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DISK DRIVES
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Tandon40 Track Ml
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Model III 16K
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PRINTERS
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Model III 48K
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64K Ram Chips
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PT-210 Portable Terminal
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Okldata 80
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MODEMS
Okidata 82A
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Lynx DirectConnect Ml/Mill
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Okidata 83A
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Parallel Printer Cables are
Hayes Smart Modem II
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Okldata 84 Parallel
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Hayes Smart Modem 1200
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Okidata 92
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Under the Rainbow
Feature Articles
28
COVER acrylic © 1983 by Fred
Crawford.
Flashy Program, By Thunder/ John Plaxton 16
Graphics A bolt from the CLS3.
Save Your Chips/ William Clements Jr 18
Hardware Install a "Power On" light.
Tick Tock, CoCo Clock/ Alexander B. Trevor 20
Home Control Your computer becomes a timepiece.
First Saturday In May/ Rob Becker 28
Game Horse racing for CoCo — Just in time for the
Kentucky Derby.
A Capital Program/ Chuck Faessler 34
Education Can you name all 50 state capitals?
CoCo Cabinet/ Curtis Bauter 36
Construction One man's answer of "where to put it."
The RAINBUG Monitor I Dan Downard 44
Utility The first of four parts aimed at developing our own
monitor program for you.
Iowa Lemonade/ Paul French 60
Simulation Can you make money operating a lemonade stand?
Graphics Grid/ T. Gray 73
Graphics Use a magic slate to sketch pictures.
The New Shell Game/ Robert W. Ericson 74
Home Management Spectaculator shells can enhance your use
of this program.
Keytones Help Input/ James Provost 77
Utility The keys are alive with sound.
Right Justify Numbers/ Mike Hall 77
Help Lining 'em up.
Modems Can Be Your Friends/ Harry Hardy 78
Communication Let's communicate.
What's Going On In There?/ Richard Krankoski 82
Utility Looking at memory in real time.
Smile, CoCo!/ Bruce Rothermel 88
Pictures Photographing your screen.
Build A Light Pen/ Ted Hasenstaub 90
Hardware With charts to aid you.
Tie An ASCII Border 'Round CoCo/ Ray Gauvreau 104
Graphics And your screen will love you.
Micro-Meltdown/C/im Latham & John Erickson 112
Simulation Our feature program features your own nuclear
reactor.
Know When To Hold 'Em . . ./Joseph Kohn 162
Game Colorful Draw Poker.
Offset Easy / Edgar Poulin 172
Help How to offset load — higher or lower.
Living With One Disk/ Me Ivin Hefter 174
Tutorial The best of times, the worst of times.
Unhexing Hex/ Jim Schmidt 178
Tutorial If hex has you hexed, this will help you hexorcise it.
Three Easy Pieces/ Stephen Lai 188
Graphics The animator's art.
Patch The Patch/ Roger Schrag 194
Utility Refinements to the author's EDTASM + Patches.
Well, Treble My Clef/ Larry Konecky 218
Music Repeat these notes.
Crunch These Numbers/ Mark Laessig 234
Statistics And make graphs, too.
Departments
Letters To Rainbow/ Our Readers 6
Rainbow Scoreboard 12
PRINT #-2,/ Lawrence C. Falk 13
Editor's Notes.
Building A Rainbow/ Jim Reed 14
A many-hued preview to this month's issue.
CoCo Counsel/ Tom Nelson 56
The legalities of marketing software.
Corrections 86
Education Notes/ Ste ve Blyn 96
A vowel checker uses strings.
Assembly Corner/ Dennis Lew and ow ski 98
Let ML handle BASIC'S chores.
Using Graphics/ Don Inman 106
Let's make some regular polygons.
About Your Subscription 126
Education And CoCo/ Paul Kimmelman 224
Looking at LOGO.
Submitting Material To Rainbow 132
Turn Of The Screw/ Tony DiStefano 146
Reduce that RF interference.
The Pipeline/ S7<# 158
The Dragon's Byte/ Bill Nolan 170
Better monster management.
Received And Certified/ Staff 198
Basic Trtimngl Jose ph Kolar 200
Care to share?
Back Issue Information 202
Bits And Bytes Of Basic/ Richard White 210
Cassette file management technique.
RAINBOW Info 216
GameMaster's Apprentice/ Bob Albrecht 226
Different dice make different programs.
Advertiser Index . . ♦
Product Reviews
3D Tic Tac Toe/ Kenneth Peters . . .52
64K Screen Expander 100
Android Attack 232
Bar Zapper 136
Beyond The Cimeeon Moon 152
Bridge Tutor I 148
Catch 'Em 72
Conquest of Kzirgla 105
Crystal Revenge 160
Death Star 150
Doubleback 72
Eight-Bit Bartender 208
Electricity Consumption
Monitor 26
File Cabinet 134
Kamikaze 42
LLIST-Rite 204
Panostyk ; .214
Preschool Packs 1, 2, 3 192
Protectors 102
Robot Battle 140
Shark Treasure 144
Space Race 24
Spanish One 40
Speak Up! 132
Spectrum Switcher 207
Super "Color" Disk Zap 138
Super Pro Keyboard 81
Synther-7 156
Weather Watch 80
NEXT MONTH: The printed word will be featured in next month's edition of the
Rainbow.
We'll have a bunch of word games to amuse you — and to help illustrate some string
handling techniques. Plus, some word processing information and — for the first time — the
world's most comprehensive chart for converting control codes from one printer to another.
AND . . . More games, more tutorials, the Scoreboard, and more information and reviews
on CoCo than you can find anywhere else. It is all coming in next month's Rainbow!
AN IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT CONCERNING SUBSCRIPTIONS IS
ON PAGE 79
The
¥ $ :¥
■■ • j_ - - r
.Falk
Editor
James Reed
Managing Editor
Courtney Noe
Associate Editor
Sally Nichols
Art Director
Jerry McKiernan
Assistant Art Director
■
Suzanne Kurowsky
Editorial Assistant
Bob Albrecht
Steve Blyn
Don Inman
Joseph Kolar
Paul Kimmelman
Dennis Lewandowski
Bill Nolan
Charles Roslund
J Dick White
attributing Editors
;
Patricia H. Hirsch
General Manager
:,;:..>;,
m
Customer
KJeier
roe Manager
Donna Shuck
Bookkeeper
Monica Wheat
Research Assistant
Wendy Falk
Transportation
■
The Rainbow is published ©very month of the year
by FALSOFT. INC., 9529 U.S. Highway 42, P.O Box
209 H Prospect KY, 40059, Phone (502) 228-4492
The RAINBOW and the Rainbow logotypes are *
Trademarks of FALSOFT, Inc
Entire contents ® by FALSOFf, Inc, 19S3. The
RAINBOW is intended for the private use and plea-
sure of Its subscribers and purchasers and repro-
duction by any means is prohibited. Use of informa-
tion herein is for the Single end use of purchasers
and any other use is expressly prohibited. AH pro-
grams herein are distributed in an "as is"
without warranty of any Kind whatsoe
Basic, Extended
Scripsit and Program Pak are « trademarks of. the
rve is a * Trademark ;of
• • :
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Express, €ash\ Check or Money Order in United
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'. ■»; v v A ■¥" A- ¥s ■
letters to
RAINBOW
THE HAZARDOUS LENS STATEMENT
Editor:
AHA! On page 7 of the February 1983
issue, upper-right corner, you said that
nothing you enter from the keyboard can
hurt your machine. That ain't what the
repair technician told me when I entered a
glass of lemonade into the keyboard! And,\
completely eliminated all the key-bounce
problems that I'd been having. They went
down and stayed down. No bouncing there.
Pete Jikeen
Red Bank, TN
INFORMATION PLEASE
Editor:
I have been told a major national maga-
zine published an article on the hazards of
using color TVs older than 10 years with
microcomputers. I have not read the article,
but apparently the danger would be expo-
sure to harmful radiation. If this is the case
then I have something else to worry about
besides wierdos doctoring up my aspirin
because — yes — my CoCo is hooked up to an
ancient RCA. Cansomebodyset my mind at
ease, because my mother is worried about
me.
Now you know who told me.
Charles H. "Sam " Muncy
Grafton, WV
Editor's Note: Sorry, Sam, we have
not heard about this article. Are you
sure your Mom doesn't just want you
to have more fresh air and sunshine?
Editor:
Thanks to SIR RANDOLPH OF THE
MOORS I havedecided to expand my 16K
computer to 32K and get Rainbow on Tape.
Although the program could have been
rewritten and shortened considerably I can
tell from the listing that it should be an
enjoyable game. My Congrats to the author
and winners of your contest.
So far, I think you have a great magazine
and find myself checking the mailbox anx-
iously for the next issue(s).
Could you possibly tell me how to merge
or (concatenate) BASIC programs? The rea-
son I ask is I had agreed with a friend to type
in half of Randolph on my 16K and he the
other half on his 32K and then we would
merge the two halfs into one program on his
computer. We tried PEEKING and POKE-
wgstartand end address but it did not work.
Finally, after about an hour of useless
attempts, I decided to convert my Mr. Edit
program and just read the first half in in
ASCI I and then the second half in ASCI I all
into one buffer. After saving my buffer on
tape I was able to reload the two halves as
one program and RUN it. There must be an
easier way!
George W. Chaffee
Lowell, MA
Editor's Note: There are several pro-
grams available to merge Basic list-
ings and we've printed one routine in
the Rainbow.
Editor:
I have had my Color Computer for a
month and a half now and am very pleased
with its capabilities. Until I came across your
magnificent magazine I was at a total loss of
information on where to go for help. Your
magazine has really helped me in getting
started.
I guess the real reason why I'm writingyou
is for advice on upgrading my memory. I
currently have 16K Extended BASIC, but
want to go to 64K (if possible). I've seen
advertisements for do-it-yourself kits which
go up to 32K and also ads that sell chips for
64K expansion (E-Board). Is it possible for
me to upgrade my system to full 64K, or can
I only have a certain amount at a time? Also,
how can you tell which type of board you
have in your color computer? (i.e., D,E, . . .)
I'd appreciate very much if you could give
me an answer.
Lor en J. Dickey
Tuscon, AZ
Editor's Note: You can tell which
board you have by looking at the
serial number (through the air holes
on the right side— use a flashlight).
Your 64K is really two banks of 64K,
but you can move the operating sys-
tem to RAM and get more memory.
It, however, is not a full 64K of open
RAM— more like about 48K.
Editor:
Can you persuade Roger Schrag to do for
Radio Shack's Color File what he did for
EDTASMYl By using Micro Technical
Products ROML, I have Color File on disk,
but must still use tape for storage. I'm a
duffer at assembly language, so am not yet
able to discover the patches necessary to do
the change from tape to disk storage for
myself. I just bought Radio Shack's Person-
afile on disk, but Color File seems much
more versatile in some ways, since it allows
sorts in seven fields instead of the two in
Personafile.
One more thing. Jorge Mir's program for
using 64K is interesting, but when I tried to
use it with his Vnidatfl I kept getting an OM
error in the line that clears string memory,
even when I CLEARS only 22,000. I
bought the tape of his Vnidatfl directly from
him last summer, and I haven't yet tried to
upgrade it as suggested by Arnold Weiss in
his December article.
See you in April at Rainbowfest!
Max Shank
Chicago, IL
Editor:
I've acquired a DWP-410 and interface
for my 32K (upgrade) CoCo. I'd love to hear
from anyone with a similar setup to compare
notes. The vendors I've used — Computer
Plus and Jarb — have been excellent.
Finally, keep it comin', Rainbow. There's
no other single source I learn as much from.
Alan Jay Weiss
Summit, NJ
Editor:
I am glad that the Rainbow is doing so
well, but sad that so many back issues are
out of stock. I am a newcomer to the Color
Computer and am glad to see so much avail-
able for it. I would appreciate hearing from
any readers who might be able to supply me
with back issues (Vol. I #1 1, Vol. II #'s 1-7).
Notwishingtospend all of my timestudy-
ing BASIC, I quickly purchased an Adven-
ture game: Raaka-tu, Wow! As a United
Methodist Minister interested in ecumenical
affairs, I was not prepared to be the sacrifical
object on the high priest's altar — and so
many times. I have not made it past this
point and would appreciate some pointers
(ouch! The statue's arrows are sharp, too!)
or suggestions on where to go from here.
Finally, I have obtained an Axiom
EX800, 80-column printer and would like
some help in hooking it up to the Color
Computer. I can get it to work, but the
resulting printed page is not what I type into
the computer. Help!
Thank you for a very fine publication. I
have received much better service from you
than any other publication for the Color
Computer and I appreciate it very much.
Rev. Richard A. Lochner
Topeka, IN
Editor:
I love your magazine and don't see how I
could get along without it.
There is one thing I need to know. I have a
16K CoCo and want/ need 32K. Trouble is I
have Color and Extended Color BASIC,
version 1.0, and A "D" board.
Is there any way I can piggyback 16K
chips? Do I only have to replace Color
BASIC with version 1.1? Or is more
involved? I don't have the $ for 32/64 MOD
either from Radio Shack or myself.
Dave Smallman
Strongsville, OH
6 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Editor:
The characters given below were printed
on the CGP-1 15 Color Graphic Printer by
means of Telewriter (version 1 .0)'s direct
entry mode, the entries being @0 through
@9 and then AO through F3, with approp-
riately interspersed 1 3's for a line feed. I can
see no way of writing them directly from
BASIC, nor any particular value in them to
Occidental users: But do you suppose
anyone in Fort Worth knew they were there?
R. W. Odlin
Sedro-Woolley, WA
BOUQUET AND BRICKBATS
Editor:
In the January edition I noticed a letter by
Harvey A. Dapeer which praised a software
product by Snake Mountain Software called
The Solution. I was extremely pleased to see
this letter as I had just ordered a copy of The
Solution myself. I now wish to wholeheart-
edly endorse his favorable opinion of this
product. The documentation is first class
and, in my opinion, this is the best software
to make use of the CoCo more enjoyable.
The PMODE 4(1) screen is a delight to work
with. I would be most interested if you could
review their ROM Pack version of The
Solution
John Lester
Tampa, FA
Editor:
I want to thank you for the integrity and
honesty you have shown in publishing a
negative report on one of your major adver-
tisers. It proves that you are looking out for
your subscribers.
About two weeks ago, Bob Rosen called
inreferenceto mycomplaintabout the Spec-
trum Joystick. He was very apologetic
explaining that he had never received my
original letter and the first he had heard of it
was in your letters column. His sincerity
made me feel that the great letter jam, better
known as the Post Office, had struck again.
He asked if I wanted a refund or replace-
ment. I opted for a replacement and I'm glad
I did. It is a great improvement over the
original and I am very satisfied.
I would like to thank Mr. Rosen for his
call and a very fine product. It is nice to
know that he stands behind his products.
I hope you print this letter to set the record
straight. Keep publishing THE Color Com-
puter Magazine.
John M. Heinz
Katy, TX
Editor:
I would like to extend our thanks to Gerry
Schechter and the Rainbow for the kind
review of our ROML program (February
1983, page 197). I would, however, like to let
your readers know that ROML does indeed
load ROM Pak software successfully, from
either tape or disk. Apparently, Mr. Schech-
ter did not have a 64 K system upon which to
try this feature of ROML. Also, we would
like everyone to know that every purchaser
of ROML receives two user's manuals, one
for ROML and one for TA P2DSK{which is
a utility program that comes with ROML).
Roger L. Degler
Micro Technical Products, Inc.
TELEWRITER COLORS
Editor:
This letter is in response to the letter from
Herbert B. Ridge in the February issue. Mr.
Ridge wanted to know ho w to get rid of the
"red, blue, and green"characters when using
Telewriter. I have a fix that works with the
cassette version. After CLOADMing the
program, do a POKE &H2FDF, &HF0
then EXEC normally. This causes Telewri-
ter to use color set 0 for the screen, which is
black/ green instead of black/ buff.
If you want to save a copy of Telewriter
with the "green screen" modification, do the
following:
CLOADM"TELEWRIT"
POKE &H2FDF, &HF0
CSAVEM^TELEWRIT", &H 1 E28,
&H3767, &H1E2E
I found this out with the ZBUG monitor
in the EDTASM-\- cartridge. Actually, I
blundered into it while messing around try-
ing to figure out how they did the 50-by-24
screen format.
Gregory Douglas
Boulder, CO
Editor's Note: Drew Shorter, whose
letter follows, offered the very same
solution as well as some additional
comments.
Editor:
For those with Okidata 82A and similar
printers, location &H341E may be changed
to an &H0A to enable double and triple
spacing with a line feed in place of a carriage
return.
The new version of Telewriter —
Telewriter-64 — allows you to choose either
green or buff background and has many
other enhancements.
The red and blue colors come from a phe-
nomenon known as "aliasing." Many excel-
lent high-resolution games take advantage
of this effect to create multicolor displays.
Some computers such as the Apple use alias-
ing exclusively (so I read) to get multiple
colors. For some reason, aliasing occurs
when you have a buff background and not
with green.
I'm afraid I can't help with the page
header problem.
Anyway, keep up the good work. You
have created a great magazine that we read
from cover to cover as soon as we get it every
month.
Drew Shorter
Cuyahoga Falls, OH
CLARIFICATION
Editor:
A recent letter to Rainbow from Duff
Kennedy, though praising our word proces-
sor, Telewriter, complained of unanswered
support letters from Cognitec and went so
far as to imply that we do not support our
product.
This hurts me very deeply, as 1 have spent
literally thousands of hours on the phone
answering questions about Telewriter. As I
explained to Mr. Kennedy in a letter in July
1982, it is often impossible to answer ques-
tions asked in letters when insufficient
information is given. It is very time-
consuming and very frustrating, and the
most frustrating part is that, frequently, the
question asked has already been answered in
the manual.
So, yes, some letters have gone unan-
swered, for this reason, and for the other
Murphy-reasons that afflict any business.
But the majority of support letters have been
answered (despite the inherent frustration).
Calls, of course, are answered, and we do
our best to help. I used toanswerthe phones
myself 50 hours per week, but it's clear I can
no longer continue to do this if I am ever to
write another piece of software.
The people who do answer now, have used
Telewriter extensively and can help you with
a lot of questions — if you give them con-
crete, precise information about what's
wrong. If they can't help, they will tell you
when you can reach me.
Howard Cohen, President
Cognitec
Editor:
This is in reply to Mr. Hilton Wasser-
man's letter in February's Rainbow. The
first part of "How Much Will it Cost to Buy
on Time?" computes payments based on a
specified length of time at some rate of inter-
est. The second part of the program is to
show what advantage may be gained by
making payments somewhat more than the
amount calculated in the first part, plus
some random amounts at random times.
Therefore, the last payment will be the bal-
ance remaining. It would be pure luck if the
new monthly amount and the extra pay-
ments happened to work out such that there
is a zero balance!
Francis Sherwood
Ft. Pierce, FL
TRAFFIC CONTROLLER
Editor:
1 recently bought the new program car-
tridge Poltergeist. It is the best game in my
collection along with being the one played
the most. The only problem with this excit-
ing game is that you get sent back to screen
one after everytime you lose a man.
To combat this problem, my brother,-
Mike, (the most avid game player) disco-
vered that pushing the fire button while on
the first screen prevents the cars from
appearing. Once this is done, one can get
past screen one fairly easy.
Keep up the fine work on your excellent
magazine.
Kari Hogan
Cedar Falls, I A
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 7
IT AINT VEGAS
Editor:
I have a complaint I must voice about
programmers who offer Las Vegas type
games such as Craps or Blackjack for sale in
the pages of your magazine. Before they put
such a program on tape they ought to at least
learn the rules of the games as played in the
casinos.
For instance I don't know of any casino
which pays you for five cards and under 21 ,
nor does the dealer win if he holds such
cards. If the dealer has an ace as an up card
when the player takes insurance, the game
should either inform the player that the
dealer does not hold blackjack and play con-
tinues, or the hand should be exposed if the
dealer does and play on that particular hand
is halted with no cards being dealt to player.
I have gotten these so-called casino games
from two of the advertisers in the Rainbow
and 1 acquired them on the basis that they
were advertised as true Las Vegas type
games. Well they ain 7. No serious player of
Blackjack or Craps would play the games
the way they are programmed.
Thank you for putting out an excellent
magazine for users of the Color Computer. I
read each issue from cover to cover includ-
ing the ads.
Harry Nor kin
Thousand Oaks, CA
HINTS n'TIPS
Editor:
I have come across a method for achieving
a PC LEAR 0 effect for Disk Extended
Color Basic. It is as follows:
1. On power up, POKE 25, 14 and then
POKE 26,0
2. Type NEW and PRINT MEM. There
should be 12584 bytes free.
I have not had a failure with this method
as of yet, and have SA V Ed, LOADed, and
created disk files with this method. All the
rules for PCLEAR 0 for non-disk systems
apply here as well.
Congratulations on your new format. 1
was a bit blinded by the glossy pages, but if
that is the price for beauty, pay it.
John. C. Roth
Salem, OR
Editor:
In response to the letter by John Schmidt
(February 1983) concerning how to get the
audio from SOUND and PLA y commands
to tape, the solution is quite simple. All
sounds made by CoCo are automatically
transfered to cassette if the record button is
pressed. Thus, all that remains is to type
MOTOR ON or pull out the small gray plug
on the tape recorder to move the tape.
Several people have asked how to put a
screen print program made for a 16K
machine into the upper memory of a 32K
machine (so the memory of a 32K machine
won't be cut in half). Well, I don't know
how, but a POKE 25M-NEW will put the
BASIC program past the screen print pro-
gram thus giving 16K of memory instead of
6K (taking into consideration PCLEAR 4
has been typed in). However, several steps
must be taken.
First, all the PCLEAR values in the pro-
gram must be deleted. Second, the com-
mands RUN and NEW will give a SYNTAX
ERROR (except one when POKE
25,64:NEW is typed in). To operate the
BASIC program, type GOTO "second line
number" (typing GOTO "first line number"
will also result in a SYNTAX ERROR, so
put in a REMYme before the first official line
number in the program). Third, be sure to
type in CLEAR 200,32767 or something
might go wrong. By the way, all the graphic
pages are reserved so all the PMODES can
be used.
I enjoy your magazine very much.
Paul Gani
Marshfield, WI
OUR ENGLISH CHANNEL
Editor:
My interest started one day when I was
reading (in bed) a British computer maga-
zine with a review of the Dragon-32, a new
computer made in Wales. On reading the
specifications, my eye caught the word "6809
processor" — the same as the Tandy TRS-80
Color Computer.
I suddenly realized the implication and
jumped out of bed shouting "Eureka." My
wife thought I had gone mad.
We get a copy of the Rainbow airmailed
to us. We hope that Rainbow will continue
to grow over here. 1 am sure that when the
Dragon reaches the you in the States that the
Rainbow will feature Dragon articles.
Happy computing to you all.
Harold Berkeley
Prestwich, Manchester, England
CLUBS, CLUBS, CLUBS
Editor:
In order to get in contact with more CoCo
owners here in Mexico City, I will found the
Mexico City Color Computer Club. 1 have
developed several programs which 1 would
like to have others benefit from.
Every time I start up my computer, 1 have
to turn it off and on until it works properly.
In the years I've been using CoCo, 1 have
learned that it only works well when all the
letters look exactly the same color. I think
this is'a problem with the electric energy,
since here in Mexico, it varies very much. If I
don't turn it off and on I don't get the right
color, it always hangs up, displaying the
famous alpha sign (PRINT@). My address
and phone: Laja # 232, 01900 Mexico D.F.,
Tel. 5-68-78-75.
Marcelo Lufl
Mexico City, Mexico
Editor:
A CoCo Special Interest Group meets the
third Saturday of every month at JARB
Software, 1636 D Avenue, Suite C, National
City, CA 92050. Interested CoCo users are
welcome to attend or to contact CoCo SIG
at (619) 474-6213.
Joe Bennett
San Diego, CA
Editor:
I would like to thank all companies (espe-
cially the Rainbow) that have not forgotten
us Europeans and do ship overseas. For
example, when I ordered some materials
from Mark Data Products and Tox Mix
Software, it took only 21 daysfromtheday I
mailed my order to the day I received the
products. That's what I call service! Please,
all dealers, mark your overseas shipping
charge on your ads. I'd feel a lot more com-
fortable about sending my money in if you
did.
By the way, Donkey King is an excellent
program: you can't go wrong with that one.
How come nobody has translated the origi-
nal Colossal Cave adventure on the Color
Computer? It fits in 32K, doesn't it?
Could you tell me what is the "magic
number" on Nanos Systems reference card?
How to disable the auto start on Astro Blast
and Cave Hunter?
How come Rainbow on Tape doesn't ship
overseas? They could at least ship back
issues. There is no sense in typing an adven-
ture in. First, you learn most of the tricks
and solutions; secondly, you are bound to
get at least one '? SN ERROR' during the
game.
If there are any Finnish Rainbow readers
out there, please call me at (90) 748-521 and
we'll get together and form a club.
Lastly, I would like to thank the Rainbow
for being what it is: The best source of Color
Computer information and a great compu-
ter magazine. (I bet you are getting tired of
hearing that!)
Timo Talasmaa
Met Sopurontie 9 A 12
SF 00630 Helsinki 63
Finland
Editor's Note: Some things we
never get tired of hearing. Thank
you! And, yes, Rainbow on Tape is
available worldwide.
Editor:
I am interested in helping form a 80C User
Group in the Chattanooga area. If anyone is
interested they may contact me at 36 1 7 Cline
Road, East Ridge, TN 374 1 2 or phone (615)
867-5682.
Keep up the excellent work.
Jim Perkins
East Ridge, TN
Editor:
There is finally a users group just for
CoCo owners in the Milwaukee area. It is
called CoCo-MUG (Color Computer-
Milwaukee Users Group) and it is looking
for new members. Anyone interested should
contact CoCo-MUG, c/oTom Fandre, 2420
Misty Lane, Waukesha, WI 53186, (414)
542-0600.
Steve Koszuta, Secretary
Milwaukee, WI
Editor:
We would like to announce the formal
formation of the Miami Valley Color Com-
puter Club serving Miami and Shelby coun-
ties in Ohio. The MVCCC meets the second
Sunday of each month at the Hayner Cultu-
ral Center, 301 W. Main Street, Troy, Ohio.
The club currently has more than 25 active
members and is growing daily.
R. Douglas Wales, President
Troy, OH
8 the RAINBOW April, 1983
COLOR AMDISK-III
COMPATIBLE.
The AMDISK-III micro floppy disk system is an engi-
neering breakthrough in disk size, storage capacity,
media protection and user convenience. It's fully com-
patible with your Radio Shack*'* Color Computer. En-
joy a full 624 KBytef (formatted) storage capability
and the extra convenience of the new 3" hard plastic
encased diskettes. They fit into a shirt pocket and are
easy to mail, too.
