
PLUS Optional Disk Name, PLUS To Screen Or
Printer
—One Screen At A Time (No More Frantic SFT/@)
—Includes Separate DISK NAME Program
#US3 COPY/SEARCH/REPLACE/DELETE —
$7.95
—Same As Disk COPY, But To-and-From Disk and Tape
Or Tape and Tape
—For ASCII Textfiles Or Programs
—Search OR Search & Replace (optional) OR Search &
Delete (optional)
—Excellent For Changing Long Variable Names
—Great For Changing Spelling Or Capitalization
#UT2 TEXT COUNT — $6.95
—Counts Lines, Sentences, Words, Total Characters Of
An ASCII Ext. BASIC Textfile
#UB2 BYTE/LINE COUNT — $5.95
—Automatic, Accurate Byte & Line Count Of Any Ext.
BASIC Program
ALL PGMS (EXCEPT #UD2) FOR EXT. BASICTAPE/DISK
BUY 3 OR MORE ON THE SAME ORDER & TAKE 10% OFF
(Post Paid in U.S. & Canada) (PA Residents Add 6%)
Send Check Or Money Order To:
MICROLOGIC
Box 193, First Avenue
East Brady, PA 16028
(412) 526-5781
July 1983 the RAINBOW 107
COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE
★ UNIVERSAL PROGRAM 1(UP-1) *
Known as the Program Stacker, UP-1 allows several
programs to be loaded until the memory is f i I led. Quickly
jump from one program to another or compose new
programs while retaining the old ones. Programs are
included for patching damaged programs. Allows data or
machine language programs to be stored and retrieved
from a cassette. Programs are included for writing values
or characters to memory, and displaying memory con-
tents. Blocks of memory can be relocated. UP-1 can be
used as aWord Processor by allowing text to bestored in
memory and printed on thescreen oran external printer.
UP-1 Cassette $14.95.
★ DISASSEMBLER-ASSEMBLER (DISASM) ★
Using English mnemonics and Decimal Locations,
DISASM is an easy way to learn to assemble machine
Language Programs orSubroutines. Subroutinescan be
used with Basic Programs and called by either USR or
EXECcommands. For CC compatibility, all locations are
given in Decimal Values eliminating the confusion asso-
ciated with using HEX. All commands are Menue
oriented and the user provides the particulars for the
commands without having to remember command for-
mats. The Disassembler can be used to Analyze Machine
Language Programs as well as the Basic and Extended
CC ROMS. Example programs are included. Cassette
$19.95.
★ TERMINAL PROGRAM (DYTERM) ★ new
DYTERM is designed to convert a Color Computer into
a terminal. Use it to send and receive information from
another computer, anoiher terminal, or use it to provide
the software needed for sending and receiving informa-
tion over telephone lines with a MODEM. DYTERM is a
BASIC program with Machine Languate Subroutines.
Cassette $14.95.
EXTENDED BASIC is not REQUIRED. All programs
require a 16K Computer and are DISC compatible.
HARDWARE ITEMS
Increase your computer's memory with the following
Memory Expansion Kits. Soldering is not required but
your waranty will be voided by removing the cover. The
kits carry a one year warranty.
ME-1 upgrades 4K to 16K $19.95
ME-2 upgrades 4K to 32K $59.95
ME-3 upgrades 16K to 32K $39.95
ME-4 upgrades all CC to 64K $99.95
Note: A 1 .1 ROM is required for ME-4
6809E Microprocessor Chip $19.95
6821 Peripheral Interface Adapter $6.95
WE REPAIR COMPUTERS
★ PUT YOUR PROGRAMS IN A PROM PACK ★
We will put your Machine Language and/or BASIC
Programs in a Cartridge. Send us your program on a
Cassette and we will return a Cartridge with your pro-
gram in it. The cost is $19.95 for up to 4K and $29.95 for
up to 8K. Add $2 for shipping.
ATTENTION SOFTWARE PROGRAMMERS: We are
looking for good original programs and are willing to pay
high ROYALTIES for them. Write or call for details.
DEALERS INQUIRIES INVITED
Checks, VISA & MC Cards Add $1 shipping
DYNAMIC ELECTRONICS INC.
P.O. Box 896 (205) 773-2758
Hartselle, AL 35640
40-pin socket. Pin 1,3,5,7,9,. . . are on top of the PC board.
Pins 2, 4, 6, 8, . . . are on the bottom. The dip socket is
numbered 1-20 on the left side and 21-40 on the right side.
You should mark thedip socketand edge connector with the
appropriate numbers to help as you solder. I tried to make
this look nice by runningall the wires on the bottom side and
then coming up in front of the top pins. Be sure that this is
exact. Use a VOM and be positive that each wire goes from
the edge card pin number to the same number on the dip
socket. Now with double-sided tape secure the solderless
breadboard to the lower section of the PC board. Put four
cushion footies on the bottom side and BINGO! You are
now the proud owner of an experimenter's board!
Finally, in part three, I will show how to connect the P1A
to the experimenter's board. Get the package that contains
the PI A. Use proper handling technique, or static electricity
could damage the P1A. Without interruption, pick up the
P1A in both hands. Use one hand to straighten any bent
pins. Now place the chip on the left end of the solderless
breadboard. Make sure that pin #1, which is identified by
the circle or notch is to the left (Figure 2). Now connect
jumper wires between the socket and the PIA as shown in
Figure 3. The circled numbers refer to the pin number of the
low profile socket. Make certain this is exact.
This finishes construction. Now, to explain the PIA in
more detail. Actually, an entire article could easily be dedi-
cated to understanding the PIA, but Til do what I can. The
PIA is made of six registers, three for side A and three for
side B. Side B and side A perform exactly the same, so we
will just look at side A. In our experiments, the PIA will be
addressed at memory locations SFF40 and SFF41. Most
numbers will be listed in hexadecimal as indicated by the $.
The PIA must first betold which direction the data will flow
for each bit. This is done by use of the Data Direction
Register A, or abbreviated, the "DDR A. "As you can see by
Figure 4 the DDR A and the Output/ Input Register A, or
abbreviated, "ORA" are both addressed by memory loca-
tion SFF40. The way to select which one is determined by bit
#2 of the Control Register A, or abbreviated, "CRA,"
located at $FF4 1 . If a "0" is put in bit #2 of Control Register
A then location SFF40 will be addressing the DDRA. If a
"]"is in bit #2 of CRA then address SFF40 will be address-
ing the ORA. Now, if we put a " I" in a bit of the DDRA,
108 the RAINBOW July 1983
Database Management
Business Applications
Real Estate
Ledgers
Mailing Lists
Single Letters
Memos
Phone Lists
Form Letters
Charts
Business Reports
Inventories
Income Tax Preparation
Property Maintenance
Property Rentals
Receivables
Payables
Order Entry
Business Contacts
Appointments
Client Profiles
Document/Article Indexing
Lab Reports
Personnel Records
Student Grades
Budgets
Homebase is Easy to Use
• No programming required.
All options are displayed in
menus. HOMEBASE automa-
tically requests all required
data and edits every entry.
• All commands are single key
stroke.
• Full screen editing for text
entry.
• Complete curosr control for
entering names, titles,
notes, comments and all
other data.
• Over 100 pages of well
organized and easy to use
documentation with complete
descriptions of every com-
mand, and examples.
• Requires 32K of memory,
DISK BASIC and only one
disk drive. No equipment
modifications required.
• Fast response to all com-
mands including search and
sort.
Enhancement:
• A tutorial/demonstration file
with step-by-step Instructions.
The TRS-80* Color-Computer
DATABASE
ENHANCED
, Word Processing and Spread Sheet Calculations in One Integrated Package
Custom Report Writer For Data Management Files
Merge data management files with text files
Print one document per data record.
Print one document for multiple data records by using a
data field as a key for matching records.
Use all printer control options.
Print multiple copies.
Print selected data records
Store multiple formats on a single TEXT file.
Alter formats while using the REPORT WRITER or TEXT
PROCESSING program.
Data Management
• Define 50 data fields, in-
cluding a comment field, in a
single record. Dates, time of
day, phone numbers and
dollar amounts are
automatically formatted. You
may also define 24 scratch-
pad data fields not contained
within your data records.
• Reorganize records by mov-
ing data fields within records
or by moving records within
a file. You may sort records
in ascending or descending
order using record names
you assign or data values.
• Manage files by searching,
deleting, clearing, duplicat-
ing, and displaying any data
or record. Add, subtract,
multiply, divide, or sum-
marize any data field. Use
any command on a single
record or selected group of
records. You may also selec-
tively process any single
data field or group of data
fields.
• Print files using automatic
formatting with options to
print report titles, a report
date, page numbers, record
names, and data field
names. Print all or selected
data fields or records.
Enhancements:
• Variable length alpha/text
data fields.
• Use 1 or 2 disk drives.
• Range search for alpha/text
data fields and record
names.
• Calculator mode for entering
new data Held values while
performing calculations and
automatically displaying the
results of calculations.
• Extended sort which permits
sorting on any position
within a comment alpha/text
data field.
• Separate printer drivers for
NEC and OKI DATA printers.
Text/Word Processing
• Define 250 screens of text
you can search, sort,
display, or print. Reference
or select records using
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HOMEBASE- COMPUTER SYSTEMS
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90 day warranty
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HOMEBASE™ Is a trademark of HOMEBASE COMPUTER SYSTEMS,
a subsidiary of Small Business Systems, Durham, N.C. (919) 544-5408.
"TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Radio Shack, Inc.
record names you assign or
by searching for any word or
phrase within text records.
• Edit text by duplicating,
moving, clearing, searching
and replacing, deleting, or
reordering entire records of
text or portions of text
records. Print the text record
appearing on the screen to
review before final print.
• Format labels, memos, let-
ters, and other documents
for printing with embeded
printer controls for paging,
skipping lines, and changing
character fonts. Program
controls provide for setting;
right and left margins, lines
per page, page width,
horizontal tabs, and line
spacing. Reuse control set-
tings or change when
desired. Print multiple
copies. Merge text records
to produce a form letter for
an address file.
Enhancements:
• Use 1 or 2 disk drives.
• A separate printer driver for
NEC and OKI DATA printers.
• Page numbering.
• Print page headings.
• Page backwards or for-
wards.
Utilities for Data
Management and
Word Processing
• Generating new files from old
files.
• Merging files.
• Duplicating files.
• Moving data between files.
• Summarizing files.
• Moving files from diskette to
diskette using a single drive.
• Saving files to cassette and
reloading from cassette.
• File synchronizing.
• Print disk directory
Enhancements:
• Rename flies.
• Extended summarize and
update.
Figure 3
POKE $FF40,$FF
POKE $FF4I,04
Side A
Input/Output
then the corresponding bit of the ORA
will be set for output. Put a "0" in a bit
of DDRA and the corresponding bit of
ORA will be set for input. Okay, got all
that? I'm sure thatall is aboutasclearas
mud! Let me go on; an example should
help. If we want to set all the ORA to
output we should do as follows:
POKE $FF40,$FF 'SELECT DATA DIREC
TION REG. A
'PUT A "I "IN EACH BIT
OF DDRA
'CHANGE TO OUTPUT
REG. A
Now any byte poked into SFF40 will
show up at pins 2-9 of the PI A. To set all
bits as inputs we must:
'SELECT DATA DIREC
TION REG. A
'PUT A "0" IN EACH BIT
OF DDRA
'CHANGE TO OUTPUT/
INPUT/INPUT REG. A
Now anytime pins 2-9 have a logic 0
or I this will show up when we peek
(SFF40).
Run this next program with the PIA
hooked up. Register A should be equal
to zero, as shown on the screen. Use a
jumper wire and connect pin til to pin
#1. Pin til is ground and pin #2 is bit 0 of
DDRA. Register A should now read
" 1 . " Ground pins 2-9, one at a time and
watch the screen,
j > ***** TH j S PROGRAM WILL READ SIDE A OF
THE PIA
5 CLS
80 A=&HFF40
200 POKE A+1,00
POKE $FF4I,00
POKE $FF40,00
POKE SFF4J.04
Side B
Input/ Output
@ AW-
iooon
CD
PIA
6821
O L
v y
1 Vss
CA1 c/o
2 PAO
CA2 39
3 PA1
1RQA 38
4 PA2
1RQB 37
5 PA3
RSO 36
Z A A
6 PA4
RSI 35
7 PA5
Reset 34
8 PA6
DO 33
9 PA7
Dl 32
10 PAO
D2 3 1
I f A 1
I I PA1
D3 30
12 PA2
D4 29
13 PA3
D5 28
1 A T% A A
14 PA4
D6 27
15 PA5
D7 26
ju r au
17 PA7
CSI 24
18 CB1
CS2 23
19 CB2
CS0 22
20 Vcc
R/W 21
-\VW—
ooo a
210 POKE A,00
220 POKE A+l,04
230 P=PEEK(A)
300 R=255-P
310 PR1NT@ 1 10, R
330 GOTO 230
'LOCATION OF PIA
'SELECT DATA DIRECTION
REG. A
TUT A "0" IN EACH BIT
'CHANGE TO OUTPUT/ INPUT
REG. A
'READ THE PIA
'LITTLE CONVERSION
'SHOW US THE VALUE
'READ IT AGAIN SAM
I can see the wheels starting to turn already . . . buttons . . .
switches ... a keypad . . . maybe I could build an alarm
system . . . just maybe I could? Welcome to the world of
interfacing. In part two I will show how to interface a
calculator keyboard. This should only take about one hour.
Then I'll explain more about the PIA and the different lines
coming out of the CoCo. I know there has been quite a large
amount of material presented here. Don't worry if you
didn't understand it all — just have fun and play with the
PIA. It's not necessary to understand every detail to build
these projects. Just stick in there and before you know it
you'll be interfacing like an old pro.
Figure 4
Side A
Side B
PIA's Internal Registers
$FF40
$FF41
$FF42
$FF43
Output Register A (ORA)
Data Direction Register A (DDRA)
Control Register A (CRA)
Output Register B (ORB)
Data Direction Register B (DDRB)
Control Register B (CRB)
110
the RAINBOW July 1983
YOUR COLOR COMPUTER JUST GOT WHEELS !
REVOLUTION!
You accelerate hard down a long straightaway,
braking heavily at the end for a hard corner.
You slice smoothly through the esses, and then
boldly keep the power on for a fast sweeper.
The Ferrari drifts dangerously near the edge,
but you make a tiny correction in the steering,
and you are through.
The finish line flashes by, and suddenly you
are in the pits. The car falls silent. You see your
lap times being held up. Your final lap was a
new lap record! At last, you permit yourself
a small smile.
You have mastered this powerful car on a
difficult track, driving with the assurance and
precision that comes only from long hours of
practice.
You are driving an authentic race car. You are
playing Revolution!
FANTASTIC ACTION
Revolution uses high resolution, machine language graphics
for action that is smooth and fast. The emphasis is on
authenticity in the control and motion of your car. As in
driving a real race car, accuracy and precision in your driving
are what counts. Frillsand non-essentials have been left out.
PURE COMPETITION
Like a real race driver in practice and qualifying sessions, you
compete against the clock and against the existing lap record
for that track. Revolution records the lap records and the
name of the person who set the record, so you always know
who reigns supreme on your f avorite track!
\
DESIGNED WITH YOU IN MIND
Revolution is menu-driven, and self explanatory. Informa-
tion screens tell you what you need to know. When you're
ready to play, a menu of the names of all your tracks is
displayed, along with the lap record for each track and the
name of the person who setthat lap record. You select a track
with a single keystroke, and Revolution takes you there.
A NEW CONCEPT
Revolution is a unique game, because it allows you to create
the most important part of any race game: the track itself.
The first time you run Revolution, you will be able to choose
from several tracks and cars which are included with the
game.
But, with Revolution, this is only the beginning! You can
create as many tracks as you like. You can make each new
track as difficult or as easy as you wish. You can make easy
ones to begin with, and tougher ones as you become more
skilled. You may find creating tracks to be almost as much
fun as driving on them!
You can save your favorite tracks to run on again whenever
you wish. Revolution will automatically add these new tracks
to the menu. And you can exchange your favorite tracks with
other Revolution owners.
Be careful, though, about letting your friends play this game.
They may not want to let you have your computer back!
THE EARLY REVOLUTION
A prototype version of Revolution was published in the
September, 1982 issue of Rainbow magazine, under the
name The Track. The response to The Track has been terrific.
Revolution has all the features that have made The Track a
favorite, and Revolution's fast, high-resolution machine
language graphics are dramatically improved over the
prototype's.
REVOLUTION NOW!
The original Revolution for the TRS-80™ Color Computer
requires 32K and one disk drive. A new cassette version has
action just like the disk version, and similar track-saving
features excluding a menu of available tracks. The cassette
version will run on a32KColor Computer or TDP-100. You
can upgrade to the disk version later, too, for a nominal fee.
REVOLUTION
For32KDisk
$24.95
Requires Joysticks
For 32K Cassette . . .
$21.95
& Extended BASIC
Connecticut residents add 7/i% sales tax.
TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corporation.
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QSORT For The
TRS-80 Color Computer
By C. J. Stearman
This two part article brings to the Color Computer the fast and versatile
number and string sorting routine, QSORT. In addition, we will explore the
way numbers and strings are represented by Microsoft BASIC,
Sooner or later the need arises in BASIC programs to
sort large amounts of data. If youVe arrived at this
point and written BASIC routines to perform bubble
sorts and the like, you know they can be painfully slow. Even
a sort of tens of items can take upwards of a minute. There-
fore, a machine code routine, callable from BASIC, would
make a very useful addition to our utility program library.
Sorting is a complex science and much research has been
done to discover fast, efficient methods. Unfortunately 1
know little of the subject and was always on the lookout for
articles describing sort methods. 1 finally came across one
describing an implementation of Quicksort for the TRS-80
Model I by Don Biumm (SO Micro, November, 1982). It
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boasted some impressive sorting times; eight seconds to sort
1000 strings, 23 seconds to sort 3000!
I wanted this capability for my Color Computer and felt it
worth the effort to develop a similar program. The result of
this will be described in this and the next issue. 1 learned
much about the way strings and numbers are handled by
Microsoft BASIC and this knowledge is generally useful. I
also discovered ways of using BASIC functions (such as
RND) from machine code.
In this issue we will look at these subjects and implement
the final algorithm in BASIC. The next issue will list the
assembly language version and describe its operation in
detail.
Program Requirements
If the final sort program was to be really useful, it would
have to be versatile, as well as fast. Probably it would be
necessary to trade off some speed to ensure that versatility. I
felt that it should be able to:
*Sort string and number arrays
*Sort in ascending and descending order
*Sort strings in any character order
*Sort parts of the array only
*Contain thorough call error detection
*Sort I and 2 dimensioned arrays
*lnclude or exclude the second dimension in 2 dimension
sorts
*Sort either dimension in 2 dimension arrays
The desirability of some of these features will become
obvious as we get into this further.
If we are to sort numbers and strings using a machine code
routine it is going to be necessary to understand how these
are stored by BASIC, so let's explore that next.
Inside BASIC
BASIC used 5 bytes of storage to describe a number or
string of characters. Numbers are stored in a floating point
format within these 5 bytes. I n the case of strings, the 5 bytes
contain details of where the string is and how long it is. The
string itself is elsewhere in memory. It is important to note
that the Color Computer has no capability to store numbers
as integers. This fact will figure in some decisions later.
( Mr. Stearman is Field Engineering Manager for Bos-
ton Digital Corp., a manufacturer of precision,
computer-controlled milling machines. He was born
and educated in England and has lived in the U.S.A.
since 1970.)
112 the RAINBOW July 1983
FINALLY!
A REAL SPREAD-SHEET PROGRAM FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
Business people use spread-sheets to organize columns and rows of figures.
DYNACALC simulates the operation of a spread-sheet without the mess of paper and
pencil. Of course, corrections and changes are a snap. Changing any entered
value causes the whole spread-sheet to be re-calculated based on the new
constants. This means that you can play, ! what if? f to your heart f s content.
But DYNACALC isn't just for accountants. DYNACALC can be used for just
about any type of job. Not only numbers, but alphanumeric messages can be
handled. Engineers and other technical users will love DYNACALC's s i xteen-d i g i t
math and built-in scientific functions. There's even a built-in sort command,
so you can use DYNACALC to manage small data bases - up to 256 records.
DYNACALC will let your computer do just about anything you can imagine.
Ask your friends who have VisiCalc, or a similar program, just how useful an
electronic spread-sheet program can be for all types of household, business,
engineering, and scientific applications.
DYNACALC is designed to be used by non-programmers, but even a Ph.D. in
Computer Science can understand it. Built-in HELP messages are provided for
quick reference to operating instructions.
DYNACALC has a beautifully simple method of reading and writing FLEX data
files, so you can communicate both ways with other programs on your system, such
as the Text Editor, Text Processor, Sort/Merge, RMS data base system, or other
programs written in BASIC, C, PASCAL, FORTRAN, and so on.
Except for a few seldom-used commands, DYNACALC is memory-resident, so
there is little disk I/O to slow things down. The whole data array (worksheet)
is in memory, so access to any point is instantaneous. DYNACALC is 1 00% 6809
machine code for blistering speed.
Color Computer DYNACALC works with the FLEX operating system from Frank
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Strings
Looking at the 5 byte descriptor for a string, we find that
the first bytecontains a count of the number of characters in
the string, and the third and fourth contain a 1 6 bit address
of the first character. With these two pieces of information
the whole string can be accessed. The second and fifth bytes
are "reserved for the computer" to quote the manual, and
seem to always be zero. So string desciptors are simple to
understand.
Numbers
By comparison, numbers are much more complex. These
5 bytes must store a decimal number in the range +/-I0A38!
To do this, the number must be stored as a binary value in
the form:
MANTISSA x 2AEXPONENT
where the mantissa is a 32 bit, signed binary number in the
range:
1 .0000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 (Base 2)
to
1.1111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 (Base 2)
and the exponent is an 8 bit, signed binary number in the
range:
-126 to +126 (Base 10)
No doubt this looks pretty confusing! However, it is akin
to the practice of representing numbers in scientific nota-
tion. For example, the decimal value 1 23.456 can be repres-
ented as 1 .23456 x 1 OA 2. Or the decimal number -0.001 23
becomes-1.23 x 10 A-3.This action is called normalizing. In
binary normalized numbers the mantissa is always in the
signed range of 1 to 2 (inclusive of 1 but exclusive of 2).
Looking at the way BASIC actually stores this, the first
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it
it
byte contains the exponent. If the Most Significant Bit
(MSB) is a zero the exponent is negative, if a 1 it's positive.
The remaining 7 bits describe the value of the exponent
plus one." This "wrinkle" is needed because the number
zero"is aspecialcase. It is represented by theexponent byte
being zero. In this case, the 4 mantissa bytes are immaterial.
However, an exponent of zero is a valid value, so the expo-
nent must be "offset" by one to allow for its representation.
This also explains why the exponent range is 126, not 127.
Exponent 126 is stored as 1 27, the highest value which can
be contained in 7 bits.
As the mantissa is always "one point something," this 1
can be assumed, and the MSB of the most significant byte
can be used to store its sign. This time a 1 indicates negative,
and a 0 positive.
If you're thoroughly confused now, let's look at a couple
of examples. Take the decimal number 9.625 and "code" it
first. It is represented in binary by 100 1.101 (going from the
binary point right, the 1 represents P/2; then !4; 1 V% etc.).
Normalizing this, it becomes 1 .00 1 1 0 1 x 2A3 (2 A3 shown
in decimal). The mantissa is positive, as is the exponent so
the result is:
Byte 1 : 1 0000 1 00 (exponent* 1 )
Byte 2 : 000 1 1 01 0 (sign + fraction)
Byte 3 : 00000000
Byte 4 : 00000000
Byte 5 : 00000000
As a second example, take the value -0.09375 (decimal).
This is -0.0001 1 in binary. Normalizing it becomes -1. 1 x
2A-4 (mantissa in base 2, rest in base 10). Converting
according to the rules above:
Byte 1 : 01111101 (negative,-4+l in 7 bit 2's
complement)
Byte 2 : 1 1000000 (negative and fraction part)
Byte 3 : 00000000
Byte 4 : 00000000
Byte 5 : 00000000
Having nearly 32 bits to represent the mantissa provides
the ability to handle decimal numbers with 9 significant
digits. Using the normalized format with an exponent of 7
bits allows the large value range.
Floating Point Accumulator
Numbers are stored in memory as described above. How-
ever, when a BASIC function uses them they are passed
through the Floating Point Accumulator (FAC). This is six
bytes in memory starting at 6F (Hexadecimal). Note it is six,
not five. Numbers are represented in it slightly differently
from in memory. Bytes 1,3,4 and 5 are the same. Byte 6 in
the FAC is the same as byte 2 in memory. Byte 2 in the FAC
is the same as byte 2 in memory, except that the MSB is
always 1. This arrangement allows byte 6 to represent the
mantissa sign, while bytes 2 through 5 represent the true
absolute value of it.
Arrays
When a string or number array is dimensioned in BASIC,
a section of memory is used to represent it. The section
comprises a header and then groups of 5 byte descriptors.
This is true for either number or string arrays. In the former
the 5 bytes contain the array element value; in strings, the
length and pointer to the string.
The header provides general details of the array. In the
order of storage, the header contains:
Byte 1 = First letter of name
Byte 2 = Second letter of name (+1 28 if a string array)
114 the RAINBOW July 1983
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Centipedes & katerpjllars are
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Cass £21.95 Disk $26.95
You must dive thru shark infested
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Cass $21.95 Disk $26.95
New( Improvedl The most
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everl
Cass $24.95 Disk $29.95
Your Rail Runner must scurry
over busy tracks dodging trains &
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Cass $21.95 Disk $26.95
Full feature modem software. Load
& save from RAM Buffer, Macros,
any duplex or parity, much more . . .
Cass $29.95 Disk $39.95
Complete editor & word
processor with 5 1 x 24 upper &
lower case display.
Disk $49.95
Modifies screen display to
51x24 for BASIC & your other
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Byte 3 & 4 = 1 6 bit count of total bytes used by the array,
including the header
Byte 5 = Number of dimensions
Byte 6 & 7 = 16 bit count of elements in last dimension
Byte 7 & 8 = Ditto for next to last dimension
Byte 9 & 10 = Ditto for first dimension
Byte ii = First byte of 5 byte descriptor of "zeroth"
element
This is for an array with 3 dimensions. If more orless, then
more or less byte pairs are needed to detail the number of
elements in each dimension. So it is immediately obvious
that the number of bytes in the header is dependent upon the
number of dimensions.
The elements of the array itself are stored in an order with
the leftmost dimension varying most rapidly. The array
A(3,2,l) will be stored in ascending memory in the order:
A(0,0,0;
A( 1 ,0,0
A(2,0,0
A(3,0,0
A(0,1,0
A(1,I,0
A(2,l,0
A(3,l,0
A(0,2,0
A( 1,2,0
A(2,2,0
A(3,2,0
A(0,0,1
A(J,0,1
ETC.
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Knowing the address of the "zeroth" element thus enables
us to locate any subscript descriptor in the array.
The VARPTR Function
Extended BASIC provides this function which returns the
address of the variable descriptor supplied as its argument.
This can be used to pass an array pointer from BASIC to a
machine code routine. For example, the call X=USR
(VARPTR(A(0,0))) will pass the address of the first byte of
the 5 byte descriptor for that subscript variable. The
machine code function INTCNV will put this value in regis-
ter D of the microprocessor. Knowing the address of the
"zeroth" element also provides us with the location of the
array header.
A word of caution is needed! BASIC moves the variables
around in memory when a new one is introduced. So a new
variable must not be created after a call to VARPTR before
the result is used, as the value will no longer be valid. This
can best be avoided by pre-assigning the variables at the
beginning of the program.
Using BASIC Functions
As we will see later, one of the requirements of the Quick-
sort Routine is the generation of a random number. Another
is the conversion of a floating point number in the FAC to a
1 6 bit integer. The second requirement is already available
through a routine documented in the BASIC manual. It is
called INTCNV and its address is B3ED (hexadecimal).
However, the function which performs the RND function
is not documented. Fortunately there's a book called "The
Facts for the TRS-80 Color Computer" published by Spec-
tral Associates, which provides a considerable amount of
information about the routines in BASIC. Amongst other
data, it provides the dispatch table for the BASIC functions.
The RND function happens to be at BFl F (hexadecimal). I
speculated that this probably took the argument from the
FAC and returned a random number from I to the argu-
ment to the FAC. Experimentation showed this to be so.
Tests on other functions such as MEM, which returns the
available memory, worked in a similar manner.
With access to these functions, all that was required was a
method of getting the FAC value into register D as a 1 6 bit
integer (the INTCNV routine mentioned earlier), and
another to do the reverse. This proved more difficult.
BASIC does have a documented routine called GIV ABF(at
B4F4 hexadecimal) but this does too much and is really only
useful for returning an integer value to a variable in BASIC.
So I was forced to write my own for the QSORT program.
This has limited capability but does adequately for the needs
here.
Quicksort
We now have the tools to proceed with the sort routine.
The general principle will be to exchange descriptors in the
array so that it becomes ordered. This will conveniently
handle both strings and number arrays. In the case of strings
this has the advantage of making it unnecessary to move the
actual strings themselves.
The Algorithm
Quicksort is a fast and simple process, but does entail
considerable "housekeeping." To help follow it through,
listing I shows its implementation in BASIC.
The general procedure involves the ordering of a parti-
tion. Initially the whole array is taken as a partition. An
element is selected from this partition and designated the
116
the RAINBOW July 1983
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RAINBOW
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ALL LISTED
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comparand. Then each element is compared with this, start-
ing from the low end. When one is found which is equal to or
greater than the comparand, its subscript is noted. The scan
is then started from the high end, looking for an element
which is equal or lower than the comparand. When one is
found, it is swapped with the element found on the upward
scan. This is only done however, if the upward scan element
was originally below the downward scan one. If so, then the
upward and downward scan continues from where it left off,
performing similar swaps.
Eventually the selected element on the upward scan will
not be below the one on the downward. At this point the
selected elements will either be the same one, or the upward
higher than the downward. The result is an array with all the
elements below the upward scan selected element being
equal or less than the comparand. All elements above the
downward scan selected element will be equal to or higher
than it.
The partition must nowbe split into two separate parti-
tions. Then each partition has the same action peformed on
it, until every partition is reduced to one element. When all
partitions have been so reduced, the array is sorted.
The partition to be divided is split into one with all ele-
ments up to but not including the upward scan selected
element. The other is made up of those elements from the
downward scan, in a similar fashion. It is apparent from this
that the data defining one partition must be saved while the
other is further scanned. If the original array is limited to
4096 elements and the data on the larger of the two resulting
partitions is saved while the other is scanned, then the divid-
ing process cannot result in more than 12 lots of data being
stored at any one time. This is due to the fact that 4096
cannot be divided by two more than 12 times before the
result is unity. This is verified by the fact that 4096 is 2 A 12.
This seemingly complex process is in fact extremely fast.
Also its speed varies roughly linearly with number of ele-
ments. Bubble sort times, in contrast, increase as the square
of the number of elements.
Selecting The Comparand
The comparand is ideally chosen so that there are approx-
imately equal numbers of elements in the resulting two
partitions. To obtain this a median value should be chosen,
as this will have as many elements lower than it as higher.
Unfortunately, the process of calculating median values is
itself time consuming. To avoid this problem, the compa-
rand element is chosen at random from the partition. With
larger enough partitions, the average result will be satisfa-
tory. However, when partitions become small, this is not so.
Toavoid this problem another simpler routine is used to sort
the partition when it contains 10 or less elements. The rou-
tine used here is a form of bubble sort which 1 have called
Easysort. It is simple in function and can be readily under-
stood from the BASIC in listing I . Experimentation showed
about a 25 percent improvement in overall speed when this
hybrid approach was used.
The BASIC Version
I chose to test my understanding of the algorithm by first
implementing it in BASIC. Of course, there is nothing pre-
venting the use of this in your BASIC programs. It is surpris-
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the RAINBOW July 1983
ingly quick, sorting 100 numbers in around 18 seconds. This
is significantly faster than a bubble sort. Listing 1 is by way
of a demonstration program. You select the size of the array
to sort. It then generates a random number array and sorts
it. Adisplay isgiveh of the time taken to sort and the number
of times Easysort was called. The program is easily con-
verted to sort strings by changing array "N" to "N$"
throughout and modifying the rand om array filling routine.
The Quicksort routine itself is from line 200 through 990.
Line 230 determines the size the partition below which Easy-
sort is used. The Easysort routine is from line 1200 to the
end. The remaining lines are involved with test set-up (10-
140) and result display (1000-1 1 20).
In the Quicksort routine the following variables perform
these functions:
SIZE sort array size
N sorted array
LS partition left end stack array
RS partition right end stack array
B current partition left end subscript
E current partition right end subscript
LI left scan pointer
Rl right scan pointer
PTR partition stack pointer
LSZ size of left section of split partition
RSZ size of right section of split partition
CMP subscript of selected random element
The Quicksort routine breaks down into various sections.
These sections will generally be duplicated in the machine
code version later. Lines 200-220 initialize the pointers. Line
230 selects either Quicksort or Easysort, depending on the
size of the partition. Lines 300-380 determines which side of
the divided partition to stack. Also tests are done to ensure a
remaining partition has something in it.
The left and right stacking is performed by lines 750-810
and lines 850-9 1 0 respectively. Line 380 checks to see if the
stack is empty. If so, the sorting iscomplete. If not, then lines
950-990 unstack the next partition for sorting. Line 500
selects the comparand at random. Lines 550-570 scan
upward and 600-620 scan down. Finally line 700 tests the
scan pointer for crossing. If not, the elements are swapped; if
so, the scanning stops.
Armed with this information it should be easy to follow
the operation of both Quicksort and Easysort.
The next issue will wrap this up with the complete assem-
bly language listing and details on the features and uses of
the routine.
The listing:
60O. .
1000
END
01 08
0265
03C5
0593
INPUT "ARRAY SIZE"; SIZE
IF SIZE=0 THEN END
IF SIZE>4095 THEN 10
INPUT "RESULTS TO PRINTER" 5 A*
IF A$="Y" THEN DV=-2 ELSE DV=
10
20
30
40
50
0
60 DIM N(SIZE) 5 LS(12) ,RS(12)
70 FOR 1=0 TO SIZE
80 N(I)=RND(1000)
BEAR
ONES
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 119
MAIL TO: BEAR BONES SOFTWARE, INC.
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Enclose Check or Money Order, Allow
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90 NEXT I
100 PR INT "SORT BEGINS"
110 TIMER=0
120 GOSUB 200
130 GOSUB 1000
140 RUN
200 B=0: E=SIZE
210 li=0:ri=size
220 PTR=0
230 IF E-BM0THEN GOSUB 500ELSE
GOSUB 1200:GOTO380
300 LSZ= (LI-1 ) -B
310 RSZ=E-(RI+1)
320 IF LSZ=RSZ THEN 350
330 IF LSZ>RSZ GOSUB 750 ELSE GO
SUB 850
340 GOTO 370
350 IF LSZ<=0 THEN 380
360 GOSUB 760
370 I F ( E-B ) < =0THEN 380 ELSE 230
380 IF (PTR)=0 THEN RETURN
390 GOSUB 950
400 GOTO 230
500 CMP=N ( RND ( E-B+ 1 ) +B- 1 )
550 FOR LI=LI TO E
560 IF N(LI)=>CMP THEN 600
570 NEXT LI
WLS NEST
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600 FOR RI=RI TO B STEP-1
610 IF N(RIX=CMP THEN 700
620 NEXT RI
700 IF LKRI THEN T=N (LI ) : N (LI ) =
N(Ri) :N(RD=t:li=li+i:ri=ri-i:go
TO550
710 RETURN
750 IF LSZ<=0THEN 790
760 LS(PTR)=B
770 RS(PTR)=LI-1
780 PTR=PTR+1
790 B=RI+1
800 RI=E
810 RETURN
850 IF RSZ<=0 THEN 890
860 LS(PTR)=RI+1
870 RS(PTR)=E
880 PTR=PTR+1
890 E=LI-1
900 LI=B
910 RETURN
950 PTR=PTR-1
960 B=LS(PTR)
970 E=RS(PTR)
980 LI=B: RI=E
990 RETURN
1000 T=TIMER
1010 PRINT#DV, STRING* (30, "*")
1020 PRINT#DV, "ARRAY SIZE WAS " ;
SIZE
1030 PRINT#DV,USING"SORT TIME WA
S ###.## SECONDS" ; T/60
1040 PRINT#DV, "CALLS TO EASISORT
=":CL
1050 FOR 1=0 TO SIZE-1
1060 IF N(I)>N(I+1) THEN 1100
1070 NEXT I
1080 PRINT#DV, "SORT WAS SUCCESSF
UL"
1090 GOTO 1110
1100 PRINT#DV, "SORT WAS UNSUCCES
SFUL"
1110 PRINT#DV, STRING* (30, "*">
1120 RETURN
1200 K=B
1210 CL=CL+1
1220 K=K+1
1230 IF K>E THENRETURN
1240 IF N(K)>=N(K-1) THEN1220
1250 TN=N(K>
1260 I=K
1270 N(I)=N(I-1)
1280 1=1-1
1290 IF I=B THEN 1310
1300 IF TN<N( 1-1) THEN 1270
1310 N(I)=TN
1320 GOTO 1220
120 the RAINBOW July 1983
A WORD FROM THE SPONSOR
Number five in these chats, and it is still too early to judge the
results in our Name the Column contest. But I have received some
excellent entries, and will have the winner next month. Stay tuned.
At this point, I'd like to thank a few more magazines for giving our
products great reviews in the past few months — in March, Color
Computer News reviewed NEWTALK and Rainbow reviewed
REMOTERM, while in April 80 Micro reviewed STAR- DOS. They
all loved them . . . naturally.
This month I thought you might be interested in some of my
cassette procedures.
While a number of outfits make leaderless computer cassettes, 1
distrust them. From my audio days, I know that the beginning and
end of a reel- to- reel or cassette tape tend to get crinkled and
develop dropouts. This can destroy a program copy, and so I
wouldn't use the beginning of a leaderless tape anyway. In that case,
why pay extra for leaderless tape when you don't use it?
Instead, I buy 10-minute C-10 cassettes. These cassettes are
available from a variety of sources, and cost about 50 to 80 cents
each, f prefer to use one cassette per program, rather than put
many programs on one tape and then have to search for them.
All of these tapes have a leader, and so when you use them you
must be careful not to record your program on the leader instead of
the tape. Using fast forward to get past the leader may leave a bit of
an old program on the tape just before the new one, and CoCo will
have trouble separating them. Instead, my method is to do the
following: First, make sure the tape is fully rewound. Then place
the recorder in RECORD, and type the command MOTOR ON on
the computer. This starts the recorder motor, so that you are
recording although the computer is not yet writing anything to tape.
This erases the beginning of the tape. In the meantime, type your
CSAVE or CSAVEM command, but do not hit ENTER until you
see that the tape is well past the leader. I usually give it about ten
seconds before typing ENTER. This procedure not only makes sure
that I get past the leader, but also guarantees that there is blank
space before the program to make reading it easier. Works every
time.
For the disk users among you, I would like to announce two new
products: STAR-DOS 64 and STAR FLEX. Both are disk
operating systems for 64K computers. STAR FLEX is the famous
FLEX system by Technical Systems Consultants, adapted for the
CoCo, while STAR-DOS 64 is our own STAR DOS, but modified
for 64K computers. Both come with high resolution screens and
have many features for the more advanced disk user. STAR FLEX
is, of course, compatible with the large amount of software
developed over the years for FLEX systems. STAR-DOS 64 will
also run much of that software, but its big advantage (besides the
fact that it is cheaper) is that its disk format is the same as Radio
Shack's.
If you do not have a 64K system, then by all means consider the
original STAR-DOS. The upgrade from STAR DOS to STAR- DOS
64 is just the price difference between the two, so you can upgrade
at any time. (But before getting any DOS for your CoCo, read our
February advertisement!)
That's it for this month. Until June, just remember: On a Clear
Disk, You Can Seek Forever.
SPELL 'N FIX
Regardless of whose text processor you use, let SPELL 'N FIX find
and fix your spelling and typing mistakes. It reads text faster than
you can, and spots and corrects errors even experienced
proofreaders miss. It is compatible with all Color Computer text
processors. $69.29 in the Radio Shack disk or cassette versions;
$89.29 in the Flex version. (20,000 word dictionary is standard;
optional 75,000 word Super Dictionary costs $50 additional.)
HUMBUG — THE SUPER MONITOR
A complete monitor and debugging system which lets you input
programs and data into memory, list memory contents, insert
multiple breakpoints, single-step, test, checksum, and compare
memory contents, find data in memory, start and stop programs,
upload and download, save to tape, connect the Color Computer t o
a terminal, printer, or remote computer, and more. HUMBUG on
disk or cassette costs just $39.95, special 64K version for FLEX or
STAR-DOS 64 costs $49.95.
STAR-DOS
A Disk Operating System specially designed for the Color
Computer, STAR-DOS is fully compatible with your present Color
Computer disk format — it reads disks written by Extended Disk
Basic and vice versa. STAR-DOS for 16K or 32K systems costs
$49.90; STAR-DOS 64 for 64K systems costs $74.90.
STAR FLEX
The best implementation of FLEX for the Color Computer.
Complete with all utilities, text editor, macro assembler, and
HUMBUG debug monitor, $250.00.
ALL IN ONE — Editor Etc.
Three programs in one — a full function Editor, a Text Processor
and a Mailing List/Label program. All this for just $50. Requires
STAR- DOS and 32K, or STAR-DOS 64, or FLEX, specify which.
DBLS for Data Bases
DBLS stands for Data Base Lookup System. A super-fast system
for searching for a selected record in a sequential disk file. Supplied
with SPELL 'N FIX's 20,000 word dictionary as a sample data file —
lets you look up the spelling of any word in under FOUR seconds.
Priced at $29.95. Requires STAR-DOS.
CHECK 'N TAX
Home accounting package combines checkbook maintenance and
income tax data collection. Written in Basic for either RS Disk or
Flex, $50.
REMOTERM
REMOTERM — makes your CoCo into a host computer, operated
from a remote terminal. $19.95.
NEWTALK
NEWTALK — a memory examine utility for machine language
programmers which reads out memory contents through the TV
set speaker. $20.
SHRINK
SHRINK — our version of Eliza, in machine language and
extremely fast. $15.
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE
Introduction to Numerical Methods — college level course on
computer math, $75.00.
We accept cash, check, COD, Visa, or Master Card. NY State
residents please add appropriate sales tax.
Star-Kits
P.O. BOX 209 — R
MT. KISCO, N.Y. 10^49
(914) 241-0287
PHOTOfest
A Brief Pictorial of RAINBOWfest
Had a wonderful time. Wish you were
there. Fact is, several thousand of us were
at RAINBOWfest and, by all accounts, it
was a huge success. From Don Inman's
insightful breakfast address to the infor-
mative seminars by Fred Scerbo, Dr. Hal
Snyder, Charlie Roslund, E. R. Bailey,
Lonnie Falk, Tom Nelson and Steve Bjork,
to all the activities in the crowded Mayoral
Ballroom exhibit hall, CoCo's very first
show was a time to learn, a time to explore
and, perhaps most of all, a time to meet
people. When will the next one be, and
where? Stay tuned. We don't think we can
wait a year.
122
the RAINBOW July 1983
1
Whatzit?
Itz A Scrambled
Word Game
By Randall Smith
Whatzit is a one or two player scrambled word game using
P MODE 3 to generate the screen format and character set.
The game requires 16K and Extended BASIC. I'm sorry to
say that it doesn't seem to want to run in a 1 6K machine with
the disk drive attached.
The game, as written, is geared toward the older child or
adult. The word list can be easily changed to fit any age
group. One thing 1 Ve noticed in writing this game is the need
to choose your list carefully, so as to reduce the number of
words that consist of letters that would form a different
word, when rearranged, to a minimum; e.g. BAT-TAB,
KEEP-PEEK. I tried to use a word list that kept this prob-
lem to a minimum, but I don't think it's possible to com-
pletely eliminate the problem. The word list contains 232
words. If you change it to a different number of words, the
contents of lines 90 and 270 will have to be changed to match
the number of words used.
On running the program you are greeted with options to
see the directions orbypass them, and to choose the number
of players. The input is error trapped throughout, and
screen and sound prompts will guide you through the game.
The score given for each correct guess is a result of the
formula in line 630 and is a function of both the time
required and length of the word. You are given approxi-
mately 30 seconds to enter the correct answer. If you mistype
a letter the entry can be erased and started over by pressing
the left arrow key. If you fail to guess the word the correct
response will be displayed at the expiration of time.
Enough about the playing directions; they're well-docu-
mented in the internal documentation. Let's take a look at
some of the logic of the program:
LINES
Sets up title screen, initializes variables
Sets up the graphic screen
Chooses word and scrambles it
Determines placement of word on the screen
Puts scrambled word on the screen
Timing loop for answer
Erases scrambled word and displays correct
answer
( Mr. Smith is a supervisor at a state training center for
retarded citizens. He is an avid "Co Co Hacker" and is
also pursuing a degree in computer technology.)
J0-J40
150-260
270-370
380
390-420
430-490
500-550
560-570
580-620
630-650
660-750
760-820
830-880
890-1240
1250-1320
Sets up placement of keyboard entry on
screen
Reads and error traps keyboard entries,
displays it on the screen
Calculates score and gets the next word
Displays end of game message
Updates and displays scores after each word
Word list
Data for font set
Directions for playing game
The use of an incrementing scale value in the DRAW
command, when displaying the scrambled word, results in
the letters appearing to grow on the screen. Because of the
varying lengths of the words, the beginning point for each
word had to be figured to keep them centered. This was
accomplished by the formula in line 560. The algorithm to
scramble the word is in lines 280-340. Each word is checked
in line 340 to be sure it is scrambled.
The font set used to generate the characters in the game is
of my own design and is made with a 5 x 7 matrix. 1 tried to
make it resemble the screen character set as much as possi-
ble. The font set can be utilized in your own programs by
deleting all the lines in this program except lines 890-1240.
These lines can then be saved to tape or disk and loaded back
in memory before you begin writing the program. The size of
the characters can be controlled by use of the scale factor in
the DRA W command.
Clearing the screen of the previous entries was done by
using the /M/tVT command to fill in the box at the bottom
of thescreen with the background color. This method works
well if you are clearing out an area completely enclosed by
the same color. To clear out the center of the screen it was
necessary to use the LINE, BF command with the back-
ground color. These methods are both utilized in line 640.
I feel the program is quite flexible for different situations.
By customizing the word list it can be made suitable for all
age groups or for special occasions like bridal or baby
showers or to challenge people in different vocabulary areas;
such as specialized technical field words, states, countries —
well, you get the idea. We've played with it for over a year
and I hope you get as much enjoyment out of it as we have. If
you get a score of 8000 or greater you've done real well. So,
get those thinking caps on and let's play Whatzit!
124 the RAINBOW July 1983
The listing:
*
DuU . . .
0FC7
0971
19A9
240
04BF
960 . .
1513
410
074B
1110 .
.. 1754
590
097F
1250 .
. 1A0C
680..
. OBAA
END .
..1D00
10 '***WHATZIT A WORD GAME***
20 '***BY RANDALL A. SMITH***
30 'IF YOU CHANGE OR ADD TO THE
40 ' WORD LIST, YOU WILL HAVE TO
50 'DETERMINE HOW MANY WORDS YOU
60 ' HAVE AND ADJUST THE COUNT IN
70 'LINES 90 ic 270 ACCORDINGLY
80 CLS : SOUND200 , 1 : PCLEAR4 : PM0DE3
, 1 :PCLSRND<4) :SCREENl,RND(2)-l:C
LEAR350: DIM CH* (35) , U ( 10) , B ( 12) ,
SC*(2) :T=RND< -TIMER)
90 FOR X=l TO 232: READ X*:NEXT:F
OR X=0 TO 35: READ CH* (X) : NEXT: RE
STORE
100 SOUND200,2:FORX=1024 TO 1055
:POKEX, 134:NEXT:FORX=1056 TO 147
2 STEP32:P0KEX, 134IP0KEX+31, 134:
NEXT: FORX=l 504 TO 1535: POKEX, 134
:next
110 prints225, "do you want instr
uctions(y/n)?";
115 PRINTS170, "w h a t z i t";
120 IN*=INKEY*: IF IN*="Y"THEN GO
SUB 1250 ELSE IF IN*=""THEN 120
130 PRINTS225, " HOW MANY PLAYER
S (1 OR 2)? "5
140 PL*=INKEY*: IF PL*<>"1" AND P
L*<>"2" THEN 140 ELSE PL=VAL(PL*
) :SOUND200, 1
1 50 PCLS : DRAW 11 BM0 , 1 2 J C8 ; S8 " +CH* (
30) +CH* <25) : GET <0, 0) - <28, 14) , U, G
: GET (128, 96) -(156, 110) ,B
1 60 PCLS : DRAW " BM83 , 1 2 ; S8 ; C7 " +CH*
( 32 ) +CH* (17) +CH* (10)
170 DRAW CH*(29)+CH*(35)+CH*(18)
+CH*(29)
1 80 DRAW " BM0 , 30 " +CH* ( 25 ) +CH* ( 2 1 )
+CH*(10)
190 DRAW CH*(34)+CH*(14)+CH*(27)
+CH* ( 1 )
200 DRAW " BM0 , 48 " +CH* ( 28 ) +CH* (12)
+CH* (24) +CH* (27) +CH* ( 14) : C0L0R8,
5: LINE (69, 33) -(126, 51) ,PSET,B
210 IF PL=1 THEN 240 ELSE C0L0R7
, 5 : DRAW " BM 1 63 , 30 " +CH* ( 25 ) +CH* ( 2 1
) +CH* ( 10)
220 DRAW CH*(34)+CH*(14)+CH*(27)
+CH*(2)
230 DRAW " BM1 9 1 , 48 " +CH* ( 28 ) +CH* ( 1
2) +CH* (24) +CH* (27) +CH* ( 14) : COLOR
8,5: LINE (128, 33) -(185, 51) ,PSET,B
240 LINE (52, 171) -(200, 190) ,PSET,
B
IF PL=2 THEN LP=2:PL=PL-1
260 PUT (0,52) -(28, 66) ,U,PSET:SCR
EEN1 , 1
270 FOR WORD=l TO 10: FOR X=l TO
RND (232) : READ W*:NEXT X: RESTORE
280 L=LEN(W*)
290 W(1)=RND(L-1)+1
300 FOR X=2 TO L
310 W(X)=RND(L)
320 FOR XX=1 TO X-l : IF W ( X X ) =W ( X
) THEN310 ELSE NEXT XX:NEXT X
330 FOR X=l TO L:W*(W(X) )=MID*(W
*,x,d:next x
340 J*= FOR X=l TO L:J*=J*+W*(
X):NEXT X:IF J*=W* THEN 290
350 DRAW " BM65 , 187?C6; S8"+CH* ( 17)
+CH*(18)+CH*(29)
360 DRAW " BM+ 1 0 , +0 " +CH* (14) +CH* ( 2
3 ) +CH* ( 29 ) +CH* (14) +CH* ( 27 )
370 IF INKEY*OCHR*(13) THEN 370
ELSE PAINT (128, 175) ,5,8
380 L=LEN(J*) :M=INT(132-(21*(LEN
(J*)/2))-21)
390 FOR X=l TO L:M=M+21:F0R S=l
TO10 STEP 3
400 DRAW"BM"+STR*(M)+", 100;C6SS"
+STR*(S)+CH*(ASC(MID*(J*, X, 1) > -5
5)
410 PLAY " V3 1 ; T230; L230 j 03 ; A " : DRA
W " BM " +STR* ( M ) + " , 1 00 ; C5; S " +STR* ( S
)+CH*(ASC(MID*(J*, X, 1) )-55)
r
GUARDIAN
by
WILLIAMS®
You've played "DEFENDER" at the arcade, but
you've only seen the "attempted copies" for your
Color Computerl Now get the real thing!
Stunning sounds and explosions good enough to
be approved by Williams Electronics (Makers of
"DEFENDER").
Order now by check, M.O., C.O.D.. or see your
dealer ... (If he doesn't have it yet. send him to usl)
$27.95 - Tape
$29.95 — Disk
Add $1.50 per order for postage and handling.
California residents add 6%,
QUASAR ANIMATIONS
1520 Pacific Beach Drive
San Diego, CA 92109
(619) 274-2202
WILLIAMS is a registered trademark of Williams Electronics.
J
420 NEXT S:DRAW"BM"+STR*(M)+", 10
0;C6;S12"+CH*(ASC(MID*(J*,X, 1) )-
55): NEXT X
430 T=2000
440 GOSUB560
450 T=T-l:IF T=0 THEN BOSUB470:B
OTO650
460 GOTO580
470 PLAY" T3; L3; V31 » 01 ; B; L2; A"
480 PAINT < 128, 175) ,5,8
490 IF T>0 THEN GOSUB560 : RETURN
500 LINE<0, 79) -<255, 100) , PRESET,
BF
510 M=INT(132-(21*(LEN(J*)/2) )-2
1)
520 FOR X=l TO LEN(W*) :M=M+21
530 DRAW"BM"+STR*(M)+", 100;C8;S1
2"+CH*<ASC<MID*<W*, X,2) )-55) :NEX
T X
540 FOR X=l TO 1000: NEXT: LINE <0,
79) - (255, 100) , PRESET, BF
550 RETURN
560 WW*= M=INT(130-(14*LEN(W*)
/2) )
570 DRAW"BM"+STR*(M)+", 187;C6;S8
" : RETURN
580 IN*=INKEY*: IF IN*=""THEN GO
TO450
590 IF ASC(IN*>=8 THEN WW*= GO
TO 610 ELSE IF ASC(IN*)=13 THEN
PAK NO.
PROGRAM SIDE 1
s
PROGRAM SIDE 2
DUO-PAK-l
GONE FISHING
/
CONCENTRATION
DUO-PflK-2
CRAPS
/
SLOT-MACHINE
DUO-PAK-3
STflRSHIP
/
SHERLOCK HOLMES
OUa-PPK-4
TANK ATTACK
/
ASSOCIATION
DUO-PAK-3
NUMBER GUESS
/
DICE ROLL
DUO-PAK-6
IN-BETWEEN
/
SHELL GAME
DUO-PAK-7
SAFARI
/
STARSHIP-2
DUO-PAK-8
MORTAR BATTLE
/
PUZZLE
DUO-PAK-9
TEASERS
/
MOUSE
DUO-PflK-10
PT BOAT
/
TURTLE RACE
DUO-PAK-ll
CHEK-CHES
/
STARSHIP-3
DUO-PAK-12
THINK
/
LUCK i LOGIC
DUO-PAK-13
TREASURE ISLAND
/
RESCUE
OUO-PflX-300
DC-OHMS LAW
/
FLC-FRC
DUO-PAK-301
IC-TIMER-1
/
IC-TIMER 2
*******************************(***************
SYSTEM PROGRAMS 110 EACH
SU1 CASSETTE COPY /• CASSETTE COPY
***********************************************
ORDERS MILL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL PPD.
SORRY NO COD' S
BE SURE TO SPECIFY WHICH COMPUTER YOU HAVE.
B. ERICKSON P.O. BOX 11099
CHICAGO. IL. 60611
620 ELSE IF ASC(IN*)<65 OR ASC < I
N*)>90 THEN GOTO450
600 IF LEN(WW*)=LEN(W*) THEN 450
ELSE DRAM CH* ( ASC (IN*) -55 ) : WW*=
WW*+IN*:GOTO450
610 PAINT (128, 175) ,5,8: GOSUB560:
GOTO450
620 IF WW*=W* THEN PLAY"V31 ; L10;
T100;O3;A;B;C;D;E;F;G" ELSE GOSU
B470: IF T>0 THEN 450 ELSE G0T065
0
630 SC*(PL)=STR*( (INT( (LEN(W*)*3
0)+T/2.86) ) +VAL ( SC* ( PL ) )) : G0SUB7
60
640 FOR X=l TO 500: NEXT: LINE (0,7
9) -(255, 100) , PRESET, BF: PAINT (128
, 175) ,5,8
650 NEXT WORD: IF LP=2 THEN PL=PL
+ 1 : LP=0: PUT (0, 52) - (28, 66) , B: PUT (
227 , 52 ) - ( 255 , 66 ) , U , PSET : PLAY " T3 ;
L3 ; 03 ; V3 l ; G ; L3 ; 02 ; G " : GOTO270
660 IF PL=2 THEN PUT (227, 52) - (25
5,66),B ELSE PUT (0, 52) - (28, 66) , B
670 DRAM "BM13, 100; C7; S16"+CH* ( 16
) +CH* (10) +CH* ( 22 ) +CH* (14)
680 DR AM " BM 1 45 , 1 00 " +CH* ( 24 ) +CH* (
31 ) +CH* ( 14) +CH* (27)
690 DRAM " BM65 , 187 ; C6; S8"+CH* (17)
+CH*(18)+CH*(29)
700 DRAM "BM+10, +0" +CH* (14) +CH* ( 2
3)+CH* (29) +CH* ( 14) +CH* (27)
710 IF VAL(SC*(1) ) >VAL(SC*(2) ) T
HEN DRAM"BM107,25" ELSE DRAM "BM1
49,25"
720 DRAM " S4 ; C8 ; NU5 ; NE5 ; NR5 ; NF5 ; N
D5;NG5;NL5;NH5":for x=l TO 100: N
EXT
730 dram " c5 ; nu5 ; ne5; nr5; nf5 ; nd5 ;
ng5;nl5;nh5":for x=itoi00:next
740 if inkey*ochr*(13) then 720
750 sc* ( 1 ) ="0" : sc* (2) ="0" : screen
0,0: GOTO 130
760 L=LEN ( SC* ( PL ) ) - 1 : ON PL G0T07
70, 780
770 PAINT(98,36) ,5,8:M=INT(101-(
14*L/2) -14) : GOTO790
780 PAINT (158, 36) , 5, 8: M=INT ( 160-
(14*L/2)-14)
790 FOR SC=2 TO L+l : M=M+14: DRAM"
BM" +STR* (M) +" , 48; C6; S8"
800 DRAM CH*(ASC(MID*(SC*(PL) , SC
, 1) )-48)
810 NEXT SC
820 RETURN
830 DATA SIRLOIN, HELP, ASSIST, DON
E, REMEMBER, WORK, LADY, NAME, PROGRA
M , NUMBER , C I GAR , GRAPH , D I SH , MOTOR ,
ENG I NE , BODY , AUTOMOB I LE , TRUCK , SWE
EP , L AMP , L I GHT, D I SPLAY , REC I PE , AUT
OMATIC, FEATURE, ADVENTURE, CONTEST
START
COMPUTER PROGRAMS
TRS-80 MODEL 1/3 16K LEVEL II
TRS-80 16K COLOR
S3 FROG PACE *3
DEMO PROGRAM FROG RACE COMES ON CASSETTE WITH A
REFUND COUPON TO USE ON YOUR NEXT ORDER.
FROG RACE CASSETTE $3. WITH CATALOG
DUO-PAKS ARE
126 the RAINBOW July 1983
IIS, JUST , W I LD , MOTHER , FATHER , UNC
:, AUNT, SHOCK, EXACT, GENEROUS, BRO
WN , BLUE , GREEN , PURPLE , E I GH
860 DATA INDIAN, STATE, COUNTRY, TH
AT, POLICE, PECAN, WALNUT, BROOM, SAG
E, PEPPER, MALT, DRUG, STAMP, ENVELOP
E, HEAT, CLEAN, DIRTY, CARPET, SOFA, C
OUCH, TABLE, FLOWER, SHACK, LOOK, SHO
E , PANTS , DRESS , SH I RT , SOCK , M I TTEN P
GLOVE , STRANGE ,CITY,TOWN,BRIGHT,l
E AUT I FUL , NOVEL , SW I NG , FORM
870 DATA CAB I NET, DRIFT, FLOAT, PRI
TEND , AUD I O , DOCTOR , DENT I ST , NURSE ,
RENT , LEASE , SK I LLET , BRO I L , BAKE ct
9
FR
Ei;R2;Fl;Dl;Gi
IHl;BM+7,+0"
NR4 ; M+3 , -3 ; D6 ; BM+4
,+0"
940 DATA "BU4;NR3;U2;R4;BD2;BLl;
fi; D2;gi;L2;hi;bm+7,+i"
950 DATA "BU6;BR3;NFJ?L2;Gl;D2;N
R3; D2; Fl ; R2 ; El ; Ul ; HI ; BM+4, +3"
960 DATA "Ul;BU5;R4;Dl;M-4,+4;BM
+7,+l"
CIRCLE CITY
SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 30166
Indianapolis, Indiana 46220
o
I
Credit Card Customers
include number and expiration date.
SEA TRADER
A new game in which you play an 18th cen
tury sea captain plying the trade routes.
The you start start out on a shoestring
and try to become a billionaire. Hazzards
include pirates, storms, bad markets,
and bad debts. People have become
so fascinated with this game that
they actually cheat to keep from
winning. 16K color basic, tape or disk
$19.95.
COLOR STAR PILOT
Take a trek through space to defeat the
alien enemy in this superior version of
a classic space game! Reviewed in Rain
bow. Requires extended basic. Comes
with 32K 3-level game or 16K novice
version. Tape or disk $19.95.
N EW MASTER DISK $29.95
A touch of a button allows you to keep tabs
on your disk library. Creates directory files
directly from 100 of your source disks on one
Master Disk. Search by file name, file type,
disk name, free space, or individual directory.
All output can be sent to line printer. Menu
driven and very user friendly! This is an im-
proved version of the program reviewed inThe
Rainbow. Optional accessory package adds
even more features. 16K or 32 K disk required.