The AMDISK-lli drive system is ruggedly constructed
for years of trouble-free operation, and is backed with
our 90 day warranty on parts and labor.
Just circle the reader service number to receive com-
plete specifications.
* Radio Shack is a registered trademark of Tandy Corporation,
f Requires recording on both sides.
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(312)364 1180 TLX. 25-4786
Amdek . . . your guide to innovative computing!
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BEYOND THE CIMEEON MOON
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3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
Make love not war? Not with these sultry FEMBOTS! What a
tale you'll tell IF you live to tell it! Cold steel never felt so HOT!
The color and excitement of ARCADE ACTION combined
with the sophistication, intellectual challenge and skill of an
ADVENTURE GAME doesn't fully describe this cosmic
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16K Tape $29.95 32K Disk $34.95
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by Tom Czarnecki
The ONLY Ms. game around. A
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collection.
16K Tape $19.95
16K Disk $24.95
TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp.
by Kevin Herrboldt & Tim Nelson
3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
A dead star ... A derlict vessel ... or is it? Trapped
within you must venture the corridors; defend yourself
against the mercilessgauntlet of agentsof the machine
mind. A real-time, high-res, 3-D science fiction
adventure game of mind-blowing magnitude.
32K Disk $29.95
16K Tape $24.95
Hduenfure
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by Kevin Herrboldt & Tim Nelson
3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
Clash steel with thy foe in the arena of gore. Proved
worthy, go in quest of the elusive Eye of Dazmor. If ye
findest the orb, hastyethe might to ward off skem and
the fortitude to restore the Eye? The ultimate high-res,
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16K Tape $24.95 32K Disk $29.95
For Orders
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Fast Machine Code • Hi-res Color Graphics • Exciting Arcade Action and Sound
INTERCEPTOR
by Scott Snyder
Goes beyond "DEFENDER"
and "STARGATE" to offer the
most realistic ARCADE
simulation possible. Warp
speed action, multi-colored
terrain and long-range viewer
make this game tops.
16K Tape $19.95
32K Disk $24.95
THE
by Dan Nelson
Why fly to VEGAS when you can have a
casino at home! The VEGAS GAMEPAK is
five action packed games with great
graphics & sound. SLOT MACHINE -
BLACKJACK - UP AND DOWN THE RIVER
- CRAPS & KENO.
16K Tape $19.95 16K Disk $24.95
O
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by Tom Czarnecki
Fast paced maze chase game will 16K Tape $19.95
entertain the entire family. 16K Disk $24.95
ColorQuesf
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9072 Lyndale Ave. So., Minneapolis, MN 55420
AUTHORS' SUBMISSIONS ARE ENCOURAGED
Available at Dealers everywhere.
If you Dealer is out of stock ORDER DIRECT!
by Tom Czarnecki
Shades of smartbombs and hurtling comets! Defending
your planet from invasion was never so challenging.
Disruptor fire is your main defense against the fierce alien
attacks.
16K Tape $19.95 32K Disk $24.95
ORDERING
V/SA
Customer service and product support call (61 2) 881-2777
Make checks or money orders payable to Nelson
Software Systems. Personal checks allow 3 weeks.
MAIL ORDERS: $2.00 U.S. Shipping ($4.00 CANADA
$10 OVERSEAS) Add $2.00 for C.O.D.
ORDERS SHIPPED SAME DAY!
RAINBOW
Give us your best: Join the ranks of these courageous CoCoists in showing the Color
Computer world your high score at your favorite micro-diversion. We want to put your best
effort on record in the Rainbow's Scoreboard column. All entries must be received by the first
of the month to be eligible for the following month's Scoreboard.
Score
Player
Score
Player
Astro Blast
63,000 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
53,000 Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Avenger
11,560 *Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
5,000 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Bustout
25,510 *Andy Klingler, San Diego, CA
Color Haywire
10,250 *Pat Downard, Louisville, KY
9,750 Andy Klingler, San Diego, CA
9,150 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Color Invaders
83,000 *Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Color Meteoroids
149,000 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Color Scarfman
446,000 * Andy Klingler, San Diego, CA
388,060 Michelle Thompson, Milpitas, MS
315,120 Kim Hansen, Ponoka, Alberta, Canada
(Level 15)
Colorpede
245,723 *Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Colour Pac Attack
193,000 *Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Conquest Of Kzirgla
10,399 * Scott Sehlhorst, Columbia, SC
Donkey King
319,000 *Steve Skrzyniarz, Tacoma, WA
217,000 Eric Hemmert, Hasbrouck Heights, NJ
156,400 Andy Klingler, Sand Deigo, CA
1 15,600 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
98,000 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Doubleback
25,960 * Mary H. Thomas, Louisville, KY
Dunkey Munkey
1,099,400 ★ Andrew Herron, High Point, NC
1,000,500 Wendy Johnson, San Jose, CA
626,400 Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
362,000 Chris Friend, Lake Elmo, MN
311,500 Sara Hennessey, Golden Valley, MN
Galactic Attack
31,780 * Andy Klingler, San Diego, CA
Ghost Gobbler
825,250 ★ Randy Gerber, Wilmette, IL
Katerpillar Attack
10,249 *Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
7,556 Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
7,007 Eric D. Hemmert, Hasbrouck
Heights, NJ
Mega-Bug
6,211 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
3,920 Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Pac-Attack
30,650 * Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Pac-Droids
17,000 * Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Pacet Man
5,000 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Polaris
69,455 * Alan Jay Weiss, Summit, NJ
45,000 Andy Klingler, San Diego, CA
36,000 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
30,500 Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Pop Corn
1 10,570 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Protectors
358,514 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
94,000 Gerry Schechter, Yonkers, NY
Skiing
1:04.17 * Andy Klingler, San Digo, CA
(No Errors)
1:13.25 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Sky-Defense
5,200 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Space Assault
28,850 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Space Invaders
62,300 * Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Space War
1 16,000 *Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Starfire
1,320,150 *Joy Bailey, Lexington, NC
464,700 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Starship Chameleon
68,500 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
Storm
380,000 * Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
60,265 Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Venturer
1,526,200 ★ Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
313,250 David Glovinsky, Staten Island, NY
★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
We are really getting ready for R AINBOWfest as I write this month's column.
What has been particularly gratifying is that a large number of you have written
to say that you will be in attendance. I think I can say, without much qualifica-
tion, that RAINBOWfest — particularly as a first-time enterprise — will be a
success!
One of the things we said about the show a month ago comes up to be even
more important now. That is the addition of a series of seminars and workshops
for "CoCo's very first show." We wanted RAINBOWfest to be something more
than just a trade show — and, thanks to the generous support of a number of
people — it will be.
Don Inman has graciously consented to be the guest speaker at the breakfast
Saturday morning. All of you are well acquainted with the remarkable expertise
Don has brought in his columns in the Rainbow and the many books he has
authored. I, for one, look forward to hearing him.
Aside from Don's talk, the breakfast will offer an opportunity for you to see
more CoCo owners in one place than you ever have in your life! It has been set
for the opening of the first full day of the show primarily as a get-together. I
really hope you won't miss it!
I've talked in the past about "CoCo Community. "The breakfast is one way we
can all express that CoCo Community and break bread with one another. I'm
really excited about it and hope to see many of
you there.
And, speaking of CoCo Community, I'd like
to thank the members of the Northern Illinois
Color Computer Club for volunteering to con-
duct the series of seminars we have planned on
BASIC. This is taking a great deal of planning
and coordinating. Thank you, NICCC!
One of our seminar leaders will be a new
name to many of you, Tom Nelson. Tom is an
attorney withthestateof Minnesota, a principal
in Nelson Software and our newest columnist.
We welcome Tom and believe his commentaries
on computers, software and the law under the
heading CoCo Counsel will provide a sig-
nificant contribution to the Color Computer
world.
Others who will be talking include Chris
Latham, who authored the nuclear power plant simulation which appears in this
month's issue. He'll talk about machine language animation. Fred Scerbo of
1MB, E. R. Bailey of Micro Logic and a number of others will also be on hand.
We think these will be interesting sessions.
Of some major importance to Color Computer Clubs and User Groups is a
meeting with me during RAINBOWfest. As you know, one of our major goals
has been to support these groups, and we hope this meeting will provide us with
some additional ways to be of help. If you area member or an officer of a Color
Computer Club or User Group, I hope you will make it your business to see
someone is in attendance.
This officially announces the beginning of the Rainbow's first Simulation
Contest. We've tried to provide a number of simulations in this month's issue to
give you some idea of what this kind of program can be like. And, I am pleased to
say we will have some excellent prizes — with the top prize a brand new Epson
FX-80, 4K serial printer buffer and cable donated by J ARB Software. Total
value of this one prize alone is more than $800. So, let's get those CoCo's
working. We will announce more prizes later, but expect them to be well worth
your valuable programming time.
The deadline for the contest is July 30. That is a change from what we
announced in a preliminary way last month. All entries must be postmarked by
July 30 to be eligible.
All entries become the property of Falsoft, Inc., and the Rainbow. Decision of
the judges is final. Your simulation must be an original work — no "conversions"
(continued on Page 172)
ETTER
OFTWARE COMPANY
P.O. Box 16842 - Sta. B
Greenville, South Carolina 29606
(803) 233-2700
PRESENTS
COLOR— STICK
The ORIGINAL interface for
\ rheTRS-60*
Color Computer to let
you use the fomous:
ATARI* JOYSTICK'
Just plug your Atari or Atari like
joystick (the Color-Stick enables the
use of most joysticks made for the
Atari) into the Color-Stick interface
and then plug the Color Stick into an
empty joystick port.
The Color-Stick can improve
scores 50% and more while making
some games more exciting and fun to
play.
Don't settle for cheap imitations.
Only the ORIGINAL Color-Stick's
small inline design allows you to just
plug your joystick into it and forget it.
The Color -Stick becomes a part of
your joystick so it does not interfere
with your game playing. In addition
Color-Stick returns a full value of '63'
for the right and down directions,
even when using two joysticks and
even in the diagonal directions, the
others don't.
NOW Color-Stick has a
new low price
Color-Stick interface $12.95 each
two for $22.95 (less joysticks)
Atari joysticks $9.95 each
«5
ETTER
OFTWARE COMPANY
P.O. Box 16842 — Sta. B
Greenville, South Carolina 29606
(803) 233-2700
Don't miss out order the
ORIGINAL. Send your check or
money order or better yet call
today and order your Color-Stick.
Add $2.00 per order shipping and handling. Bank cards
welcomed (please include expiration date). Orders paid
by cashiers check, money orders, bank cards and
CO D. are shipped within 48 hours. Personal checks
please allow 12 weeks. C.O.B. orders add $1.50 extra.
S.C residents add 4% sales tax. *TRS-80 is a registered
trademark of Tandy Corp. Atari is a registered
trademark of Atari, Inc.
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 13
BUILDING A RAINBOW
The Simulation Issue . . .
The Bound-For-Chicago Edition . . .
The monthly storm before the Rainbow appears . . .
The Production Express, heading for Printer's Station . . .
Do all Civil War movies start out
with the sound of a train
whistle echoing through the
station? And, as surely as the
sweethearts are left behind, won't that
steam engine soon be puffing black
smokeand thundering 'round the bend
just as we catch sight of the mile-high
trestle? And, at the very last second
before the tracks trade ground for the
timber, doesn't somebody always go
tumbling off the train and rolling down
the bank?
I feel like I was pushed.
True enough, the momentum is
enough to carry the Production Express
across the wide chasm and on to
Printer's Station, but what a time to jump
off and count the cars! My heart is with
those still on board as I watch the
caboose disappear in the distance.
The analogy is a bit worn, perhaps, but
putting together a magazine is a lot like
forming a train. The cargo is produced
sometimes months in advance. The bill
of lading— we call it booking— takes
weeks. A legal-sized clipboard serves as
our switching yard, and, as on a mail
train, a relentless pace is kept with only a
breathless stop before still another train
pulls out.
A lot of precious cargo missed the
train this time. That's because, even with
244 pages, there's only so much room.
We do havea mighty trainload foryou,
though, this month. Dozens of articles.
Dozens of programs. Who else offers so
much in one issue just for the Color
Computer?
From the creative genius of many "big
name" contributing editors to the
enjoyable home style writing of our
Rainbow reviewers, we truly believe
there's something for everyone, and
some things for everybody. We hope
you agree.
This is our simulation issue. Along
with announcing our simulation
contest — we already have two entries—
we have two solid examples of
simulations to show you how it's done.
More simulations will appear in next
month's Rainbow, too.
May I recommend a book?
Stimulating Simulations by C.W. Engle
is an excellent introduction to the art of
creatingand developingsimulations. It's
published by Hayden Book Co. as part
of their microcomputer series.
By the way, if you think this month's
nuclear power simulation isn't your
thing, let me point out that one of its
co-creators is also the author of The
King for Tom Mix Software. I know Dr.
Doom loves meltdown-a-minute action.
Ms. Doom, on the other hand, is
already addicted to Color Poker, a
creation of Joseph Kohn's that is a
delight to play.
New this month is our CoCo Counsel
department, featuring Tom Nelson of
Nelson Software. If you are marketing
software, or planning to, check out his
first column this month. Tom will be with
us in Chicago, too, to hold a special
seminar at RAINBOWfest.
Also newthis month is our Received &
Certified, which spotlights new product
arrivals at the Rainbow.
New, too, is our tear-out card to order
magazine subscriptions, renewals and
Rainbow On Tape. That brings me to a
final word: An invitation.
If you aren't among those who have a
year 'round pass to the Rainbow's
trainload of top-flight articles and
programs, I hope you'll pull out that
subscription card and climb aboard.
—Jim Reed
FILMASTR
A powerful (DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM for the
COLOR COMPUTER. If you have been wanting a really
good data manager at a reasonable price, THIS IS IT!
FILMASTR combines the best features of the big
systems to provide a combination of speed, power, and
simplicity that can't be beat.
CUSTOM SCREENS - Design input screens with up to
20 fields. Inverse labels for contrast.
FORM FILL ENTRY - Non-destructive blinking cursor,
full screen editing, no garbage collections, copy fields
from previous record. Keeps up with the fastest
typist.
FAST SORT & SEARCH - Machine language sorts the
entire file in seconds. Sort on any field or fields. Use a
variety of relational search techniques to select any
record or group of records that you can define.
EDIT FILES - Change or delete any record easily. Create
and save sub-files or append files.
PRINT FORMAT - Print any field in any order on any line.
Insert characters or phrases.
MENU DRIVEN - No special commands to be learned.
All functions are menu selected and aided by on
screen instructions.
CAPACITY - Up to 255 characters per record, 24000
characters per file. (9000 with 1 6K)
DOCUMENTATION - A thorough manual with
examples and explanation of every command.
1 BK or 32K TAPE $29.95
EXT BASIC DISC 34.95
FILMASTR
TIME & MONEY
A "WHAT IF?" financial planning tool. T & M is used to
evaluate the time value of money as an aid in planning
investments, savings plans, retirement plans, leases,
loans, mortgages or any other situations that involve
compound interest.
The program is menu driven with simple on-screen
instructions. It uses a unique form fill-in for data entry
with easy editing. It even accepts simple math expres-
sions as input.
Calculated results are automatically enteredas data and
can be used for further "WHAT IF?" calculation. All
factors are always on screen, making it easy to
understand the relationship between TIME & MONEY.
TIME & MONEY
16K or 32K
EXT BASIC
TAPE $19.95
DISC 24.95
=ri if
UU
urn
-i i
(814] 371-4658
BOX 1051, DUBOIS PA, 15801
Add $2.00 Postage & Handling
PA Residents Add B D /o Tax
C.O.D. $2.00 Additional
1 4 the RAINBOW April , 1983
Celebrate RainbowFest!
COLOR SCRIPSIT™, TELEWRITER™,
TELEWRITER 64™ TEXT PRO AND TEXT PRO II™ OWNERS
CELEBRATE THE RAINBOWFEST WITH THIS LIMITED OFFER!
The RainbowFest is a time for celebration. We want to help you celebrate by offering you a
wonderful opportunity to enter the totally integrated and compatible world of the Super "Color"
Library. Nelson Software Systems has put it all together, all the programs you'll need to solve your
problems, with all the features you have grown to like, including eight lowercase screen displays WITH
DESCENDERS. You also getthe elegance, professional quality, power, flexibility and easeof useyou
have come to expect from Nelson Software Systems products. We want to give you an opportunity to
trade up to quality. Make the RainbowFest a real time for celebration - trade your word processor i nfor
the undisputed best, the Super "Color" Writer II Version 3.0, and begin to build your Library of
essential software!
All you have to do is send us your Color Scripsit, Telewriter, Telewriter 64, Text Pro or Text Pro II
program and receive your FULL PURCHASE PRICE (up to $59.95) as credit toward the purchase of
the brand new gold embossed leatherette bound Version 3.0 64K compatible Super "Color" Writer II!
Just fill out and sign the coupon below and send it, together with your ORIGINAL program and
manual plus proof of purchase (receipt, registration card, etc.), the price difference and $3 for
shipping and handling, and we'll send you the NEW Super "Color" Writer II Version 3.0. Forexample, if
you wish to trade in your Color Scripsit disk for the Super "Color" Writer II disk, just send in the
coupon, program, manual and proof of purchase, plus the price difference, $40, and $3 for shipping
and handling for a total of $43.
This limited offer is only good through May 15, 1983. Act today! We guarantee same day return
shipment.
I want to sign up for my new Super "Color" Library card now. Enclosed are my original
program and manual, proof of purchase, and money order or
credit card order in exchange for my copy of the NEW Super "Color" Writer II Version 3.0.
NAME
ADDRESS .
CITY, STATE & ZIP
Visa # Exp. Date MasterCard #
■
COUPON
Signature
A Division of Solllaw Corporation
NELSON™
SOFTWARE
SYSTEMS
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55420 U. S. A.
9072 Lyndale Avenue So. 612/881-2777
* Disk owners may not trade for rompak or tape versions.
* Personal checks allow three weeks for delivery.
* Limited to one trade-in per person.
No C.O.D. accepted.
Color Scripsit is a trademark of Tandy Corp.
Telewriter and Telewriter 64 are trademarks of Cognitec.
Text Pro and Text Pro II are trademarks of Cer-Comp.
I
I
J
16K
ECB
■
f she 1
GRAPHICS
m mm m
RAINBOW
Here's A Flashy
Little Program, By Thunder
By John Plaxton
The following program, Lightning, continually generates
a single flash of forked lightning across a PMODE4 screen.
Each flash is different.
The program is part of a father-soneff ort in generating an
electronic window display of numerous scenes suitable for
Halloween.
You may be interested in trying to devise a suitable
program for thunder.
The listing:
L
I
G
H
T
N N
I I
N N
G
10 9
20 7
30 7
40 7
50 7
60 7
70 7
80 7
90 7
100 7
110 "define variables, display
120 DIM X ( 14) , XI (14) , Y(14) , Yl (14
)
130 PM0DE4, 1
140 PCLS
150 SCREEN 1, 1
200 'generate initial position
210 X (0) =150+RND (75) * ( < (RND (2) >1
)*2)+l)
220 Y(0)=0
230 XI (0)=X (0) : Yl (0)=0
240 LINE(X,Y)-(X,Y) , PRESET
300 "generate single bolt portio
n
310 FOR T=1T0 RND (13)
320 X (T) =X (T— 1 ) +RND ( 15) * ( ( (RND (2
) >1)*2)+1)
330 IF X (TX0THEN X(T)=0
340 XI (T)=X (T)
350 Y(T)=Y(T-1)+RND(10)
360 Yl (T)=Y(T)
370 NEXT T
400 "generate forked portion
410 FOR T=T TO 13
420 X (T) =X (T-l ) +RND ( 10) * ( ( (RND (2
) >1)*2) +1)
430 IF X (T) <0THEN X(T)=0
440 XI (T) =X 1 (T-l ) +RND ( 10) * ( ( (RND
(2) >1)*2)*+1)
450 IF XKTX0THEN Xl(T)-0
460 Y(T)=Y(T-1)+RND(10)
470 Yl (T)=Y1 (T-1)+RND(10)
480 NEXT T
500 7 display lightning flash
510 FOR T=1T013
520 LINE(X(T-1),Y(T-1)>-(X(T),Y(
T) ) ,PSET
530 LINE(X1 (T-l), Yl (T-l) >-(Xl (T)
, Yl (T) ) ,PSET
540 NEXT T
550 FOR S=0TO50:NEXT S
600 7 remove lightning from sky
610 7
620 PCLS 7 use this if nothing
else is on screen, else delete
630 7
640 FOR T=1T013
650 LINE(X(T-1),Y(T-1)>-(X(T),Y(
T) > , PRESET
660 LINE(X1 (T-l) , Yl (T-l) )-(Xl (T)
, Yl (T) ), PRESET
670 NEXT T
680 GOTO200
1000 7
1010 7
1020 7 The lightning is generated
in two arrays, one for eac
h of two forks,
1030 7 Fourteen co-ordintaes are
generated, X and Y being
independent of each other.
1040 7 The distance between point
s is randomly generated.
the horizontal values can
be + or -, but the vertica
1 values are always +.
1050 7 Initially, a random number
of points are duplicated i
n both arrays to give the
impression of a single
lightning bolt.
1060 7 Then, points for each arra
y are generated to produce
forked lightning.
16 the RAINBOW April, 1983
The Official
O
O
by
* %
II
The game that puts space games in
perspective. Zaxxon", one of the most
popular arcade games of 1982, is now avail-
able for use with your home computer
system,
Zaxxon >v technology and creativity present
a 3-dimens tonal-like playfield which sets
Zaxxon y apart from other computer games,
Zaxxon " looks and sounds like aircraft
flight, and players can soar to new levels of
home computer entertainment. From the
daring attack on the enemy's floating for
tress and the blazing battle against the en
emy's Tighter fleet to the final showdown with
the deadly armored robot, Zaxxon chal
lenges the skill and imagination of every
player at every level of skill.
Imagine yourself the pilot, attacking the
enemy fortress- climbing, diving, strafing to
score points and extra fuel. The enemy
fights back with a barrage of missiles and
gunfire. Then you face a fleet of enemy fight-
ers in a gripping dogfight of altitude strategy
and flying skill. Survive this battle and the
enemy s fortress, defended with laser bar-
riers, then you've earned the ultimate chal-
lenge; a blazing confrontation with the pow-
erful robot, armed with a lethal homing
missile.
Zaxxon ,H is the one game that you must see
to believe. You have to play it to feel its im-
pact. If you're ready to face the challenge,
check with your local software dealer or
send check or money order with $2.00 post-
age/handling, California residents add
6 1 /2% sales tax. Available on cassette or
diskette. Suggested retail price $39.95.
Available in January on Atari® February on
Apple * and Radio Shack* Color, and April
on Tl 99 MA" and NEC 6000 "
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
9421 Winnetka Avenue
Chatsworth, CA 91311
(213) 701-5161
P1982 Datasoft ,M Inc.
Datasolr is a registered trademark ol DalasoU inc."
Sega" and Zaxxon " are registered trademarks of Sega Enterprises inc.
HARDWARE
Install a Chip-Saving
Tower On' Light
By William C. Clements, Jr.
The Color Computer has a lot of nifty features, but one
that it doesn't have is a power-on indicator. Sure, the
presence of the green screen on the attached TV will signal
you whether the computer switch is turned on, but what if
you turn off the TV and forget the computer is on too? That
AC switch is hidden on the back, out of the way and out of
sight, and it's easy to forget it.
We have seven Color Computers in a student facility here
in Chemical and Metallurgical Engineeringat the University
of Alabama, and the students were forever doing just that.
We have the dust covers on all of them, and believe me, you
don't want to go off and leave an 80C on overnight with the
cover in place. That power transformer gets hot enough even
when it has plenty of ventilation, and the SAM chip and the
memory ICs get warm under their metal shield, too. After
that happened a few times, I decided we had to have pilot
lights.
I have noticed one commercial device to solve this
problem. It provides a light-emitting diode(LED) indicator
lamp mounted in a device that plugs into a joystick port,
getting power off the +5 volt line provided there. However,
it's easy (and much cheaper) to do the job right and install a
first-class pilot lamp inside the case, where it belongs.
Radio Shack sells a pack of two LED indicators (Stock
No. 276-01 8) for $ 1 .79. These lamps come in a neat snap-in
Th. Micro Catalog
"TAKE ADVANTAGE OF VOLUME BUYING"
- Some software houses offer up
to 50% off for volume buying,
- We are dealers for over one
hundred dlf f erent software
houses .
- We market over one thousand
different programs .
- CONFIDENTIAL price list.
- NEWSLETTER
- SPECIAL BUYS -fgf^
- 150 Page CATALOG
- Authors we pay 50%
Please send $9.95 for CATALOG
and CONFIDENTIAL PRICE LIST
P.O.Box3703 Peoria, II. 61614
housing that requires only a 5/ 1 6 inch hole and a little finger
pressure to produce an installation that looks just as good as
if it came that way from the factory.
You can mount the lamp where you like; I put ours just
above the right edge of the keyboard, as shown in Figure l .
Unplug your computer and turn it upside down onto a towel
or other protective surface. Remove the seven screws that
hold the case together, turn it back over, and lift off the top
cover.
Make a small dimple in the plastic case by pressing the
point of a nail where the light is to go, then carefully drill a
5/ 1 6 inch (8mm) hole there with an electric drill. Start with a
small hole and work up to the full size, to keep the hole
round. Push in the lamp from the top of the case, making
sure it goes in all the way and snaps securely in place. Solder
a 1000 ohm, •/i-watt resistor to the longer (positive) lamp
lead.
Cut two pieces of insulated flexible wire (I used wire-wrap
wire here), each about a foot long, and twist the wires
together. Solder one wire to the free end of the resistor and
the other wire to the remaining lead of the lamp. Push pieces
of insulating tubing over each wire and slide them up next to
the lamp casing, pushing over wire, resistor, and all, to cover
all exposed metal.
For circuit boards through Revision E, connect the wire
from the resistor to the circuit-board wire-wrap pin labeled
TP9, which is the + 1 2 volt point, and the other wire to TP4,
which is ground. If you have the newest revision of the
circuit board (the one with the power transformer mounted
on the board and having the small tab-mounted RF shield),
the + l2v. point is the pad labeled TP3, and ground is the pad
labeled TP2.
Reassemble the case, taking care that the wires don't get
pinched anywhere, and you have it done. The whole job
takes about 20 minutes and costs a total of two dollars, and
for that price you even have a spare lamp left over to use for
something else. Now you have no excuse for going off and
leaving the power on to fry your SAM chip or those brand-
new 64K memory upgrades!