ACCESSORY PACKAGE $20.00
A second disk for improved versions of the or-
iginal single-disk accessory programs. Includes
notebook for storage of disks and paperwork.
*SORT*
New Sort program is faster and more efficient
than original version. Runs in 16 or 32K to
produce an alphabetic listing of all file types
you specify.
♦RECOVER*
New Recover program not only rewrites direc-
tories from master files but can rebuild an en-
tire disk to eliminate "10" errors.
*ZAP*
New addition. User friendly directory Zapper
to manually correct directory data when all
else fails. Menu-driven with help files for
novices.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 127
970 DATA "BUl;Ui;El;R2;El;Ul;Hl;
L2;gi;di ;fi;R2;F1;di;gi;L2;hi;bm
+7,+l"
980 DATA "BUI > F 1 > R2> El ; U4; HI ; L2;
Gl ; Dl ; Fl ; R3; BM+3, +3"
990 DATA "U5;El;R2;Fl;D3;NL4;D2;
BR3"
1000 DATA "U6;R3;F1;D1;G1;NL3;F1
;Dl;Gl;L3;BR7"
1010 DATA "BUl;U4;El;R2;Fl;BD4;G
l;L2;Hl;BR7;BDl"
1020 DATA "Rl;U6;NLl;R2;Fl;D4;Gl
; L2;BR6"
1030 DATA "U3;NR3;U3;R4;BD6;L4;B
R7"
1040 DATA "U3;NR3;U3;R4;BD6;BR3"
1050 DATA "BUl;U4;El;R3;BD4;NLl;
D2;L3;hi;br7;bdi h
1060 data "u3;nr4;u3;br4;d6;br3"
1070 DATA "BU6;BRl;Rl;ND6;Rl;BRl
;BD6;BLi;l_2;BR6"
1080 DATA "BU2;Dl;Fl;R2;El;U5;BD
6;BR3"
1090 DATA "U6;BR4;M-4,+3;M+4,+3;
BR3"
1100 DATA "NU6;R4;BR3"
1110 DATA" "U6;M+2,+3;M+2,-3;D6;B
R3"
UPSET]
ABOUT POOR
VIDEO QUALITY?
We can fix it !
Designed
by
Dennis E3-
I I
ASSEMBLED LOWER CASE MODULE $69.95
Easy to install - No software changes
Adds lower case with true descenders.
BOARD ONLY $12.00
TV Buff
will give standard NTSC
video output for virtually
any monitor $ 9.95
send $1,60 for our
complete catalog
dealers caff (212) 499 -5400
WORLD ELECTRONICS
177 2 7th Street
Brooklyn, N.y. 11232
1120 DATA
1130 DATA
1140 DATA
BR7"
1150 DATA
;L2;hi;bei
1160 DATA
M+3 , +3 ; BR3
1170 DATA
i;L2;gi;di
1180 DATA
" U6 ; M+4 , +6 ; U6 5 BD6 ; BR3 "
"U6;R4;D6;L4;BR7"
"U6;R3;Fl;Di;Gi5L3;D3;
"BUl;U4;Ei;R2;Fl;D4;6i
;BRl;F2;BR3"
"U6;R3;Fl;Dl ;G1 »L3;R1;
II
"BUI ; Fl ; R2 ; El ; Ul ; BU3; H
;M+4, +2;BR3;BD2"
" BU6 ; R2 ; ND6 ; R2; BD6 J BR3
II
128
1190 data h bui;U5;br4;D5;gi;L2;h
l;BDl;BR7"
1200 DATA "BU6;M+2,+6;M+2,-6;BD6
;BR3"
1210 DATA "U6;BR4;D6;M-2,-2;NUl;
M-2,+2;BR7"
1220 DATA "Ul;M+4,-4;ul;BL4;Di;M
+4,+4;Dl;BR3"
1230 DATA "BR2;U3;M-2,-2;Ul;BR4;
D 1 ; M-2 , +2 ; BD3 ; BR5"
1240 DATA "BU6;R4;M-4,+6;R4;BR3"
1250 CLS: PRINT: PRINT" IN whatz
it A SCRAMBLED GROUPOF LETTERS
WILL APPEAR. YOU WILLHAVE APPROX
IMATELY THIRTY SEC- ONDS IN WHI
CH TO FIGURE OUT THE CORRECT WOR
D THESE LETTERS FORM AND ENTER T
HEM ON THE KEYBOARD. "
1260 PRINT" IF YOU MAKE A TYPING
ERROR, YOU MAY HIT THE * KEY A
ND START OVER. IF YOU < ENTER >
THE WRONG ANSWER, IT WILL BE ER
ASED AND YOU MAY RE-ENTER IT A
S TIME AL-"
1270 PRINT " LOWS. THE GAME MAY BE
PLAYED BY EITHER ONE OR TWO PEO
PLE. ": PRINT: PRINT" HIT ANY KE
Y TO CONTINUE";
1280 IF INKEY*=" "THEN 1280
1290 CLS: PR I NT: PR I NT" EACH PL A
YER GETS TEN RANDOM- LY CHOSEN W
ORDS IN EACH ROUND. YOUR SCORE
IS BASED ON BOTH THE AMOUNT OF T
I ME YOU USE AND THE LENGTH OF T
HE SCRAMBLED WORD. 11
1300 PR I NT "PLEASE NOTE THAT YOUR
ANSWER IS NOT COMPLETE UNTIL YO
U PRESS < ENTER >. THE TIMER DO
ES NOT START UNTIL ALL THE S
CRAMBLED LETTERS ARE ON THE SC
REEN. FOL- LOW THE PROMPTS AS TH
EY APPEAR ON THE SCREEN AND GOO
D LUCK ! ! "
1310 PRINT: PRINT" HIT ANY KEY TO
BEGIN THE GAME"
1320 IF I NKE Y*= " " THEN 1320 ELSE
CLSRND < 8 ) : GOTO 1 30
. 0%
the RAINBOW July 1983
WORKSAVER RECEIVES
RAVE REVIEWS
FROM COLOR COMPUTER NEWS AND RAINBOW
• Fast Entry of
Basic Programs
• Over 100 user
definable keys
• Enhances all Coco's
from 16K Non Extended
Basic to Extended, 64K,
Disk
• Available on Disk or
cassette
• Built in cassette merge
• User's Support Service
"There are a number of
products on the Coco
market. .the WORKSAVER
ranks up there with the
best of them"
—Rainbow Dec. '821
..undoubtedly the best
program I have ever
bought for my color
computer"
—Color Computer News
Jan. '83
"the main function of the
program seems to be mak-\
ing things easier and morel
functional for the user. It
succeeds extremely well"
—Color Computer News
Jan. s 83
THE WORKSAVER WILL SAVE YOU HOURS OF WORK...WRITING AND DEBUGGING YOUR PROGRAMS 11
— Rainbow Dec. "82
FULL SCREEN EDITOR
-WANT TO CHANGE the fine a
couple lines up? Simple. Use the
arrow keys to the appropriate
place and make the change. This is
not only a lot easier, but it is vastly
faster, too. ..changing fine
numbers, joining iines together,
breaking them apart, duplicating
them elsewhere— heady stuff— is
very easy fo do with the
Worksaver" (Rainbow)
DYNAMIC EDITING
This is one of our users' favorite
features: When the computer halts
due to an error, or you want to
make an improvement while run-
ning, you can make changes
without losing data: 'This is a ma-
jor plus in debugging,, .it can save
a lot of time in data loads„,(and)
the generation of data through in-
puts." Rainbow Dec/82
"The things that this program
add to the color computer...
INCREASE ITS
CAPABILITIES MANIFOLD
...it should have been incor-
porated into the original
MICROSOFT programming (or)
given out with every color com-
puter."
—Color Computer News Jan '83
THE PLATINUM WORKSAVER
INCLUDES:
• Enhancement program, including a
sample array editor on a high-quality
Agfa cassette.
• Fully labeled acetate keyboard over-
lay, not a cheap stick-on.
• Complete instructions
• Loads in seconds, takes 2.2 K
WORKSAVER A1 A3 OWNERS:
Contact us regarding return policy for
our New A-4 version.
The PLATINUM WORKSAVER costs
$35.00 plus $3.00 S&H (NY residents
add appropriate tax). To order write:
— PLATINUM SOFTWARE
m^S P.O. Box 833
Plattsburgh, N.Y. 12901
Phone orders: (518) 643-2650 9-5 EST
VISA, MASTERCARD ACCEPTED. PERSONAL CHECKS
TAKE 2-3 WEEKS TO PROCESS.
DYNAMIC INPUT
Perform numeric calculations,
and check the contents of ar-
rays and variables, WITHOUT in-
terrupting the running of BASIC
programs: "An EXTREMELY
valuable feature that I use ALL
the time."
—Color Computer News Jan. '83
NUMERIC KEYPAD
CONVERSION
"The keys JKLUIOP are defined
as the numbers 1-7, respective
fy..>this mode is a Godsend for
long data statements. "
—Color Computer News Jan. 83
FULL FEATURED
4 COLOR
KEYBOARD OVERLAY
"TRUTH: The WORKSAVER
overlay is the best we have
seen for this type of program. "
—The Rainbow Dec. 82
"A well designed keyboard
over la y (NO T a s tick er../'
— Color Computer News Jar*.
EDUCATION NOTES
\ 16K
■
tne
•»*
RAINBOW
ECB
Learning
To Create
Forms of Subsl^iS
1M
By Steve
- , -
ing Editor
r-
yfryj>
W
m
hen was the last time you filled out a form? I
sometimes feel that I am constantly asked to fill out
a form of one kind or another.
A surprising number of students are unable to independ-
ently complete many forms and applications. In a world full of
forms, it is essential to have the ability to fill them out
properly. Too often, mistakes are made by handlers of these
forms even after we have completed them correctly. Let's at
least learn to do our part right.
We have all had experiences filling out charge, employ-
ment, school, social security, motor vehicle, bank account,
health insurance, and innumerable other forms and applica-
tions. Yet, this is not a subject often taught in our schools. It
really should be taught as part of a "survival education" or
"life preparation" course. Too frequently, children encounter
these legalistic looking papers for the first time when they
actually have to fill them out for a real purpose.
This month's program offers practice and some teaching of
a few of the common elements of applications. It is by no
means a comprehensive course in filling out forms. It is merely
a start on this path.
You may be surprised to find which items confuse certain
children. I am constantly surprised by this. My own 10 year
old was totally baffled on whether his borough or city should
go into the "city" space. (The borough is usually the expected
correct response in New York City.) Many children who are
well aware of the answer are confused about exactly how they
should enter their date of birth. Don't be surprised when
unusual answers occur. A common answer to the questions of
the RAINBOW July 1983
"sex" for many children is "yes" or "no" rather than "male"
or "female. "This is the time and place for the kids to learn
the correct responses.
Much effort went into anticipating the various possible
mistakes that children may make on the individual items.
For example, line 250 will automatically insert a comma
after the name of the city. Lines 310 and 340 will similarly
place parentheses around the area code in a telephone
number.
Some items on applications have variable lengths. As
much room as possible was left to accommodate names of
persons and cities. Other items, however, have definite
lengths. This program coaxes the child to use only the
correct number of entries. For example, the U.S. Post Office
has two letter abbreviations for all of the 50 states. No
periods are used anymore. Line 260 checks to see if two
letters were used for the state's entry. If other than two
letters are used, the program goes to line 520 where the
message "all states use two letters" is flashed. Then the child
is always given another chance to enter the item correctly.
Area codes, zip codes, and telephone numbers have similar
error trapping and messages. Of course, ifyou live in an area
that has different rules, then change the values in the
appropriate places to reflect your needs..
Most applications expect two digit answers for data of
birth questions. February 20, 1960, usually appears as
02/20/60. This program reinforces the use of two digits and
checKs on lines 430 and 450 for improper month or date
(Mr. Blyn, who teaches both exceptional and gifted children, holds
two Master 's degrees in the field of education and has won an award
for the design of a com puter program to aid handicapped children.
He and his wife, Cheryl, own Computer Island.)
entries. Line 630 prints the error message for these re-
sponses.
After the lastentry is completed, the message "your appli-
cation is accepted" is scrolled across the bottom of the
screen. Other possible items that you may wish to include in
an enlarged version are sex, date, height, weight, hair and
eye color, references, etc.
We welcome your comments as well as the opinion of any
youngsters who make use of this program. Let's hear from
you.
The listing:
7/
430
0590
120
01B9
560
0858
260..
. . Q36C
END
. . 0AC7
10 REM*STEVE BLYN, COMPUTER ISLAN
D
20 CLEAR500
30 CLS: PRINT@96, "DO YOU HAVE A P
R INTER TURNED ON": INPUT PR*: IF L
EFT* ( PR* , 1 ) = " Y " THEN PR= 1
40 P0KE359 , 57 : SCREEN0, 1 : REM****
♦LET'S USE A DIFFERENT COLORED
SCREEN FOR A WELCOME CHANGE
50 CLS
60 PRINT@6, "*appl ication form*";
70 PR I NTS32 , " NAME : " ;
80 PRINT869, "
90 PR I NTS 102, "LAST
RST " ;
FI
100 PRINTS37,
II II ■
9
LINE INPUTL$:SO
Spellbinding ?
^-^^ Of Course! And Educational Too! 0^9
"Hello, I'm Merlapple™ the Wizard. My friends and I from Follett Library Book Company are helping grade school
>,\ children all over Ine United States build logic, math and language skills through six unique programs designed for the
Radio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer.
These widely acclaimed, award winning games from The Learning Company capture the fancy and test the reasoning pro-
cesses of boys and girls ages preschool through thirteen. Using both high and low resolution graphics, the games range from easy to "mind-boggling", each offering a
distinct challenge to its players. "How-to-play" enactments contribute to program understanding, while both graphic and musical feedback enhance learning.
The six outstanding programs offered include Juggles RainbowTM ( Bumble Plot™, Bumble Games™, Magic Spells™, and Moptown Hotel™. To order
any or all of the above programs, please return the order form below.
PRICES SUBJECTTO CHANGE
SOFTWARE ORDER FORM
Date
RADIO SHACK COLOR COMPUTER (16K EXTENDED BASIC!
CASSETTES
DISKETTES
PROGRAM
TITLE
OftOEPl
NUMBER
PRICE
Oil A NT IT V
ORDER
NUMBER
PRICE
QUANTITY
,
Juggle * Riiniaow
mm
$37
5D202D
Bumble Gamsi
902Q0C
S45
9O2D0D
BumblB Pitt
9D201C
545
902QTD
Mjglt Sp«ll&
9DZ03C
S40
Moplown Hole!
(J programs)
90204C
sarj
902040
m
MapLgwn Paiade
(8 programs I
9B205C
902C&D
TOTAL
TOTAL
Name
School/Library
Address
City
Dist. #
State
Zip
Phone No. of Person Originating Order
- Your FLB Acct. #
P.O.#
CHECK ENCLOSED □
CHARGE CARD #
□
□ EXP. DATE
FOLLETT LIBRARY BOOK CO.
4506 Northwest Highway, Crystal Lake. IL 60014
TOLL-FREE 800-435-6170
In Illinois. Hawaii, Alaska call collect: B15-455-1100
J
July 1983 the RAINBOW 131
UND170,3
110 PRINTS52, " ":PRINT@52, ""; :li
NE INPUTF*:SOUND200,3
120 PRINTS64," ":PRINT@96, " ":'*
♦♦REMOVES LAST AND FIRST
130 PRINTS96, "ADDRESS: ";
140 PRINTS136, "
II
150 PRINT© 169, "STREET AND NUMBER
ii ■
»
160 PRINTS 104, ""; : LINE INPUTS*: SO
UND100,3
170 IF LEN(S*)>24 THEN PRINT© 104
, LEFT* (S*, 24)+"
180 PRINTS132, PRINT@160," "
190 SOSUB200:SOTO210
200 PRINTS160, "
"; : RETURN
210 PRINTTAB ( 10) "CITY"TAB (22) "ST
ATE "TAB (28) "ZIP"
220 PRINTH128, " " ; : L I NE I NPUTC* : SO
UND125,3
230 CC=LEN(C*) : IF CC>22 THEN PR I
NTS128, PRINT@128,LEFT*(C*,22
)
240 IFC022 THEN CC=22
250 PRINTS128+CC, " , " ;
260 PRINTS152, " " ; : L I NE I NPUTST* : I
F LEN(ST*)<>2 THEN BOTO 520
The pyramids of brightly colored cubes would be a simple
challenge for your little Bloc Head - II- it weren't lor the
dispicable characters after him. who try to push him off
the cubes before he can change their colored surfaces!
Bloc Head must dodge the sinister springs, bad eggs. &
other evils. Luckily the good guys give him points and
two elevators help him escape to the top of the pyramid,
leaving the evil pursuers behind. Bloc Head knows that if
hecanjustclcarthc pyramid of cubes, he goes to the next
level of play, always adding up points,
cassette 526« d is k s29« add *2"« shipping
QOMPUTERWARE® @
Bo* 668 • Enclnitas. CA 92024
Dealer inquiries Invited (6 19) 436-3512
132 the RAINBOW July 1983
270 SOUND 150,3
280 PRINTS155, "" f Z LINE INPUT Z*
IF LEN(Z*)<>5 THEN GOTO 530
290 SOUND 180,3
300 PRINTS160, PRINT@192,"
310 PR I NTS 192, "TELEPHONE #: (
)
II
320 PR I NT@236 , " ";
330 PR I NTS205 , " " ; : L I NE I NPUTT* : I F
LEN(T*)<>3 THEN 540
340 PRINTS208, ") ";
350 PRINTS210, PRINTS210, ""; :
LINE INPUT TT* : I FLEN ( TT* ) <>8 THE
N 550
360 IF MID*(TT*,4, 1)<>"-"THEN 55
0
370 PRINTS224, PRINTS256, "AGE
: "; :PRINT@292, " — ";
380 PRINTS260, PRINTS260, " " ; :
LINE INPUT AG*
390 IF VAL(AG*)<1 OR VAL(AG*)>99
THEN GOTO 560
400 PRINTS264, "DATE OF BIRTH:";:
PRINTS310, " — — — ";
410 prints342, "mo.da. yr.";
420 nn= 1 2 : pr i nts278 , pr i nts27
8, " "; :lineinputmo*: iflen(M0*x>2
then goto 570
430 if val(mo*)<0 or val(m0*)>12
then goto 580
440 nn=3 1 : pr i nts28 1 , pr i nts28
1, " " ; : l i ne i nputd a* : iflen(da*)<>2
then goto 590
450 ifval(da*)<0 or val(da*)>31
then goto 600
460 pr i nts284 , " " : pr i nts284 , " " ; :
l i ne i nputyr* : i flen ( yr* ) <>2 theng
OTO 610
470 PRINTS288, " "
480 AP*="your application is acc
epted"
490 F0RT=1T029:PRINT@447-T,LEFT*
( AP*, T) : SOUND230, 1 : NEXTT
500 IF PR=1THEN 640 ELSE 710
510 '*
520 FORT= 1 T03 : PR I NT@420 , " ALL ST A
TES USE 2 LETTERS" ; :SOUND40, 8: NE
XTT:PRINT@152, PRINTS416,
GOSUB200: GOTO260
530 FORT= 1 T03 : PR I NT@4 16," ALL ZIP
CODES HAVE 5 DIGITS. ": SOUND70, 8
:PRINT@155," ": NEXTT: PR
I NT@4 16, GOSUB200 : GOTO280
540 FORT= 1 T03 : PR I NT@4 16," AREA CO
DES HAVE 3 DIGITS. " : SOUND70, 8: Nt£
XTT:PRINT@416, GOTO310
550 F0RT=1T03:PRINT@416, " TELEPH
ONE #'S HAVE 7 DIGITS WITH A
DASH AFTER THE FIRST 3.":SOUND70
,8:NEXTT:PRINT@416, PRINTS448
* Computers produced after ap-
proximately October, 1982 require
an additional keyboard plug
adapter — please add $4.95.
• Affordable Price— Only $69.95.
• A must have for all serious computerists.
• Highest quality— U.S. made.
• Direct replacement — same key layout
• Professional appearance and operation.
• Fast, simple installation.
• Complete instructions included.
• In stock now.
AT YOUR FAVORITE DEALER OR DIRECT FROM
Mark Data Products
24001 ALICIA PKWY., NO. 226, MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691 • (714) 768-1551
We pay shipping on all orders in the continental U.S. and Canada. Overseas add $5.00 for shipping and handling. Foreign orders
please remit U.S. funds. California residents, please add 6% sales tax. We accept MasterCard and VISA. We are always looking
for quality machine language programs. Contact us for details.
APPRAISAL & FINANCIAL
SOFTWARE
INCOME APPROACH PRINTOUT USING
MORTGAGE-EQUITY CAPITALIZATION
It provides a report ready page, listing all
significant details of the cap. rate construc-
tion, capitalization of the net income, round-
ing and comments, if any. Select any
interest or yield rate, and terms within
normal parameters. User friendly; just
answer the questions as to rates, terms, net
appreciation/depreciation, net income and
out comes the Income Approach page. It
takesso little time, you can do it over quickly
if you wish to amend the computation.
Printer required. Tapes $85. Disk $95.
COMPOUND INTEREST & ANNUITY TABLES,
WITH LEASEHOLD AND SUBLEASEHOLD
COMPUTATION PROGRAMS
Have the big book and more for your
assistance at computer speed. Computes
any rate, and terms within normal para-
meters. This alone is worth the price. The
lease program is of inestimable value. User
friendly and menu driven for ease of use.
Printer desireable. Tape $85. Disk $95.
INVESTMENT ADVISOR PROGRAM
Provides practical usage of all six functions
of compound interest: (1) What a fixed
amount left at compound interest will grow
to, (2) What a fixed amount deposited
periodically will grow to, (3) The periodic
deposit required to grow to a fixed amount
by a future date, (4) What a fixed amount due
in the future is worth today, (5) What a fixed
periodic payment for a fixed period of time is
worth today, (6) Fixed periodic payment
required to repay a loan at compound
interest. THESE COMPOUND FUNCTIONS
ARE THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS TO
COMPUTE MOST FINANCIAL PROBLEMS.
Printer desirable. Tape $85. Disk $95.
OTHER COMPUTER SYSTEMS
The programs are being made available
for TRS 80 II & III, Apple, and IBM, PC.
Ask for price.
IN EXTENDED BASIC FOR TRS80CC & TDY100
ORDERING: Include $3. for shipping in
U.S. & Canada; others $6.00. Add $2.00 for
C.O.D. Texas Residents add 5% for sales
tax. 713/780-4566 (9 to 5 C.T.) All pro-
grams prepared by M.A.I, with over 20
years experience. WINSTEAD CO., INC.,
Box 31489, Houston, TX 77231
" " : BOTO 350
560 F0RT=1T03:PRINT@417, "THAT'S
NOT YOUR REAL AGE. . . " : SOUND70, 8:
NEXTT:PRINT@416, "":BOTO 380
570 BOSUB620:6OTO 420
580 6OSUB630:6OTO420
590 BOSUB620IBOTO440
600 BOSUB630: BOTO440
610 BOSUB620:6OTO460
620 FORT= 1 T03 : PR I NTS422 , " USE 2 D
IBITS, PLEASE" : SOUND70, 8: NEXTT: PR
INTS416, RETURN
630 FORT= 1 T03 : PR I NT@4 17," ONLY US
E NUMBERS FROM 1 TO" ; NN: SOUND200
,6:NEXTT:PRINT@416, RETURN
640 PR I NT#-2 , TAB ( 30 ) " APPL I CAT I ON
FORM" : SOSUB720: BOSUB720
650 PR I NT#-2 , TAB ( 5 > " N AME : " TAB ( 20
>L*TAB<40)F*:BOSUB 730
660 PR I NT#-2 , T AB ( 20 ) " LAST " TAB ( 40
) "FIRST" : BOSUB720
670 PRINT#-2,TAB(5) "ADDRESS: "TAB
<20>S*:6OSUB730
680 PRINT#-2,TAB<20)C*", "ST*" "
Z*: BOSUB730: BOSUB720
690 PRINT#-2, TAB (5) "TELEPHONE #:
" TAB ( 20 > " ( " T* " > " TT* : SOSUB730 : BO
SUB720
700 PRINT#-2,TAB(5) "ABE: "TAB (12)
A6*TAB < 20 > " DATE OF BIRTH: "MO*"/
" DA* " / " YR* : BOSUB730
710 END
720 FORT=l TO 2:PRINT#-2, NEX
TT: RETURN
730 PR I NT#-2 , TAB (20) "
II
: RETURN
RAINBOWfest Seminar
Talks Available On Tape
Copies of all seminars given at RAINBOWfest are now
available on audio tape.
In addition, a tape is available of the keynote breakfast
speech given by Don Inman. Seminars were given by
Fred Scerbo of 1MB on educational software; E.R.
Bailey of Micrologic on faster Basic; Dr. Hal Snyder of
the Northern Illinois Color Computer Club on assembly
language techniques; Tom Nelson of Nelson Software on
legal aspects of software marketing; Steve Bjork of
Datasoft on assembly language graphics; Charles
Roslund of Elite Software on machine language utilities
and a cooperative session for CoCo clubs with Lonnie
Falk of the Rainbow. Each session lasted over an hour.
Tapes are $5 each, or all eight for $35. There is a $ 1 .50
shipping and handling charge, whether you buy one or all
of them.
Orders should be sent to Seminar Tapes, Prickly-Pear
Software, 9234 E. 30th Street, Tucson, AZ 857 i 0. Do not
send orders directly to the Rainbow, it will just delay your
order.
the RAINBOW July 1983
PRICKLY- PEAR SOFTWARE
QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COCO & TDP-100
PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K EXTENDED BASIC FOR TAPE, AND 32K DI$K UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
ALL NEW THIS MONTH
Disk Zapper!!!
This great utility is unique in the Color Computer field. It gives you the ability to format and copy disks
with up to 40 tracks, instead of the usual 35. In addition, when copying a disk it will not crash when it
encounters a bad sector. Instead, it tries to read the sector five times and then continues, so you can
retrieve most of the data from even a worst case disk, where the directory track is physically damaged.
These features alone makethis program invaluable, but it will alsocopyany tnackandsectortoany other
(Make a copy of your directory upon track36 where BASIC can't get to it!!!) and allows you to display the
contents of any part of the disk on the screen, where you can examine the information directly and make
any changes you want using a full screen editor. Your changes are automatically made on the disk as you
scan thru the sector There are also many other applications of this powerful utility which are fully
described in the extensive documentation. This is both a programmer's tool and a means to protect your
expensive disk software collection by backing up your disks and your disk directories. DISK ZAPPER!!!
requires 64K and one disk drive. Copy procedure requires two drives. $34.95
Music Box
A 1 00% machine language program that lets you EASILY compose (or type in from sheet music) your
favorite song in FOUR PART HARMONY, and assign a different instrument to each voice. Hear the flute
on the high parts, the bass on the low, and the cello and clarinet on the others. Or, if you prefer, use one
instrument for several voices. This program makes it easy to key in your songs, and they sound great!!
You can play them either backward or forward when you get them done, and you can save them on tape
to be loaded in later. You can easily write pieces that will run for several minutes. The program comes
with a song by BACH, and when you hear it I think you will agree that this song alone is just about worth
the price. You won't believe the music coming out of your TV!! The program comes with lots of
instructions to help you along, and you will find yourself playing your first masterpiece in a very short
time. Requires 16K with any BASIC. Cassette - $24.95
Prickly-Pear Mailing List
We hope you waited for this mailing list program, 'cause you'll be mad at yourself if you didn't!! This
program has six fields for Name, Address, City and State, Phone number, Zip code, and Code. You can
sort alphabetically by last name whether you type your entries with the first name or last name first. You
can sort in Zip Code order. You can search your file on any field you like. You can easily add or delete
entries. You can print any entry — or all entries — or all entries meeting your search criteria. You can print
a phone number list. You can print your labels either one or two across the page. And best of all, you can
do all these things with up to 1 500 records on a single drive systenri. Oh yes, all screen display is in full
upper and lowercase letters on your choice of a green or white background with no adaptors needed. To
use this mailing list you need32K Disk Basic and one disk drive. It comes with very complete instructions
and is a truly "User Friendly" program. $49.95
FOR DISK VERSIONS ON AMDEK CARTRIDGES, ADD $5.
Stocked by Quality Dealers, or
Your Personal check is welcome - no delay. Include Send Order To: PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
$1 .50 shipping for each program ordered. (Shipping free 9234 E. 30th Street
on $50.00 or larger orders). Az. residents add 6% sales Tucson, Arizona 85710
tax. Orders shipped within two days. (602) 886-1505
Super "Color" Library
TM
For the TRS-80 Col
Su|»Cf Color" llUrstV
or and TDP System 100 Personal Computers
No matter what kind of problem you are try\fifi to solve wrth the
Color Computer, there is a program in the ever-expanding
integrated, Super "Color" Library that w.l) give you the solution;
Faster. Better, Smarter!
Every Library program features MEMORY-SENSE to
determine your computer's memory, from 16 to 64K. and adjusts
automatically to maximize work space, All programs, except trie
Super "Color" Speller and Super "Color" Dlsk-ZAP, feature a true
lowercase display with below line descenders. Each program has
been written specifically for the Color Computer in fast machine
■ / code to be totally compatible for optimum performance —
Something a motfey assortment of programs from diverse
sources or a passel of overpriced, wailet-FLEXmg software from
a bygone era simply can not achieve.
The Super "Color 11 Library has all the power, speed,
dependability and compatibility you will ever need so buifd your
library a volume at a time or put the full power of the complete
library of problem solvers to work right away.
NEW!
fcdflC) Super "Color" Writer II
TM
The Super "Color" Writer II is for those who desire the best. Jt is
ihe most powerful, fastest, most dependable and versatile word
processor available for the Colo: Computer, from 16 to 64 K. The
Super "Color' 1 Writer It has features lor the most demanding
professional, yet il is easy enough for newcomers to master.
Of course the Super "Color" Writer \\ has all the features you
would expect from the highest quality word processor, such as a
clear, crisp and readable professional display with your choice of
display colors, 9 display formats; standard 32x16 & 51-64-85x21
&24 with real lowercase descenders; full 4-way cursor control,
sophisticated edit commands, the ability to edit any BASIC
program or ASCII textfile, seven delete functions, locate and
change, wild card locate, a real block move & copy, word wrap-
around, programmable tabs, display memory used and left, non-
breakable space, multiple headers and foolers, dynamic text
formatting, comprehensive format parameters, use with ANY
printer at any baud rate from 1 1 0 to 9600 baud, automatic justifi-
cation, automatic pagination, automatic centering, automatic
flush right, underlining, superscripts, subscripts, pause print,
single-sheet pause, optionally print comments, append text files,
available in a ROMPAK cartridge for maximum work space, but
that's only half of the story. No other program can even begin to
compare in features with the Super "Color" Writer II.
VERSION 3.0 By Tim Nelson
THE INTELLIGENT WORD PROCESSOR N V>T^>
SSSHffim^ Check These Exclusive Features
TAPE $69.95
MEMORY-SENSE adjusts to computer's memory (16-64K) for
maximum work space; TYPE-AHEAD, TYPAMATIC KEY
REPEAT and KEY SEEP for the pros; 3 PROGRAMMABLE
FUNCTIONS; AUTO PHRASE INSERT; COLUMN CREATION;
TEXT FILE LINKfNG; HELP MENU; A TRUE EDITING WINDOW
fN ALL 9 DISPLAY MODES; TRUE FORMAT WINDOW to
display line lengths up to 255 characters, with horizontal and
vertical scrolling to replicate the printed page including centered
lines, headers, footers, page breaks, page numbers, margins,
giving a perfect printed document every time. Also makes
hyphenation a snap; TRUE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION lor
neat, even left and right hand margins. Ability to use
CHARACTER CODES for printing special characters available
with your printer; freedom to embed as many PRINTER
CONTROL CODES as desired anywhere in the text, EVEN
WITHIN JUSTIFIED TEXT; 90-plus page tutorial manual
ADDITIONAL DISK FEATURES: Read a directory, Display free
granules, Save with Automatic Veriffcaifon. Load and Append
ASCII files, and BASIC programs. Kill files, and Link tiles from
disk for continuous printing. 54K bytes of workspace available
with a 64 K system. Only the best otfers all of these features.
ROMPAK $89.95
DISK $99.95
Tutorial only $15.00 (Rolundaftle with purchase)
Tftpn & Disk require 32K for lowtifcase display
Ptiivious Super "Color" Writer II owrtns caII lor upgrade
Super "Color" Mailer™ Super "Color" Speller
^^^ ^M^mm ^ ... By Peter A, Stark
By Tim Nelson
The Super "Color" Mailer is a powerful multi-purpose mailing
tist merging and sorting program including lowercase display
lhat uses tiles created by the Super "Color" Writer It, Combine
tiles, sort and print mailing lists, print "Boilerplate" documents,
automatically insert text in standardized forms, address
envelopes, the list is endless.
TAPE $39.95 D|SK $5g 95
Operators Manuaf only $10,00 (Refundable with purchase)
The Super "Color" Speller is a fast machine-code proofreading
program to correct Super "Color" Writer files. Automatically
proofreads your documents against a 20.000 word stock
dictionary, plus your own customized dictionary and corrects
lypos or marks them for special attention,
AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY $69,95
Operators Manual only $10 00 (Refundable with purchase)
NELSON SOFTWARE SYSTEMS 9072 Lyndale Avenue So, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55420 612/881-2777
32x16&51-64-85x21&24 Display jt * yr
With Lowercase Descenders And I D Thru Dtix Too!
/ £^W)Super ' Color" Calc™ Super "Color" Terminal™
<Z-~~*^ ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET By Kevin Herrboldt
Now you can answer those "What if?" financial projection,
forecasting, budgeting, engineering and calculating questions
with precision, speed and power using the Super "Color" Calc,
truly the finest electronic worksheet and financial modeling
program available for the Color Computer, from 16 to 64K. Now
every Color Computer owner has access t to a calculating and
planning tool rivaling VisiCalcV containing all its features and
commands and then some. You need only change one variable
and you instantly see how that change affectsyourassumptions.
You can even use VisiCalc templates freely with Super "Color"
Calc! Combine spread sheet tables with Super "Color" Writer II
documents to create ledgers, projections, statistical and
financial reports and budgets.
Features include: 9 display formats; standard 32x16 & 51-64-
85x21 &24 with real lowercase descenders * MEMORY-SENSE to
adjust to computer s memory ( 1 6-64K) for maximum work space;
Full-size 63x256 worksheet • Easy to use * HELP Menus to make
learning faster ' Machine code speed and high precision * Total
flexibility in calculating ' Up to FOUR VIDEO DISPLAY
WINDOWS to compare and contrast results of changes " Sine
and Cosine functions, Averaging, Exponents, Algebraic
functions, and base 10 or 16 entry * Multi-layered Column and
Row Ascending and Descending sorts * Locate formulas or titles
in fields * Easy entry, replication and block moving of frames '
Global or Local column width control up to 81 characters each '
Create titles of up to 255 characters * Typamatic Key Repeat '
Key beep * Type-ahead ' Print up to 132 column worksheet *
Prints at any baud rate from 1 10 to 9600 1 Print formats savable
along with worksheet * Enter control codes for customized
printing.
DISK FEATURES: Read a directory; Display free granules; Kill
files, Save with Automatic Verification; Load files; Append disk
files for complete worksheet printing. 54K bytes of worksheet
space available with a 64K system.
Tutorial and sample templates are supplied with the program.
ROMPAK $89.95 DISK $99.95
Tutorial only $15 00 (Refundable with purchase)
Disk requires 32K for lowercase display.
Super "Color" Disk-ZAP™
By Tim Nelson
Now the dreamed-of repair of 1/0 errors is a reality. The Super
•'Color" Disk-ZAP' - is the ultimate repair utility for simple and
quick repair of all repairable disk errors. Designed with the non-
programmer in mind, the Super "Color" Disk-ZAP T * will let you
retrieve all types of bashed files, including BASIC and Machine
Code programs.
This high-speed machine code disk utility has a special dual
cursor screen display to show HEXIDECIMAL and ASCII
displays simultaneously. You are able to: Verify or modify disk
sectors at will ' Type right onto the disk to change unwanted
program names or prompts ' Send sector contents to the printer
or any other RS-232 device ' Search the entire disk for any
grouping of characters 1 Copy sectors * Backup tracks or entire
disks • Repair directory tracks and smashed disks ' Full
prompting to help you every step of the way * 50-ptus page
Operators Manual which helps you simply and quickly fix the vast
majority of disk errors, and teaches the rudiments of disk
structure and repair.
AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY $49.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
NELSON
SOFTWARE
SYSTEMS
9072 Lyndale Avenue So. 612/881-2777
THE FINEST TERMINAL PROGRAM ANYWHERE!
Version 3.0 By Dan Nelson
The best has become even better, with many new features
Including 9 display formats; 32x16 & 51-64-85x21 &24 with real
lowercase descenders, plus compatibility with the 64K Color
Computer. This user-friendly program makes communicating
with ANY computer a breeze even for a newcomer. Communicate
using your modem with all the popular information services such
as Dow Jones, Compuserve, The Source, and local BBS's, clubs,
friends, or the main-frame at work. You can also communicate
directly with other microcomputers, such as the TRS-80 l/lll, II,
other Color Computers, Apples, IBM PCs, etc., via RS-232
without using a modem Save the information or PRINT IT!
FEATURES: MEMORY-SENSE to adjust to computer's memory
(16-64K) for maximum work space; Selectively print data at baud
rates from 1 1 0 to 9600 * 54K of data storage with 64K disk system.
128 character ASCII keyboard * Automatic graphics mode ■
Word mode (word wrap) for unbroken words * Send & receive
Super "Color" Writer II, Database & Calc files, ASCII files.
Machine Language & BASIC programs * Set communications
baud rate from 110 to 9600. Duplex: Half/Full/Echo. Word length:
5 6 7 or 8. Parity: Odd/Even or None. Stop Bits: 1-9 ' Local
linefeeds to screen ' Save and load ASCII files, Machine Code &
BASIC programs ' Unique CLONE feature for copying any tape '
Lower case masking ' 10 Keystroke Multiplier (MACRO) buffers
to perform repetitive pre-entry fog-on tasks and send short
messages ■ Programmable prompt or delay for send next line ■
Selectable character trapping * Files compatible with other
Library programs.
ADDITIONAL DISK FEATURES: Works with up to four Disk
Drives; Call a directory. Print free space. Kill disk files. Save with
Automatic Vencation and Load textfiles or BASIC programs.
Save and Load KSIWS to the disk.
TAPE $49.95 ROMPAK $59.95 DISK $69.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
Previous Super "Color" Terminal owners call for upgrade policy
^j)Super "Color" Database™
y By Dan Nelson
"This high speed machine language program including true
lowercase displays fills all your information management needs,
be they for your business or home. Inventory, accounts, mailing,
lists, family histories, you name it, the Super "Color" Database
will keep track of all your data.
The Super "Color" Database features MEMORY-SENSE to
adjust to computer's memory (16-64K) for maximum workspace.
It is structured in a simple and easy to understand menu system
with full prompting for easy operation. Your data is stored in
records of your own design, each divided into as many fields as
you need. All files are fully indexed for speed and efficiency. Full
sort of records is provided for easy listing of names, figures,
addresses, etc.. in ascending or descending order. The math
package performs arithmetic operations and updates other fields
which is especially useful when used as an order entry and
invoicing system. You can create reports, or lists for mailings, or
whatever. Create files compatible with the Super "Color" Writer II
and Terminal. Up to five different print formats are available, and
control codes may be imbedded for customized printing.
AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY $79.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
For Orders ONLY Call Toll F ree
Si 1-800-328-2737 9E
A Division of Solllaw Cof poration Minneapolis. Minnesota 55420 U. S. A.
TRS-80 is a trademark ot Tandy Corp Visicalc is a trademark of VisiCorp.
WE TAKE THE COLOR COMPUTER SERIOUSLY.
AUTHORS' SUBMISSIONS ARE ENCOURAGED.
Customer service and product support call (612) 881-2777.
MAIL ORDERS: $3 U.S. Shipping ($4 CANADA, $10OVERSEAS)
Personal checks allow 3 weeks. ORDERS SHIPPED SAME DAY!
Available at Dealers everywhere.
If your Dealer is out of stock ORDER DIRECT!
GAME
Just when you thought
it was safe to go back
to your CoCo . . .
MO^Wf COMES
By Fred B. Scerbo
Some of you may recall a program which
appeared in the Rainbow over a year ago
called Snail Invaders which was written
with the help of Dale 'Snail' Haggerty. Since the
publication of that game, many CoCo users have
been asking if and when a follow-up to that game
would appear. Well, the wait is finally over. With
a little graphic help from Dale, we have an even
better graphic game now called Snail's Revenge.
Dale, a Junior at Drury Senior High School in
North Adams, Massachusetts, has not had as
much time available to devote to the CoCo this
yearas hedid inthepast. Still, we were able to find
the time for him to design a new Snail graphic and
a more impressive title card which appears at the
top of the screen. The animation and actual game
mechanics are my own. A number of 1MB graphic
techniques have been further sharpened to milk
the maximum speed available from Extended
Color BASIC. Originally, this game was written
on a 32K machine. However, since a greater
number of CoCo owners are still at the 16K level,
a little extra time was spent cramming the same
graphics into 16K. The result was an even more
efficient, structured program.
Now, for a few words about how Snail's
Revenge works.
138
the RAINBOW July 1983
Snail is written in PMODE
l:SCREENl,0.ThechoiceofPMODE 1
over PMODE 3 was for several reasons.
First, there is not too great a differ-
ence in the resolution between PMODE
3 and 1. PMODE 3 uses graphic pixels
which are rectangular in shape. If we go
to PMODE 1, our pixels are twice as
wide, and we can obtain a smoother
graphic since our pixel settings are not
irregular, but perfect squares.
Secondly, PMODE 1 uses half as
much memory as PMODE 3. Since this
program will use the PCOPY command,
we need to copy only one page for our
animation. The graphics also execute
more rapidly since less graphic memory
must be relocated by the PCOPY com-
mand. Of equal advantage is the addi-
tional memory this gives us for actual
program operation.
The actual execution of this game
takes place in only one graphic page
which occupies half of the viewing
screen. The top half of the screen (page
I) is reserved for the title card and scor-
ing mechanisms. Our game action takes
place on page 3 which is PCOPY to
page 2 which occupies the bottom half
of the screen. Since all animation is tak-
ing place on page 3 which remains out of
view, our movement becomes virtually
"flicker-free."
While Snail Invaders received its in-
spiration from other Invader style
games, Snail's Revenge is a distant cous-
in of the many Pac or Dig games found
on the market or in the arcades. The
plot is relatively simple, but game play is
far from a breeze.
You are The Snail. You are trying to
work your way out of a four-level maze.
The listing:
5 OFOB
17 1102
26 1354
45 15A6
54 1867
69 1 A99
95 1 D89
109 1F78
END ...218A
1 PCLEAR3: P0KE65495, 0: CLEAR 1 90 : D
IMW<12) , Z(12> ,U(9> ,D(9>,L(9> ,R(9
> ,N(9) ,AE(12) ,BE(14) ,CE(17) , V(9)
,0(4)
2 CLS0:R*=CHR*(128) : F0RS=-1 6TO80
STEP 16: F0RI=258T0387STEP32: PRINT
@I-K, STRING* (5, 159+S) ; : NEXT: PRIN
TS418-K, STRING* <5, 156+S) ;: PRINT©
450-K, STRING* <5, 128) i
3 FORY=0TO6STEP6 : PR I NTS264+Y-K , C
HR* ( 1 45+S ) +CHR* ( 1 59+S ) +CHR* ( 1 59+
S) +CHR* < 159+S) +CHR* < 146+S) ;
4 F0RI=296T0392STEP32:PRINT@I+Y-
K, STRING* (5, 159+S) ; : NEXTI : PRINTS
424+ Y-K, STRING* < 5, 156+S) ; : PRINT©
456+Y-K, STRING* (5, 128) ; : NEXTY
5 FORY=0TO96STEP96 : PR I NTS276+ Y-K
, STRING* (9, 159+S) ;CHR*(155+S) j R*
; : PR I NTS308+ Y-K , STR I NG* < 1 0 , 1 59+S
) ; CHR* ( 1 52+S ) j R* j : PR I NTS340+Y-K ,
STRING* <9, 156+S) ;CHR*(152+S> ;R*;
:PRINT@372+Y-K,STRING*(11, 128) ; :
NEXTY: K=K+32: NEXTS
6 PMODE1, l:PCLS:COLOR2,3:LINE<0,
160)-(256, 192) , PSET,BF:LINE(0, 16
0>-(256, 160) , PRESET
7 DRAW "S8BM 120, 1 76C3F3DLRDR5E3UH
2L3G2DFR2EHL "
8 DRAW " BM6 1 , 1 76C3G3DRLDL5H3UE2R3
F2D6L2HER": PAINT (20, 170) ,1,3
9 COLOR 1 , l: GET (120, 174) -(144, 186
>,W,G
10 GET(39, 174)-(63, 186) , Z,G:L*=C
HR* ( 1 29 > : Q*= " DPMPS " +L*+ " DPNQVUFS
"+L*+"HBNF"+L*+"CZ"
11 FORI=0TO160STEP40: CIRCLE (20+1
,20), 12, 3, .9
12 PAINT (20+1, 20) ,3,3
13 LINE (8+1, 10) -(32+1, 30) , PRESET
,B
14 PSET(20+I, 16,2)
15 NEXTI
16 LINE(32, 10>-(22,20) ,PRESET:LI
NE-(32,30> , PRESET: PAINT (24,20) , 1
, 1
17 FORS=1T022:F=ASC(MID*(Q*,S, 1)
July 19B3 the RAINBOW 139
) +31 : PR I NTS324+S , CHR* <F) ; : NEXTS:
Q*= "GSFE " +L*+ " TDFSCP"
18 F0RS=1T011:F=ASC(MID*(Q*,S, 1)
)+31:PRINT@394+S,CHR*(F) ;: NEXTS
1 9 L*=CHR* ( 209 ) : Q*= " TOBJ M " +L*+ " E
FT JHOFE " +L*+ " C Z " +L*+ " EBMF " +L*+ " I
BHHFSUZ"
20 F0RDH=1T031: ZL=ASC <MID* <Q* , DH
, 1) ) IP0KE1472+DH, ZL-65:NEXTDH
2 1 Q*= "BRC 1 NU4RU4RD4RU4RD4RU4RNL
4D2NL4D2L6C4" : FORI=0TO9: RE ADZ* < I
) : NEXT
22 DATA BR2U4R3D4NL3, BR4NU4BR, BR
2U2R3U2NL3BD4NL3 , BR2R3U2NL2U2NL3
BD4, BR2BU2NU2R3U2D4, BR2R3U2L3U2R
3BD4, BR2U4NR3D2R3D2NL3 , BR2BU4R3D
4, BR2U4R3D2NL3D2NL3, BR2BU2NR3U2R
3D4
23 EX*="01L255BC": 1=0: FORI 1=1 1TO
227STEP27: 1 = 1 + 1 : V < I ) =1 1 : NEXTI I
24 1=0: FORI I=7T077STEP22: 1 = 1+1 :0
(I)=II+96:NEXTII: 1=0
25 LINE (70, 32) -(60, 22) , PRESET: LI
NE-<50,32) , PRESET: PAINT (60, 24) , 1
,1
26 LINE <88, 30) -<98, 20) , PRESET: LI
NE-(8&, 10) , PRESET: PAINT (96, 20) , 1
,1
27 LINE (130, 8) -(140, 18) , PRESET: L
INE- ( 150, 8) , PRESET
28 PAINT (140, 16), 1, 1
29 C0L0R2,3:LINE(26, 16) -(22, 20) ,
PSET:LINE-(26,24) , PSET
30 LINE(64, 26) -(60,22) , PSET: LINE
-(56, 26), PSET
31 LINE (94, 24) -(98, 20), PSET: LINE
-(94, 16) , PSET
32 LINEU44, 14)-(140, 18) ,PSET:LI
NE-(136, 14) , PSET
33 FORI=0TO80STEP40: CIRCLE (20+1,
80) , 14+LL,2, .9
34 C0L0R2, l:LINE(6+I-LL,68-LL)-(
34+ I +LL , 92+LL ) , PRESET , B
35 PAINT (20+1, 80) ,2,2
36 CIRCLE (20+1, 76-LL) ,2+LL,2, .9:
LL=LL+2: NEXT
37 FORYP=0TO40STEP40: FORKP=1TO40
+YP: PSET (RND (40) +20+ YP, RND (20) +7
0,3) :NEXTKP, YP
38 GET (6, 68) - (34, 92) , AE, G
39 GET (44, 66) -(78, 94) ,BE,G
40 GET(82,64)-(122,96) ,CE,G
41 C0L0R3, 1
42 GET (10, 12) -(30, 28) ,R,G
43 GET (50, 12) -(70,28) ,D,G
44 GET(90, 12)-(110,28) ,L,G
45 GET(130, 12)-(150,28) ,U,G
Unfortunately, the corridors of the maze are stalked by a
hungry Pac-person with sharp teeth and glassy eyes. You
must cautiously work your way through the maze, while
your adversary can pass through walls at will. If he attacks
you, he will swallow you after rapidly grinding you to snail
pulp with his sharp teeth. (Pay particular attention to this
gobbling sequence which you do not often find in other
games.)
Fortunately, you do have a means of defense. Whenever
the small box below the snail at the top of the screen turns
red, you will obtain the ability to fire a hose into the Pac-
fiend and inflate him to twice his size before he bursts open.
Unfortunately, you must be on the same level as your foe.
You cannot pass through walls as he can. If you "blow-up"
your opponent, you will gain 10 points. If you make it to the
end of the maze, you will gain 50 points. Thus, it will take
some skill to work your way out of the maze while remaining
close enough to blast your hunter. Once you have been eaten
eight times, the game ends. (A reverse Pac-opponent will
appear at the top of the screen whenever you become his
meal.)
Carefully type in the listing. Be sure to POKE 65494,0
before trying to CSA VE this program. Also, do not try to
run the game until you have entered all the lines. We have
done some fancy encoding to keep you guessing what will
happen with each line. I have also included a new 1MB
introduction which appears in text while the graphics are
drawn on the graphics' screen. Your right joystick operates
the snail while the fire button controls your shooting.
With a little typing, you will have an arcadegame which
rivals machine language in speed while using the special
features found in Extended BASIC. When trying to reload
this program, be sure to PCLEAR 3 or the program will not
fit in memory. (Only about 200 bytes remain when running
the game.) If your machine cannot handle the POKE65495.0
then leave it out. The game still has impressive speed without
it. This game will work with disk, but you will need 32K.
Enjoy Snail's Revenge] While you do, I'll see if I can
motivate "Snail" to come up with some ideas for Snail III.
(Maybe Donkey Snail or Snail- A-Pede. Who knows? Only
time at the CoCo will tell!
40 the RAINBOW July 1983
WHAT THEY ARE SAYING ABOUT COLORPEDE
.forefroni of [he pack . " the Rainbow, Dec 82 an outsiandmg of for N. Vernon, IN '" ihe best graphics I have seen k> dale* Erie. PA
"It isgreal! Dayton, OH ■ the besl graphics and playabilMy ol any color com pule* game McKeespori. PA f\
INTRODUCING
coLORpeoe HQBDTTflCK
HARMONYC5
P.O. BOX 1573
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84110
PREMIUM SOFTWARE
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
DISK MONEY MINDER is a family budget tool It allows you to set up a
family budget with as many as 56 user definable categories You may print
out balances, change category names, search a year (or a month or whatever)
bf records ((or tax purposes for example) DISK MONEY MINDER allows
24 sets of entries and 56 user definable categories at one time. You may
break checks and deposits into any number of categories DISK MONEY
MINDER is menu driven and easy to use. Excellent manual with plenty of
examples
Requires 32K plus DISK $19.95
MONEY MINDER II is the cassette version of DISK MONEY MINDER. Reviewed
in April 1982 Rainbow and improved since then 1
Requires 16K but does NOT require Extended Basic $14.95
PlE-CHART is a unique graphing program It allows you to enter data such
as monlhly bills, yearly expenditures etc This data may be entered as per-
centages or m its "raw" state. Data entered raw will be converted to percent-
ages by the program. The resulting PIE-CHART can be saved to tape or
the data itself can be saved to tape for later use By using a screen print
program (not supplied) you can make printouts ol the pie-charts One unique
feature of the program allows you to save a large number of pie-charts or
other hi-resolution screens to tape and reload and display them one at a
lime by "flipping" through them quickly much as you might do with a slide
show presentation This feature would be great for a sales presentation,
club meeting or retail display Other features— automatic screen writing i e
designations— up to 20 entries possible per pie-chart— keyboard toggle ol
raw" vs percentage data entry.
PIE-CHART needs 16K and Extended Basic S10.95
AMOFlT asks you to mpul the amounl of a loan, the term of the loan and it's
interest rate. The program will print to screen and or lo your printer and will
give you: 1— a running total of principal still to be paid. 2— The amount of the
monthly payment applied to principal. 3— The amount of the monthly paymenl
applied to interest. 4— Thetotal monthly payment 5— Thetotal amount paid into
principal to date 6— The total amount paid into Interest to date. 7— The total
amount payed out to date
Requires 16K and Extended Basic $11,95
COLORHYTHM is a biorhythm program for your Color Computer It plots in
High-Resolution graphics (PMODE3) and color a 15 day biorhythm chart
displaying your intellectual. Emotional & Physical biorhythms Reviewed in
August 1982 Rainbow
Requires 16K & Extended Basic S9.95
* * * EDUCATIONAL * * *
MATCH & SPELL combines a game similar to the familiar TV game of CON-
CENTRATION and a spelling drill to provide a truely unique and fun program
You may load a spelling list (up to 32 words of up to 11 letters each) from
tape or keyboard. The program then allows you lo study the list for as long
as you like After that the game begins. One of your words is presented
to you either correctly or misspelled with a common spelling error You are
asked if it is spelled right Then the correctly spelled word is displayed for
a bnef time and you are then asked to spell the word The CONCENTRATION
type game is played by one or two players during the spelling drill
A lot of fun for 16K and Extended Basic $11.95
PRESCHOOL PAK consists of two programs for preschooler learning fun
ALPHABET drills the child in alphabet recognition and rewards a correct
answer COUNTER drill the child in counting to 10 Both use Hi-Resolution
graphics and sound Reviewed in September 1982 Rainbow S8.95
MATHWAR is an educational game. In the game the player must jump one
space-fighter over another checkers style, until only one fighter remains.
Each time a move is selected the program will not complete the move until
a main problem is answered correctly The player selects addition or subtrac-
tion and one of four difficulty levels Level i is problems with numbers up to
19 but no carrying or borrowing is required Level 2 is the same as Level 1
but numbers up to 99 are allowed Levei 3 uses numbers up to 19 but allows
carrying and borrowing problems. Level 4 is the same as Level 3 with numbers
up to 99 No negative responses to wrong answers and the math score is
displayed at the end of the game.
Requires 16K and Extended Basic S11.95
We pay postage on all orders
V7SA
I
46 SET < 170, 12) -< 190, 28) ,N,G
47 PMODE 1,1: PCLS : SP=9 : LV=4 : SOSUB
48 : BOTO50
48 1=40: J=40:zz=8: oo=6: K=40:M=40
: A=4: B=3: PMODE0, 3: PCLS: PMODE 1 , 2:
C0L0R2, 1: LINE (2, 100)-<252, 186) ,P
SET,B:LINE(0,98)-<256, 188) ,PSET,
B: LINE (30, 120) - <256, 122) , PSET, B
49 LINE (0, 142)-<226, 144) , PSET, B:
LINE (30, 164) - (256, 166) , PSET, B: LI
NE (228,98) -(250, 100) , PRESET, B: RE
TURN
50 PMODE 1,1: PCLS : SCREEN0 , 0: DRAW "
S16BM0, 32; C4E4L3E4R3B3R3B5NL3BR2
E5R2F2E2R2B5L2H2G2L2BR 1 0E5R3D5L2
UBUL2ERDBDL3GL2BR 1 0U5R3D5L3BR5U5
R2D3RF2NL5BRBU5RDBD4BR3E2L3E3R3S
2R3B3L3"
51 F0RILM1T06: READPA: PAINT (PA, 26
) ,4,4:NEXTIU
52 DATA10,50,88, 106, 130, 170
53 DRAW " BM28 , 66C3L2H3BUU2RD2LBDD
3L2U7R4FD2BF3BRU7R4DL2D2RDLD2R2D
NL4BR4H3U4R2D3FREU3R2D4S3NLBR4U7
R4DL2D2RDLD2R2DNL4BR8L2H3D3L2U7R
2F3U3R2D7BR7L4H2U3E2R3FD2L2UL2D3
FRULURR3DLD2BR2U7R4DL2D2RDLD2R2D
L4 "
54 F0RFL=1T07:READ KL: PAINT (KL, 4
6) ,3,3:NEXTFL
55 DATA6, 38, 58, 90, 110,142, 172
56 PUT (212, 16) -(236, 28) , 2, PSET
57 LINE (208, 38) -(236, 48) , PSET, B:
6OSUB119:SOTO60
58 P=I-2: D=J : S=K+2: T=M: I=V(A) :J=
0(B) :k=i+20:m=j+16:colori, i
59 PM0DE1,2:PUT(I, J)-(K,M) ,N,PSE
T : PC0PY3T02 : LINE ( I , J ) -(K, M) , PRES
ET,BF:LINE(V(SP) ,0(LV) )-(V(SP)+2
4, 0 (LV) +12) , PRESET, BF: RETURN
60 PMODE 1, l: SCREEN 1,0: QR=RND (TIM
ER) : RV=RND (10) : IFRV>3THEN62
61 LINE (212, 42) -( 232 j 44) , PRESET,
b:rg=0:goto63
62 line (212, 42) -(232, 44) , pset, b:
RS=1
63 PMODE 1 ,2: QR=RND ( 10) : ONQR BOTO
64, 67, 70, 73, 67, 67, 67, 73, 73, 73
64 B=B-1 : IFB< 1THEN66
65 S0SUB58:PUT(I, J)-(K,M) ,U,PSET
: S0T076
66 B=l:E=RND(2) : IFE=1THEN67ELSE7
3
67 A=A+l: IFA>9THEN69
68 G0SUB58 : PUT ( I , J)-(K,M) ,R,PSET
: G0T076
69 A=9:E=RND(2) : IFE=1THEN64ELSE7
0
142 the RAINBOW July 1983
70 B=B+ 1 : I FB >4THEN72
71 G0SUB58:PUT(I, J)-(K,M) ,D, PSET
: G0T076
72 B=4:E=RND<2) : IFE=1THEN67ELSE7
3
73 A=A- 1 : I FA< 1 THEN75
74 G0SUB58:PUT(I, J)-(K,M) ,L,PSET
: 60T076
75 A= 1 : E=RND (2) : I FE= 1 THEN64ELSE7
0
76 PL AY " L2550 1 C04CD " : IF SP=A AND
LV=B THEN77ELSE78
77 PM0DE1,2:LINE(V(SP) ,0(LV) )-(V
(SP) +24, O <LV) + 12) , PRESET, BF: PUT (
I , J > - (K, M) , N, PSET: BOTO108
78 JH=JOYSTK(0) : IFJH>32THEN90
79 SP=SP-1 : I FSP< 1 THENSP= 1
80 IFLV=4ANDSP=1THEN83
81 IFLV=2ANDSP=1THEN83
82 GOT085
r
83 JV=J0YSTK<1) : IFJV<16THENLV=LV
-1
84 S0T089
85 IFLV=3ANDSP=1THEN88
86 IFLV=1ANDSP=1THEN88
87 B0T089
88 JV=JOYSTK(l) : IFJV>46THENLV=LV
+1
89 PUT(V(SP),0(LV))-(V(SP)+24,0(
LV)+12) , W,PSET:BOTO101
90 SP=SP+l: IFSP>9THENSP=9
91 I FLV=3ANDSP=9THEN95
92 IFLV=1ANDSP=9THEN93ELSE97
93 PM0DE1,2:PUT(V(9) ,0(LV) )-(V(9
) +24 ,0(LV)+12),Z, PSET : PC0PY3T02 :
LINE (V (9) ,0(LV) >-(V(9)+24,0(LV)+
12) , PRESET, BF: PMODE1 , 1 : FORPC=lTO
5: M2=M2+1 : BOSUB1 19: SOUND200, 1 : NE
XT
94 LV=4:SP=9:S0T097
95 J V= JOYSTK ( 1 ) : I F J V< 1 6THENLV=LV
Genesis Software
presents
Color Computer Programs
+ Secret Of The Crypt
The BIG adventure continues. The sequel
to the popular "Enchanted Forest'' is here!
You'll move in more than 50 hi-res, 3-D
graphic scenes searching for clues in an
attempt to enter the crypt. But beware, the
trail to the crypt is beset with puzzlements.
In fact, the crypt's secret will remain a
mystery to all but the most adventuresome.
Requires 32K extended basic.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $21.95
+ Bigfoot
Hunt Big foot in a hidden maze of caverns
and twisting tunnels that are displayed in
hi-res grapnics as you move. Seek out the
lair of Big foot while avoiding perils along
the way. Features multiple levels and many
options of play. Each hunt takes place in a
new, randomly generated maze. Challeng-
ing and fun. Requires 32K extended basic.
Ta pe cassette (postage paid ) $21 . 95
* The Enchanted Forest
The BIG adventure in hi -res graphics.
Move through more than 50 scenes on a
quest to rescue the captive princess. Deci-
sions are made according to visual clues,
not text. There are many inhabitants in the
Enchanted Forest — some are friendly,
some are not. This is a sophisticated com-
puter adventure — a real challenge. A
must for your adventure library. Requires
32K extended basic.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $21.95
(The Enchanted Forest was reviewed in the Dec. 1982
issue of Rainbow).
* The Game Show
Now a lively party game where two teams
compete against the clock to name several
items in a category. Includes 60 rounds
with color graphics and sound. Machine
language routine for fast response. Re-
quires 16K extended basic and joysticks.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $19.95
(The Game Show was reviewed in the Jan. 1983 issue
of Rainbow).
Genesis Software
P.O. Box 936, Manchester, Mo. 6301 1
Personal checks welcome - no delay.
Missouri residents add 5.625 percent sales tax.
RAINBOW
July 1983 the RAINBOW 143
-1
96 GOTO 100
97 IFLV=2ANDSP=9THEN99
98 GOTO 100
99 JV=JOYSTK ( 1 ) : IFJV>46THENLV=LV
+ 1
100 PUT<V(SP) ,0(LV) )-(V(SP)+24,0
<LV)+12> , Z,PSET
101 IF SP=A AND LV=B THEN108ELSE
PC0PY3T02: PMODE1 , 1 : SCREEN 1 , 0: PMO
DE1,2:LINE(I, J)-(K,M) , PRESET, BF
102 IF PEEK ( 339) =255THEN60
103 IF RG=0THEN60
104 IF LVOB THEN60
105 PMODE1, l:LINE(V(SP)+12,0(LV)
+6) -(1+10, J+6) ,PSET
106 G0T0115
107 GOTO60
108 LINE(V(SP> ,0(LV) )-(V(SP>+24,
O(LV) +12) , PRESET, BF: F0REM=1T05: P
UT( I, J)-(K,M) ,n,pset:playex*:pco
PY3T02: PUT (I,J)-(K,M),D, PSET : PLA
YEX*109 PC0PY3T02:NEXTEM:PM0DE1,
1 : SCREEN1 , 1 : PMODE1 , 2: LINE ( I , J ) - (
K,M) , PRESET, BF: L INE ( V (SP) , O ( LV) )
- ( V(SP> +24, O ( LV) +12) , PRESET, BF: P
MODE 1,1: SCREEN 1 , 1 : SCREEN 1 , 0 : SP=9
:LV=4
110 MS=MS+l:PUT(MS*24-24, 74) -(MS
*24-4, 90) , R, PRESET: IFMS=>8THEN1 1
2
111 GOTO60
112 FORI=1TO1000:NEXT
113 X*=INKEY*: IFX*=""THEN113
114 RUN
115 PM0DEl,2:PUT(I-4, J-3)-(K+4,M
+5 ) , AE , OR : PC0PY3T02 : PL AYEX *+EX *
116 PUT(I-6,J-5)-(K+8,M+7) ,BE,OR
: PC0PY3T02: PLAYEX*+EX*
117 PUT(I-10, J-7)-(K+10,M+9) ,CE,
OR: PC0PY3T02: PLAYEX*+EX*
118 M2=M2+l:G0SUB119:G0SUB48:G0T
060
I FM2 >9THENM3=M3+ 1
I FM3 >9THENM4=M4+ 1
I FM4 >9THENM5=M5+ 1
I FM5= > 1 0THENM5=0
1 23 PMODE 1,1: DRAW " C4S8BM 1 88 , 64 " +
Q*+Z* (M5) +Q*: DRAWZ* (M4) +Q*+Z* (M3
) +Q*: DRAWZ* (M2) +Q*+Z* (Ml ) : RETURN
124 'SNAIL'S REVENGE BY F.SCERBO
8tD. HAGGERTY, (C) 1983, 1MB, P.O.BOX
289, WILLI AMSTOWM, MA, 01267
119
120
121
122
M2=0
M3=0
M4=0
NEW KODOMO NO GO
Get 5 in a row before your opponent. 19x19 playing
matrix. This is thefavorite relaxation gamefor Japanese Go
players. Two-player version and 4 computer skill levels for
one player: also Tic-Tac-Toe on the same tape.
$19,95 32K Ext. Basic cassette only.
$1 4.95 1 6K Ext. Basic. Three skill levels plus Tic-Tac-Toe.
$ 8.95 1 6K Ext. Basic Tic-Tac-Toe only.
ALSO CO-EXISTENCE
Successfully develop your country in a resource-limited
world. Form a world government, sign treaties, go to war:
anything goes. This is a two - to six - player game which
combines computer and board play (board and pieces
provided).
$24.95 16K Ext. Basic cassette only.
AND 5 EXCITING GAMES
Be a Cosmic Trash Collector, fight a mighty space battle, or
surround your opponent in Trap'em — all this and more on
one tape. The RAINBOW says, "Great fare for the family
with young children."
$15.95 16K Ext. Basic cassette.
4
»i
J
<
>
>
■ 1
1
RAIN toW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
P. 0. Box V0I6
Cherry Hill, ,\J 0803V
Celebrating Our 2nd
'Record' Year
Happy Birthday to all 50,000 of us! And what better way to
celebrate the beginning of our third year than with a present?
We thought about including two candles and a cupcake, but
decided against it when it was pointed out that the grooves on
the soundsheet would probably get all gummy with icing.
Anyway, we wanted some means by which we could share our
excitement and express our appreciation to our readers at the
same time. After all, over the entire two year existence of the
Rainbow, each moutii has been a new record of growth in size
and quality for us, thanks to you! ^^^^^^^
Af ter a bit of late-night brainstorming, we decided on binding
a soundsheet of programs into our 2nd Anniversary issue — if it
would work, that is. We ordered a prototype, and received a
half-dozen sheets just as they would come from a full pressing
run. After trying them out on several home systems by both
methods listed here and finding that they all loaded, we were
satisfied.
Well, then, there it was. And here it is. Happy Birthday, good
friends. We hope you enjoy the party favor. And we hope you
enjoy each coming month of the Rainbow as we grow toward all
the anniversaries to come.
The Staff
i
There are three programs on our sound-
sheet. Please note that thesearenotmeantas
"stand alones," but are meant to be used
after reading the article and any special
instructions in the article on how to load and
use the program. For instance, Memory
(page 202) requires a PCLEAR 1 prior to
loading into 16K machines.
Programs
Shuffle, page 196
Memory, page 202
Home Budget Analysis, page 60.
Instructions for loading record
Important: Carefully remove soundsheet
with the aid of a razor blade or other sharp
instrument so as not to warp. Also, before
loading Memory, page 202, be sure to
PCLEAR I if you have 16K.
Method I — Integrated stereo system with
built-in cassette tape deck.
Step I — Insert blank tape in the
cassette deck and put the re-
cord on the turntable. If the
record slips on the turntable
use a coin as indicated on the
record label.
Step 2 — Record all three programs on
the record on the blank cassette
tape.
Step 3 — Remove the cassette and
insert it into your CTR-80 cas-
sette recorder.
Step 4 — Type "CLOAD" on your
CoCo and RUN.
Method 2 — Stereo system with turntable
only.
Step I — Make a patch cord to go from
your stereo headphone jack to
the AUX input on your CTR-
80 using a 6' Extension Cord-
146
the RAINBOW July 1983
Miniature Phone Plug (R.S.
#42-2420)and a Plug Adap-
ter (R.S. #274-046 or R.S.
#274-305). No soldering will be
required. (The R.S. #42-2157
Mini Phone Plug to Stereo
Phone Plug will also work.)
Step 2 — Record the record on your
CTR-80.
Step 3 — Load the tape into your CoCo
using "CLOAD" and then
RUN.
Comments
1) Do not try to input data directly from
your stereo system. This could possibly
damage your computer.
2) If precise recording levels can be obtained,
the recording level should be lOdBM.
3) Once the program is loaded into the com-
puter, save the data to another tape using
CSAVE "name of program" for future use.
0@ylbll@ 0@im/ibyj §@lf%iuu)<siff ©
COLOR TERM + PLUS +
An Intelligent Terminal Program For The Color
Computer or TDP 100.
Features:
BAUD RATE - 1 10 to 19200
Half or Full Duplex
One or two Stop Bits
Odd, Even or No Parity
Word WRAP
Turn off Lowercase Letters
Send All Control Characters
Print Buffer
Examine Buffer
Send & Receive BASIC or Machine Language Programs
or Files.
Editor allows entry of text into Buffer as well as
Editing of Buffer.
(Disk Version Has more powerful Editor)
Special Feature:
Code & Decode ANYTHING in the Buffer for Secure
Transmission or Storage Using a User defined key word
PRICE $29.95 (Tape) $39.95 (Disk) 16k or 32k Req.
COLOR KEY COMMAND
Looking for a powerful programmer's aid, but you don't
have a fortune to spend? This program is for you! Look
at these features: two keystroke entry of more than 80
Basic, Extend Basic, and Disk Basic commands. Select
the color of your cursor. Select the prompt you want —
no more "OK" when a program bombs! Automatic line
numbering — you select the start line and increment! 4
custom programmable keys for a total of 64 characters
each — enter whole lines with two key presses! Copy
any line with the copy command. Merge tape programs
together automatically. Redefine any or all keys with a
short basic program we supply. How can you get all this
and more for so little? Because you make the keyboard
overlay! We give you a template with all commands
printed on it — you cut it out and use it. That is all there
is to it! Note: Not all features are available on every
machine; some require Extended or Disk Basic to work
properly. 16K or 32K Req. PRICE $18.95 (tape)* D
UNDERGROUND
Tired of playing adventure games that have a limited
vocabulary? Underground gives a detailed description
of your surroundings, just like a main-frame adventure!
There are over 90 separate rooms, passageways, etc.
Discover what the mysterious machine does, what lies in
the Egyptian sarcophagus, how do you tame the guard-
ian of Hell's Gate, where is the fabled golden apple?
Everything is up to you. You give the orders, you are the
hero. This adventure is not for the faint of heart! You
can suspend your game at any time and continue later.
Takes from 5 to 20 hours to play.
32K ext. BASIC Req. PRICE $26.95 Disk only
TAPENAME
Tapename searches tape ami stores iho name* of any
program or file. You can print the information to the
screen, printer or tape. Also chocks for load emirs,
^k, Hik, or:l:>k liog. or Ext. BASIC.
PRICK t7.95 (tape)' D
COLOR DISK SAVER
Saves a disk (o iapr. Keloadsiiisk from saved tape. Also
has tape verify cmiunund! :32k Ext. BASIC lie*).
PRICK •12.»(S luipt-r * 1)
COLOR DOCTOR
Discuss your problems with your computer. Color Doc-
tor will discuss your problems with you. This is a great
party program! Your friends will not believe that your
computer is tnlk iny hack to them! Is il intelligent'? sure
seems like it!
1UK ext. BASIC Req. PRICE « lfi.9fi (tape) I)
Use your MODEM for something other
than a dust catcher— play games!
Two tapes and two sets of instructions are includ-
ed with each MODEM game.
MODEM CHESS Use your Modem and your Color Com-
puter to play chess ol«r Ute phone! Has high res color
graphics l>oard and pieces. Make your move, select a
message lo send, press a button— seconds later your op
ponents board is updated automatically. Has audio
alerts, lel'syou know when a move Is being made.
16k or 32k Ext. BASIC Req.
PRICE S39.95 (tape)" D
MODEM CHECKERS Play checkers ot*r Uiephonef Pro-
gram allows up to 4 jumps to be made at a lime, crown
pieces, etc, lf>k or 32k Ext . BASIC Req.
PRICE S39.95 (tape)'* D
MODEM IAGO Play our version of Othello over lite
phone! Make your move, press a key. your oprxinenl's
board is updated seconds later! Has a lakehack key if
you decide you don't like the move you made. 16k or
32k Ext. BASIC Req.
PRICE $39.95 (tape)" D
CURSOR II
Bute (hill blinking cursor? Tired of seeing the rompuier
print "UK'" after your program jilM Ixmibcil? Cursor II
changes the cui-sor to a solid, non-flashing roil. Knier
an)' message up to "2(H) characters in length. Your
message will be displayed instead of "OK"
«»k. Hik. or :12k Reg. or Ext. BASIC:.
PRICE $-1.95 (tape)'
SUPER PEEKER
This is a BASIC program thai will allow tin* user to ex-
plore iltn inside of the color computer. Explore the
possibilities with Super Peeker.
Hik or ;)2k Kxt. BASIC lieq.
PRICE $9.95 (tape)"
COLOR B10RHYTHM Are you up or down today
tomorrow, or years from now? Kind tint wiih COLOR
lUOKHYTIlM. l ! ses high res graphics. Send the chart lo
printer. JlikordJk Kxt. BASIC Rei].
PRICK $14.98 (tape) D
DD CLOCK Don't forget what lime it is when you are
programming. The time is displayed in the upper right
corner of your screen. Shows hours, minutes and
seconds. Beep.s ever> hour.
•Ik. Hik. up :12k. lExi. BASIC noi required.)
PRICK $9.95 (tape)' D
AUTO LOAD Auto Load will put any program or file
from tape to dink! All machine language programs that
load below the top of your disk system are modified so
that they will operate properly wiili a disk system!
hik or :12k Ext. BASIC Req
PRICK $12.95 (tape)*
GALACTIC MATH
Load this game into your computer and start playing!
This is a math tutor that is really an arcade game! Keep
those saucers from landing! There are no "happy faces"
or 1 'funny clowns' ' in this math program. This is a multi-
level addition and multiplication quiz. You select the dif-
ficulty level. This program uses high resolution color
graphics and shows the score, elapsed time, number of
hits, number of misses and number of "bases' ' left to the
player. Adults may start this game, but the kids will
finish it! This program has been teacher and kid tested.
Realistic explosions and laser fire sounds make this pro-
gram a winner! This program rates an A + . For grades 1
andup.l6Kor 32 Ext BASIC Req. PRICE $15.95(tape)D
^(//V/ CLONE ATTACK
Blast those nasties as they appear! 3 skill levels and 9
levels of difficulty. Uses -high res color graphics,
Joysticks required. 16k or 32k Ext. BASIC only,
PRICE $15.95 (tape) (Disk 32k only)
^ASff MOON BASE INVASION
Nuclear bombs are ncaring your cities! Can you stop
them hefore t hey reach you 9 High res graphics.
10k or 32k Ext. iJASIC Req.
PRICE $12.95 (tape) D
COLOR IAGO
Based on popular Othello game. Match wits with your
computer! Uses high res color graphics. 5 levels of dif-
ficulty. Joysticks required. 16k or 32 Ext. BASIC.
PRICE $15.95 (tape) D
COLOR COMPUTER/TDP-100
SUPER-PRO
REPLACEMENT KEYBOARD KIT
©M<i! $64.95
* All machine code D Disk Compatible
** BASIC with machine code t>ubroulinei>
Specify Disk when ordering and add $!>.(M) per program.
Save money and u.sk that all ordered programs ho loaded
on one disk. You pay only for the one disk! Please add
shipping and handling on all orders. No extra
charge on CODnrders. Mastercard and VISA accepted.
Allow two wei-k* for personal cheek*. Your order will
usually he shipped within two or three days. We will
notify you of any problems within one week. Send 20
cent .stamp f or f roe catalog.
DOUBLE DENSITY SOFTWARE
920 Baldwin Street
Denton, Texas 76201
Phone 817/566-2004.
V/SA
THE STEREO COMPOSER
■ mm
THE VOICE
The STEREO COMPOSER music synthesizer was developed for the true music
lover. All the features available for the COMPOSER described below are also
available for the STEREO COMPOSER. However, instead of using the single6 bit
digital to analog converter built into the computer and the speaker built into your
TV, the STEREO COMPOSER uses two 8 bit digital to analog converters which
drive two audio power amplifiers. These amplifiers supply enough audio power
to easily drive your own external speakers. If you like, the output may be con-
nected to your home stereo system to further increase fidelity. Connection is
provided by two phono connector's. If the music is too loud, two built-in volume
controls are provided to allow you to control the volume of each of the channels
separately. The advantage of being able to use external high quality speakers is
obvious. The use of higher quality digital to analog converters serves to further
increase music fidelity.
The STEREO COMPOSER produces music in stereo. Of the 4 voices produced, 2
are directed to each channel. This ability alone increases the realism of the
music. You can even move the voices between speakers as the music plays.
The STEREO COMPOSER comes assembled, tested, burned in, with all the
software and hardware to allow you to immediately start enjoying your music. A
complete manual and examples are provided to give you everything you need to
know.
The STEREO COMPOSER iscompletely memory decoded so itdoes not conflict
with the Radio Shack disk controller. In this way, disk owners with an expansion
interface such as the BT-1 000 by Basic Technology can prod uce music from disk
with the STEREO COMPOSER in one slot and the disk controller in another In
tact, you can even have THE VOICE in another slot without any fears that there
will be memory conflicts.
Requires Extended BASIC and Minimum of 16K
Specify Cassette or Disk
STEREO COMPOSER (Hardware and Software) Si 19.95
THE COMPOSER
The COMPOSER is a4 voice music compiler which easily allows one to develop
high quality music. Each voice is programmed separately. In addition, each
voice uses its own waveshape table which means a unique sound for each of the
4 voices.
The COMPOSER featuresa7 octaverange It supportsdotted and double dotted
notes as well as eighth, quarter, and standard triplet notes. Sixteenth and thirty
second notes are also supported.
The COMPOSER allows the music to be played at any tempo and in any key. And
believe it or not. the tempo and key can be modified as the music plays. This
gives the user tremendous versatility in developing music. Key modification also
allows the user to move the music up or down one or more octaves.
The COMPOSER displays a constantly changing random kaleidoscope pattern
as the music plays. In addition, the number of the note being played is displayed
which aids one in finding sour notes during music development. Both of these
displays can be disabled to allow any screen to be displayed while the music is
playing. In this way, one can show the words to a song ordisplay a picture as the
music plays.
The COMPOSER develops a machine language position independent sub-
routine that can be Saved. Loaded, and Executed independent of all other
software. This means that you can share your music with friends. In fact, you can
write your own BASIC programs that call and play the music. Software vendors
may include the music in their own product.
TheCOMPOSER ismenudriven making itextremely easy and friendly to useand
operate. A thick operating manua\ is aiso provided. Many examples are given to
aid the user in getting started. All you need is provided, no additional hardware is
necessary. Don't let the price fool you, the COMPOSER has got to be heard to be
appreciated.
Requires Extended BASIC and Minimum of 16K
CASSETTE VERSION $24.95
DISK VERSION (32K) $29.95
SPEECH SYSTEMS got its start providing high quality speech synthesizers lor
SS-50 bus computers. We are now proud to announce the same high quality
product for the Color Computer and TDP-100.
THE VOICE should no! be mistaken with software speech synthesizers which
require the computer to do all the work in producing speech.
THE VOICE uses a special large scale integrated circuit, the SC-01 by VOTRAX,
to reproduce any one of 64 phonemes at4 inflections. Phonemesarebasic units
of speech which allow one to reproduce any word in English as well as many
other languages.
THE VOICE has two outputs. Speech may be heard through the user's TV
speaker, or the built-in audio power ampl ifier may be connected to your own
external speaker. A phono connector is provided for this purpose and if the
volume is too high, a built-in volume control may be used to adjust it to the
proper level.
THE VOICE comes assembled, tested, burned in. with all the necessary
hardware and software. A complete manual with many examples are provided to
gel you started in developing your own BASIC or machine language programs to
use speech.
THE VOICE is completely memory decoded so it does not conflict with the Radio
Shack disk controller In this way. disk owners with an expansion interface such
as the BT-1000 by Basic Technology can produce speech from disk with THE
VOICE in one slot and the disk controller in another. In fact, you can even have
the STEREO COMPOSER in another slot without any fears that there will be
memory conflicts.
We are trying to develop a library of software forTHE VOICE. Toward this end. we
will be offering substantial royalties to software authors for their work.
Requires Extended BASIC and Minimum of 1 6K
Specify Cassette or Disk
THE VOICE (Hardware and Software) $179.95
HOW TO ORDER
We accept CASH, CHECK, COD, VISA, and MASTER CARD orders.
Shipping and handling for all products in the
continental US and Canada $2.00
Shipping and handling for all products outside the
continental US and Canada $5.00
COD charge (requires cash, certified check, or
money orde r) $2.00
Illinois residents purchasing the STEREO COMPOSER or THE VOICE please ad£
5'/4% sales tax.
Dealer Inquiries Invited
SPECIALISTS IN SYNTHESIZERS
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER AND TOP- WO.
emA
Speec
38W255 DEER PATH ROAD
BATAVIA, ILLINOIS 60510
(312) 879-6880
RAINBOW
CALL ANY DAY. ANYTIME TO ORDER. YOU MAY ALSO ORDER BY MAIL.
Learning Through
Program Dissection
By Joseph Kolar
Rainbow Contributing Editor
YouVe come a long way! It is time to introduce you to
program analysis.
There comes a time, which you may have reached, when
things begin to fall into place. You know the rudiments of
BASIC and have spent a lot of time at the keyboard. You are
beginning to get the feel of computing. It is all starting to
make sense. But, not quite!
There are some things thai remain hazy. Things you don't
grasp. You understand the program "in toto," but not every
line. In fact, a few lines may not ring a bell at all.
Dredge up the 3CRAPS program listing from our June
installment. It will be used as the example to demonstrate
one way to analyze a program. This will be a learning
experience, and in a sense you will become an author.
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INSPECT, SEARCH, SORT, MAILING LABELS, TICKER FILE,
and INVOICE all so easily, you'll wonder why you waited so long!
Up to 500 RECORDS containing 10 FIELDS can be stored per file
(memory and system dependent).
CMAILIST is available in the following versions:
4.0 Cassette Systems (specify 16K or 32K) $ 19.95
5.0 Disk Systems $24.95
5.12 Drive Disk Systems with INVOICing $29.95
CMAILIST includes an easy to follow Comprehensive Manual
& 1 year warranty.
SO JOIN THE GREATEST ADVENTURE OF ALL-YOU WILL BE A
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Prices Include Shipping! COD Accepted on Software only!
Send check or money orders to:
PEACOCK ENT.
194 CANNONGATE III ROAD
NASHUA, NH 03063
603-880-8169 Mon-Sat 10-10
148 the RAINBOW July 1983
A notebook, similar to the reference notebooks you
created, will be used. Do not number the pages. Using a
black, felt-tipped pen, on a well-centered, gummed labels
print "program analysis." On the inside cover, about two
inches from the top, draw about five horizontal lines. Print
"contents" neatly, above the top line. Between the two top
lines you drew, print neatly, "3CRAPS,"or some title that is
meaningful to you.
On the top line of the first page, print in red ink, "analysis
of 3CRAPS." Skip a line. In black ink, print in paragraph
form, a summary of the program. Use your own words and
add anything you discover as you analyze the program.
An example: "This is an attempt to analyze, by dissecting
line by line, a home-made 3 crap dice game taken from the
Rainbow, June 1 983."
Remember, when you analyze a program, no permanent
modifications, revisions or improvements are made. This is
a no-no!
CLOAD and RUN the program. Look it over carefully
and compare it with your listing. Then, LIST \i in incre-
ments, (list- 1 00; list 100-200) and try to figure out the pur-
pose of each line. Keep your program in memory. You may
want to run the program or just a part of it to verify how a
line reads and what it does.
Note: You can run a program from a selected point by
"RUN 130-" to begin at line 130. Try it and see what
happens. RUN 140- to RUN 1 70-. Notice the different
results you get. Some lines may give a UL error. Try to figure
out why.
Good starting or insertion points are at CLS, PRINTor
REM lines. They will carry the program forward to a logical
stop, IN PUT or press ENTER, awaiting some information
necessary to continue. If none is demanded, the program
will run to the end. These are good entry points to check out
certain parts of a program.
Suppose you wanted to check out line 220 in action. Line
220 states that if the total of the three dice is four you will
GOTO line 570, which, aftera short pause, will tell you ona
blue background the bad news that you lost. You might have
to wait all day for a four to be cast. One way to overcome this
would be to inject the desired result, "4," by changing lines:
140 B=l; 150 A=l; 160 C=2. Another way: change line 170
R=4 which ignores the results of lines 140-160. There are
other ways to achieve the desired result. Can you work out
(Joseph Kolar is a free-lance writer and programmer
dedicated to proselytizing for computers in general,
and the CoCo specifically.) ^
"WANNA FIND OUT
WHAT FUN REALLY IS?"
THE KIND OF EXCITEMENT YOU GET OUT OF YOUR SYSTEM DEPENDS ON
WHAT GAMES YOU PUT I NTO IT.
If You Want to Find Out What it's Like to Use yourComputer to its Fullest....Then These are the Games
You'll Need! for your trs-80 color computer
Dunke/Munkey
32K EXTENDED BASIC NOT REQUIRED
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
'J llOO
ON THIS SCREEN:
Pop the Rivets and Fight Fires
ON THIS SCREEN:
Jump Barrels and Ride the Elevator
We're sure you already know
the rules to this game' As game
progresses so does the diffi-
culty level.
Cassette $24.95
Diskette $29.95
ULTRA-FAST MACHINE LANGUAGE ■ HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS ■ SPECTACULAR SOUND EFFECTS
STARFIR€
16K EXTENDED BASIC NOT REQUIRED
Give your Color Computer
a New Image!
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
Plays like popular arcade game
Defender"' including:
• Hyperspace
• Smart Bombs
■ Radar Scanner
Cassette $21.95
Diskette $26.95
Int eIIec trnnics
22 Churchill Lane
Smithtown, N.Y. 11787
(516) 543-6642
Ltd
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
SCREEN - 64
64 Characters X 32 Lines
Upper & LowerCase
16K EXTENDED BASIC NOT REQUIRED
1. Load in SCREEN-64
2. Type EXEC
3. You're Back in BASIC with a 64 x 32
Screen plus....
FEATURES:
• Slow/Fast Scroll Selectable
• Window Capabilities
• Text & Graphic on same screen
• Superscript/Subscript
• Reverse Screen/Reverse Video
• No Hardware Modification Needed
Cassette $19.95
Diskette $24.95
We pay all shipping. All orders shipped in
24 hours. N.Y. residents please add sales
tax. Canadian orders please send M.O. in
U.S. funds only.
any? Of course, you must restore the original line or you will
be "4'ed"to death.
Jf you have Extended Color BASIC, you can TRONyom
way through a program. We shall assume that you have
Color BASIC only.
By now, you are hopelessly addicted to the 80C. If you
have 4K, Color BASIC, I strongly urge you to have your
machine upgraded to include Extended Color BASIC and
I6K, in that order. You are going to do it anyway. You will
be glad you did!
Back to the drawing board. After your introductory
notes, skip a line. In black ink, print "10" to the left of the
red, vertical line. To the right of this line, print in black ink
the actual listing of line 10, up to the color (:), which separ-
ates multiple statements massed in one line. On the next line,
indent about an inch and in red ink, using your own words,
print an explanation of the meaning of that segment of the
line: "blank out the screen." In black ink, on the next line,
lined up with the black listing, print ":PRINT." Indent an
inch on the next line and in red, print "skip a line."
Next line: write 20 to the left of the red, vertical line. Print
the following: print "rules" to the right. Count the spaces
between ("") and (R) and write the number, enclosed in a
circle in the space. (Sometimes, it is easier to count them
from the screen than thelint listing.) On the next line, indent
and in red, print: the word "rules" is centered on the screen.
Do you knowanother way to achieve the same result? If you
do, in pencil write any alternate way you have discovered to
get exactly the same result. Try it out to be certain by
OELRICH PUBLICATIONS
BRINGS YOU
GREAT SOFTWARE VALUES
1. ) ZAXXON (by Datasoft) The official version from
SEGA. Great graphics and sound! Maneuver
your way through enemy planes and anti-air-
craft fire to meet your date with the deadly robot
ZAXXON ! 32K cassette $35.95
2. ) MOONSHUTTLE (by Datasoft) Watch your
screen explode with life threatening man-o-
wars, meteors, bomb launchers and more! The
Prince of Darkness is the enemy, so this one will
take your best effort. 16K cassette $31.00
3. ) 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe (by J. Makowski) It's human vs.
computer in this all machine language version
of a classic. Great graphics and a very strong
playing program make this a bargain.
16K cassette $16.95
4. ) FROG TREK (by R. Oelrich) Use the keyboard ar-
rows to guide your frog through rush hourtraffic
and across the river. All machine language code
forfastplay. 16K cassette $14.95
All prices include shipping so you save!
TO ORDER SEND CHECK OR M/O TO:
OELRICH PUBLICATIONS
4040 NASHVILLE
CHICAGO IL 60634
OR CALL TOLL FREE: 800-621-0105
(in Illinois call 312-545-9286)
VISA AND MASTERCARD ACCEPTED
replacing line 20 in the listing and RUN it. Restore the
original line.
Follow the same format throughout, systematically pro-
gressing from one line number to the next. Do not skip a line
number. If you are uncertain of the meaning of a line, leave
adequate space to put in your explanation at a later time.
List multiple entries, separated by a (:) separately. The
exception would be an obvious case such as line 30 PRINT:
PRINT:PRINT. Put the entry on one line in black; indent
on next line and in red print "skip three lines."
"There comes a time, which you may have
reached, when things begin to fall into place.
You know the rudiments of BASIC and have
spent a lot of time at the keyboard. You are
beginning to get the feel of computing. It is all
starting to make sense. But, not quite I"
Drop down to line 1 80. It would be listed, in its turn, as
described above. An explanation could be "print the results
of the cast of the 4 A' die at screen location 200. Verify the
location by checking the print @ worksheet in the manual."
If you know another way, add it in pencil. You could say:
"PRINT @ 32*6+8, A."
Drop to line 480, which would be listed in its proper turn.
This line means that if you rolled a number, 2, that was not
equal to the number you were supposed to roll, R, or was not
a 10, then get set to make another cast. Notice how lines
480-500 give you all possible directions for any number that
might be cast.
Isn't it interesting to puzzle out the significance of every
line? But, what happens when you get hung up? If you can't
figure it out, try different strategms. For instance, RUN the
program from some entry point near the problem area.
Delete the line or lines that bug you. See what happens.
(Remember to replace the lines later.) Pass around the prob-
lem line with a GOTO or insert an (') at the beginning of a
line to effectively bypass the line. Substitute other data.
Introduce temporary markers. (Insert an * at some point.)
There are lots of things you can try to isolate the problem.
RUN the program or part of the program, observing what
changes occur, and you will get many good clues to help you
solve the problem.
Finally, if all fails, leave a few lines blank for the explana-
tion. Continue, and return to it later. This will indicate your
weak areas and what you need to work on. Don't be
obsessed with it. It may come to you later like a flash out of
the blue.
Eventually, you will have the entire program psyched out.
Good for you! Getting it down on paper helps to jog your
memory.
At some time, you will come across an intriguing and
more complex program listing that you will want to dissect
and study. Save it fora project and when you want a change
of pace, get the old notebook out and chop it up.
After you do four to six analyses, you will discover that
you will begin to meaningfully read listings and give up
dissecting programs. That is as it should be. In the mean-
time, have fun!
150 the RAINBOW July 1983
PRICKLY- PEAR SOFTWARE
QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COCO & TDP-100
PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K EXTENDED BASIC FOR TAPE, AND 32K DISK UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
Flight
If you'd like to fly a plane then this is what you've been
waiting for. A really good graphics oriented flight simulator
in high resolution. Four difficulty levels let you go from
student level to a difficult instrument-only landing. In front
of you on the screen are your instruments, and above
them are two representations of your plane in relation to
the flight path (top and side views). At the higher levels all
you have to go by are the instruments. Can you put it down
on the runway to hear the synthesized voice from the
tower say ''perfect landing"? It's tough! You use your
joystick just like the control stick on a plane, and the action
is realistic indeed. This program was written by a pro-
fessional flyer— a pilotfora major United States air carrier,
and the high standards of professionalism really show.
Just CLOADM and take to the skies!! Requires 32K
extended. TAPE is $1 9.95 — DISK is $24.95
The Fantasy Master's Secretary
This program will be greatly appreciated by the many
people trying to run a fantasy game! It's not easy to keep
track of hit points, charges in magic items, monsters, game
time, armor values, and a lot more, all while trying to
conduct a meelee and listen to 8 people talking at once. If
you ever thought you needed a secretary, this is it! It keeps
track of all the above and more, and even has a help file in
case you forget how to use it. It also figures the experience
points of monsters while keeping an electronic eye on
value and weight of treasure found. You'll truly wonder
how you got along without it!!! If you quit before the
campaign is completed, you can save the whole thing to
tape (or disk) and take up right where you left off next time
you play. At the beginning it will ask you whether or not the
players canseethe screen, and set its displays up accord-
ingly. Remember, this isn't a game — it's an aid to use with
a fantasy game. $1 9.95 tape — $24.95 disk.
Eight-bit Bartender:
This will light up your next party! Over 100 great drink
recipes are stored by the bartender and called up at your
command. Askforthembydrink name, main liquor used, or
class of drink (highball, cocktail, etc.). These were gathered
from the favorites and house specialties at famous pubs
and taverns across the US. It outputs to the screen, printer,
or both! At your next party let the guests browse through
the Bartender. Needs 32K. TAPE $1 9.95— DISK $24.95
Phonics I
This classroom-tested program is the newest in our Phonics
series. Written by the same elementary school teacher, it
takes up where PREREAD I, II, & III leave off. Actually two
programs (on separate tapes), the TUTORIAL teaches all
22 of the consonant blends using on-screen graphics and
voice (controlled by the computer and played through the
TV speaker). The TEST program asks for the letters in
these blends (again using voice throught the speaker), and
checks the keyboard input for the correct answer. Again,
on screen graphics are used as an aid to learning, and
immediate feedback to the learner is given.
Phonics II
Similar to Phonics I in concept and execution, but Phonics
II teaches consonant digraphs. Again there are two pro-
grams (on different tapes) for the TUTORIAL and TEST
modes.
Both Phonics I and Phonics II are well documented, andare
sold separately on TAPES for $24.95 each. They are also
available as a package — only on DISK for $44.95.
A Partial List of Prickly-Pear Programs
Astrology, Gangbusters, Household Helper,
Fantasy Gamer's Package, Viking, Football,
Preread I, II & III, Mathpac I, Tarot, I Ching,
Numerology, The Great Word Game, The 80C
Songbook, Phonics I, Phonics 2, Flight, Las
Vegas Weekend, The 8-Bit Bartender, The
Fantasy Master's Secretary, Monsters& Magic,
Topsy Turvy, Galactic Patrol, Blockade, Sea
Wars, Jungle, Spanish . . .
FOR DISK VERSIONS ON AMDEK CARTRIDGES, ADD $5.
Your Personal check is welcome - no delay. Include
$1.50 shipping for each program ordered. (Shipping free
on $50.00 or larger orders). Az. residents add 6% sales
tax. Orders shipped within two days.
Stocked by Quality Dealers, or
Send Order To PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
9234 E. 30th Street
Tucson, Arizona 85710
(602) 886-1505
TUTORIAL
DISK
BASIC
Most people with disk systems use the D//?ectory
command to list the names of files on their
diskette, but many may not have a good idea of
what the disk directory really is and other ways it may be
used. The disk directory is that information stored on the
diskette which tells Disk BASIC what files are there and
where those files are located. Disk BASIC needs this infor-
mation to use these files to store programs or data.
The total disk directory is composed of a file allocation
table and directory entries for each file. When you use the
DIR command, this information is combined to tell you the
name and size of each file. You can redirect this information
to your printer by POKEyng the printer's device number
(254) into location 1 1 1 before requesting the directory list-
ing. POKEW 1 ,254: DIR] will print the directory for drive 1.
Disk BASIC divides the diskette into 35 tracks. You can
visualize these tracks as concentric circles. Each track is
sub-divided into 18 sectors. The designation of a track and
sector identifies a unique area of the disk which contains 256
bytes of information. The Disk BASIC file system groups
nine of these numerically adjacent sectors into a unit called a
Granule. There are two Granules per track. A Granule is the
smallest unit that will be allocated to a file. The use of this
Granule convention results in fewer disk areas for the file
system to manage. There is no reason that this value had to
be nine. Tandy could have decided to group six, or three, or
two sectors into an allocation unit, or even allocated indi-
vidual sectors. The use of a smaller allocation unit would
haver resulted in less disk data area being wasted, but more
disk space being required for directory information and
( Mr. Hefter is president of Custom Software Engineer-
ing of Cocoa Beach, Florida )
152 the RAINBOW July 1983
more overhead in the allocation process. The filesystem uses
track 17 for the directory information. This leaves 34 tracks
(68 Granules) available for files. The table below shows the
track/ sector of the first sector of each Granule.
Gran-
ule# 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
o/i
0/10
l/l
1/ 10
2/1
2/ 10
3/1
3/10
4/1
4/ 10
10
5/1
5/ 10
6/1
6/10
//I
7/ 10
8/1
8/10
9/1
9/10
20
10/ 1
10/10
M/l
1 1/10
12/ 1
12/10
13/1
13/10
14/1
14/10
30
15/ 1
15/ 10
16/ 1
16/ 10
18/ 1
18/ 10
19/ 1
19/ J 0
20/ 1
20/10
40
21/1
21/10
22/ 1
22/ 10
23/ 1
23/ 10
24/ I
24/10
25/ 1
25/10
50
26/1
26/10
27/1
27/ 10
28/ 1
28/ 10
29/ 1
29/ 10
30/1
30/10
60
31/1
31/ 10
32/ 1
32/ 10
33/ 1
33/10
34/ 1
34/ 10
Tabulation Of Track/ Sector For Each Granule
The file allocation table (which is really a Granule alloca-
tion table) is located in sector 2 of track 17. Only the first 68
bytes of this sector are used. Each byte corresponds to one
Granule on the disk. The first byte will give the status of
Granule 0. The 15th byte will be the status of Granule 14. If
the value of the byte is 255, it means that the corresponding
Granule is not in use. A byte value between 0 and 67 indi-
cates that the corresponding Granule is in use, and the byte
value is a pointer to the next Granule of the file. This means
that this Granule is not the last Granule of the file. A value
between 192 and 202 means that the corresponding Granule
is the last Granule of the file and tells how many of the 9
sectors in that Granuleare part of the file. The file allocation
table does not provide enough information to tell where any
given file begins.
Sectors 3 through 1 I of track 17 contain the actual names
of the files on the disk and other information including the
number of the first Granule of each file. This information is
referred to as the directory entry. The directory entry for
Skyline Software
PUBLISHERS OF QUALITY MICROCOMPUTER SOFTWARE
PAGE PLUS — Attention BASIC programmers! Here is the software you've been waiting for! Up to 56K available
from your BASIC programs. This utility, written by Chris Hawks, does the memory management necessary to utilize
the two 32K banks of memory. Easy enough for any 'intermediate' level BASIC programmer to use. Includes
documentation and demo programs to show you how to use PAGE PLUS to get the most out of your computer.
Works with 64K tape or disk systems.
Cassette $27.95 Disk $29.95
MDISK — Hal Snyder's latest breakthrough for the 64K Color Computer! MDISK lets you use the upper 32K of
memory for rapid storage and retrieval of programs and data. Whether you own an actual disk drive or not, MDISK
puts the 'hidden' 32K to work for you as a 'virtual disk,' with capability to save and load up to 15 programs, view a
directory of files stored in 'page V, kill unwanted page 1 files, execute BASIC or machine language directly from
MDISK, chain to a BASIC program while preserving data already created, and more. These functions are available
not only under manual keyboard control, but from programs in progress as well, permitting high-speed swapping of
programs or data. Unlike many 64K utilities, MDISK doesn't copy BASIC to RAM. This greatly increases the amount
of workspace available to you (by 22K in a disk system). MDISK is written in position independent code, and will
work on disk or tape based 64K systems. Full documentation included.
Cassette $27.95 Disk $29.95
ROMBACK — Why pay more? The easiest to use ROM-pak dumping utility available! At the best price, too! Comes
with full documentaion, including detailed patching instructions to allow several popular 'problem' cartridges to run
from tape or disk. Stop plugging and unplugging your disk controller! Don't blow any more SAM chips or 6809Es!
Use ROMBACK, and run those programs from tape or disk instead. Works with any 64K Extended BASIC tape or
disk system.
Cassette $16.95
QUICKSORT — A machine language sort routine specifically designed to be used by BASIC programmers. This
utility will speed up those programs where a BASIC sort is just too slow. Great for mailing lists and databases. Can
be incorporated into many existing programs as well. Written in position independent code, works on tape or disk
systems. 16K required.
Casette $12.95
64K BOOT/PAGER — Two 'must have' utilities for the 64K Color Computer owner. The 64K Boot allows you to
modify BASIC by moving it from ROM to RAM. The PAGER is a menu-
driven utility allowing you to manually page between the 32K banks of
memory, copying BASIC or data from one page to the other, the
complete assembler source code for both programs is included, so you
can see how it's done! Both programs are written in position independent
code and run on 64K tape or disk systems.
Cassette $19.95
STRUCTURED MACROS — An assembly language programming tool for
users of the Macro-80C assembler, by the Micro Works. Structured
macros come close to transforming your assembler into a high-level
language. Your programs become more understandable and debugging is
simplified. Commands include IF, ELS, ENDIF, IFTST, IFCC, WHILE,
ENDWH, REPEAT, and UNTIL.
Disk $19.95
WIZARD'S TOMB — A text and graphic adventure that the whole family
can play! Like no other that you've played before. Up to four players
can be involved in the attempt to enter the Wizard's Tomb. 16K and
Extended BASIC required.
Cassette $12.95
WIZARD'S TOMB, PART II — Takes up where Wizard's Tomb left off.
Now that you've found the treasure in the Wizard's Tomb, try to find your
way through the ten levels of the catacombs! Good luck— you'll need it!
32K and Extended BASIC required.
Casette $15.95
WIZARD 64 — If you've got 64K, then this one's for you! Uses both 32K
pages of memory for graphics and action — combines the features of
Wizard's Tomb and Wizard's Tomb Part II into one great game.
Challenging enough for adults, yet entertaining for younger players too.
64K Extended BASIC required.
Cassette $21.95 Disk $23.95
All Software Available on 3" AMDISK Cartridges — $4 additiona
Dealer Inquiries Invited.
ORDERING
INFORMATION
ALL ITEMS SHIPPED
FROM STOCK
Phone orders
may be placed at:
(312) 260-0929
(Our voice line),
or with your
computer at:
(312) 260-0640
(Our MODEM line)
Mail orders
and requests for catalogs
should be sent to:
SOFT CITY
442 Sunnyside
Wheaton, II
60187
VISA
[MosfefCard]
each file does not tell how many Granules long that file is.
This is why both the directory entry and the file allocation
table are required to produce the D/R listing. The directory
entry tells where the file begins. Counting the Granules as it
traces through the file allocation table until it finds the last
Granule tells how long it is. Figure 1 illustrates how this all
works.
Each directory entry uses 32 bytes even though only 16
bytes contain any useful information. The first 8 bytes are
the file name and the next 3 are the extension (BAS, DAT,
etc.). If the first byte of the file name is zero, it means that the
file has been killed. If the first byte of the name is a 255, it
means that entry and all following entries have not been
used — no need to look further. It is the 14th byte of each
entry which tells the number of the first Granule of that file.
The disk directory is not part of any file and may not be
OPENed or read with the INPUT command. Disk BASIC
provides another command which will bypass the file system
and allow you to directly read any sector of the disk. This is
the DSKJS command and uses as parameters the drive
number, track, sector, and two string variables — one to
receive the first 128 bytes of the sector and one for the last
\2S bytes. (Remember that one string variable will not hold
more than 255 bytes).
Now we have enough background to put that disk direc-
tory to work for us. Listing 1 shows a program which may be
Figure 1
I
B>tf
u
Kile A
, BAS,
> i
Kile B
!dat;
Directory Entry
255
File Allocation Table
255
2^
200 1 „ 201
\n
200
255
255
255
r\u i em)
r
FIND
END
Byte #
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
Granule #
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
used to get a different kind of directory listing. This program
will produce a map which shows which Granules are used
for each file and their order of use. This program checks the
first character of the file name for 255 (Vint 50) to find the
first unused entry (no need to read further) and checks for a
zero (line 70) to see which files should be omitted from the
listing. Line 80 prints the file name and extension and finds
the first Granule of the file. Line 90 traces through the file
allocation table until the last Granule is found. This pro-
gram is written to allow you to customize it for your own
use. For example, if you want the listing in alphabetical
order, just add a bubble sort between line 60 and 70. Or if
you want only BASIC programs listed, test for this in line
70. Try running this program on several of your diskettes.
The map produced may be of use if you have problems
with your diskette. Listing 2 is a short program which may
be used to read all sectors on a diskette. If you get an I/O
error while trying to backup a diskette, run this short pro-
gram. It wili terminate with an I/O error, but the last track/ -
sector displayed on your screen will tell you the first sector
which cannot be read. You can generally make this sector
readable by writing over it with a DISKOS command. You
can then use your map and the track/ sector vs. Granule
table to see which file (if any) has lost data. Remember to
run the program (listing 2) again to confirm that the sector is
readable and see if any other sectors are bad.
The directory map is also of use to show you how your
diskette is organized. If you have a map of a diskette you just
put into service, it will probably show the files are well
organized. Files are clustered around the middle of the
diskette and multi-Granule files are using adjacent areas.
But a map of a diskette which has been used for a while and
which has had files grow or shrink in size, files deleted
(killed), and others added, shows a less organized picture.
The disk system will try to allocate adjacent Granules when
it can. This is more than just aesthetically pleasing. It also
allows files to be read or written with a minimum of time
required to reposition the read head. But if you have several
files (data or program) which gradually grow over time, the
allocation pattern is one of intertwined Granule allocation.
The disk system BA CKUP capability is good for making
an exact duplicate of your diskette. It makes a physical
copy — that is, it copies all sectors whether used or not. The
BA CKUP process does nothing to reorganize your disk and
get things back to a neat (and efficient) allocation. The disk
system COP Y command does write a file copy as if it is just
being created, and in so doing keeps things together. You
can create a new and well organized disk just by copying all
of your old files to that new disk one by one. If you have
many files on the disk, this will be a bit of a chore.
But unlike the BA CKUP command, the COPKcommand
can be used by a program. The disk manual states that the
COP Y will erase memory, but it really doesn't. What it does
do is use whatever memory is not in use by your program.
The more memory available, the better COPY will work on
longer files.
Listing 3 is a program which will copy all files on a
diskette in Drive 0 to Drive 1 . The effect of copying all files is
to produce a logical backup of your diskette. But since this
new diskette will probably be better organized (more effi-
cient) than the original, you may want to make it your new
working copy and keep the original as the backup. The
COPY command will not write over an existing file. To use
this program, the new diskette must not have any files with
the same name as those on the diskette to be copied. This will
generally mean a newly formatted diskette.
The use of this program also has some other advantages.
The program will not try to read unused sectors so an
unreadable but unused sector will not be a problem. If your
old diskette is only partially filled, this procedure may actu-
ally be faster than the BACKUP command. You may use
this program to make one backup diskette combining two
half-filled diskettes as long as file names do not repeat. And
you may add those customizing touches like sorting the file
names or copying only program files or only files which start
or end with this or that. If you found a disorganized diskette
with program Listing 1 , try program Listing 3 on it and then
get a map of the new diskette to see what neat means!
Unfortunately, Listing 3 will not work on a one-drive
system. Program Listing 4 shows the modifications required
for a logical backup using only one drive. This version does
have many of the advantages of Listing 3, but it also has one
major disadvantage. You will need to switch diskettes at
least once for each file to be copied. For a single drive
system, the BA CATV/ 0 command will generally be easier and
154 the RAINBOW July 1983
The PROFESSIONAL Keyboard
A direct plug-in
replacement for your
Color Computer.
* Simple Installation
(No glueing or cutting)
*Redefinable keys
*Free Software - See page
80 of June 1983 RAINBOW
*No Extra Charge for TDP/F
Model
$69.95
"A Model 1 keyboard
in a Color Computer case.
This product is a real gem."
Rainbow Review, March 1983
* All TDP/F orders please specify
IMMMIM
'The Spectrum Switcher
is a fantastic device"
RAINBOW review, April,
1983, Page 207
SPECTRUM SWITCHER
$99.95
RAINBOW
Have your Disk and Cartridge too! -sr-
Transforms a Color Computer into a dual slot
system. Comes with extender cable.
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93 15 86th DRIVE WOODHAVEN, NY 11421
212 441-2807
all orders plus $3 S/H, N.Y. residents add sales tax
faster than Listing 4 (unless you only have about half a
dozen files). But you may wish to use the program when the
map shows a real need for reorganization.
You will probably find these small utilities useful. But
more important, the use and understanding of these pro-
grams will give you a better idea of how the file system uses
the disk directory and how to make it work for you.
Listing 1:
1 'LISTING #1
2 *
3 'THIS PROGRAM IS USED TO
4 'PRODUCE FILE ALLOCATION MAP
5 '
10 PCLEAR 1: CLEAR 2000: DIM F*<72
):DR=0 'DR IS DRIVE NUMBER
20 DSKI* DR, 17,2,AL*,B*
30 N=l:FOR S=3 TO 11
40 DSKI* DR, 17,S,A*,B«: A*=A*+LEF
T*(B*, 127) :FOR J=0 TO 7
50 F*(N)«MID*(A«, J#32+l, 16) : IF L
EFT* ( F* ( N ) , 1 ) =CHR* < 255 ) THEN N=N
-HGOTO 61
60 N=N+l:NEXT J,S
61 ' BUBBLE SORT CAN GO HERE
70 FOR M=l TO N: IF LEFT* <F* (M) , 1
)=CHR*(0) THEN 100
80 PRINT#-2:PRINT#-2,LEFT*(F*(M)
, 11 ) ; " "; :G=ASC(MID*(F*<M) , 14, l
) )
90 PRINT#-2,G; :G=ASC(MID*<AL
*,G+1,1)):IF G<68 THEN 90
100 NEXT M
IS DRIVE NUMBER
20 FOR T= 0 TO 34:CLS:F0R S=l TO
18
30 PRINT T,S:DSKI* DR, T,S, A*, B*:
NEXT S,T: CLEAR 2000
Listing 3:
1 'LISTING #3
2 '
3 'THIS PROGRAM IS USED TO
4 'MAKE A LOGICAL BACKUP FROM
5 'DRIVE 0 TO DRIVE 1
6 '
10 PCLEAR l: CLEAR 2000: DIM F*<72
) : DR=0 ' DR IS DR I VE NUMBER
30 N=l:FOR S=3 TO 11
40 DSKI* DR, 17, S, A* , B* : A*=A*+LEF
T*(B*, 127) :FOR J=0 TO 7
50 F*<N)=MID*(A«, J*32+l, 16) : IF L
EFT* <F* (N) , 1 ) =CHR* (255) THEN N=N
-i:GOTO 61
60 n=n+i:next j,s
61 'bubble sort can go here
70 FOR M=l TO N:IF LEFT* (F* (M) , 1
)=CHR*<0) THEN 100
80 W*=LEFT*<F*<M) , 8) +"/"+MID* (F*
(M) ,9,3) : PRINT W*:COPY W* TO W*+
" : 1 "
100 NEXT M
Listing 2:
1 'LISTING #2
2 '
3 'THIS PROGRAM IS USED TO CHECK
4 'ALL SECTORS ON A DISK
5 'IF IT ENDS WITH AN I/O ERROR
6 'THE LAST TRACK/SECTOR DISPLAY
7 'IS NOT READABLE
8 '
10 PCLEAR 1: CLEAR 8000: DR=0 ' DR
64K for $99!
We will convert your Radio Shack Color Computer to a full 64K tor only
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lor 32K upgrade.) Board models D. E and F — No matter what ROM you
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to access the entire 64K. with special software and instructions on use of
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Listing 4:
1 'LISTING #4
2 '
3 'THIS PROGRAM IS USED TO
4 'MAKE A LOGICAL BACKUP
5 'USING ONLY DRIVE 0
6 '
10 PCLEAR 1: CLEAR 2000: DIM F*<72
):DR=0 'DR IS DRIVE NUMBER
30 N=l:FOR S=3 TO 11
40 DSKI* DR, 17, S, A*, B*: A*=A*+LEF
T*(B*, 127) :FOR J=0 TO 7
50 F*(N)=MID*(A*, J*32+l, 16) : IF L
EFT* <F* <N) , 1 ) =CHR* (255) THEN N=N
-l:GOTO 61
60 N=N+l:NEXT J,S
61 'BUBBLE SORT CAN GO HERE
70 FOR M=l TO N:IF LEFT* (F* (M) , 1
>=CHR*(0) THEN 100
80 W*=LEFT*(F*(M) , 8) +"/ "+MID* (F*
(M) ,9,3) :PRINT W*:COPY W*
90 IF M<N THEN PRINT: PRINT" INSER
T SOURCE DISKETTE AND" : INPUT "PRE
SS ENTER" ;C*
100 NEXT M
156 the RAINBOW
July 1983
SPECTRUM SPECIALS
Rompak w/Blank PC Board $9.95
The Spectrum Remote Reset $ 1 2.95
The Colorcade w/Rapid Fire $ 1 9.95
Video Plus - Superb Video Interface $24.95
16/32K Upgrade Kit - Lowest price..$25.95
Wico Red Ball Joystick .$34.95
The Spectrum Joystick $39.95
Wico Analog Joystick $49.95
Super - Pro Keyboard $69.95
Botek Printer Interface .$69.95
Convert Modem to Auto - Answer $99.95
Amdek Twin 3" Drive System $599
CALL 212-441-2807 SPECTRUM PROJECTS
ALL ORDERS PLUS $3.00 S/H 93-15 86th DRIVE
N.Y. RESIDENTS ADD SALES TAX WOODHAVEN, N.Y. 11421
GRAFPLOT: A Versatile
Sophisticated Data Handler
How many of you have broken your sweet embrace with
CoCo lately to maybe just lean back on an elbow and really
take note of what's happening with our Color Computer? 1
mean, have you really noticed what's going on around you?
Have you noticed the ever increasing amount of software
available these days? Or is it happening so fast that the pace
is just too swift to keep up with?
Consider that just a year ago the cupboard was woefully
bare and comparable power cost almost three times as
much, and your basic unit was a 4K machine.
Consider that when you finished your journey through
the accompanying manuals and went out shopping in search
of software, almost all you could find were a few game
cartridges. Foggy memories? Then pull out some of your
back issues of the Rainbow and check out the advertising.
Now compare that with today's level of third party software
and hardware advertising for our Color Computer. Notice
anything significant? Sure the quantity has increased almost
immeasurably, but look at the quality and diversity!
We're seeing more and more utilities and serious applica-
tions programs (now being called "personal productivity
software" by some) almost every week. Programs which
really allow you to tap CoCo's latent potential as a true
computer — even within the small business.
POWER LINE PROBLEMS?
SPIKE-SPIKER® ...THE SOLUTION!
Protects, organizes, controls computers & sensitive, high tech electronic
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duce costly equipment downtime. Filter models attenuate conducted
RF interference. 120V, 15 Amps. Other models available. Ask for free
literature for detailed specs. Call your order in today!
i - - ■
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DELUXE POWER CONSOLE
$79.95
Transient absorber, dual 5-stage filter. 8 individually
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Transient absorber. Dual 3-stage filter. 4 sockets, lite.
QUAD I $49.95
Transient absorber, 4 sockets, lite.
MINI II $44.95
Transient absorber, 3-stage filter, 2 sockets, lite.
MINI I $34.95
Transient absorber, 2 sockets, lite.
m m
Use your credit cord or send check 8. we pay the shipping.
215-837-0700
6584 Ruch Rd. , Dept.RB Ovt of state, order toll free
Bethlehem, PA 18017 800-523-9685 • TWX 5 1 0-651 -2101
PA Res. odd 6% sole* lax • lor COD odd S3. 00 + shipping • dealers inviled
Take for example this brand new product that came
across my desk for review just recently. GRAFPLOT is its
name, a general graphing program. Written in open BASIC,
it's described as being capable of turning your Color Com-
puter "into a sophisticated data plotter, producing profes-
sional quality graphs of any type of X-Y data" and promises
that you'll never have to mess around with pencil, graph
paper and ruler again. And 1 thought it was another pro-
gram designed to print text on the graphics page before 1
cracked the manual!
GRAFPLOT is an applications program which will find
itself equally useful in the home and office Color
Computer — although probably more so in the latter case.
And that, although not revolutionary, is progress, my
friend!
So what's so great about this product? After all, you can
learn how to make graphs from the computer manuals. But 1
guarantee you won't be able to do it nearly as well and with
the diversity that GRA FPL OT offers. 1 know there's a new
product out from the Fort Worth folks, but it's ROMpak
based, isn't it? I find those cartridge programs so limiting for
some reason.
GR A FPL OT comes in two versions: a cassette version for
16K machines; and a disk version for 32K machines. For the
cassette version, you'll need a minimum of 16K with
Extended Color BASIC and, naturally, a good cassette
recorder. For the disk version you need 32K Disk Extended
Color BAS 1C with one or more drives. Optional equipment
requirements to get hardcopy printouts of your graphs are
listed as a Line Printer Vll or DMP-100 and the Radio
Shack screenprint program. (There is a section in the man-
ual on how to interface other screenprint routines and print-
ers with GRAFPLOT.)
Well, 1 found and blew the dust off my long unused copy
of the screenprint program with a sigh of relief. But since
changing over to the faster, smarter and much neater Oki-
data 82A, I had passed my LP Vll along to my computer
engineering daughter. All I could do was cross my toes in
hopes of discovering that the Oki' would work out. (It went
crazy when I tried to get a screen print!)
After carefully reading through the documentation's 34
pages, it was time to tackle the program. Unfortunately, 1
couldn't think of anything I wanted to plot out on a graph at
the time! Wouldn't you know it? Well, anyway, the manual
includes an extensive tutorial section with a set of basicdata
provided to permit you to initiate a number of graphs and
even includes printouts of what they should look like. Why
not use these data, 1 said to myself.
Following the manual's instructions to clear the machine
forall available memory (aimed at the 1 6K user), 1 loaded in
the first cassette program and started following the step by
step tutorial. Once 1 had entered the data and checked it, 1
simply called for the graph to be drawn on the high resolu-
tion screen. I was both surprised and pleased at the results.
Looking good, CoCo! The screen presentation, using
PMODE 4, was clear and very crisp indeed. Eventhoughthe
steps taken to get thatdisplay were at first kind of confusing,
1 quickly got used to it, thanks to the meticulous "handhold-
ing" documentation.
After discovering that the Okidata 82A wouldn't respond
to the screenprint program (1 should have known better), 1
"borrowed" and hooked up the LP Vll and soon produced
my first hardcopy printout. The image produced by the LP
Vll left much to be desired in my opinion: too small (3"h x
4'/i ,, w) and kind of jagged. Maybe the latter is a result of a
158 the RAINBOW July 1983
BASIC AID
AT LAST! Help for the BASIC programmer. BASIC AID isan indespensable addition tothe Color
Computer. It will save you valuable time and effort. If you write or modify BASIC programs
you need BASIC AID.
You get 43 Common BASIC commands available as single Control Key inputs. Greatly
speeds up program entry.
A powerful feature is the ability to redefine any or all of the keys to your own specifications
PLUS you get invaluable features such as a MERGE command, Move Line command and
Automatic Line Numbering
MERGE— Insert programs stored on
cassette into your Basic program.
You can even assign new line
numbers to the program you read
in. Great for creating your own
tape library.
MOVE— Lets you move and renumber any
part of your Basic program. GOTOs
and GOSUBs are automatically
changed.
Redefine any or all keys! Put in your most
frequently used commands. Then save
them to tape for use another time.
"An excellent program
and fine utility " -
-RAINBOW review,
August, 1982, Page 27
MERGE
1
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ON/OFF
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RUN CLEAR
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AUOI0 CSAVI cload
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PRINT MEM
BASIC AID
IM
All of this in a convenient ROM cartridge which is available instantly on power-up. And, it
uses almost none of your valuable memory Comes with a convenient easy to remove,
plastic keyboard overlay.
BASIC AID CARTRIDGE
Disk Basic Aid $49.95
'Full Screen Editing
# Cross Reference
"Automatic Line Numbering
"Automatic Key Repeat
*2 Key Entry of Basic Keywords
"User Definable Keys
"Label Support-
$34.95
Add $3 Shipping and Handling
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93- 1 5 66th DRIVE (2 1 2) 44 1 -2607 (VOICE)
WOODHAVEN. N Y. 1 1421 (212) 441-3755 (DATA)
RAINBOW
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CHECK OUT OUR COLOR BBS' AT (21 2) 44 i -3755 & 441-3766
much-used printer head, though. I found the first prints
coming out in white on black. Remembering that I could
POKE value 255 into memory location 16303, I soon
changed that to a black on white printout. (The disk version
takes care of this for you by modifying the screenprint
program and relocating it to high memory.
One last word about the cassette version and we'll move
on. Because G RA FPLOT itself consists of two programs,
you'll find yourself shuffling back and forth among three
cassettes: the program tape, screenprint, and a data tape.
You might get a bit confused at first, but it'll wear off soon,
especially if you keep your work area clean and neatly
organized.
The disk version is much easier to use. After the long
process of backing up the master disk's two programs and
then bringingthe main program up, you're asked if you have
a copy of the modified screenprint program on the disk. No?
Then load the screenprint program into memory from
cassette and within a few seconds it's modified (including
getting rid of the shift/ up arrow), moved to high memory
and on your disk ready to work! You're advised to then
make a new backup working copy of your backup.
Both versions employ extensive error trapping to guard
against your bombing the program and losing your data to
boot. One method used very effectively is Automatic
Prompting to lead you through all of the steps necessary to
enter, set up and draw a graph. You're urged to use this
option every time.
I mentioned earlier that I was hard-pressed to come up
with a set of statistics of my own to graph out. But suppose
you're more creative than I. Just what kind of data will
^ —
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Instrument
Simulator
Variable control sensitivity for
beginner or expert. Navigate a
new course each flight or do
aerobatics. Instrument takeoff s
and landings. Get yours now to
be elgible for future low cost
upgrades. Specify 16K or 32K.