18 the RAINBOW April, 1983
TDP SYSTEM 100* / QUALITY DISCOUNT PRODUCTS / COLOR COMPUTER*
DISCOUNT PRICES / COMPARE / WE'RE FAST/ ORDERS SHIPPED WITHIN 24 HR
Software Specials 20% off
PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
Flight
19.95
15.95
Magic
19.95
15.95
COMPUTEWARE
Doodle Bug
24.95
19.95
Pac Tac
24.95
19.95
Rail Runner
21.95
17.55
Storm
24.95
19.95
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
Donkey King
24.95
19.95
Katerpillar
24.95
19.95
Protectors
24.95
19.95
MARK DATA PRODUCTS
Astro Blast
24.95
19.95
Space Raiders
24.95
19.95
(Limited quantity. Call for availibility)
This Month
SpeciaU
64K ECB
PRICKLY
Viking*
Gangbuster
Football
I Ching
Numerology
Tarot
Trilogy (I Ching,
Numerology, Tarot)
Phonics I
8-Bit Bartender
-PEAR SOFTWARE 15% OFF ALL LIST
19.95
19.95
19.95
19.95
19.95
19.95
16.95
16.95
16.95
16.95
16.95
16.95
39.95 33.95
24.95 21.95
19.95 16.95
Astrology* 34.95 29.95
Great Word Game* 19.95 16.95
Household Helper 19.95 16.95
Math Pack 1 19.95 16.95
Pre-Read 24.95 21.95
Song Book (w/tapes) 29.95 25.95
Fantasy Games Pk 19.95 16.95
Fantasy Games Pk 32K 24.95 21 .95
Phonics II 24.95 21.95
Las Vegas Weekend 24.95 21 .95
TDP —
16K Extended
Disk Drive 0
Line Printer 1 (DMP 100)
Cassette Tape Recorder
Verbatum Dist (Pk of 10)
Computer Cassettes
64K RAMS
14V 2 " Tractor Feed (White)
9V2" Tractor Feed (White)
Assorted ROM Packs
(Call for prices)
449.95
485.00
389.00
59.95
31.99
.99
63.95
34.95
24.95
10% OFF
Computer Island
Circus 10.00
School Maze 10.00
Name That Song
(I, II, III) 10.00 each
4K
Silly Sentences 6.00
Silly Stories 6.00
Poetry 6.00
Wizard 6.00
Apartment House
Mystery 6.00
Eigen Systems
Basic Aid (cart.)
Stripper
Ccead
34.95
7.95
6.95
Sugar Software
Silly Syntax 19.95
Additional
S.S. Tapes: 9.95
Fairy Tales
Sing Along
X-Rated
Current Events
Adventure
Potpourri
Auto Run 14.95
TIMS (32K) 24.95
Spectrul Associates
Cosmic Invaders
Meteorites
Space Wars
Ghost Gobbler
Robot Attack
Galax Attack
21.95
21.95
21.95
21.95
21.95
21.95
19.75
19.75
19.75
19.75
19.75
19.75
Aardvark Products
Haunted House 9.95
Killer Bot 13.95
Labyrinth 14.95
Starship Here. 14.95
Time Trek 14.95
Escape from Mars 14.95
Pyramid 14.95
Quest 14.95
Trek Adventure 14.95
Circle World 14.95
Nuclear Sub 14.95
Venture 19.95
Tiny Compiler 24.95
Tube Frenzy 19.95
Derelict 14.95
Caterpillar 19.95
Space Battler 12.95
Golf 9.95
Catchem 19.95
B5 Company
Clock 24.95
Money 19.95
Math Fact 16.95
ABC's 9.95
Petroccl Freelance
Associates
Inspector CLUEseau 19.95 17.95
Stress 19.95 17.95
Weather Watch 19.95 17.95
Terms: Cash, money order, your personal checks welcome.
No waiting to clear on software items. Shipping - $2.50 for
software, 3% for hardware. CO. D. please add 3% for hardware
Arizona resident please add 4% sales tax. All program - 16K
Ext. We reserve the right to change prices without notice.
Warranty: All hardware products are warranted for a period of
1 80 days from date of purchase. We shall not be liable for loss
or damage, alleged or caused indirectly to hardware or soft-
ware including interruption of service, business loss, loss of
expected profits or any damage resulting from use of hard-
ware or software.
Desert Software, P.O. Box 502, Cortaro, AZ 85230
(602) 744-1252
16K
r The
RAINBOW
I
CoCo Clock
An Accurate
Timepiece
By A.B. Trevor
(70000, 130)
One of the advantages in having your own computer is
that you can have it do things for you, even when you are not
sitting in front of it. Of course, your computer must perform
these tasks on schedule. But how can your CoCo keep
accurate track of time? Its internal time bases are less than
one percent accurate — unsuitable for long-term time
keeping. At least one manufacturer (Basic Technology) has
attempted to solve this problem, but the solution costs more
than a CoCo ($379 for a BT-1000 and BT-1020 Clock).
Fortunately, a very accurate time base can be obtained for
less than $40 from Radio Shack's Plug 'n Power (TM)
Remote Controller (Cat. #26-1182). Even if you have no
interest in controllinglightsand appliances (which this little
box does very well), the P'nP may be a suitable real time
clock for your application.
Last month, we looked at the P 'nP hardware and a
BASIC program for controlling lights. This month, we shall
discuss how to use the P 'n P as a time base in a simple
BASIC program (Listing 1) that calls some interesting
machine language subroutines. (The sources of these
routines are too lengthy to be reproduced here, but are
available to Rainbow subscribers on CompuServe). There
are some limitations to this implementation, so before
examining the programs in detail, let's consider some of the
problems in implementing an accurate clock in the Color
BASIC environment.
As any serious student of CoCo anatomy knows, the 6809
is equipped with three hardware interrupts: the
nonmaskable interrupts (NMI), the fast interrupts request
(FIRQ), and the normal interrupt request (IRQ). In our
favorite machine, the NMI is usable only by cartridges that
are so inclined (like the Disk Controller), and the FIRQ is
used (wasted?) for detecting the presence of a cartridge. The
IRQ, however, can be connected to either one of two
"clocks" under program control and used to time events
without tying up the whole processor.
Of the two IRQ clocks, the horizontal sync clock (HS)
occurs too often (every 63.5 microseconds) to be efficient in
a time-of-day clock application. The field sync clock (FS)
interrupts every 16.667 milliseconds, so it is the preferred
choice for most timing jobs. FS is used by Color BASIC for
the SOUND duration, and by ECB for the TIMER
function. If you have played with TIMER at all, then you
already know why the FS is very limited as a real time clock:
it is not exactly 1 / 60th of a second, and has no long-term
accuracy.
The Plug 'n Power controller provides a partial answer.
As mentioned in my February article, this device contains a
power line frequency detector. Each time the 60 Hz power
signis accurate over the long term. Unfortunately, the clock
line is connected to the cassette data input, which cannot
cause an interrupt in an unmodified machine. An interrupt
is tantalizingly available on the RS-232 status line, but if we
modified the Plug 'n Power to use the RS-232 port, then
where would our printer or modem go? So, with no interrupt
available, the CPU must spend a good percentage of the
time just watching the cassette data input to maintain an
accurate time base using the P'nP. Well, the solution below
is not ideal, but involves no hardware changes.
Dual Time Base
The first time you set the time of day with the USR1
function (Listing 1), two changes to the BASIC environment
are made: I) a new IRQ service routine is inserted, and 2)
BASIC'S keyboard-input-wait routine is modified to count
pulses from the P'nP box. If your BASIC main program is
executing (or if the P 'n P is of for disconnected), then time is
maintained by means of the FS interrupt. Whenever your
20 the RAINBOW April, 1983
BASIC program is not running or is waiting for input from
the keyboard, then accurate time keeping with the P 'n P
controller is in effect. Accurate time can also be maintained
if your program calls USR2 to wait for a specified time of
day. Since most control programs will spend most of the
time waiting for keyboard input or for some specific time,
littleaccuracy will be lost by this "dual time base" technique.
Considerable time will be lost if your program invokes
BASIC functions that turn off the IRQ— notable I/O.
Cassette I/O totally shuts down both time bases for the
entire transfer period, while disk usually causes the loss of
only a few seconds. In any case, this clock is very accurate
for many applications, and it is easy to test its accuracy in
your own programs, since the time is continuously displayed
in the upper right of BASIC'S text page.
A magenta colored, non-blinking cursor is used to signal
that P'nP timing is in effect. If you see BASICS familiar
multi-color cursor after running the program, then the P 'n
P is not properly connected or is not switched to "CTRL."
Program Description
Listing 1 is a simple BASIC program that loads the clock
routines, initializes them, and sets the day and time from
your inputs. Once you run it, the day of the week and the
time of day will appearcontinuously in the upper right of the
text screen. Be sure that your P 'n P is switched to "CTRL"
for maximum accuracy. You can load and run most BASIC
programs without destroying the clock.
Two "USR" functions are the heart of the program.
USROsets the day of the weekfrom an integer argument ( 1
= Sunday, 2 = Monday, . . .). USR/ sets the hour from the
high order 8 bits and the minute from the low order 8 bits of
the argument. The current day or time can be read by calling
with a negative argument. Note that USR/ returns the time
as four BCD digits, which is not the same format used to set
time. Oncetheclock has beenset, time is maintained by calls
to the machine language TICCLK routine either from the
IRQ service routine (IRQULK) or from NEWHK.
NEWHK turns off the IRQ clock and sets the cursor to $EF
(magenta block). It then loops, looking for pulses on the
cassette input line (bit 0 in BSRSTA) or for a key. TICCLK
is called once for each pulse seen. If no pulses are seen in a
reasonable time, or if a key depression is noticed, the IRQ
clock is reenabled and control is returned to BASIC.
A third user callable routine, USR2, (not called by this
BASIC program), is used to wait for a particular time. It
returns with a zero value when the specified time is reached,
or with the value of an ASCII character if a key was
depressed before the time was reached. If the P ti P is not
turned on, USR2 returns -1.
The machine language routines are written in position
independent code, so may be relocated anywhere in
memory. For example, 16K machine owners will want to
delete line 80 of Listing 1 and remove the first apostrophe in
line 90 to keep the routines within 16K.
All of these routines are used by the full function home
control program to be presented in a later article in this
series. Once again, this month's programs can be
downloaded from CompuServe. Type "R ACCESS" from
the PROgrammer's area, then "DOW PNPCLK.CC
70000,130" for the BASIC program, or "COPY
X10CLK.M69 [70000,130]" for the assembly language
sources in MAC69 format. Some changes will be required
for less powerful assembers such as EDTASM+.
(Alexander B. Trevor is Executive Vice President
for Computer Resources at CompuServe.)
The listing:
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
' ***************************
P'N'P REAL TIME CLOCK
<C> A. B. Trevor 1983
' ***************************
CLEAR 100,«cH7D00: ' FOR 32K
'CLEAR 1 00 , &H3D00 : ' FOR 16K
100 ML=PEEK<39)*256+PEEK<40>+1
110 DEFUSR0-ML: DEFUSR1-ML+3: DE
FUSR2=ML+6
115 IF PEEK(ML+445)«127 AND PEEK
<ML+2>=145 THEN 200
120 '
130 'READ IN THE M/L CLOCK
140 CLS: PRINT® 138, "LOADING M/L"
150 FOR I=ML TO ML+445
160 READ A: POKE I, A: NEXT I
170 CLS
180 '
190 ' SET THE DAY AND TIME
200 INPUT "DAY OF THE WEEK "J A*
210 DA Y= < I NSTR < 1 , " SUMOTUWETHFRSA
",LEFT*<A*,2> >+l> /2
220 X=USR0(DAY)
COLORTERM I.I
\ DISK COMPATIBLE VERSION AND
NEW FEATURES INCLUDED —
^ NO PRICE INCREASE
The Color Computer* as an intelligent terminal
with 51 or 64 columns by 21 lines
plus true lowercase! All done in software.
Any data format — 1 6K or 32K — 300 or 1 1 0 Baud
Print and save host data to cassette
Encode data for secure storage
User programmable keys
Much more!
• reverse video • macro buffers for often-used output
• partial screen clear • patch the 51 or 64 column display
• 4-way cursor control to your own basic and assembly
• automatic repeat when programs
key is held down • preserve a "window" of any size,
• enter data offline for new material scrolls through
later uploading to host remainder of screen
". . .Very impressed ..." — The Rainbow
"... .Very pleased. . .high marks. . ." — Color Computer News
"... Easy to use. . .text densities are high enough to allow
doing some serious work." — 80 Micro
Cassette and disk versions included with all orders
add $5 00 if you want programs on a disk
$34.95 (U.S.) $40.95 (Canadian)
M.O., VISA, M/C (include expiry)
MARTIN CONSULTING, 94 Macalester Bay
Winnipeg, Man. R3T 2X5 CANADA
*T.M. of Tandy Corp.
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 21
230 input ,, hour:min ,, ihr,min
240 X=USR1 <HR#256+MIN>
250 END
260 '
270 DATA 22,0,145,22,0, 159,22,1,
9,22
280 DATA 1,178,79,106,141,0,32,4
6, 100,48
290 DATA 141,0,26,134,120,167,13
2, 166, 130,45
300 DATA 88,139,1,25,167,132,161
,6,45,28
310 DATA 111,132,32,239,255,255,
255,255,255,0
320 DATA 0,7,36,96,96,0,255,0,25
5,0
330 DATA 106,140,242,141,203,110
, 156,243,230, 140
340 DATA 230,88,88,48,141,0,39,5
8, 198,4
350 DATA 206,4,20,189,165,154,48
, 140,213, 141
360 DATA 10,134,58,167,192,141,4
, 134,58, 167
370 DATA 192,166,132,68,68,68,68
, 138,48, 167
380 DATA 192,166,128,132,15,138,
48, 167, 192,57
390 DATA 19,21,14,32,13,15,14,32
,20,21
400 DATA 5,32,23,5,4,32,20,8,18,
32
410 DATA 6,18,9,32,19,1,20,32,18
9, 179
420 DATA 237,77,45,3,231,140,144
,79,230, 140
430 DATA 140,189,180,244,57,140,
32,55, 190,255
440 DATA 248,238,1,239,140,135,5
1, 140, 137,239
450 DATA 1,52,2,182,255,3,138,1,
183,255
460 DATA 3,206,1,106,166,196,174
,65, 167, 141
470 DATA 255,111,175,141,255,108
,134,126,48,141
480 DATA 0,148,167,196,175,65,13
4, 18, 167, 140
490 DATA 200,53,2,189,179,237,77
,45,22,52
500 DATA 4,141,26,231,141,255,65
,53,2, 141
510 DATA 18,231,141,255,58,111,1
41,255,55,28
520 DATA 239,236,141,255,47,189,
180,244,57,95
530 DATA 140,203,16,128,10,44,25
0, 139, 10,52
540 DATA 2,234,224,57,189,179,23
7,52,4, 141
550 DATA 234,231,141,0,60,53,2,1
41,226,231
560 DATA 141,0,53,26,16,182,255,
32, 133, 1
570 DATA 38,249,142,7,208,48,31,
39,44, 182
580 DATA 255,32,133,1,39,245,23,
254,205,236
590 DATA 141,254,235,16,163,141,
0, 17,39, 17
600 DATA 173,159,160,0,39,215,31
, 137,79, 189
610 DATA 180,244,28,239,57,0,255
,79,95, 189
620 DATA 180,244,57,204,255,255,
189, 180,244,57
630 DATA 50,98,23,254,204,15,112
, 13, 111, 16
640 DATA 38,0,70,52,20,174,141,2
54, 188, 191
650 DATA 1,13,134,239,167,159,0,
136, 182,255
660 DATA 32,133,1,38,249,142,7,2
08,48,31
670 DATA 39,31,182,255,32,133,1,
39,245,23
680 DATA 254,112,173,159,160,0,3
9,226, 198,96
690 DATA 231,159,0,136,48,141,25
4, 144, 191, 1
700 DATA 13,53,148,48,141,254,13
5, 191, 1, 13
710 DATA 126,161,179,126,161,127^
Y PAK Dual Slot Expander
for Radio Shack's Color Computer
Have your Disk and Cartridge too!
Select between 2 Cartridge slots with one
switch and control the Auto Start with
the other switch.
$70.°-° Complete
USER-PAK for Color Computer
Your own RAM/EPROM Cartridge
Cartridge holds two 2732s, or any combination
of four 2716s/6116Ts.
$30.°-P less RAM/EPROM
$90 OP with 8K RAM
EPROMs burned from your CC cassette.
Write for details.
B. Erickson
P.O.Box 11099 Dept. RB
Chicago, IL . 60611
22
the RAINBOW April, 1983
DO YOU HAVE A BASIC OR ASSEMBLY PROGRAM TO SELL?
. . . avoid unreliable cassette tapes and recorders
and EPROM your program!
^VVith EPACK, BASIC and assembly routines for color computer can be read from cassette tape and stored onto 2516, 2716 (single supply), 2732, 2532, 2564 1
and 2764 styled EPROM (21 and 25 volt) These EPROM are then inserted into MMB, a game packlike cartridge that automatically executes your program
when it's inserted into the color computer just like the game packs
EPACK is an excellent alternative to cassettes for programs you want to sell and for personal programs you would liketoexecutequickly andconveniently
from a more reliable medium.
NOTE: 2732, 2764 and 21 volt capability are available optionally and are not included in the standard EPACK. *'
EPACK consists of EPG. BROM and MMB for
ip
The units in EPACK are sold individually as follows:
BROM
$150.00
Utility fits any memory size color computer. Its function is to process
BASIC source files into a format that can be written out to EPROM by Con-
trol Craft Inc.'s EPROM programmer (EPG) ... and still be executed by the
BASIC interpreter - but from EPROM, not RAM 1
BROM $25.00
EPROM PROGRAMMER (EPG)
• Zero insertion force socket
• Personality plugs configure programmer to accept 2716(5 volt supply),
2532 and 2564 style EPROM.
• Programmer's software is included on the programmer board as firmware.
• Program sources:
* read cassette tape files into memory and then write file to EPROM
(files are in Radio Shack format)
* write color computer RAM to EPROM
* read EPROM inserted in programmer into RAM
* write color computer ROM to EPROM
• Functions:
* test EPROM to see if it's unprogrammed
* read an EPROM into color computer RAM
* write RAM buffer out to EPROM
* redefine the location of the RAM buffer
* verify the programming of an EPROM
* compare the contents of RAM buffer against an EPROM
* edit the RAM buffer
1. Examine/change memory locations
2. Examine/change start buffer address
3. Fill RAM buffer with FF hex
* read blocks from a cassette file into RAM
• Menu driven operation allows easy use
• Plastic case enclosed circuitry
• Gold plated edge connectors
• Self-contained unit ... no external power supplies are used
• Unit operates on any memory sized TRS-80 color computer
EPG $105.00
MULTI MEMORY BOARD (MMB)
• Complete with support IC, sockets and decoupling capacitors
•Accepts 2516, 2716, 2532, 2732, 2564 EPROM (included in EPACK)
• Accepts 2016, 4016, 6116 static RAM*
• Max capacity of 6 memory chips
• Runs on any size TRS-80 color computer
• Board is jumper addressable to either SC000 or $8000
• Provisions for write protect switch , or can jumper the board to write
protect RAM
Control
RAFT INC
19270 North Hills Drive • Brookfield, Wl 53005 • (414) 784-9027
Name
Company
Address _
City/State
Shipping address (if different from above)
-Zip
• Jumpers configure the memory type used on the board. Provisions for
inserting DIP switches in place of the jumpers
• Gold plated edge connector
• Each IC or IC socket has decoupling cap installed
• Plastic case is available extra, at $7.50 (pricing is subject to change
without notice) (case included in EPACK)
• RAM may not work with series E or later color computers.
MMB $30.00
** UPGRADE (optional for EPACK or EPG)
2732-25 volt S15.00 2732-21 volt $15.00
2764-25 volt S15.00 2764-21 volt $15.00
SDUMP
OKIDATA owners know that in order to print graphics they lose their
serial interface . . .
NOT ANY MORE!
Now you can print Hi-res Pmode 4 graphics images, full size and detail,
on your OKIDATA, EPSON and other printers, without dot addressable
capacity.
Features ,
• Callable from BASIC routine
• Runs stand alone with a menu
• Relocatable
• Automatically finds the start
of graphics pages
• Configurable for several printers
• Fast
• Useable on 16 or 32 or 64 K
machines with or without
Extended BASIC
• Documented
(OKIDATA. EPSON and RS are trademarks)
Actual graphics printed on an OKIDATA printer (shown reduced)
SDUMP $20.00
All prices subject to change without notice.
mm** *, m ■
m w->m -mm m * mm m * +- ■ m. * * * _ * _ _ _ _ _.
Order Form: EPACK
BROM
EPG
MMB
SDUMP
UPGRADE NO.
@ $150.00 =
@ $ 25.00 =
@ $105.00 =
@ $ 30.00 =
@ $ 25.00 =
@ $ 15.00 =
Wis. residents add 5% sales tax
Shipping & Handling: # of items x $2.00/item =
TOTALORDER: $
TO ORDER BY MAIL: SEND MONEY ORDER, CERTIFIED CHECK, CASHIERS
CHECK MASTERCARD/VISA (include card number, inter-bank number,
expiration date and signature).
DEALER INQUIRIES WANTED [minimum dealer order Is ID unlit]
Software Review . . .
Race Or Demolition Derby
It Still Gets High Marks
The KAGRG gives Space Race, by Spectral Associates,
very high marks for action, graphics and sound. We've
stepped beyond the "graphics compare favorably with
arcade games" stage with this one and are now in direct
competition.
So who is this KAGRG? They are the videogame
experts — at least in my house. The Knight Arcade Game
Review Group consists of one 15-year old son, one 13-year
old daughter, and — at least in this case — one wife, over 21.1
use my 6809 machine for word processing and data storage,
seldom do I venture into saving the cosmos from alien
eradication.
I did have a go at Space Race, which in my case was more
of a demolition derby. I was not quite good enough to be
erratic, but if they gave points for kamikaze attacks 1 might
have had a respectable score. Nimble my fingers ain't.
The Group was impressed. As a machine language
program — which requires 16K but not Extended BASIC —
it's extremely fast. Your highly maneuverable craft speeds
around the rectangular "track" avoiding motionless Mines,
floating Collectors, missiles from the Swarmers and the
concerted attack of the Berserkers.
There is more going on in this game than in the parking lot
at the Superbowl. Why you can even design a family handi-
capping system to give everyone a chance at the champion-
ship of the known universe — until the power goes off and all
the scores are lost, that is.
When you first EXECute the program it tries to make
friends by asking your name. Then it wants to know if you
want keyboard or joysticks (we started with keyboard but
quickly gave up — it's a lot easier to have the joystick think
for you). Then it wants to know what skill level you want.
With the options from 0 to 15, you have plenty of room to
grow. Without exception the Group started with 1 — I tried
out the 0.
You are given a squadron of four ships and the various
alien items pay from 25 to 600 points if you shoot 'em down.
There is no time limit but the speed at which you are
attacked makes the play go very fast. If you kill a Swarmer, a
Collector becomes a Swarmer and if you leave a Swarmer
alone too long it becomes a Berserker and immediately
attacks you.
Clearing the screen of bad guys gets you another batch of
bad guys — except that they get increasingly harder to shoot
down. Higher level Collectors have to be shot twice and at
the highest level the race track "infield" goes away leaving
you no place to hide. At this point it's a literal free-for-all.
For each 10,000 points scored you get another ship (with a
limit of five at any one time), but your skill level is automati-
cally advanced by two.
If (more like when) you lose your entire squadron the
program displays the nine highest scores during that power-
up period and asks if you want to play again. Pressing Y will
get you another squadron at your original level and a new
game.
The N gives someone else a chance to play as it goes back
to the main menu and asks for name, skill level and joystick
or keyboard.
The high score chart shows the name of the player, his or
her score and the level at which it was earned. With basic
handicapping skills you could even out the competition for
all players.
While the game is designed to be played with joysticks or
keyboard, we found that the keyboard required more per-
sonal memory than any of us was willing to provide. Trying
to remember that "1" is counterclockwise rotation, right
arrow was fire, left was thrust and clear was reverse made us
thankful for joysticks. I would guess the ultimate competi-
tion to be a level 1 5 battle with keyboard on about the sixth
wave of enemy.
The game is a winner for action lovers. In fact, even 1 got
hooked on it, and I generally do not like shoot-'em-ups. The
KAGRG couldn't even suggest where improvements could
be made.
But the documentation could be improved. It is all there,
even disk save instructions, but the presentation is not very
logical. For instance, I found the loading instructions about
two-thirds of the way down the page after the play
instructions.
I'm renowned as a videogame cynic, and the worst I can
say is that the instructions are illogical — this must be a good
one.
(Spectral Associates Inc., 141 Harvard Ave., Tacoma, WA
98466)
—Glenn B. Knight
SPECTRAN
— SPECTACULATOR TO ASCII
■ W W I I
— ASCII TO SPECTACULATOR —
Use Your Word Processing Program
To Include Spectacul ator Tables In Your
Reports
Run Spectacul ator On lata Files Created
Outside Of Spectacul ator
Spectran is a easy to use program for unleashing the
power of Disk Spec tacul ator . ML makes it quick. Works
with ASCII compatible WP programs on 16K or 32K Disk
systems. Use spreadsheet tables in your reports- Use
downloaded data in Spectacul ator . Easy to follow manual
with examples. On diskette -For $25.00 postpaid.
DISK UTILILTY PACKAGE
DIRDUPL -
Simple program -for protecting and restoring many
bombed diskettes.
DISKLOOK -
-> Disk utility program to examine and change
data bytes on diskettes.
-> File analysis.
— > List granules allocated to a disk -file.
-> Alter Directory contents.
-> Simultaneous listing of diskette data contents
in ASCII and HEX formats.
-> User friendly.
The DISK UTILITY PACKAGE including DIRDUPL, DISKLOOK,
and manuals on diskette for $15.00 postpaid.
INTRODUCTORY OFFER!
For a limited time, if you order Spectran at $25.00 we
will include the DISK UTILITY PACKAGE and manuals at nn
extra cost. Now that's a bargain!
CRIMSON SOFTWARE
The RESEARCH ASSOCIATES Group
32 Beverly Heights
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35404
24 the RAINBOW April, 1983
For the Ultimate in Games,
Look to Radio Shack's TRS-80
Exciting Poltergeist Game
Just Like the Movie
A Radio Shack exclusive! Unless you complete three
levels of eerie play, you don't stand a "ghost" of a
chance of rescuing Carol Anne! First you must dis-
cover the clues. Next climb the hazardous stairs.
Then it's time to destroy the poltergeist — if you can!
(Cat. No. 26-3073, $34.95)
Enjoy these exciting
games with Radio
Shack's TRS-80 Color
Computer {26-3004,
$299.95) and joystick
controllers (26-3008,
$24.95). Attaches to
any TV (not included).
Choose From Over 40 Games Like These!
O SCORE
* DDDCIDD
HICH
5CJ3HE
flUDDDil
Mega-Bug. It's a maze of fun as
you try to lose and confuse the
little "buggers" hot on your trail!
(26-3076. '$34.95)
Clowns and Balloons. Bounce a
"monkey-suited" clown high
enough offthenetto pop the bal-
loons above. (26-3087, $29.95)
Monster Maze. Thread your
way through an evil dungeon to
find the gold. Beware of laser-
firing monsters! (26-308 1 , $29.95)
Shooting Gallery. Hit moving
targets for points in a whimsical
carnival atmosphere. Lots of sur-
prises! (26-3088, $29.95)
Microbes. You're the disinfector,
shooting antibiotics at deadly
germs. 15 levels of nasty diffi-
culty. (26-3085, $24.95)
Radio /hack
The biggest name in little computers'
A DIVISION OK TANDY CORPORATION
1 ■ 1
Send me your free TRS-80
Computer Catalog today!
Mail To: Radio Shack, Dept. 83-A-6S9
300 One Tandy Center
Fort Worth, Texas 76102
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
ZIP
Retail prices may vary atindividual storesand deal-
ers. Poltergeist © 1982 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Film
Co. and SLM Entertainment. Ltd.
Software Review . . .
ECM: Your Money's Worth
And A Basic Bonus
ECM, Electricity Consumption Monitor, from CoCo-
DAT A Enterprises offers a lot more than the advertisements
suggest. In addition to a very neat, compact energy monitor-
ing routine, it offers a few nice BASIC programming
techniques.
The ads that offer full refund if not completely satisif ied
offer some comfort in purchasing software through the mail.
This is the claim of CoCoDATA for their product ECM.
They should have very few claims for refunds.
The documentation leads you through the setup very
painlessly. It even includes a short course on reading your
electric meter. This is the part your computer won't do for
you.
The program uses the information from your utility bill
and from daily readings you make of your electric meter.
This information must be placed in the body of the program,
following the format guidlines provided in the instructions.
The billing information is listed in the program as Line 200
BI$(l)=date, consumption & amount.
The meter readings are entered as Line 100DATA date &
meter reading. The program has sufficient line space set up
for one year without modification of the program. The
author has chosen this method of data storage to eliminate
the use of a separate data file tape.
Oncetheinformationisentered in the program, RUN and
computed, you are presented with a menu to select: (1) 30
"See" Music!!
•The KALEIDOPHONE allows your Color Computer to "listen to"
your hi-fi and display what it "hears" on your TV!
•Built-in interface circuitry lets the computer devote full-time
to creating the displays, so breath-taking, animated pictures in
full color are easy to program.
•Just plug the KALEIDOPHONE into hi-fi and joystick inputs.
•Do not confuse with imitations — the KALEIDOPHONE
continuously delivers actual volume signals (64 levels on
each of 4 channels). Works on any CoCo.
•Users' newsletter (FREE with purchase) contains dozens of new
display ideas in each issue — a literally infinite variety of pat-
terns is possible!
•The KALEIDOPHONE is something really new. Great for
parties! Order Now. 1
•Only '49.95 fully assembled. Kit version: *34.95. Both ver-
sions include operating software and full instructions. BONUS:
free issue of KALEIDOPHONICS!
NEW SALEM RESEARCH
West Main Street
New Salem, Mass. 01355
Kaleid
PH
NE
days consumption in dollars or KWH, (2) Graph of last 60
days use or (3) Next months bill projected with 20 day trend
analysis.
Selecting item one will provide a screen list of the electric-
ity usage by date in terms of dollars or KWH. It will also
calculate the high, low and average use for those 30 days.
Item two presents a nice hi-res bar graph for a 60 day
period. The graph can be dumped to the printer using one of
the many screen print routines available such as the one
from Custom Software Engineering. The graph has a unique
feature in that it marks the average value of all plots with a
tic mark just left of the vertical axis.
□Q
4-
hG Dm YE -
Item (3) will display a trend analysis indicating a percen-
tage increase or decrease in consumption.
The extras you get with the program are the author's
programming techniques. You can learn how he handles
dated information or draw a nifty little bar graph or how he
does a trend analysis or how to selectranges in data or how
to use program insertions for data updates. All of this, plus
the instruction booklet, includes a few energy conservation
techniques that you can apply and then monitor theiractual
effectiveness.
ECM comes with sample data included to demonstrate
the program and will run on 16 or 32K Extended Basic. A
good purchase for your utility library.
(CoCoDATA Enterprises, 1215 EmeraldaDr., Orlando, FL
32808, $10.45 cassette)
— Ed Sehlhorst
Hint . .
Saving In ASCII
When you SAVE programs, CoCo can perform this
function in two ways, by using binary codes or actual letters
and numbers (called ASCII and pronounced AS-KEY).
Although it takes longer, ASCII sometimes is a more
accurate way to SAVE a program, especially when you may
be transferring programs between systems — say from a disk-
based to a cassette-based system.
To SAVE in ASCII, simple add a comma and an "A" to
the end of your SAVE instruction, like this: CSAVE
"PROGRAM",A and the ASCII SAVE will be done by
CoCo.
26
the RAINBOW
April, 1983
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
• FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER & TDP 100 • 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 (616) 364-479>
THE
KING
1982
32K Machine Language
$26.95 tape
$29.95 disk
ARCADE ACTION • How high can you climb? Four full graphic
screens. Exciting Sound - Realistic graphics. Never before has
the color computer seen a game like this. Early reviews say:
Just like the arcade - Simply outstanding!
PROTECTORS
Exciting fast paced arcade
game that looks and plays like
the popular arcade game
"DEFENDER",
Wave after wave of enemy
fighters drop bombs on your
city. Destroy them before they
destroy your city. Soon the
mother ships appear firing laser blasts at you. Watch for the
heat seeking mines.
Your defense includes your laser cannon plus four smart
bombs on each of your four ships. A new ship with each 5,000
points.
High resolution graphics with four colors make this new 32K
arcade game the one for others to follow.
$24.95 TAPE $27.95 DISK
COLOR GOLF
Now sit at your computer and play
nine or eighteen holes. Outstanding
graphics in the fairway or on the
green. Helps your game.
32K EXTENDED BASIC $17.95
BIRD ATTACK-A fast paced machine language arcade game.
Shoot the birdmen before they descend upon you. Watch out
for their bombs! 16K Machine Language $21.95
MAZE RACE- Maze race is a one or two player game. Play either
against the built in timer or against your favorite opponent. 16K
Machine Code $17.95
SOLO POOL-Now play pool with your color computer. Two
players. Plays like machine language. Super color. High resolu-
tion graphics. 16K Ext. Basic $17.95
OTHER GREAT GAMES
ALL PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K
MOON LANDER* Fantastic Graphics. Land on the Moon if you
can. 2 Programs. Ext. Basic $17.95
DANCING DEVIL'Watch him dance to music or program him
yourself. Machine Language. $14.95
WAR KINGS«Battle to save your castle and king. High resolu-
tion graphics with outstanding sound make this one a real win-
ner. 16K Machine Language $17.95
ADVENTURES
TREK-16-Travel thru space with Spock and Capt.
ture. Tough! Ext. Basic.
SHIPWRECK-Escape from a desert isle if you
Adventure! Ext. Basic.
Kirk. Adven-
$17.95
can. Great
$14.95
ESCAPE FROM SPECTRE (Graphic Adventure)-You are a
secret agent for British Intelligence sent on a mission to obtain
the secret nerve gas formula being developed by S.P.E.C.T.R.E.
to destroy the world. 16K Ext. Basic $17.95
SPACE
SHUTTLE
1983
32K Ext. Basic
$28.95
TAPE
ONLY
This program gives you the real
feeling of flight. Full instrumenta-
tion complete to the max. Actual
simulation of space flight. 32K
Ext. Basic
3^
TRAP FALL by Ken Kalish
The ' Pitfalls 11 In this game are many. Hidden treasures, jump
over the pits, swing on the vine, watch out for alligators,
beware of the scorpion. Another game for the Color Computer
with the same high resolution graphics as "The King".
Requires 16K
Tape 27J5
KATERPILLAR
ATTACK
Outstanding graphics and sound will
end all of those trips to the arcade. So
much like the arcade you have to see it
to believe it. Requires Ext. Basic.
16K MACHINE LANGUAGE $21.95
DISK $24.95
UTILITIES
COLOR MONITOR-Written in position independent code. (May
be located in any free memory). Very compact. Only occupies
1174 bytes of memory. Full Featured. Includes Break-Pointing
of machine language programs, register display and modify,
memory display and modify, and block memory move com-
mands. Displays memory in hex and ascii format on one line 8
bytes long. MACHINE LANGUAGE $24.95
ROM-This program is a utility that will move "most" 8K Rom-
Packs to disk and allow you to run them from disk. Easy to use.
Requires 64K. $17.95
SCREEN PRINT ROUTINE-Using your Epson or Microline
Printer. Print the screen contents on a full size 8V2 x 11 sheet.
16K Ext. Basic $17.95
TAPE OUPE— Brand new machine language program that
copies any tape effortlessly. Completely automatic. $16.95
DISK TO TAPE-Dump the contents of any disk to tape
automatically. Machine Language. $17.95
TAPE TO DISK-Load the contents of any tape to disk
automatically. Machine Language. $17.95
MAIL LIST-Maintain a complete mailing list with phone
numbers etc. Ext. Basic. $17.95
THE FIXER-Having trouble moving those 600 Hex progams to
disk? The fixer will help. Completely automatic. $17.95
TAPE CAT-AM new machine language program lists contents of
tapes to printer. Make a catalog of your tapes. $17.95
PROGRAM PRINTER UTILITY-This program will list basic pro-
grams to your printer in two column format. Saves paper and
makes your listing look professional. Disk based. $17.95
ADD $1 .00 POSTAGE & HANDLING • TOP ROYALTIES PAID
MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4% SALESTAX • LOOKING FOR NEW SOFTWARE
*TO PLACE ORDERS AFTER 5:00 P.M. CALL OUR BBS AT 616-364-4791
SEE YOU AT RAINBOW FEST
GAME
1 16K
■
' ita 1
ECB
RAINBOW
Tfre Horses Are
Nearing The
Starting Gate...
Program by
Rob Becker
Now that springtime has gotten a good foothold around
and about, the thoughts of some young innocents have
turned to that traditional befuddler of mind and body
chemistry called love. But the stars in the eyes of many
another older (but not wiser) head are there in anticipation
of the season's parimutuel betting which will be taking place
on the grounds of this nation's many venerable ovals.
Particularly, on the first Saturday of May, the attention
of sporting-minded folk around the world will befocused on
a patch of turf in the heart of Louisville, which for over a
century has hosted the world's premier horse race, the
ultimate championship for three-year-old thoroughbreds,
the Kentucky Derby.
The track, of course, is Churchill Downs. And the
excitement that spring day will be shared on the grounds by
a community of over 150,000 novices, pros, horsemen,
innocents and touts — all reaching for the gold ring: that
winning parimutuel ticket on the big one.
Whether or not you are so fortunate as to be at "the
Track" that day, we have here a little racing program in
honor of the Kentucky Derby with which you might want to
test your luck. Rob Becker, of Smithtown, New York, didn't
write this program specifically for the Derby, but at this time
in Kentucky when folks have just polished up their silver
julep cups and dusted off their worn copies of Irvin S.
Cobb's recipe for muddled mintand Bourbon, it's the only
race that comes to mind.
The program accepts win, place and show betting, and
allows you to make your pick from an eight-horse field. The
day's 'card'contains 10 races, and you may bet any amount
up to your total holdings on any race. You are spotted $100
at post time.
The program is self-prompting, but . . . pssst . . . before
you go trackside, let me give you a tip: play the filly — she'll
run her heart out.
— Courtney Noe
80
210
310
430
END
03EB
0747
0B30
0F5D
1534
_
The listing:
1 * HORSE RACING ***
2 * BY ROB BECKER
10 BL*=CHR* ( 128) : Bl$="horse" : B2*
=" racing " : B3»»"by" : B4*="rob" : B5*
= n becker " : F0RX=1T015: CL=RND (8) : C
LS(CD :print@106,bi*;bl*; B2*; :so
UNDX*3, 1 : NEXT: CLS0: PRINT© 106, Bl*
; BL*; B2*; : PRINTG265, B3*; BL*; BL*;
B4*; BL*; B5*; : SCREEN0, 1
20 ht=0:forjk=ito7:ht=ht+16:h*<j
K) =CHR* ( 143+HT) : NEXT: H* (8) ="G" : H
C=0 : FORHN= 1 T07 : HC=HC+ 1 6 : H 1 * ( HN ) =
CHR* ( 128) +CHR* ( 131+HC) +CHR* (142+
28 the RAINBOW April, 1983
HC ) : H2* ( HN ) =CHR* ( 1 28 ) +CHR* ( 1 36+H
C ) +CHR* ( 1 36+HC ):NEXT:H1*(8) =CHR*
(128) +CHR* ( 131 ) +CHR* ( 142)
30 FORX=160TO189:PRINT@X,H1*(7) ;
:PRINT@X+32,H2*<7) ; :SCREEN0, l:FO
RY=1TO100: nexty: nextx
40 H3*=CHR*(128)+CHR*(128) :H4*=C
HR* ( 1 28 ) +CHR* ( 1 28 ) : H2* ( 8 ) =CHR* ( 1
28 ) +CHR* ( 1 36 ) +CHR* ( 1 36 ) : P0KE6549
5,0:CLS:PRINT"*** HORSE RACING *
** " : PR I NT " BY ROB BECKER " : PR I NT : I
NPUT"DO YOU WANT I NSTRUCT I ONS 11 ; I
*: IFI*="Y"THENGOSUB410
50 PRINT: INPUT " HOW MANY PLAYERS (
1 -8 ) " ; PL : I FPL< 1 OR PL >8THEN50ELS
EFORX= 1 TOPL : DD ( X ) = 1 00 : NEXT
60 FORX=l TOPL: PRINT: PR I NT "BETTER
";x; '"S name"; : inputa*<x> : next
70 1 FRA= 1 0THEN320ELSEFOR X= 1 T08 : M
V=RND (7) : H ( X ) =MV: NEXTX : CLS0: RA=R
A+l: PRINT"*** HORSE RACING ***":
PR I NT " RACE # " ; RA : PR I NT " HORSES "
80 FORX=1TO8:P=RND(0) :SH=RND(0) :
P=P+l:SH=SH+2:PRlNTX") ";H*(X) ; "
"; :PRINTUSING"*##.##";H(X) ; :PRI
NT" "; :PRINTUSING"*##.##";H(X)/P
; : PRINT" " ; :PRINTUSING"*##.##";H
(X) /SH: NEXT
90 I FR A > 1 THE N 1 00ELSEFOR X = 1 TOPL : G
OTO140
100 PRINT641, "*":PRINT@73, "*":PR
I NT643, "RESULTS OF RACE #";RA-1:
PRINT675, "1ST. " ; H* (HP ( 1 ) ) ; " 2ND
. ";H*(HP(2) ) ; " 3RD. ";H*(HP(3)>
: PA=0: FOR X=l TOPL
110 I FDD ( X ) =<0THENNEXTX
1 20 FOR 1=1 TOPL : I FDD ( I ) >0THEN 1 40E
LSENEXTI
130 GOTO320
140 PRINT@384,A*(X) "' S BET" : PR IN
T"YOU HAVE "; : IFDD(XX100THENPRI
NTUS I NG " *### . ##" ; DD (X) ELSEPR I NTU
SING"* ###.##" ;DD(X)
150 F0RS=448T0479:PRINT@S,CHR*(1
43 ) ; : NEXTS : PR I NT@448 , " WH I CH HORS
E"; : INPUTBB(X) : IFBB(X) >8 OR BB(X
) < 1 THEN 140
160 PRINT6448, "1-WIN 2-PLACE 3-S
HOW"; : INPUTWS(X) : IFWS(X)<1 OR WS
(X) >3THEN160
170 F0RY=448T0479:PRINT@Y,CHR*(1
43) ; : NEXTY :PRINT@448, "MONEY (1-";
:printusing"###.##";dd<x) ;: print
") "; : INPUTMN(X) : IFMN(XX.01 OR M
N(X) >DD(X) THEN170ELSENEXTX
180 CLS0:FORX=62TO63:FORY=0TO31:
SET ( X , Y, 5) : NEXTY, X : L=0: FORX=0TO5
11STEP64:L=L+1:PRINT@X,H1*(L) ; :P
RINT6X+32, H2* (L) ; : NEXT
1 90 FORX= 1 TO 1 000 : NE X T : PLAY " L4T50
2CFA03L8CT7P8CP64CP64CP802T5L8AT
7P8AP64AP64AP8T5L8 . F03C02FL 1 CL4P
2CFA03L8CT7P8CP64CP64CP802T5L8AT
7P8 AP64 AP64 AP8T5L8 . CP64CP64CL IF"
200 A=0:B=128:C=192:D=256:E=320:
F=384: G=448: HH=64
210 X=RND(8)
220 ON X GOTO 230,240,250,260,27
0,280,290,300
230 I F A=29THENPR I NT@ A+ 1 , H3* ; : PR I
NT6A+33, H4*; : GOTO210ELSEIFX=1THE
NS=RND (8) : I FS< H ( 1 ) THEN21 0ELSE A= A
+l:PRINT@A,Hl*(l) ; :PRINT@A+32,H2
*(1) ; : IFA=29THENZC=l:GOSUB400
240 I FHH=93THENPR I NT6HH+ 1 , H3* ; : P
RINT6HH+33, H4*; : GOTO210ELSEIFX=2
THENS=RND (8) : I FS< H ( 2 ) THEN2 1 0ELSE
HH=HH+l:PRINT@HH,Hl*(2) ; :PRINT@H
H+32,H2*<2) ; : IFHH=93THENZC=2:G0S
UB400
250 I FB= 1 57THENPR I NT6B+ 1 , H3* ; : PR
I NT6B+33 , H4* ; : G0T02 1 0ELSE I F X=3TH
ENS=RND (8) : IFS<H (3) THEN2 1 0ELSEB=
B+l : PRINT6B, HI* (3) ; : PRINT6B+32, H
2* (3) ; : IFB=157THENZC=3:GOSUB400
260 I FC=22 1 THENPR I NT@C+ 1 , H3* ; : PR
INT6C+33, H4*; : GOTO210ELSEIFX=4TH
ENS=RND (8) : IFS<H(4)THEN210ELSEC=
C+l:PRINT@C,Hl*(4) ; :PRINT@C+32,H
Use Color Power.
Co I or ZAP uses the power
of the Color Computer to prt>
vide both rapid scanning and
full screen modification capabilities.
• Recover killed and clobbered files.
• Find unreadable disk sectors.
• Modify nibbles in hexadecimal.
• Copy sectors to same or different drive.
Use color power to scan disk data.
Here's what the reviewers said...
About the program: "ColorZAP i s a powerful program
that allows you to see what is on the disk, modify it and, if
possible, recreate it. Menu-driven, ColorZAP is extremely
easy to use and well-documented... A good offering " —
The RAINBOW, September 1982
About the manual: "A 24-page manual is included that
describes program operation in detail. It also provides
valuable information on the important disk system pa-
rameters," - MICRO, December 1982
For the TRS-80 Color Computer. Available on disk with an accom-
panying manual from Software Options, 19 Rector Street, New
York, N Y. 10006. 212-785-8285 Toll-free order line: 800-221-1624.
Price: $49.95 (plus $2.00 per order shipping and -^aayj^
handling). New York State residents add sales
tax. Visa/Mastercard accepted.
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 29
We're the Source
for Your
Courseware
128 Full-time Audio
Talk/Tutor Programs!
In color, with pictures
and text!
All our TRS-80 Color programs have easy to
understand professional announcer narration, not
synthesized, robotic voices. All text is displayed in
easy to read upper- and lower-case characters.
Video clearly illustrates key concepts in each frame
of the program.
Programs for your TRS-80 Color Computer:
LANGUAGE ARTS
Spelling (16 programs)
Level 3-4 (16 programs)
(words in context with definitions and synonyms)
Phonics
English as a Second Language
MATHEMATICS
Level 1-6 Numbers
Basic Algebra
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Physics
(16 programs)
(32 programs)
(16 programs)
(16 programs)
(16 programs)
Only $4.95 per program! ($9.90 for 2, one on each
side). $79.00 for 16 in an album $59.00 for 16 in
a box. Send $1.00, refundable, for catalog of 1000
programs for Atari, Mod III, etc.
DORSETT
Educational Systems, Inc.
(405) 288-2300
Box 1226. Norman, OK 73070
VfSA
2* (4) ; : IFC=221THENZC=4: GOSUB400
270 IFD=285THENPRINT@D+1,H3*; : PR
I NT6D+33 , H4*; : G0T02 1 0ELSE I FX=5TH
ENS=RND(8> : IFS<H(5)THEN210ELSED=
D+1:PRINT@D,H1*(5> ; : PRINT6D+32, H
2* (5) ; : IFD=285THENZC=5:GOSUB400
280 I FE=349THENPR I NT6E+ 1 , H3* ; : PR
I NT6E+33 , H4* ; : G0T02 1 0ELSE I FX=6TH
ENS=RND (8) : IFS<H(6)THEN210ELSEE=
E+1:PRINT@E,H1*(6> ; : PRINT6E+32, H
2* (6) ; : IFE=349THENZC=6: GOSUB400
290 I FF=4 1 3THENPR I NT@F+ 1 , H3* ; : PR
I NT6F+33 , H4*; : G0T02 1 0ELSE I FX=7TH
ENS=RND (8) : I FS< H < 7 ) THEN2 1 0ELSEF=
F+1:PRINT@F,H1*(7> ; : PRINT6F+32, H
2* (7) ; : IFF=413THENZC=7:GOSUB400
300 IFG=476THENPRINT@G+1 , H3*; : PR
INT6G+33, H4*; : GOTO210ELSEIFX=8TH
ENS=RND (8) : IFS<H(8)THEN210ELSEG=
G+1:PRINT@G,H1*(8> ; : PRINT6G+32, H
2* (8) ; : IFG=476THENZC=8: GOSUB400
310 GOTO210
320 CLS:PRINT"*** HORSE RACING *
** " : PR I NT " GAME O VE R " : PR I NT : PR I NT
"FINAL SCORES :": PRINT: F0RY=1T08
00:next:forx=itopl:printa*<x) ; "
*" ; dd < x ) : fory=ito800: nexty: nextx
:end
330 FORQ= 1 TOPL : I FWS < Q ) = 1 THEN340E
LSE I FWS < Q ) =2THEN360ELSE380
340 I FBB < Q ) =HP < 1 ) THENDD < Q ) =DD < Q )
+MN < Q ) *H < BB < Q ) ) / 2ELSEDD < Q ) =DD < Q )
-MN <Q> : NEXTQ: GOTO70
350 NEXTQ: GOTO70
360 IFBB(Q)=HP<1) OR BB(Q)=HP<2)
THENDD <Q) =DD <Q> +MN <Q) *H (BB (Q) ) /P
/ 2ELSEDD < Q ) =DD < Q ) -MN < Q ): NEXTQ: GO
TO70
370 NEXTQ: GOTO70
380 IFBB(Q)=HP<1) OR BB(Q)=HP<2)
OR BB(Q)=HP (3) THENDD <Q)=DD(Q)+M
N <Q) »H (BB (Q) > /SH/2ELSEDD (Q) =DD (Q
) -MN (Q) : NEXTQ: GOTO70
390 NEXTQ: GOTO70
400 PA=PA+l:HP(PA)=ZC: IFPA=>3THE
N330ELSERETURN
410 CLS:PRINT"*** HORSE RACING *
♦♦" : PRINT: PRINT" YOU ARE GIVEN *
100 TO START OFF THE GAME. ON
CE THE GAME HAS STARTED, YOU WIL
L SEE THE LIST OF HORSES, AND H
OW MUCH THEY PAY OFF . "
420 PRINT" EACH HORSE IS NUMBERE
D, SO WHEN YOU CHOOSE THE HO
RSE YOU WISH TO BET ON, TYPE T
HE NUMBER THAT REPRESENTS THAT H
ORSE. YOUR HORSE IS IDENTIFI
ED BY IT'S COLOR. ' G* REPRES
ENTS GREEN ON THE CHART."
430 A*= I NKEY$ : I FA*= " " THEN430ELSE
the RAINBOW April. 1983
FINALLY!
A REAL SPREAD-SHEET PROGRAM FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
Business people use spread-sheets to organize columns and rows of figures.
DYNACALC simulates the operation of a spread-sheet without the mess of paper and
pencil. Of course, corrections and changes are a snap. Changing any entered
value causes the whole spread-sheet to be re-calculated based on the new
constants. This means that you can play, 'what if?' to your heart's content.
But DYNACALC isn't just for accountants. DYNACALC can be used for just
about any type of job. Not only numbers, but alphanumeric messages can be
handled. Engineers and other technical users will love DYNACALC's s ixteen-d i g i t
math and built-in scientific functions. There's even a built-in sort command,
so you can use DYNACALC to manage small data bases - up to 256 records.
DYNACALC will let your computer do just about anything you can imagine.
Ask your friends who have VisiCalc, or a similar program, just how useful an
electronic spread-sheet program can be for all types of household, business,
engineering, and scientific applications.
DYNACALC is designed to be used by non-programmers, but even a Ph.D. in
Computer Science can understand it. Built-in HELP messages are provided for
quick reference to operating instructions.
DYNACALC has a beautifully simple method of reading and writing FLEX data
files, so you can communicate both ways with other programs on your system, such
as the Text Editor, Text Processor, Sort/Merge, RMS data base system, or other
programs written in BASIC, C, PASCAL, FORTRAN, and so on.
Except for a few seldom-used commands, DYNACALC is memory-resident, so
there is little disk I/O to slow things down. The whole data array (worksheet)
is in memory, so access to any point is instantaneous. DYNACALC is 1 00% 6809
machine code for blistering speed.
Color Computer DYNACALC works with the FLEX operating system from Frank
Hogg Laboratory (64k required). If you aren't already using this powerful
operating system, we have a special deal for you: order DYNACALC (regularly
$200)- and FHL Color FLEX (regularly $99) together for only $250.
To order, see your local DYNACALC dealer, or order directly from CSC at the
address below. We accept telephone orders from 10 am to 6 pm, Monday through
Friday. Call us at 314-576-5020. Your VISA or MasterCard is welcome. Be sure
to specify that you want the Color Computer version.
TM
ORDER YOUR DYNACALC TODAY!