Tape $19.95 Disk $21.95
LPVII/DMPIOO Descenders
Its as if your printer had built
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forget its there. The lowercase
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16K/32K Tape or Disk $14.95
Add $1.00 Shipping on all orders.
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P O Box 41395
St Petersburg, Fl 33743
GRAFPLOT handle? Its author suggests the following
applications:
Personal:
*budgets and actual expenses versus time (days, weeks,
months, or years)
Children's growth curves (height and weight versus time)
*tax bracket versus income
*stock and investment performance versus time or interest
rate
Business:
*sales charts
*marginal cost and marginal profit versus units produced
*total cost and revenue versus time
*performance forecasts or production, investments, et
cetera
Statistics:
*scatter plotting of raw data
*plotting of data versus regression curves
*evaluation of integrals of complex equations
Scientific and Engineering
*experimental results plotting
*removal of noise from data
*data extrapolation to new experimental conditions
*evaluation of certain quantities by calculating the area
under a curve. (I'd never have thought of that one! I'm
usually behind the curve.)
If you can think of unique applications, you can even
define your own functions with the manual and program
leading you along.
Suppose you've already got some files with data you'd like
graph plotted. Can you integrate them directly into GRAF-
PLOT? Yes, with reservations. "GRA FPLOTcan read data
from any tape or disk file that has the proper data structure."
What that means is that you must use the GRAFPLOT
format in recording your data. There's a section in the
manual suggesting how you can achieve this compatibility.
The documentation — let's call it a manual — isn't too
badly put together. 1 was a little skeptical from the start
about its print format of very closely spaced typewritten
lines. It just seems a bit too crowded to my eyes. Maybe I'm
mellowing, though, because I soon found myself able to
wade through it and make some sense out of the format. It's
"chock-full-'o'-nuts" to make G RA FPLOT easy to use.
Here are the basic questions (with short answers) I asked
myself after running through the program several times and
getting a good feel for it:
Overall impression? — (Very impressed)
Probable market? — (Small, small business and the natu-
rally inquisitive)
Easy to use? — (Very, if you follow the manual)
Would 1 buy it? — (Maybe)
Do I recommend it? — (Yes, to anyone with such a need)
I'm very impressed with GRAFPLOT, even though it
doesn't produce pie — or bargraphs. One last thing: because
it uses high resolution's PMODE 4, don't expect to see
dazzling colors on the screen. And if you're going to use the
hardcopy printouts in business, you might want to enlarge
them a bit photographically first. Whether these are short-
comings or not depends on your intended applications^
(Hawkes Research Services, 1442 Sixth Street, Berkeley, CA
94710, $35 cassette, $45 tape)
— Ed Lowe
160 the RAINBOW July 1983
THE
"Recommend to
anyone who enjoys
gameson his CoCo."
RAINBOWReview,
March 1983
STICK INTERFACE
*
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
***********************************
tt "BREAKING ALL
* SALES RECORDS"
# Bob Rosen
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
#
#
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
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*
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*
#
*
*
*
#
*
*
*
*
#
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
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*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
%1# %t# %1# %t# %t# %t# %t# %i# %t# %t# MM
•'y*
Now you can
hookup two Atari type
joysticks to your Color Computer
or TDP SystemlOO for only $19.95
$39.95 -The Interface with two Atari* joysticks
^ Interface made by WICQ. Atari is
a registered trademark of Atari, Inc.
*
YES!
NAME
ADDRESS
PLEASE SEND:
( ) INTERFACES... $19.95
( ) STICK/INTERFACE SETs... $39.95
all orders plus $3 shipping
CITY,STATE,ZIP
N.Y. residents add sales tax
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93-15 86th DRIVE
WOODHAVEN, NY 11421
212 441 -2807
******************************************
*
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*
from SPECTRUM PROJECTS
I. iililllii I 11 11 'I III
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■ 1 I I t 1 I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I ITT
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ASSEMBLER AND DEBUGGER
•* CCEAD is a high quality program and
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DEALER/CLUB INQUIRIES WELCOME
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Nanos System Reference Card _
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0>16 66th DRIVE
WOOO HAVEN, N.V. 1 1421
(212) 441-2807 (VOICE)
(21 2) 441-3756 (DATA)
DEALER/CLUB INQUIRIES WELCOME
New York State Residents add appropriate taxes
Hi
1
■ ' ■•
h n
, To fiv n„, ^fee-
YOU'VE BEEN READING ABOUT
the "new" Color Computers on these
pages for some time — now we're going
to tell you something about one of
them.
Yes, it is available. It is called the
MC-IO and has the now-familiar CoCo
logo of red, green and blue rectangles on
its white cover (see the picture on this
page). Not only is the "PoCo CoCo"
(poco means small in Spanish) available
now, but it is available for $119.95.
That's a very competitive price and
when we tell you more about it, you'll
see that it looks like the peopleat Radio
Shack have come up with another winner.
From the standpoint of the CoCo
Community, the advent of theTRS-80
MC-10 means that there will be a whole
lot of people joining us! Here's an ideal
"first" computer at a "first computer
price/' And, while the initial version
comes with just 4K, there is reference to
greater memory availability and some
interesting possibilities for expansion.
The instructionsetfor PoCo CoCo is
something of a mixture of Color BASIC
and Extended Color BASIC. And while
there are no high-res commands, it
seems obvious that high resolution gra-
phics will be possible with machine lan-
guage programs.
PoCo CoCo arrived here just as we
were on deadline, so there may be
number of details we will be forced to
leave out of this first look-see. But, Dan
Downard, our technical editor, promises
a full run-down on PoCo CoCo for next
month.
In the meantime, here are some first
impressions:
The MC-10 has all the string functions
available for CoCo, many of the trig
operations (like COSine and SINe) and
a good amount of other good ies such as
RND, ABS, CHR$ and the like. It also
has PEEK and POKE, which the non-
Extended BASIC CoCo did not origi-
nally have.
Along the same vein, italso has multi-
dimension array capabilities, which were
not included with non-Extended. And,
surprise, il sends information lo the
printer by LPR1NT — not PRINT #-2,
as does CoCo. This may cause some
compatibility problems, but shouldn't
be too serious.
Then there's somethingnew: CLOAD*
and CSAVE*. These two commands
allow you to save and load arrays to
tape without affecting the rest of the
program. A nice addition!
Also obviously different is the key-
board, which sports automatic key-in of
BASIC keywords by using a "control"
key. Also, the block graphic symbols
can be accessed directly from the key-
board.
PoCo CoCo uses a Motorola 6803
microprocessor. This is in the same
"family" as CoCo's 6809, but it is not
exactly the same. It does use the same
P1A chip, so the display looks virtually
the same as does its big brother's. All the
chips we saw were soldered to the mother-
board inside — meaning no sockets
as with CoCo. What there is, though, is
an "expansion edge card slot" in the
back. The manual says this is for extra
memory, but Joe Bennett of JARB
Software/ Hardware says he believes all
the address busses come out through
this port — which means a lot of things
could be added there.
We have to wonder whether they will
be, though. We see PoCo CoCo as an
ideal beginner's machine that will help a
person "graduate" to either CoCo or the
"Super CoCo" that rumors say will be
introduced by Radio Shack some time
in the future. In fact, if you read the
Pipeline last month, you would have
seen reference to the computer we are
now describing and to the "Super
CoCo" we're talking about now.
Also, PoCo CoCo has a full-blown
RS-232 serial port and the standard
cassette port. It, like CoCo, can run on
eitherchannel 3 or4 and doescome with
the TV connection box (and appro-
priate cable) at no extra charge.
At first blush, PoCo CoCo looks to
be very similar, technical-wise, to
CoCo. The text screen starts at a dif-
ferent place and the top of BASIC is
located at a different place in memory.
But, these are about the same, so there
will have to be some more experi-
menting before we can be sure whether
programs will run "as-is."
There are some differences inthe I/O
routines, too. Forinstance, PoCo CoCo
does not appear to use the remote con-
trol for the tape recorder motor. Also,
there may be some differences in BASIC
tokens — but programs typed in will
run the same. New tapes may have to be
made to handle programs on that
medium. Stay tuned.
All i n all, we feel it very reasonable to
say that PoCo CoCo is a good addition
to the Color Computer family. We
believe it will interest thousands and
thousands of people in computing —
and at a price more attractive than
CoCo itself. Once these people get their
feet wet in computing, the natural "up-
grade" will be to CoCo (or "Super
CoCo").
In comparing PoCo CoCo to the
other computers in its price range, it
definitely comes out far ahead. While
Motorola's 6803 is not quite as spiffy as
6809, it is a fine step up from what other
low end computers are using. Too, the
command set is excellent and the variety
of applications seems to be good. And,
wedo hear a memory upgrade will beon
its way soon.
164 the RAINBOW July 1983
Spectrum Projects
Your TDP100 Dealer
Trims Down Prices!
64KTDP100 : : Line Printer I
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Color Drive : : DC Modem I
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CALL 212-441-2807 SPECTRUM PROJECTS
all orders plus $3.00 S/H 93-15 86th DRIVE
N.Y. residents add sales tax WOODHAVEN, NY 11421
LAST CHANCE AT THESE LOW PRICES
DAT AM AIL Flexible, Needs
Slight U.S. Modification
Oh #$0#%$0l What did I do with that address? Fret no
more. Your answer lies in CoCo. That is, of course, if you
have DATA MAIL.
Upon getting DA TAMAILto review, I quickly leafed through
the short documentation and CLOADed the tape. When
CoCo gave methe proverbial OK I simply entered RUN and
was greeted with a complete menu which clearly depicted
what this program would do for me. A very nice touch.
DA TA MA IL allows you to save complete addresses, eas-
ily edit them as required, and print them using any of three
selectable formats. Name, address, and phone numbers are
stored. You can find addresses automatically by typing in a
name or semi-automatically using an up/ down scan feature.
To use DATA MAIL you need the renowned CoCo 16K
Extended, a cassette to save your addresses, and a printer is
not necessary (you can use the screen listing) but awfully
handy.
DA TA MAIL is flexible. You can print part of the list, all
of the list, a certain address, customize in which you can
select which part of an address you want printed, and it has a
label feature so you can print labels. For the latter, my better
"half has great plans. I imagine CoCo will be completely
exhausted as we mail out our Christmas cards.
A little more about flexibility. DA TAMA IL is written in
BASIC which makes it easy to modify. If you have read my
previous reviews you already know I am verybigon custom-
izing any programs I buy and if they are in BASIC, it's that
much easier.
DA T AM AIL is fast enough to work on my printer and
should suit anybody's full speed ahead requests. The only
disadvantage I found was we hackers have to key in the
addresses (but, we only have to do it once). Come on, you
elusive voice recognition software people, get to work. Our
tired digits need you!
One of the two changes I could suggest for DA TAMA IL
is a different program for people who live in the United
States. They do, in their documentation, tell you how to
change the program and it is a very small change. You see,
DATAMAIL comes from a Canadian company and Can-
ada does not have states or zip codes. They have provinces
and postal codes. These two changes are easily made and
saved in your customized version of the program. The
second change would be an option to print multiple copies
of one address for labels. I make my own return address
labels and printing them one at a time is a waste of time and
energy.
The bottom line must always be — should you buy it? Let
us try a short program to give us the answer (be forewarned,
you may get a syntax error).
10 IF you would like to maintain a mailing list AND
need the flexibility DATAMAIL allows THEN
GOSUB to the parenthetical data and let
PRICE=$14.95 ELSE GOTO 40.
20 IF you can afford PRICE then GOTO 30 ELSE
GOTO 40.
30 GOTO the advertisement and order DATAMAIL.
40 END: REM Whatever your decision I leave it
exclusively in your hands.
(THE DATAMAN, Box 431, Sta. B, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada L8L 7W2, $14.95)
—Herbert B. Ridge
All CDlDr So
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Florida residents add 57. sales tax.
NotesCustom Joysticks still available.
166
the RAINBOW July 1983
Fraction Math Quiz
Has Multiple Defects
Computer owners who are actively involved in education,
whether as teachers or parents, seek software which will
enhance and extend classroom activities. All too often the
"educational programs"are meredrills, which do not utilize
the computer's capabilities.
Fraction Math Quiz is another drill program. It presents a
menu of choices for seven fraction operations, including
fractions to decimals, at five levels of difficulty for each
operation. The answers are given in multiple choice format,
(which is the best feature of the program) for many students
are able to work problems exactly, yet fail to see that some-
thing like 13/16 is approximately 3/4. This program pro-
vides plenty of practice in "smart guessing," partially
intended by the author, but also because the levels of diffi-
culty are not properly thought out. For example, in doing
addition, Level 1 consists of problems which share a com-
mon denominator, yet Level 11, where the denominators
should be in the range of 2 to 6, presents problems of the type
4/9 + 11/14. Because the program is written in BASIC it
would be easy to change so that the difficulty levels corres-
pond to actual classroom practice.
The menu contains an eighth choice, "Play Starship
Commander." That sounds enticing, doesn't it? Who, on
loading in the program, would make any other choice?
Unfortunately, when this option is selected, a message
appears saying you are in the galaxy and must return to your
home planet withouttheaid of your computer, and will have
to calculate the course yourself. You are then returned to the
original menu. So sure was 1 that the author had inadvert-
ently omitted the game that 1 called to check. I am sorry to
say that this message and the return to the menu for the
review constitutes the intended diversion. It is against all
principles of education to raise someone's hopes for a
reward, and then not deliver. This leads me to believe that
the program was not child tested before release. My testers
(ages 9 to adult) suggest that the whole drill be made into a
starship game. The present scoreboard which shows the
number right on the first try could be retained.
Unfortunately, the program as it stands is only a drill. No
child of my acquaintance has the motivation, persistence,
and patience to sit at the computer and perform such drills
when the only reward is a simpie "Right on, Alfred" for a
correct response. In our house, the children were willing to
go through the program only because they knew they were
participating in a review, and could make suggestions for
improvement.
Should you need a drill program for your child, and find
the multiple choice format desirable, you should provide the
motivation and reward which the program lacks. You could
merge a game into it, as the program occupies less than 8K,
and this game could be played after a certain number of
correct responses and then return from the gametothedrill.
For a high school student or adult who is already highly
motivated to improve basic fraction skills, and for whomthe
improvement would be sufficient reward, the advanced lev-
els are a real challenge and definitely improve the ability to
approximate answers.
(Creative Technical Consultants, P.O. Box 652, Cedar
Crest, NM 87008, $14.95 including s/h)
— Carol Kueppers
ARE YOUR WALKING FINGERS GETTING FOOTSORE ?
Tired of typing in those long, but wonderful, programs from each issue of the RAINBOW? Now, you can get RAINBOW ON TAPE and give
those tired fingers a rest. With RAINBOW ON TAPE, you'll be able to spend your time enjoying programs instead of just typing... typing ...typing
them! All you need to do ever again is pop a RAINBOW ON TAPE cassette into your recorder, CLOAD and RUN any one you want.
RAINBOW ON TAPE is available as a single issue for $6.50 or on a yearly subscription basis for only $60. It is the perfect complement for the
RAINBOW itself.
VISA, MasterCard and American Express accepted. All subscriptions begin with the current issue and back issues are available
beginning with April, 1982. Subscriptions are sent first class mail to coincide with the arrival of your current issue of the RAINBOW.
Now . . .
The Best Color Computer Magazine
Offers The Best Tape Service
Think of it! Not 10 or a dozen— but between 20 and 30— programs every month from
Rainbow On Tape. All the really good programs from the Rainbow! All the long ones ... so
you don't have to type them in. Just CLOAD and RUN!
ORDER RAINBOW ON TAPE TODAY!
HANDY ORDER CARD BETWEEN PAGES 34 and 35
July 1983 theRAINBOW 167
By Don Inman
Rainbow Contributing Editor
A 1
point located on a circle can be referenced in terms
of Cartesian coordinates (X,Y) or by Polar coordinates
R, ANG). Since most microcomputersscreen displays
radius
angle
are described in Cartesian coordinates (even though the Y
axis is upside-down from the normal notation), a few
conversions are necessary whenyou wish to use Polar coordi-
nates.
ANGR = ANGD/57. 295779
in radians in degrees
X = R*COS(ANGR)
Y = R*SIN(ANGR)
For those who are rusty in mathematics, a radian measure
is the ratio of the arc that the angle subtends to the radius of
the circle in which it is the central angle.
arc
radius
or
a
R
If the arc length (a) equals the
radius (R), the angle measure is one
radian.
I radian is approximately equal to
57.295779 degrees
2n radians = 3t>0 degrees
If you know the radius of a circle and a given central
angle, the X and Y Cartesian coordinate locations of a point
(P), relative to the circle's center, can be calculated with the
conversion formulas given above.
P(\,Y)ot P(R.ANG)
The Color Computer has a wonderful BASIC statement,
CIRCLE, that takes all the work out of plotting a circle. The
C/^CLi: statement can even be modified for height to width
ratio (a circle's eccentricity) to produce an ellipse. In this
article, we will analyze the circle in order to find out how we
can produce more complex curves.
A circle can be thought of as a series of connected straight
lines of the same length. At each end of the straight lines is a
point. These points are determined by the radius of the circle
and the size of the angle used to divide the circle (the central
angle). For example, look at a circle with radius R and ANG
= 30 degrees.
A simple FOR-N EXT loop can be used to calculate the
X,Y coordinates for the end points.
FOR ANG = 0 TO 360 STEP INC
X = R*COS(ANG) : Y = R*SIN(ANG)
NEXT ANG
Of course, the X and Y values must be adjusted for the
distance of the circle's center from the origin of the axes on
which they are plotted. The Y value must be corrected for
the computer's Y orientation.
P(X,Y)
u
4
^Nang
>
Y
(0,0)
ix
! Y
= R*COS(ANG)+XCEN 1
= 180 - (R*COS(ANG)+YCEN)
XCEN
-^z *~
168
the RAINBOW July 1983
Our program will be general enough to provide for plot-
ting arcs (sections of circles) as well as complete circles. The
parameters used in the program are:
XCEN — X coord inate of the circle's center
YCEN = Y coordinate of the circle's center
R = radius of the circle
SAN = starting angle (in degrees)
EAN = ending angle (in degrees)
INC = angle increment (in degrees)
The main program accepts the inputs, defines the parame-
ters, sets up the graphics screen, calls the plotting subrou-
tine, and provides INKEYS statements for terminating the
graphics screen when desired.
Here are screen dumps made from several runs of the
CIRCLE program.
RESULTS
The listing:
ii
100 REM »* CIRCLES AND ARCS **
110 '
120 REM ** INPUTS #*
130 CLS
140 INPUT "STARTING ANGLE (DEG)
;san
150 INPUT "ENDING ANGLE <DEG)";E
AN
160
170
180
190 '
199 REM ## SET GRAPHICS ##
200 ! 4, 1
210 ! 1
! 1,0
! 0, 1
I
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
" I NCREMENT (DEG) " j INC
"RADIUS" ;R
"CENTER X , Y " ; X CEN , YCEN
REM ## CONVERT AND GO PLOT *
230
240
299
*
300 PL-INC/57. 295779
310 EAN=EAN- I NC
320 ! (0, 180) -(250, 180) , !
330 ! (0, 180) -(0,0) , !
340 GOSUB 2000
399 REM »* HOLD IMAGE **
400 A»-""
410 A*»INKEY*: IF A*="" THEN 410
ELSE 130
420 END
430 '
1990 REM ** CALCULATE AND PLOT *
*
2000 FOR N-SAN TO EAN STEP INC
2010 ANG=N/57. 295779
2020 X=R»! (ANG)+XCEN
2030 Y=180-(R*SIN(ANG)+YCEN)*.B
2040 XX=R»! (ANG+PL) +XCEN
2050 YY= 1 80- ( R»S I N ( ANG+PL ) +YCEN )
*.8
2060 ! (X, Y)— (XX, YY) , !
2070 NEXT N
2080 RETURN
INPUTS
SAN = 0
EAN = 360
INC = 60
R =30
X,Y = 128,96
SAN =0
EAN = 360
INC = 30
R =30
X,Y = 64,45
SAN = 0
EAN = 270
INC = 15
R = 40
X,Y = 192,135
SAN =90
EAN = 180
INC = 15
R = 40
X,Y = 64,135
July 1963 the RAINBOW 169
f UTILITIES AND GAMES
f FOR THE
COLOR COMPUTER
' BACKUP $9.95
Speed up disk backups, helps to recover
crashed disks. Bypass I/O errors and fix
many disk problems.
CATALOG $9.95
An automatic disk file cataloging system.
File the directories of your disks.
COPYTAPE $9.95
Copy, merge, and backup your tape based
software. Works even with most popular
pre-loader tapes.
CZAP $9.95
A disk inspect and modify routine. Learn
how disks work, fix problems on your
disks.
CCRPM $12.95
A disk drive speed checking routine.
Displays on your screen the current,
average, high, and low speeds of your
drive. Complete with instructions for
correcting the speed of your disk drive.
NEATDIR $6.95
I Places the file names of your disk
directory into alphabetical order. Makes
finding programs on your disks easy.
Keeps, your disks in order.
OFFLOAD $9.95
I Create tape backups of your disks. A disk
to tape, tape to disk backup system.
ONERR $12.95
An error handler for BASIC programs.
Allows your program to receive control
whenever any error occurs. Take control
and fix your problems.
TAPEDIR $9.95
Create a directory of your tapes. Lists
program name, length of program, start,
end, and transfer addresses for all
programs on your tapes.
TAPELIB $12.95
A BASIC tape subroutine append routine
and a starter library of 5 subroutines.
Create your own subroutine library on
tape to append to your programs.
1 TAPEXFER $9.95
Load your tape programs to disk auto-
matically. Great for Chromassette sub-
scribers, automatically loads an entire
issue to disk.
TREK80C $14.95
The classic Star Trek computer game. A
real time game with moving Klingons and
action graphics.
Please add $1.00 shipping and handling
on all orders. Pa. residents add 6% sales
tax. Canada orders must be paid in
American funds. No COD or charge cards,
send check or money order only to:
A.M. HEARN SOFTWARE
602 S. 48th Street
Philadelphia, Pa. 19143
Write for a free catalog of these and other
products.
. Dealer inquiries invited.
170 the RAINBOW July 1983
When I made the screen dumps to my printer, the draw-
ings were stretched in the X direction. The program includes
a factor of 0.8 to correct for the way the screen stretches
things in the Y direction. Therefore, I have found it conve-
nient to include stretch factors as inputs for both X and Y.
Then 1 can control whether I want a good appearance on the
screen or on the screen dump. The variables XST and YST
are used. For a normal appearance on the video screen, 1 use
XST = 1, YST = 0.8. For a good appearance from the
printer, I use XST = 0.8, YST = 1 .
The inputs are added to the input section of the CIRCLE
program.
183 INPUT "Y-STRETCH"; XST
186 INPUT "Y-STRETCH"; YST
Lines 2020 through 2050 are changed to:
2020 X=(R*COS(ANG)+XCEN)*XST
2030 Y=180-(R*SIN(ANG)+YCEN)*YST
2040 XX=(R*COS(ANG+PL)+XCEN)*XST
2050 YY=180-(R*SIN(ANG+PL)+YCEN)*YST
These optional inputs allow you to stretch the circle in
both directions so that it is quite easy to draw an ellipse of
your choice.
Typical Screen Dumps
INPUTS for all three dumps:
SAN = 0
EAN = 360
/ \ INC = 15
J \ R = 40
\ \ X,Y = 128,96
XST= .8
YST = I
XST = 1
YST = .5
XST = .5
YST = 1
REALISTIC ACTION FEATURING--- Bank Shots, Combinations, Engish on
the Cue Ball.can be played by 1 or 2 players. Ask your friend to chalk up,
the action is fast. Now at your Software Dealer, if not have them call
ANTECO 4220 Clay Ave. ANTECO
Fort Worth, Texas 76117 division of
1 - 80 0 - 433 - 7631 Antenna Electronics Co.
, The program WIDGET shows an application of the sub-
routine used in the CIRCLE prograrrt. Suppose you want to
generate a computer drawing of a widget which will eventu-
ally be machined* stamped, or produced in some other way.
You can use the subroutine in CIRCLE but re-write the
main program. Our widget will look like this.
i
Y
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CIRCLE 4
CIRCLE 1
CIRCLE 2
CIRCLE 3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220
x
You can see that there are four circles and five arcs to
\ draw. WIDGET draws the arcs first, then the circles, and
finally the straight lines. Try WIDGET. Then change the
main program to draw the design of your choice.
WIDGET is divided into four modules:
1 ) The SCREEN module clears the text screen. It then sets
up PMODE4 with a green background and black fore-
ground. It also draws the X,Y axes:
2) The DRA Wmodule uses a FOR-NEXT\oop to read in
. the data necessary to draw the arcs and circles. It calls the
CALCULATE AND PLOT subroutine to do the drawing.
After all arcs and circles have been drawn, the straight line
portions of the drawing are made. The DATA is then res-
tored, and IN KEYS waits for a re-run if desired.
. 3) The DA TA module contains the starting angle (SAN),
ending angle (E AN), angle increment (INC), radius (R), and
the X,Y coordinates of the center of the circle (XCEN and
YCEN).
4) The CALCULATE AND PLOT module is the same
subroutine used in the first CIRCLE program.
The listing:
100 REM ** CIRCLES AND ARCS **
110 '
120 REM ** INPUTS **
130 CLS
140 INPUT "STARTING ANGLE (DEG) "
J SAN
150 INPUT "ENDING ANGLE (DEG) 11 ; E
AN
160 INPUT "INCREMENT (DEG) " ; INC
170 INPUT "RADIUS" ;R
180 INPUT "CENTER X, Y" ; XCEN, YCEN
AUDIO AND VIDEO
INTERFACE
Provides SWITCHED color or monochrome 75ohm, 1 volt p-p video from CoCo.
If you wish to use a high resolution monitor this interface is a must.
Separate enhancements are provided for color and monchrome outputs.
This is not a simple emitter-follower add-on.
'UNIT DOES NOT REQUIRE SOLDERING
'INTERFACE IS ASSEMBLED AND TESTED
*400mw AUDIO @ 8 ohms
TWO YEAR WARRANTY
Price $49.95 (Includes Shipping) FREELAND ENG. 7503 N. Kerby, Portland, OR 97217
172 theRAINBOW July 1983
mm
Having trouble getting a copy t)f Color Computer News at your newsstand?
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183 INPUT 11 X— STRETCH" ? XST
186 INPUT "Y-STRETCH"; YST
190 *
199 REM ** SET GRAPHICS **
200 PMODE 4, 1
210 PCLS1
220 SCREEN 1,0
230 COLOR 0, 1
240 *
299 REM ** CONVERT AND GO PLOT *
*■
300 PL=INC/57. 295779
303 XCEN=XCEN/XST
306 YCEN=YCEN/YST
310 EAN=EAN-INC
320 LINE(0, 180)-(250, 180) , PSET
330 LINE (0, 180) -(0,0) , PSET
340 GOSUB 2000
399 REM -** HOLD IMAGE **
400 A*=" "
410 A*=INKEY*I IF A*=" 11 THEN 410
ELSE 130
420 END
430 *
1990 REM ** CALCULATE AND PLOT *
*■
2000 FOR N=SAN TO EAN STEP INC
2010 ANG=N/57. 295779
2020 X= ( R*COS ( ANG ) +XCEN ) *XST
2030 Y=180-<R*SIN<ANG) +YCEN) *YST
2040 XX=<R*COS<ANG+PL)+XCEN)*XST
2050 YY= 1 80- ( R-k-S I N ( ANG+PL ) + YCEN )
*YST
2060 LINE (X, Y) -(XX, YY) , PSET
2070 NEXT N
2080 RETURN
SCREEN DUMP OF WIDGET
I
i
I
I
I
I
I
t
i r ^ \
I I V v
I
'l
1
100 REM ** WIDGET
110 '
120 REM SCREEN
130 CLS: PMODE 4,1: PCLS 1
140 SCREEN 1,0: COLOR 0,1
150 LINE(0, 180)-<250, 180) , PSET
160 LINE (0, 180) -(0,0) , PSET
170 >
180 REM ** DRAW
190 FOR ARC = 1 TO 9
200 READ SAN, EAN, INC, R, XCEN, YCEN
210 PL = INC/57.295779
220 EAN = EAN- INC
230 GOSUB 2000
240 NEXT ARC
250 DRAW 1 ' BM10, 1 48U32BU24BR30R 160
it
260 DRAW"BD32L50BL60BD48L50"
270 A*= ,,n : RESTORE
280 A*=INKEY$: IF A*= M " THEN 270
ELSE 130
290 END
291 '
299 REM ** DATA **
300 DATA 90,180,15,30,40,80,180,
270, 15,30,40,40
310 DATA 270,360,15,30,90,40,180
,90,-15,30, 150,40
320 DATA 270,450,15,20,200,90,0,
360, 15, 10,40,80
330 DATA 0,360,15,10,90,80,0,360
, 15, 10,65,40
340 DATA 0,360,15,10,200,90
1990 REM ** CALCULATE AND PLOT *
*■
2000 FOR N=SAN TO EAN STEP INC
2010 ANG=N/57- 295779
2020 X=R*COS<ANG)+XCEN
2030 Y=180-<R*SIN<ANG)+YCEN)*.8
2040 XX=R*COS<ANG+PL) +XCEN
2050 YY=180-(R*SIN<ANG+PL)+YCEN)
*. 8
2060 L I NE ( X , Y ) - ( X X , Y Y ) , PSET
2070 NEXT N
2080 RETURN
. ^
Hint . . .
Finding ML Addresses
You can find the addresses of a machine language
program in memory by PEEKing several addresses. Those
addresses are:
To find the start address, use the command PEEK
(487)*256 + PEEK(488)
To find the end address, use the command
PEEK(I26)*256 + PEEK(!27)-I
To find the execute address, use PEEK(J57) * 256 +
PEEK(I58)
With all these commands, you must ask CoCo to PRINT
the addresses as well as work out the formula. A simple way
to do this is add a question mark (?) before each of the
commands.
These commands can be used either in a program or in
direct mode from the keyboard.
174 the RAINBOW July 1983
E DO BASIC BETTER^
Experience High Resolution Graphics
and Speed Unsurpassed in Color
Computer Extended Basic Software
GALLOPING
GAMBLERS
Those who have tried it agree that QALLOPtNQ
GAMBLERS le ao addictive, ao exciting, that you and
your whole family will sit cheering for your horse to
win.
No joysticks are required for this 4 player game. Place
your bets on the variable odds end then wait for the
sound of post llme...and...they're off.
Game Includes color graphics with score and birds-
eye view of the race track. Can you last all twelve
races?
We dare you to try,
$18.95
GATOR ZONE-
Is the first video computer game that takes a "byte"
out of the Preppy crazsl You can finally get even with
those pesty Ivy League snobs by blasting away at a
host of Preppy Gators on their home planet of "Prep-
tune". You have to be quick, or the gators will gob-
ble up your shirts! This Is comic arcade fun at Its beat.
Includes high-resolution graphica, on-screen scoring,
joystick action, and three levels of play.
An 1MB original!
$18.95
STAR SIEGE PLUS-
Olacusted with Space Battle games In which your
space craft looks tlka an asterisk?
STAR S1EQE lets you end your friend (or enemy) pilot
two high resolution space ships whlls trading iaaer
blasts. The first to take ten hits loses, but watch out
for that pesty alien saucerl He wants to see to It that
you both get vaporized.
Also Includes two player TANK TORCH ER game.
$18.95
METEOR STORM-
if you are bored with apace obstacle games that place
you as a distant observer from a point far off In space,
then METEOR STORM Is for you. Enjoy the thrill of
blasting the approaching meteors from the cockpit
of your own spacecraft. Watch ths meteors grow In
size until. . . I
18K Color Extended Required. Includes sound
enhanced laser blasts, multl game scoring, and three
levels of play.
$12.95
SELECT-A-GAME-
combines 3 of IMB's finest bonus games In one sim-
ple loadl You can awltch back and forth from "ALPINE
ALIENS", "OH, GOBI", and "ZELDA'S BAT BOTTLE".
All contain stunning color graphics and high speed
action. Even If you already own one or more of these
games, you will want this fine package.
$18.95
MICRO-MATH
SKILLS QUIZ-
Is a fine math drill for studente at or below the 3rd
grademath level. Includes automatic grade tally, and
INKEYentry with large print, high-resolution graphics.
This Is s must for educators!
$12.95
CREATAVADER-
Now you can design your own "Invader-style" game
for your Color Computer. Includes all the routlnee
needed for customizing the creatures you hate the
most. Full Instructions Included. Create your own
targets or select from a menu of seven predesigned
four color targets.
$18.95
COLOR
WORDCLONE-
Tum your Colon Computer Into a supertypewrlter.
Screen displays 50 characters by 23 lines In real up-
per and lowercase. User modifiable. Remove our
character generator and use It In your own basic pro-
gram. This Is an eaay to use word processor. The
character generator alone is worth the price of the
tape. Works with tapa or disk.
$18.95
KOSMIC KAMIKAZE-
Our best selling high-resolution, deep space arcade
game which the RAINBOW called "...the best
spaceship graphics we have seen In a non-machlns
language program." Baltle high speed alien saucers,
decoy ships, bonus killer crafts and apeedlng comets.
AOVANCEO
STAR*TRENCH
WARFARE-
This High Resolution Color Game has the most
elaborate graphics of any Color Computer Game
created to date. You'll be amazed by the remarkable
speed and flicker-free animation found In this graphic
space challenge. Program Includes a moving trench,
cockpit perspective, on-ecreen rapid scoring, energy
and ship gauges, automatic high score tally, joystick
control, and a recharge and crash sequence you'll
haveto seeto believe. Use your own 3-D glasses and
add an amazing senee of depth to this classic game.
Truly a must for every Color Computer.
$18.95
$18.95
STARBASE ATTACK-
Why be a loser? Here's an arcade gameyou can play
to win. In other spacs city defense gamss you play
until you lose. STARBASE ATTACK Is totally different.
Your mission le to clear a path for the escape vehicles
which will carry your people to safety. Not only that,
but you must also maneuver your own escape before
alien warheads or a wave of killer asteroids level your
dome-covered cltlea. You control high energy laser
blasts and expansion shields, but watch out I You
might end up the one who doesn't escape.
$12.95
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TURN OF THE SCREW
Build AT Adapter
For Your Disk Controller
By Tony DiStefano
Rainbow Contributing Editor
A lot of people have been asking me to explain how
to expand their computer without havingto spend a
lot of money on expansion interfaces, power sup-
plies, and the like. Well, here goes. This is the first ofa series
of expansion projects for the Color Computer. The empha-
sis on these projects will be low cost. They will be geared
toward the experimentalist or the "hacker. "They will satisfy
the person who is tired of playing games and wants to
expand his or her knowledge about hardware by experi-
menting. All of these projects will be done via the Program
Pak connector. A problem arises in trying to experiment
when you have disk drive. Those of you that have disk
drives really don't like to constantly remove the controller
and plug in some experimental board and then replace the
controller. And when it comes to using software, having first
to save the program on cassette(yuk), unplug the controller,
try the software out on the project and then replace the
controller is not a very interesting proposition.
Here is the "Y-er" in use with next months project.
POOR MAN'S
FLOPPY
176
HIGH SPEED CASSETTE SYSTEM
Now for the TRS-80 Color Computer
The JPC PRODUCTS High Speed Cassette System, in operation
for over 4 years, is now available for all versions of the Radio
Shack® Color Computer.
• TC-8C — Plugs directly into the expansion port of your
TRS-80 Color Computer. It is fully compatible with all
versions of the Color Computer from the standard 4K to
the Extended 32K.
• FAST — Twice the speed of the Color Computer System.
• RELIABLE — Less than one error in a million bits.
• SUPPORTS TWO DRIVES — Software selectable.
• ALL FILE TYPES — BASIC, machine language, data.
• MOTOR CONTROL — Two on-board relays.
• EPROM OPERATING SYSTEM
• SPARE EPROM SOCKET — 27 1 4 or 2732 compatible.
• OFriONAL JBUG MONITOR — EPROM or Cassette
• 4809 Assembler • Memory modify and list
• 4809 Dis-assembler • 8reak point traps
• ASSEMBLED and TESTED
TC-8C SI 29.95 JBUG (EPROM) .... $34.95
JBUG (Cassette) .... $29.95
TERMS:
Cash, Master Card or Visa
Shipping & Handling $3.50(US)
$5.50 (Canada) $ 15.00
(Foreign) Technical
Inquiries: Phone
5:00 600 PM MST W W ^ 0 f> e ^
the RAINBOW July 1983
Did you ever try to plug two pair of headphones into one
headphone jack? You can't. What you have to do is, go to
your nearest Radio Shack store and buy a "Y" adapter for
your headphones. That is what you are going to do; go to
your nearest Radio Shack store and get a "Y" adapter for
your disk controller. Well, not quite! You see they don't
make a "Y" adapter for a disk controller. What a shame! I
guess you'll have to make one. This brings me to the first
project for the Color Computer. I call it "The Color Compu-
ter Y-er," or is that "wire?" In any case, it will solve the
problem of having access to the bus with the disk controller
plugged in. Putting this together is not that hard, and not
expensive, but you have to remember that this just gives you
acess to the bus, it is not a buffered expansion interface. You
cannot plug in a ROM Pak and expect it to work. To do that
will require some circuitry. That may come later.
The Y-er requires four parts: one project board, Radio
Shack No. 276-163; two 40-pin Card Edge Connectors,
Radio Shack No. 276- 1 558, and a J 2" piece of 40-wide flat
ribbon cable. You can use Radio Shack No. 276-1 542. This,
however, has a connector on one end. You don't need it and
have to cut it off.
If you can get ribbon wire from another source (like I did),
do so; why pay more for a connector when you don't have
to? As for tools, all you need is the regular set of tools for
electronic projects. The only other tool you will need is a
four inch vice. You need that to crimp the connector to the
(Tony DiStefano is well known as an early specialist in
Color Computer hardware projects. He is one of the
acknowledged experts on the "insides" of CoCo.)
ribbon cable. And that's it — one hour later, you'll have your
very own Y-er.
Okay, let's start. Take the project board and cut it in half,
at about the "20"mark. You will need the half with the lower
numbers. The other half may be used in a later project, but
fornow, put it aside. With a sharp knife, separate oneend of
the ribbon wire into individual wires about one inch long.
Strip about 3/ 16 inch of insulation off of each wire. Tin each
wire with solder. This is where the tricky part starts. This has
to be done just right. Hold up the ribbon wire by the stripped
end and let the rest of the wire hang down. Starting from the
right hand side, bend the ends of the wire alternately for-
ward and backward. The first one on the right side goes
away from you. This divides the ribbon into two sections.
Counting from right to left, the odd numbers are away from
you and the even numbers areclose to you. Thetop section
and the bottom section. The top section will solder to the top
(component side) of the project board and the bottom will
solder to the bottom (copper side). You do this by soldering
the bottom side first. The first wire on the rightgoes into the
hole just below the first finger on the right. That means that
it will solder to the copper side. The second wire goes on the
first finger on the component side directly above the first
wire. Then the third wire goes under the second finger to the
finger on the copper side. The forth wire goes on top of the
second finger and so forth until all of the wires are done. The
last wire on the left goes on the top (component) side of the
last finger. From now on this is known as the top side. The
first finger on the right side is pin # 1 , the pin directly under-
neath is pin #2, the last finger on the top side is pin #39 and
the pin under that is pin #40.
Now, it's time to put the connectors on. Slip one connec-
tor into the other end of the ribbon wire. The connector
should be pointing upwards, in the same direction as the top
of the project board. Place the connector about two inches
away from the edge of the project board. Examine the
connector and wire carefully and make sure that all the wires
line up with the teeth of the connector. You might have to
stretch and tug the wire into place. Gently pinch the connec-
tor together between two fingers. The teeth should start to
press against the wire. Again check that all the teeth align
with the wires. When they do, sandwich the connector in
between two small pieces of wood. Put the wood and the
connector into a vise. Turn the vise until the connector is
completely closed. Examine the connector to be sure that it
is properly closed. If not, then give it another shot on the
vise. It is important that the connector be fully closed. Now,
slip in the second connector. It should stay close to the end
of the wire. Crimp it like you did the first. If you think that
you cannot properly crimp the connector, local electronics
shop personnel might be able to help you.
Figure 1
Y-ER
PIN PIN
PIN
#40
1 <
CONTROLLER
EXTRA
Your "Y-er" should now look like the one in Figure I.
Before you go plugging this thing in, you should run a few
tests. The first test is to determine if all the wires have
continuity. This is where the other half of the project board
comes in. Plug the board into one of the connectors. With an
OHM meter, check that all the wires show continuity
between the two ends. Make sure that theyall line up! Pin#l
on one should be pin #J on the other. That is important:
reversed wires can cause a disaster. Next check the conti-
nuity of the other connector. If all is well there is one more
thing to check before you can use the "Y-er." You must
check for shorts between the pins. Put one lead of the OHM
meter on pin #1. Place the other lead on each of the sur-
rounding pins one at a time. All of the readings should show
high. There should not be any resistance between any pins.
After all this checks out, remove the flux left behind when
you soldered the wires to the project board. This can be done
with flux cleaner. If you don't have any, an old toothbrush
and lighter fluid will work. You might have to getdown to a
little bit of scrubbing. If you bought the Radio Shack con-
nectors you will have to do a little trimming in order for the
disk controller to fit in correctly. A small knife will do the
trick. Cut deep enough that the controller fits in all the way.
After you feel sure beyond the shadow of a doubt that
there are no shorts and no opens it's time to try it out. With
the power off, plug the "Y-er" into the Color Computer's
cartridge slot. Make sure it is in tight. Turn the computer on.
If all is well, then turn it off again and plug the controller
into the first connector. Turn it on and there you are, you
have access to the bus with the controller plugged in. Right
now you don't have anything to try it out with, but next
month my project is a parallel printer port. For now try
plugging the controller into the other connector to make
sure that it works.
SOME OF THE PROGRAMS THAT MADE Mr. R's THE SOFTWARE
LEADER FOR THE IM-l/lM-2 ARE NOW AVAILABLE FOR THE
COLOR COMPUTER, 16K , EXT BASIC. PROGRAMS LIKE
MURDER «?
ENTER THE MANSION AND FIND OUT WHO KILLED
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FOR EDUCATION TRY
JAIL
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1. CREATE YOUR OWN WORD LIST (YOU CONTROL THE
DEGREE OF DIFICULTY AND AGE LEVEL),
2. JAIL - YOUR LIST IS READ INTO THE PROGRAM &
THE FUN/LEARNING BEGINS. ONE OR TWO PLAYERS
COMPETE IN A SPELLING OR PHRASE CONTEST AND
THE LOSER GOES TO JAIL. 16.95
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1. GONDOLA - PILOT YOUR BALLOON OVER THE MOUNTAIN
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& MOTHER NATURE ARE FACTORS TO CONSIDER. THIS
ONE LOOKS EASY, TRY IT ?
2. COPY CAT - MATCH THE COMPUTER IN THIS SIMON
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 177
Ready For Combat?
Draw Your Crossbows!
By Bill Nolan
Rainbow Contributing Editor
Welcome to the Dragon's Byte! In past columns we
have talked about creating characters and mon-
sters for fantasy games. We have also spent some
time on record keeping systems for keeping track of the
progress of a character.
For those of you who are not familiar with fantasy role
playing games, the play consists of creating an imaginary
character and then pretending to be that character while
exploring old dungeons, fighting with monsters, or traveling
to distant lands where strange and wonderful things can be
found. You could compare it to writing a play by giving each
actora characterto work with and letting them make up the
dialog as they went along.
Needless to say, a game of this kind can be very complex.
One of these games has five hard cover books of rules to
explain the play, and the rules still fall short of fully explain-
ing every possiblesituation. To handle this kind of problem,
and also to have someone available to act out the parts of all
the bad guys and monsters, a special game position was
created.
This special person is called the dungeon master, referee,
or game master, and they keep track of where everyone is,
how they are doing, and myriad other facts and figures.
Several of our previous articles have been addressed to the
need to computerize all that data.
This time I want to begin discussing combat. In a fantasy
game combat comes up like this:
PLAYER ONE:- "I open up the door and go into the
room."
(Bill Nolan is co-owner of Prickly- Pear Software, and
teaches Programming in BASIC at Pima College in
Tucson, Arizona.)
REFEREE: "O.K., there is a huge cavern on the other
side, and you see a large red dragon!"
PLAYER ONE: "I draw my sword Tiredrake slayer' and
move to the attack."
PLAYER TWO: "While Elrond runs toattack, I fire off a
bolt from my crossbow at the dragon!
Did I hit him?"
Ah, there is the problem! "Did I hit him?" That seems like
an easy enough question, but consider the possibilities.
First, was a shot actually fired at all? Maybe the dragon was
lying in wait and knew the players were coming. Maybe our
players were so surprised they dropped iheir sword or bow
on the floor in excitement. After all, you don't open a door
and find a dragon everyday. Then again, maybe the dragon
was faster than the intrepid fighters. Maybe the dragon let
off a gout of flaming breath as the players were getting out
their weapons and cooked them on the spot. Fighting drag-
ons is dangerous work, you know!
And even if the shot was fired, it may have missed the
dragon altogether, or it may have bounced off the armored
scales. Who can tell? Who will decide? If we let the referee
decide, then we have no game at all. We may as well just have
the dungeon master tell us how everything will come out
right at the start, and then we won't need to play! Think of
the time we can save!
To get around this difficulty, the fantasy games have
developed combat systems. These systems attempt to take
into account as many of the factors in a combat as possible,
and they all use dice rolls to settle the outcome. Most of
these systems are very complex and consume a lot of time. A
combat that would take five minutes in real time may take 45
minutes of time in a game.
Let's go through the above dialogue again, and
178 the RAINBOW July 1983
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Thanks to many of you for the nice comments concerning our
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Mansfield, OH 44907
(419) 756-4873 / ^
Note: We also carry the RAINBOW
Add S2 shipping on orders less than $50. Please add
$2 for COD. Ohio residents add 5% state sales tax
you'll see what I mean.
PLAYER ONE: "1 open up the door and go into the
room."
Did the door actually open? Maybe it was locked or stuck.
We roll a die to find out. If it was locked or stuck, additional
dice will have to be rolled to see if it was successfully picked
or kicked open. Only after all this has been done can we
safely assume that the party enters the room.
REFEREE: "O.K., there is a huge cavern on the other
side, and you see a large red dragon!"
That's nice. But, dragons have a reputation for sleeping a
lot, so we have to roll a die to see if this particular dragon
was awake or asleep. Let's assume this one was awake. Was
it startled or surprised? Were any of the party members
surprised? We have to roll a die for each character and
monster involved!
PLAYER ONE: "I draw my sword Tiredrake slayer' and
move to the attack."
PLAYER TWO: "While Elrond runs to attack, 1 fire of fa
bolt from my crossbow at the dragon."
Before any of this can be decided, we have to find out
which side gets the first attack. In most games this is called
"initiative." Each side will have to roll a die to determine
this. Let us pretend that the dragon wins the initiative and
gets to attack first. The dragon can either breathe on the
fighters or it can attack with claws and teeth. Which will it
choose? You guessed it, roll another die! Whichever choice
the dragon makes, its attack may not succeed. The dragon
could miss, or the players'armor may protect them, so more
dice must be rolled. If the attack does succeed, dice must be
rolled to find out how much damage was done.
If any players survive theattack of thedragon, then weget
to:
PLAYER TWO: "Did 1 hit him?"
Gee, my dice are getting a little worn on the corners, and
we are still only getting started! To make matters worse,
after we roll a die, we have to look up the number we rolled
on a large table to find out the result. This result can then be
modified by the armor worn by the attackee, the strength of
the attacker, what kind of weapon was used, and any magi-
cal spells in effect. (There may be several.)
You have to be dedicated to play these games. So far,
about five million people have gotten dedicated!
Naturally, since I collect computers, I have been thinking
of how to design a computer combat system to take the
drudgery out of all this fighting. A big advantage of a
computer is that you aren't limited to dice of 6 or 10 or 20
sides. You can have any number of sides you want, and that
gives you much more flexibility in designing your combat
system.
First, however, a word about the random number com-
mand on the Color Computer. RND(n) will return a number
from 1 to the number "n." If "n" is 1 or 0, the number
returned will be a decimal number larger than 0 but smaller
than 1 , like . 12345678. If the number "n" is a minus number,
it will reseed the random number generator with a different
seed for each minus number.
Hold on a minute! What was that last? Well, the random
number generator is what the computer uses to calculate its
random numbers. For example, do a cold start. (That means
turn your computer off, wait 15 seconds like the manual
says, and turn it back on.) Now type:
10 FOR X=l to 10:PRINT RND( 100):NEXT X
When you have this line typed into thecomputer and have
entered it, type RUN and press ENTER. If you made no
mistakes, a row of 10 numbers from I to 100 will appear
180
the RAINBOW July 1983
FOR THE
COLOR
COMPUTER/,
TDP1 00
\
COLOR CATERPILLAR by the Rugby Circle. Inc. ®1983
An ecological system out of control; the last survivors ban together in
the valley. Of the predator insecta the caterpillar remains as the worst
menace because of its amazing ability to reproduce. From your mobile
post, your guns are aimed at the moving target: a raging caterpillar
splits in two with each half going in opposite directions. Even if. in your
persistence, you manage to destroy the creature another one appears
one segment longer than the previous caterpillar. Adopting to its hostile
environment, if the caterpillar reaches the valley below without attack-
ing you he transforms into a killer moth. Your survival instincts are not
nearly so advanced as those of your foe.
Snatch up this survival epic. A challenging fast-action. Machine
language, arcade- style game. You' II need plentyof practice. Rated the
best arcade simulation of Itstype. Requires 16K memory for the cassette
version. Only $19.95
DEATH TRAP the Rugby Circle. Inc. ®1983
To satisfy your Insatiable hunger for wealth, you have set out to explore
the ancient ruins of a lost civilization. Protected by your armor- plated
tank, you amble through the twisted remains searching for hidden
treasures. As you explore thecomplicated Death Trap wh ich extends far
beyond the horizon, your energy supply continually diminishes forcing
you to consume the existing fuel mines. Barring your path are various
deterrents which, among other things, destroy tanks, award points,
supply maps, and teleport your tank to unknown regions of the Death
Trap.
Death Trap is a totally unique concept It is a hybrid game employing
the graphics of an arcade game and the excitement of an adventure
game, yet requiring the concentration of a strategy game. A great
investment! You'll never tire of exploring the immense, seemingly
endless maze, and you can look forward toa number of new Death Trap
mazes in the future! Requires 16K memory and is written entirely in
Machine language. Only $19.95
ETT (Electronic Typing Teacher)
Learn the RIGHT WAY - FAST)
Video Keyboard Guides Beginners —
• Finger Exercises SHOW & TEACH every Finger-Letter combination
• Self- Tests Help Beginners & Challenges Experts!
• 10 Page Student Manual & Self Study Course
• Hundreds of Practice Sentences
• 79 Skill-Building Practice Sets as DATA FILES
• Create your own data files for your own usage
Written by a Certified Teacher and a Professional Programmer. For the
Radio Shack' & TDP-1 00" Color Computers. Requires 1 6K minimum and
Extended BASIC If you need to learn to type, don't miss this super
program Only $19.95
SOFT SECTOR MARKETING,
INCORPORATED
6250 Middlebelt • Garden City, Michigan 481 35
313-425-4020
MASTER CONTROL II - New & Improved!
Copyright c 1982 Soft Sector Marketing, Inc. Written by Alan Schwartz.
TAKE CONTROL OF BASIC PROGRAMMING ON YOUR TPS-COLOR OR
TDP100 MACHINE.
Master Control is a Machine language program designed to increase
the speed in which it takes to write BASIC programs by providing the
most commonly used program statements with two(2) keystrokes rather
than having to type the entire command. The program is relocatable
and can be placed anywhere in memory normally the top 1616 bytes
of RAM. it will wortc on 16K and 32K systems. All of the instructions are
compatible with the Radio Shack Disk Controller.
OVERVIEW
1 . 51 preprogrammed command keys of standard and Extended
BASIC commands.
2. Direct control of motor, trace and audio functions.
3. Relocatable Machine code, now works with disk systems.
4. Automatic line numbering, starting point and increment are alterable.
5. Programmable custom key. you can select your own special function,
6. Direct run key. run the program as you write It.
7 Plastic keyboard overlay for easy program use.
8. Easy entry of commands into program statements.
9. New. complete, easy to understand Instruction manual.
10. Repeat keyboard function on all keys.
Requires 16K. Does not require Extended BASIC (Extended BASIC is
required for some functions.)
Introductory Offer - Cassette #0-79 $19.95
ATTENTION PRESENT OWNERS
OF MASTER CONTROL -
If you have the original MASTER CONTROL program you can update to
the newest version for only $8.00 plus shipping and handling. To get this
low cost update do the following
1) Remove the comer of your old foil overlay that has the words MASTER
CONTROL on it.
2) Paste it to a piece of paper.
3) Send this piece of paper and your original MASTER CONTROL tape with
$6.00 for the update and $2.00 for shipping and handling to:
Master Control Update
c/o Soft Sector Marketing, Inc.
P.O. Box 340 e
Garden City. Michigan 48135
We must have all the above to process your update.
COLOR GRAPHICS EDITOR
^1983 Soft Sector Marketing. Inc. Written by Larry Ashmun.
AT LAST, a graphics drawing program that is USEFUL in writing programs
that use graphics.
This program permits the creation of graphic pictures on the screen that
can be saved to disk in the form of DATA STATEMENTS, for DISK BASIC, or in
the form of FDB STATEMENTS, for use with a disk based Editor/ Assembler
(eg. MICRO WORKS MACRO 80C). It allows two type of data entry,
testing of animation effects and many additional features.
Written in Machine language requires Extended BASIC or RS Disk
BASIC and a minimum of 16K of memory. Works with cassette or disk.
. Cassette #0-211 $19.95
OKI-PRINT ^1983 by Craig Edelheit
DUMP SCREEN GRAPHICS FROM VOUR RADIO SHACK TTCS-80" OR TDP100*
COLOR COMPUTER TO AN OKIDATA MICROLINE 82 A SERIAL DOT MATRIX
PRINTER 256 x 192 HIGH RESOLUTION,
OKI-PRINT is a BASIC language program that is designed to do high
resolution screen dumps from a Radio Shack or TDPIOOColorComputer.
ro an Okidata 82A printer. OKI-PRINT will dump any PMODE MP (M =
MODE. P = PAGE). If the PMODE is 1 or 3 (which are color modes) the
printer will attempt to shade the different colors in lighter and darker
intensities of black in order to make them more recognizable. Requires
16K Extended BASIC.
Cassette *0-23 $12.95
PAYMENT-pavmenfacceptedbY charge, pefsonal check
or COD. orily. under the following conditions Charges
processed when shipped, usually within 48 nours Personal
Checks delqv shipping pending 3 weeks to clear C.O.D.
orders are certified check or cash only, add Si 50. Mi residents must add 4% sales fax.
SHIPPING & HANDLING - Shipping Charges: Send the larger amount. 2% or S2 50 unless
stipulated otherwise Any order received without shipping and handling will be shippecr freight
collect Air Mail Shipping outside of North America please send the larger amount: 1 0%
StOQO Overpayment will be refunded.
in*
or I
down the left side of the screen. Write those numbers down,
in the order they appear. Now, do another cold start, type in
the same line all overagain, and RUNihe program one more
time. How about that? The SAME 10 numbers! This is a
problem in a game. What fun is a game if you can predict
what the next roll of the dice will be? The answer to that
depends upon whether you're playing Monopoly with
friends or craps in Vegas.
What weare getting are PSEUDO-random numbers, and
being able to repeat the same series of numbers is very useful
in some statistical applications. That won't help our game,
though. Weneed unpredictable numbers. Try theabove one
line program again, but this time add a line 5 before you
RUN it. Remember to do a cold start first.
5 X=RND(-100)
10 FOR X=l TO 10-.PRINT RND( 100):NEXT X
This is an improvement. Now we have different numbers.
Do it again (remember the cold start with -200. See, different
again. That's what we mean when we say that "minus
numbers reseed the random number generation. "The prob-
lem here is that if you use the same minus number you
always get the same result. Try the above again with -100
(cold start) and you will see what I mean.
What we need is an unpredictable minus number. The
timer is quite unpredictable! After all, it changes 60 times a
second, and that may well be the solution. If we change line 5
above to be:
5 X=RND(-TIMER)
the resulting numbers will become unpredictable. As we
continue with our combat system then, we will have to
remember to insert the above line into the beginning of our
program.
Before wegetoff this subject, let me give you another way
to insure unpredictable numbers. Since we get the same
series of numbers from each seed, we can either change the
seed, as we did above, or jump into our series at an unknown
point. The program below does both!
10 X=RND)-TIMER)
20CLS0
30 PRINT @ 202, "RANDOMIZING";
40 PRINT @ 293, "PRESS ANY KEY TO GO
ON";:K$=INKEY$
50 IF INKEY$="" THEN X=RND(0) :GOTO 50
60CLS:FOR X=l TO 10
70 PRINT RND(100)
80 END
In line 10, a new "seed" number is chosen. Then, in line 50,
random numbers are chosen over and over again an
unknown number of times until you press a key to go on. I
have found the above combination to give the best results in
BASIC game programs. It isn't necessary to print the "ran-
domizing" message on the screen, or even create a special
routine for this. You can simply insert the RND statement
into the middle of an INKEYS loop somewhere in your
program.
Next month we will get into writing the program to com-
puterize a combat system. This is going to be a very complex
program, so we'll see how much fits in one column. Mean-
while, give some thought to ideas you would like to see
covered in future columns and let me know what y.ou want.
Happy Anniversary, Rainbow 1 .
r
♦
SOUTHERN SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
SERIOUS SOFTWARE FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
Presenting. . THE GRAPH ZAPPER, S\
THE BAR ZAPPER and THE PIE ZAPPER <N e ^
"1
THE PIE ZAPPER draws pie charts of your data - plain or lancy sectors - 5 kinds of sectors - alternate sectors styles to make an outstanding impact - labeled
sectors-option to display raw numbers or percentages on charl with or without totals.
THE BAR ZAPPER creates bar graphs with multiple bars-five different bar styles-positive and negative bars-can use names or numbers for bar identifi-
cation -plenty of options- "Extremely easy to use. . .Beautiful. . .Well prepared and documented tool." The Rainbow, April 1983.
THE GRAPH ZAPPER plots line graphs of data and equations- multiple lines with different symbols-mix equations and data on the same graph-with or
without grids -plots lines or points - "The Graph Zapperis one of the most completely documented pieces of software we have seen. . .The Graph
Zapper is an outstanding utility and can be a major tool in statistical, business and other uses where graphic representation of numbers is desirable. "
The Rainbow, Dec. 1982
Endless applications- electric consumption, stock prices, math class equations, children's height and weight, data analysis, trend indication, experimental
results, statistical analysis, sales presentations.
The three ZAPPERS provideyou with a sophisticated capability that will handle from the simplest to the most complex graphing needs
All three ZAPPERS have these Features:
High resolution graphs with on screen numbers, titles, and labels.
Sophisticated data editor makes changing data simple.
Disk version has added features including storing completed graphs
on disk and menu driven file loading.
Detailed user's guides for all leatures.
Low resolution graphs can't compare.
14 day money back guarantee.
$15.95
for 16K tape versions
RAINBOW
CLnririCiTiQn
add $1.00 for shipping .
or VISA/MaslerCard number and expiration date
$44.95 for all three tape versions + $3.00 shipping
$56. 95 for all threedisk versions + $3.00 shipping
Florida residents add 5% sales tax
SOUTHERN SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
485 South Tropical Trail, Suite 109 • Merritt Island, Florida 32952 •
User friendly, easy to understand.
Thorough error prevention.
Save data for later graphing or editing.
Low cost upgrade from tape disk.
Hard copies possible with readily available screen print programs
for nearly any brand of printer.
Requires Ext. Color Basic and delivered on cassette.
$19.95
for 32K disk versions
send check, money order,
VISA — Master Charge accepted
(305) 452-2217
182 the RAINBOW July 1983
BITS fWD SITES OF 8RSIC
16K
ECB
1
RAINBOW
Wrapping Up Our
Communications Word Processor
By Richard A. White
Rainbow Contributing Editor
Last month, we began writing a Communications Word
Processor program to generate, off-line, text that could be
loaded and sent by COLORCOM / E or other terminal
packages that support line by line transmission of a pre-
viously loaded file. Special program features include keep-
ing line counts and a wordwrap feature to move text from
overlength lines to the next line. We also want an easy-to-use
editor and need printer and cassette or disk file handling
ability. The program is modular. That is, specific line
numbers were predefined for the various functions we knew
had to be included. Main Menu starts at 1000, an easy-to-
remember line if you get an error or break the program and
want to reenter without losingyour data. FollowingisTable
I which lists all modules used.
TABLE 1
Commwp Modules And Number Block Assignments
Lines
Module
Comments
5—99
Subroutines
Frequently called subroutines used
by more than one routine.
100—199
Enter Message
Enter lines at bottom of message.
200—249
Edit
Phrase substitution editor.
250—299
Insert
Put new text between existing lines.
300—399
Wordwrap
Cut over limit text and add to
next line.
400—500
Delete
Delete line and renumber those
above.
500—600
Copy
Copy line into temporary variable
and insert at new location.
600—700
Printer
Hard copy for proof or file.
900— 1 000
Save/ load
Disk or cassette option.
1000—1050
Main Menu
Select primary functional choices.
1050—1100
Configuration
Configure limits to specific bulletin
board requirements.
2000—2100
Initialization
Read strings and enter key variables
into table.
10000
Auto-save
Run past leader and save two copies
to tape.
11000
PCLEAR1
Avoid SN error.
(Richard White has a long background with micro-
computers and specializes in BASIC programming.
With Don Dollberg, he is the author of the TIMS data
base management program.)
Last month, we discussed initialization, the Main Menu,
bulletin board limits, the program save routine and word-
wrap. Focus was on program logic and ways to implement
the logic in BASIC. It is now time to do the same thing with
the heart of the program, the text entry and editing routines.
My assignment is to explain them to you. Your assignment
is to understand them well enough that you can make some
improvements on your own or use parts of the code in your
own programs. Certain objectives we stated last month
determine how the text entry sections called from itare to be
written and need to be reviewed.
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Visa and M C Accepted 1
July 1983 the RAINBOW 183
1) Display lines used and lines left. As finally imple-
mented, this became lines used and lines allowed.
2) Allow user to scroll up or down through the message
using the arrow keys.
3) Edit or delete the bottom line displayed.
4) Be able to insert a new or copied line between others.
5) The editor will be a phrase substitution type, where the
usertypesthe material to be removed and then the newtext.
6) Provide wordwrap so lines longer than the limit can be
typed and theexcessfrom the last space before the limit will
be moved into an additional line oradded to the next line as
appropriate.
7) In addition to arrow key control, how about other
control keys like "T" for top of message, "B" for bottom of
message and "G" to GOTO a particular line. "G" was not
implemented due to screen space limits.
The text entry section code will use certain BASIC rou-
tines that could be used again elsewhere in the program. The
plan was to identify these and put them in low line numbered
(and quickly found) subroutines. The result is that the text
entry code starting at line 100 is fairly short.
8 PRINT696, STRING* (32, CHR* ( 163) >
5 : I F I > 1 THENPR I NTA* ( 1-2)
9 PRINTA*(I-1>:PRINTA*(I) : RETURN
10 PRINT ,I LINE# ,, I M LINES" IH" ALLO
WED"LM,MO*" mode ^< ENTER >=COMM
ANDS", ,: RETURN
100 MO*=" enter ": CLS4: I=IH+l:GOS
UB 1 0 : GDSUB8 : L I NE I NPUTC* : I FLEFT* (
C*, 1 ) < >CHR* (94) THENIFA* ( I ) =" "THE
NA* ( I ) =A* ( I ) +C*I ELSEA* ( I ) =A* ( I ) +
" "+C*ELSE105
Since some subroutines will be used by a number of
calling routines, we send the calling routine name in MO$
which starts Line 100. The screen is cleared and the line
counter is incremented. If there are no lines yet in the mes-
sage, I H = 0 and I goes to 1 . Subroutine 1 0 writes a header
showing current line, I, number of lines already entered, IH
and lines allowed. The ", "after LM moves the print location
to the second line where the calling mode is printed along
with the reminder "up arrow." Followed by ENTER you
will shift to Command Mode for scroll ing through the mes-
sage and accessing other functions like Edit, Insert and
Delete.
Text is entered using LINE INPUT C$ so there are no
restrictions on keyboard characters that can be entered.
When the entry is completed, a nested IF — THEN IF
— THEN — ELSE — ELSE — construction is encountered.
If the condition afterthe first IFis not true, control is passed
to code following the second ELSE. If that condition is true,
the second IF is evaluated and final action will be either the
code following the second THEN or first ELSE. Nested
conditionals can be tricky. Perhaps the following statement
will help.
/F(Test 1) 77/£7V(ifTest I is true) IF (Test 2) THEN(\[
Test 2 is true ACTION A) ELSE (if Test 2 is false
ACTION B) ELSE(\{ Test 1 is false ACTION C).
Program clarity considerations more than machine capacity
determine how many IF THEN ELSEs you nest. Debugging
IF THEN statements can be tricky, which is another reason
toconsideralternate ways. Weird things can happen if there
areerrors in test codeafter the IF. BASIC is looking for only
a true or a false indication at this point and messed up test
code may not return a syntax error to help you pinpoint a
problem. It just won't work right. This can happen in any IF
THEN statement, it's just more trying in more complex
situations. Let's look at what the code in line 100 is saying.
IF (no up-arrow at beginning of C$) THEN IF(A%(\) is
null) THEN (A$(I) = C$) ELSE (A$(I) = A$(I) plus a
space plus C$) ELSE 105.
102 IH=I: IFLEN(A*(I) ) >CL GOSUB30
0: IFLEN(A$(I + 1) ) >CL THENI=I+1=GG
TO 1 02 : ELSE 1 00ELSE 1 00
105 1=1-1
110 PRINTQ4S0, "COMMAND ?";:GOSUB
1 2 : ONZ GOTO200 , 250 , 400 , 500 , 1 000 :
Z=Z-5:CLS3:FG=l:0NZ G0SUB14,16,1
8, 20: FG=0: GOTO 110
Line 102 clarifies why we would need to test for A$(I)
being null. The user is free to enter as much text as desired in
a line and wordwrap is called in 102 if text is longer than
maximum line length. Wordwrap cuts offenough of the left
of C$ to fill A$(I) and RETURNS. In line 102, one is added
to I and wordwrap is again called if needed until C$ is used
up. Again nested IF — THEN — ELSE statementsare used,
but the false action for both IFs is to go to 100. Still, two
ELSE statements are required, one for each IF. In this
special case where actions are identical, 103 GOTO 100 can
be substituted for the pair of ELSEs.
If the up-arrow is entered, it is assumed that there is no
text, I is reduced in 105 and the program goes into the
command mode in Line I 10. Subroutine Line 12 is called to
print the command options, get the letter keystroke and
convert it to a number that is returned in Z. In some cases,
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184 the RAINBOW July 1983
NOW THERE ARE TWO TOOLKITS FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
The software development tools that let you put even more power into the already
powerful Color Computer. They're full of tools, aids, bells and whistles useful to the BASIC
or MACHINE LANGUAGE programmer, in friendly, easy-to-use software packages.
BOTH TOOLKITS CONTAIN . . .
• light characters on dark background with Current Line Highlighting; or normal characters
• Full Screen Editor with Arrow Key controlled cursor; open up space/delete and close up space
• Enabling selective Line Renumber/copy/move/merge; or normal Extended Basic line editor
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• Restore a protected BASIC program/ Append any number of BASIC programs together easily
• Tone on keypress or normal silent keys (Tone modifiable by use of Sound an Command)
• Global Search of command or text strings in BASIC programs with wildcard character and next "."
• 9 Screen Print Delays with keyboard override (for slow, readable LISTings and DISK DIRectories)
• Variable Name List/String-Byte memory usage/Range of FREE MEM/Top of memory address display
• Fast Machine Code to BASIC DATA converter for storing machine code visibly in BASIC
• (C)SAVEM address/ Backup Tool (Last file name, start end and execute address)
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• Modified TRON display (IN replaces (LN)
THE FULL TOOLKIT ALSO CONTAINS ...
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□ 9 BASIC RUN delays with keyboard override; Single Step(s) mode with current line number display
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□ Memory Block Move for relocating machine code programs, DATA blocks, etc.; or the Kit itself
□ Ten User Defined Function Keys accessable with @/number (BASIC Macros/Block storage)
□ Automatic linefeed for printers that don't/double space LISTings; or normal PRINT
□ Delete all spaces (not in PRINT strings, DATA or REMARK lines)
□ ASCII/HEX memory Dumps to screen or printer
□ Delete all REMarks (either REM or ' type)
□ Parallel ECHO of screen output to printer
THESE FEATURES ARE FOUND ON BOTH VERSIONS . . .
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like scrolling with the arrow keys, we want to return to 1 10
to repeat the action or make another choice so a subroutine
call is desirable. In other cases, like going to the Main Menu,
any return will be from choices at that routine and GOTO
action is appropriate. Line 1 2 was written so that the GOTO
choices are returned as Z=l through 5. The ONZ GOTO
comes first in 1 10 and if Z is greater than 5 no action is taken,
the program subtracts 5 from Z and does an ONZ GOSUB.
When control comes back from the subroutine, we loop
back and do 1 10 again.
12 PRINTQ32, "tOP bOTTOM UP/DOW
N ARROWS eDITiNSERT dELETE cOP
Y mENU " ; : I FFG= 1 THENRETURN
ELSEFORJ=0TO0: Z*=INKEY*: J= ( Z*=" "
) : NEXT: Z=INSTR(''EIDCMTB''+CHR*<94
>+CHR*<10> , Z*> : IFZ=0THEN12ELSERE
TURN
I like Line 12 both for what it does and how it does it.
First, it prints theCommand Mode options. Next itchecks if
flag FG=1 . If so, it returns to the calling routine. Next it gets
the letter keystroke and converts it to a number using the
INSTR routine we discussed last month. Finally, it checks
for invalid entries, Z=0, and goes around again in that case.
As written, a lower case letter is an invalid entry. In any
word processor where the user is likely to be using lower case
as not, failure to allow lower case command strokes is
intolerable. Your assignment, should you decide to accept it,
is to rewrite line 1 2 and 1 10 if need be to accept lower case
commands. There are at least two ways to do this. One
involves changes in 12 and 1 10. The other splits 12 into two
lines (12 and 13) and does not require changing 110. It's
things like this that cause Versions 2.0 and 3.0 to be written.
Coming back to the flag FG=I , this was set in 110. If the
action called for involves scrolling the screen or moving to
the top or bottom, one of the subroutines 14, 16, 1 8 or 20 is
used. These use subroutines 8 and 10 to rewrite the screen.
Since 12 is called by 1 10, its use in the other subroutines is
only to get the command test up quickly so the eye does not
notice what 1 0 wrote on text lines 2 and 3 while the message
text is being written. Indeed, the GOSUB 12 in line 1 10
might better be in line 105. I leave you to experiment.
The subroutines in lines 14 to 21 do the scrolling and Top
and Bottom functions. Pay attention to I and you can figure
out how they work.
14 i=i:gosubi0:gosubi2:gosub8:re
Turn
16 i=ih+i:gosubi0:gosubi2:gosub8
: RETURN
15 IFI>1THENI=I~1
19 GOSUB 10: GOSUB 12: G0SUB8 : RETURN
20 IFKIH THENI = I + 1
21 GOSUB 10: GOSUB 12: G0SUB8 : RETURN
It may seem that we have spent an inordinate amount of
space on one block of code. But, there was a lot to think
about in those few lines. The remaining text functions follow
a bit different pattern in that the subroutines pertaining only
to that function are in the same code block, following the
main routine, and not at the front of the program. You can
compare text entry and edit and decide which way you like
best or if you even care. Note that I did not follow my
original intent, but this would prevent me from going back
and doing some rewriting once the program was working to
my satisfaction.
I think a phrase substitution editor is the next best thingto
a full screen editor and is much easier to implement in a
BASIC program. After writing the heading and text lines,
the program asks for the "old phrase." This can be any
combination of characters that occurs in the last line of text.
This occurs in Line 200. There is also the test for no entry
and for the up-arrow. Either of these provides escape. Since
one may want to make a number of changes in a line, or even
change a change just entered, the option to change with the
escape is necessary.
200 MO*=" edit ":CLS5: GOSUB 10: GO
SUB8: LINE INPUT "old phrase ";A*:
IFA*=" u ORA*=CHR* (94) THEN220
210 F=INSTR(A*(I) , A*) : IFF=0THENC
LS5: GOSUB10: G0SUB8: PRINT'phrase
not found": LINE INPUT "old phrase
" ; A* : I FA*= " " OR A*=CHR* ( 94 ) THEN22
0ELSE210
215 LINE INPUT "new phrase ";B*:L
1=LEN ( A* ( I ) > : A=LEN ( A*) : C*=LEFT* (
A* ( I ) , F-l ) : L2=LEN <C*> : L3=L1- (A+L
2) :Q*=RIGHT*(A*(I) , L3) : A*<I>=C*+
b*+q*:goto200
In Line 210, the starting position of the old phrase in the
line is found. If the exact combination of characters is not
found, fNSTR returns a zero, we reprint the screen with the
message "phrase not found" and the invitation to re-enter
the old phrase. A lot of Line 200 code is duplicated, mainly
so the message "phrase not found" will be correctly posi-
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166 the RAINBOW July 1983
PRETTY PRINTER
This M/L utility program will allowyou to write your
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PRINT format. Turn this: -
1 □ PRINT "EXAMPLE": FDRX=ATD M:FDRY=STD
P:Z=X + Y:PRINTZ:NEXTY:NEXTX
Into this: - 10 PRINT "EXAMPLE":
FOR X = A TO M:
FOR Y = S TO P:
Z = X + Y:
PRINT Z:
NEXT Y:
NEXT X
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tioned. When the old phrase is found, the program moves to
2 1 5 to get the new phrase. Then the text line is taken apart
into the portion left of the old phrase, C,$ and the portion to
the right of the old phrase, Q$. It is then put back together
with the new phrase in the middle as A$(I) = C$ + B$ + Q$.
220 PRINTQ480, "command ?";:GOSUB
230: ONZ GOTO200, 100, 1000: Z=Z-3: C
LS5:FG=l:0NZ G0SUB242 , 244 , 246 , 24
8:FG=0:GOTO220
230 PRINT632, "tOP bOTTOM UP /DO
WN ARROWS eDIT CURRENT MES
SAGE mENU " j : IFFG=1THENRETUR
NELSEFORJ=0TO0 : Z*= I NKEY* : J= < Z*= "
"):NEXT:Z=I NSTR ( " ECMTB " +CHR* ( 94 )
+CHR* ( 10) , Z*) : I FZ=0THEN230ELSERE
TURN
242 i=i:gosubi0:gosub230:gosub8:
RETURN
244 I=IH+l:GOSUB10:GOSUB230:GOSU
B8: RETURN
246 IFI>1THENI=I-1
247 GOSUB10:GOSUB230:GOSUB8:RETU
RN
248 IFKIH THENI = I + 1
249 GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB230 : G0SUB8 : RETU
RN
Line 220 does the same thing as Line 1 10 in text entry and
Lines 230 to 249 are similar to 1 2 to 21 that were used in text
era
It
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entry. The difference is that the choices in Line 230 are
different than those in Line 1 2 and all subroutines need to be
rewritten using 230 rather than 12 as the subroutine call.
The insert routine starting at line 250, the delete routine
starting at line 400 and the copy routine at line 500 are built
on structures similar to edit which we discussed above. Copy
may be viewed as a special case of insert since the source of
the text is string memory rather than the keyboard. In each
case we need to move strings and we do this by moving the
address of the string in the variable table, rather than copy-
ing the string itself to a different place in memory.
250 MO*=" i nsert " : CLS6 : GOSUB 10: GO
SUB 8 : PR I NT "enter 1 i ne " : L I NE I NPUT
C*: IFLEFT* <C$, 1 ) =CHR* (94) THEN260
255 FORJ=IH TOI STEP— 1 : A=VARPTR (
A* (J) ) :B=VARPTR(A* (J+l) > : FORK=0T
04:P0KEB+K,PEEK<A+K> : NEXT: NEXT: I
=1+1: IH=IH+l:A*(I)=C*: IFCL<LEN (A
* ( I ) ) GOSUB300
In insert, the new text is obtained in line 250. In line 255, the
variable table listing for each string is moved to the next
higher array location. The text that was represented by, say,
A$(10), the tenth line is now represented as A$(ll). The
program will then move the pointers for A$(9) up to the
A$(10) location until the right line is opened up f or the new
text. Delete does the reverse, moving the variable table
contents down and in the process erasing the address of the
string being deleted. Though the deleted string still exists in
memory, the computer has no way of finding it. Eventually a
garbage collection will overwrite the deleted material and it
will be gone for good.
All of the code for these routines are in the program listing
at the end of this article. 1 invite you to study it. You may
also want to rewrite these to use common subroutines in low
line numbers to reduce the code in each section.
The printer code starting in line 600 is intended to print
the text file for review and editing only. Hence, it is short
without refinements. The baud rate setting routine is the
fanciest thing there. Feel free to use it in your programs.
As more owners acquire disk drives, the ability to save or
load using either tape or disk becomes more important.
Tape makes a good long-term storage media for archive
purposes and for sending data through the mail. The stra-
tegy used here is to have a savingand a loading routine. The
variable D, for device number, is used with each OPEN,
PRINTtt and LINE INPUTtt statement so these can apply to
either disk or tape operations. For example, line 914 sets D
— 1, gets the file name and runs past the tape leader if the
user wishes. Control is then passed to 950 to PRfNTV-I the
data. But when disk is specified, line 91 1 sets D=I, gets the
file nameand transfers control to 950 that pre-forms the disk
operation since D=l. Considerable flexibility and perfor-
mance is achieved with a modest amount of code, much of
which is in the menu to make the thing user friendly. Since
the program listing follows closely, consult it for the 900
section coding.
This wraps up the discussion of COMMWP . It has served
well as a discussion piece. There is much room for improve-
ment and refinement and 1 hope that some of you do just
that. If you do, keep in mind the modular concept that 1 have
been teaching. There is plenty of room for more code in each
block, except perhaps 200. You may also want to use the
BASIC program framework, perhaps keeping the printer
entry and tape/disk I/O and start over todo a different type
of program. Once you have a library of program modules
188 the RAINBOW July 1983
"TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER PRODUCTS"
"ENHANCED 1248-EP EPROM PROGRAMMER
if
"THE CK4 SERIES PROM/RAM CARDS"
The list of directly compatible EPROMs increases by one. now
including; 250B*s. 275B-0/1's, 251 6's, 271 6's. 2532's, 2732's,
6B732-0/1's, 6B764's, and 6B766's.
NE \AM= EA TUR ES INCLUDE:
1) Intelligent algorithm that reduces programming time to as little
as 1 /6 that of fixed cycle programmers.
2) Diagnostic routines to isolate defective EPROMs. or locate
differences.
3) A feature that guards against EPROM type entry errors.
4) Diagnostic routines that prevent keyboard entry errors from
causing disastrous consequences.
FIR MWAREJ EA TUR ES
1) EPROM ERASED! 4) BYTE PROGRAMMING!
2) COMPARE EPROM TO RAM'5) DUMP EPROM TO RAM!
3) BLOCK PROGRAMMING! 6) JUMP!
TheCK4cards work with2K. 4K. and BK ROMsor EPROMs of the
5 volt only variety in 24 pin packages. The CK4 can also work with
static RAMs, and increase your available memory by as much as
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The CK4-1 is specifically designed for use in computers with "F"
series boards, or those machines that are "write protected" in the
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The CK4-2 is the unpopulated version of the CK4 series board. Buy
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Firmware is "stack-oriented", "position independent", and "menu
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Extensive documentation is provided to assist the user in the
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CONSULT FACTORY FOR AVAILABILITY AND PRICE INFORMA-
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FACTORY FRESH COMPONENTS:
ITEM
2716 EPROM
2532 EPROM
6B21P
74LS156
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DESCRIPTION PRICE
2K by B Bit, $4.50 ea.
4K by B bit, $6.50 ea.
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SDSBGC is a trademark of the MICRO WORKS.
ORDERING INFORMATION :
Add $3.00 to all orders to cover shipping and handling. Canadian
residents add 5°/o to cover special handling. Arizona residents add
5°/o sales tax. All items shipped UPS. Please allow 2-3 weeks for
delivery. Prices subject to change without notice.
Make checks payable to:
COMPUTER ACCESSORIES OF ARIZONA
5801 E. VOLTAIRE DRIVE
SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA 85254
(602! 886-7568 I
like these, you can reuse them in other programs with minor
modifications. Indeed, neither the I/O nor the printer rou-
tines were written for COMMWP.
W 210
255 .
0629
310
0869
442..
.. 0AA5
542
0D26
640
101D
915
1260
1050
... 1514
END
. .. 1745
The listing:
0 GOTO 11 000
a i-i-i
8 print«96, string* <32,chr*< 163))
1 : ifimthenprinta»<i-2)
9 printa*(i-d:printa*(I):return
10 print"line# m i " l ines" ih m allo
WED " LM , MO* " mode ^< ENTER >-COHM
AND3 RETURN
12 PRINT«32, M tOP bOTTOM UP/DOW
N ARROWS •DIT INSERT dELETE cOP
Y mENU M | S I FFQ- 1 THENRETURN
ELSEFORJ-0TO0S Z»-INKEY»: J- (Z*- M "
> I NE X T : Z » I NSTR ("EI DCMTB " +CHR* (94
>+CHR»<10> p Z«) : I F Z -0THE N 1 2EL8ERE
TURN
14 i-i:gosubi0:qosubi2:qosubb:re
TURN
TRS-80 COLOR BASIC
by BOB ALBRECHT
This entertaining self-instructional book is packed with
games, experiments, scores of intriguing challenges, and
activities related to fantasy role-playing games. The
ideal introductory aid for kids, parents and teachers
using the Color Computer.
John Wiley & Sons $9.95
605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158
TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER GRAPHICS
by DON IN MAN lu^^^^
Explore the creative and imaginative blending of computers
and color. This exciting book will enable you to explore
all the graphics capabilities of Extended Color BASIC.
Reston Publishing Company $14.95
11480 Sunset Hills Rd., Reston, VA 22090
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE GRAPHICS
FOR THE TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
by DON INMAN and KURT INMAN
This book is specific to the TRS-80 Color Computer with
applications using sound and graphics to illustrate how an
assembler can be used to perform feats that would be quite
difficult, if not impossible in the BASIC language.
Reston Publishing Company $14.95
DYMAX, P.O. 310, MENLO PARK,CA 94025
Dymax orders must be prepaid via check, money order. Visa
or Mastercard. Sorry, no Purchase Orders or COD orders.
Please add $2.00 shipping and handling. California residents
add 6% sales tax. ffF^\
RAINBOW
16 I-IH+l:GO8UB10:GO8UB12:GO8UB8
: RETURN
IB IFIMTHENI-I-1
1 9 G08UB 1 0 : B08UB 1 2 : 808UB6 : RETURN
20 IFKIH THENI-I+1
21 8O8UB10" 808UB12: Q08UBB: RETURN
100 MO*"" antar":CL84: I-IH+l:G08
UB 1 0 : G08UB8 : L I NE I NPUTC* : I FLEFT* (
C*, 1><>CHR*<94)THENIFA*<I>-" "THE
NA* ( I ) -A* ( I ) +C* : EL8EA* ( I ) -A* < I ) +
" "+C4ELSE105
102 IH-I : IFLEN < A* (I) > >CL 6O8UB30
0:IFLEN<A*(I+1> ) >CL THENI-I+1 : GO
TO 102: ELSE 100EL8E 100
109 I-I-l
110 PR I NT *4 80, "COMMAND ?"|:B08UB
12: ONZ GOTO200, 250, 400, 300, 1000:
Z-Z-9:CL83:F6-l:0NZ 808UB14, 16, 1
8 , 20 : F8-0 : GOTO 110
200 MO*-" •dit":CLS5:BOSUB10:6O
8UB8:LINEINPUT"old phrasa "|A«:
I FA*-" "ORA*-CHR* (94) THEN220
210 F-IN8TR(A*(I),A*):IFF-0THENC
LS5 : G08UB 1 0 : G0SUB8 : PR I NT " phr as*
not found ": LINE INPUT" old phraaa
"I A*: I FA*— " "ORA*-CHR* ( 94 > THEN22
0EL8E210
219 LINE INPUT "naw phrasa "|B*:L
1— LEN (A* ( I ) > : A-LEN (A*) : C*— LEFT* (
A* < I ) , F-l ) : L2-LEN <C*> : L3-L1- < A+L
2) : Q*— R I QHT* (A* ( I ) , L3) : A* ( I ) -C*+
B*+Q*:BOTO200
220 PRINT0480, "command ?"|:G08UB
230: ONZ GOTO200, 100, 1000: Z-Z-3: C
L89 : FG- 1 : ONZ G08UB242 , 244 , 246 , 24
e:FG-0:8OTO220
230 PRINT032,"tOP bOTTOM UP/DO
WN ARROWS aDIT CURRENT ME8
SAGE mENU " I : I FFG- 1 THENRETUR
NEL8EF0R J — 0TO0 : Z*-INKEY«: J— (Z*— "
u ) : NEXT: Z- I NSTR < " ECMTB " +CHR* (94)
+CHR* ( 10) , Z«) : I FZ-0THEN230EL8ERE
TURN
242 I-1:GO8UB10:GOSUB230:GO8UBB:
RETURN
244 I-IH+1:GOSUB10:GOSUB230:GQSU
bg: return
246 ifimtheni-i-1
247 g08ub 1 0 : go8ub230 : g08ub8 : retu
RN
248 IFKIH THENI-I + 1
249 QOSUB 1 0 : GO8UB230: G08UB8 : RETU
RN
290 MO*-"ina*rt":CL86:GO8UB10:GO
8UBB: PRINT "an tar Una" : LINE INPUT
C«: I FLEFT* (C«, 1 ) -CHR* (94) THEN260
255 FOR J- 1 H TO I STEP- 1 : A-VARPTR <
A* < J ) > : B-VARPTR ( A* < J+l ) ) : FORK— 0T
04: POKEB+K, PEEK (A+K) : NEXT: NEXT: I
-I+l: IH-IH+l:A*(I>-C«: IFCL<LEN(A
190
the RAINBOW July 1983
HARDWARE & SUPPLIES
MONITORS
BMC GREEN SCREEN 12"
89.95
COMREX CR 5600
HI RES MONITORS
12" Green Phosphor 179.95
12" Yellow Phosphor 189.95
12" Amber Phosphor 199.95
COMREX CR 5500
GREEN SCREEN
12" Phosphor Monitor 129.95
VIDEO PLUS
(From Computerware)
This unii is so good, we have slopped pro-
ducing our popular video interface kit so
ilia! we can supply our customers with the
hest unit available. Requires no soldering
or hole cutting for installation. Will work
on ANY composite monitor, color or
monochrome.
Only $24.95
BMC BM AU919IU
(13" Color Monitor)
High resolution display monitor produces
an incredibly sharp image. Includes built-
in speaker with audio circuit. Compatible
with virtually any microcomputer.
.„..., $344.95
DUAL JOYSTICK UNIT
(D.J.)
Single unit assembly enhances playability
of multi-joysiick/player games; conve-
nient press-to-fire buttons
Add $4.00 shipping $35.95
SPLC-1
Lower Case Board
(By Saturn Software)
Plug in board gives true lower case letters
with descenders instead of inverted letters
on your video display. Installation of an
optional switch (not provided) allows in-
verse or standard video with the flip of a
switch. Fits all "E" and later "D" boards.
$59.95
LCINT
Lower case interpreter program allows in-
put of lower case command words to be
accepted. Also allows for one key pause
features and single step through listings.
With instructions and cassette, disk com-
patible $10.95
U.S FUNDS ONLY
C.O.D. ORDERS ACCEPTED
Sorry, no CO.D. on printers and
monitors.
NO CREDIT CARD ORDERS
t a iiiii r soFTwARE |
%J AAIl 'c I hardware]
1636 D Avenue, Suite C
National City, CA 92050
(619) 474-6213
MEMORY
UPGRADE KITS
I6K RAM CHIPS 1 .50 ea.
'16K/32K
MEMORY UPGRADE KIT
Eight 200 NS 4116 Factory Prime Chips
with Piggy Backed Sockets, Sam Socket,
Bus Wire, and 32K Ram Slicker. Com-
prehensive Instructions. Recommended
for "D" or earlier, but may be used on
"E". Only 9 simple solder connections to
kit. None to computer.
$25.95
*64K RAM CHIPS
Eight 200 NS laeiory Prime 64K RAM
Chips. Allows vow 10 upgrade "E" board
easily. No soldering needed.
.$69.95
NOTE: 64k upgrade will NO T provide
64 k of usei' Ram, bin allows later revision
boards ([£. LT) in run cooler and more ef-
ficiently.
"Instul Union oj these items will void (he
Radio Shuck warranty. Radio Shack is a
trademark of the Tandy C Dtp.
NANOS COLOR BASIC
AND EXTENDED
SYSTEM REFERENCE
CARD
"The New Industry Standard"
$4.95
I W e pay pasture on this one)
All types of Nanos cards available
JARB
I
N
C
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
COMPUTER PRODUCTS
1636 D Avenue, Suite C
National City, CA 92050
(619) 474-6213
PRINTERS
EPSON PRINTERS
FX-80 + $575.00
RX-80 $449.00
Serial Interface w/4K Buffer
Ideal for80Cuse $109.95
80CTO Epson Cable $19.95
See shipping Info
PRINTER ACCESSORIES
Roll Paper Holder (Epson) 30.00
AdjusiableTracior forFX-80 39.95
Also Tractor Fed Mail Labels and
Cassette Labels, Ribbons, etc.
COCO PRINTER PACKAGE
Epson FX-80 and Serial Interface with 4K
Buffer, Cable 674.90
COMREX CR-1
Compact desk-lop daisy wheel
printer, especially designed for word
processing. Assures high reliability,
and produces quiet, high quality
priming. Complete with RS-232 in-
terface.
$810.00
JARB DISK DOUBLER
Why spend twice as much as you
need to for double sided diskettes?
With our doublet - , you can make
your own and pay for it with the first
box you double. A must for disk
drive users.
5 '/» "size only 12.95
BASF DATA CASSETTES
C-05 C-XO
1-10 .60ea. .65 ea.
11-20 .55 ea. .60 ea.
Soft PoK Cases Ea. $.20
Hard Shelled Cases Ea. $.22
Cassette Labels (1 2) Sh. $.36
Cassette Labels Tractor ( 1 000) $30.00
Call or write for quantity prices on all
cassette products. Special lengths avail -
able, eg., C-02, etc.
We carry products
from many manufacturers.
If you don't see it, ask.
SHIPPING AND HANDLING: Printers
and monitors add 3%. Unless otherwise
specified, all other orders $2.00 per order.
California Residents add 6°7o sales tax.
I
u
IELP
WANTED
Dragon Slayers, Space Pilots, Witch
Doctors, Maze Makers, Professors
and other creative programmers.
We Want You!
Your original Color Computer Soft-
ware program is worth money and we
want to discuss it with you. . .
Earn Top Buck!
Mark Data Products
24001 ALICIA PKWY,, NO. 226
MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691
(714) 768-1551
Po H
expo
ReqJ
assil
knd
13'!
Cc
1
Wit i
lllu r
corr\
doll|
mac;
Con^
poss!
expef
is /
COMPUTERS
Growing Company with lots r>*'
% ( I ) ) GOSUB300
260 PR I NT8480, "command ?"|:GOSUB
270: ON Z GOT 02 50, 100, 1000: Z-Z-3:C
L8S : FG- 1 : ON Z G08UB282 , 284 , 286 , 28
8:FG»0:GOTO260
270 PRINT032, "tOP bOTTOM UP /DO
WN ARROWS INSERT CURRENT M
ESSAGE mENU " I : IFF8-1THENRETUR
NEL8EFORJ-0TO0: Z*-INKEY*: J- ( Z*-"
" ) : NEXT: Z-IN8TR < " ICMTB"+CHR* <94)
+CHR* < 10) , Z»> : IFZ-0THEN270ELSERE
TURN
282 I - 1 : GOSUB 1 0 : GO8UB270: GOSUB8 :
RETURN
284 I - I H+ 1 : GOSUB 1 0 : GO8UB270 : GOBU
B8: RETURN
286 IFIMTHENI-I-1
287 GOSUB 1 0 : GO8UB270 : G08UB8 : RETU
RN
288 IFKIH THENI-I+1
289 GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB270 : G0SUB8 : RETU
RN
300 FOR J- I TOIH:Fl-0: IFLEN<A*<J>
XCL THENNEXT: RETURN
303 F-IN8TR(F1+1,A«(J)," "):IFF<
CL ANDF< >0THENF 1 -F : GOTO309EL8EC*
-RIGHT* (A* (J) ,LEN(A*(J))-F1) :A*<
J) -LEFT* (A* (J) ,F1)
310 IFJ<IH ANDA* < J+ 1 ) <>" " ANDLEFT
*(A*(J+1) , DO" "THENA*(J+1)-C*+
192 the RAINBOW July 1983
" "+A» (J+l): NEXT: RETURN
315 IFJ-IH THENA* ( J + 1 ) — C* : RETURN
320 FORJ1-IH TO I STEP— 1 : A— VARPTR
(A* ( J 1 ) > : B-VARPTR < A* < Jl + 1 > > : FORK
-0to4 :pokeb+k, peek < a+k ) : next: nex
t: ih-ih+i:a*(J1+d-c*:next
400 MO*-"dmlmtm":CL87:GO8UB10:GO
BUB8:PRINT"dalata this Una? Y/N
" : forj-0TO0: c*- inkey* : j- < c«- " "
):NEXT: IFC*-CHR0(94)ORC*O"Y"THE
N4 10405 FORJ-I TO I H— 1 : A-V ARPTR < A
» < J+l ) > : B-VARPTR < A* < J ) > : FORK-0TO
4: POKEB+K, PEEK (A+K) : NEXT: NEXT: I-
I-l: IH-IH-1
410 PR I NT0480, "command ? " I : GOSUB
420: onz goto400, 100, 1000: z-z-3:c
ls5 : fg- 1 : onz g0sub442 , 444 , 446 , 44
8:F6-0:qoto410
420 PRZNT932, "tOP bOTTOM UP/DO
WN ARROWS dELETE CURRENT M
ES8A8E mENU " I : I FFG- 1 THENRETUR
NELSEFOR J -0TO0 : Z*-INKEY«: J- ( Z*-"
" ) : NEXT : Z- 1 NSTR < " DCMTB " +CHR« < 94 )
+CHR* ( 10) , Zt) : I F Z — 0THEN420EL8ERE
TURN
442 I - 1 : GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB420 : GOSUB© :
RETURN
444 I - I H+ 1 : G06UB 1 0 : GOSUB420 : GOSU
B8: RETURN
446 IFI>1THENI-I-1
447 GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB420 : G08UB8 : RETU
RN
448 IFKIH THENI-I + 1
449 GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB420 : G0SUB8 : RETU
RN
500 CL88 : GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB540 : GOSUB8
: PR I NT "copy this line? Y?":FORJ-
0TO0: z*-inkey«: J- ( z»«" " ) : next: z-
INSTR < " YCMTB " +CHR* < 94 ) +CHR* ( 10) ,
Z*) : IFZ-0THEN500
505 ONZ GOTO510, 100, 1000: Z-Z-3:C
LS8 : ONZ G0SUB542 , 544 ,546, 548 : GOT
0500
510 C*-A*(I)
515 CL88 : GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB540 : G08UB8
: PRINT" in mart. . . "C»:PRINT"hara
? Y?" : FORJ-0TO0: Za— INKEY*: J— ( Z«-
■"■ ) : NEXT: Z- 1 NSTR < " YCHTB" +CHRS (94
>+CHR*(10) ,Z») : IFZ-0THEN515
520 ONZ G0T0525, 100, 1000: Z-Z-3:C
LS8 : ON Z GO8UB540 , 54 4 , 546 , 548 : GOT
0515
525 FORJ-IH TO I STEP— 1 : A— VARPTR <
A* ( J ) ) : B-VARPTR (A* (J+l ) ) : FORK-0T
04: POKEB+K, PEEK (A+K) : NEXT: NEXT: I
-i+i: ih-ih+i:a*(D-c*:goto500
540 PRINT032, "tOP bOTTOM UP/DO
WN ARROWS CURRENT M
ESSAGE mENU "I : RETURN
542 I- l: RETURN
INTERNATIONAL
COLOR COMPUTER CLUB, INC.
RAINBOW
Cfa?<JiC*-->0>.
A Non-Prof it Educational Corporation
Main Office
2101 E. Main St., Henderson, Texas 75652
Canadian Branch
P.O. Box 7498, Saskatoon, SK S7K-4L4
A
\
7
<$>/<Q>
ii
4). CLUB LIBRARY.
WORLD'S LARGEST COLOR COMPUTER CLUB /
}
<
HERE ARE SOME GOOD REASONS TO JOIN OUR CLUB
1) . FREE PROGRAMS.' Good programs written by our members are contained in our library,
in the newsletter, and on the new member tape.
2) . NEWSLETTER. A "magazine" sized newsletter (last issue was 80 pages), with programs,
tips, data, reviews, articles and much more.
3) . NEWSLETTER Tape. A tape of all the programs appearing in the newsletter is available from
the library for $2.00 (to members) or $4.50 (to non-members).
The club maintains a library of programs, books, and Radio Shack ROM-
packs. The programs are member written and come six program to a tape
or disk. They are yours to keep; however, there is a small fee to cover the
postage and tape (or disk) of $2.00 ($4.50 for disk). The books and ROM-
packs may be checked out for 3 weeks at a time (extensions possible).
You can get large discounts on many software and hardware items for the
Color Computer from some of the MAJOR companies. Also discounts on
subscriptions to the RAINBOW, Color Computer News, Color Computer
Magazine, Chromasette Magazine, and CoCocassette Magazine(up to 25%).
6). ADVERTISE FREE. Members may place ads up to V* page (classified type) per issue during their
entire membership in the newsletter FREE. Display ads at 25% off. These
ads must be computer related; however.
Don't wait weeks for the parts to come in from Radio Shack! Just check
them out from the Club's Parts library and return them when yours arrive.
You receive a "New Member" package containing many useful items.
This is the world's largest Color Computer Club. With members in almost
every field of expertise. So if you have a problem with the Color Computer,
we can almost always get you the answer. Put your problem on the Club's
Bulletin Board, write, or call. Telephone No. (214) 657-7834.
As a new member, you will receive a list of the members in your area on a
quarterly basis whom you may contact for CoCo talk.
5). DISCOUNTS.
7) . BORROW PARTS.
8) . SURPRISE.
9) . GET HELP.
10). FIND FRIENDS.
HOW TO BECOME A MEMBER::::
Write to the club for an application, there are no conditions for membership other than agreeing
to obey the rules and by-laws, being interested and paying the dues. The membership dues are $30.00
($50.00 outside the U.S.( In Canada it is in Canadian funds) in U.S. funds)per year and we believe you
get more than your moneys worth. You can save more than the memberhip dues in discounts the club
offers to you. Example : Subscription to the RAINBOW, 25% off of the regular subscription rates.
Some members have told me that the new member tape alone is worth the membership dues. It contains
10 very good programs. Some of the programs contained in the library are Accounts Receivable, General
Ledger, Inventory, Sales File and ticket program with automatic Inventory update (for32K with 2disk )■
There is over 72 programs in the library to choose from ranging from 4K to 64K w/disk.
VISA MastefCord
S44 I-IH+l: RETURN
946 IFIMTHENI-I-1
947 RETURN
348 IFKIH THENI-I+1
549 RETURN
600 P0KE69494 , 0 : BP-PEEK ( 1 90 ) : BU-
IN8TR< "61841 87 180",RI8HT
* ( 8TR* (BP) , LEN ( 8TR* < BP ) ) - 1 ) > : BU-
4800 /BU
610 CL8:PRINT073, "PRINT ROUTINES
CURRENT BAUD RATE -"BU,
TAB < 6 ) " RE8ET BAUD RATE",,," P
RINT TEXT" , , , , " HENU":CT-1
615 CT«-RI8HT*<8TR*<CT),1):LP-IN
8TR < " 12 3", CT« ) : LP-LP#32+2:
PRINTW-P, " >" | : FORJ-0TO0: Z»-INKEY
•: J-(Z«- M ") :NEXT:PRINT0LP, " "I
620 I F Z *-CHR« ( 1 0) ANDCT< 3THENCT-C
T+ 1 : 80T06 1 5EL8E I F Z*-CHR* < 94 ) ANDC
T > 1 THENCT-CT- 1 : B0T06 1 5EL8E I F Z*<>
CHR*(13)THEN615EL8E0N CT 00T0625
,640, 1000
625 PRINT" "I : INPUT" ENTER NEW BA
UD RATE" | BU* : BU*— LEFT* ( BU* , 1 > : BL
- 1 N8TR < " 36 1 24 " , BU* ) : I FBL-0THENPR
INT'baud rat* mrr or ": SOUND 100, 50
: BOTO600
630 BU(1)-180:BU(2)-87:BU(3)-41:
BU(4)-18:BU(5)-6:POKE150,BU<BL) :
8OTO600
640 CLB: PR INTO 194, "BET TOP OF 8H
eet at printer head and pr
ess any key " : for j-0to0: j- < i nkey*
-""> :next:lm-int<80/cd :forj-ito
5:PRINT#-2, " "
650 F0RI-1T0IH:PRINT#-2,TAB(LM)A
* < i ) : next: BOTO1000
900 cl83 : pr i nt866 , " save to tap
e "| :print0130, " save to disk
"i : prints 194, " load from tape"
i : pr i nt0258 , " load from di8k"|:
ct-1905 ct*— ribht* (str* (ct) , 1 ) : l
p- 1 nstr < " 1 2 3 4 " , ct* ) : lp-lp*32
+2:print0LP, ">"i :forj-0TO0: z*-in
key* : j- < z»- " " ) : next : pr i nt0lp , " "
I
910 IFZ*-CHR*<10)ANDCT<4THENCT-C
T+l : QOTO905ELSEIFZ*-CHR* ( 94 ) ANDC
T>1THENCT-CT-1 : 8OTO909EL8EIFZ*< >
CHR*(13)THEN905EL8EON CT Q0T0914
,911,913,912
911 D— 1 : PR I NT8322 , "FILE NAME"|:I
NPUTNA* : 8OTO950
912 D- 1 : PR I NT9322 , "FILE NAME"|:I
NPUTNA*: QOTO920
913 D— l:PRINT0322, "FILE NAME" I :
I NPUTNA* : 8OTO920
914 D— l:PRINT0322, "FILE NAME",:
I NPUTNA* : PR I NT0386 , " RUN PAST LEA
DER Y/N": INPUTI*: IFI*-"Y"THENMOT
ORON : FORK- 1 TO6000 : NE X T : : QOTO950
915 BOTO950
TRS-80* COLOR COMPUTER*
-16K Extended Basic, Menu-Driven, Well-Documented, Easily-Modified.
-For either cassette or diskette systems (Be sure to specify).
-Place an order of at least $40 and get one extra of your choice free.
-Orders shipped on cassette - Add $5 for shipment on diskette.
-FURST- sssr
Data Element Dictionary driven File Update and
Retrieval SysTem. Create and maintain files according
to your specifications. Ideas for applications in-
cluded $25
-MAILING LABELS- EHK?
Generate and maintain mailing label records. Selective-
ly print desired quantities. Can keep several label files if
desired. Designed for Printer VII, easily modified. $20
-REPORT WRITER- n ™
Used in conjunction with FURST to selectively format
reports on your printer. Includes headings and total
capabilities $15
-EXERCISE PLANNER- ESS?
Build and maintain complete exercise schedule for
regular and/or weight programs. Display guides you
through daily-calculated routines. Print complete
schedule if desired $15
RAINBOW
i - - * - ■ - -
-DISK DIRECTORY PRINT-
For diskette users only. Get hard copy of disk directories on your printer for easy use and reference. Only $5
Send check or money order to:
____ LAND SYSTEMS
VIST P.O. Box 232
Bellbrook, Ohio 45305
I MasterCard 1
•TRS-80 and COLOR COMPUTER
are Trademarks of Tandy Corp.
194 the RAINBOW July 1983
920 OPEN"I u ,D,NA«: 1-0
925 IF EOF(D) THENCL08ED: IH-I : 60
TO1000
930 I-I+l:LINEINPUT#D, A»<I) :0OTO
950 AUDI00N:0PEN"0 H ,D,NA*:F0RI-1
TOIH: PRINTWD, A* < I ) : NEXT: CLOSED: I
FCT >0AND D— 1 THENMOTORON : FORK- 1 T
0600 : NEXT : MOTOROFF : CT-0EL8E 1 000
1000 CL83:PRINT041, "CONHUNICATIO
N3 M | : PR I NT073 , " WORD PROCESSOR " I :
PRINT0105," VERSION 1.0 " I :PRIN
T0197 f "nEW MESSAGE "|:P
RINT0229, "CURRENT MESSAGE
I
1005 PRINT0261, "hULLETIN BOARD L
I M I T8 " | : PR I NT0293 „ " p R I NT MESSAGE
"I :PRINT0325 V "SAVE/LOAD
MESSAGE 11 1 : FOR J-0TO0 : Z*-I NKEY
»: J- ( z«- M " ) : next: z-instr < "NCBPS"
, Z*> : IFZ-0THEN1000
1010 ONZ GOTO 1020, 100, 1050,600, 9
1020 fori-ito50:a*<I)-"":next: i-
0: ih-0
1050 cls3: pr i nt070, "bulletin boa
rd limits" | :print0166, "character
s/line "cl| :print019g, "1 ines/me
S8AGE "LM| : PRINT0230, "oK AS I
S "| : FORJ-0TO0: Z*-IN
key*: J- < z*-" " ) : next: z-instr < "CLO
",Z*):ONZ GOTO1060, 1070, 1080
1055 GOTO 1050
1060 C*-" " : PRINT0184, " "I : FORK-
0TO1 : FORJ-0TO0: Z0-INKEY*: J- <Z*-"
" ) : next: print01G4+k, z*i : c«-c*+z*
: next: cl-val <c*> : gotoi 050
1070 C«-" M :PRINT0216, M "CFORK-
0TO1 : FORJ-0TO0: Z*-INKEY*: J— (Z*- N
" ) : next: print«216+k, z*i : c«-c«+z*
: next: lm-val <c«) : gotoi 050
10g0 i f i h— 0then 1 00el8ei f i h >lm th
encl83: prints 168, "current mes8ag
e"| :print0299, " has more lines "
i : pr i nt 0232, "than limit 8et."|:p
rint0296," press any key " |: pr in
t032g," to continue "|:forj-0to
0: j— < i nkey*-" 11 ) : next
1090 I-l:GOSUB300: GOTO 100
2000 CLEARS000:DIMA*(50>
2010 cl-64:lm-16:a-0:b-0:k-0
2100 6OTO1000
10000 AUDIOON: INPUT "RUN PAST LEA
DER Y/N" | I*: I F I *- " Y " THENMOTORON :
FORX-1TO6000: NEXT
10010 F0RC-1T02:C8AVE"C0MMMP":M0
TORON : FOR X - 1 TO600 : NEXT : NEX T : MOTO
ROFF * END
11000 PCLEARl:GOTO2000
1
JFD - COCO DISC SYSTEM -$449
J & M Systems, Ltd. is a leader in the Model Hi
marketplace with our JFD-III Disc Controller With
thousands in operation, we have set new standards
in controiler performance and reliability. We bring
these same high standards to the COCO, resulting
in the highest quality disc controller system on the
market. Compare these functions before you buy:
• Price. S449 includes controller, first drive, disc*
basic in ROM, and manuals. Just plug it in.
* Never needs adjusting. Our exclusive Digital
Phase Lock Loop Data Separator and Digital Pre-
comp Circuit eliminates the 3 adjustments found
on other controllers. /
High quality standard production disc drives. For
improved service and reliability. Tan don & Teac -
drives provide twice the read sensitivity that the
drives found in other disc systems do, and hold
their alignment far longer. }
■ Oo id-plated card edge connectors throughout.
■ Software compatible with Radio Shack Disc
Basic, Flex, and OS/9. j
J & M Systems, Ltd. 137 Utah NE, Albuquerque, N.M. 87108
(505) 265-1501 /
/ /
*T1
J&M SYSTEMS, LTD.
I 1.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 195
Doin' the Hi-Res Shuffle
Program
By
Phillip Beistel
Shuffle is one of three programs on (he Rainbow
' Record. ' See page 146.
If youVe ever shuffled little numbered plastic squares
around on a palm-sized plastic board, trying to order
them chronologically, you know the game called Shuffle.
Whether in its solid form it was called that or something else,
1 Yn unsure. Nevertheless, it was always enjoyable — an estab-
lished item in that revolving crop of kid-crazes which
included the yo-yo, Hula hoop and Gumbo shooter.
In its computerized form, the game gives up its pocket
portability, but it gains in pizazz with some very nicely done
(Mr. Beistel has been associated with large computer
hardware and software for nearly 15 years and has
been writing 80C software during the last three years.)
FL Y the Fill
Instrument
Flight
Simulator
Variable control sensitivity for
beginner or expert. Navigate a
new course each flight or do
aerobatics. Instrument takeoff s
and landings. Get yours now to
be elgible for future low cost
upgrades. Specify 16K or 32K.
Tape $19.95 Disk $21.95
LPVII DMPIOO Descenders
Its as if your printer had built
in descenders. Load, execute, and
forget its there. The lowercase
set: #focdef ghj. jk 1 mriopqrs.tuvwxyz
16K/32K Tape or Disk $14.95
Add $1.00 Shipping on all orders.
KRT Software 813-321-2840
P O Box 41395
St Petersburg, Fl 33743
hi-res graphics. Phillip BeisteTs outstanding version of this
classic, by the way, is not only listed here, but is also one of
the three programs on our Rainbow "Record" which you
will find on page 146.
Shuffle has a couple of quite interesting features: the most
obvious is the flashing name at the top of the screen. The
routine starting at line 46 does the flashing. Also, Phillip
uses the keyboard rollover table to allow f aster access of the
keyboard. You'll find this within the line46 routine, as well.
The game will randomly place 15 numbers inside a 4 x 4
matrix. The object is to rearrange the numbers into ascend-
ing order by using the arrow keys to move the blank square
and, consequently, the numbers, around the screen. If you
get frustrated, you can quit at any time by pressing the "Q"
key. When the game is either finished, or you quit, the
number of moves and the time used is displayed.
We think this is an excellent quality game, worthy of its
inclusion in our first"record,"and hope you will take advan-
tage of this for easy loading. For those who prefer the direct
approach, we give you the following listing.
The listing:
01 D3
26 0472
38 0727
50 0A77
70 0C1F
90 0F17
END ... 1044
1 RUN6
2 ' SHUFFLE
3 ' by PHIL BEISTEL
4 ' 1439 ARNOLD ST.
5 ' PGH, PA. 15220
6 if peek (&hc000) =126 and peek<&
hc001>=126 then p0ke65495, 0
8 xr=rnd < -t i mer ) : goto 1 09
9 cls(rnd<8) ) : pr i nts 1 1 , " ' shuffle
"■; :print@96, " arranse the numbe
rs from 1 to": print" 15, upper l
eft to lower right. " : print" use
the arrow keys to move. "
10 pr i nts228, "duplicate this pat
tern: "; :print@298, " 12 3 4";
:print@330," 5 6 7 8";: prints
362," 9 10 11 12"; :PRINT@394, "13
14 15
II
196 the RAINBOW July 1983
LEARN A SECOND LANGUAGE ON YOUR
COLOR COMPUTER • NEW • exciting • easy
Creative Courseware using the latest
technology and Professional Programming
Fulfill your educational objectives • Improve your job potential
Have fun learning a new language • Young and old can learn
Expand your children's horizons. • Affordable, only pennies per hour.
• SEE — High quality visuals, not dotted graphics
• HEAR — High quality audio as spoken by natives
• UNDERSTAND — Through programmed instruction
• RESPOND — Branching, and looping insure learning.
Our Lessons Teach You to
HEAR and THINK in a
Second Language
These lessons are for you if you:
• Think you can't learn
• Have had previous difficulties
• Want to start out right
• Want language success
Lessons Now Available in
Spanish, English and
French
• Color Computer with 16K RAM
and tape recorder required
• SLU-1: People, Persons & Family
• SLU-2: Stand, Walk & Run
• SLU-3: Smile. Eat & Talk
• SLU-4: House
• SLU-5: Open & Closed
• SLU-6: Furniture & Appliances
• SLU-7: Meals
• Vocabulary #1 ,2 & 3: 200 words each
Other Lessons and
Languages Available Soon
Special Values
Special Value #1
SLU 1 -3, VOCAB 1 , and Lesson Control
A $129.75 Value for only $99.95.
SV-1 (specify language desired) $99.95
Special Value #2
SLU 1-7, VOCAB 1-3, and Lesson Control
A $249.45 Value for only $199.95.
SV-2 (specify language desired). . . $199.95
Demonstration Lesson (for the doubter)
DEMO-1 $9.95
Individual Lessons:
(specify language desired)
Second Language Usage (SLU) $19.95
Vocabulary (SL) $19.95
Lesson Control: (only one copy needed
for all lessons and languages)
LC-CC $49.50
HOW TO HEAR AND THINK IN a second language
Skilled linguists have developed our series of second language programs. The lessons utilize the power of programmed
instruction wherein you are advanced to new material only after satisfactory learning has occurred at the current level. Our
techniques teach you how to think in a language without initially using any printed text material. No mental translation to your
native language is required. You learn as a child does, hearing and speaking before reading. The computer both tutors and
keeps track of progress as it moves you forward (or backward when review is necessary). AUDIO plus VISUALS plus
INTERACTIVE RESPONSEestablish the learning process, and literally THOUSANDSof visuals help seal-in the sound patterns
of your new language.
All of our lessons are interactive and user friendly; yet, you are unaware of the complex course structure involved. For
example: Lesson SLU-1 uses the theme of PEOPLE, PERSONS & FAMILY to teach the use of nouns to name things, to classify
them into categories, and to identify members of a group. Sentence structure is developed using the verb 'be' and its relationship
to nouns and adverbs, including plural forms and inversions. Noun structure using definite and indefinite articles, and regular
and irregular plural forms isalso presented. The other lessonsaresimilarly designed. In addition.each VOCABULARY LESSON
presents approximately 200 visuals and 200 words that are integrated into the learning process.
While the foregoing might seem complex, and it is, IT IS ALSO THE REASON OUR COURSEWARE CAN TEACH
LANGUAGES. If you have tried 'game' or 'tape' language programs you know that they are ineffective. Our programs can teach
you a language because we have successfully combined expert authoring of programmed courseware with audio & visuals &
response & branching into a powerful tutorial package.
DEALER INQUIRIES ACCEPTED
We have a broad range of Audio
Visual Computer Aided Instruc-
tion under development. Some
users of our courseware might
include Day Care Centers,
Schools (public and private),
institutions in various categories,
individuals and language tutors.
ABSOLUTELY NO RISK
You may examine your
order for 15 days. If you de-
cide not to take advantage
of the lesson(s) simply re-
turn in good condition for a
full refund or cancellation
of credit card charges.
*WE PAY UPS IN USA
(street address required for UPS)
*Add $2.00 if US Mail desired.
*Add 15% lor foreign, APO & FPO
(Remit in US Funds)
*Virginia Orders add 4% sales tax
"Mail credit card orders please
include al( card information
WE ACCEPT
• VISA and
MASTER CARD
• Money Orders
• Certified Checks
• Other Checks (must
clear before shipment)
FREE ORDER LINE
1-800-368-6300
* • *
1
FOR VIRGINIA ORDERS
AND OTHER CALLS:
1-804-463-6300
BASIC PROGRAMS, INC.
236 Mustang Trait, #102
Virginia Beach. VA 23452^
11 DIM A(4,4) ,B(16) : X16-0: Y16=0:
M=0: ZT=0
12 S*="T200L200O4V31; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6
\ 7; 8} 91 10) 111 12? Ill 10;9":T*="T10
0IL100V31|O4| l; 12"
13 forx=ito4:fory»ito4:a<x,y>=0:
nextyi nextx i screen0, 0: f0rx=1t016
:b(X)=x:nextx
14 f0rx=1t04:f0ry=1t04
15 D=RND(16)
16 IF B(D>=0 THEN 15
17 IF D=16 THEN X16=X:Y16=Y
18 A(X,Y)=B(D) :B(D)=0:NEXTY, X
19 PMODEl,l:PCLS
20 DRAW"C2;S8|BM72,4;BD1D1F1R3F1
D261L3H1 BU5E 1 R3F 1 BR4BU 1 | D7U4R5NU
3D4 ; BR4BU7D6 F 1 R3 E 1 U6BR4NR5D3NR4D
4BR5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4BR5; BR4BU7D
7R5| BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4R5"
2 1 DRAW " C3 ; S4 ; BM28 , 28 ; R203 ; D 1 63 ;
L203IU163"
22 PAINT (40, 30) ,2,3
23 DRAW "C3| S4|R51 ; D163; R51 ? U163;
R51 \ D163I R50; U40| L203 ;U41 ; R203; U
41IL203"
24 G0SUB52
25 F0RX=1T04:F0RY=1T04
26 PLAY T*:X*=STR*(((X-l)»50)+32
) :Y*=STR*( ( (Y-l)#40)+32) : ON A(X
SP SOFTWARE
cmtf<t<«-
FOUR NEW PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COLOR COMPUTER
SPDUMP A screen dump routine of 360 bytes of fasti
relocatable machine language ante. All PMODESi color
PMODES in h MM shades, twice size option in PWODES 3
or 4, position dump on paper, inverse image option, do
■ore than 1 screen as for MPP graphics. Works on
DW200 LPVII etc. Ccwes with BASIC instructions. Needs
BASIC1.1 or an flbit printer fix. On tape. $16
CONCPOLY Use this menu driven program to design and
draw a fantastic variety of intricate and colorful
patterns, suitable for dump to a printer, includes
examples and instructions. Works in a 16K computer,
EXT. or DISK BASIC. Cmes on tape. *8
SIXFOURK Use your 64K computer from BASIC. This
program allows you to inspect RAM, move ROM to RAM and
run it there, disable DISK or EXT. BASIC, and make
setups with graphics, program, strings, and USR in
upper or lower RAM to get the best use of RAM. The
program does the setups and includes tutorials and
instructions to let you make setups. On tape. $2fl
ROTUORLD This showy program for the 6AK computer will
display a rotating color globe of the earth. You get
20 frames of a PM0DE1 globe which is loaded into 60K
of RAM by a driver program plus an instruction program
all on disk to show off your MK color computer. $25
Free little graphics program with order or request for
our catalog. For fast service send check or MO to:
SP SOFTWARE, 1102 BILTMORE, LYNCHBURG VA 24502
^ /
198 the RAINBOW July 1983
,Y) GOTO 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36
, 37 , 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 44
27 PRINTS483, "< PRESS ANY KEY TO
PLAY. ) "» : I«=INKEY*
28 I*=INKEY*:IF 1*="" THEN 28 EL
SE SCREEN 1,0:BOTO53
29 DRAW"C4;S8fBM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD5
BR8E3D 1 3NL3R3 " : Q0T044
30 DRAW"C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD6
BR8U2E1 R6F 1 D4B1 L7D6R7 " I 60T044
31 DRAW"C4;S8?BM"+X*+", "+Y«+"BD2
BR6R6F 1 D4G 1 NL4F 1 D4G 1 L6 " I 60T044
32 DRAW"C4;S8;BM ,, +X*+", "+Y*+"BD2
BR 1 2ND 1 4G8R 12": G0T044
33 DRAW"C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD3
BR6NR8D6R7F 1 D4G 1L7H1U2" I G0T044
34 DRAW"C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD3
BR7R6F 1 H 1 L6G 1 D 1 0F 1 R6 E 1 U6H 1 L6G 1 " :
G0T044
35 DRAW"C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD3
BR6R 1 0G2D 1 G2D 1 G2D 1 G2D 1 " : G0T044
36 DRAW"C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y«+"BD2
BR8R6F 1 D4G 1 L6H 1 U4NE 1 D4F 1 G 1 D5F 1 R6
E1U5H1":G0T044
37 DRAW " C4 ; S8 ; BM " + X *+ " , " +Y*+ " BD3
BR8R6F 1 D4G 1 L6H 1 U4NE 1 D4F 1 R6G6 " : GO
T044
38 DRAW "C4;S8;BM"+X*+" , " + Y*+ " BD5
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR4R4E 1 U 1 0H 1 L4G 1 D 1 0
F1":G0T044
39 DRAW ,, C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD4
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR4R2NR2U 1 2G2 " : GOTO
44
40 DRAW"C4;S8;BM ,, +X*+", "+Y*+"BD5
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR4NR5U6R4U 1 R 1 U4L 1 U
1L3D1L1":G0T044
41 DRAW " C4 ; S8; BM"+X*+" , "+Y*+"BD4
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR4R4E 1 U4H 1NL3E1 U4H
1L4":G0T044
42 DRAW"C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD4
BR4E2D 1 2NR2L2BR 1 2U 1 2G6R8 " I G0T044
43 DRAW " C4 ; S8 ; BM " + X *+ " , " +Y*+ " BD5
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR3BU 1 NU2F 1 R6E 1 U4H 1
L6U6R7 " : G0T044
44 IF MO0 THEN RETURN ELSE NEXT
Y, X
45 G0T027
46 DRAW"C2;S8;BM72,4;BD1D1F1R3F1
D2G1 L3H 1 BU5E 1 R3F 1 BR4BU 1 ; D7U4R5NU
3D4 ; BR4BU7D6F 1R3E1 U6BR4NR5D3NR4D
4BR5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4BR5; BR4BU7D
7R5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4R5"
47 IF PEEK (339) =251 OR PEEK < 341)
=247 OR PEEK (342) =247 OR PEEK (34
3) =247 OR PEEK (344) =247 THEN 50
48 DRAW"C3; S8; BM72, 4; BD1D1F1R3F1
D2G 1 L3H 1 BU5E 1R3F1 BR4BU 1 ; D7U4R5NU
3D4 ; BR4BU7D6F 1 R3 E 1 U6BR4NR5D3NR4D
4BR5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4BR5; BR4BU7D
7R5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4R5 "
'THE ALTERNATIVE
COLOR COMPUTER
DISK SYSTEMS
% 449*« fl0 D r 200 K BYT
if
SS 549«
ROM SOFTWARE
80 TRACK
DRIVE
200 K BYTES
USER STORAGE
400 K BYTES
USER STORAGE
Jr I VVMKC INCLUDES; TC-99 Disk Controller W/CCMD 9 DOS
_ t Qrt ROM ■ AO Or 80 Track otik Gave * Power Supply *
r^r^nf riV.il nnc Ca5e ■ 2 Drive cable * 9 Disk utility Programs
: Lompatioie uub , CCEDT9 Te)(t Editor . Disk y ext processor i
Manufactured Under License From Tall Grass Technologies
Editor / Assembler CO-RES9
CO-RES9 is a Co-resident Editor/Assembler that
will allow you to create, edit and assemble
machine language programs for the cg>lcr c$r%iy
puter. it will quickly. ^(Jswflll^^^n^i^
assembly language .c 0^<^i^ife^||p.^nG^<^ lWf^ code
fljes^t witfoutftul rttaeirie otsjecttbde to either .
cassett0i%>e ii^t'lTODM^ compatible farnpat gr|..f
dteffiv'td memory for direct«xeo#&f|%!