Computer Systems Center
13461 Olive Blvd.
Chesterfield, MO 63017
(314) 576-5020
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE
★ UNIVERSAL PROGRAM 1(UP-1) *
Known as the Program Stacker, UP-1 allows several
programs to be loaded until the memory is fill ed . Quickly
jump from one program to another or compose new
programs while retaining the old ones. Programs are
included for patching damaged programs. Allows data or
machine language programs to be stored and retrieved
from a cassette. Programs are included for writing values
or characters to memory, and displaying memory con-
tents. Blocks of memory can be relocated. UP-1 can be
used as a Word Processor by allowing textto be stored in
memory and printed onthescreen oran external printer.
UP-1 Cassette $14.95.
★ DISASSEMBLER-ASSEMBLER (DISASM) ★
Using English mnemonics and Decimal Locations,
DISASM is an easy way to learn to assemble machine
Language Programs or Subroutines. Subroutines can be
used with Basic Programs and called by either USR or
EXECcommands. For CC compatibility, all locationsare
given in Decimal Values eliminating the confusion asso-
ciated with using HEX. All commands are Menue
oriented and the user provides the particulars for the
commands without having to remember command for-
mats. The Disassembler can be used to Analyze Machine
Language Programs as well as the Basic and Extended
CC ROMS. Example programs are included. Cassette
$19.95.
★ TERMINAL PROGRAM (DYTERM) ★ new
DYTERM is designed to convert a Color Computer into
a terminal. Use it to send and receive information from
another computer, another terminal, or use it to provide
the software needed for sending and receiving informa-
tion over telephone lines with a MODEM. DYTERM is a
BASIC program with Machine Languate Subroutines.
Cassette $14.95.
EXTENDED BASIC is not REQUIRED. All programs
require a 16K Computer and are DISC compatible.
HARDWARE ITEMS
Increase your computer's memory with the following
Memory Expansion Kits. Soldering is not required but
your waranty will be voided by removing the cover. The
kits carry a one year warranty.
ME-1 upgrades 4K to 16K $19.95
ME-2 upgrades 4K to 32K $59.95
ME-3 upgrades 16K to 32K $39.95
ME-4 upgrades all CC to 64K $99.95
Note: A 1.1 ROM is required for ME-4
6809E Microprocessor Chip $19.95
6821 Peripheral Interface Adapter $6.95
EXTENDED BASIC ROM $85.00
WE REPAIR COMPUTERS
★ PUTYOURPROGRAMSINAPROM PACK ★
We will put your Machine Language and/or BASIC
Programs in a Cartridge. Send us your program on a
Cassette and we will return a Cartridge with your pro-
gram in it. The cost is $19.95 for up to 4K and $29.95 for
up to 8K. Add $2 for shipping.
ATTENTION SOFTWARE PROGRAMMERS: We are
looking for good original programs and are willing to pay
high ROYALTIES for them. Write or call for details.
DEALERS INQUIRIES INVITED
Checks, VISA & MC Cards Add $1 shipping
DYNAMIC ELECTRONICS INC.
P.O. Box 896
Hartselle, AL 35640
(205) 773-2758
CLS: PRINT " THE ROWS OF PRICES, R
EPRESENT THE AMOUNT OF MONEY YO
U WIN FOR THAT HORSE- ROW 1 TELL
S YOU HOW MUCH MONEY YOU WIN, IF
YOUR HORSE COMES IN FIRST."
440 PRINT" ROW 2 TELLS YOU HOW M
UCH YOU WIN IF YOUR HORSE COME
S IN 1ST- OR 2ND. AND ROW 3 TELL
S YOU HOW MUCH MONEY IF YOUR HOR
SE FINISHES 1ST, 2ND OR 3R
D. "
450 A*= I NKEY$ : I FA*= " " THEN450ELSE
CLS: PRINT" DURING THE TIME YOU A
RE ASKED TO BET ON HORSE, YOU A
RE ASKED TO CHOOSE WIN, PLACE 0
R SHOW. I WILL DESCRIBE THIS P
ROCEDURE. "
460 PRINT" WIN — IF YOU CHOOSE W
IN, YOUR HORSE MUST FINISH FIRS
T. FOR EVERY *2 YOU BET YOU R
EC I EVE THE AMOUNT OF MONEY TH
AT YOUR HORSE PAYS FOR A WIN.
IF YOUR HORSE DOES NOT FINISH
FIRST, YOU LOSE THE AMOUNT OF
MONEY YOUBET. "
470 A*=INKEY*: IFA*= " "THEN470ELSE
CLS: PR I NT" PLACE — IF YOU CHOOSE
PLACE YOUR HORSE MUST COME I
N FIRST OR SECOND. ALL THE OTH
ER PROCEDURES FOLLOW THE
SAME RULE AS ' WIN' . " : PRI NT" SHOW
— YOUR HORSE MUST FINISH 1ST,
2ND, OR 3RD. "
480 PR I NT "ALL OF THE REST OF THE
PROCEDURES ARE THE SAM
E AS 'WIN' AND 'PLACE'"
490 a*= I NKEY$ : I FA$= " " THEN490ELSE
CLS: PR I NT" REMEMBER : YOU WIN MO
RE MONEY IF YOU CHOOSE 'WIN' AN
D YOUR HORSE COMES IN FIRST,
BUT YOU WIN MORE OFTEN CHOOSIN
G 'PLACE' OR 'SHOW'. ALSO, A HOR
SES SPEED DEPENDS ON HOW MUCH A
HORSE PAYSOFF. "
500 PRINT" A HORSE THAT PAYS OFF
*3, IS FASTER THAN A HORSE TH
AT PAYS OFF *6. THE LOWER THE
HORSE PAYSOFF, THE FASTER THE HO
RSE IS. IF YOU RUN OUT OF MONE
Y, YOU LOSE, AND YOU ARE OUT
OF THE GAME. "
510 A*=INKEY*: IFA*=""THEN510ELSE
CLS: PRINT" IF THERE ARE ANY OTHE
R PLAYERS IN THE GAME, THE GAME
CONTINUES. AFTER 10 RACES THE GAM
E IS OVER AND EVERYONES MONEY LE
FT IS SHOWN. YOU CAN NOT BET
MORE MONEY THEN YOU HAVE. "
520 RETURN
32 the RAINBOW April, 1983
:
GIVE YOUR CHILD
AN UNFAIR
ADVANTAGE
Don't just depend on others to provide
basic education your child needs to
succeed in tomorrow's world. While test
scores of others may go down, your
child's scores can improve
dramatically when you provide him
or her with individualized
MICRO SCHOOL PROGRAMS,
in Reading, Math, English Usage,
Spelling, and Games that Teach.
Learning at home can be fun.
He or she can master basic
skills, using a MICRO SCHOOL
PROGRAM, in just minutes each
day if you have an APPLE, ATARI,
TRS-80, TRS-80 COLOR or TDP
personal computer at home.
ASK FOR MICRO SCHOOL
PROGRAMS BY NAME at your
local computer store.
BERTAMAX INC.
101 Nickerson #202
Seattle, WA 98109
(206)282-6249
© 1982. Bertamax. Inc.
PERSONALIZED INSTRUCTION ON PERSONAL COMPUTERS
BERTAMAX INC,
EDUCATION
■
4K
mmmm
RAINBOW
Pop Quiz
States and Capitals is a short program which may be
helpful with your children's homework. It is a question and
answer drill toaid in the learningof all 50 statesand capitals.
It also can be easily modified to be used with other question-
answer drills.
After the basic program is loaded with CLOAD, type
RUN. The instructions are then displayed along with the
first question. If the answer is correct, another question will
be displayed. The computer allows you two chances to
answer the question correctly; if you are wrong on both tries,
it will display the answer and then repeat the question. After
completing 10 questions, your score is calculated and
displayed. At this time you are given the opportunity to
continue or stop.
The states and capitals can be reversed by changing the
following:
Line 80— SWAP STATES AND CAPITALS
Line 150— REPLACE CAPITAL AND A$(I) WITH
STATE AND B$(l)
Line 160— REPLACE B$(l) WITH A$(I)
Line 380— REPLACE B$(l) WITH A$(I)
Here is a short description of some important lines:
Lines 30-60 — Dimension Arrays, read the data into those
arrays
34 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Line 80 — Instructions
Line 100 — Sets # of questions to 10
Lines 110-130 — Random number generates to select
questions, checks that the same RND is not repeated
successively
Line 150 — Question format
Line 180 — Sets counter for 2 tries to answer question
Lines 260-290 — Scoring routine
Lines 320-360 — Data for arrays
320 054D
END 08CD
The listing:
10 * STATES AND CAPITALS
20 ' CHUCK FAESSLER FEB 1983
25 9 617 CAMERON COURT
26 ' KENNER, LA. 70062
30 CLS: CLEAR 1000
40 DIM A* (50) , B*<50>
50 FOR 1=1 TO 50
60 READ A*(I> ,B*(I> : NEXT I
of
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Get Your Very Own Pot 0' Gold! I Rainbow On Tape Tops Typing
Here's your chance to have a Pot O' Gold full of programs, articles and information about C0C0
every month of the year! A subscription to the Rainbow is only $22 and you won't miss a single
chock-full issue.
As the premier magazine for the TRS-80 Color, TDP-tOO and Dragon-32 computers, the
Rainbow has more of everything — and greater variety, too. Do yourself and your C0C0 a favor
and subscribe to the Rainbow today!
We accept VISA, MasterCard and American Express. Non-U. S. rates higher U.S. Currency only, please.
YES! Sign me up for a year (12 issues) of the Rainbow.
Name
Address
City
i
Tired of spending all your valuable computer time typing in those long, but wonderful. Rainbow
programs each month? Now there is Rainbow On Tape to help ease the pain.
Each month all the lengthy programs (over 20 lines) in the Rainbow can come to you ready-to-
run, thanks to Rainbow On Tape More than 20 programs every month in all 1 At $60 per year — or
$6.50 a tape — it is the biggest bargain going.
Back issues are available beginning with April, 1982 And each month's tape will be sent to
coincide with the arrival of your current month's issue of the Rainbow.
State
Zip
YES! Sign me up for the biggest bargain going . . . Rainbow On Tape!
□ A Full Year for $60 □ A Month for $6.50 (Specify Month
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Air mail U.S. $85. All subscriptions begin with the current issue. Please
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Subscriptions to Rainbow On Tape are $60 in the United States, U S. $70 in
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single issues add U S $2 to cover additional postage. Duties are the
responsibility of the purchaser
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RAINBOW
THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHY MAGAZINE
It's called the premier Color Computer magazine for
good reason. Thfc Rainbow is the biggest, best,
brightest and most comprehensive publication a
happy CoCo ever had! Is there any wonder we get
letters daily which praise the Rainbow, the magazine
one reader calls "A Pot Of Gold" for his Color
Computer?
The Rainbow features more programs, more
information and more in-depth treatment of the TRS-
80 Color, TDP System-100 and Dragon-32 computers
than anyone else.
Each monthly issue is well over 200 pages and
contains more than two dozen programs and 30 or
more product reviews. And advertisments: the
Rainbow is known as the medium for advertisers —
which means it has a wealth of information about new
products every month unavailable anywhere else!
More than 120 companies advertise in its pages every
month.
But what makes the Rainbow is its people. People
like Bob Albrecht, the master teacher of computer
programming. People like Don Inman, the world's
finest computer graphics writer. People like Dick
White, one of the most knowledgable writers about
BASIC going. Or Dennis Lewandowski, who has that
certain knack of explaining assembly language to
beginners. And award-winning Steve Blyn, the
Rainbow's, main educational columnist. These people,
and others, visit you monthly through columns
available only in the Rainbow.
Special programs on using Spectaculator. An
income tax reporting system. Complete Adventure
§ame& and Simulations. The Rainbow's unique
coreboard of arcade games. A column on
educationally-oriented LOGO. The world's first four-
color computer magazine centerfold! And much,
much more.
Join the thousands who have found the Rainbow to
be the absolute necessity for their CoCo. With all this
going for it, is it surprising that more than 95 percent of
the Rainbow's subscribers renew their subscriptions?
We're willing to bet that, a year from now, you'll be
among them!
the Rainbow
9529 U.S. Highway 42
P.O. Box 209
Prospect, KY 40059
70 PRINT61, "**** STATES AND CAPI
TALS
80 PRINT@68, "THIS PROGRAM WILL T
EST YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE 50 ST
ATES AND CAPITALS. AFTER EACH ST
ATE (SELECTED AT RANDOM) TYPE IT
S CAPITAL FOLLOWED BY < ENTER >"
90 N=0:c=0: w=0: x=0
100 N=N+l:lF N>10 THEN 260
110 I=RND(50)
120 IF X=I THEN GOTO110
130 X=I
140 Q=0
150 PRINT" ": PRINT" WHAT IS T
HE CAPITAL OF " ; A* ( I ) ; : INPU
T Z*
160 IF Z*=B*(I) THEN 190
170 PRINT"": PRINT" NOT CORRECT ! -
. -TRY AGAIN": W=W+1
180 Q=Q+l:lF Q>=2 THEN 370 ELSE
150
190 R=RND(5) :C=C+l: PRINT""
200 IF R=l THEN 210: IF R=2 THEN
290: IF R=3 THEN 230: IF R=4 THEN
240: IF R=5 THEN 250
210 PRINT" CORRECT- - .YOU'RE A GE
NIUS! ! ":GOTO100
220 PRINT" CORRECT ... YOU ' RE EXCE
PTIONAL! ! ": GOTO 100
230 PRINT" CORRECT. . .AMAZING ABI
LITY! ! ":GOTO100
240 PRINT" CORRECT ... YOU ' RE TOO
MUCH! ! 11 : GOTO 100
250 PRINT" RIGHT ON... CARRY ON!!
" : GOTO 100
260 T=C+W
270 CLS:PRINT@6, "♦♦♦♦ YOUR SCORE
♦♦♦*"
280 PR I NT664 , C ; " CORRECT " ; W ; " WRON
G" ; " GRADE" INT (C/T*100) ;
290 PRINT"-/."
300 PRINT6290, "DO YOU WISH TO CO
NTINUE":PRINT@ 325, "< ENTER > YES
OR NO": PRINT"": INPUT C*
310 CLS:IF C*="YES" THEN 90 ELSE
410
320 DATA MASSACHUSETTS, BOSTON, MA
INE, AUGUSTA, VERMONT, MONTPEL I ER , N
EV ADA, CARSON CITY, NEW HAMPSHIRE,
CONCORD, NEW YORK, ALBANY, NEW JERS
EY, TRENTON, CONNECTICUT, HARTFORD,
VIRGINIA, RICHMOND, WEST VIRGINIA,
CHARLESTON, MARYLAND, ANNAPOLIS, NO
RTH CAROLINA, RALEIGH
330 DATA SOUTH C AROL I N A, COLUMBIA
, FLOR I DA , TALLAHASSEE , GEORG I A , ATL
ANTA, ALABAMA, MONTGOMERY , ARKANSAS
, LITTLE ROCK, MISSISSIPPI, JACKSON
, WASH I NGTON , OL YMP I A , NEW MEXICO, S
ANTA FE, NORTH DAKOTA, B ISM ARK, SOU
5 " ; B* ( I
390 PRINT"": PRINT"
K YOU AGAIN! "
400 GOTO 140
Ala PKin
I WILL AS
FOUR NEW PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COLOR COMPUTER
SPDUMP A screen duap routine of 368 bytes of fasti
relocatable aachine language code. All PMODES, color
PMODES in A B&U shades, twice size option in PMODES 3
or A, position duap on paper, inverse iaage option, do
aore than 1 screen as for HPP graphics. Works on
DIP2fl0 LPVII etc. Coaes with BASIC instructions. Needs
BASIC1.1 or an 8bit printer fix. On tape. $16
CONCPOLY Use this aenu driven prograa to design and
draw a fantastic variety of intricate and colorful
patterns, suitable for duap to a printer, includes
exaaples and instructions. Works in a 16K coaputer,
EXT. or DISK BASIC. Coses on tape. $8
SIXFOURK Use your 64K coaputer froa BASIC. This
prograa allows you to inspect RAM, aove ROM to RAH and
run it there, disable DISK or EXT. BASIC, and Bake
setups with graphics, prograa, strings, and USR in
upper or lower RAM to get the best use of RAM. The
prograa does the setups and includes tutorials and
instructions to let you Bake setups. On tape. $20
ROTWORLD This showy prograa for the 64K coaputer will
display a rotating color globe of the earth. You get
20 fraaes of a PH0DE1 globe which is loaded into 60K
of RAH by a driver prograa plus an instruction prograi
all on disk to show off your 64K color coaputer. $25
Free little graphics prograa with order or request for
our catalog. For fast service send check or MO to:
SP SOFTWARE, 1102 JILTHORE, LYNCHBURG VA 24502
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 35
HARDWARE
i
CoCo Cabinet:
Compact, Compatible
By Curtis J. Bauter
POWERBYTE SOFTWARE
Presents
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Business and Home
for the
TRS 80 Color Computer
•TDP-100 Computer
65 Applications Available including;
TM
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THE ACCOUNTANT - General Ledger, Income
Statement & Balance Sheet
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/PAYABLE - Create
Journal for Current Accounts & Record of Paid Accts.
BUSINESS INVENTORY
ORDER TRACKER
MY PROFIT MARGIN
BILLING SOLVER
CASH FLOW MODEL
THE CLIENT TICKLER
INCOME & EXPENSER
BUSINESS
APPOINTMENTS
$19.95
$19.95
$16.95
$1 9.95
$16.95
$19.95
$1 5.95
$16.95
AT HOME INVENTORY
CHECKBOOK BOOKY
THE STOCK TICKER
TAPE
UTILITY BILL SAVER
THE BAR CHART
MOTHER'S RECIPES
THE MAILMAN
GRADE MY KIDS
$29.95
$21.95
$12.95
$12.95
$16.95
$12.95
$8.95
$12.95
$12.95
$15.95
AND MANY, MANY MORE!!
ALL PROGRAMS FOR CASSETTE & GUARANTEED TO LOAD
•FREE CATALOG
WITH INTRODUCTORY SPECIALS
POWERBYTE SOFTWARE
2 CHIPLEY RUN
WEST BERLIN, NJ 08091
(609) 346-3063
*
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VI
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To question of how to have organization hold sway
over the chaos which can develop from the accumulated
accoutrement of the avid computerist, one man's answer is
to be found in a piece of custom-built furniture.
My prime concern was a place to keep everything together
and yet have a compact piece of furniture when CoCo was
not in use.
As you can see, it's built on the lines of a standard
kneehole desk with a couple of important differences. The
overall dimensions are 38"L, 20"W, and 33"H. The "drawer"
that the computer sits on is 25" from the floor (including
casters), allowing plenty of space to sit comfortably. The
drawer itself measures I6/2" deep by 18 V2" wide which is
wide enough to insert ROM Packs with no trouble. The
additional height that this desk has keeps the monitor and
CTR-80A at a very comfortable viewing angle. With the aid
of the attached light, material on the top slide is easily read
and the three drawers below are holding (so far) all the
manuals, tapes, papers, and magazines that accumulate.
The frame was made from oak (for extra weight and
stability) and covered in half-inch thick plywood. The
computer drawer is supported by a "full extension drawer
slide" with a 50-pound load capacity when extended.
Cables from the computer go through a hole in the back of
the drawer to a matching hole in the rear of the desk. A
power outlet is located on the backside of the desk and is
controlled by a single switch located inside the left front leg.
This is a fairly easy desk to make and the dimensions can
be readily changed to suit your own needs.
36 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Turn your
color computer on
to the power of
NOW FROM THE WORLDS LARGEST SUPPLIER OF SOFTWARE FOR FLEX
COMES FHL COLOR FLEX. JUST LOOK AT THESE FEATURES:
KSEURSSL * FLEX wow only ss
THEN FHL Color FLEX Jf X
■3 i nc AifdiiBn i
FLEX is the world's most popular operating
system for the 6809 and with over 150
programs, we are the largest supplier
of software for FLEX, These programs are
NOT games but serious programs for your
Color Computer They range from word
processors thru business applications to
software development tools. Many Fortune
500 companies use our software.
incvv - mi iy cui iur
» NEW ■ interactive Assembler (Tiny ASM}
• NEW ■ Machine Language Monitor
• NEW - Video attributes include status lines,
protected lines, and inverse video
* Hi-Res screen formats
* 16 x 32 and 24 x 5I 5 upper and lower
See our NEW 32 page catalog in the
Jarh'83 issue of COLOR COMPUTER
NEWS featuring over 150 products for
FLEX, or send $3.00 to us and we will
see that you receive a copy!!
Optionally use a standard terminal
and printer
* Advance disk I/O and terminal
capabilities - Supporting 35 T 40,
and 80 track single or double sided,
[ single or double density drives
No additional hardware required
► We have supported FLEX with
more than any one else in the
world for more than two years!
SPECIAL
1. DBASIC, RS Disk Basic
under FLEX with a utility to
copy RS to FLEX disk $30.
2. ED/ASM, line and screen editor
with conditional macro assembler,
both more powerful than TSC's and
at the same cost, only $100*
3. COLOR UTILITIES, a set of 12
utilities especially designed for
FHL COLOR FLEX $50.
THE REGENCY TOWER
770 JAMES ST. • SYRACUSE, NY 13203
TELEX 646740 - (315) 474-7856
FRANK
HOGC
LABORATORY
'FLEX is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants Inc.
1. Here is Jeri plugging The Solution into the CoCo. Then she
will move the main case up close to the CoCo. The cable is
kept short to prevent noise and interference. The disk con-
troller can be plugged into the side slot. The power supply
plugs into a socket on the back of the case. All wires for the
internal boards exit out the back of the case.
2. Here Jeri is setting the dip switches in The Solution. The
hinged top makes the job easy. The switches can be set for
three different things. Up to four boards can be installed in-
side the case.
3. Here is The Solution at work. It makes a very nice addition 4, Here's The Solution all by itself. The heavy aluminum
to your CoCo with a black anodized top and a silver anodized anodized case is a thing to be proud of. The buffer board can
main case both made from heavy aluminum stock. be seen to the left of the main case. The LED indicator on the
front comes on when you turn on the power to your CoCo.
The Solution needs no on/off switch.
5. All that's missing from this picture is the plug in the wall
power supply. You can see the 4K EPROM monitor and the 4
position dip switch. At the front are four of the five expan-
sion slots with a disk controller plugged into the fifth slot on
the side. The power LED is at the lower right front of the
case.
6. Here's the real guts to The Solution. IVe took it all apart so
that you could look at the parts. The 1 amp power supply can
be seen in this picture. All the connectors are gold as you
would expect. The small board is the buffer board. The white
connectors are the same as the CoCo's.
FR
HO
LA
ANK
IGG
BORATORY
THE REGENCY TOWER«770 JAMES ST>SYRACUSE, NY 13203-TELEX 646740«(315) 474-7856
THE SOLUTION AND WHY WE BUILT IT
When we first introduced FLEX for the CoCo in February
1982 we received hundreds of calls from software and hard-
ware developers who wanted to use the CoCo because it
was so inexpensive compared to everything else on the
market. However there is not enough expansion or I/O In the
CoCo to make this possible for most of these users. I know
that the CoCo is viable in most cases, but for many, there
needed to be more. So that was the original reason for
designing the expansion box we call "THE SOLUTION."
The motherboard has the 2K/4K EPROM socket with a 4K
monitor EPROM in it. Also inside are 4 vertical connectors
for internally mounted boards or ROM type cartridges. The
fifth connector is horizontal and is made for the disk con-
troller, ROM cartridges or additional expansion out the side
the of The Solution. A four position dip switch allows for 3
options to be selected. One option will cause the CoCo to
get its interrupt and reset vectors from the monitor instead
of RS Basic.
If you choose to come up in the monitor, then it Is not
necessary to have RS Extended Basic in the CoCo to boot
FLEX because the monitor has a built-in boot. This saves
$100.00 of the cost of The Solution. The power supply is a
plug-in-the-wall type with a connector in the back of the
case. The back of the case is open and it is thru this that ail
the cables for the different cards go. This makes for a very
neat appearance.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Bus Structure... Fully buffered Color Computer compatible
bus. Priority daisy chained arrangement whereeach slot has
a priority assigned to it. The farther out on the bus that you
are, the less priority you have. The disk slot (0) has the
highest priority with slot 1, 2, 3, and then 4 has the lowest.
The pinout and the timing is the same as the Color Com-
puters with the exception of the sound line. This Is used on
the motherboard for the priority line.
Power Supply... The power supply is a tracking power sup-
ply which means that the Color Computer itself turns The
Solution on and off so that there is no need for an on/off
switch. A LED on the front of The Solution indicates when
the entire system is on or off. The tracking power supply
means that The Sol ution's b us voltage wil I be the same as
the Color Computers to within a very few minnivolts. The
power supply included with The Solution is a 1 amp supply
for the 5 volt line only. The +12 and - 12 voltages are taken
from the Color Computer.
Dip switch options...
1) Select the 4K ROM monitor. When this option is
selected, the system will come up in the monitorand get In-
terrupt vectors from it rather than the Radio Shack Basic
ROM. The reason you might want to do this Is so you can
boot FLEX from the monitor rather than Basic. This will
allow running FLEX without have to have Extended Color
Basic in the CoCo. This also ties in with the option on the
serial card to come up on a terminal instead of the CoCo TV
set and keyboard.
2) Disable the disk slot (0). This will allow using ROM
cartidges in The Solution without unplugginq the disk card.
When the switch is on, the ROM is active. When It Is off,
whatever ROM cartridge Is there is active. This infers that
you could switch back and forth between a cartridge and the
disk system. This is NOT necessarily true because of the
need to initialize the disk software In the ROM and this may
destroy what is in memory. It may be possible under special
circumstances to do this but it is up to the user to work it
out.
3) Select either a 2K or a 4K EPROM. This Is set for a 4K
EPROM which is included with The Solution. However, it can
be changed If you have a need. The EPROM Is addressed at
$E000.
4) User definable. This means that we didn't use this
switch for anything, but you can if you want, or we couid call
it 'reserved for future expansion.' this means that we don't
have any use for it now, but we may in the future.
The Solution I/O cards are addressed at either the $FF60-
$FFBF area OR the $FE00-$FEFF area.
These prices and specs are subject to change without
notice. Call for confirmation.
THE SOLUTION $249.00
(Price includes case and power supply.)
CARDS FOR THE SOLUTION
DUAL SERIAL PORT $130.00
Two 6551 ACiAs, programmable baud rates
(110-19,200), full RS-232, DB-25 conn.
CLOCK and PARALLEL PRINTER CARD $1 10.00
OKi clock w/battery backup and 1 parallel output
port
PROTOTYPE Cards $ 37.00
3V2 by 9 inch card
EPROM/RAM Card $ 90.00
Up to 16K ROM (2732) or 8K static RAM (6116).
Each device individually addressed anywhere In
memory
EPROM programmer $165.00
Program 2K, 4K or 8K EPROMS. Software included
either on disk or on board ROM.
TRIPLE PARALLEL I/O Card $105.00
Two 6821 's and one 6522 for parallel I/O.
Note: We are considering several other cards for The Solu-
tion. Please let us know what you want, if there is enough in-
terest, we will make it.
ARE CORDIALLY INVITED TO ATTEND
THE
RAINBOWFEST
APRIL 22-24
WE, AT FRANK HOGG LABORATORY WOULD LIKE TO INVITE YOU
TO VISIT US AT THE UPCOMING RAINBOWFEST, APRIL 22-24 IN
CHICAGO.
THIS IS THE FIRST SHOW EVER, TOTALLY DEVOTED TO THE
COLOR COMPUTER!! IT PROMISES TO BE INFORMATIVE,
EDUCATIONAL, EYE-OPENING AND MOST OF ALL, FUN!!!
ALONG WITH MANY OF THE BIG NAMES IN THE COCO WORLD, WE
WILL BE AVAILABLE TO GIVE YOU THE OPPORTUNITY TO VIEW
OUR SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE, ASK QUESTIONS, MEET THE
PEOPLE YOU'VE BEEN DEALING WITH, AND MORE OR LESS
SATISFY YOUR CURIOSITY.
SO, IF YOU ARE AT ALL INTERESTED IN THE COLOR COMPUTER
AND WHAT IT CAN DO FOR YOU, COME AND SEE US AT THE
RAINBOWFEST!! WE LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING YOU!!
■ FRANK
■ hogg
■ LABORATORY
THE flEGENCYTOWER • SUITE 2 1 5 • 770 JAMES ST. • SYRACUSE, NY 1 3203
PHONE (31 5)474-7856 • TELEX 646740
Software Review
So So y Senor
Buenos dias. Me llamo Barbara. Donde esta un pro-
gramme satisfactorio?
That is what I was asking when I concluded working
through Spanish One, a beginner's program for "learning
elements of the Spanish language," created by the West Bay
Company of White Stone, Virginia.
Its introduction says that by using this program, one can
"quickly ... learn to read and speak Spanish," and that it is
for "beginners or those persons needing to refresh their
memory. " The program offers "100 useful words and 100
useful phrases."
A person using Spanish One should not expect t o "learn"
the Spanish language. He/she will learn some vocabulary
and even some pronunciation. A fairly creative attempt to
imitate through phonetic representation the sound of the
language has been made. However, one must learn else-
where the sophisticated sounds or vocabulary intricacies of
the Spanish language.
Moreover, the vocabulary words chosen for study include
words seldom used in ordinary conversation, such as "ceil-
ing," "handkerchief," "stocking," "jacket," and "box."
Teachers hoping to use this program to supplement
classwork will be dismayed at the number of its inadequa-
cies. First of all, the basic idea of gender (masculine and
feminine endings) is poorly handled. Occasional lack of
information in the questions penalizes the student who
answers "estrecho" for "narrow" if the feminine "estrecha"
was the programmed response. If a score were kept, the
Color
Computer
Flex*
0S-9f
Users
Move
up to
C
Language
"OS 9 is a trademark of Microware
rFLEX is a trademark of Technica.
Systems Consultants. Inc.
DO YOU WANT faster running programs (over 100 times
faster than BASIC) 9 A high level language that is also a low
level language? A compiler that runs in less than 32K?
Assembly language output 9 Position independent code? Ex-
tensive library functions in source assembly code? Periodic
newsletters with new library functions? An aid in learning
assembly language? Liberal version updates?
C IS DESTINED to become the language of the eighties: A
compact, highly versatile, easy to use language, excellent
to use to build games, applications, utilities, operating
systems, etc.
DUGGER'S GROWING SYSTEMS with over 21 years of ex-
perience in computing was first on the market with a 6809
C compiler. The compiler has been extensively tested, re-
vised, and proven
DUGGER'S GROWING SYSTEMS C is a growing subset of
the standard C. Version 1 contains all the necessary C com-
mands (while, if, if else, int, char, etc.). Version 2 contains
additional features (float, long, for, goto, etc.).
AN EXTENSIVE LIBRARY in assembly language source is
provided (char, I/O, formatted print, file handling, string
manipulating, etc.) TRS DOS version also has additional
functions which use the BASIC ROM functions (CLS.
POLCAT, floating point, draw, etc.).
ORDER NOW
(new low prices)
TRS DOS C Version 1.2 (disk version)
Computerware disk assembler
Computerware Scribe (Editor-text formatter)
Order all three and save $10
C Programming Language by
Kernighan & Ritchie (a must)
OS-9 C Version 1.2
Flex 09* C Version 2.3
C.O.D. & Foreign handling add 15%
MasterCard and Visa accepted.
dugger's GROWinGSiswrems
$49.95
49.95
49.95
139.95
17.95
95.00
120.00
Inc.
Post Office Box 305
Solana Beach, California 92075
(619) 755-4373
ultimate score could be devastating.
Sound cues are offered to identify right and wrong
answers, but perhaps the creator should have used Spanish
terminology to applaud or admonish responses, rather than
English.
Another basic part of "mastering" Espanol is keeping
track of articles which precede nouns. Gender does some-
times make a difference for understanding. The handling of
this, too, is inconsistent.
Could West Bay have come up with a way to provide
synonyms alongside the preferred response so that the stu-
dent would not become so discouraged or even angry? If the
response one types in is close, somehow he/she should be
rewarded for that. If "Spanish One "is for beginners, okay,
they won't know any better, maybe. But students "refreshing
their memory of the language" will be quickly alienated.
In addition, the programmer has been careless in the
presentation of verbs. Inconsistencies frustrate the student.
Onetime the subject pronoun is required; at other times, just
the verb is acceptable. And one also "misses" if his/her
English verb for "toma," for example, is "is taking" instead
of "takes." Both are actually acceptable and, out of context,
the student doesn't know which to give.
Other knowledge of Spanish verbs is required (but not
taught here), for example with regard to the verb "to be."
How does the user of this program learn the difference
between "es" and "esta" for "it is'? Or the subtleties of
choosing between familiar or formal verbs?
Another annoyance is the inconsistency in punctuation.
Occasionally abbreviations or statements will be punctu-
ated, but often they are not. And the student must hope
her/ his response is "lucky"enough to be punctuated just so,
or — Bingo — another "wrong" answer.
(The program's notes contain a disclaimer that standard
diacritical marks, such as inverted punctuation marks or the
tilde, cannot be shown on their computer. Some compensa-
tion is made for this in the phonetic spelling.)
As an English teacher with a minor in Spanish, I strongly
object to errors in plain, old grammar. The creator's state-
ment "That is between you and me" translates "El esta entre
usted y yo.""Yo"is the pronoun for"I,"an error which only
serves to perpetuate a common error in our own sloppy use
of English.
There are other ambiguities in the program, but one glar-
ing error is inconsistency in spelling of vocabulary words.
Early on I learned that "corbata" means "tie" only to be
marked wrong later when the required response was
"cobata." This carelessness is inexcusable.
The program has its merits. For starters, one can choose
between English words to be translated into Spanish words
or vice versa. Likewise, one can practice translating phrases
from one language to the other. Repetition is a second plus
as one is randomly called upon to repeat responses so even-
tually they are learned. Also, the program notes describe a
method of extending the time a word is on the screen so one
can "study" it. Finally, the phonetic representation is helpful
in learning pronunciation.
West Bay concludes the notes by touting this is a "good
program. Enjoy!" The program is fairly entertaining and the
price is very reasonable, but the Spanish wouldn't get you
very far in South America. (Translation of opening para-
graph: "Hello. My name is Barbara. Where is a satisfactory
program?) Hasta luego!
(West Bay Company, Route 1, Box 666, White Stone, VA
22578, $8 on tape)
— Barbara Combes
40 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Searching for Service?
It's Here.
Co
i\o«
Co
too
TRS-80
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
13% OFF
Hi
13% LIST PRICE
Mil - -»#♦'<••■ «n f
13%
OFF
LIST PRICE
FEATURING THESE ITEMS:
VERBATIM DISKS $27.95
ELEPHANT DISKS $25.00
WICO COMMAND CONTROL JOYSTICK $29.95
WICO COMMAND CONTROL ADAPTER $19.95
ALSO SOFTWARE BY:
SPECTRAL ASSOCIATES • MARK DATA
PRICKLY PEAR • TOM MIX • ANTECO
TOLL FREE
1-800-251-5008
VISA
. .■.'JJ.j-s.-.'j-Jj-j-Jj-.-J-t.-
J- . J- J- J- J- J- J- J- ■ ■ ■
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\ ■. ■: ■. \ \ ■, ■ ■ ■ f • < * ■ ■ •■ •■
1 r .^^^^^fc, 1
i i
11 ' P '
P. O. BOX 897
GILSVILLE FAMILY CENTER
SMYRNA, TENNESSEE 37167
615-459-2636
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 254-0088
Software Review . . .
Kamikaze Is Good
Arcade/ Adventure Hybrid
Most computer games, in my experience, seem to fall into
two categories. There are the arcade games, which are basi-
cally tests of hand-eye coordination and quick reflexes, and
there are adventure games, which require a bit of thinking,
but frequently become overly long and frustrating to play.
So it's refresh i ng to ru n into that ra re game that doesn't fit
into either mold, Such a game is Kamikaze.
Like an adventure, Kamikaze requires a bit of strategy,
and a good measure of luck. Like an arcade game. Kamikaze
makes good use of CoCo's graphics capabilities to illustrate
the playing field and ihe battles.
As the documentation states— and one should always
begin by reading the documentation, of course — "Kamikaze
is a naval battle game depicting a Midway-type encounter
between American and Japanese forces at the close of
WWII. Player controls the American force of 12 ships and
78 planes and must destroy the Japanese fleet before it and
more than 25 kamikaze squadrons find and destroy him."
The 12 ships are divided among aircraft carriers, battle-
ships, heavy and light cruisers, and destroyers. They vary in
their ability to attack and to withstand enemy fire.
There are several different screens that appear during the
course of the game. The text screens- "Bridge," "Flag,"
"Target," and "Intelligence" — provide the data you will
need during the strategy and the combat. The Map screen
graphically shows your location, and the location of enemy
planes and ships that you will be able to spot using radar,
affl
49 BROOKLAND AVE
AURORA ONTARIO
CANADA LAG 2H6
FAMILY GAMES
For ISK AND 32K COLOR COMPUTER
STOCKBROKER.- Up to 6 players can play the stock
market, For 16K or 32K ECB.The 32K is in High-Res
Grahicst CQLORHIflD- Up to A players challenge for
hiddencolors, CRIBBAGE -For 2 or A players. In
High-Res Graphics'Cfor 32K), CQNCEN -Challenqe the
computer or a friend to a good oY game of
concentrationt REMREM -Challenge your friends*Who
can remember the longest color sequence?
BATTLE-tJill you get bombed before you can find
all the ships? An extremely entertaining game for
the familyi
ALL GAMES ONLY $20,00 OR ANY TWO FOR $35,00
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1 MR.CQFY- A quality copier written in M,L»that
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search planes, and picket boats.
When you spot the enemy — or when the Japanese fleet
sneaks up on you — there are several kinds of battles which
may result.
The most graphic battle is a kamikaze attack, which you
may choose to fight with a joystick or refuse the joystick (in
which case your ship will fire at random on the invading
Japanese dive bombers.)
After playing one game without the joystick — which had
the effect of making me a spectator at the battle rather than a
participant — I found I preferred to do my own shooting. It
may look easy — but you'll be surprised! As author Phil
Keller explains in the instruction sheet, he has programmed
in a "random miss factor." (By the way, the documentation
contains several such insights into the programming of the
game. More on that in a moment.)
Another battle is planes against planes. This one isn't
quite so graphic — just a line-up of yours on one side and
theirs on the other. Shots are fired at random.
If your aircraft are ready — and about half the time they
won't be — when the enemy fleet is in range, then you can
attack their ships with dive bombers and torpedo bombers.
You'll have to place the planes over the battle area in the best
strategic locations.
Unfortunately, the most decisive battle is not graphic at
all. The object of the game is, as noted earlier, the destruc-
tion of the enemy's fleet. When their fleet invades your
space, you will be engaged, like it or not, in a surface battle.
What you see looks something like a news wire: "Carrier
Seminole hit — sinking ... enemy ship hit ... miss ... miss...,"
etc. Your only choice is to stay and fight or try an escape,
which may or may not be successful.
Time of the game is divided into eight "days" with four
turns per day. At the end of that time, you will have one of
five ratings which range from "disastrous defeat" to "deci-
sive victory."
With regard to the documentation, on the whole it seems
well-written, but the game is not easy to master. (That's all to
the good — you won't get bored with it rightaway.) There are
a large number of commands and screens and situations to
learn, and it will take at least three games to really get into it.
In addition to six pages of instructions, Mr. Keller has
included two pages of programming notes. He offers a
couple of tips on strategy, tells where to put in a speed poke
if you want one, and even goes into detail as to how he made
use of the GETand P£/7commands to animate the destruc-
tion of the kamikazes.
The game requires 32K and Extended Basic.
(Ark Royal Games, P.O. Box 14806, Jacksonville, FL
32238, $24.95)
—Neil Edward Parks
Hint
Speed Up Your CoCo
You can double the speed at which CoCo operates with a
simple POKE statement, entered either directly from the
keyboard or within a program. The statement is POKE
65495,0. This will speed up your CPU. You can return the
computer to normal speed again by POKE 65494,0.
Note that you cannot perform any Input/Output
operations, such as saving the program to cassette, when the
speedup is in effect. You may also lose temporary keyboard
control. If this happens, a simple press of the RESET button
will bring things back to normal, too.
42 the RAINBOW April, 1983
PRICKLY- PEAR SOFTWARE
QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COCO & TDP-100
PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K EXTENDED BASIC FOR TAPE, AND 32K DISK UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
Flight
If you'd like to fly a plane then this is what you've been
waiting for. A really good graphics oriented flight simulator
in high resolution. Four difficulty levels let you go from
student level to a difficult instrument-only landing. In front
of you on the screen are your instruments, and above
them are two representations of your plane in relation to
the flight path (top and side views). At the higher levels all
you have to go by are the instruments. Can you put it down
on the runway to hear the synthesized voice from the
tower say "perfect landing"? It's tough! You use your
joystickjust like the control stickon a plane, andtheaction
is realistic indeed. This program was written by a pro-
fessional flyer— a pilot for a major United States air carrier,
and the high standards of professionalism really show.
Just CLOADM and take to the skies!! Requires 32K
extended TAPE is $1 9.95 - DISK is $24.95
A Partial List of Prickly-Pear Programs
Astrology, Gangbusters, Household Helper,
Fantasy Gamer's Package, Viking, Football,
Preread I, II & III, Mathpac I, Tarot, I Ching,
Numerology, The Great Word Game, The 80C
Songbook, Phonics I, Phonics 2, Flight, Las
Vegas Weekend, The 8-Bit Bartender, The
Fantasy Master's Secretary, Monsters& Magic,
Topsy Turvy, Galactic Patrol, Blockade, Sea
Wars, Jungle, Spanish . . .
If you are running a disk system, we suggest that you order
the disk version, because thecassette version will not run
on a disk system without modification or disconnection of
the disk controller. The above disk programs require 32K
RAINBOW
CWTIFICAtKW
MAI
Your Personal check is welcome - no delay. Include
$1 .50 shipping for each program ordered. (Shipping free
on $50.00 or larger orders). Az. residents add 6% sales
tax. Orders shipped within two days.
Viking!
A simulation for 1 to 4 persons. Each begins as a land-
owner, and by farming their land, buying and selling land,
expanding their fishing fleet, building on to their manu-
factory, increasing their population, equiping and training
more soldiers, and regulating their taxes, each player tries
to increase their economic power and rank until one
becomes ruler over all. But beware plagues, rats, raiders,
revolts, bad weather, and other misfortunes which may lie
along the road to success. As you progress, seethe map of
your holdings increase. Playable in 1 to 2 hours, and
different every time, you may have an addiction problem.
$1 9.95 tape — $24.95 disk
Gangbusters
If you ever wanted to try a life of crime, this is your chance.
You will start out as a Punk, but by using brains, and a little
muscle, you can rise to become a Hood, Runner, Bookie,
Torpedo, Fence, Kingpin, or win by becoming Syndicate
Boss. Indulge yourself. Bribe a judge, or the District
Attorney. Pay off the Cops. Take out a contract on another
player, but watch out, they may be after you. Buy trucking
companies, bootleg operations, houses of ill fame, but
remember, if you get caught, you may do some hard time.
Do you have what it takes to take over? This game will keep
you close to your rod, get you thinking about bulletproof
glass in your car, and definitely bring out the worst in you,
but you'll love every minute of it. For 2 to 6 players, takes
about 2 hours to play. Every game is excitingly different.
$19.95 tape — $24.95 disk
Stocked by Quality Dealers, or
Send Order To PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
9822 E. Stella Road
Tucson, Arizona 85730
(602) 886-1505
The Multi-Talented,
Dancing RAIN BUG
By
Dan Downard
(This month 's article by Dan Downard is the first of a
four-part series on our new machine language monitor
being developed by the author.)
What is a monitor? How does an assembler work? What
do they do? These are probably the most confusing issues
that face the beginning computer owner. Everyone talks
about machine language programs, but what are the advan-
tages, and disadvantages, of assembly language programs?
Hopefully, in the next few issues, we will clarify these ques-
tions and give you the necessary tools to write your own
programs. Where should we start? First, let us define some
terms.
Machine Language
The 6809 microprocessor inside the CoCo follows a logi-
cal sequence of operations as it steps through memory.
Program information in memory tells the processor what
step to take next. This information in memory is coded in
sequential order and the processor reads these instructions
and performs the operation requested. Normally, we like to
refer to the bytes of instructions as operational codes, or
op-codes. By learning what op-codes are available and how
to use them we can make the processor input and output
data display information on the screen or interface with
various peripheral devices. Machine language is the only
language the computer can understand. The Extended
Color BASIC ROM in your computer is actually a machine
language program that converts BASIC keywords and
statements in memory to machine codes. This type of pro-
gram is called an Interpreter. Programs that can directly
input machine code into memory are called monitor or
debug programs. These programs are very important tools
for the machine language programmer.
Assembly Language
Motorola developed a set of mnemonic symbols to
represent all of the microprocessor instructions. Instead of
remembering 256 possible numbers representing instruc-
tions, each set of operations is given a mnemonic code and a
structured set of symbols to represent the addressing mode.
These codes are written as a text file representing the sequen-
tial operation of the processor. A program called an
assembler is used to translate this file into machine code.
Why are most of these programs called editor-assemblers 1 .
The editor gives you the proper software to write your text
file and is thereby a natural companion to the assembler.
Programs are also available to convert machine language to
assembly language. These programs are normally referred
to as a dissasembler .
Assembler vs. Machine Code
Essentially, there is no difference between machine lan-
guage and assembly language. Both are designed to serve the
same end purpose. In terms of operating programs, a moni-
tor would be used to modify or "Debug" an existing pro-
gram. An assembler would be used to develop new
programs.
The easiest way to understand machine language pro-
gramming is to try to modify a program to suit your own
needs. After all, you can look through the ads in this issue
and likely find something similar to what you want to
accomplish. What about the programs with listings in the
magazine? How do you input a machine language program
into memory? I find it very tedious to convert all of the
hexadecimal instructions into decimal poke statements.
With a monitor, all you have to do is input the hex numbers
exactly as they appear.
At the same time, why use machine language at all?
What's wrong with Extended Color BASIC? Well, 1 guess
there is no standard answer to that question other than
another question. Will BASIC do everything you want it to
do?
To paraphrase Getting Started With Color BASIC,
machine language programs are very fast and require less
memory than a BASIC program. To give you an example,
did you know that your TRS-80C executes instructions at
the rate of approximately 200,000 per second? Why not take
advantage of it?
44 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Monitors
There are several excellent machine language monitor
programs on the market. Table 1 is a comparison of several
of the more popular offerings. To me, the prerequisites of a
monitor are memory examine/ change, tape loading and
saving of programs, register examine/ change and break-
points. What is a breakpoint? A breakpoint is a method of
interrupting a program during operation to examine regis-
ters, memory, etc. to ensure that the program is operating
properly.
Monitor Program Comparison Chart
Zbug Cbug Colormon Sigmon Humbug
Radio Shack Microworks Tom Mix Datasoft Star-Kits
Size
Rom Pak
1.5K
1K
6K
4K
Relocatable
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Examine/Change
Memory
Hex
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
ASCII
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Octal
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Graphics
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Execute Program
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tape
Load
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Save
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Verify
Yes
No
No
No
No
Mikbug Load/Save
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Breakpoint
Set/Reset
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Display
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Continue After BPoint
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Single Step
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Return To Basic
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Print/Change Registers
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Disassemble
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Assemble
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Search Memory
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Tape Analyzer
No
No
No
No
Yes
Change Baud Rate
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Non-Standard Printer
No
No
No
No
Yes
Printer On/Off
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Pause Listing
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Dumb Terminal
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Remote Terminal
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Change Screen Page
No
Yes
No
No
No
Help Command
No
No
No
No
Yes
Move Memory
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Move Monitor
No
No
No
No
Yes
Checksum
No
No
No
No
Yes
Memory Test
No
No
No
No
Yes
Memory Compare
No
No
No
No
Yes
Fill Memory
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Hex/Dec Convert
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Calculate Mode
Yes
No
No
No
No
April, 1983
the RAINBOW 45
At the same time, breakpoints are used to isolate certain
parts of the program for troubleshooting purposes.
Getting back to the table, one of the terms that may look
unfamiliar is MIKBUG under tape features. MIKBUG was
the original monitor for the 6800 computer written by
Motorola. Tapes in a MIKBUG format were the standard
for many early 6800 computers. This command gives you
the facility of loading programs from tapes made by the
SWTP, EXORCISER, etc. computers. There is a wealth of
software already written, but undiscovered for the TRS-
80C. I would recommend any of these programs depending
on which features you desire. Consult the ads in the maga-
zine for sources of supply. All of these monitors perform the
basic functions as defined above. The only real difference is
in the auxiliary functions.
RAINBUG
In an effort to give you an insight into machine language
programming, we are going to present a complete machine
language monitor in the next four issues of Rainbow. It will
affectionately be called RAIN BUG. The Motorola
ASSIST-09 monitor was used as a guideline as it was readily
available and has features not contained in other monitors
on the market. Features of RAINBUG are as follows:
— Memory Examine/ Change
— Register Examine/ Change
— Postbyte Calculation
— Breakpoints
— Offset Calculation
— Single Step
— Save to Tape
— Load Tape
— Verify Tape
— Expression Calculation
— Disk Memory Examine/ Change
At the same time we hope to explain how to write your
own programs or modify existing programs to suit your own
needs. Since space is limited, reference material will be
necessary. The MC6809-MC6809E Microprocessor Pro-
gramming Manual is available from:
Motorola Semiconductor Products, In.
Literature Distribution Center
P.O. Box 20924
Phoenix, AZ 85036
A request for technical information in the form of a letter
will be sufficient. Motorola will then send you a catalog of
technical information available and an order form.
Memory Examine/Change
Listing 1 contains the assembly source code for the
64K for $99!
We will convert any Radio Shack Color Computer to a full 64K for only
$99.00 plus shipping. (Compare thiswith RS price of $149 + $30 labor
for 32K upgrade.) No matter what board you have — No matter what
ROM you have — Typically 24 hour turn around — Includes hardware
modification toaccessthe entire 64K, with special software and instruc-
tionson useofthe upper32K. Pack your computer well. Includecashiers
check, money order, or personal check (allow 2 weeks for personal
checks) for $104.00 ($99.00 + $5.00 shipping) to PYRAMID. You may
pay also by Mastercharge or return COD. We will treat your computer
tenderly and rush it back to you.
PYRAMID — 527 Hill St. - Santa Monica, CA - 90405 - (2 1 3) 399-2222
memory examine and change routine of RAINBUG. The
formats are as follows:
M (Address) / Initiate memory/ change at (Address).
Address may be an expression.
(Address) / Initiate memory change at (Address). Address
may not be an expression.
/ Memory/ change at address of last memory/ change.
After the present byte is displayed, the following com-
mands can be entered:
(Byte) Replace present byte with new value. This value
may be an expression.
(Space) Print value at next address.
(,) Go to next address without printing value.
(1) Print next address and byte value
(I) Print previous address and byte value.
(Enter) Terminate command.
(')TEXT(') Enter ASCII text.
If the memory is not changed, a question mark will appear
and the next memory will be displayed. All addresses and
memory values are displayed in hexadecimal notation.
Expressions
Address and byte values may be in the form of an expres-
sion. Each expression consists of one or more values separ-
ated by a or " — " operator, meaning addition or subtrac-
tion. For example entering (4000+2000) would give you an
address of $6000. This function is very useful when writing
position independent code, etc.
Summary
Next month, we will begin learning the terminology of
mnemonics and their corresponding op-codes.
Hopefully, there will be enough information for both the
beginner and experienced programmer to make it interest-
ing. At the same time, we will present the initialization
routines and command table for RAIN BUG. I hope we are
not getting ahead of ourselves by including this listing, but
before you can input any machine code into the computer
you have to have a monitor. The part of RAINBUG pres-
ented this month will run if you have the facility of inputting
it into your computer. Once the machine codes are in
memory perform a CSAVEM 4 RAIN BUG] ",&H3000,
&H3I9D,&H3000. (An easier way would be to wait for your
Rainbow on Tape.) After loading, type EXEC and the first
address you wish to examine. If you accidentally exit the
program, an EXEC will get you back.
The listing:
00100 #RAINBUG-PART
1
00110 *DAN DOWNARD
3000
00120
ORB
$3000
3006
00130 CMDBAD
EQU
CMEM2
008C
00140 SKIP2
EQU
sac
A000
00150 POLCAT
EQU
$A000
A002
00160 CHROUT
EQU
$A002
00165 MEMORY
EXAMINE/CHAN6E
3000 17
013C
00170 CMEM
LBSR
CDNUM
3003 FD
3197
00180 CMEMN
STD
ADDR
3006 BE
3197
00190 CMEH2
LDX
ADDR
3009 17
0145
00200
LBSR
0UT2H
300C 86
2D
00210
LDA
i$2D
300E 17
0169
00220
LBSR
OUTCH
3011 17
007F
00230 CNEM4
LBSR
BLDNNB
46
the RAINBOW April, 1983
0R
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♦SLASH-NEXT BYTE
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-1,X
PARALLEL
PRINTER
INTERFACE
FOR THE RADIO SHACK COLOR COMPUTER
* RUN ANY STANDARD PARALLEL PRINTER FROM THE COLOR COMPUTER SERIAL I/O PORT
* WORKS WITH : EPSON MX 70/80/100, NEC PC8023, CENTRONICS, C-itoh, OK I DATA,
SMITH CORONA DAISY WHEEL, RADIO SHACK, OR ANY OTHER PRINTER WITH A
STANDARD PARALLEL INPUT.