, ..i^ifMIC.. . H il l
CO-RES9 editor /ls^i|rt^pe ^ " 1
0 \p||^ai lg. 7:. . ^sftss: $29.95
l^|i#i)(TOR & ASSEMBLER Disk
w/manual z$2&9^ $49.95
, "The Profession
3>f
-^j-V-
> %ipgr^mmabje Footer
• Right Justify Line
• Multiple Footnotes
• Three, indent M*wfes1|
•:^7|tt'€SS%i^ramj^bJi? Headers
• rein ftrb^rammapie ^tafr stops
*. : ??Maj^n jjiustification
LelFt & Right
• Decimal Align, Center, Left &
Right Justify on Tab Column
• Display & input from Keyboard
• change Formatting During
Processing
Ofcessor"
TEXT EDITOR FEATURES
Single Keystrpjc^f*
Wpen&Ptfas Ipftt Tape otBis*
F^ly inte^t|$^£*fte
rat or Process Fries Larger
Than Memory
(No conversion Required) Fully
asc 11 compatible
Full Featured Line Oriented
Screen Editor
Search and Replace Any
Character Pattern
Copy, Move or Delete Lines
or Blocks of Text
Edit Basic, Text or Assembler
Files
TEXT PRO 11 Features Over 70 commands in All. Disk ... $79.95
TERMINAL PACKAGE
Full Text Buffering
Terminal Baud Rates 300 To 9600 Baud
Automatic word wrap Eliminates Split words
Full/Half Duplex
Automatic File Capture
Programmable Word Length, Parity & Stop Bits
Automatic Buffer Size At Memory Limit
Save & Load Text Buffer To Tape Or Disk
Send Files Directly From Buffer Or Disk
Full Disk Support For Disk version
Printer Baud Rates 110-4800
Send Control codes From Keyboard ffrv
ASCII compatible File Format rainbow
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89110
• Display On Screen or Output Contents Of Buffer
To Printer
we also have a disk version available called "DISKPACK."
it includes all the commands mentioned plus com-
mands for disk control. They include: Disk Load, Disk
Save, Directory, Send Disk File and Kill Disk File. As usual
all files are Basic Compatible ASCII formatted files
which are also compatible with our Text Editor and
word Processor programs.
Datapack on tape w/manual S24.95
Diskpack for R.s. disk w / manual $a9.95
Diskpack for CCMD 9 w/manual $39.95
(702) 152-0632
All Orders Shipped
From Stock
Add $2.50
Postage
49 IF PEEK (339)0251 AND PEEK (34
1)<>247 AND PEEK (342) <>247 AND P
EEK (343)0247 AND PEEK (344) <>247
THEN 46
50 RETURN
51 PAINT (( (X16-l)*50) +32, ( (Y16-1
)*40)+32) ,2, 3: RETURN
52 PAINT (( (X16-l)*50) +32, ( (Y16-1
)*40)+32) ,4, 3: RETURN
53 T I MER=0
54 M=1:G0SUB46
55 IF PEEK (339) =251 THEN 108
ZT=ZT+1
IF PEEK (341) =247 THEN 62
IF PEEK (342) =247 THEN 75
59 IF PEEK ( 343 ) =247 THEN 68
60 IF PEEK ( 344 ) =247 THEN 81
61 G0T054
62 IF Y16=4 THEN SOUND 100, 1 : GOTO
54
63 G0SUB51
64 A(X16,Y16)=A(X16, Y16+1)
65 X=X16:Y=Y16:G0SUB26
66 Y16=Y16+l:G0SUB52
67 G0T087
68 IF X16=4 THEN SOUND 1 00, 1 : GOTO
54
69 G0SUB51
Co Co - Cooler &
• Brings operating
temperature
to ambient,
regardless
of
accessory
load
• Reduces temperature
of ENTIRE computer . . .
not just the SAM chip
• Easy 1-minute installation
Companion Keyboard Cover $7.95
Co Co Software
• Send For Free Catalog • For Fastest Service
Send Money Order Or Certified Check • Add
$2.00 Shipping Charge Per Order • Calif.
Residents Add 6*A% Sales Tax • All Merchandise
Shipped From Stock •
$39. 95
70 A(X16, Y16)=A(X16+1, Y16)
71 X=X16: Y=Y16:G0SUB26
72 X16=X16+l:G0SUB52
73 G0T087
74 END
75 IF Y16=l THEN SOUND 1 00, 1 : GOTO
54
76 G0SUB51
77 A(X16, Y16)=A(X16, Y16-1) *
78 X=X16: Y=Y16:G0SUB26
79 Y 1 6=Y 1 6- 1 : G0SUB52
80 G0T087
81 IF X16=l THEN SOUND 1 00, 1 : GOTO
54
82 G0SUB51
83 A(X16,Y16)=A(X16-1,Y16)
84 X=X16:Y=Y16:G0SUB26
85 X16=X16-l:G0SUB52
86 G0T087
87 IF A(l,l)=l AND A (2,1) =2 AND
A(3,l)=3 AND A(4,l)=4 AND A (1,2)
=5 AND A(2,2)=6 AND A(3,2)=7 AND
A (4, 2) =8 AND A (1,3) =9 AND A (2,3
)=10 AND A(3,3)=ll AND A(4,3)=12
AND A(l,4)=13 AND A(2,4)=14 AND
A(3,4)=15 THEN 89
88 G0T054
89 WN=TIMER:CLS(RND(8) >
90 SC=l:FORQ=lTO10
91 SCREEN1,SC
92 PLAY S*
93 IF SC=1 THEN SC=0:GOTO95
94 SC=1
95 NEXT Q
96 PRINT@99," YOU COMPLETED THE
PUZZLE ";
97 PRINTS138," IN" ; ZT; "MOVES ";
98 SC=1
99 SQ=INT(WN/60) : MQ=INT (SQ/60) :S
Q=SQ-MQ*60
100 IF MQ=0 THEN 102
101 PRINTS170, MQ;"MIN. AND";SQ;
"SEC. " ;: GOTO 103
102 PRINTS170, SQ;"SEC";
103 PRINTS481, "PRESS Y TO TRY AG
AIN. N TO END";
104 I*=INKEY*:IF 1*="" THEN 104
105 IF I*="Y" THEN M=0 : CLS ( RND ( 8
) > IPRINTS200, " RESTARTING ";:TIM
ER=0 : ZT=0 : GOTO 1 2
106 IF I*<>"N" THEN104
107 CLS (RND (8) >:PRINT@203, "T.T.F
.N. "; :PRINT@448, "BYE-BYE"; : P0KE6
5494 , 0 : NEW
108 CLS(RND(8> >:PRINT@102, " YOU
GAVE UP AFTER " ; : PRINTS138, ZT; "M
OVES AND "; :WN=TIMER:G0T098
109 PCLEAR2:G0T09
L
REM Industries, Inc.
9420 "B" LurlineAve., Chatsworth, CA91311
(213)341-3719 J
200 the RAINBOW July 1983
Software Revie
Stock Option Strategies
For Experienced Traders
Stock options — Ah, visions of gleaming Rolls Royces, a
seaside hideaway in the Caribbean, and me sipping rum
drinks with bits of tropical fruit floating in them. All this and
more drifted through my mind as I gazed at the Slock
Option Strategies cassette in my hand.
Stock options offer the potential of immense gains for
relative small investments, they also havea darkerside — the
possibility of sudden and complete loss of your investment.
Thequestion was would this program and my trusty 80-C
be able to guide me around the pitfalls of sudden loss and to
a life of ease and plenty which I so justly deserve?
Tm sad to report that this review is being typed into my
CoCo in the somewhat cluttered office of my home, instead
of overlooking blue waters with a tanned companion at my
side.
Advertising for the Stock Option Strategies program
states that the program allows you to devise your own stock
option strategies. Alas, the program did not allow me to do
so. The problem lies more with the documentation than the
program.
Program documentation only consists of a % page
xeroxed copy of typed instructions. Assumptions are made
that the user is familiar with all the terminology of buying
stock options, how they work and where to find the neces-
sary information.
For instance, if you know what a strike price is, you're
OK, if not, forget it, Charlie. The only hint as to where to
find necessary information is a reference advising you to
consult the Wall Street Journal.
A common mistake has been made by the author in
asuming that the user has a working knowledge of the
specific activities associated with the program. The program
makes sense to the author, so it must be fine. Testing the
program with end users of ter leads to adding needed addi-
tional explanations and instructions.
Documentation on a program of this type should include
an explanation of how stock options are traded and a com-
plete and concise set of definitions for all requested
INPUTS.
Instructions on how to "test run" a few examples to
familarize yourself with the programs operation should also
be included so that the user can become comfortable with
the program before taking a plunge with more than monop-
oly money. The single paragraph explanation of the mecha-
nisms involved in stock option trading is just not enough.
The program itself does not offer the "bells and whistles"
one expects from a professionally marketed, business-
oriented program. The frills, like a colorful title page, are
missing, but more important options, like saving your data
and results todisk ortapefor later retrieval, or printingyour
data on a printer, are also missing.
The program has a routine which graphs future stock
prices in color and shows the resultant gains and losses.
Overall, the detail and presentation of Stock Option
Strategies is not what I would expect from a tape available
from a mailorder software marketer.
Greentree Software has missed regarding their target
aud ience. In its existingform, it is most usable only by those
now actively involved in stock option trading. I cannot
recommend this program to those interested in learning
about stock options before investing. As mentioned before,
the problem lies more with incomplete documentation than
the program itself.
Stock Option Strategies requires J6X.
(Greentree Software, P.O. Box 97, Greenwood, IN 46142,
$14.95)
—Bruce Rothermel
Hint
Saving In ASCII
When you SAVE programs, CoCo can perform this
function in two ways, by using binary codes or actual letters
and numbers (called ASCII and pronounced AS-KEY).
Although it takes longer, ASCII sometimes is a more
accurate way to SAVEa program, especially when you may
be transferring programs between systems — say from a disk-
based to a cassette-based system.
To SAVE in ASCII, simple add a comma and an "A" to
the end of your SAVE instruction, like this: CSAVE
"PROGRAM", A and the ASCII SAVE will be done by
CoCo.
★ ★ CoCo T-SHIRTS ★ *
HANES QUALITY — TAN WITH COLORFUL GRAPHICS
GREAT FOR INDIVIDUALS AND CLUBS
SIZES. SM, MED, LG, XLG CHILDS 10/12, 14/16
PRICES: $6.95 EA. OR 2-5 AT $6.50 EA.,
6-11 AT $6.25 EA., OR 12 & UP AT $5.95 EA.
SPECIFY QUANTITY AND SIZE WHEN ORDERING
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
CoConut Products
6400 N.W. 34th AVE., FT. LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA 33309
SEND $1.00 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING
July 1983 the RAINBOW 201
Memory
Brain Strain With Schmaltz
By Jim Schmidt
Memory is several things at once. Obviously, it's a game.
But it isalso something of a memory trainer. Based on sound
research, the concepts it uses are valid and real. It remains to
be seen, however, if the memory improvement one seems to
experience will last.
The use of simple ASCII character graphics along with
sound, and care taken in the borders of the instructions give
added interest, 1 hope, to the program.
All of us have purchased programs that perform quite
well in their functions, but have such minor imperfections as
misspelled words, words broken on the screen, vague
instructions, and endless black text on green. It seems that
having gotten the program to run properly, the programmer
quits! Not much (if any) thought is given to packaging and
eye appeal.
Memory is perhaps the other extreme. I normally would
not load up sucha simplegame withas much gingerbread. It
was done primarily to illustrate some of the things that can
be done quite easily.
SPECTRAN
— SPECTACULATOR TO ASCII —
— ASCII TO SPECTACULATOR —
RAINBOW
Use Your Word Processing Program
To Include Spectacul ator Tables In Your
Reports
Run Spec tacul ator On Data Files Created
Outside Of Spectacu 1 ator
Spectran is a easy to use program for unleashing the
power of Disk Spec t acul ator . ML makes it quick. Works
with ASCII compatible WP programs on 16K or 32K Disk
systems. Use spreadsheet tables in your reports. Use
downloaded data in Spectaculator . Easy to follow manual
with examples. On diskette for *25. 00 postpaid.
DISK UTILILTY PACKAGE
DIRDUPL -
Simple program for protecting
bombed diskettes.
and restoring many
DISKLOOK -
— > Disk utility program to examine and change
data bytes on diskettes.
— > File analysis.
— > List granules allocated to a disk file.
— > Alter Directory contents.
-> Simultaneous listing of diskette data contents
in ASCII and HEX formats.
— > User friendly.
The DISK UTILITY PACKAGE including DIRDUPL, DISKLOOK,
and manuals on diskette for SlS.00 postpaid.
INTRODUCTORY OFFER!
For a limited time, if you order Spectran at $25.00 we
will include the DISK UTILITY PACKAGE and manuals at no
extra cost. Now that's a bargain!
CRIMSON SOFTWARE
The RESEARCH ASSOCIATES Group
32 Beverly Heights
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35404
Regardless of what program you're working on, 1 don't
think it ever hurts to throw in a little schmaltz!
Memory is one of three programs on the Rainbow
'Record. 'See page 146.
For those with I6K.
machines, a PCLEAR I
will be needed prior to
CLOADing to provide
enough free memory to
load the program.
The listing:
30 0049
150.... 01CB
480 05A6
760 08D4
920 0B98
1100 ... 0E71
1260 ...111B
1440
1620
1770
2040
3055 .
11500
END ,
13D3
16B5
. 1922
1C8D
. 1FEE
22A9
. 25F3
10 ' THE MEMORY BUILDER
20 * A LEARNING GAME BY
30 * JIM SCHMIDT
40 ' 196 A ARLENE CT.
50 ' WHEELING, IL.
60 ' 60090
62 CLS0
63 POKE280, PEEK (275)
64 CLEAR 1000
65 GOSUB 10000
67 GOTO30000
70 GOSUB 1980
80 ' ENTRY FOR RERUN
90 CLS0
100 GOSUB2200: PRINT© 128, 11 MAN
T INSTRUCTIONS? - < Y/N) " : POKE1 15
2,DB:P0KE1183,DB
110 A*=INKEY*:IF A*="" THEN 110
120 IF A*="Y" THEN GOSUB 750
1 30 CLS0 : GOSUB2200 : PR I NT© 1 28 , "
NUMBER OF STRINGS (1-9)": POKE
1 152, DB: POKE 1 183, DB
140 AI*=INKEY*: IF AI*="" THEN 140
(Mr. Schmidt is a professional in data processing.
Currently, he is a Senior System A nalyst and special-
izes in financial I business software and systems develop-
ment.)
202
the RAINBOW July 1983
NOW THE DEST IS
EVEN BETTER!
MASTER CONTROL II
from Soft Sector Marketing
The best doesn't always cost more and
MASTER CONTROL is a good example. What
would you be willing topay for a program that
would cut your typing time by more than 50%
and eliminate hours of debugging because
you misspelled acommandword? Forexample
the command STRINGS(requires nine strokes,
with MASTER CONTROL II you only require
two strokes. Just hit the down arrow key twice
and it's done, and no mistakes. That is just one
of the 50 pre-programmed commands avail-
able to you. If that isn't enough you also have
the ability tocustomizeyour own key toentera
statement or command, correctly, automatically
every time. But thats not all, how about auto-
matic line numbering. Just enter the starting
number and the increment you want and
MASTER CONTROL II will do it for you. You
also have direct control of MOTOR, AUDIO
and TRACE plus a direct RUN key. Sounds
great? Well thousand of color computer owners
have been enjoying these features for years.
But now the new MASTER CONTROL II also
has the following features:
* New plastic overlay that can be removed
when you are not using MASTER
CONTROL II.
* New documentation, to help you get the
most from the program.
* New repeating keyboard.
* New-now loads to disk with appropriate
disk commands.
List price $19.95
Introductory price
88
Plus $2.50 Shipping & Handling
SAVE A BUCK...Order the NANOS Color
Basic and Extend pocket card with your
MASTER CONTROL II and you get this $4.95
value for only $3.95 extra. (NANOS pocket
card not sold separately.)
166
PAGES
only
S14.95
plus 12.50
shipping
FOR THE
COLOR
COMPUTE*'
A MU5T DOOK
for the
Color
computer
owner!
Schematics
*
Spec
Sheets
CoCo
ZWalehousa
SPECIALS
DONKEY KING
by Tom Mix Software
Exciting sound-Realistic graphics. Never
before have you seen a game like thisforyour
CoCo. Four graphic screens just like the
actual arcade games.
Requires 32K TAPE...J19.95
IFYOU DON'T HAVE 32KORDERTHE RAM
SLAM. THIS SIMPLE KIT TO UPGRADE
YOURCOCO TAKES LESSTHAN 30 MINUTES
TO INSTALL, NO SOLDERING REQUIRED...
only $49.95
KEYS of the
WIZARD
By Spectral Associates
Keys of the Wizard is a fast-
action, Machine language ad-
venture game filled with tricks,
traps, treasures and creatures
all of which are randomized at
the beginning of each adven-
ture so that no adventure will
ever be exactly the same. Three
different skill levels to choose
from. Cassette only.
Reg. $1$.$5 .. $16.95
MAGIC BOX
By Spectral Associates
Magic Box is a special pur-
pose utility designed to load
TRS-80 Model I and III 50
Baud Basic programs into the
Color Computer. Makes avail-
able a wide selection of soft-
ware. Magic Box DOES NOT
convert Machine language pro-
grams. Requires 16 K Extended
BASIC.
Reg. $24.^5 ...... $21.95
DOODLE DUG
by Computerwore
You must hustle your lady bug through an
intricate maze of barriers and turnstiles, while
trying toearn pointsby eating all the dots, letters
and hearts. Enemy bugs buzz after you and
you must avoid the skulls! Exquisite sound
adds to the excitement. A must game for any-
one who enjoys fun and a challenge.
Cosserre...$21.21
ORDER YOUR COPY TODAY!
The first document to provide information that will
allowthe usertotakeadvantage of all thefeaturesof
the Color Computer. Aimed at the machine language
user.
The FACTS attempts to explain, and describes in
detail, how the user can make use of the computers
internal features. Divided into two sections: Hardware
and software; the primary emphasis is on hardware
capabilities and circuits. Provides detailed explan-
ations of all the internal large scale integrated
circuits.
WRITE FOR OUR CATALOG
SEND ORDERS TO
500 N. Dobson • Westland, Ml 46185
Phone C0 13) 722-7957
KATERPILLAR ATTACK by Tom Mix Soft-
ware. Katerpillar is a fast-paced arcade game
Machine language. Requires joysticks.
Cassette only . $24.95
GHOST GOBBLER by Spectral Associates
This is an excellent version of the popular
arcade game of PAC-MAN. You control
maze with the right joystick. Requires Ex-
tended BASIC.
Cassette only $21.95
WAR KINGS by Tom Mix Software
Shield your castle from cannonball attacks
and deflect them towards your opponent's
castle. Machine language, Ext BASIC. Re-
quires joysticks.
Cassette only $19.95
HAYWIRE by Mark Data
Have fun zapping robots with fast paced
action combined with dynamite sound effects
and super Hi- Res graphics. For one or two
players.
Cassette only $24.95
GALAX ATT AX by Spectral Associates
Under a constant barrage of enemy fire you
protect your ground base by shooting alien
fighters. Use the right joystick to control the
motion of your ship and right fire button to
fire.
Cassette only $21.95
BATTLEFLEET by Spectral Associates
This grown-up version of Battleship is the
toughest thinking game available. There is
no luck involved as you seek out the com-
puters hidden fleet.
Cassette only , , $14.95
CAVE HUNTER by Mark Data Products
Fast-paced action for the Color Computer
Super Hi-Res graphics, dynamite sound ef-
fects. This game will astonish you with its
detail and quality.
Cassette only . $24.95
SPACE TRADERS by Spectral Associates
Space Traders is a fast moving galactic trading
game for the Color Computer. Requires Ext.
BASIC.
Cassette only . $14.95
TYPING TUTOR
This personal typing teacher allows you to
learn at your own pace whether a beginner or
just a little rusty. 1 6K
Cassette-,* 19.95
HOW TO ORDER BY MAIL: For prompt and courteous shipment, SEND MONEY ORDER, CERTIFIED CHECK,
CASHIERS CHECK, MASTERCARD/VISA (include card number, inter-bank No., expiration date and signature)
PERSONAL AND BUSINESS CHECKS MUST CLEAR OUR BANK BEFORE PROCESSING. Shipping and packaging
charge of $2.50 minimum must be added to all orders in continental U.S. (Canadian order $5.00 minimum) Michigan
residents include 4% sales tax 10% deposit required on C.O.D. orders.
1 50 S0UND234 , 1 : A= VAL < A I * )
160 IF A=0 THEN PRINT"
CAN'T BE ZER0":S0UND7,7:F0R L0=1
TO 100: NEXT: GOTO 130
165 I FA >5THENPR I NT "
1 70 CLS0 : GOSUB2200 : PR I NT@ 1 28 , "
LENGTH OF STRINGS <l-9> " : POK
E1152,DB:P0KE1183,DB
180 BI*=INKEY*: IFBI*="" THEN 180
1 90 S0UND234 , 1 : B-VAL < B I * )
200 IF B-0 THEN PRINT"
CAN'T BE ZER0":S0UND7,7:F0R LO-1
TO 100: NEXT: GOTO 170
210 CLS0: GOSUB2200 : PR I NTS 1 28 , "
DIFFICULTY LEVEL <TIME>< l-5>" : PO
KE1152,DB:P0KE1183,DB
220 CI*-INKEY*: IF CI*-"" THEN 22
0
230 S0UND234 , 1 : C- V AL ( C I * )
240 IF C=0 THEN PRINT"
CAN'T BE ZERO": S0UND7,7:F0R LO=l
TO 100: NEXT: GOTO 210
242 IF C>5 THEN PRINT" YOU
MUST BE KIDDING! !! " : S0UND7 , 7 : FOR
LO=1TD100:NEXT:GOTO210
250 C=900/C
260 GOSUB 330
PRESS SPACE BAR
Introducing - MORE Quality Software by MSI.
Featuring * COLOR FINANCE for the Color
Computer - 32k Ext. Disk req'd. $59.95
Features include:
User Friendly - No programming knowledge
required
Fully documented/Easy to use
Maintain up to 21 Asset, 21 Liability,
and 54 Expense Accounts
Print Options (Account Statements, Budgets,
Trial Balance, & MORE!)
Backup/Restore To Cassette Tape
Large 42 x 32 screen display
Sample Session Included for Fast and Easy
Instruction.
ONLY $59.95
^^^^^^^^ exclusively from
Delker Electronics, Inc.
*
*
DELKER
(Dealer Inquiries welcome)
Delker Electronics, Inc.
P.O. Box 897
Dept D
Smyrna, TN 37167
800-251-5008
615-459-2636 (Tennessee)
270 CLS0
280 PRINTS32, "
WHEN READY"
290 PR I NTS 140, "ready ??"
292 PRINTS 148, STRING* (11, CHR* ( 14
4) > :P0KE1183, 144:P0KE1169, 144
300 GOSUB2200
310 A*»INKEY*:IF A*-"" THEN 310
320 GOTO 490
330 NO*-"Y":GOSUB9000:DIM AA* (A)
:DIM ZZ*(A)
340 DATA A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H, I, J,K,L
,M,N,0,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z
350 FOR I»1T0A
360 FOR K=1T0B
370 D»RND<26)
380 FOR J=1T0D
390 READ BB*
400 NEXT
410 RESTORE
420 AA* < I ) =AA* < I ) +BB*
430 PR I NTS 128-32, "PLEASE WAIT...
It
440 S0UND234, 1
450 PRINT8128, "I'M GETTING MY ST
UFF TOGETHER. "
460 NEXT: NEXT
470 RETURN
480 CLS
490 FOR L=1T0A
493 PRINTS224, ">»»»»>"
500 PRINT@235,AA*(L)
503 PRINTS246, "<«<<<<<<<"
510 FOR M=1T0C:NEXT
515 S0UND245, 1
516 PRINTS225, STRING* < 30, 255)
520 NEXT
530 SOUND 200, l:SOUND200, 1
540 CLS0:PRINT" ANSWER TI
ME ! ! ! ! "
550 PRINT "ENTER STRINGS ONE AT
A TIME AND < ENTER > AFTER EACH"
560 FORAZ=lTOA
570 INPUTZZ*(AZ)
580 IF AA*(AZ) ><ZZ*(AZ) THENGOSU
B9000 : SOUND 1 34 , 7 : S0UND2 , 24 : PR I NT
"YOU MISSED IT. . . ":PRINT"YOU ENT
ERED ";ZZ*(AZ>;" SHOULD BE "AA*(
AZ) :R-R+l:GOTO 690
590 NEXT
600 GOSUB 9000
610 PRINTS96, " ALL STRINGS ARE
CORRECT !!!!!"
620 SOUND 69, 2: SOUND 111,9
630 SOUND 69, 2: SOUND 111,9
640 SC=<A*2)+<B*3)+<VAL<CI*>*4>*
10
650 PRINTS 160, "YOUR SCORE IS ";S
C
660 PRINT""
204
the RAINBOW July 1983
READ THE FINE PRINT.
It's worth your time. This is good stuff.
SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
MACRO-BOC
This is a disk-based editor, macro assembler and
monitor, written for Color Computer by Andy Phelps.
THIS IS iT — The ultimate programming tooil
The powerful 2-pass macro assembler features condi-
tional assembly, local labels, Include files and cross
referenced symbol tables. Macro80C supports the
complete Motorola 6809 Instruction set in standard
source format. There are no changes, constraints or
shortcuts in the source language definition. Incor-
porating all of the features of our Rompack-based
assembler (SDS80C), MACRO-80C contains many
more useful Instructions and pseudo-ops which aid
the programmer and add power and flexibility.
The screen-oriented text editor Is designed for
efficient and easy editing of assembly language pro-
grams. The "Help Key" feature makes It simple and
fun to learn to use the editor. As the editor requires no
line numbers, you can use the arrow keys to position
the cursor anywhere In the file. Macro-80C allows
global changes and moving/copying blocks of text.
You can edit lines of assembly source which are
longer than 32 characters.
DCBUG is a machine language monitor which allows
examining and altering of memory, setting break
points, etc.
The editor, assembler and monitor — as well as
sample programs — come on one Radio Shack com-
patible disk. Extensive documentation included.
MACRO-BOC Price: $99.95
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
The Micro Works Software Development System
(SDS80C) Is a complete 6809 editor, assembler and
monitor package contained in one Color Computer
program pack! Vastly superior to RAM-based
assemblers/editors, the SDS80C is non-volatile,
meaning that If your application program bombs, It
can't destroy your editor/assembler. Plus It leaves
almost all of 16K or 32K RAM free for your program.
Since all three programs, editor, assembler and
monitor are co-resident, we eliminate tedious
program loading when going back and forth from edit-
ing to assembly and debugging!
The powerful screen-oriented Editor features finds,
changes, moves, copys and much more. All keys have
convenient auto repeat (typamatlc), and since no line
numbers are required, the full width of the screen
may be used to generate well commented code.
The Assembler fealures all of the following: complete
6809 instruction set; conditional assembly; local
labels; assembly to cassette tape or to memory;
listing to screen or printer; and mnemonic error codes
instead of numbers.
The versatile monitor is tailored for debugging pro-
grams generated by the Assembler and Editor. It
features examine/change of memory or registers, cas-
sette load and save, breakpoints and more. SDS80C
Price: $89.95
MICRO WORKS COLOR FORTH
• Forth Is faster to program in than Basic
• Forth Is easier to learn than Assembly Language
• Forth executes in less time than Basic
Forth is a highly interactive language like Basic, with
structure like Pascal and execution speed close to
that of Assembly Language. The Micro Works Color
Forth is a Rompack containing everything you need
to run Forth on your Color Computer.
Color Forth consists of the standard FORTH Interest
Group (FIG) Implementation of the language plus
most of FORTH-79. It has a super screen editor with
split screen display. Mass storage is on cassette.
Color Forth also contains a decompiler and other aids
for learning the Inner workings of this fascinating
language. It will run on 4K, 16K, and 32K computers.
Color Forth contains 10K of ROM, leaving your RAM
for your programs! There are simple words to effec-
tively use the Hl-Res Color Computer graphics, Joy-
sticks, and sound. The 112-page manual Includes a
glossary of the system-specific words, a full standard
FIG glossary and complete source listing. COLOR
FORTH . . . THE BESTI From the leader in Forth,
Talbot Microsystems. Price: $109.95
MICROTEXT: COMMUNICATIONS
VIA YOUR MODEM!
Make your Color Computer an intelligent printing
terminal with off-line storage! The Mlcrotext module
Is just what you'll need for:
— Talking to a tlmeshare system or Information
service
— Printing out what Is received as It Is received
— Saving received text to cassette tape
— Re-dlsplaylng the received text even while
on-line
— Communications with other computers
— Using your computer as a general-purpose
300-baud terminal
— Downloading programs from other computers
The Mlcrotext module is a program pack containing
not only firmware but a second serial port so that
both your printer and modem can be connected at the
same time. Mlcrotext can be configured for any serial
printer that will work with the Color Computer, even If
It requires line feedsl But even If you don't have a
printer, you can keep a permanent copy of your data
by storing to cassette tape. Also, any Radio Shack/
Centronics-compatible parallel printer may be used
by adding the Micro Works' PI80C parallel interface.
For those of you with special terminal applications,
Mlcrotext has selectable parity; it sends odd, even,
mark or space. With mark parity (which Is default) you
can send to computers requiring either seven or eight
bits. All 128 ASCii codes can be sent. Exchange pro-
grams with other Color Computer users! Basic pro-
grams may be downloaded from other computers or
timesharing systems.
You'll find many uses for this versatile module!
Available in ROMPACK, ready-to-use, for $59.95.
MACHINE LANGUAGE
MONITOR TAPE: A cassette tape which allows you to
directly access memory, I/O and registers with a
formatted hex display. Great for machine language
programming, debugging and learning. It can also
send/receive RS232 at up to 9600 baud, including
host system download/upload. 19 commands In all.
Relocatable and reentrant. CBUG Tape Price: $29.95
MONITOR ROM: The same program as above,
supplied in 2716 EPROM. This allows you to use the
entire RAM space. And you don't need to re-load the
monitoreach time you use It. The EPROM plugs Into
the Extended Basic ROM Socket or the Romless Pak
I. CBUG ROM Price: $39.95
SOURCE GENERATOR: This package Is a disas-
sembler which runs on the color computer and gener-
ates your own source listing of the BASIC Interpreter
ROM. Also Included Is a documentation package
which gives useful ROM entry points, complete
memory map, I/O hardware details and more. A 16K
system is required for the use of this cassette. 80C
Disassembler Price: $49.95
BOOKS
6809 Assembly Language Programming, by Lance
Leventhal, $16.95
TRS-80 Color Computer Graphics, by Don Inman,
$14.95
Assembly Language Graphics for the TRS-W Color
Computer, by Don Inman, $14.95
.Starting Forth, by L. Brodie, $19.95
GAMES
Star Blaster — Blast your way through an asteroid
field in this action-packed Hi-Res graphics game.
Available In ROMPACK; requires 16K. Price: $39.95
Pac Attack — Try your hand at this challenging game
by Computerware, with fantastic graphics, sound and
action! Cassette requires 16K. Price: $24.95
Haywire — Have fun zapping robots with this Hi-Res
game by Mark Data Products. Cassette requires 16K.
$24.95
Dunkey Munkey — Arcade excitement awaits those
who dare to conquer the Munkey! Joystick and 32K
required, by Intellectronics. Cassette: $24.95
Colorpede — Great graphics, two-player option, and
pause control In this exciting game by Intracolor
Communication. Cassette requires 16K: $29.95
Adventure — Black Sanctum and Calixto Island by
Mark Data Products. Each cassette requires 16K:
$19.95 each.
Cave Hunter — Experience vivid colors, bizarre
sounds and eerie creatures in hot pursuit as you wind
your way through a cave maze In search of gold
treasures. This exciting Hl-Res game by Mark Data
Products requires 16K for cassette version. $24.95
Starflre — Fly around the planet defending Earthlings
from being snatched up by aliens in this challenging
game from Intellectronics. Cassette requires 16K:
$21.95
Doodle Bug — Joystick-controlled Doodle Bugs must
move quickly through mazes while being chased by
enemy bugs In Hl-Res game by Computerware..
Cassette requires 16K: $24.95
Astro Blast — You'll need to act fast as you protect
Earth from wave after wave of alien Invaders In this
Hi-Res game by Mark Data. Cassette requires 16K^
$24.95
HARDWARE
PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE — Serial to parallel
converter allows use of all standard parallel printers.
PI80C plugs Into the serial output port, leaving your
Rompack slot free. You supply the printer cable. PI80C
Price: $69.95
MEMORY UPGRADE KITS: Consisting of 4116 200ns.,
Integrated circuits, with instructions for Installation.
4K-16K Kit Price: $39.95. 16K-32K Kit (requires
soldering experience) Price: $39.95. For Rev. level E,
ET, NC and TDP-100s, we carry 64K chips; upgrading is
easy! Eight prime 64K chips and Instructions: $64,95
Romless Packs fa your custom EPROMs — call or
write for Information.
n [ n\ MaslerChar{jre/Visa Accepted
/AJu U^£? I f yClOJ California residents add 6% lax.
ESOSS 3 P.O. BOX 111D. DEL MAR. CA 9201 4 [61 9) 942-2400
670 PRINTS224, "CONGRATUL
AT IONS ! "
680 GOTO 710
690 PRINT ,,,, :PRINT"PR06RESS IS...
CONT I NUOUSLY TRY ING. "
700 PRINT "DEFEAT IS... NOT TRY IN
6. "
710 PRINT""
720 PRINT"A6AIN7 <Y/N>"
730 S*«INKEY*:IF S*«"" THEN 730
740 IF S««"Y" THEN RUN 80 ELSE
GOTO 15000
745 END
750
760 CLS : CG* 1 : GOTO2200
765 PRINT" ***MEMOR Y *** "
766 GOSUB 8000
770 PRINT" IT HAS BEEN KNO
WN"
775 GOSUB 8010
780 PRINT" FOR SOME TIME THA
T"
785 GOSUB 8020
790 PRINT" WHAT WE CALL MEMO
RY"
795 GOSUB 8030
800 PRINT" IS REALLY TWO VER
Y"
805 GOSUB 8040
810 PRINT" DIFFERENT FUNCTIO
NS."
DISK ZIPPER
COLOR DISK UTILLITY PACKAGE
A MENU DRIVEN SYSTEM DISK CONTAINING :
ERROR CRASHLESS BACKUP - DUAL AND SINGLE DRIVE
WRITE OR READANY SECTOR : CHECK DISK FOR ERRORS
PAGE DISK THROUGH ANY PMODE WINDOW IN COLOR
DUMP DISK IN HEX OR ASC 1 1 - PRINTER SUPORTED
LOAD ML TAPE TO DISK RELOCATES UNLOADABLES
WITH COMPLETE MANUAL • REOS3CK RS DISK
ONLY 24.B5
ARCADE - CONTROLS/
WICO WADE JOYSTICK INTERFACE: TWIN STICKS'
ALLOWS ANY TWO JOYSTICKS TO WORK ON THE
COLOR COMPUTER: ONLY1S.S5
ACC-U-FIRE PADDELS/ ATARI*--TYPE GAME PADDELS PLUG INTO COLOR -
COMPUTE RJOR IMPROVING SCORES? WORKS ON HOR. & VERT. GAMES.
HARDWARE!
ROMPACK EXTENDER :PUT YOUR DISKPACK
WHERE YOU WANT IT: 3 FEET LONG
QUALITY CABLE ONLY 2*7.0 0
GREEN -PHOSPHER ADAPTER / NOW PRINT GREEN ON BLACK SCREEN'
ALL HARDWARE. NO SOFTWARE.' NO SOLDERING/ ANDONLY $19.95.'
WORKS ON ANY TV: SMALL BOARD GOES ON THE
RF SHIELD: ONLY THREE WIRE CLIPS
EPROM PROGRAMING! SK.4K.BK BYTES
WE WILL PROGRAM YOUR EPROM FOR B.O O
SEND US ONE OF YOUR GAME PACKS AND WE WILL PUT YOUR
PROGRAM IN IT FOR OlMLYEO-OO
CALL OR WRITE FOR OETAILB
YOU C AIM PRINT VIOTEX FROM ROMPACK
WICO COMMAND CONTROL STICK BflOO OUR SOFTWARE ALLOWS YOU TO
WICO REDBALL STICK 3400
WICO TRACKBALL 6 BOO
ATARI" JOYSTICKS $6.95/
WE CARRY TOM-MIX & MARK- DATA.
ZAXXON"DATASOFT 34.85 MICRO ~ Dl V. Toledo.Ohlo 43612
450 W. LASKEY
PRINT OFF LINE FROM VIDTEX
WITH SERIAL Y CABLE : 29.05
WITHOUT CABLE: <>.05
DONKEY KING $24.95
PROTECTORS 24.95
ASTRO BLAST 24.95
SPACE RAIDERS 24.95
MOON-LANDER E.B. 19.95
HAYWIRE - 24.95
1-419- 476-6282
ASK FOR MICRO- DIV.
C.O.D. Credit Card
orders accepted/add$2.00 shipping
815 GOSUB 8050
820 PRINT" CALLED SHORT TERM
AND"
825 GOSUB 8060
830 PRINT" LONG TERM MEMORY,
II
835 GOSUB 8070
840 PRINT" TWO ABILITIES CAN
NOT"
845 GOSUB 8080
850 PRINT" ONLY BE TRAINED,
BUT "
855 GOSUB 8090
860 PRINT" CAN ACTUALLY BE M
ADE TO"
865 GOSUB 8100
870 PRINT" ACHIEVE SOME VERY
II
875 GOSUB 8110
880 PRINT" REMARKABLE RESULT
S IF"
885 GOSUB 8120
890 PRINT" YOU ARE MILLING T
0 TRY. "
895 GOSUB 8130
900 PRINT" <ANY KEY > "
905 GOSUB 8140
915 GOSUB 8150
920 GL*-INKEY*: IF GL*="" THEN 92
0
930 CLS: PRINT" " : CG-2: GOTO2200
940 PRINT" IT IS NOT A MA
TTER "
945 GOSUB 8000
950 PRINT" OF INTELLIGENCE.
WE "
955 GOSUB 8010
960 PRINT" ALL HAVE THE NECE
SSARY"
965 GOSUB 8020
970 PRINT" EQUIPMENT. IT IS
II
975 GOSUB 8030
980 PRINT" MOSTLY A MATTER O
F "
985 GOSUB 8040
990 PRINT" EFFORT AND TRAINI
NG. "
995 GOSUB 8050
1000 PRINT" HOW MUCH EFFORT
IS, "
1005 GOSUB 8060
1010 PRINT" OF COURSE, UP TO
YOU. "
1015 GOSUB 8070
1020 PRINT" THE MORE YOU TRY
THE "
1025 GOSUB 8080
1030 PRINT" BETTER YOUR MEMO
RY WILL "
206
the RAINBOW July 1983
Introducing . . .
New! From the Programmer's Guild
TM
The Ultimate Arcade Challenge!
New from Arcade Master Charles Forsythe!
The most original game ever produced!
16 levels of breath taking action!
Up to 6 players in competition!
Keyboard or joystick control.
Runs on any 16K TRS-80 color or TDP 100.
Guide your Ninja through boulders, fire, pitfalls, flaming
meteors, and Ninja masters to attain the ultimate
achievement in — NINJA GRANDMASTER!
WH1A WAWOft
TM is the single most difficult arcade
game ever written!
Exciting— Frustrating— Difficult— Impossible — your skill will tell the tale.
HWA WAftftiOK
— for those who would face
TTsfl
the ultimate arcade challenge
TO WIN OR DIE!
$29.95 cassette
Free Shipping
VISA MASTERCARD
THE PROGRAMMER'S GUILD
P.O. BOX 66
PETERBOROUGH, NH 03458
or Call (603) 924-6065 for COD—
AND GET "FREE" SHIPPING ANYWHERE ON THE
PLANET EARTH OR HER COLONIES
GET. YOUR SHORT
103S BOSUB 8090
1040 PRINT "
TERM"
1045 BOSUB 8100
1050 PRINT" MEMORY IS THE ON
E THAT"
1055 BOSUB 8110
1060 PRINT" CAN MOST BE IMPR
OVED. "
1065 BOSUB 8120
1070 PRINT" <ANY KEY>"
1075 GOSUB 8130
1077 GOSUB 8140
1080 GOSUB 8150
1090 BL*= I NKE Y* : IFGL*=" " THEN 10
90
1100 CLS:PRINT"":CB»3:BOTO2200
1110 PRINT " BY UTILIZINS
ONE "
1115 BOSUB 8000
1120 PRINT" OF THE FAVORITE
TRAININS"
1125 BOSUB 8010
1130 PRINT" METHODS USED BY
THE"
1135 BOSUB 8020
1140 PRINT" RESEARCHERS IN T
AUTO-DIALER
BY SOUNDWORKS
AUTOMATIC PHONE DIALER
g) ULTRA HIGH SPEED DIALING AND
REDIALING
^ STORE OVER 50 NUMBERS
Gf no modem required
fif NO TONE SERVICE NEEDED
gf SIMPLE HOOK-UP
Sf ADAPTABLE TO ANY PHONE
S) 16K EXTENDED REQUIRED
CASSETTE ♦24.95 OISK) 34.95
Soundworlcs Productions
26 EAST 7th STREET
PATCH OGUE,NEW YOR K 11772
M.V S.IIUMNII' ADD 7. 15% TAX
ww w
HIS "
1145 BOSUB 8030
1150 PRINT"
II
1155 BOSUB 8040
1160 PRINT"
SROUP"
1165 GOSUB 8050
1170 PRINT"
YOU"
1175 BOSUB 8060
1180 PRINT"
IMPROVE "
1185 BOSUB 8070
1190 PRINT"
AR AS"
1195 BOSUB 8080
1200 PRINT"
TO BO. "
1205 BOSUB 8090
1210 PRINT"
E SOME"
1215 BOSUB 8100
1220 PRINT"
LE YOU"
1225 BOSUB 8110
1230 PRINT"
FIELD, THE TIMED
SEQUENCE / RANDOM
LETTERS METHOD,
CAN POTENTIALLY
YOUR MEMORY AS F
YOU ARE WILLING
AND, YOU CAN HAV
FUN DOINB IT WHI
CHART YOUR PROGR
<ANY KEY>"
1235 GOSUB 8120
1240 PRINT"
1245 GOSUB SI 30
1246 GOSUB 8140
1250 GOSUB 8150
1260 GL*-INKEY*: IFGL**"" THEN 12
60
1270 CLS:PRINT CG=4:GOTO2200
1280 PRINT"
WILL"
1285 GOSUBS000
1290 PRINT"
THIS PROGRAM
PROVIDE YOU WITH
II
1295 GOSUB8010
1300 PRINT"
TRINGS"
1305 GOSUB8020
1310 PRINT"
S AT"
1315 GOSUBS030
1320 PRINT"
YOU"
1325 GOSUB8040
1330 PRINT"
TH AND"
1335 GOSUB8050
1340 PRINT"
CAN"
1345 GOSUB8060
1350 PRINT"
R OF"
1355 GOSUB8070
VARYING LENGTH S
OF RANDOM LETTER
VARYING SPEEDS.
CONTROL THE LENG
YOU ALSO
SELECT THE NUMBE
208
the RAINBOW July 1983
I I I I 1,1 ■
1 * ■ '.'.L 1 /.*. 1
■v:v;:xv:v::/:-:::-:'X;;;X;--- l>Jiil ' ■'■ - >
Xv,^'-'*v.v,\vAv.w.-. r .v.v,
'M'Mv. v*'.-. v . v, v, V-'.'.'.*. v.
v " v!" ( , i% , * , .'.'iV,' l , J '. , . , .'. , . , * , .'i
v^\v-v,v.v,\v.v»Vi\w.-.
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if .'/.^ ^Vb3S^v> -Xv.v.v^.v.vv.v.v,%\v bV.v.-.'.v-
1 h ■^^P^P^^tTl^lZ?-^ ^JAfc + 1 " " » " " b b b b I- ■ ■ .111 bbbb-bll-l*'
...ll-B-bhh* M , " ^^^■^■^^—^ . . . . . . .. T ., + »fb.bbbl-*lill . F
. ♦. >. ■-■ .s%h ■ f" v. v .T^M^ppp^f. .> h ,- H > .< . ■.■ .v.*. v. v. v*v -■-
|'» »»BrB-aall-«F"""'"' i 1 * 1
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■ ■ 4 + V ■ K + * * ■ * ■ .
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— ■ p p r P + + L ■■ ■ ■
-JJJLBJIBBI
■-■■ ■■rl ■ + «■
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1 1 -1 + ■■■ J ■
p : J, >. ■ k m ■ ■ j
■ q < I I P f I
I f, m j J. m p -r ■■ p
i. j i p p 1 ■ II ' '
_t ii 4 *• L T %""l "l '
m 4 '
k u u m m * I J I ■
-fchhl"1 ■■'
■ p E.IHBq + K1
■ ■
P ■
p> 1 p> pl ■ I
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a.ja.BBKBB44-PhBP' a P*
i 11 !. Il # *. ■# |p' kV * ■ 4 ■■, ¥ , P '.T. 1 *
•.■i«tpb14«-P"*«-"""' p^"-^P »
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»■■■■»*■^+-■*•■■ , ■■ , *
, _ , ■j.unj.rpjpj-iTBi l
. ■ ■ ■ ■ i ■ p 4 p h h 1 LB
■ i ■* i ■ I I h
■'I h"J ■ h ■ _
• WRITTEN IN MACHINE
LANGUAGE
• FIVE SCREENS WITH
INCREASING DIFFICULTY
• HI RES COLOR GRAPHICS
• REALISTIC SOUND
EFFECTS
Requires 1 6K RAM. Joysticks
ONLY S21.95
B.UI1AR-ROUBR
■ iii J-b- /, . j i. j .
■ l, ■
l-pipb-Ii p r r ■ I 4
41>#41-fP4P4*ll
* 1 + F'
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It's ■ I i p 4 I I I
I I 4 P 1 I I I ■ T *r P. - "
I ' ■ 1 I I ■ I <r I ■ F h
■ I
i > it ri .t i
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■ ■■b-I bPII"
I I I j ■ i T i ' i i i
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" ' ., '.i r .i "j "
I I ■ 4 J 4 J
■ ■ ■
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H*H.<
"''■*>«. ..
• WRITTEN IN MACHINE
LANGUAGE
• HI RES COLOR GRAPHICS
• GREAT SOUND
• EXPLODING BOMBS.
DEADLY MISSILES,
ATTACKING TANKS
Require* 32K RAM. JoyicJcks
ONLY % 2 195
■FpP ■
LUNAR-ROVER PATROL - Guide your Lunar Rover along the moon's surface following every bump and
crevice as a barage of obstacles hinder your movement. No MOON-PATROL type features left out of this
game.
VVHIRLYBIRD RUN - Your mission is to reach and destroy the enemy base hidden deep within the Tunnel
of Doom encountering missiles, saucers, and deadly gas clouds along the way. If you like SCRAMBLE, you
will love VVHIRLYBIRD RUN.
For Orders Only
1-800-426-1830
except WA, AK, HI
Call or write for a
Business Office and
complete catalog
Information Call:
(206)581-6938
Office open 8:30-4:30 P.S.T.
Wc accept VISA. MASTERCARD. AMERICAN EXPRESS.
Add 3% for shipping. NO C.O.D.
All prices U.S. FUNDS.
WA residents add 7,8% sales tax.
SPECTRAL
ASSOCIATES
3416 South 90th Street
Tacosna, WA 98409
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
STRINGS DISPLAYE
BECAUSE THE SROU
DISPLAY IS RANDO
WILL OCCASIONALL
UP WITH A REAL W
1360 PRINT"
D. "
1365 BOSUB8080
1370 PRINT"
p..
1375 GOSUB8090
1380 PRINT"
M, IT"
1385 BOSUB8100
1390 PRINT"
Y COME"
1395 GOSUB8110
1400 PRINT"
ORD. "
1405 GOSUB8120
1410 PRINT"
1415 GOSUB8130
1417 GOSUB8140
1420 GOSUB8150
1430 GL*«INKEY*: IFGL*-"" THEN 14
30
1440 CLS:CG=5:GOTO2200
1450 PRINT" THIS WORD MAY
BE A"
1455 GOSUB8000
1460 PRINT" NAUGHTY WORD. I
P THIS"
1464 GOSUB8010
1470 PRINT" IS OF CONCERN, R
<ANY KEY>"
GRAND SLAM BRIDGE
SHARPEN UP YOUR BRIDGE GAME. COM-
PUTER BIDS YOUR PARTNER'S HAND AND
PLAYS THE OPPONENT'S HANDS. RAN-
DOM HANDS DEALT EACH TIME. CARDS,
TRICKS, BIDS, AND CONTRACT SHOWN
ON SCREEN.
32K CASSETTE $19.95
RAINBOW
STOCK OPTION STRATEGIES
IES $
DEVISE YOUR OWN STOCK OPTiON STRAT-
EGIES. COVERED OPTIONS, STRADDLES,
CALLS, AND PUTS. % GAINS AND LOSSES
VS, FUTURE STOCK PRICES GRAPHED IN
COLOR. EASY TO USE, NO DATA BASE RE-
QUIRED, JUST ENTER FROM KEYBOARD.
MENU DRIVEN.
16K CASSETTE $14.95 /J^N^
RAINBOW
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
GREENTREE SOFTWARE
(, P.O. BOX 97
GREENWOOD, IN 46142
EMOVE "
1475 6OSUB8020
1480 PRINT"
THE "
1485 SOSUB 8030
1490 PRINT"
ND"
1495 SOSUB 8040
1500 PRINT"
RS"
1505 SOSUB 8050
1510 PRINT"
TO 21."
1515 SOSUB 8060
1520 PRINT"
«c 2210) . "
1525 SOSUB 8070
1530 PRINT"
OFF"
1535 SOSUB 8080
1540 PRINT"
THE VOWELS FROM
DATA STATEMENT A
CHAN6E THE NUMBE
IN THE RND «c FOR
(LINES 340, 370
YOU SHOULD START
WITH A FEW SHORT
II
1545 SOSUB 8090
1550 PRINT" STRINSS AT A SLO
W SPEED"
1555 SOSUB 8100
1560 PRINT" AND INCREASE BOT
H THE"
1565 SOSUB 8110
1570 PRINT" LENSTH OF THE ST
RINSS"
1575 SOSUB 8120
1580 PRINT" AND THE SPEED AS
YOU SO. "
1585 SOSUB 8130
1590 PRINT" < ANY KEY>"
1595 SOSUB 8140
1600 SOSUB 8150
1610 SL*-INKEY*: IFSL*="" THEN 16
10
1620 CLS: PRINT CS-6: 6OTO2200
1630 PRINT" YOUR SHORT TE
RM"
1635 6OSUB8000
1640 PRINT"
MEMORY, AS AN AV
II
1645 6OSUB8010
1650 PRINT"
MS. "
1655 6OSUB8020
1660 PRINT"
CAN HANDLE 7 ITE
BY USINS 'GROUPS
7 II
1665 6OSUB8030
1670 PRINT"
(STRINSS) OF LET
II
1675 6OSUB8040
1680 PRINT"
LONSER"
1685 6OSUB8050
1690 PRINT"
YOU CAN REMEMBER
SEQUENCES. THIS
210 the RAINBOW July 1983
But truel There is a disk
drive in your Color Compu-
ter . and it is faster and
more efficient than any
"hardware" drive you can
buy, for any price. This new
"disk drive" is called VDOS—
for Virtual Disk Operating
System— and it will absolutely
revolutionize the way you
operate your CoCo.
VDOS lets you use the
"extra" memory inside your
CoCo as a virtual disk, with
programs (any programs)
stored out of the way. You
can "save" and "load" pro-
grams from your in-memory
disk into working memory,
and then run them. When
you're done, you can simply
access your in-memory disk
again . . . and save or load
another, and another.
And VDOS is fast.
Because you are using
memory rather than a
mechanical device (like a
disk drive or cassette
player), programs load
instantly. Yes, VDOS is fas-
ter than a disk!
VDOS works with all
Color Computers— from
16K non-extended to 64K
extended. Obviously, the
more memory you have, the
greater number (and
length) of programs you
can store. For a 64K sys-
tem, VDOS also uses the
"unused" part of memory,
providing up to 50,000
bytes of storage! Now,
that's some disk!
We call it VDOS because
in the future there will be
utilities for your VDOS
UNDISK that will give even
greater capabilities— such
as a full one-pass memory
dump to cassette. Other
utilities are planned, too.
We believe VDOS is the
greatest advancement for
CoCo since the introduc-
tion of the disk drive itself.
And, at less than $100, it is
so inexpensive you can't
afford to be without it. If
you have the "cassette
blues," VDOS is the answer!
Finally, VDOS is simple to
operate. It is entirely self-
prompting and comes with
a complete manual. But you
almost don't even need the
instructions— it requires
absolutely no technical
expertise.
VDOS. The answer to
your prayers.
Cassette: $97.50. Add $1.50 shipping
and handling; Canadians add $5 for
shipping; Foreign pointsadd$9.
VISA and Master Card accepted.
All Kentucky residents add 5% sales
tax. Payments accepted in United
States currency only.
Dr. Preble's Programs
6540 Outer Loop
Louisville, KY 40228
(502) 241-6474
Dealer Inquiries Invited
RAINBOW
CWv* re
MM
IS"
1695 GOSUB8060
1700 PRINT"
ACT ICE, "
1705 GOSUB8070
1710 PRINT"
THE "
1715 SOSUB8080
1720 PRINT"
A "
1725 GOSUB8090
1730 PRINT"
OR A "
1735 GOSUB8100
1740 PRINT"
1745 SOSUB 8110
1750 PRINT"
1752 GOSUB8120
1755 BQSUB8130
1757 BOSUB8140
1760 GOSUB8150
1770 GL*=INKEY*:
70
1780 CLS: PRINT""
1790 PRINT"
T ALL"
1795 GOSUB8000
1800 PRINT"
PAND "
BECAUSE, WITH PR
YOUR MEMORY USES
SAME 'SLOT' FOR
WHOLE GROUP AS F
SINGLE LETTER. "
<ANY KEY>"
IFGL*="" THEN 17
: CG=7 : GOTO2200
SO IT IS NOT A
IMPOSSIBLE TO EX
STAT ' S
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM, THAT CALCULATES-MEAN. ~ UARANCE,
AND STANDARD OEUIAT ION FDR BOTH SAMPLES OR POPULATION
ALLOUS DATA STORAGE TO TAPE OR DISK. FULL COLOR GRAPHING OF
FREQUENCY NISTOORAM. ALLOUS EASY MODIFICATION DF STOREO DATA,
COMBINE TUO FILES. ETC. USER FRIENOLY8 ^ _ 35
COLOR GRflPIC PRINTER UTILITES
UTILITES FDR RADIO SHACKS CGP-1 13, COLOR GRAPIC PRINTER/PLOTTER
UORO PROCESSOR— SUPPORTS IMBEDED CONTROLS FDR PRINT SIZE ANO COLOR
RIGHT JUSTIFICATION. DESIGNED JUST FOR THE CGP-113
SCREEN PRINT PROGRAM TRUE FOUR COLOR PRINT OUT, UORKS IN PMOOE 3
OR 4 YOU UON'T 0ELEUE THE OE TAILS
DRAUING BOARD ETCH-A-SKETCH FOR THE PRINTER. ANY COLOR, EASY
CORRECTIONS
CASSETTE $24 . 95
RELOCATE
RELOCATE MAKES AUTOMATIC TAPE COPIES OF ANY COLOR COMPUTER
CARTRIDGE. ALLOWS CHANGES TO PE flAOE TO THE PROGRAM SUCH AS
(PRINT-OUT VIDEOTEX, CHANGE BAUD RATE IN 4SCRIPSIT, ECT. 3
REQUIRES EITHER A 64K MOD. OR A 10K OR LARGER COMPUTER WITH A
CARTRIOGE MEMORY EXPANSION OF 4K OR LARGER. UERY EASY TO USE I
ONCE FAMILIAR UITH THE PROGRAM, COPIES CAN BE MAOE IN LESS THEN
™W*"S CASSETTE $24.95
C0MPTERI2ED ALARM SYSTEMS
LET C0C0 UATCH YOUR HOUSE UHlLE YOU ARE AUAY. LESS THAN TUENTY
DOLLARS OF RAOIO SHACK COMPONENTS. PLANS AND SOFTWARE.
URITE FOR DETAILS
CTHIS AO TYPESET UITH THE COLOR GRAPIC PRINTER}
Transtion Technology
1458 u. birchwood aue.
chicago il 60626
•J.5fl SNIPING AND HANDLING C.O.O. EXTRA
PLEASE SPECIFY
SYESTEM
10K-MIN
tTANOY Corp
1805 GOSUB8010
1B10 PRINT"
YOUR ABILITY TO
II
1815 GOSUB8020
1820 PRINT"
RS TO"
1825 GOSUB8030
1830 PRINT"
EMEMBER"
1835 GOSUB8040
1840 PRINT"
5 "
1845 GOSUB8050
1850 PRINT"
E THEN"
1855 GOSUB8060
1860 PRINT"
REMEMBER 7 LETTE
THE ABILITY TO R
7 GROUPS OF SAY
YOU AR
II
REMEMBERING 35 L
WITH THE SAME ME
HORSEPOWER USED
II
HOW FAR CAN Y
IF YOU ARE READY
1870 PRINT"
NTAL"
1880 PRINT"
FOR 7."
1890 PRINT"
1895 GOSUB8070
1900 PRINT"
OU GO ?"
1905 GOSUB8080
1910 PRINT"
TO TRY"
1915 GOSUB8090
1920 PRINT"
1925 GOSUB8100
1926 GOSUB8110
1927 GOSUB8120
1928 GOSUB8130
1929 GOSUB8140
1930 GOSUB8150
1940 Q*=INKEY*:IF Q*»"" THEN 194
0
1950 IF Q*="Y" THEN RETURN
1 960 NO«= " Y " : GOSUB9000 : PR I NT@ 1 28
, "WELL, LET'S GET TOGETHER SOON.
GIVE ME A ' Y' "
II
1970 END
1980 MM*="M EMORY"
1990 LC-491
2000 FOR JZ=1TO100
2010 PRINTSLC-1 1 , "
M*
2020 LC=LC-32
2030 IF LC<32 THEN LC=491
2040 NEXT
2050 PRINT"
R Y"
2060 PRINT"
R Y"
2070 PRINT"
R Y"
2075 PRINT" M
R Y"
";m
M
MEM
MEM
E M
E M
212
the RAINBOW July 1983
ORGANIZE and PROTECT your VALUABLE
software library the COLORFUL way with
ZETAPAKS ™ from ZETA Computer.
Mix 'n' match your collection with these rugged-vinyl
software "safes" in a choice of 4 COLORS. Now you can
store your media TOGETHER with your instructions on the
SAME shelf with your computer books.
$3.50 EACH or
$38.95 Per DOZEN
Postpaid
—COLORS-
BEIGE
TAN
BLUE
YELLOW
HOLDS ALL TYPES OF SOFTWARE MEDIA
Besides holding a 6" * 8V2" manual up to Vi" thick, a
ZETAPAK can hold 2 audio/digital cassettes
or 2 stringy floppy cartridges
or 2 of the new 3" micro disks
or 6 5 1 A" floppy disks
or 2 ROM cartridges (up to 7 /s" thick)
Ask you local computer dealer to stock ZETAPAKS or
ORDER DIRECT: ZETACOM Dept. RB
P.O. BOX 3522
GREENVILLE, SC 29608
*Specify how many of what color.
*Send Bank or PO Money Order for fastest service.
*COD is fast but $2 extra. *Please allow4 weeksdelivery on checks.
*Foreign: US Funds add .50 each for Air Mail. *Purchase Price of
$3.00 each ZETAPAK REFUNDABLE if returned unopened within
30 days. 'SOFTWARE PUBLISHERS/DEALERS write or call for
discount schedule. ..(803) 246-1741 after 1 P.M. EST.
© tm 1 983 ZETA Computer
2080 PLAY " V30 % 03 j T255 % L255 "
2090 FOR JJ=1TO30
2100 PLAVCDEABFCDjV-"
2110 NEXT
2 1 20 PD*= " FGRPBCZX AQPLTYE I KBNTLD
FSEOKBVC X RUG J V J XOQ "
2125 CLS
2130 FOR JJ=1TO50
2140 LN=RND ( 5 ) : LL=RND ( 35 )
2150 ST*=MID*(PD*, LL,LN>
2160 PRINT@RND(510) , ST*
2170 S0UND169, 1
2180 NEXT
2190 RETURN
2200 RESTORE
2210 F0RPQ=1T026
2220 READWW* : NEXT
2230 DATA131, 134, 140- 147, 150
2240 DATA153, 156, 166, 169, 172
2250 DATA195, 198,201,204,211
2260 DATA214, 217,220, 230, 243
2270 DATA246,249,252
2280 FORWO=lTO RND(22)
2290 READDB
2300 NEXT
2310 RESTORE
& < MRTHFRCT > BR
mZ gQFTUR RE (C) 19831
■ <.m RDDITIOH 60
6 <B> SUBTRACT ION m
B (C) MULT I PL I CRT I ON 19
h .:d> division m
■ SELECT LEVEL 1 OR 2? 1 M
E SELECT R, B, C, OR D? R B
is n
B PLERSE TYPE YOUR PIRST NAME- ■
B BURTON m
Requires 16K Extended Basic
* *
TRS-80 Color Computer/ TDP- 100
* Trademark of Tandy
Cassette $16.95
Ohio Residents
Add 5V*% Sales Tax
APPEALING GRAPHICS • FUN REWARDS • SOUND
Used Successfully In Classrooms and In Homes
ALSO AVAILABLE-CASSETTES
Clock
Money
Subtract/Borrow
Question
$24.95
$19.95
$19.95
$19.95
Carry
ABC's
Spelling
Hangword
$19.95
$ 9.95
$16.95
$14.95
WRITE FOR FREE DESCRIPTIVE BROCHURE
OR ASK FOR DEALER DEMONSTRATION
B5 SOFTWARE • dept. c
1024 Bainbridge PI. •Columbus, Ohio 43228 »C614] 276-2752
2313 IF CBO0 THEN BOTO3000
2320 'BUILD BORDER
2350 FORBD«1024TO1504 STEP32
2360 PQKEBD, DB
2370 POKEBD-1 , DB
2380 NEXT
2400 POKE 1 055+480 , DB
2410 RETURN
G0T0765
GOTO 940
GOTO1110
GOTO 1280
GOTO 1450
GOTO 1630
GOTO1790
3000 IF CG=1 THEN CO=0
3010 IF CG=2 THEN CG=0
3020 IF CG=3 THEN CG=0
3025 IF CG=4 THEN CG=0
3030 IF CG=5 THEN CG=0
3040 IF CG=6 THEN CG=0
3050 IF CG=7 THEN CG=0
3055 PR I NT " ERROR " : STOP
8000 POKE 1 024, DB: POKE 1 055, DB: RET
URN
8010 POKE 1 056, DB: POKE 1 087, DB: RET
URN
8020 POKE 1 088, DB: POKE 11 19, DB: RET
URN
8030 POKE1120,DB:POKE1151,DB:RET
URN
8040 P0KE1152,DB:P0KE1183,DB:RET
URN
8050 P0KE1184,DB:P0KE1215,DB:RET
URN
8060 POKE 1 2 1 6 , DB : POKE 1 247 , DB : RET
URN
8070 P0KE1248,DB:P0KE1279,DB:RET
URN
8080 POKE1280,DB:POKE1311,DB:RET
URN
8090 P0KE1312,DB:P0KE1343,DB:RET
URN
8100 POKE 1 344, DB: POKE 1 375, DB: RET
URN
8110 POKE 1 376, DB: POKE 1 407, DB: RET
URN
8 1 20 POKE 1 408 , DB : POKE 1 439 , DB : RET
URN
8130 POKE 1 440, DB : POKE 1 47 1,DB: RET
URN
8140 POKE 1 472, DB: POKE 1 503, DB: RET
URN
8150 POKE 1 504, DB: POKE 1 535, DB: RET
URN
9000 GOTO20000
9045 IFNO*="Y" THEN 9095
9050 PLAY " V30 ; 03 ; T255 j L255 "
9060 F0RGL=1T03
9070 PLAY "DEFG ABC; V— "
9080 PLAY " CB AGFED ; V+ "
9090 NEXT
9095 NO*= RETURN
10000 GOSUB20000
10500 IF HT*="Y" THEN RETURN
10600 POKE 1058, ASCC'P")
10700 POKE 1059, ASCC'R")
214
the RAINBOW July 1983
TRS-80 C01.0R OJMPiniR
Computer Island Presents
THE BEST IN
SOFTWARE FOR KIDS!
TDP SYSTEM 100
DOLLARS AND SENSE 16K Ext - S11.95
Learn to make purchases. Graphic displays ol items
kids love. Player buys using dollars and coins to prac-
tice using money correctly. Solutions given.
McCOCO'S MENU 16K Ext. $11.95
America's favorite pastime — going out to eat! Learn
to buy and add up your purchases from a typical fast
food restaurant menu. Gain skill in using money. Dif-
ferent prices each time.
MONEY-PAK 32K Ext. $22.95
This is a menu-driven merged version ol the above 2
programs. Also includes play money for extra rein-
forcement.
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION 16K $11.95
Menu driven, 2 level program provides practice in
adding or subtracting 2 digit numbers. Vertical format
for proper entry of digits in the answers. Report card
scoring.
LONG DIVISION TUTOR by Ed Guy
16K Ext. Basic $14.95
A tutoriat that takes the child through all steps of the
example. Includes HELP tables, cursor aids, and
graphic aids. Input your own numbers, or let the com-
puter choose the example. Three levels of difficulty.
Great teaching program!
MULTIPLICATION TUTOR by Ed Guy
16K Ext. Basic $14.95
Similar type tutorial to the above. All carries indicated.
Teaches examples from one to three place multipliers.
READING AIDS 4-Pak 16K Ext. $19.95
A 4 part menu driven program for the Elementary
school child to create his own original reading
material. Includes the 4 popular programs — POETRY,
SILLY STORIES, SILLY SENTENCES and WIZARD, now
expanded to 16K Extended Basic.
W- ET* * * f Mr * M- E * * * + FT-TTTTTFFFV it H f * *
NEW
BEYOND WORDS 32K Ext. $19.95 Each
3 Part menu driven program with tutorials and grade
appropriate subtests and reviews. Over 400 questions,
800 words, modifiable.
* Beyond Words I - Grades 3-5
* Beyond Words II - Grades 6-8
* Beyond Words III - Grades 9-12
VOCABULARY BUILDERS 32K Ext. $19.95 Each
4 Part multiple choice format. 200 questions, 1000
words. User modifiable.
* Vocab. Builder I - Grades 3-5
* Vocab. Builder II - Grades 6-8
* Vocab. Builder III - Grades 9-12
On Disk
Beyond Words I and Vocab. Builder I
Beyond Words II and Vocab. Builder II
Beyond Words III and Vocab. Builder III
$38.95
$38.95
$38.95
FOREIGN LANGUAGE GAMES 16K or 16K Ext. $11.95
:;t j,c !,t !,< !/;;<
NO EXTRAS NEEDED
Instructions are included enabling you to modify these
programs for additional vocabulary or verb practice.
Create your own luture versions!!!
FRENCH BASEBALL - Score base hits or home runs
for correct answers. You're out if wrong. Correct
answers supplied. Fun way to learn and practice
vocabulary. 2 levels. 200 questions
SPANISH BASEBALL — Same game using Spanish
vocabulary words.
ITALIAN BASEBALL - Same game using Italian
vocabulary words.
PLEASE SPECIFY LANGUAGE AND VERSION
PRESCHOOL PACK 1 by Joseph Kolar
16K Ext. $11.95
Clown and Fish-Num: Two programs to help your child
recognize and count the words and numbers 1 - 10.
Hi-res graphics and lively songs help to attract and
keep attention.
PRESCHOOL PACK 2 by Joseph Kolar
16K Ext. $11.95
Count Kids and Add Penny: Two programs to help your
child count and add up to 10. Beautiful hi-res
graphics.
PRESCHOOL PACK 3 by Joseph Kolar
16K Ext. $11.95
Alpha-Byte: Programs designed to teach recognition
and identification of the alphabet. Attractive hi-res
graphics.
Each of the above Preschool Packs on disk • $15.95
All three Preschool Packs on disk - $38.95
HEBREW BULLETIN BOARD 16K Ext. $15.95
bj Joseph Kolar
A utility that rill enable YOU !0 create Hebrew or
Hebrew/English words, flash cards, sentences,
greeting cards, etc. in Hi-res. Easy lo learn-full
documentation. For hard copy, use your printer and
any screen print program.
MUSIC DRILL by David Steele
16K Extended $19.95
A high resolution program that teaches and tests the
notes of the Treble and Bass clefs in each of the 10
most popular Major and Minor keys.
"A must for all MUSIC students."
1
'*
i
¥■
"S FGR THE PflIK i i"
SPECIAL - CLOSEOUT of Creative Computing's never
released software for the CoCo. 2 Hi-Res machine
language, joystick controlled arcade style games.
PICNIC (escape spider, capture food), TRICKASHAY
(tank duel in a tricky maze). 1 or 2 players, multi level.
16K Ext. Both for an incredible $1 1.95
*
i
*
#0
*6
V
THE TALKING WIZARD 16K Ext. $19.95
A talking version of our popular WIZARD game. This is
a child size (Eliza-Freud) type game. Input any ques-
tion and the WIZARD writes and now SPEAKS (through
the T.V. speaker) an amusing answer. Great for reading
practice or just plain fun.
voict by-Cliiiicil Cowting Inc.
COCO-JOT by Steve Greenberg
16K $11.95
A new version of the famous Jotto word game. A guess-
ing game using your powers of reasoning and deduction.
1 or 2 pfayer game. Different levels of play. Ages 8 to
adult. User modifiable.
GHOST 16K Ext
by Sherman Rosen $11.95
Color Computer version of the famous word game. 2
levels. Ages 8 to adult. Great Family Fun!
SOFTWARE FOR SPECTRUM'S LIGHT PEN
KID'S FUN-PAK: This 3 program game set will enter
tain you with a great new dimension for your com
puter. Tutorial included with documentation.
Kid's Fun-Pak Tape 16K Ext. $14.95
Light Pen and Tape $34.95
COMPUTER ISLAND
DEPT. R
227 Hampton Green
Staten Island, N.Y. 10312
(212) 948-2748
DEALERS INQUIRIES INVITED
FREE set of BINARY DICE, including full directions,
with orders of 2 or more items.
Add $1.00 S/H • N.Y. Add Proper lax
Send lor catalog of other programs
16K CIRCUS ADVENTURE $9.95
A child's adventure game with many songs, graphics,
and surprises. Meet all of your circus favorites while
searching for the popcorn man. Great famify fun for afl
ages.
16K SCHOOLMAZE ADVENTURE $11.95
White in search of a lost computer tape, you travel in a
school and draw pictures, compose songs, play basket-
ball, and use the keyboard to travel in the hallways.
Authors: We are seeking quality children's software for
leisure or learning. Write for details. Top royalties.
r
CoCoDA TA Enterprises
1316 Quail Avenue • McAllen, Texas 78501
Color Computer 16K
EXTEHDED BASIC
"Low Cost, High Quality Software"
Color Computer Weekly, March 11, 1983
"Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back ! "
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
The Product Line
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
GRAPHICS PROGRAM (ff^
GENE R ATO R I $11.95 -;\r°*
Let your CoCo write "Syntax perfect" graphics programs for you!
Boxes, circles, arcs, ellipses, paint, and lines can all be created
while viewing the graphics screen using the arrow keys and a
tew one-key commands. Use either of four color sets in PMODE3,
Extra features like "erase", "check remaining strings space" and
optional grid marker pixels. When your graphics are complete,
GPG I will write a unique program to tape to duplicate the picture
you've created. This generated program can be edited, added to,
or merged like ahy other! Manual details operation.
GRAPHICS PROGRAM
GENERATOR II $16.95 -St""
All the features of GPG I plus characters with a self loading
machine language module! Includes a binary screen save feature
to reproduce your graphics with text in a later program. Manual
includes Assembly Language source listing.
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
MONITOR $10.95
Utilize your CoCo to reduce your electric bill! Both text and
graphic presentations are used to show consumption in either
dollars or KWH. Extra features include bill projection anytime
during month and 20 day trend analysis. If you can't measure it,
you can't manage it! Sixteen page manual includes listing and
forms to record data. Printer is NOT required.
HOUSEHOLD BUDGET
WORKSHEET $ 6.95 "",r*"
Produces an up-dated monthly financial worksheet without files,
yet contractual loans are automatically up-dated with new
balances and months remaining. Budget categories and variable
expenses user defined. Includes provisions for variable income
like commissions, one time expenses and/or income. Excellent
manual includes listing, examples, form to list data. Works with
any printer. ^*-s.
LLIST-RITE $ 5.95
Complex, non-commented programs are much easier to follow
after using this listing utility! Multiple statements and IF.
THEN. .ELSE statements are logically separated, line numbers
are set apart from text, page boundries are observed. Works
with any printer; complete, easy to understand instruction sheet
included.
MATCH 2! $7.95
Our version of concentration. Play against the computer at
different skill levels or select two player option. Some unexpect-
ed surprises add more fun, should sharpen memory skills.
★ ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
Each program ordered must include 75$ for Shipping and
Handling.
10800 POKE 1060, ASCC'O")
10900 POKE1061, ASC<"6")
11100 POKE1064, ASCC'M")
11200 POKE1063, ASC<"A">
11300 POKE1062, ASC<"R">
11400 POKE1068,ASC<"B")
11500 POKE1069,ASC<"Y")
11600 P0KE1131,255:P0KE1163,255-
1 6 1 POKE 1195, 255 : POKE 1 204 , 255-32 :
POKE 1223, 255: POKE 1227, 255-48: POK
E 1 236 , 255 : POKE 1 255 , 255-64 : POKE 1 2
11700 POKE 1257, 255: POKE 1258, 255-
16: POKE 1259, 255: POKE 1268, 255-32:
POKE 1 296 ,255: POKE 1 300 , 255-48 : POK
E1328, 255: P0KE1329, 255-64
11800 POKE 1330, 255: POKE 1331, 255-
16: POKE 1332, 255
13020 F0RUI=1T03
1 3030 PLAY " T 1 3 ; L3 ; V30 ; CCDEF6AB J P
55; C"
13035 NEXT
13040 RETURN
13045 PLAY"C"
1 3 1 00 HT*« "Y" : GOTO 1 0000
13200 END
1 5000 NO*=" Y" : CLS: 6OSUB9000
16000 PRINT@12B," UNTIL NEXT TI
ME... BYE!"
16010 FOR LP=1 TO 500: NEXT
17000 play ,, V30;03;T5;L5"
18000 play"cdefgaabbc"
19000 END
20000 CLS0
20010 IF HJOITHEN HJ=1 : DlMFG* ( 1
6)
20020 C 1=1 50
20040 F0RX1=1T016
20050 FG*(X1)=STRING*<32,C1>
20060 NEXT
20070 Y1=0:C1=C1+1
20090 F0RX1=1T016
20100 PRINT@Y1,FG* (XI) 5
20120 Yl=Yl+32
20130 NEXT
20140 Vl=1535
20150 FORZ1=1504TO1519:POKEZ1,C1
-l : pokevi , ci-i : vi=vi-i : next
20155 RETURN
20170 IFS*="Y" THEN END
30000 CLS0:PRINT@96, " "
30005 PRINT6102, "COPYRIGHT (C) 1
30007 PRINT© 128, " "
30010 PRINT© 134, "J. J. SCHMIDT"
30017 PRINTS160, " "
30020 PRINT© 166, "ALL RIGHTS RESE
RVED"
30030 FORYY=1TO500:NEXT:GOTO70
216
the RAINBOW July 1983
TRS-80 COLOR
AARDVARK
COMMODORE 24 VIC-20 SINCLAIR/TIMEX TI99
QUEST - A NEW IDEA IN ADVENTURE
GAMES! Different from all the others.
Quest is played on a computer generated
map of Alesia. Your job is to gather men
and supplies by combat, bargaining, explor-
ation of ruins and temples and outright
banditry. When your force is strong enough,
you attack the Citadel of Moorlock in a
life or death battle to the finish. Playable
in 2 to 5 hours, this one is different every
time. 16k TI99, TRS-80 Color, and Sinclair,
13 K VIC-20. $14.95 each.
32K TRS 80 COLOR Version $24.95.
Adds a second level with dungeons and
more Questing.
CATERPILLAR
O.K., the Caterpillar does look a lot like a
Centipede. We have spiders, falling fleas,
monsters traipsing across the screen, poison
mushrooms, and a lot of other familiar
stuff. COLOR 80 requires 16k and Joy-
sticks. This is Edson's best game to date.
$1 9.'95 for TRS 80 COLOR.
ADVENTURES! !J
The Adventures below are written in BASIC,
are full featured, fast action, full plotted ad-
ventures that take 30-50 hours to play. (Ad-
ventures are interactive fantasies. It's like
reading a book except that you are the main
character as you give the computer, com-
mands like "Look in the Coffin" and*"Light
the torch.")
Adventuring requires 16k on Sinclair,
TRS-80, and TRS-80 Color. They require 8k
on OSI and 13k on VIC-20. Sinclair requires
extended BASIC. Now available for TI99.
Any Commodore 64.
$14.95 Tape - $19.95 Disk.
ESCAPE FROM MARS
(by Rodger Olsen)
This ADVENTURE takes place on the RED
PLANET. You'll have to explore a Martian
city and deal with possibly hostile aliens to
survive this one. A good first adventure.
PYRAMID (by Rodger Olsen)
This is our most challenging ADVENTURE.
It is a treasure hunt in a pyramid full of
problems. Exciting and tough I
DERELICT
(by Rodger Olsen & Bob Anderson)
New winner in the toughest adventure from
Aardvark sweepstakes. This one takes place
on an alien ship that has been deserted for a
thousand years — and is still dangerous!
Dungeons of Death — Just for the 16k TRS-
80 COLOR, this is the first D&D type game
good enough to qualify at Aardvark. This is
serious D&D that allows 1 to 6 players to go
on a Dragon Hunting, Monster Killing, Dun-
geon Exploring Quest. Played on an on-
screen map, you get a choice of race and
character (Human, Dwarf, Soldier, Wizard,
etc.), a chance to grow from game to game,
and a 15 page manual. At the normal price
for an Adventure ($14.95 tape, $19.95 disk),
this is a giveaway.
WIZARDS TOWER - This is very similar to
Quest (see above). We added wizards, magic,
dragons, and dungeons to come up with a
Quest with a D&D flavor. It requires 16k
extended color BASIC. $14.95 Tape,
$19.95 Disk. VIC 20 Commodore 64.
PLANET RAIDERS - Not just another de-
fenders copy, this is an original program
good in its own right. You pilot a one man
ship across a planetary surface dogfighting
with alien ships and blasting ground installa-
tions while you rescue stranded troopers.
Rescue all the troopers and be transported
to another harder, faster battle. Joysticks
required. ALL MACHINE CODEI EDSONS
BESTI 16K Tape TRS80COLOR $19.95 -
32K Disk $21.95.
BASIC THAT ZOOOMMSI !
AT LAST AN AFFORDABLE COMPILER!
The compiler allows you to write your
programs in easy BASIC and then auto-
matically generates a machine code equiv-
alent that runs 50 to 150 times faster.
It does have some limitations. It takes at
least 8k of RAM to run the compiler and it
does only support a subset of BASIC —
about 20 commands including FOR, NEXT,
END f GOSUB,GOTO, IF, THEN, RETURN,
END, PRINT, STOP, USR (X), PEEK,
POKE, *,/,+,-, > , < ,=, VARIABLE
NAMES A-Z, SUBSCRIPTED VARIABLES,
and INTEGER NUMBERS FORM 0-64K.
TINY COMPILER is written in BASIC. It
generates native, relocatable 6502 or 6809
code. It comes with a 20-page manua/ and
can be modified or augmented by the user.
$24.95 on tape or disk for OSI, TRS-80
Color, VIC 20, or Commodore 64.
SEAWOLFE - ALL MACHINE CODE In
this high speed arcade game, you lay out
patterns of torpedoes ahead of the attacking
PT boats. Requires Joysticks, at least 13k
RAM, and fast reflexes. Lots of Color and
Sound. A fun game. Tape or Disk for Vic20,
Commodore 64, and TRS-80 Color.
$14.95 Tape - $19.95 Disk.
Dealers — We have the best deal going for
you. Good discounts, exchange programs,
and factory support. Send for Dealer Infor-
mation.
Authors — Aardvark pays the highest com-
missions in the industry and gives programs
the widest possible advertising coverage.
Send a Self Addressed Stamped Envelope
for our Authors Information Package.
Adventures and Quest new available
for TI99
Please specify system on all orders
ALSO FROM AARDVARK - This is only a partial list of what we carry. We have a lot of other games (particularly for the
TRS-80 Color and OSI), business programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1.00 for our complete catalog.
AARDVARK
2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088 / (313) 669-3110
Phone Orders Accepted 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.
$2.00 shipping on each order
AAlHBPrW
CONSTRUCTION
\X/brk Station
o
n
Wh
ees
By Richard G lovanom
This lcc Gocart Brings Home Economy
Of Organization Rather Than Mileage
This past Christmas, when I added a printer to my
TRS-80 Color Computer, it became obviousthat I
would have to consolidate my work area. Too
many cables and cords, and space was becoming a prob-
lem. Two of my sons were home from college: it's amaz-
ing how they consume food and space in an exponential
relationship to their presence. Necessity, then, was the
mother of my prototype portable computer center, lcc
Gocart.
Now my total operation is contained within a four-
square-foot area. It's on wheels and I can retreat to any
leftover space in the house. The computer, printer,
recorder, tapes, notebooks and magazines have all been
stacked and shelved in a converted stereo cabinet. (The
cheap kind that go for about $20 on sale.) The overall
setup is shown on page 2 of the plans.
Since this was my prototype, a good deal of the con-
struction was dictated by what odds and ends I had on
hand. This included the stereo cabinet which no longer
was in use. As it turned out, the system has worked so well
that I haven't even taken the time to finish it up properly.
The pristine beauty of its rough hewn plywood remains
intact for all to admire.
Construction
Building the Gocart was done in two stages, the base
and the equipment-holding upper section.
It all started with the basic stereo cabinet; it set the size,
and because it was available, meant the project could be
completed sooner. Five major modifications were needed
to fill my requirements.
I)
2)
3)
- 4)
Metal reinforcing angles were
added to all four corners on the
back of the cabinet to make the
unit more solid.
I added the casters along the
bottom, using eight of them
mounted on pieces of scrap one
inch board. I figured eight of
them were needed to distribute
the load and provide stability.
The second sliding shelf was in
stalled four inches down from
the top. In my case this is a piece
of half inch plywood, 20 x 15
inches. Strips of half -inch quar-
ter round molding make up the
rails as shown in Detail A on
page 1 of the plans.
A 1 V2 inch hole was cut in the
middle of the back panel about
two inches down from the top so
the recordercordand cable could
be brought out to the power
outlet and computer.
218 the RAINBOW July 1983
5) To provide support for the TV, an end support, 12
inches wide was added to the left side between the
upper and lower shelves. By inserting t he t i xtra shelf
as shown, I picked up a place for my notebooks and
other miscellaneous stuff that I tend to accumulate.
Once this task was complete I could attack the construc-
tion of the equipment bay shown in the plans on page 1 ,
I figured out how to stack up the rest of the equipment
so that 1 could get at, and see everything in the most
efficient manner for me- I'm right handed, over six feet,
and a lousy typist, all of which influenced my set up and
some of the vertical dimensions.
Page 1 of the plans shows the layout of the pieces that
make up the equipment bay, They were all cut out of half
inch plywood. After the rails for the sliding shelves have
been put on with glue and brads the sides can be
assembled to the base. I used glue and four penny finish
nails. By slipping in the shelves at this time the proper
spacing can be maintained while the
TV shelf is hammered home. At this
point the unit is solid as a rock. The
printer shelf is installed last. All those
M/i inch holes are for getting the
cables and cords routed to the proper
place and still keeping them out of
the way,
The completed bay was lined upon
top of the base and clamped in place
while I drilled Va inch holes at each
end down through the top shelf of the
base. Quarter-inch bolts and wing
nuts installed through these holes
make everything secure and allow for
easy removal.
The easel holds papers or maga-
zines when typing programs. The
location is a must for me. As a hunt
and peck, two-fingered typist I have
to have the copy as close to the key-
board as possible. That's one of the
main reasons for my "in-line" arran-
gement of the equipment. This setup
also makes it easier to check the text against the screen
when trying to find typing bugs.
To attach the easel 1 used an old bracket that I found in
myjunkbox. I bent it to abouta 60 degree angle and then
bolted it to the front edge of the printer shelf. The easel
was then attached with another bolt to t he other leg of the
bracket. I found that it was best for me to adjust the
location of the easel so that the lower edge just rests on
the top of the computer case.
The easel is a piece of lef tover pegboard. I glued half-
inch flat molding strips along the top and sides. A piece of
one inch inside corner molding serves as a lip that forms
the paper rest.
A short extension cord with three outlets is attached to
the back of the cabinet near the computer end. Printer,
computer and recorder power cords, fed through those
1 Va inch holes along the sides, all plug in here. It is close to
my left hand so that I can unplug the computer easily at
the end of a session. The excess length of the cables and
cords are coiled and secured with garbage bag tiesand lie
My daughter, Mary, at the controls. The overall arrangement is
shown with the BW portable 1 use most of the time. The
recorder shelf is in the stored position.
out of the way on the base of the equipment bay under the
printer and paper shelves.
As an example of routing, the cable from the RF
modulator feeds down through the hold in the right side
of the TV shelf, out the top hole in the right side, back in
through the bottom hole and then to the computer port,
with the excess coiled up. This path keeps it out of the
way of the printer and the paper feed.
1 added the optional storage shelf above the paper tray
because thespacewas there touse. When theprinter is in
use I slide this shelf back out of the way.
If I had to do it over, 1 would make the printer shelf a
couple inches deeper (as shown by the dotted lines on the
plan) to give me a little more clearance for my DMP 100
printer. Obviously, this particular shelf has to be sized to
whatever printer you may have. Next time 1 would use
ball-type casters; it would be much easier when moving
over carpeted areas. I am still trying to figure out how to
add a built-in light.
IYn really happy with the setup and hope that it con-
tains some ideas useful to others. ^
July 1983 the RAINBOW 219
Dungeons Of Daggorath
New Adventure Standard
(Editor's Note: This review is made possible through an
advance copy of the program provided to the Rainbow by
Radio Shack.)
We seem to be breaking frontiers all over the place for
CoCo these days. The arcade games get better and better yet;
the utilities become more and more powerful; the abilities of
our favorite computer seem to grow more and more each
month in regard to data bases, word processing and the like.
Now, in the world of Adventure gaming, there is a new
standard. It is called Dungeons of Daggorath. It is from
Radio Shack, available in a Program Pax.
Frankly, it is one of a kind — yet I expect to see more of its
ilk in the months ahead. The reason is simply that once
someone does something, the way they do it tends to get
around.
In the case of Dungeons of Daggorath, this is a clear
bonus for us all.
As most everyone who reads this magazine for very long
will know, I am hooked on Adventure games. Now, I con-
fess to not being very good (the pressure of a monthly
deadline seems to slow down the time 1 have to analyze
them), but I love to play 'em.
Thus far, Dungeons of Daggorath is simply the best
Adventure game I have played to date. In fact, it is almost a
falsehood to say that it is an Adventure — because the action
gets fast and furious, much like many of the better arcade
games IVe enjoyed. In short, it is more an Adventure/ Ar-
cade offering than anything else!
Thanks to an advance copy of both the documentation
and the Program Pak, we can probably stay ahead of some
of you until next month — that's when Dungeons of Daggo-
rath goes on sale at your local Radio Shack stores and
dealerships. But, while we are, so far, the number one player
of this excellent offering, it is only fair that we tell you
something about it (this is a review, isn't it?)
Dungeons of Daggorath is a three level, real time Adven-
ture that makes you do a bit of thinking and a lot of fast
reacting all at once. But, it also won't let you go too fast. Oh,
I'm getting ahead of myself . . .
The screen is divided into three segments — one which
shows the area you are in — in G 3D-type maze format, the
second showing what you are holding (if anything) in each
hand. At the bottom of all this is a four-line "command
area" that lets you enter commands.
In the middle of the status area is a beating heart — yours.
As you exert yourself, the heart beats faster and faster. If it
gets going too fast, you're a goner — which means you can't
rush through room after room. If you do, you'll be out of
breath and the smallest, tiniest spider might do you in. Or,
you can just overexert yourself and burst your heart then
and there.
I think this is the most true to life aspect of Dungeons of
Daggorath. Face facts: If you are a real adventurer, you
don't go racing from room to room. And, you do have to
conserve some energy. A lot of programs do this with water
and food availability — but Dungeons handles it in real time
and completely true to life.
This is hardly the only thing which makes Dungeons of
Daggorath a superior program, however, the maze is
extremely well constructed and populated with all sorts of
creatures. There are also various kinds of objects — and dif-
ferent levels of each object. The stronger the object, the more
good it can do you.
As an example, you start with a wooden sword, which can
kill certain things. But there is also an iron sword . . . and an
"elvish" one, as well. The more powerful the sword, the
better it is for you!
Too, you only have two hands, and generally, you can
only carry one thing at a time in each. To actually use an
object, you have to specify the hand in which you are carry-
ing it. You do have a pack, though, to stow other things.
Movement is easy, using just the "M" key to move for-
ward. You can turn around, turn right or left and the like.
You can also move backwards (backpedal), something that
is often necessary in a fight to get your heart slowed down a
bit.
Incidentally, the sound is fantastic. You can hear an
opponent before you can see it (and each has its own distinct
sound). Your heartbeat is audible, too. And, when you light
a torch, you can hear the match sizzle.
Commands can be abbreviated (but must be separated by
a space, which can be frustrating) and there is a save game
feature (to cassette). The only thing we didn't like was that
there is no "score"/?er se, you either live ordie. We think the
addition of some sort of status after death would be a nice
addition to Dungeons of Daggorath.
This game is not for the novice adventurer, nor for the
novice arcade player, either. But, with a little skill and
thinking (fast thinking), Dungeons of Daggorath will pro-
vide you with more fun than you've had in quite a while.
Dungeons of Daggorath: A great game!
(At Radio Shack stores, dealers and computer centers,
$29.95)
— Lonnie Falk
^COLONIAL TRILOGY^
THREE INCREDIBLE NEW GAMES
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
HI-RES — 32K — EXT BASIC
COLONIAL WARS: two player game on a galactic scale
with hycomp's unique split screen concept-it's almost
like having a separate monitor for each playeri colonize
and battle for control of an 11 star system while
commanding massive battlecarriers.fighter squadrons,
freighters, and planetary defense. with game save(3-8hrs)
ZYRON:two players battle within an asteroid field with
ships built to their own specifications. two scenarios
included-one player tries to slip freighters past the
OTHER'S DEFENSES OR AN ALL OUT BATTLE. (2-4hrs)
QUESTAR: explore over 30 planets and encounter
UNKNOWN CIVILIZATIONS, DESERTED CITIES.AND BUSY STARPORTS
WHILE SEARCHING FOR HIDDEN ZYRON BASES. AN EXCELLENT
ONE PLAYER GRAPHICS ADVENTURE GAME.(60-90mln)
ONLY $19.95 EACH OR ALL THREE FOR $49.95!
PLUS $1.50 FOR SHIPPING
CHECK OR MONEY AVAILABLE ONLY FROM
nnnrn nwi v P O - BOX 15331
8END SASE FOR
MORE INFORMATION. (918)266-6452
220 the RAINBOW July 1983
Federal Hill Software
Fastape: ML Utility
Allows High Speed I/O
Much has been said lately about the high-speed, or
vitamin E POKE Tor our CoCo. While in this mode, BASIC
programs will run about 30 percent faster, making number
crunching and arcade-type programs execute at a more
satisfactory speed. The major problem in using high-speed is
that you cannot do any I/O operations to your cassette,
printer, or disk. If you do, you will find out the true meaning
of "I/O error'* or possibly a "locked up" system. What we
need is a way to have our cake and eat it too.
Fastape is a machine language utility that will solve most
of these problems. With it, you can save and load programs
and data from cassette, and use your printer, all while
remaining in high-speed mode. Once loaded, the program
will auto-execute and automatically adjust itself for the
amount of memory you have. Unlike most machine lan-
guage utilities, it is not necessary to reserve space for it, by
means of a CLEAR statement, before loading it in.
Using Fastape could not be easier. It operates in four
modes. The first two are the high and low (or normal) speed
CPU modes. These modes will have your CoCo running in
either the high or low speed mode of operation, just as if you
had entered the proper POKEs. Each of these modes, in
turn, have two speed modes for cassette operations. The
high speed cassette mode will save and load your files in
almost exactly one-half the normal time. Unbelievable, but
true! The low speed mode (did you guess it already?) oper-
ates just as if the program was not running.
With the combination of these four modes, you can save
or load data in any desired format. This allows for the
necessary flexibility when you first start to use the program,
by enabling you to load your existing tapes, and then to save
them out in the high-speed format. You can even load tapes
created in the high-speed CPU mode that were saved with-
out using the program (possibly by accident).
When using your printer with Fastape, it will auto-
matically adjust the baud rate for you, so that.your printer
will produce the listings you want, instead of garbage. If you
operate your printer at a rate other than the default of 600
baud, all you have to do is to enter the necessary POKE
prior to loading the program, or while it is running in the
low-speed CPU mode.
Switching between operating modes is accomplished by
holding down the "control" (down arrow) key and pressing
the number I to4 key, depending on which of the modes you
want. The control key can also be used to speed up the entry
of some common BASIC commands. These include the
audio, motor, and cassette commands, as well as a few
others. In addition, you can use it to find out which of the
modes you are in, in case you have forgotten.
Fastape is a great utility program that should prove to be
boon to all cassette users. The documentation explains ever-
ything you need to know in order to use it without any
problems, and it works like a champ. If you are tired of
waiting for those tppes to load, I strongly recommend that
you buy this fine utility. If I could only figure out how it
works.
(SpectroSystems, 11111 North Kendall Drive, Suite A108,
Miami, FL 33176, $21.95 tape)
—Gerry Schechter
Coco-Acountant!
Were your taxes a mess this year? Make those j
deductions a breeze! Use data from up to 450 canceled j
checks for reports of expenditures by month, account of
payee! Flags deductible checks, checks subject to sales tax-
-even computes the sales tax you paid. Lists to screen or i
printer. $1 5.95 on tape, $21 .95 on disk. 32K
CREDIT ACCOUNTANT performs same functions for
credit card expenditures. Only $9.95 when ordered with
Coco-Accountant (tape or disk).
Blackjaq!
As close as you can come to the real thing without
losing your shirt. Full casino simulation - - up to 5 players
and 9 decks. Computer plays vacant hands by card count-
ing rules, gives counting pointers, keeps track of winnings
and will even print out results of every hand! Keyboard or
joystick. Nothing else like it in 16K Ext. $19.95 on tape,
$24.95 on disk.
The Handicapped
Use the power of your COCo to improve your
performance at the track! Separate 16K programs for
thoroughbred and harness horses apply proven handicapping
techniques using speed, pace, post position, past perfor-
mance, driver or jockey record and horse's attributes, j
Simple enough for the beginner - - sophisticated enough for
the veteran horseplayer. Detailed instructions. Does not
require Extended Basic. Harness Handicapper or Thorough-
bred Handicapper, $24.95 on tape. Both programs, $39.95. I
Printer Artist!
Turn your printer into an artist with this unique
series of 16K Ext. programs. Create drawings of birds and
animals, sports figures, ships, holiday and patriotic scenes,
famous Americans and others. Set up a file of printer art
on disk or tape. Includes 12 ready-to-run pictures and
simple instructions for 40 more, Complete documentation
and guide to creating your own art. $19.95 on tape.
Koko Math !
Teachers and parents: Are your kids bored with dull
educational programs? Let Koko the Math Clown make
arithmetic a joy! Get 10 problems right and give him a
bath! All operations, three levels of difficulty. Colorful
graphics and music. Does not require Extended Basic.
$8.95 on tape.
Federal Hill Software
825 William Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21230
July 1983 the RAINBOW 221
SAVE!!!
AT ARIZONA DISCOUNT SOFTWARE YOU CAN SAVE ON ALL SORTS
OF SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE ITEMS FOR YOUR COLOR COM-
PUTER OR TDP 100!! (TDP IS A TRADEMARK OF TANDY)
CHECK THESE OUT!!!
GAMES 15% OFF!!!!
TAPE
$33.95*
21.20*
24.60*
18.65
24.60*
23.75
2375
DISK
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25.45*
22.90
ZAXXON (DATASOFT)
ZAKSUND (ELITE)
THE KING (MIX)
SHARK TREASURE (COMPUTERWARE)
SPACE SHUTTLE (MIX)
THE FROG (MIX) 23.75 26.30
TRAPFALL (MIX) 2375 26.30
*32K PROGRAM
PLUS!!!
ALL OTHER TOM MIX. COMPUTERWARE AND PETROCCI
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67.95
THE ENTIRE SUPER COLOR LIBRARY
(DISK ONLY) SAVE 20% OVER LIST
423.75
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DISK
TELEWRITER 64 (COGNITEC)
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FLEX
FLEX & D/BASIC PKG
D/BASIC
HARDWARE VALUES!!!!
89.00
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LIKE OUR SOFTWARE VALUES. ARIZONA DISCOUNT SOFTWARE
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DRIVE O FOR THE COCO
(Tandon Drive and R/S Interface— Save $175 over R/S
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COMPUSERVE I.D. H 71715,2001
So
Morocco Gran Prix
Roars With Action
In Morocco Gran Prix, Computerware's newest graphics
game for the Color Computer, you are a pit crew memberat
the local race track. During qualifications, the world famous
race driver Juan "el Racero" Gomez becomes sick on gaso-
line vapors. You cjecide to take advantage of the opportun-
ity to take the high powered racer for a test drive, but little
did you know that the race would begin as soon as you hit
the track.
Once the game has loaded, you see the instruction screen.
The racer is controlled with the right joystick. Left to right
controls your steering, while forward and back controls
your speed.
An overhead view of the brightly colored racer appears at
the pits on the side. To begin the game just cross over the
guard rail. A timer is instantly activated and the race is on!
The timer begins counting down at I00 seconds. Points are
awarded for the amount of time you stay on the track. The
faster you drive, the more points you accumulate. If you
crash, you end up at the pits on the side. To re-enter the
track, just cross over the guard rail. Occasionally, you
encounter night drivingconditionsand snow covered roads,
just to keep you from getting bored. There are also a few
surprises, such as fire trucks and the like. If you get over
2000 points by the time the timer runs out, you are awarded
with an extended play. Morocco Gran Prix keeps track of
the top ten scores.
The wisest strategy when racing is to start off fast. Once
you pass by a car, don't worry about it anymore — it's out of
the picture. All danger lies ahead. Develop a sense of timing
early in the game as to how frequently other autos show up.
At those times, slow down and survey the scene. If the racers
ahead can be easily passed, then resume top speed. Of
course, the best strategy is practice. And that's what you'll
want to do, because Morocco Gran Prix is addicting!
Not only is the action portion of Morocco Gran Prix
spectacular, but the game is a visual triumph as well. The
racers themselves are handsomely detailed with color rival-
ing most coin-op video games. The only things missing are
curves and road signs. The track remains straight through-
out the entire game, and there are no road signs to add to the
visual effects of the game. A red caution flag does appear
once in a great while just before the fire truck hits the track.
The sound effects are about average for the Color Compu-
ter, and are nothing short of spectacular when you crash
(though it would be nice if the fire truck had a siren!).
Morocco Gran Prix is delightful to look at and a blast to
play. Computerware should be congratulated for their work
in this new racing game for the Color Computer.
(Computerware, Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024, 32K Mach-
ing Language, $24.95)
—Barry Younce
222
the RAINBOW July 1983
Fast Action And Great Graphics
Make Planet Invasion Challenging
As 1 loaded this 16K machine language program from
Spectral Associates into my CoCo, I sighed at the prospect
of what I thought would be just another space arcade game,
but I soon discovered that the outstanding graphics and
animation put this game in a class by itself.
Planet Invasion is a "Defender -type" arcade game. You
are required to cruise above the planet's surface locating and
destroying wave after wave of Praetorian invaders. The
playing area extends off the screen in both directions, but
author Steve Geiseking had the foresight to provide our ship
with a long range scanner which helps determing the exact
locations of the invaders. You are given a certain amount of
time to destroy each wave or the invaders will begin to fire
chasers at you, and these are extremely difficult to avoid.
Developing an ability to use the long range scanner is impor-
tant because it will save you a lot of time and will help to
destroy a wave quickly before any of the deadly chasers
appear.
In addition to the chasers, each wave is made up of
different types of enemy craft, each with different character-
istics. Grabbers will fire at you while they lower themselves
to the planet's surface in order to grab the caloxin crystals
which dot the terrain. After grabbing a caloxin crystal, they
lift off and begin moving toward the top of the screen. There
are two reasons why it is important to destroy the grabbers
before they ascend to the top of the screen. First, if a grabber
succeeds in reaching the top with a caloxin crystal it
becomes a killer — a deadly, intelligent craft which seeks you
out and spews rapid fire. Second, if the enemy succeeds in
capturing or destroyingall your caloxin crystals, you will be
forced to fight "in the outer reaches of space far from the
planet's surface." What this means is that the display of the
planet's terrain disappears and only your ship and those of
the enemy are displayed. Before this happened to me the first
time I didn't think that it would make much difference, but,
boy, does it! Without the surface of the planet scrolling by
beneath you all sense of speed is lost and tracking and
destroying the enemy becomes doubly difficult.
You can avoid this calamity by preserving your caloxin
crystals. There are three ways to do this. First, of course, you
can destroy the grabbers before they seize any crystals. This
is an okay strategy for about the first two waves; after that,
there are just too many of them for this to be effective.
Second, you can destroy a grabber after it has seized a
crystal and begun its acent. If the grabber is destroyed at a
low altitude, the caloxin crystal will drop back to the
planet's surface unharmed. Finally, if you are forced to
destroy a grabber with a crystal at a high altitude you can
catch the caloxin crystal in mid-air and return it safely to the
planet's surface; otherwise the crysta I wi II be destroyed when
it hits the surface.
In addition to the pesky grabbers and chasers, the Praeto-
rians have an array of sophisticated weaponry pitted against
you. Among these are miners which move slowly about the
screen leaving mines which will destroy you if you collide
with them. The only good thing about miners is that they are
relatively easy to shoot down because they move so slowly.
Beamers are deceptive; they sit there barely moving and are
very easy to hit, but when hit, theysplit intothree berserkers
and, boy, is that an appropriate name! These littleattackers
are difficult to shoot down because of their small size and
their violently evasive maneuvers. They are intelligent
trackers and literally spew out lethal rapid fire.
Fortunately our ship is equipped with three "smart
bombs" which, when released, destroy all enemy ships pres-
ently on the screen. However, there are so few of them that
one must be very judicious in their use. Fire them only when
the screen is crammed with Praetorians or when you are
threatened by a chaser.
Your ship is controlled by a combination of joystick and
keyboard inputs. The right joystick controls elevation,
direction and speed. If the joystick is positioned to the left,
our craft moves to the Jeft (that is, the screen scrolls to the
right) and the further left thejoystick is moved the faster the
ship moves. I like this combination of speed and direction in
one control. The fire button controls the laser fire and if you
hold the button down you get continuous rapid fire, a fea-
ture I like very much. It really saves wear and tear on theold
trigger finger. There is a tendency to fly along with the laser
firing at all times but this doesn't really give you much of an
advantage. Pressing the space bar fires one of the smart
bombs, and pressing the "H" key moves your ship into
hyperspace; that is, it moves you immediately to some other
portion of the battle area. This can be very helpful when you
find yourself in an area teeming with Praetorians and you
want to get out fast.
On-screen scoring is provided and also high score for the
session is displayed. You are also kept informed as to the
number of ships remaining, the number of smart bombs
remaining and the current Praetorian wave number. Docu-
mentation is adequate.
If you enjoy good space games then this one is for you.
Another plus: Spectral Associates says it will replace the
tape for only $1.50 should it be accidentally erased or
become unusable for any other reason. (How can you go
wrong with a deal like that?) Fordisk users, instructions are
provided for transferring the program to disk.
(Spectral Associates, 141 Harvard Avenue, Tacoma, WA
98455, $21.95)
— David Johnson
K-2 READING PHONICS
OLD MCDONALD'S
FARM VOWELS
Agame like drill programtopresent long and
short vowels wilh words, pictures and spoken
messages Teacher generated for home and
school. Five challenging levels with scoring,
rewards and reinforcement.
For COCO Color Computers with 16K Ext.
Color BASIC & cass. OMF $14.95 + 2.00 ship-
ping VISA & M.C.
RAINBOW
a ■ ri(j rip*
MM
TEKSYM CORPORATION
14504 County Road 15
Minneapolis. MN 55441
July 1983 the RAINBOW 223
RECEIVED & CER TIFIED
The following products have been recently received by the Rainbow, examined by our magazine staff and approved
for the Rainbow Seal of Certification, your assurance that we have seen the product and have ascertained that it is
what it purports to be.
This month the Seal of Certification has been issued to:
Scramble, a 16K word game for two to four
players. Objective: opponents alternate enter-
ing a 4-15 letter word, the computer scram-
bles the word, and your opponent must
unscramble the word in 2Vi minutes. Four
skill levels. Kaleidoscopic Creations, P.O.
Box 1284, Melrose Park, 1L 60160, tape
$15.95.
The Computer Camp Book, a (8!/ 2 " x 11",
227-page, soft-cover) book on computer
camps and how to become a computer liter-
ate. First, it is a manual on how to start your
own computer camp; second, it is a guide to
computer camps, and third, it tells you how
to become a computer literate. YSCC, 8327
Sheridan Lane, Eden Prairie, MN, $12.95.
TNT-ALYZ, an electronic circuit analysis
program of interest to electronic hobbyists,
hams, and engineers. This program is capa-
ble of computing the gain and phase re-
sponse of complex electronic circuits. In-
cludes a 30-page manual. TNT Software,
Route 2, Box 76 D, Manor, TX 78653, tape
$29.95.
Fastape, a 32K program which doubles the
speed of your cassette operations and allows
\//~»n full nc*» r»f \//~»nr r>occpttp o n/H nrintpr
CoCo Copy, a I6K machine language pro-
gram that will copy BASIC or machine lan-
guage programs including most automatic
start programs. Dataman, Box 43 I, Station
B, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8L 7W2,
tape $12.95.
Pretty Printer, a 16K machine language util-
ity program that will allow you to write your
code in a compact form and list lo the screen
or printer in an easy to read format. Data-
man, Box 43 1 , Station B, Hamilton, Onta-
rio, Canada L8L 7W2, tape $12.95.
P.U.F.F., Printer Utility File Formatter, a
16K program which turns any word proces-
sor into a super printer formatter. Dataman,
Box 431, Station B, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada, L8L 7W2, tape $24.95.
Fraction Math Quiz, a 16K drill program
with five skill levels from introductory ele-
mentary school to advanced high school
fractions. Includes seven fraction operations
and multiple choice format. Creative Tech-
nical Consultants, P.O. Box 652, Cedar
Crest, NM 87008, tape $14.95.
Fire Copter, a 32K full color graphics game
for one to two players. Objective: you are
aboard the Fire Copter, trying to keep your
city from being burned to the ground by the
minions of Pyro Maniac — the firedroids,
while putting out the firesand destroying the
firedroids. Adventure International, P.O.
Box 3435, Longwood, FL 32750, tape
$24.95.
Sea Dragon, a 32K arcade game with seven
skill levels for one or two players. Objective:
you are sea captain of the nuclear sub — the
Sea Dragon; make it through the mine field
to reach your target — the Master mine — as
you snake through treacherous underwater
passages, avoiding mines, depth charges,
stalactites, and enemy attack stations along
your way. Adventure International, P.O.
Box 3435, Longwood, FL 32750, tape
$34.95.
Grafplot, a 16K graph drawing program
used to turn your computer into a data plot-
ter producing graphs of any type of X-Y
data. Hawkes Research Services, 1442 Sixth
Street, Berkeley, CA 94710, Tape $35, 32K
disk $45.
An Adventure in Murder, a mystery game.
Objective: you are a detective hired to find
the murderer of Mrs. McDermitt. While
searching through her four-floor mansion
you are given clues and a list of suspects
enabling you to determine the murderer.
Mr. R's Software, 68 Kelly Road, South
Windsor, CT 06074, tape $14.95.
Zarconian Marble, a 16K checker-style stra-
tegy game for one or two players. Objective:
play against the computer or an opponent
and be the first toeithergetfive marbles in a
row or first to make five captures. CoCo
Hut, P.O. Box 24451, Houston, TX 77015,
tape $19.95.
8-Ball, (Rom Pac) a 16K arcade-type pool
game for two players. Objective: try and be
first to sink all of your balls and then the
8-ball to win the game. Anteco Software,
P.O. Box 14728, 4220 Clay Avenue, Fort
Worth, TX 67! 17, $29.95.
Family, a 32K genealogical data base pro-
gram for up to eight generations and 255
ancestors. Prints pedigree charts, family
groups and a reference index. Available
from The Word Merchant, P.O. Box 232,
Lititz, PA 17543, tape $9.95.
Pie Chart, a 16K graphing program which
allows you to enter data such as monthly
bills, yearly expenditures, etc. Harmonycs,
P.O.Box 1573, Salt Lake City, UT 84110,
tape $10.95.
Help! Color Computer Reference System, a
(4"x 6", 99-page, ringbound, soft-cover) ref-
erence system designed to provide the be-
ginning programmer with the essential infor-
mation needed to write personal and work-
able programs. Wright Books, 54 Vly Road,
Albany, NY 12205, $9.95.
Rainbow- Writer, a 1 6 K high resolution gra-
phics text display utility which allows you to
write text on any graphics screen in rainbow
colors. Rainbow Connection Software,3514
6th Place, NW, Rochester, MN 55901, disk
$32.95.
Electronic Calligrapher, a 16K disk based
calligraphing program that when used with a
printer capable of dot matrix graphics will
print any line, up to 25 characters, in either
an Old English or Chancery cursive-type
font. DSL Computer Products, Inc. 13726
West Warren, Dearborn, MI 48126, disk
$18.95.
Pie Zapper, a high resolution graphics pro-
gram that produces pie cjiarts on the screen.
Includes a 26-page manual. Southern Soft-
ware Systems, 485 Tropical Trail, Suite 109,
Merritt Island, FL 32952, tape $15.95, disk
$19.95.
Convert, a 1 6 K program that will convert
units of length, volume, area or weight from,
or to, the equivalent imperial, metric, nauti-
cal or historical systems of measurement.
Dataman, Box 431, Station B, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8L 7 W2, tape $9.95.
Filmastr, a general purpose database man-
ager in data entry screen format which holds
up to 20 data fields. The Computer House,
Box 1051, DuBois, PA 15801, tape $29.95,
disk $34.95.
Time& Money, a financial planningaid that
will determine the value of investments and
compare various methods of handling invest-
ments. The Computer House, Box 1051,
DuBois, P A 1580 1 , tape $ 1 9.95, disk $24.95.
Master Control II, a 16K machine language
program designed to increase the speed it
takes to write BASIC programs. Includes a
Fastape, a 32K program which doubles the
speed of your cassette operations and allows
you full use of your cassette and printer,
while the computer is running at high speed
mode. Spectro Systems, 1 1 1 1 1 N. Kendall
Drive, Suite A-108, Miami, FL 33176, tape
$21.95.
Function Graphing Module, a I6K program
that allows you to graph functions of a single
variable on the high resolution graphics
screen of your computer. Includes a 53-page
manual. Calcsoft, P.O. Box 401, St. Ann,
MO 63074, tape $19.95.
Amortise, a 1 6K program which allows you
to print amotization charts. Showing for
each month, the date due, amount to princi-
pal, amount to interest, total interest to date,
balance still owing and totals for each year.
Dataman, Box 431, Station B, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8L 7W2, tape $9.95.
224 the RAINBOW July 1983
plastic keyboard overlay. Soft Sector Mar-
keting, Inc., 6250 Middlebelt, Garden City,
MI 48135, tape SI9.95. SSM is offering
owners of the original Master Control an
update to the newer version for $8 plus $2
S & H.
Color Graphics Editor (CGE), a 16K ma-
chine language program that allows you to
create on screen high resolution graphics
which can also be transferred to disk. Soft
Sector Marketing, Inc., 6250 Middlebelt,
Garden City, Ml 48135, tape S 19.95.
Color Caterpillar, a 16K machine language
arcade-style game for one or two players.
Objective: destroy the caterpillar in seg-
ments by firing missiles and gaining points
by killing off mushrooms, tarantulas, and
beetles. Soft Sector Marketing, Inc., 6250
Middlebelt, Garden City, MI 48135, tape
$19.95.
Colonial Trilogy, a series of three new 32 K
games with high resolution graphics. Volume
I, Colonial Wars, a two-player space battle
game with a split screen concept. Objective:
colonize and battle for control of an eleven-
star system while commanding massive bat-
tle carriers, fighter squadrons, freighters and
planetary defenses. Volume II, Zyron, a
space battle game for two players. Objective:
battle within an asteroid field while one
player tries to slip freighters past the others 1
defenses. Volume 1 1 1, Questar, an adventure
game for one player. Objective: explore over
30 planets and encounter unknown civiliza-
tions, deserted cities, and busy starports
while searching for hidden Zyron bases.
HYCOMP, P.O. Box 15331, Tulsa, OK
74158, $19.95 each or all three tapes for
$49.95.
BLACKJAQ!,a I6K casino simulation card
game of "2 1 " for one to five players. Objec-
tive: beat the dealer's hand without going
over 21 points. Federal Hill Software, 825
William Street, Baltimore, MD 21230, tape
$19.95.
Harness Handicapper, a 16 K program that
applies established handicapping techniques
and the power of the computer to the ratings
of harness horses, which will enable you to
improve your betting performances at the
race track. Federal Hill Software, 825 Wil-
liam Street, Baltimore, MD 21230, tape
$24.95.
CoCo Accountant, a 32K home or small
business accounting program that allows
you to keep records of yearly expenses while
providing information at tax time without
thetask of sorting through cancelled checks.
Federal Hill Software, 825 William Street,
Baltimore, MD 21230, tape $15.95, disk
$21.95.
Printer Artist, a I6K four-program cassette
and tutorial package on computer art. In-
cludes two programs containing 1 2 ready to
run pictures and an instruction booklet for
49 other drawings which can be created,
printed and saved to tape or disk using the
two utility programs which will enable you
to use those instructions to create pictures.
Federal Hill Software, 825 William Street,
Baltimore, MD 21230, disk $19.95.
Pick Which, a 16K machine language game
for all ages. Objective: search the screen in
an effort to choose the most desirable pic-
ture. Detailed pictures fill the screen along
with sounds. Spectral Associates, 141 Har-
vard Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98466, tape
$9.95.
Space Race, a 16 K RAM machine language
game with high resolution graphics and
sound. Objective: maneuver your ship
around the four-cornered race track while
destroying alien ships and watching out for
mines laid by the swarmers. Spectral Asso-
ciates, 141 Harvard Avenue, Tacoma, WA
98466, tape $21.95.
C-Trek, a 16K space combat game. Objec-
tive: you are the captain of the ship and it is
your task to destroy all the invading forces
before they can launch their attack on the
Federal seats of power. Spectral Associates,
141 Harvard Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98466,
tape $8.95.
Color Zap, a 16K high resolution graphics
arcade game with 15 skill levels and sound.
Objective: zap the onslaught of alien attack-
ing ships as they seek to destroy you to gain
entrance to the Stargate — which you are
defending. Spectral Associates, 141 Harvard
Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98466, tape $9.95.
Home Money Manager, a disk-based per-
sonal checkbook system. It tracks data by
date, paid to, check number, account num-
ber, amount of check, and current balance.
Each of the printed reports will show month-
ly deposit total, expense total, gain or loss,
and current balance. Computerware, Box
668, Encinitas, CA 92024, disk $19.95.
Introduction to Data Communications, a
five part, 16K program requiring Extended
BASIC, designed to teach beginners the
basic ideas and terminology to use a data
communications device. Computerware,
Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024, tape $17.95.
Moon Hooper, a 32K arcade game with five
skill levels. Objective: you are out on test
maneuvers in the new exploration machine,
the Moon Hooper and must avoid being
blasted by enemy saucers while firing phas-
ers and racing toward your home base.
Computerware, Box 668, Encinitas, CA
92024, tape $24.95.
Morocco Gran Prix, a 32K race car game.
Objective: you are part of the pit crew and in
Juan 4i e! Racero" Gomez's absence, you
sneakingly take his high-powered racer out
for a test driveand are caught in the middle
of the actual race. See how well you can do,
avoiding crashes and demolitions. Compu-
terware, Box 668, Encinitas, C A 92024, tape
$21.95.
Indexer, a 16K machine language utility
program which producesa sorted list of var-
iables and line numbers used in your BASIC
program. ML-US'R Software, 115 Rising
Sun, Fort Mitchell, KY 41017, tape $14.95.
Label III, a 16K mail list program which will
print lists or labels of three or four line
addresses and a telephone number. Owls
Nest Software, P.O. Box 579, Ooltewah,TN
37363, tape $19.95.
Clock, a 16K machine fanguage time clock
program that uses the interrupt that is gen-
erated by the VDG. Chroma-Systems Group,
P.O. Box 366, Dayton, OH 45420, tape
$9.95.
CCADS, Color Computer Assembly Lan-
guage Debugging System, a 16K complete
language software development monitor.
Included are a 6809 line assembler and disas-
sembler, hex and ASCII memory dump,
memory alteration routines, serial printer
capabilities, and a user software execution
controller with six breakpoints, and user
register storage and modification. Chroma-
Systems Group, P.O. Box 366, Dayton, OH
45420, tape $19.95.
Unlock, a menu driven disk backup utility
which produces copies of diskettes that can-
not be backed up using the BACK UP com-
mand from BASIC. Chroma-Systems Group,
P.O. Box 366, Dayton, OH 45420, disk
$24.95.
Chroma-Keys, a 16K utility program that
will reduce the amount of time required to
key in magazine listings by adding a click
sound when a key is pressed. Chroma-
Systems Group, P.O. Box 366, Dayton, OH
45420, tape $9.95.
Program File, a I6K Extended BASIC pro-
gram that will organize your cassettes. Owls
Nest Software, P.O. Box 579, OoItewah,TN
37363, tape $14.95.
Kodomo-no-go, a I6K or 32K Japaneese
named game for five in a row played on a 1 9
x 19 board. For one or two players and four
skill levels. This game issimilarto tic-tac-toe
which is also included on both tapes. Inter-
cept Enterprises, P.O. Box 4016, Cherry
Hill, NJ 08034, 16K tape $14.95, 32K tape
$19.95.
Fundfile, a 16K Extended BASIC portfolio
and account management program for secur-
ities. Creates files for up to 900 transactions
and 50 securities. Parsons Software, Dept.
A, 118 Woodshire Drive, Parkersburg, WV
26101, disk $27.95.
The Seal of Certification program is open to all manufacturers of products for the TRS-80 Color Computer, the
TDP-I00, or the Dragon-32, regardless of whether they advertise in the Rainbow. By awarding a Seal, the magazine
certifies the program does exist, but this does not constitute any guarantee of satisfaction. As soon as possible, these
hardware or software items will be forwarded to the Rainbow's reviewers for evaluation.
— Jutta Kapfhammer
July 1983 theRAINBOW 225
By Linda Nielsen
Having spent a
little time in Las
Vegas recently
(most of it at the Consu-
mer Electronics Show,
honest!), I thought
it might be interesting to
write a bit about pro-
grams to calculate the
probabilities for some
games of chance. This is
my way of beginning to
talk about the whole area of programming
probability and statistics.
Interestingly enough, there is no generally
accepted definition of probability among
mathematicians, even though everyone has an
intuitive understanding of what probability
means. The classical interpretation of probabil-
ity, and the one I will use, depends on the con-
cept of equally likely events. For example, if
you flip a coin and it has an equal chance of
showing a "heads" or a "tails," then each of
those outcomes has a l /> or 50 percent probabil-
ity. It may be hard to imagine how equally likely
events can be found in weather forecasting, but
they are quite common in games of chance.
Let's examine what happens when a single die
is thrown. Imagine this die is one of those six-
sided kinds you once used in Monopoly or that
you see at crap tables in
Las Vegas. Before you
ever throw that cube, you
know thatwhenitlands,a
side will be showing on
the top. You also know
that the top side will have
between one and six spots
on it. You know that you
are not going to see one
side with two hundred lit-
tle spots on it. So you
simply throw away the idea of getting two
hundred. A statistician would say that the
probability of getting two hundred in one roll of
an ordinary six-sided die is zero.
On the other hand, if the die has already been
thrown but you can't see the top side, you can
still imagine the probabilities. If you don't
know what happened, from your perspective
the outcome is still uncertain even though the
event happened in the past.
Since you know for certain that the number
of dots showing will be between one and six, we
say that the probability of a whole number
between one and six is equal to one. The proba-
bility of the sure or certain event is always equal
to one.
If this is a fair die, then each of the outcomes
one through six is equally likely. An unfair die is
226
theRAINBOW July 1983
What's blue and red, about an inch tall, able to leap
across a Color Computer video display in a single bound,
and destined to put Inky, Winky and Stinky out to
pasture?
Danger Ranger, the newest character from
ScreenPlay. That's who.
Danger Ranger isn't a clone of some moldy arcade
game. It isn't like any video game you've ever seen. It's
faster. More challenging. More fun.
Your joystick controls Danger Ranger on his mission
to make the universe safe for Mom, Brotherhood and
The American Way. First, our hero finds himself in the
surrealistic 'Chamber of Pasha,' which consists of five
consecutive platforms. Danger Ranger has to blast his
way through radioactive bats and roving eyes to pick up
the ten keys that may spell the difference betwen survival
and death for the human race!
If Danger Ranger can muster enough skill and courage
to survive those challenges, he'll enter the 'Acid Cham-
ber.' Here, not only do demons guard the treasure boxes
he wants to collect, but fatal drops of acid fall from the
ceiling and rise from the floor. Not a nice way to make a
living - but it makes one heck of a video game.
Danger Ranger, from ScreenPlay.
Poor Winky. Lucky you.