* SWITCH SELECTABLE BAUD RATES FROM 300 to 9600
The Color Computer is capable of 9600 Baud — Poke 150,1*
Running at 9600 Baud greatly increases the printing speed of some printers.
* COMPLETE - ALL CABLES AND CONNECTORS INCLUDED
* PRICE : $69 plus $3 for shipping and handling. Michigan residents add 4% sales tax.
BOTEK INSTRUMENTS
4949 HAMPSHIRE
UTICA, MICHIGAN 48087
313-739-2910 Dealer inquiries invited
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 47
307D 26
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NUMBER
3087 17
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308A 35
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PC, A
30F8
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00775 *SET WINDOW VALUE
30F9
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00805 EXPRESSION ANALYZER
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8C
00820 FCB
SKIP2
3104
7F
3199
01340
BLDHXI
CLR
NUMBER
00825 ACCEPT LEADING BLANKS
3107
7F
319A
01350
CLR
NUMBER+1
3095 86
20
00830 BLDNUH LDA
#$20
310A
8D
2C
01360
BLDHEX
BSR
READ
3097 B7
319B
00840 STA
DEL IN
310C
8D
13
01370
BLDHXC
BSR
CNVHEX
309A 34
14
00850 EXP1 PSHS
X,B
310E
26
27
01380
BNE
CNVRTS
309C 8D
66
00860 EXPDLM BSR
BLDHXI
3110
C6
10
01390
LDB
#16
309E 27
1C
00870 BEQ
EXP2
3112
3D
01400
MUL
00875 *SKIP BLANKS
3113
86
04
01410
LDA
#4
30 A0 Bl
319B
00880 CHPA
DELIM
3115
58
01420
BLDSHF
ASLB
30A3 27
F7
00890 BEQ
EXPDLM
3116
79
319A
01430
ROL
NUMBER+1
00895 ♦TEST FOR M.P OR W
3119
79
3199
01440
ROL
NUMBER
30A5 BE
3197
00900 LDX
ADDR
311C
4A
01450
DECA
30A8 81
4D
00910 CMPA
#$4D
311D
26
F6
01460
BNE
BLDSHF
30AA 27
18
00920 BEQ
EXPTDL
3 1 IF
20
14
01470
BRA
CNVOK
30AC BE
3195
00930 LDX
PCNTER
01475
♦ASCII
TO BINARY
30AF 81
50
00940 CMPA
#$50
3121
81
30
01480
CNVHEX
CMPA
#$30
30B1 27
11
00950 BEQ
EXPTDL
3123
25
12
01490
BLO
CNVRTS
30B3 BE
319C
00960 LDX
WINDOW
3125
81
39
01500
CMPA
#$39
30B6 81
57
00970 CMPA
#$57
3127
2F
0A
01510
BLE
CNVGOT
30B8 27
0A
00980 BEQ
EXPTDL
3129
81
41
01520
CMPA
#$41
30BA 35
94
00990 EXPRTN PULS
PC, X, B
312B
25
0A
01530
BLO
CNVRTS
00995 *GET HEX NUMBER
312D
81
46
01540
CMPA
#$46
30BC 8D
4C
01000 EXP2 BSR
BLDHEX
312F
22
06
01550
BHI
CNVRTS
30BE 27
FC
01010 BEQ
EXP2
3131
80
07
01560
SUBA
#7
30C0 20
0C
01020 BRA
EXPCDL
3133
84
0F
01570
CNVGOT
ANDA
#$0F
01025 *STORE AND CHECK DELIMITER
3135
1A
04
01580
CNVOK
ORCC
#4
30C2 AE
84
01030 EXPTDI LDX
3137
39
01590
CNVRTS
RTS
30C4 BF
3199
01040 EXPTDL STX
NUMBER
01595
♦INPUT CHARACTER
30C7 7D
319B
01050 TST
DELIM
3138
8D
34
01600
READ
BSR
INCH
30CA 27
EE
01060 BEQ
EXPRTN
313A
81
03
01610
CMPA
#$03
30CC SD
6A
01070 BSR
READ
313C
27
C3
01620
BEQ
BLDBAD
01075 ♦TEST FOR + OR
313E
39
01630
RTS
30CE BE
3199
01080 EXPCDL LDX
NUMBER
01635
♦OBTAIN NUMBER
30D1 81
2B
01090 CMPA
#$2B
313F
17
FF53
01640
CDNUM
LBSR
BLDNUM
30D3 26
10
01100 BNE
EXPCHM
3142
26
0A
01650
BNE
CDBADN
30D5 8D
26
01110 BSR
EXPTRM
3144
81
2F
01660
CMPA
#$2F
30D7 34
02
01120 PSHS
A
3146
22
06
01670
BHI
CDBADN
30D9 FC
3199
01130 LDD
NUMBER
3148
81
0E
01680
CMPA
#$0E
30DC 30
8B
01140 EXPADD LEAX
D,X
314A
FC
3199
01690
LDD
NUMBER
30DE BF
3199
01150 STX
NUMBER
314D
39
01700
RTS
30E1 35
02
01160 PULS
A
314E
16
FEB5
01710
CDBADN
LBRA
CMDBAD
30E3 20
E9
01170 BRA
EXPCDL
01715
♦OUTPUT BYTE IN HEX
30E5 81
2D
01180 EXPCHM CMPA
#$2D
3151
A6
80
01720
0UT2H
LDA
,Xf
30E7 27
07
01190 BEQ
EXPSUB
3153
34
06
01730
PSHS
D
30E9 81
40
01200 CMPA
#$40
3155
C6
10
01740
LDB
#16
48 the RAINBOW April, 1983
COLORSOFT™ BUSINESS SOFTWARE
AT LAST! BUSINESS SOFTWARE DESIGNED FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
★ MAKE YOUR COLOR COMPUTER A WORKING BUSINESS PARTNER ★
★ ALL PROGRAMS ARE MENU DRIVEN AND USER FRIENDLY ★
★ PROFESSIONALLY WRITTEN AND FULLY TESTED ★
★ AFTER-THE-SALE SUPPORT ★
SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING PACKAGE. ..Ideally suited for any small business with up to $1,000,000 in an-
nual sales and 400 accounts receivable and 400 accounts payable. This package provides detailed record keeping on ac-
counts receivable and payable, sales, purchase orders, and allows input and maintenance of payroll related data.
Prepares balance sheet and income statement, aging reports, and displays a check register, a listing of sales by date, and
a listing of individual purchase orders. Included are printer output options. The step-by-step user's manual and the user
friendly, menu driven format makes this program package fast, efficient, and easy to use.
REQUIRES SINGLE DISK DRIVE (User's manual without program $20) $149.95
DEPRECIATION... Determines depreciation values for assets based upon the new accelerated cost recovery system
(ACRS) and the alternate ACRS methods in addition to the conventional methods. Adjusts for placing assets in service
during the year. Screen or printer output $22.95
LOAN ANALYSIS... Evaluate cost of borrowing for capital investments or business expansion. Prints amortization
schedules and allows user to determine loan status at any point in the term of a loan. Other options allow user to deter-
mine either principle, interest, payment, or term based upon input of any three. An auto loan option includes trade-in
allowance and taxes. Screen or printer output $20.95
A
ANNUITY... Determine future value of investments, present value of a future amount, compound interest, and
amount of an individual retirement account (IRA). Screen or printer output $18.95
EXPENSE ACCOUNT DIARY... Keeps a record of travel expenses for up to 25 trips per year. Performs file searches
based upon cross-referencing of date of trip, city visited, hotel, or purpose of trip. Screen or printer output. An ex-
cellent program for the traveling businessman $15.95.
STOCK ANALYZER... Reviewed in July 1982 RAINBOW. New version provides printer output and is disk compat-
ible. Maintains a stock portfolio data base of multiple stocks. Can be used to track performance of sales personnel or
similar applications. Features graphing of data to screen or printer along with analyses that includes projection of data
trends $21.95.
INCLUDE $2.25 HANDLING PER ORDER
ALL PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K EXT. BASIC
CUSTOM PROGRAMMING SERVICES AVAILABLE
Q0LO R WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
SOFTWARE TELEPHONE ORDERS
(214) 454-3674
SERVICES /j^^^ 9 4 Monday " Saturday
RAINBOW
BUSINESS SOFTWARE DIV.
P.O. BOX 1708, DEPT. R
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401 DEALER INQUIRES INVITED VISA/MASTERCARD
3157
3D
01750
MUL
3158
8D
04
01760
BSR
OUTHX
315A
35
06
01770
PULS
D
315C
84
0F
01780
ANDA
i$0F
315E
8D
90
01790
OUTHX
ADDA
#$90
3160
19
01800
DAA
3161
89
40
01810
ADCA
#$40
3163
19
01820
DAA
3164
20
14
01830
SEND
BRA
OUTCH
01835
^OUTPUT
ADDRESS
3166
8D
E9
01840
OUT4HS
BSR
0UT2H
01845
♦OUTPUT
BYTE
3168
8D
E7
01850
0UT2HS
BSR
0UT2H
01855
♦OUTPUT
SPACE
316A
86
20
01860
SPACE
LDA
#$20
316C
20
0C
01870
BRA
OUTCH
01875
♦KEYBOARD INPUT
316E
34
15
01880
INCH
PSHS
X,B,CC
3170
AD
9F A000
01890
INCH1
JSR
CPOLCAT3
3174
27
FA
01900
BEQ
INCH1
3176
8D
02
01910
BSR
OUTCH
3178
35
95
01920
PULS
X,B,CC,PC
01925
♦OUTPUT
TO SCREEN
317A
34
12
01930
OUTCH
PSHS
A,X
317C
AD
9F A002
01940
JSR
CCHROUT]
3180
35
92
01950
PULS
A,X,PC
01955
♦SEND CR/LF
3182
04
01960
PCRLS
FCB
$04
01965
♦CR/LF AND STRING
NEW FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
GRAFPLOT
HIGH RESOLUTION DATA GRAPHING
GRAFPLOT turns your COLOR COMPUTER into a sophisticated
data plotter, producing professional qua lity graphs of any type
of X-Y data. GRAFPLOT is perfect for personal, business, statis-
tistical, scientific and engineering applications. Includes features
not found in any other COLOR COMPUTER graphing system:
■ 222x174 pixel on-screen data plotting area.
■ Complete on-screen labeling for two Y-axes w/200 data
points per axis leven more points by chaining data filesl.
■ 9 graphing options: 3 symbols w/2 line types or points only.
■ Full function data editing: add, change, delete and sort.
■ Hardcopy w/standard screenprint programs Inot supplied !-
includes interface for Tandy SCRPRT w/instructions for
interfacing other printers and screenprint programs.
■ Unlimited overlays -plot 9 or more data sets per graph.
■ Graphs output to screen, printer, tape or disk.
■ Plots any user-defined function, edit 4 program lines.
■ Built-indata smoothing (moving binomial average).
■ Built-in integration - calculate areas or evaluate integrals of
user-defined functions.
■ Lists data and integrals to screen or printer.
■ Saves completed graphs for instant reloading.
■ Menu-driven w/auto-prompt option for fast throughput.
■ Complete error trapping-GRAFPLOT won t let you make a
mistake, practically impossible to crash.
■ Comprehensive manual w/tutorials and sample data.
GRAFPLOT is available for 16K E.C.B. on cassette l$35l and 32K-
1disk ($45). Easy upgrade to disk for difference in price (disk
version reads and writes tape data filesl. Send check or money
order to: HAWKES RESEARCH SERVICES, 1442 Sixth St.,
Berkeley.CA, 94710. Include $3 S/H on all orders. Manual
available separately for $10+S/H, refundable with purchase
of GRAFPLOT. CA residents add state sales tax .
Dealer inquiries welcome. Quantity discounts available.
3183 30
8C FG
01970
PCRLF
LEAX
PCRLS, PCR
3186 86
0D
01980
PDATA
LDA
#$0D
3188 8D
DA
01990
BSR
SEND
318A 86
0A
02000
LDA
#$0A
02005
♦OUTPUT
STRING
318C 8D
D6
02010
PDTLP
BSR
SEND
318E A6
80
02020
PDATA1
LDA
,X*
3190 81
04
02030
CMPA
#$04
3192 26
F8
02040
BNE
PDTLP
3194 39
02050
RTS
02055
♦VARIABLE STORAGE
3195
02060
PCNTER
RUB
2
3197
Will
02070
ADDR
RMB
2
3199
02080
NUMBER
RMB
2
319B
02090
DELIrl
RMB
1
319C
02100
WINDOW
RMB
2
0000
02110
END
00000 TOTAL ERRORS
Following is the listing accidentally omitted from "Smarts
for a Dumb Terminal. "The listing explains the operation of
the Color Basic ROM routine.
/ B AS I C
ROM SCREEN PRINT
A30A
pquq
X , B, A
SAVE REGS.
A30C
i rvv
LDX
*88
PUT SCRPTR IN X-REQ
A30E
CMPA
#*08
BACKSPACE?
A3 10
BNE
*A31D
GO CHECK FOR CR
A312
CMPX
#*400
BEGINNING OF SCREEN?
A315
BEQ
♦A35D
RETURN IF YES
A317
LDA
#♦60
♦60-SPACE
A319
STA
STORE SPACEScDEC SCRNPTR
A31B
BRA
♦A344
STORE SCRPTRScRETURN
A31D
CMPA
#*0D
CARRIAGE RETURN?
A31F
BNE
♦A32F
GO CHECK FOR SPACE
A321
LDX
*88
PUT SCRPTR IN X-REG
A323
LDA
#♦60
A-SPACE
A325
STA
,X +
STORE* INC X-REG
A327
TFR
X,D
PUT SCRPTR IN X-REG
A329
BIT
#*1F
END OF LINE?
A32B
BNE
♦A323
AGAIN UNTIL DONE
A32D
BRA
♦A344
STORE SCRPTRScRETURN
A32F
CMPA
#♦20
CONTROL CHAR?
A331
BLO
A35D
RETURN IF YES
A333
TSTA
GREATER THAN ^80?
A334
BMI
♦A342
STORE ON SCREEN
A336
CMPA
#*40
NUMBER OR LETTER?
A338
BLO
*A340
BRANCH IF CHAR
A33A
CMPA
#♦60
UPPER OR LOWER?
A33C
BLO
♦A342
IF UPPER PRINT IT
A33E
ANDA
#*DF
MASK BIT 6
A340
EOR
#♦40
CONVERT CHAR
A342
STA
,X +
STRE CHARMNC SCRPTR
A344
STX
♦88
STORE SCRPTR
A346
CMPX
#^5FF
END OF SCREEN
A349
BLS
♦A35D
RETURN IF NOT
A34B
LDX
#♦400
X -REG-START OF SCREEN
A34E
LDD
♦20, X
MOVE CHAR UP
A351
STD
, X++
STORE CHARMNC X-REG
A353
CMPX
#^5E0
LAST LINE?
A356
BLO
A34E
IF LESS DO IT AGAIN
A358
LDB
#♦60
B-REG-SPACE
A35A
JSR
♦A92D
GO TO CLS
A35D
PULS
A,B,X,PC RETURN
A92D
STX
♦88
SAVE SCRPTR
A92F
STB
,X +
STORE CHARMNC X-REG
A931
CMPX
#^5FF
END OF SCREEN?
A934
BLS
A92F
DO IT AGAIN
A936
RTS
RETURN
50 the RAINBOW April, 1983
NOW THERE ARE TWO TOOLKITS FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
The software development tools that let you put even more power into the already
powerful Color Computer. They're full of tools, aids, bells and whistles useful to the BASIC
or MACHINE LANGUAGE programmer, in friendly, easy-to-use software packages.
BOTH TOOLKITS CONTAIN . . .
• light characters on dark background wffh Current Line Highlighting; or normal characters
• Full Screen Editor with Arrow Key controlled cursor; open up space/delete and close up space
• Enabling selective Line Renumber/copy/ move/merge; or normal Extended Basic line editor
• Protect the current BASIC program from being wiped out with a CLOAD, NEW etc.; or from being LISTed
• Restore a protected BASIC program/Append any number of BASIC programs together easily
• Tone on keypress or normal silent keys (Tone modifiable by use of Sound an Command)
• Global Search of command or text strings in BASIC programs with wildcard character and next "."
• 9 Screen Print Delays with keyboard override (for slow, readable LISTings and DISK DIRectories)
• Variable Name List/String-Byte memory usage/Range of FREE MEM/Top of memory address display
• Fast Machine Code to BASIC DATA converter for storing machine code visibly in BASIC
• (C)SAVEM address/Backup Tool (Last file name, start end and execute address)
• Recovery of Lost BASIC programs after NEW, BACKUP, DSKINI, etc.
• Break Key Disable/Enable (Pause keys still available)
• Modified TRON display (IN replaces (LN)
THE FULL TOOLKIT ALSO CONTAINS . . .
□ Merge BASIC with Machine Code routines so machine code is "invisible" and (C)SAVE/(C)LOADable
□ 9 BASIC RUN delays with keyboard override; Single Step(s) mode with current line number display
□ Memory Examine/Modify with HEX/ASCII/DEC/Double Decimal output and HEX/ ASCII input
□ Memory Block Move for relocating machine code programs, DATA blocks, etc.; or the Kit itself
□ Ten User Defined Function Keys accessable with @/number (BASIC Macros/Block storage)
□ Automatic linefeed for printers that don't/double space LISTings; or normal PRINT
□ Delete all spaces (not in PRINT strings, DATA or REMARK lines)
□ ASCII/HEX memory Dumps to screen or printer
□ Delete all REMarks (either REM or ' type)
□ Parallel ECHO of screen output to printer
THESE FEATURES ARE FOUND ON BOTH VERSIONS . . .
— Transparent to the user, Install it and forget it until you need it
— BASIC runs up to one-third faster through the Toolkit (5-10% typical)
— HELP command lists all Kit commands and current Kit address
— Same program works with tape or disk and in 16 or 32K
— Entire system totally removable at any time
— Compatible with other utility programs
— Green/Orange text screen capability
— Easily modifiable command syntax
The Kits are relocatable programs that load any time without bothering your BASIC program or variables or top of
memory address. All tools may be turned on or off at will, including the Kit itself.
The tools are available with simple three or four letter commands entered in the direct mode, with the entire instruction
set viewable through the HELP command. ^.^^
The Colorkit is 5K bytes for $29,95 rainbow The Microkit is 2.5K bytes for $27.95
Available on disk with handy BASIC Kit loader for additional $5 «^tk» Manual available separately for $5
THE GOOD LIFE
$1 6.95 THE DISK COMMANDER
$19.95 DEER HUNT
$15.95
The Classic Game of Life With:
64x64 color symmetrical display
3 Selectable birth and old age colors
15 modifiable pre-programmed
patterns
Save/Load life screens to tape/disk
Speeds from 8 gen/sec to 1 a second
Joystick or arrow key input
Written in user-modifiable BASIC
With machine code LIFE processor
Help screen command list
Tape/Disk compatible
Selectable color sets
Disk File Utility with;
One key vlew/copy/load(m) of flies
Two key kill/rename of flies
Sort directory on name/extension
Pack directory so new files put at end
Directory keyword search of filename
Print DIR with machine code address
Recover killed flies
Arcade shoot-em-up skill game
Aim only for the deer
Avoid hitting people, cars, train
Will not cause tension headache
BASIC/machlne code hybrid
Tape/Disk compatible
ARIZIN
• Y&X axis wraparound
P. O. Box 8825
Scottsdale, AZ 85252
Software Review
CoCo Adds Dimension
Of Fun To Tic Tac Toe
Tic tac toe program? My first thought was, "Why would I
want to buy such a simple program?" Then I saw that this
program was 32K ECB. Wow. . . Why so much memory for
such an easy game? That was one of the first programs I put
into my computer! Curiosity made me to it!
3-D Tic Tac Toe takes almost three minutes to load.
Running the program brought up some nice introductory
graphics in hi-res along with some oscillating sound effects.
(The program runs with the speed-up poke, so if your com-
puter does not work in hi-speed you should eliminate line
one. There does not appear to be any annoyingslowdown in
play if you do have to remove the speed-up.) The next
prompt is the option to play against the CoCo or another
person, after which the 3-D board is generated and
displayed.
I do drawings part-time in my work and have reproduced
the board elsewhere in this review, so that you may see how
the 3-D board is achieved. It's a conventional representation
of a 3-D cube on a two-dimensional paper (or TV screen in
this case) and gives the illusion of 3-D. I know some people
have difficulty visualizing 3-D concepts. If you cannot visu-
alize the playing board and the potential tic tac toes in the
drawing then maybe this game would not be for you! Then
again, it might be just what you need to finally understand
3-D pictures.
It is easy to become disoriented while looking at the
board, though it is well-drawn. Several times I would look
up and see the illusion of the cube being rotated a quarter-
turn to the left and upward. However, this reorientation
does not change the position of the markers nor the playing
strategy since things are still in their relative locations. I just
want to point out this in case you have not worked with
two-dimentional representations of 3-D drawings before.
The graphics are well done in hi-res. The computer moves
take from two to four seconds. Human moves (which gener-
ally take longer) are made through the four arrow keys and
the ENTER tab. According to the author, there are more
than 150 possible ways to get Tic Tac Toe, so games are
generally fast, depending upon the human factor.
Documentation is quite complete and gives anyone the
necessary information to play all options. However, I do feel
the documentation is a little misleading. The programmer
points out: "We averaged about a 50 percent win in the
games we played against CoCo. But then we had a fair idea
of what CoCo was thinking since we told him how to play!
One thing you can be sure of is that CoCo will not miss a
New! For Your
Color Computer
FROG-TREK
(the arcade game)
You may be able to guide your frog through 6 lanes
of rush hour traffic, but that isn *t enough! You
must also cross the river by jumping on logs and
turtles to get Froggie safely to his home on the other
side. But watch out for the snake! And don 't jump
on the industrial waste.
A great M/L game at a great price $14.95. Uses hi-
resolution graphics and requires 16K. Arrows on
keyboard move frog- no joy-sticks required.
Send check or money order for $16.50 (includes
shipping) to:
OELRICH PUBLICATIONS
4040 N. Nashville
Chicago, IL 60634
CALL TOLL FREE TO ORDER
800-621-0105
MASTERCARD AND VISA ACCEPTED
52 the RAINBOW April, 1983
0
BASF-DPS
WORLD STANDARD TAPE
■
i
■
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
■
i
i
i
i
CASSETTE STORAGE CADDY
1 ORGANIZE
YOUR TAPES!
$2 95 EACH
STACKABLE
COMPUTER GRADE BLANK CASSETTES
PREMIUM 5-SCREW SHELL WITH LEADER FITS ALL STANDARD RECORDERS
PREFERRED 8Y SOFTWARE PRODUCERS, SCHOOLS AND BUSINESSES NATIONWIDE
« R £?«T«OUT YORK 10 CASSETTES.'
USERS SAY AB" on 100% of
•,, s nice .o have ^.fi**^**
nCCT moW BUY inc "
-youvetriedJ^^
/ C-05, C-10, C-20
FINEST QUALITY
PHILIPS jNOHELCO)
TYPE HARD BOXES
TRACTOR FEED
DIE-CUT BLANK
CASSETTE LABELS
HANDY
INDEX CARD
y OFFER-'
TES AND 1 CADDY
ORDER 4 DDI. CASSETUS WD
J CADDIES - en 2 f WE
ORDER NOIrV
Mail To . . .
Call: 213/710-1430
FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT
on Credit Card Orders.
VORK lO "Computer ware
24573 Kittridge St., #R Canoga Park, CA 91307
ITEM
1 DOZEN 2 DOZEN
I TOTAL
C-05
□ 7.50 □ 13.50
C-10
□ 8.00 □ 14.40
C-20
□ 10.00 □ 18.00
Hard Box
□ 2.50 □ 4.00
Storage Caddy @ $2.95 ea.: Quantity:
FREE: Quantity:^
Blank labels
□ 4.00/100 □ 30.00/100Q
SUB TOTAL
Calif, residents add 6% sales tax
Shipping/handling 1 doz. $2; 2 doz. $3.50;
3 doz. $4.50; each additional doz. $.50.
For Parcel Post instead of UPS $1 additional
Outside Continental USA, $2 additional
TOTAL
Each cassette includes two YORK 10 labels only. Boxes are sold separately.
Shipments are by U.P.S. unless Parcel Post requested. Boxes, caddies, and
blank labels are free of shipping charges when ordered with cassettes. When
ordered without cassettes, shipping charges: Boxes— $1 00/doz., Caddies
$1.00 each. MINIMUM SHIPPING/HANDLING ON ANY ORDER— $2.00.
Check or M.O. Charge to
enclosed □ Credit Card: □ VISA □ MASTERCARD
Card No.
Exp.
Name
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Computer make & mo del
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□ CHECK HERE FOR QUANTITY DISCOUNTS PRICE LIST
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block or a chance to win ... an exciting game and challenging
... a real teaser ... just when you think you have won, CoCo
beats you to it."
After reading the documentation I was all prepared to
play a 'difficult' game of 3-D Tic Tac Toe. To my disap-
pointment, I won the first game in four moves, then the
second game, the third ... until I had won 15 games to the
computer's one! Not all games were simple four-move wins,
as the loser of the previousgame starts the next game. I don't
think I would have been so disappointed had I not read the
documentation first. After all, I remember the regulargame
as being easy.
Another observation I made — or think I made — is that
the computer did not always catch the blocks! So, I tried
various combinations and could continuously make CoCo
miss a block. Then, in all fairness, I thought maybe I had
overlooked something or had received an earlier version of
the game and decided to call the author. Both of my disturb-
ing observations were put to rest.
First of all, I want to make it clear that the computerdom
in fact catch all blocks. I was too quick to notice the most
obvious block CoCo had apparently missed when in reality I
had at least doublechallenged CoCo and CoCo had decided
to take a different block than the one I had my eyes on. I had
looked at the program and thought, "Gee, with all these
IF/ THEN statements in here, there could easily be a bug or
logic statement missing somewhere. (There are over 300
■ CARRY "
>rl rvM f-vs f'YS r-v^l r-v^i f^cl
+
1
o
-V.
■1
1
5 2 8
Q O 5
•w* "w*
REGROUP I NG
Requires 16K Extended Basic
*TRS-80 Color Computer
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WRITE FOR FREE DESCRIPTIVE BROCHURE
DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME
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Hi.
1024 Bainbridge PI. Columbus, OH 43228
(614) 276-2752
IF I THEN statements to check computer moves/ wins and
human moves/ wins, etc. I didn't count them ... I took the
author's word for it! He tried data arrays and other
methods, but they took much longer for CoCo to react than
the way the program is currently set up.)