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ScreenPlay™
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* Radio Shack and Color Computer ait trademarks of Tandy Corp.
one of those that usually or always shows a particular
number on the top and you wouldn't want to mess with one
like that. (In a future article I will discuss how you could
write a program to do a good job of guessing if a particular
die is a fair one or not.) If each of the numbers, one through
six, is equally likely then probability of any particular
number coming up must be 1/6. If we built a fair die with
four sides numbered one through four, then the probability
of each number between one and four being the number on
the bottom would be 1/4. Similarly, a fair, 20-sided die
numbered from one to 20 has a 1/20 chance of showing each
number between one and 20 and a zero probability of any
other outcome.
The probability of getting a number Jess than five on a
six-sided die would be the probability of getting a one or a
two or a three or a four. It isn't possible to get both a two and
a three in one roll so we can add the probabilities of one,
two, three and four to arrive at the probability that the
number will be less than five. That is 1/6+1/6+1/6+1/6 or
4/6=66667.
Now we are ready to write a simple program to calculate
the probability of some outcomes from a single throw of an
"N" sided die. First clean up the screen, then query the user
for the number of sides on the die.
IOOCLS:INPUT"HOW MANY SIDES ON THE DIE";N
Next calculate the probability of each number using the
formula: probability=l / number of sides.
IIOP=I/N:PRINT"THE PROBABILITY OF EACH
NUMBER FROM I to 4l, N;"IS";P
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INTO HARD COPT
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Next, put in a program loop to calculate the probability
that the number of the die will be less than each of the
numbers from I to the highest number that exists on the die.
Statisticians call this a cumulative probability table and you
can see why:
120 FOR J = l TON:T=0:FOR K=I TOJ' T=P+T:NEXTK
130PRINPTROB ABILITY OF <=";J;"IS ";
140PRINT USING "#.#####";T: NEXT J
If you want the program to return to the beginning to
accept new parameters, then add these lines:
160 R$=INKEY$:IF R$=""THEN 160
170 GOTO 100
If you want the cumulative probability table to be sent to
the printer then change line 140 and add line 150:
140 PRINT USING"#.####/T;T;
150 PRINT#-2,"THE PROBABILITY OF <=";J;" = ";T:
NEXT J
Now let us consider a more interesting question. Most
games of chance involve throwing more than one die. The
most common one I know of is the game of craps in which
two, six-sided dice are thrown. But thereare also games like
Dungeons and Dragons which use one or more four, six,
eight, twelve and twenty-sided dice. Next, we will write a
program to determine the probability of any selected
number when you throw from one to five "N" sided dice.
Clean up the screen and ask the user for the number of dice
and the number of sides on each of the die.
100CLS:INPUT "HOW MANY DICE (U5)";D : INPUT
"HOW MANY SIDES";N
Suppose we are throwing three, four-sided dice. Each of
these dice is an equilateral pyramid with sides numbered one
through four. When it lands there are three sides showing
and one facing down. Imagine that the dice are different
colors so we can distinguish among the first, second and
third die. The first die has a 1 /4 chance of having a one on
the bottom side. Assuming, (and it seems a safe assumption)
that the dice don't influence each other, thesecond and third
die also have a 1/4 chance of showing a one on the bottom.
Then the probability of a total throw of three is ( 1 /4)*( 1 /4)*
(1/4) or 1/64 which is 0.015625.
Consider theevent that the first die has a three, thesecond
die has a two and the third die has a one on the bottom. This
exact event also has a probability of (1 /4)*( I/4)*( 1/4) or
0.015625. Notice, however, that the sum of the die is now
3+2+1 or six, and we can get a six in several different ways.
In tabular form we could get a six by:
First Die Second Die Third Die
I I 4
1 4 1
4 1 I
I 2 3
1 3 2
2 I 3
2 3 I
3 1 2
3 2 I
2 2 2
228 the RAINBOW July 1983
In all there are ten different ways that we could get a six
from the roil of three four-sided dice. Each of these ten
different sequences is equally likely. That is, each of the
sequences has a probability of 0.0 1 5625. Nevertheless, when
rollingseveral dice, we are usually interested in the sum and
not in the precise order of each die. So if we are interested in
the probability of a six in this example it would be 0.015625
+ 0.0 1 5625 + 0.0 1 5625 etc for ten times. M ore simply, that is
10 x 0.015625 or 0.15625.
We want to use our program to calculate the probability
of each simple (or equally likely) event and then add up all
the occurrences of this particular event. The next line of the
program calculates the probability of each simple event:
1 10 P=(l/N)tD
The next line of the program asks the user what number is
wanted and sets the program variables to zero:
120 INPUT"YOU WANT'l:: T=0: E=0: F=0: G=0: H=0:
M=0
Then we want to calculate the occurrences of the chosen
number, L, over all the dice and all the numbers one through
N:
130 IF D=I THEN T=P: GOTO300
140 IF D>4 THEN FOR E=I TO N
150 IF D>3 THEN FOR F=l TO N
160 IF D>2 THEN FOR G=lTON
170 IF D>l THEN FOR H=l TO N
180 FOR M=l TO N
190 Z=E+F+G+H+M
200 IF Z=L THEN T=T+P
210 NEXT M:NEXT H: IF D=2 THEN 300
220 NEXT G: IF D=3 THEN 300
230 NEXT F: IF D=4 THEN 300
240 NEXT E
300 ?"YOUR PROBABILITY IS ";:PRINT USING
"#.######";T
310 GOTO 1 10
This program works. (Whew! I'm so proud!) It runs quite
slowly if you have lots of sides on your dice. I imagine there
are some programmers out there who can improve on my
system, and I would appreciate hearing from them.
I seem to have left you with lots of dice that are hard to
build. Can you imagine a one-sided die? Well, I can't either,
but try it anyway because it will demonstrate something
about probability. Remember the probability of the sure or
certain event is always one. Moreover, these programs are
not limited to dice games. If you have cards or balls or slips
of paper numbered one through "N," the outcome from one
random draw is the same as throwing one die. If you return
your draw, mix up the items and draw again; that is like
throwing two "N"sided dice. Statisticians call this sampling
with replacement because if you get a two on the first draw
you can get a two on a later draw, also. In other words, items
are not removed from the pool of possibilities when they are
chosen. Next time I will discuss how you might write a
program to determine the probabilities of some card games
where the cards are dealt without replacement.
One last note about Las Vegas. From the perspective of
classical statistics, the house will always win. Nevertheless, if
you enjoy gambling you can consider it entertainment and
enjoy your fling. 1 had a wonderful time playing the vjdeo
Black Jack and Poker. The screen graphics were stunning
PO loi 3flfl
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 229
and at $.25 the price was low enough for my entertainment
budget. Remember something else: even unlikely events do
happen. If the probability of winning is only 0.01 you can
still win. Just don't try it too often!
(Ms. Nielsen has taught economics and statistics in
several universities for the past 10 years.)
Listing 2:
Listing 1:
100 CLS: INPUT "HOW MANY SIDES ON
THE DIE" JN
110 P-1/N:PRINT"THE PROBABILITY
OF EACH NUMBER FROM 1 TO"|N|"IN
"|P
120 FOR J-l TO N:T-0:FOR K-l TO
j: t-p+t:next k
130 pr i nt " probab i l i t y of <-"|j|"
IS "I
140 PRINT USING "#.#####" I T:
150 PRINT#-2, "THE PROBABILITY OF
<-" I J I " - " |T: NEXT J
160 R*-INKEY«: IF R*-"" THEN 160
170 SOTO 100
100
110
120
140
0:6'
1S0
160
170
180
190
195
200
240
260
300
:PRI
CLS: INPUT 11 NUMBER OF SIDES" |N
I NPUT " NUMBER OF DIE (1-5) "|D
P-l/ (N A D)
I NPUT "YOU WANT"|L:T-0:E-0:F-
0:H-0:M-0
IFD>4 THEN FORE- 1 TON
IFD>3 THEN FORF-1TON
IFD>2 THEN FORB-1TON
IF D>1 THEN FORH-1TON
I FD- 1 THENT-P : 6OTO300
FORM- 1 TON
Z-E+F+B+H+M
IFZ-L THEN T-T+P
NEXTM:NEXTH: IFD-2THEN300
NEXTB: IFD-3THEN300
NEXTF: IFD-4THEN300
NEXTE
PR I NT "YOUR PROBABILITY IS "I
NTUS INS"#. ######" | T
GOTO 120
VOI
CE
RECOGNITION
For
your 16K
TRS-80 Extended Basic Color Computer
By Cary D. Perttunen
Using your cassette recorder's condenser microphone, the COLOR TALK TO ME software
package can let you use your own voice as an alternate means of input for any of
your BASIC programs. Over 200 words can be stored in 16K RAM. With a little
practice, you can attain from 80% to over 90% accuracy for most applications.
The COLOR TALK TO ME Software Package includes:
-COLOR TALK TO ME machine language subroutine
-The BASIC subroutine which can merge COLOR TALK TO ME with your programs
-Complete instructions on how to use and incorporate COLOR TALK TO ME
in BASIC programs
-Two application programs:
1. VOICE CALC- Use your voice to enter arithmetic problems and VOICE CALC
will display the solution.
2. SCREEN PAINTER- Say a color and the screen will be painted that color.
ALL OF THIS ON TWO CASSETTES FOR ONLY $49.95!!!
ColorSoft Software Co. will soon be releasing voice recognition programs which can be used
once you buy COLOR TALK TO ME. Coming soon: Connect More, Crosswords & more!
ATTENTION PROGRAMMERS: ColorSoft Software Co. will market original voice recognition
programs using COLOR TALK TO ME with excellent royalties in return.
Dealer
Inquiries
Invited
Send check or money order to:
Add $2.00 shipping
ColorSoft Software Co,
11764 Raintree Ct.
Utica, MI 48087
230 the RAINBOW July 1983
mRevi&w
Filmastr: A Handy Do-It-All
Filing System For CoCo
One of the reasons that I bought a disk, aside from the
inherent speed, was to enable me be explore more serious
applications of my CoCo. Sure I like games, but itseemed to
me to be a waste of computing power when all 1 was doing
was eating "power dots," and protecting cities from being
destroyed.
I took my first step in this direction when 1 bought a word
processor. The next step I took was to write a program to
keep track of my growing library of programs. After I wrote
it, I started to think of other things that I wanted to keep
track of. 1 did not want to have to write a new program for
each application 1 could think of so I started to think about a
"do-it-all" program. At about the same time I began to see
ads for this type of program, so 1 figured that 1 would lay
back and let someone else do the work for me.
Filmastr is just such a program. With it you can create and
maintain just about any kind of file that you can think of. It
features full screen editing of data, copying fields from one
record to the next while adding information, machine lan-
guage sorting, record selection, print formatting, and of
course, adding, changing and deJetingof the records in your
file.
When the program is RUN, a title screen appears with a
menu of two choices. You can either define a new file or load
an existing one. Since you must define your file before you
can do anything else with it 1 will discuss this first.
The first thing you do is to give your file a title (or name as
1 prefer to call it). You then define all of your fields and their
lengths. While you are doing this the fields as well as the title
can be placed almost anywhere on the screen. Also each field
is assigned a number for future reference. I thought that this
was a nice feature, because it allows you to determine
exactly how the screen will look when you are using it later
on.
Once your file is defined you are told how many fields it
has, the length of the file and how many records it can hold.
This definition is then saved, and you are ready to start
working with your file.
In order to begin working with your file you must first
load it. This may seem like the obvious thing to do, but it
also applies to files that have just been defined that have no
records in them yet. After your file is loaded, the bottom of
the screen shows your choices at this point.
The first thing that you will be doing is to add some
records to your file. This is done using the screen format that
you defined previously. Entering data is done one field at a
time, and you can use the arrow keys to correct any mistakes
before you hit ENTER.
From this screen you can also load in another file. This
requires that both files be defined in exactly the same
manner, and allows you to merge several small files into a
larger one. More on this later. This screen also has the Sort
option, which will allow you to put your file into any
sequence. You can sort on more than one field but you
cannot sort in descending order. The other options here are
to End the program, which will ask you if you have saved
your file, and to List your file.
When listing your file, you can browse through it quickly
on the screen using the arrow keys. If you hit the BREA K
key, another menu is presented at the bottom of the screen.
This menu has six additional options. From it you can
change or delete records. These are pretty straightforward,
so I won't go into them any further.
The Select option allows you to work with a subset of the
file. Any field can be used in the selection. You can also use a
portion of a field, as well as two relational operators. For
example, you can select name e^ual to "S" for all names
starting with the letter "S," or name equal to "PETERS" for
all names of "PETERS," "PETERSON," or whatever. The
relational operators can be used, for example, to select all
Zip Codes greater than "20000."
The Save option allows you to save your file. The interest-
ing thing here is that your file is saved based on the records
that have been selected. If the Select option has not been
used, then all the records are saved. However, if you have
selected records, then only those selected will be saved.
These smaller files can be used just like any other and can
always be merged together, which provides a good amount
of flexibility.
The Sum option allows you to add up any numeric field
and will give you a total of the field. By combining this
feature with the Select feature, you can get totals for any
part of your file.
The Print option (you guessed it) will print your file to the
screen or printer. In order to print a file you must define a
"print format." This format tells the program which fields
are to be printed, and in what order. You can also add spaces
or whatever you like between the fields, and you can print
the fields on several lines. An example of this would be if you
wanted to print name and address labels. You would print
the name and address on separate lines, thecity followed by
a comma and a space, the state followed by a space, and the
Zip Code. Although this sounds very flexible, you cannot
format numeric fields with embedded commas or periods,
and you cannot produce listings with headings or page
numbers — very basic features in my opinion. Also when
listing to the screen, you will have to hit the shift and "@"
keys to stop it from scrolling off the screen.
All things considered, Filmastr is a very good utility pro-
gram. The documentation is very well written, and will guide
the first time user through the various options with no
problem. If you want to do some serious work with your
CoCo, I recommend that you check it out.
(The Computer House, Box 1051, DuBois, PA 15801,
$29.95 tape, $34.95 disk)
— Gerry Schechter
80C VOICE SYNTHESIS !!!
BUILD YOUR OWN VOTRAX SC-flt SPEECH MODULE THAT PLUGS INTO
THE SERIAL PORT. ENJOY THE FUN THAT COMES WITH BEING ABLE
TO PROGRAM YOUR SYSTEM TO SAY ANY T^XT YOU WISH. USE IT TO
ENHANCE GAMES. AS A TEACHING AID, OR TO HELP A DISABLED
FRIEND. NO SPECIAL TOOLS REQUIRED. SIMPLE STEP BY STEP
INafRUCTIONS USING EASY TO OBTAIN RADIO SHACE STOCK PARTS
(Except the VOTRAX chip, for which I provide a supplier's list),
COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS, INCLUDIMG SAMPLE PROGRAMS. 15.86
* OR *
CUSTOM MADE PRINTED CIRCUIT SEND CHEQUE OR MONEY
BOARD. REDUCES WIRING TO A ORDER TO: B.T.PEARCE
MINIMUM. INCLUDING SAMPLE 763 MULVEY AVE.
PROGRAMS AND INSTRUCTIONS. WINNIPEG MANITOBA
liS.fle PLUS 41.88 POSTAGE CANADA R3M 1G4
Manitoba residents include 5% sales tax
July 1983 the RAINBOW 231
SoitwamEmmm
■ SB
A Icatraz II Unsuccessful
As Great Escape
A Icatraz II is a graphic escape game using low resolution
graphics (PMODE I ). In your role as a convict, you franti-
cally try to escape from the penitentiary, avoiding guards,
robots and the trained killer, the Minotaur. After CLOAD-
ing the Extended BASIC program, you start the game by
choosing to use either the four arrow keys or the right
joystick.
You maneuver your figure through a maze of square cell
blocks, hopingto find a clear escape path from the wing. The
exit of each wing is located on the right side of the screen.
There are also guards in the wing who constantly patrol the
hallways. Your figure moves at the same speed as the guards,
so there is no chance of being outrun. If a guard catches you,
the escape is unsuccessful and the game is over. Between
some of the blocks are closed gates. You cannot pass
through the closed gates, but when a guard passes through a
gate, he opens it, leaving you a way out. The key to the game
is to lure the guards toward you. If a guard sees you in his
hallway, he will move toward you, opening all gates in his
way. li you take toomuch time in a wing, you should expect
to see the hall lasers. After a short buzzing alarm, five lines
slowly emerge down each ha 11, from either the right or top of
the screen. You must quickly move to a safe hallway to avoid
being zapped. Unfortunately, the lasers will close any pre-
viously opened gates. If you reach the exit of the wing, your
score will be added up and displayed. After you escape each
wing, the number of guards in each wing increases. You
must get through two more identical wings before encoun-
tering the Minotaur.
In the fourth wing, you will see the Minotaur, two walls,
and three force fields with their corresponding switchboxes.
The Minotaur moves in random directions, but moves faster
than you, so you have to react quickly. Once in the Mino-
taur's lair, you must deactivate the force fields by entering
the switchboxes. You may hide from the Minotaur in the
switchboxes because he is too large to enter. You cannot
pass through a wall, but the Minotaur can, leaving a hole in
the wall. Waiting for the Minotaur to destroy a particular
segment in the wall can take a considerable length of time, a
wait that is quite tedious.
After eluding the Minotaur, you must get through two
more wings to complete the escape of the first building. The
second and third buildings are identical to the first in struc-
ture, except for additional robot guards. The robot guards
move slower than you, but they always move directly toward
you, forcing you to make quicker decisions than before. You
must take advantage of the robots' slower spee^ to avoid
being captured. The great escape is over when you exit the
third building.
On the opposite side of the tape of Alcalraz II, there is an
instruction program. This program explains the important
aspects of playing, and introduces you to the characters.
Personally, 1 would rather read instructions on the screen
than on paper any day. The instruction program also gives
you hints on playing and automatically starts loading the
main program. The documentation also explains the bug in
ROM which may yield a SN error because of the PCLEAR
statement. If this occurs, simply type RUN again and all
should be well.
The movements of the figures are slow and choppy due to
the limitations of Extended BASIC. The program also
makes use of sound and keeps track of the high score.
Alcatraz II, 1 believe, does not compare with the high
quality of some other games of this type for the Color
Computer, but the price is not high, either.
(Spectral Associates, 3416 South 90th Street, Tacoma, WA
98409, $8.95 on tape)
—Joe Esposjto
About Your Subscription
Your copy of theRAlNBO dissent third class mail and, for subscribers
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receive your copy by the 25th of any month, send usa card and we will mail
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You must notify us of a newaddress when you move. Notification should
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Maintains :
8 Generations
5S Ancestors
Points :
Pedigree Chart
Family Groups
ef. Index
I
Requires :
32K - ECB
HAI NUDUM
. ■
232 the RAINBOW July 1983
Robottack: A Fast-Paced,
High-Res Shoot 'em up
When Robottack arrived for review, the first thing that
struck my mind was, "Oh no, not another clone of the
famous Beserk game! Can't they think of anything new?"
Well, I 'm glad to Say I was wrong (maybe even dead wrong).
Although there are robots and humans involved in this
game, it does not incorporate the mazes and rooms of the
well known arcadegame. As a matter of fact, one of the neat
features of this game is the ability to move freely all around
the screen. You are the "super human" who must fight off
the attacking robots and save the remaining humans from
destruction. The left joystick is used to move your human
anywhere on the screen, and the right one to shoot in any of
eightdirections. This takes a little getting used to at first, not
only to coordinate the movement between the two joysticks,
but to "untrain" yourself that the fire button shoots bullets.
In this game, the fire button is used only to start playing.
As you successfully fend off the robots, you move to
another "frame," and the action starts over again, only with
more difficulty. I don't know how many frames there are,
but after about 10 minutes of play, I progressed to frame 1 1
and achieved a score of28,000 points. I'll spend a few hours
trying to reach the heights of Robottack fame. There are
plenty of obstacles to overcome, however, since there is not
just one kind of robot, but guardian robots, gunner robots,
mind robots, and bombs. The bombs look like "X's," and
they chase after you very very fast.
The beginning of each new frame starts off with great
audio/ visual effects, as your super-human "materializes" in
the center of the screen, similar to the famous Imagic game,
Demon Attack. At the same time, your foes appear at var-
ious random points on the playfield, wasting no time as they
start to seek you out. Each new frame brings more vicious
robots and faster action. IVe discovered that it's not neces-
sary to clear each new frame entirely of robots, which leads
me to believe that new playfields are achieved by reaching
certain point levels.
Although many games claim to be (and indeed are) in
machine language, thatdoesn't necessarily mean that they're
done well. All too often, the sound effects suffer for the
graphics, or vice versa. Intracolor did a good job with this
one, taking full advantage of the Color Computer's sound
and graphics abilities. It is a fast-paced, high-resolution,
arcade style shoot 'em up, and for those of you who like that
kind of thing, this is a good bet. It's designed for one or two
players, with the top five scores displayed on the screen.
They were thoughtful enough to includea PAUSE feature
which you activate by pressing the space bar. But my game
has paused long enough — it's time to get to frame 12.
(Intracolor Communications, P.O. Box 1035, East Lansing,
MI 48823, $24.95 cassette, $27.95 disk)
—Bob Safir
New Frog Is A
Prince Of A Program
Tom M ix Software has done it again! Their newest addi-
tion to the company's list of software is The Frog.
The Frog is an almost flawless derivative of Frogger.
Everything in Frogger is here in The Frog. There are lady
frogs, treacherous diving turtles, pesky flies, hungry alliga-
tors and deadly snakes to contend with.
In case any of you out there have not seen Frogger or The
Frog, here is a description of how the game works. The
object is for you, the frog, to travel from the bottom of the
screen to the top and safety. Sound easy? Not quite.
There are cars, trucks and other vehicles that would love
to run your green body into the pavement. There are about
five rows of this before you reach the middle of the screen —
if you live that long. Here is a safe place from the cars, but,
on screen three, a snake moves back and forth when you
reach this spot and would like frog legs for dinner.
Ahead of you are another five rows of water and numer-
ous logs and turtles move back and forth in different direc-
tions at varying speeds. \Jntortunate\y, your frog can't swim
and getting your feet wet is fatal. Now we jump on a group of
turtles and wait there. Oh no, their backs are only showing
now; better get off before they submerge and we get all wet.
So we quickly jump onto a passing log.
What do we have here? A girl frog! Like a lady or gentle-
man you'll help her get across the river, for an extra 200
points. Now we jump on another faster log and — what's
this? — a snapping alligator is moving towards us! Don't
jump into gator's jaw or we will be someone's lunch. We'll
jump on his back.
Now we slowly move along watching the clock in order
not to run out of time. Here comes a home safe spot, our
destination. Before we jump, a fly appears in that spot, so
now, instead of being eaten, let's eat the fly and get 200 extra
points. We must do that five more times before we go to
another screen and a harder challenge.
The detail of this game is amazing. Some of the cars have
exhaust coming out of them as they move. The logs roll. The
turtle's legs move. When turtles dive there are bubbles. The
fly flaps his wings. Thegator'sjawsand tailmoveand, when
you are killed, a skull and crossbones appear over the spot.
The Frog uses the highest graphics mode and is written in
machine language.
The Frog, fortunately, takes the middle ground in diffi-
culty. It is not too hard as to be impossible, but not too easy
as to be boring, and after some practice you can actually get
good.
(Tom Mix Software, 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, MI
49505, $27.95 on tape, $30.95 on disk)
-Jeff White
July 1983 the RAINBOW 233
UTILITY
RAINBUG
111
Part three of a series on our
new machine language
monitor being developed
by the author, Rainbow
Technical Editor,
Dan Downard
In last month's installment we added a section of machine
code to the Rainbug monitor showing how to calculate
offsets and mentioned the different types of addressing
used in a 6809 microprocessor. This month we will add the
facility of calculation of postbytes, such as those used in
indexed and indirect addressing of Rainbug and discuss the
different types of instructions understood by the machine. If
you are having trouble inputtingthe machine code into your
CoCo look in this issue under "Rainbow Info" for a quick
BASIC program for inputting machine language routines.
Remember the starting address for Rainbug is $3000 in the
listing, but it can be changed toany address you desire. Until
you are sure it is functioning properly it is best to leave it at
$3000.
6809 Instructions
Machine code instructions can be divided into five major
categories according to the affected registers:
Instructions Register(s)
•8-Bit Accumulator and Memory
Instructions A,B
• 16-Bit Accumulator and Memory
Instructions D
• Index/ Stack Pointer Instructions X,Y,U,S
• Branch Instructions CC
• Miscellaneous Instructions All
For your reference we are including a list of all instructions
in Table I through 5. By looking at the mnemonics and the
description following them you can follow assembly texts in
any article as they are used exclusively with the addressing
(Dan Downard is an electrical engineer and has been
involved in electronics for 24 years through ham radio
(K4KWT). His interest in computers began about five
years ago and he has built several 68 XX systems.)
modes discussed in last months segment to describe all of the
available machine code functions. We will examine an
instruction from each set to familiarize us with the pro-
cedure.
8-Bit Accumulator
and Memory Instructions
For our example let's look at the ADDA instruction, or
add memory to accumulator A. This particular instruction
is also valid for the B register, thus the notation ADDB. It
canbe used with all but inherent addressing modes since the
value of any memory location is added to the A registerand
the a register is replaced with this value. Certain bits of the
CC (Condition Code) register are affected by this operation
and for anything but simple binary arithmetic must be
examined for future operations.
16-Bit Accumulator
and Memory Instructions
The STD instruction stores the 16-bit value in the D
register, which is the A and B registers combined, at any
memory location depending on the addressing method in
use. How can you store a 16-Bit valueat one8-Bit memory
location? You can't. The 16-Bit value is actually stored at the
memory address specified and the next consecutive byte.
Again, the inherent mode is the only type of addressing that
can't be used.
Index/Stack Pointer Instructions
What happens when you want to store a value for future
reference such as a return address for a subroutine. The
microprocessor does this automatically when you execute
certain instructions through the use of the S, or Stack Pointer
register. In reality, this is a memory location in RAM whose
location is recognized by the 6809 through your instruction
such as LEAS. If you notice f rom Table 3 there are actually
two stacks, the S and U registers. The S register is always
234
the RAINBOW July 1983
recognized by the microprocessor as the primary, or hard-
ware, stack. Any register c^n be temporarily saved f orfuture
use by instructions such as PSHS or retrieved by the PULS.
What these instructions do is provide a method of organiza-
tion for logical temporary storage of variables and ad-
dresses.
Table 1
8-Bit Accumulator and Memory Instructions
Table 2
16-Bit Accumulator and Memory Instructions
■ _ 1
Instruction
Description
AULA, AULB
Add memory to accumulator with carry
AnnA Anno
Aoo memory to accumulator
ANDA, ANDB
And memory with accumulator
A CI A CI A ACID
AbL, AoLA, AoLU
Arithmetic shift of accumulator or memory left
IACD ACDA A C D D
|ASn, ASRA, ASRB
Arithmetic shift of accumulator or memory right
1 QITA QITQ
| DM A, 01 1 D
bit test memory with accumulator
CLR, CLRA, CLRB
Clear accumulator or memory location
, compare memory rrom accumulator
LUM, LUMA, LUMU
Complement accumulator or memory location
UAA
Decimal adjust A accumulator
DEC, DECA, DECB
Decrement accumulator or memory location
EORA, EORB
Exclusive or memory with accumulator
EXG R1, R2
Exchange R1 with R2 (R1, R2-A, B, CC DP)
INC, INCA, INCB
Increment accumulator or memory location
LDA, LDB
Load accumulator from memory
LSLj LSLA, Lb LB
Logical Shift left accumulator or memory location
LSR, LSRA, LSRB
Logical shift right accumulator or memory location
MUL
Unsigned multiply (AxB-D)
NEG, NEGA, NEGB
Negate accumulator or memory
ORA, ORB |
Or memory with accumulator
ROL, ROLA, ROLB
Rotata accumulator or memory left
ROR , RORA r RORB
Rotate accumulator or memory right
SBCA, SBCB
Subtract memory from accumulator with borrow
STA, STB
Store accumulator to memroy
SUBA, SUBB
Subtract memory from accumulator
TST, TSTA, TSTB
Test accumulator or memory location
TFR R1, R2
Transfer R1 to R2 (R1, R2 = A, B, CC, DP)
NOTE:
A, B r CC, or DP may be pushed to [pulled from) either stack with PSHS, PSHU
(PULS, PULU) instructions.
Branch Instructions
Remember the offset calculator from last month's article?
Offsets are used in conjunction with branch instructions to
compare values in a program requiring a decision on howto
proceed. I suppose a simple program is the best way to
illustrate. Using the memory examine function of Rainbug,
enter the following program into memory starting at $2000.
$2000
8E AI47
LDX
#$AI47
$2003
A6 80
LDA
,x+
$2005
BD A30A
JSR
$A30A
$2008
8C A16F
CMPX
#$A16F
$200B
26 F6
BNE
$2003
$200D
39
RTS
This particular program should tell you what version of
ROM you have in your computer. Notice that the routine
printed the value of memory at the location of the X register
and compared it each time with $A 16F. If it was not equal,
another character was printed.
Miscellaneous Instructions
This group of instructions is a grab bag of commands that
are not directly related to any specific register. For example
the JMP instruction tells the 6809 to change the value of the
program counter, thereby moving program execution to a
different address. Essentially when you execute an EXEC
instruction in BASICyou are doing the same thing. Did you
Instruction
Description
ADDD
Add memory to D accumulator
CMPD
Compare memory from D accumulator
EXG D, R
Exchange D with X, Y, S, U, or PC
LDD
Load D accumulator from memory
SEX
Sign Extend B accumulator into A accumulator
STD j
Store D accumulator to memory
SUBD
Subtract memory from D accumulator
TFR D, R
Transfer D to X, Y, S, U, or PC
TFR R, D-
Transfer X, Y, S, U, or PC to D
NOTE:
D may be pushed (pulled) to either stack with PSHS, PSHU (PULS, PULU)
instructions.
notice the interrupt instructions? We will cover interrupts
and condition codes next month.
Rainbug
Two new commands are added to Rainbug this month.
One was actually in the listing last month but omitted from
the commands.
X Exit to BASIC
E Encode Postbyte
The X command is self explanitory and executes as soon as
the key is depressed, so be careful. If hit by accident an
EXEC command from BASIC will return you to Rainbug.
The E command has the following syntax:
E ,X++
E HHHH,PCR
E H,X
"See" Music!!
•The KALEIDOPHONE allows your Color Computer to 'listen to"
your hi-fi and display what it "hears" on your TV!
•Dedicated hardware lets the computer devote full-time
to creating the displays, so breath-taking, animated pic-
tures in full color are easy to program,
•Just plug the KALEIDOPHONE into hi-fi and joystick inputs.
•Do not confuse with imitations — the KALEIDOPHONE
continuously delivers actual volume signals (64 levels in
stereo). Works on any CoCo ( 16K recommended),
KALEIDOPHONICS, our users' newsletter (FREE with purchase)
contains dozens of new display ideas in each issue — a literally
infinite variety of patterns is possible!
•The KALEIDOPHONE is something really new. Great for
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•Only $ 49.95 fully assembled including detailed instructions.
BONUS: free issue of KALEIDOPHONICS on cassette!
NEW SALEM RESEARCH
West Main Street
New Salem, Mass. 01355
Write for free
sample programl
Kaleid
July 1983 the RAINBOW 235
The preceding examples are all mnemonics requiring a
postbyte as part of the op-code. The E command will auto-
matically calculate the postbyte for you. The letter "H" is
input to indicate the number of hex bytes needed in the
expression.
Table 3
Index/Stack Pointer Instructions
Instruction
Description
CMPS, CMPU
Compare memory from stack pointer
CMPX, CMPY
Compare memory from index register
EXG Rl. H2
Exchange B. X. V, 5, U or PC with D. V. Y. S. U or PC
LEAS. LEAU
Load effective address into stack pointer
LEAX, LEAY
Load effective address into index register
LDS, LDU
Load stack pointer from memory
LDX. LDY
Load index register from memory
1 PSHS
Push A, B, CC, DP. D, X, Y, U, or PC onto hardware stack
rpsHu
Push A, B, CC, DP, D, X, Y, X, or PC onto user stack
1 PULS
Pull A, B, CC, DP, D, X, Y, U, or PC from hardware stack
PULU
Pull A, B, CC, DP. D, X, Y. S, or PC from hardware stack
STS, STU
Store stack pointer to memory
STX, STY
Store index register to memory
TFR R1. R2
Transfer D, X. Y, S, U, or PC to D, X, Y, S, U, or PC
A8X
Add E accumulator to X ^'-.signndl
Summary
It looks like this four-part series is going to be extended
another month out of necessity to cover all of the material
intended in short, hopefully digestible, segments. Next
month we will cover interrupts and the CC register. We will
add tape and disk commands to Rainbug leaving break-
points for last. So far the starting, ending and execute
addresses are $3000, $3302, $319E. Notice that the lookup
table is different due to addition of a newcommand. Seeyou
next month!
Table 4
Branch Instructions
Instruction
Description
SIMPLE BRANCHES
BEQ. LBEQ
Branch if equal
BNE. LBNE
Branch if not equal
BMl. LBMI
Branch if minus
BPL, LBPL
Branch if plus
BCS. LBCS
Branch if carry set
BCC, LBCC
Branch if carry clear
BVS, LBVS
Branch if overflow set
BVC, LBVC
Branch if overflow clear
SIGNED BRANCHES
BGT, LBGT
Branch if greater (signed)
BVS, LBVS
Branch if invalid twos complement result
BGE. LBGE
Branch if greater than or equal (signed)
BEQ. LBEQ
Branch if equal
BNE. LBNE
Branch if not equal
BLE, LBLE
Branch if less than or equal (signed)
BVC. LBVC
Branch if valid twos complement result
BLT, LBLT
Branch if less than (signed)
UNSIGNED BRANCHES
BHI. LBHI
Branch if higher (unsigned)
BCC, LBCC
Branch if higher or same (unsigned)
BHS, LBHS
Branch if higher or same (unsigned)
BEQ, LBEQ
Branch if equal
BNE, LBNE
Branch if not equal
BLS, LBLS
Branch if lower or same (unsigned)
BCS. LBCS
Branch if lower (unsigned)
BLO, LBLO
Branch if lower (unsigned)
OTHER BRANCHES
BSR, LBSR
Branch to subroutine
BRA, LBRA
Branch always
BRN, LBRN
Branch never
236 the RAINBOW July 1983
Table 5
Miscellaneous Instructions
Instruction
Description
ANDCC
AND condition code register
CWAI
AND condition code register, then wait for interrupt
NOP
No operation
ORCC
OR condition code register
JMP
Jump
JSR
Jump to subroutine
RTI
Return from interrupt
RTS
Return from subroutine
SWI, SWI2. SWI3
Software interrupt (absolute indirect)
SYNC
Synchronize with interrupt line
Re primed from the MC6809 - MC6809E Microprocessor Programming
Manual with the permission of Motorola, Inc.
00100 *RAINBUG
00110 *DAN DOWNARD REV 2
00111 *LINES 100-2550 AND LINES
00112 *2885-3080 APPEARED IN PARTS
00113 #1 AND 2 OF THIS SERIES
Ovvv
00120
ORG
$3000
71 AQ
0 1 Ho
00130 CHDBAD
EQU
ERROR
00OL-
00140 SKIP2
EQU
$8C
HVVV
00150 POLCAT
EQU
$A000
00160 CHROLIT
EQU
$A002
02555 *TABLE OF COMMANDS
79015
JLVJ
02560 CMDTBL
EQU
*
7 r )fl*s
Al
02570
FCC
1 w w
/B/
JIOiL
VVr L
02580
FDB
BKPT-*
A7
*tO
02590
FCC
l w w
/C/
J/107
vvrv
02600
FDB
CALL-*
Ul ILL
AA
02610
FCC
/D/
vvtt
02620
FDB
DISK-*
02630
FCC
III
02640
FDB
ENCDE-*
oil 1
hi
02650
FCC
/G/
JlIl
vvti
02660
FDB
GO-*
3214
A P
4C
02670
FCC
III
3215
n n p* i
00E7
02680
FDB
LOAD-*
3217
4D
02690
FCC
mi
3218
FOEB
02700
FDB
CMEM-*
321A
40
02710
FCC
/@/
321D
00E2
02720
FDB
PRINT-*
321D
4F
02730
FCC
101
321E
0017
02740
FDB
0FFS-*
3220
50
02750
FCC
IPI
3221
00DD
02760
FDB
PUNCH-*
3223
52
02770
FCC
/R/
3224
00DB
02780
FDB
REG-*
3226
53
02790
FCC
/S/
3227
00D9
02800
FDB
STLEV-*
3229
54
02810
FCC
HI
322A
00D7
02820
FDB
TRACE-*
322C
56
02830
FCC
/V/
322D
00D5
02840
FDB
VER-*
322F
57
02850
FCC
/W/
3230
FE5C
02860
FDB
CWIND0-*
3232
58
02870
FCC
III
3233
002A
02880
FDB
EXIT-*
03085 ENCODE
A POSTBYTE
3263 6F
E2
03090 ENCDE
CLR
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3265 5F
03100
CLRB
32A0 26
F6
03350
BNE
ENLP2
3266 30
8D 0048
03110
LEAX
CDNV1,PCR
32A2 E6
IF
03360
LDB
-1.1
326A 17
326D 81
FF01
l PGR
* • * w • ■
32A4 EA
E4
03370
ORB
,s
5B
03130
CMPA
#$5B
32A6 E7
E4
03380
STB
,s
326F 26
07
03140
BNE
EN2
32A8 30
E4
03390
LEAX
,s
3271 86
10
03150
LDA
#$10
03395 *PUT CHAR ON SCREEN
3273 A7
E4
03160
STA
.8
32AA 17
FEBB
03400
LBSR
0UT2HS
03165 *NEXT
CHARACTER
32AD 17
FED3
03410
LBSR
PCRLF
3275 17
FEF6
03170 ENGET
LBSR
INCH
32B0 35
84
03420
PULS
PC, D
03175 *END
DF ENTRY
03425 *TABLE
OF VALID
INPUTS
3278 81
0D
03180 EN2
CMPA
#$0D
32B2
41
03430 CONV1
FCC
/A/
327A 27
0E
03190
BEG
END1
32B3
04
03440
FCB
$04
03195 *LOOK UP CHAR
IN TABLE
32B4
42
03450
FCC
IB!
327C 6D
84
03200 ENLP1
TST
i*
32B5
05
03460
FCB
$05
327E 1027
FF26
03210
LBEQ
ERROR
32B6
44
03470
FCC
/D/
3282 Al
81
03220
CMPA
,X++
32B7
06
03480
FCB
$06
3284 26
F6
03230
BNE
ENLP1
32B8
48
03490
FCC
IWI
3286 EB
IF
03240
ADDB
-M
32B9
01
03500
FCB
$01
3288 20
EB
03250
BRA
ENGET
32BA
48
03510
FCC
IWI
328/) 30
8D 004D
03260 END1
LEAX
CCINV2 ? PCR
32BB
01
03520
FCB
$01
328E IF
98
03270
TFR
B,A
32BC
48
03530
FCC
IWI
3290 84
60
03280
ANDA
#$60
32B0
01
03540
FCB
$01
3292 AA
E4
03290
ORA
,s
32BE
48
03550
FCC
IWI
3294 A7
E4
03300
STA
,s
32BF
00
03560
FCB
$00
3296 C4
9F
03310
ANDB
#$9F
32C0
2C
03570
FCC
/,/
3298 6D
84
03320 ENLP2
TST
,x
32C1
00
03580
FCB
$00
329A 1027 FF0A
03330
LBEQ
ERROR
32C2
2D
03590
FCC
/-/
329E El
81
03340
CMPB
32C3
09
03600
FCB
$09
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32C4
2D
03610
FCC
/-/
32DF
1288
03870
FDB
$1288
32C5
01
03620
FCB
$01
32E1
1389
03880
FDB
$1389
32C6
53
03630
FCC
/S/
32E3
1486
03890
FDB
$1486
32C7
78
03640
FCB
$70
32E5
1585
03900
FDB
$1585
32C8
59
03650
FCC
m
32E7
168B
03910
FDB
$168B
32C9
30
03660
FCB
$30
32E9
1780
03920
FDB
$1780
32CA
55
03680
FCC
IUI
32EB
1881
03930
FDB
$1881
32CB
50
03690
FCB
$50
32ED
1982
03940
FDB
$1982
32CC
58
03700
FCC
III
32EF
1A83
03950
FDB
$1A83
32CD
10
03710
FCB
$10
32F1
828C
03960
FDB
$828C
32CE
2B
03720
FCC
hi
32F3
838D
03970
FDB
$838D
32CF
07
03730
FCB
$07
32F5
039F
03980
FDB
$039F
3230
2B
03740
FCC
/+/
32F7
00
03990
FCB
$00
32D1
01
03750
FCB
$01
03995 RETURNS FOR
FUTURE ROUTINES
32D2
50
03760
FCC
IPI
32F8 39
04000 BKPT
RTS
32D3
80
03770
FCB
$80
32F9 39
04010 CALL
RTS
32D4
43
03780
FCC
III
32FA 39
04020 DISK
RTS
32D5
00
03790
FCB
$00
32FB 39
04030 GO
RTS
32D6
52
03800
FCC
IRI
32FC 39
04040 LOAD
RTS
32D7
00
03810
FCB
$00
32FD 39
04050 PRINT
RTS
32D8
5D
03820
FCC
/]/
32FE 39
04060 PUO
KTS
32D9
00
03830
FCB
$00
32FF 39
04070 REG
RTS
32DA
FF
03840
FCB
$FF
3300 39
04080 STLEV
RTS
03845 CONVERSION TO
SET POSTBYTE
3301 39
04090 TRACE
RTS
32DB
1084
03850 C0NV2
FDB
$1084
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04100 VER
RTS
32DD
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FDB
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 239
A Tale of Three Flexes
By Dr. Laurence D. Preble
All in favor of more powerful software for the Color
Computer say Aye! Good . . . Now, someone explain
to the Russian ambassador that rumble he heard
was not a nuclear test — only the unanimous agreement of a
megaton of CoCo users.
If you have been following my periodic reviews, you know
that Flex (TM of Technical Systems Consultants) is a pow-
erful alternative disk operating system for the Color Com-
puter. An incredible variety of business software is designed
to run under Flex. A number of programming languages are
available including Pascal, Fortran, RS BASIC, RS Assem-
bler, TSC BASIC, TSC Assembler, Relocating Assembler,
Macro Assembler, Mumps, Forth and "C." Another reason
1 use Flex with the Color Computer is that it allows me to
run high performance disk drives as well as the standard
Radio Shack drives. One drive 1 use can handle nearly a
megabyte of storage; that translates to over 200 programs
stored on one disk!
Data-Comp was the first to "have" Flex for the Color
Computer about two years ago. Commercial distribution
did not actually begin until 1982. Their current offering has
evolved considerably since the early beginnings which
required hardware adapters and much software modifica-
NEW FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
GRAFPLOT
HIGH RESOLUTION DATA GRAPHING
GRAFPLOT turns your COLOR COMPUTER Into a sophisticated
data plotter, producing professional quality graphs of any type
of X-Y data. GRAFPLOT is perfect for persohal, business, statis-
t ist lea I , scientific and engineering applications, includes features
not found in any other COLOR COMPUTER graphing system:
■ 222x174 pixel on-screen data plotting area.
■ Complete on-screen labeling for two Y-axes w/200 data
points per axis leven more points by chaining data filesl.
" 9 graphing options: 3 symbols w/2 line types or points only.
■ Full function data editing: add, change, delete and sort.
■ Hardcopy w/standard screenprint programs [not suppl ied l -
includes Interface for Tandy SCRPRT w/lnstructions for
interfacing other printers and screenprint programs.
■ Unlimited overlays -plot 9 or more data sets per graph.
■ Graphs output to screen, printer, tape or disk.
■ Plots any user-defined function, edit 4 program lines.
■ Built-in data smoothing Imovlng binomial average!.
■ Built-in integration -calculate areas or evaluate integrals of
user-defined functions.
■ Lists data and integrals to screen or printer.
■ Saves completed graphs for instant reloading.
■ Menu-driven w/auto-prompt option for fast throughput.
■ Complete error trapplng-GRAFPLOT won't let you make a
mistake, practically impossible to crash.
■ Comprehensive manual w/tutorlals and sample data.
GRAFPLOT is available for 16K E.C.B. on cassette l$35l and.32K-
1 disk i$45l. Easy upgrade to disk for difference In price (disk
version reads and writes tape data filesl. Send check or money
order to: HAWKES RESEARCH SERVICES, 1442 Sixth St.,
Berkeley, CA, 94710. Include $3 S/H on all orders. Manual
available separately for $10 + S/H, refundable with purchase
of GRAFPLOT. CA residents add state sales tax.
Dealer inquiries welcome. Quantity discounts available.
tion. Frank Hogg Labs began offering their commercial
version in early 1 982. This implementation was actually the
first to run on an "almost"stock CoCo. I say almost because
it still required the hardware addition of 64K chips as do all
current versions of Flex. Brand new is the offering by Spec-
tral Associates. If each version of Flex were totally identical
with its companions, it would not matter much where you
purchase Flex. Life is rarely that simple. Technical Systems
Consultants (TSC) authored the original versions of Flex;
those versions, however, will not run on the Color Compu-
ter without modification. It is the modifications to Flex that
are unique to each distributor.
Modifications to Flex consist of special input/ output
routines, video display implementations, printer drivers and
disk drivers. Methods of installing Flex in the CoCo vary as
well. In addition, each distributor has provided certain
added attractions which we will discuss in some detail.
Data-Comp Flex
Data-Comp does not actually sell a fully modified version
of Flex — what they do sell is the F-MATE(RS) conversion
for TSC Flex. The user, however, may purchase both the
F-M ATE(RS) conversion and TSC General version of Flex
from the people at Data-Comp; it is then, a relatively simple
procedure to combine the conversion package with Flex to
have a working system. Once a "boot up" disk has been
created, you can enter Flex from Radio Shack Disk BASIC
by typing RUN "FLEX."
Once you have entered Flex, you may select a high resolu-
tion video display; you are no longer limited to the standard
Radio Shack 32 column by 1 6 row screen format. A 5 [ x 24
display format is most useful; it provides good legibility on
most TVs while giving you the added features of upper and
lower case characters and an X Y addressable cursor. Inverse
video is also available. One very nice extra is that Data-
Comp provides you with the Assembly Language Source
listings of the video routines so that you may modify them at
will. You may create screen formats of 32 x 16, 32 x 24,42 x
24, 51 x 24 and 64 x 24. (Data-Comp also provides Source
Code for a total of eight of its support commands, a freebie
not currently available from other companies.)
Another salient feature of Data-Comp Flex is its NEW-
DISK command. NEWDISK allows you to format a new
disk any way you like within the physical limitations of the
disk drive you are using. You may specify double or single
sided, double or single density and you may specify the
maximum number of tracks available. Up to this point,
everything I have mentioned is also true of the other com-
panies' NEWDISK commands; however, Data-Comp's
NEWDISK also provides you with a running commentary
on how the formatting is proceeding. Formatting a mega-
byte disk on a high performance drive takes several minutes
and may lead you to believe your system has "hung" or
crashed; so it is very nice to visualize the progress being
made.
Although It is fine to use a Radio Shack disk drive with
Flex, the formats of a Flex diskette and a Radio Shack
diskette are dissimilar and therefore incompatible; however,
Data-Comp provides three utilities for exchange of infor-
mation between Radio Shack and Flex diskettes. RSREAD
is a machine language command which will read a file from a
Radio Shack disk and transfer the information to a Flex
disk. This function is provided free. RSDIR is a machine
language command which displays the directory of a Radio
Shack disk — also free. Frank Hogg Labs does provide a
command which includes the functions of RSREAD and
240
the RAINBOW July 1983
RSDIR but Hogg's version is written in DB ASIC which you
must purchase separately. Spectral Associates does not cur-
rently provide a similar function. RSWRITE is a machine
language command which will write a Flex file to a Radio
Shack disk. Currently, neither Frank Hogg Labs nor Spec-
tral Associates offers such a function. Finally, RSCVBIN is
a machine language command which will rearrange the
format of a Radio Shack machine language program so that
it will run under Flex. No other company currently offers
this function.
Also provided free is CCBASIC, a conversion for Radio
Shack Extended BASIC to run under Flex. The conversion
allows you to LOAD and S A KEboth BASIC and machine
language programs in Flex format. Special disk input/ out-
put routines such as individual sector read/ write functions
are not implemented.
Data-Comp providesan unusual printerdriver command
that checks to see if the printer is ready before outputting
data. Without such a feature, your system will "hang up"
and need to be reset if you attempt to send data to the printer
port with no printer available.
MEMEX and D1SKEX aretwomore interesting machine
language commands which allow the user to examine and
change memory or the sectors of a disk respectively.
D1SKRATE allows the user to set the stepping rate of a
DISK drive. This is useful because some high performance
drives can step up to five times faster than normal Radio
Shack drives.
USERKEYS providesa means of defining your own con-
trol codesand special characters not available on the normal
Color Computer keyboard.
When you buy the Flex package from Data-Comp, they
also include a full feature Editor and Assembler from TSC.
This is not exactly a freebie, however, because Data-Comp's
price for their Flex package is higher than either the Frank
Hogg Laboratories or the Spectral Associates version.
For those of you who wish to purchase or already own a
separate terminal, Data-Comp sells a handy utility called
TERM. For $19.95 you receive a package that allows
another terminal to access the Color Computer. An interest-
ing feature is the recognition of the BREAK key on the
terminal. While using EXT and receiving output from the
computer, you may press BREAK on the terminal which
will cause the output to pause. You may then press ESC to
continue output or press a carriage return to abort output.
One truly unique feature of TERM is ^automatic recogni-
tion of baud rates from the terminal.
Overall, I was impressed with Data-Comp's version of
Flex. There were a few aspects 1 felt were lacking or could
stand some improvement. One example which really stands
out is that the people at Data-Comp never purchased a
license for Flex from TSC. Both Frank Hogg Labs and
Spectral Associates purchased the rights to distribute Flex
at a cost of from $ 12,000 to $20,000. A license to Flex allows
the distributor to freely modify the operating system and to
distribute the end result at whatever price they choose. By
not purchasinga license to Flex, Data-Comp must sell their
package of modifications separate from Flex and devise a
method for the user to combine the modifications with the
Flex package. This is not so bad but does add an extra step
to setting up Flex. To reiterate, anybody, including you or I,
can sell TSC Flex; of course, TSC will receive most of the
MARKET CHARTER
LOG
DATA NETWORK
PROFESSIONAL LEVEL INVESTMENT TOOLS NOW AVAILABLE FOR THE
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VOLUME FILES VIA MODEM UTILIZING LOCAL AREA PHONE NUMBERS.
SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS:
COLOR COMPUTER 32K*
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PRINTER (Optional)
HAYES SMARTMODEM
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PRICE: MTS MARKET CHARTER— $95.00
MTS LOG & DATA NETWORK— $25.00 Per Month
PRODUCT MANUAL— $25.00 If Purchased Separately
MTS
Market Timing Software, Inc.
6912 N. Sheridan Rd.
Chicago, IL 60626
Send Order Or Inquiry To:
'ALSO AVAILABLE FOR TRS 80 MOD III, II, 12 AND 16; IBM-PC, APPLE II PLUS, ETC.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 241
profit unless we agree to pay X amount of dollars to license
the product. Once we obtain the license, we owe TSC
nothing more and can modify and distribute Flex at will.
Without a license, the problem is that the price of Flex is
set by TSC. Theoretically at least, both Spectral Associates
and Frank Hogg Labs could cut prices on their versions of
Flex as low as they like becaue the own the rights to Flex and
pay no further royalties on each sale. In practice, however,
the prices of the three Flex versions are fairly competitive.
Frank Hogg Labs Flex
Frank Hogg Labs has been supplying Flex for the Color
Computer for over a year now but has been supplying
business software to run under Flex since 1979, long before
the Color Computer was invented. The FHL version of Flex
is well done. Installation of Flex is very simple because you
do not need to do any procedures to modify Flex. Insert the
system disk provided into drive 0 and type RUN "FLEX."
FHL Flex also privdes several high resolution screens
such as 32 x 24, 5 1 x 24, 64 x 24 and even 64 x 32. Again, I
find the 5 1 x 24 screen most useful in all versions of Flex as it
provides the best compromise between legibility and density
of information. The FHL video formats provide all of the
expected features plus a few unique features. Like Data-
Comp and Spectral Associates, FHL gives you an addressa-
ble cursor, upper and lower case, control codes and inverse
video. Extra functions include an optional status bar at the
bottom or top of the screen like the fancy professional
terminals. It is also possible to "protect" certain portions of
the screen. That is, you can put a block of information on the
screen and keep it from scrolling or being overwritten. FHL
KALEIDOSCOPIC CREATIONS
PRESENTS
SCRAWBjC£
AN AMAZING NEW WORD GAME
FOR 2 TO 4 PLAYERS THAT
CHALLENGES THE INTELLECT.
WILL YOU HAVE THE "SMARTS"
TO UNSCRAMBLE THE
FOUR DIFFICULTY LEVELS.
FUN FOR ALL AGES.
GREAT AT PARTIES.
16K NON-EXT. TAPE
SEND $15.95 (DELIVERY INCL.) TO
©
KALEIDOSCOPIC CREATIONS
P.O. BOX 1284
MELROSE PARK, IL 60160
FOR THE TRS 80 COLOR COMPUTER
RAINBOW
video routines also allow special methods of generating all
of the ASCII characters and codes without the necessity of
defining user keys.
A very handy feature of FHL Flex is the HELP com-
mand. Did you forget how to work a certain command like
CAT?Type HELP CAT to get the answer. No other version
of Flex currently offers this feature.
FHL also provides a printer driver that is built into Flex.
That means the driver is immediately available without
loading from disk. You can even send a special control code
form the keyboard to cause everything that outputs to the
screen to also output to the printer. This is especially useful
for getting hard copies from programs that were not
designed to access the printer port. Baud rates up to 9600 are
provided.
The SETUP command is very powerful. You may use
SETUP to alter the printer baud rates, setup parameters for
an external terminal, set up stepping rates for your disk
drives and examine and change portions of memory. You
can even use the SETUP command to tell the operating
system what kind of disks you have; once the system is
informed that you have a 40 track single sided drive, it would
not waste time trying to format that drive 80 track or double
sided. FHL's competitors at Data-Comp seem to feel that
this aspect of SETUP is a waste of time and an extra step. On
other Flex systems, if you attempt to operate a disk drive
beyond its capacity it will flop around for a while but even-
tually give up. On FHL Flex the system immediately knows
if you try to overextend a drive's capability and aborts
gracefully. Is the extra step of using SETUP worthwhile?
Well, before deciding, remember that this only need be done
once and then forgotten. The other mentioned functions of
SETUP are undisputably worthwhile.
For those who own or intend to buy a professional dumb
terminal, a useful set of commands is EXT and INT. Like
Data-Comp's TERM command, EXT gives control of the
computer to an external terminal which would normally
include a professional full function keyboard and an 80 x 24
character display. INTrestores control to the Color Compu-
ter's internal keyboard. As with Data-Comp's TERM com-
mand, the BREAK key is recognized to cause a pause in the
output stream. Unlike Data-Comp's TERM command,
baud rates to the terminal are initialized with the SETUP
command. Also unlike Data-Comp's TERM command,
EXT and INT are included in the purchase price of FHL
Flex.
Some of you may be interested in learning Assembly
Languageand may need some editingcapability butare not
willing to spend a hundred bucks for the software. Frank
Hogg Labs recently began including an Interactive Assem-
bler and a Tiny Editor free when you purchase their version
of Flex for $69.95. I know that Data-Comp includes a full
feature Assembler and Editor with their Flex. The catch is
that Data-Comp charges $ 1 99 for their basic Flex package.
Neither the Interactive Assembler (ISM) nor the Tiny Edi-
tor (TED) are as powerful as their grownup counterparts
but they are surprisingly capable for their size. ISM assem-
bles code directly to memory and can immediately execute
the code, hence the term "Interactive." Also included is the
ability to examine and change memory. TED is line oriented
and allows global searches and changes.
So far, everything I have described is included when you
buy FHL Flex for $69.95. For an extra $30, you can buy
DBASIC which I feel is well worth the expense. DBASIC is
FHL's conversion of Radio Shack's Disk Extended BASIC.
242
the RAINBOW July 1983
MIND BOGGLING
ADVENTURES
BEACON
by PA L Creations
You are the new keeper of an old
lighthouse. The fact you have no ex-
perience doesn't matter as the old keeper
will meet you there to show you the ropes.
32KEXT $14.95
MANSION OF DOOM
by PAL Creations
Rescue the Princess Marlcna from the
mysterious Count Von St ei no IT and re-
unite her with i he townspeople ol her
village in Transylvania. The Count's man-
sion has 76 distinct locations for you to
explore in your rescue attempt.
32KEXT $14.95
STALAG & ENO
bv PAL Creations
1) You are an allied POW in a German
prison camp in 1944 and were forgotten in
the hot box when the camp was evacuated
due to unexpected bombing raids. How
will you get ou! ALIVE?
2) Your eccentric old aunt just died and
left you a fortune in cash. To prove you
deserve it, you must decipher the clues
and find your fortune, which she hid in
her living room.
32K EXT Both for $14.95
OLDIES BUT GOODIES.
JUNGLE TREK
RAINBOW
CE«»h*»C*iiOn
II *-L
Lost in a jungle with wild animals lurking;
your only survival is to find a safe com-
pound before you are lunch for lions;
high resolution; multi-color.
I6KEXT $14.95
SCORE EZ
From 1 to 6 people can play this excellent
adaptation of a popular board game. The
computer keeps score for all players, and
rolls dice. You can roll again just like the
original game. Properly position the
results of each turn for maximum score.
The only thing you will need besides your
computer is players. Color graphics and
sound will entertain you for hours, and
it's EZ to play.
I6K EXT $15.95
BIORHYTHM
PSYCHIC APT.
RAINBOW
1) Prints biorhythm charts of nearly
unlimited length; attractively formatted
for use on Line Printer VII. 16K
2) Your psychic ability is determined
through questions evaluating your psychic
experiences
16KExt Both for $15.95
EVASION
by PAL Creations
You have just escaped from a Cierinan
prison camp. That was the easy pan . Now
you must get out of Germany!
32k EXT $19.95
TOWER CASTLE
from Moreton Bay
CARIBBEAN ODYSSEY
You are stranded on a Caribbean island
once used by pirates to store their
treasures. While searching over 70 distinct
locations, can you find your one chance
for rescue" 1
BLACK SANCTUM
bv Mark Data
17.95
EL DIABLERO
by Compaterwure
$19.95
32K EXT
$19.95
RAINBOW
$19.95
CALIXTO ISLAND
hv Mark Data
$19.95
J ARB
1
N
C
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
COMPUTER PRODUCTS
I636D Avenue, Suite C
National City, CA 92050
(619) 474-6213
Dealer/ Author Inquiries Invited
All programs uiirraniicd 00 day*, from date uf purchase
lo original purchaser. Unle.v, otherwise specified, ship-
ping and liandfing S2.00 per order. California residents
add (i ft 'o sales lax.
U.S FUNDS ONLY
C.O.D. ORDERS ACCEPTED
NO CREDIT CARD ORDERS
THE FINAL
COUNTDOWN
ccr..*..** h v Bm & oeblue Cook
St It.
You are outside a missile base which has
jusi been evacuated because a beserk
General has started the countdown on a
nuclear missile - target: MOSCOW.
Your mission, if you accept it, is to stop
the missile launch and prevent WWII I.
I6K EXT $14.95
S.S. POSEIDON
hv Biff & Debbie Cook
You are aboard the S.S. Poseidon when il
is capsized by a tidal wave. It is floating
bottom-up on the surface and taking on
water. Will you survive to tell your tale?
16k EXt ..... . .... $14.95
SANDS OF EGYPT
'ISK S29.95
UTILITIES
Disk to Tape (Tom Mix)
Tape to Disk ( I om Mix)
Color Diagnostic (Computerware) . . .
Programmers Toolkit (Moreton Bay).
GNT (Graphics *n Text) . t + .
19.95
19.95
17.95
28.95
19.95
From Computerware:
ARCADE ACTION!!!
Pac Auack I I, Poodle Bug, Shark Treasure 24.95
Megapede, Rail Runner - , 21 .95
Syniher 7 Music Synthesizer , 24.95
From Iniracolor:
From Tom Mix:
Colorpede 29.95 Roboitack T^^Jr 24.95
The King, Kaierpiller 24.95
Protectors, Moonlander ♦ ► ♦ ♦ 1 5.95
Bird Auack ^y^/\ ' • - 2, - 95So, ° p ° o1 17 ' 95
Space Shuule . . . >^2w> 28.95
From Spectral Associates:
'HE
Galax Attax 21.95
Planet Invasion 24.95
Ghost Gobbler 24.95
FOR SERIOUS APPLICATIONS:
Telewriter - 64 (Cognitec) 49.95 Cass. 59.95 Disk.
Mailing List (Tom Mix) 19.95 Disk
Coco Writer (Moreton Bay) 34.95
File Cabinet (Moreton Bay) 29.95
Report (Moreton Bay) 24.95
Excellent Royalties
ALL SUBMISSIONS EVALUATED
Send S.A.S.E.
Nearly all the disk commands have been adapted to work
with Flex. Implemented disk commands include FREE,
DRIVE, VERIFY, LOC, LOF, DSKIS, DSKOS, OPEN
and CLOSE. Only random files have notbeenimplemented.
Nearly all of my disk oriented RS BASIC programs will now
run under DBAS1C. This is different from Data-Comp's
CCBASIC which will allow you to LOAD and SA KE pro-
grams in Flex but does not implement the other disk I/O
commands. Of course, you must pay extra for DBASIC
wh