Concerning the misleading documentation suggesting a
"challenging" game, I would like to point out the program
was apparently written with younger people in mind, prob-
ably in the range of 5-12. This is the general age group I
thought suitable for this program prior to talking with the
author. In fact, he said most of his software is aimed at
younger people. I think the documentation should reflect
this a little more.
For the price, 3-D Tic Tac Toe has a lot going for it. If you
don't have a game like this, it would be a great way to
introduce or to build upon 3-D concepts for members of the
family. It also makes an adult think a little more. It has good
graphics. My older kids will soon be six and nine and they
seemed to enjoy the game! The six-year-old could even beat
the computer and understand that one mark on each level
directly above meant a tic-tac-toe, although the three-level
diagonals were harder to understand. Welcomed excitement
rang throughout when he was able to beat CoCo!
There are a couple of things lacking in this program that
would increase its usability and enjoyment. After a game is
won, the screen is immediately erased and set up for a new
game. There should be either a timer or a prompt included to
allow the player(s) time to see where the tic tac toe was! This
change in the program would be most beneficial in helping
understand 3-D. That feature and the two suggestions fol-
lowing could be written in by most consumers I think.
However, you may have to delete some REM statements or
remove excess spaces throughout the program to get all the
changes put in, as it's already almost 32K in length. The
other two suggestions have to do with the two-player option.
All movements are made using the four arrow keys. When
two players engage in this game, it becomes confusing! One
person must use the ENTER to place his marker, while the
other uses the CLEAR. Since ENTER is the most com-
monly used key on the keyboard, it is very natural and easy
for one of the persons to accidently hit ENTER when he
wanted to hit CLEAR. Needless to say, that game is ruined!
It's also annoying for two people to keep shuffling around
the keyboard. If the game has to be played from the key-
board it would have been nice to designate pushing "0"for
circles and "X" or X's. I would suggest incorporating the
joysticks and fire button for two-player response (maybe
even for one player).
One last comment about the two-player option is that one
person can monopolize the play. There is no check or indica-
tion for whom is to play. One human assumes the role of
CoCo on the screen's scoreboard, and a person can continue
to move and mark the board until he wins without the other
person ever having a chance to play! The only check the
computer does do is make sure you cannot change a marker
already in place. It signals you that you cannot make that
move.
In general, the program is easy to play, is good for
younger children, and has potential. An interesting version
of an old game.
(Q Soft, 1006 Robinhood Dr., Painesville, OH 44077, $14.95
tape, $19.95 disk)
— Kenneth D. Peters
54 the RAINBOW April, 1983
TH€
PfiOGflflfTl /TDft€
Color Computer Collection
I pftOGRflm nrm
SCEPTER OF KZIRGLA
From Rainbow Connection Software
Real-time graphics adventure game with arcade sound for
the color computer. 13 floors of dungeon with monsters,
treasure chests, hidden trap doors . . . even a flying magic
carpet! All in your quest to find the Scepter of Kzirgla,
Whatever you do, don't get caught in the poisonous gas
cloud! Extended BASIC required.
16KTape, $16.95,
16K Disk, $21.95
CONQUEST
OF KZIRGLA
The adventure continues, seek out and destroy the enemy
wizard before his sceptor recharges. While a continuation
of Sceptor of Kzirgla, you don't have to have the earlier
program to play Conquest.
16K Tape $21.95 or
32K Disk $26.95
KEYS OF
THE WIZARD
by John Gabbard
From Spectral Associates
Unlock all the doors! Smart creatures follow you through-
out hundreds of rooms filled with glittering treasures,
magic spells, traps, tricks and puzzles. This exciting ma-
chine language text adventure has great sound. Three skill
levels allow you to learn easily and work up to expert.
Cassette save with random features so you never play the
same game twice!
16K Tape $19.95
DONKEY
KING
From Tom Mix
How high can you climb? Use the practice game to test
your skills. Become an expert at this arcade-style game
filled with exciting sound and realistic action. For 1 or 2
players. There are 4 screens: barrels, pins, jacks and con-
veyors. Reach the hammer if you're fast and strong.
32K Tape $26.95
MOON
SHUTTLE
FromDataSoft
Pilot your moon shuttle to meet your destiny — The Prince
of Darkness. Out maneuver spinning rockets, dodge life
threatening man-o-wars, meteors, bomb launchers and
expandos. Suddenly your flight becomes more perilous as
enemy forces multiply. Test the outer limits of your instinct
for survival!
16K Tape $34.95
ZAXXON
From DataSoft
The official Zaxxon, now for home use, combines 3 dimen-
sional effects, unique color graphics and realistic sound
effects. Arcade action while you maneuver your ship
through a battlefield of enemy missiles, tanks and planes
to meet your match in the deadly Zaxxon Robot armed with
a lethal homing device.
16K Tape $39.95
PLANET
INVASION
From Spectral Associates
Be a defender! Your ships are fortified with smart bombs to
protect the planet from aliens. Machine-language arcade
style game with fast action and superior Hi-Res graphics.
What will be the fate of civilization when you are in control?
Joystick required.
16K Tape $21.95
Bookshelf
ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE
GRAPHICS
by Don Inman and Kurt Inman
From Reston Books
Improve your skills! Create graphical data displays after
reading these revealing applications using sound and
graphics to show you what can be done with an assembler.
A complete guidebook to assembly language program-
ming on the Color Computer.
$14.95
Over 2500 Programs for TRS-80,
For Information Call
202-363-9797
Visit our other stores:
829 Bethel Rd., Columbus OH
Seven Corners Center, Falls Church, VA
W. Bell Plaza, 6600 Security Blvd., Baltimore, MD
White Flint Mall, Rockville Pike, Rockville, Md.
Coming Soon to Boston. Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.
Programmer's
Corner
BASIC AID
From Eigen
Help for the BASIC programmer! Merge command, move
command and automatic numbering plus 45 common
BASIC commands — or change keys to your specifica-
tions. Comes with convenient easy to use plastic keyboard
overlay. Power up and you instantly have all the develop-
ment tools you need.
ROM $34.95
TELEWRITER 64
From Cognitec
Now word processing at its best! This machine language
program uses Hi-Res graphics to draw text. It includes
advanced features to create, edit, store, format and print
any kind of text with justification, hyphenation and page
numbering. Creates a new character set (no hardware
modifications required) that has true lowercase letters in 3
display formats 51/64/85 columns x 24 lines. The full
screen editor is simple to use with single key commands,
menu driven I/O and formatting. Comes with well written
documentation and runs on 16K, 32K, or 64K with or with-
out extended basic. Telewriter surpasses other word proc-
essors for user friendliness and power.
Tape $49.95 or
Disk $59.95
TYPING
TEACHER
by Bob Sleath
From Spectral Associates
Do you hunt and peck? For beginners or rusty typists,
become proficient in touch typing at your own pace. In-
structional program has 15 lessons stressing eye-finger
coordination, accuracy and speed. The last lesson points
out errors so you know which characters you miss.
Smooth, free-flowing typing is simple with this tutorial.
16K Tape $19.95
BREAKTHRU
From Avalon Hill
Futuristic racquetball! Knock out five walls at the opposite
end of the court using joystick to strike or deflect the lively
ball. Fast action, 3 dimensional, high resolution machine
language, arcade game. Exciting simulation of motionand
perspective.
16K Tape $19.95
ATARI 400/800, APPLE, IBM &
THGfX I \l
PROGRflm /TDM
To Order Call Toil-Free
800-424-2738
MAIL ORDERS: Send check or M.O. for total pur-
chase price, plus $2.00 postage & handling. DC, MD: &
VA.: add sales tax. Charge cards: Include all embossed in-
formation.
© 1983 The Program Store, Inc.
THE PROGRAM STORE • Dept. 24-03-3 ■ Box 9582 • 4200 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W. • Washington, D.C. 20016
1
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CoCo COUNSEL
Legal Discussions
On The Color Computer
By Tom Nelson
(The information given in this article is not legal advice. If
you have legal questions you should see competent legal
counsel.)
This month begins a series of columns which will try to
answer some of the most-asked questions from software
authors, marketers and consumers. It is a wide open forum,
and I hope you will feel free to suggest further topics which
you would like toseeaddressed. By the way,f orthose of you
able to attend, I will be giving a short seminar at the upcom-
ing RainbowFest in Chicago on the topic of "How to
Market Your Software — And Keep Your Shirt." I hope to
see you there.
This first column will not be a discursion into some arcane
area of the law. Instead, because some of you may really be
in need of some basic legal i nf ormation about your software
immediately, I thought I'd review a brand new book about
legal protection for your software entitled "Legal Care for
Your Software: A Step-by-Step Guide for Computer Soft-
ware Writers," first published in 1982. It was written by
Daniel Remer, an attorney, is sold by Addison- Wesley Pub-
lishing Company, Inc., and costs $19.95 in paperback.
Instead of giving you a summary of the contents of Mr.
Remer's book, I intend to whetyour appetite by setting out
an outline of the general contents of the book.
I highly recommend this book to anyone considering
marketing software, from author to manufacturer. Mr.
Remer, in the span of about 150 pages, presents most of the
concepts necessary for you to understand what you mustdo
to protect your software. This book is not legalese. It is
practical advice. Instead of telling you what such and such a
court said about some intricate legal doctrine, Mr. Remer
tells you how to avoid future legal troubles by taking precau-
tions in advance. This doesn't mean, however, that the book
is not comprehensive. It is, where it has to be, and Mr.
Remer freely cautions the reader when he or she must con-
sult an attorney, such as when a trademark question arises.
After an overview of the need for legal protection and
what is available, the author discusses how to practically
obtain and maintain trade secret and copyright protection,
currently the two main methods of protecting your software.
Anything related to a business can be a trade secret, even if
others have independently developed it. Thus, marketing
strategies as well as source code can have tradesecretprotec-
tion. What you want to do is be able to protect these trade
secrets from others, the purpose of trade secret law. The
notion of copyrights should be familiar to us all, although
the finer points are not common knowledge. Mr. Remer
makes both these concepts more concrete. He also points
out the present problems of trying to use patents to protect
your software and the need to obtain trademark protection
for your program name and company logo.
The guts of the work, and that which many of you will find
most helpful, is the discussion of contracts. Contracts are
the vehicle for all our financial transactions, especially those
dealing with our "intellectual property." Mr. Remer has
sought to provide the software author and manufacturer
with all the necessary contract concepts, including hints on
how to negotiate good contracts. What's more, he has pro-
vided sample forms forall of these contracts at the end of the
book which you can just tear out and use, modified as
needed. He stresses the need for written agreements to avoid
future disagreements over terms, and to guide our relation-
ships with people we often never meet face to face. I must
applaud Mr. Remer's ability to explain these sometimes
complicated concepts with ease so that anyone should be
able to understand them.
The book introduces you to the concepts of most of the
kinds of contracts essential for the sale or development of
software. He first discusses work-for-hire agreements which
are used to contract with programmers, in~house or not, to
write software and allow the software house to retain the
copyright. He then discusses agreements to be used to assign
your copyright to firms, and license agreements when you
don't want to sell the copyright, but only wish to give a
company the right to market the software and pay your
royalties. He discusses the pros and cons of these two types
of agreements, and things to watch out for. For the manu-
facturer, he also provides information on how to create test
site agreements for outside, independent, pre-marketing
testing of the software, and information on how to correctly
limit liability for defective software. His discussions
of thesetwo types of contractual arrangements are excellent
and alone are easily worth the price of the book. Finally, Mr.
Remer discusses remedies available when the contract has
gonesour, and just as important, practical ways to approach
legal problems. I particularly appreciated his comment that
most legal disputes can be resolved with a bottle of wine and
an apology.
It is obvious that Mr. Remer has had extensive experience
in the software field. His practical tips alone are well worth
the price of the book. The tear out forms, however, are what
many of the readers will find most valuable. As I mentioned,
he includes examples of all the contracts he discussed,
including a trade secret agreement and non-disclosure
agreement to keep those valuable company secrets, from
source code to marketing strategy, secret; an assignment of
copyright agreement for those wishing to sell their program
to a manufacturer; a work-for-hire agreement for manu-
facturers to use when hiring staff or outside programmers; a
test site agreement; a license agreement; and a sample dis-
claimer of warranty. Each of these documents is fully
explained in the chapter dealing with the topic, and many
alternative clauses are offered to suit varying needs.
The book does, in my opinion, have a few deficiencies.
The first relates to different philosophies between me and
Mr. Remer about the advisability of people doing their own
56 theRAINBOW April, 1983
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legal work. Mr. Remer feels that if you read the book and
understand the concepts you should be able to use his forms
with great success without the aid of an attorney. In general,
I disagree.
Although Mr. Remer has done a great job of outlining the
basicconceptsof contractand intellectual property law, this
book does not make anyone an expert. These laws contain
many traps for the unwary, especially trademark law.
Further, contract law and trade secret law, though similar in
most states, is still governed, to a large extent, by the laws of
each state. Each state may have some special requirements
which may have to be included in a contract, or followed in
trade secret protection procedures, and the forms provided
in the book cannot hope to deal with such local
idiosyncracies.
The forms provided in the book are not necessarily com-
plete. In reviewing the forms, I noticed the lack of several
clauses which I consider standard for any contract. M oreover,
these forms only cover the usual things put in a contract.
Which one of us is willing to admit that he or she is usual?
Rarely is a contract so simple that there is not some special
set of clauses which must be included, especially relating to
payment terms. Care must be taken to make sure the clauses
are written in an airtight manner, and are fully consistent
with other parts of the agreement. You will never be sure
that you have done it right yourself because, really, you
don't have the training.
Besides, refusing to hire an attorney is a bad form of
gambling. Your software may be the greatest thing since
Pac-Man, and worth millions, or it may be a giant flop, or
somewhere in between. Unfortunately, it is impossible to
know the end worth of your program when you want to
present it for marketing. When such money is at stake, it is
unwise to venture forth into untested waters of contract law.
Why gamble with such an important agreement? Remember,
too, that if you commit malpractice with your contract you
can't sue yourself, but attorneys are insured to cover such
unfortunate, and quite rare, occurrences.
It does not cost that much to consult an attorney on a
contract, especially if you have read this book and are
familiar with the general clauses, or even have drawn up a
prototype contract. The more you have done, the less your
attorney has to do, and so the lower the bill. Your attorney
will like it too. Contrary to popular belief, most lawyers find
it a real joy to have a client who has an understanding of the
basic concepts of the law and of his or her problems. Of
course, you want to find an attorney who knows a byte from
a bit and who has done this sort of thing before. Intellectual
property law is a specialty, and if you are paying for exper-
tise you should find someone worth the money.
This advice applies to software houses, too, but I doubt
many need the advice, since there are so many other things
one needs an attorney for when starting a business. Such
things as incorporation or business!" ormation, tax consider-
ations, basic contracts and the like confront the software
house from day one.
A second problem with this book is that, although it is
rich in legal practical advice, it really lacks information
about the software market. If Mr. Remer had spent some
time to research the market to inform the reader about the
common practices, prices, royalties and contracts used by
software nouses, big and small, it would be a great help to
the software writer in need of a market. This absence of
information is somewhat understandable since, as of yet, the
SOUTHERN SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
SERIOUS SOFTWARE FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
Presenting... THE GRAPH ZAPPER and THE BAR ZAPPER
Line Graphs and Bar Graphs f orthe Color Computer
THE GRAPH ZAPPER plots line graphs of data and equations - multiple lines with different symbols - mix equations and data on the same graph -
plots lines or points - "The Graph Zapper is one of the most completely documented pieces of software we have seen . . . The Graph Tapper is an
outstanding utility and can be a major tool in statistical, business and other uses where graphic representation of numbers is desirable." The
Rainbow, Dec. 1982.
• THE BAR ZAPPER creates bar graphs with multiple bars - plenty of options - shaded or light bars - positive and negative bars - a great companion
to THE GRAPH ZAPPER — same high quality documentation.
• Endless applications - electric consumption, stock prices, math class equations, children's height and weight, data analysis, trend indication, ex-
perimental results, statistical analysis.
Both ZAPPERS Have All These Features:
• High resolution graphs with on screen numbers & labels, • User friendly, easyto understand,
with or without grids. • Thorough error prevention.
• Sophisticated data editormakes changing data simple. • Save data for later graphing or editing.
• Disk version has added features including storing • Low cost upgrade from tape to disk.
completed graphs on disk and menu driven file loading. • Hard copies possible with common screen print programs -
• Detailed user'sguides for all features. not supplied.
• 14 day money back guarantee. • Low resolution graphs can't compare.
• Requires Ext. Color Basic and delivered on cassette.
$15.95 $19.95
for 16K tape versions for 32K disk versions
add $1.00 for shipping . . . send check or money order
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Florida residents add 5% sales tax
SOUTHERN SOFTWARE SYSTEMS j£™
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58 the RAINBOW April, 1983
software market is still a hit-and-miss proposition, with
neither software house nor author sure what is appropriate.
There does not yet appear to be any standard contract in the
software market like there are in the music and entertain-
ment industries. I plan in a later article to discuss the market
forces from the perspective of Nelson Software Systems to
atleastgivesome idea of how onesoftware house copes with
the market.
One final failing of the book involves a suggestion for an
additional chapter. Although Mr. Remer has dealt well with
the types of contracts he considers essential to the software
author, he has missed two universally used contracts, the
software submission agreement and the option agreement.
A software submission agreement is used by many compa-
nies, including Nelson Software Systems, to protect itself
and the author submitting software from future misunder-
standings. It sets out the conditions under which the soft-
ware house will agree to look at the software. This is neces-
sary so that problems don't arise in the future such as a claim
that a software house stole a program. It also helps clarify
the terms under which the software will be reviewed so that
the author can be sure that the software house is reputable.
Nothing scares a software house more than receiving a
naked copy of someone's source code for evaluation before a
submission agreement has been signed. Protect your soft-
ware by all means, but don't just send it to prospective
marketers without first asking for a submission agreement.
An option agreement is a special form of contract in
which the software house buys the irrevocable right to
decide whether or not to market the submitted softwarefora
limited amount of time, for example 60 days. Such an
agreement allows the software house to feel free to devote
complete attention to the submission with the knowledge
that it has the sole right to market the program if it exercises
its option within the given time. The option is irrevocable
and, if the software house exercises it, the contract is final, so
care must be exercised by the author. On the other hand,
option agreements are also good for the software author.
The author knows that the software house will take a hard
look at the software, and that he or she will have an answer
from the software house within the same amount of time, so
that the submitted software does not languish in some file
months with no response.
I feel that an understanding of these two types of agree-
ments is essential to the software author and the software
house seeking programs from outside sources. Therefore,
both of these agreements will be discussed more in a later
column. Perhaps Mr. Remer will also include a discussion of
these in the next edition of his already good book.
I'm sure that you will find this book a gold mine of
information which will help you become a success, and help
you protect yourself at the same time. You certainly will be
better educated and, unlike other books, you will be back
many times for more information.
Next month, I will discuss some basic concepts about
marketing your programs, including how to time your sub-
mission, and how to decide what kind of program to
develop. Until then, good luck with your endeavors.
Tom Nelson is a Special Assistant Attorney General for the State of
Minnesota representing various state agencies, and a consultant to Nelson
Software Systems. Although Tom was trained in Chinese, he turned to law,
and then to the computer. In his association with NelsonSoftwareSystems
he has written almost all of the manuals for the programs in the Super
"Color" Library. He does all his writing on a Color Computer, using— what
else?— the Super "Color" Writer II version 3.0.
the RAINBOW'S
SIMULATION CONTEST
Write a simulation program in the Rainbow's Simulation Contest. You will have the chance to
win valuable prizes and to share your simulation with thousands of Color Computer, TDP-100
and Dragon-32 owners worldwide.
Your simulation can be about any subject— and can be either graphic or non-graphic. See
examples of simulation programs printed in the Rainbow.
A few of the prizes already offered . . .
A New Epson FX-80 Printer JARB Software
4K Buffer
Connecting Cables Value $870
Hardware Worth $150 Spectrum Projects
Software Worth $75 Tom Mix Software
Software Worth $75 Computer Island
Any Program Custom Software Engineering
RULES: All programs must beoriginal works, no "conversions." Entries must be postmarked by July 30 and becomethe property of Falsoft, Inc.
publisher of ff?e Rainbow. Decision of the judges is final. Duplicate prizes will be awarded in the case of ties. Winning programs to be featured in a
special Rainbow Simulation issue. Mark entries "Simulation Contest Editor" and send to the Rainbow, P.O. Box 209, Prospect, KY 40059.
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 59
Shortly after I got my Color Compu-
ter, I decided to convert a few programs
to run on it. Iowa Lemonade is the most
ambitious of my conversions. The idea
and logic have been around for quite a
while and one of the other computer
manufacturers sends (or used to send) a
version out on a demo disk with their
disk drives. It was kind of cute, so I
decided to develop one for the CoCo.
Since a 16K cassette system was top of
the line from Radio Shack at the time I
started, the program is designed to fit in
16K Extended Color BASIC.
The graphics are all low-resolution.
They are produced with the STRINGS
statement or by concatenating CHR$
together to make strings that are
PRINTed at the proper screen loca-
tions. The only exception is the lightn-
ing (lines 35 1 -362) which is POKEdinto
screen locations read from DATA
statements (in lines 365-366).
The POKEs in lines 367 and 372 take
care of inverse video blanks and punc-
tuation marks. I discovered (and have
since read elsewhere) that there is a dis-
tinct visual difference between the black
character that character code 32 produ-
ces and the black characters that char-
acter codes 128, 144, 160, 176, 192,208,
224, and 240 produce. I also found that
the only way to produce a character in
the lower right corner of the display
(PRINT* location 511) without having
the screen scroll is to POKEthe approp-
riate value into memory location 1535.
In a 16K Color Computer, you must
PCLEAR1 before CLOADing or typ-
ing in the program, or you will run out
of memory. I'm sorry for some of the
lapses in programming style — some of
the NEXTs with variable names, some
without — some lines with lots of spaces
to make them easier to read, a few with-
out. 1 did try to leave enough comments
so you get an idea of what's going on,
and the PLA Kstrings all have longvar-
iable names so you know what they are.
If you want to save a bit of memory,
there are over 700 spaces that can be
taken out, lots of REM-arks, and the
variable names beyond two characters
can be shortened.
I produced the whole thing on my
black-and-white TV. Having since seen
it on a color set, I think it turned out
pretty well.
60
the RAINBOW April, 1983
The game itself? The computer does the bookkeeping
while you and up to 29 friends (or classmates) run your own
lemonade stand. It also takes care of the weather and a few
other items. Each day, each player has to decide how many
glasses of lemonade to make, how many signs to make to
advertise, and what the selling price will be for that day. The
sole goal is to be efficient at making money. It helps to keep
records so you can see what has worked best for you. You
can resume a game later, but you have to know what day
number it was and how much money players had when they
stopped (even though the computer may not allow it all).
The gameends when someoneearnsan agreed uponamount
or on an agreed upon day.
Editor's Note: Simulation contest entrants should note that
a computer simulation can be created for most anything,
from a nuclear power plant to. ..well, a lemonade stand.)
35
02F5
60
07A4
100
0CC7
145
11FB
186
15D2
227
1986
270
1DB8
315
2197
353
258E
END
2947
The listing:
0 7 iowa lemonade
1 CLEAR 450
2 iowasong*="T3; pi ; 03; L16. ; G; A; B
;04;L2;c;03;L8; a;L2;g;P8;04;L2;g
;l8;e;l2;g;p8;l8. ;e;L8;g;L8. ;e;l
8;G;L2;d;P8;L8. ;e;L8;g;L8. ;e;L8;
g;L2;d;pi"
3 9 INTRO
4 CLS0
5 FOR 1=1 TO 3
6 FOR J=l TO 13
7 READ CH
8 IA*<I)=IA*<I)+CHR*<CH>
9 NEXT J, I
10 FOR 1=1 TO 3
11 FOR J=l TO 28
12 READ CH
13 LE*<I)=LE*<I)+CHR*<CH>
14 NEXT J, I
15 RESTORE
16 FOR LO=480 TO -96 STEP -32
17 CLS0
18 SOUND 204, 1
19 IF L0=-32 THEN 24
20 IF L0=-64 THEN 26
21 IF L0=-96 THEN 29
22 PRINT6L0+9, IA*<1>;
23 IF LO=480 THEN GOSUB 45: NEXT
24 PRINT6L0+41, IA*<2>;
25 IF L0=448 THEN GOSUB 45: NEXT
26 PR I NT6L0+73 , I A* ( 3 ) ;
27 IF L0=416 THEN GOSUB 45: NEXT
28 IF L0=384 THEN GOSUB 45: NEXT
29 PRINT6LO+130, LE* ( 1 ) ;
30 IF L0=352 THEN GOSUB 45: NEXT
31 PRINT6L0+162, LE*<2>;
32 IF LO=320 THEN GOSUB 45: NEXT
33 PRINT6L0+194, LE*<3>;
34 IF L0=128 THEN PLAY IOWASONG*
35 NEXT
36 FOR DE=1 TO 900: NEXT: GOTO 4
6
37 ' CHR* CODES FOR IOWA
38 DATA 157,152,149,156,157,128,
, 154, 149, 156, 157
, 128, 149, 128, 149, 128,
, 154, 149, 147, 151
, 146, 149, 147, 151, 128,
, 154, 149, 128, 149
CODES FOR LEMONADE
, 128, 128, 149, 156, 156,
, 156, 154, 149, 156, 157,
, 154, 149, 156, 157, 128,
, 149, 156, 156
, 128, 128, 149, 146, 128,
, 128, 154, 149, 128, 149,
, 154, 149, 147, 151, 128,
, 149, 146, 128
, 147, 146, 149, 147, 147,
, 128, 154, 149, 147, 151,
, 154, 149, 128, 149, 128,
, 149, 147, 147
TO 250: CLS0: RETURN
46 DIM A(30) ,L(30) ,H(30) ,B(30) ,
S(30) ,P(30) ,G(30)
47 P9=10
48 S3=. 15
49 S2=30
50 A2=2.00
51 C9=.5
52 C2=l
53 ' DEF MUSIC
54 MONEYSONG$= " T3 ; 03 ; L8 ; G ; F ; G ; F ;
L4;e;C"
55 sunsong*="T4; 03; L4; B-; G; D; E-;
g;b-;L2. ;04;d-;c;pi;P2"
56 hotsong*="T3; 04; L4; E; c; Li ; e; l
8;e;P8;L8. ;D;L16;C;L8. ;d;li6;e;l
4;c;03;L2; a;L2. ;e;pi"
57 cloudsong*= "T3; 04;L8; D; c+; L4;
d;c;c;03;L8;b;L2. ; b;pi;P2"
58 rainsong*="T2;03;L4;a;L8. ;a;l
16; a;L8.b-;li6; a;L8. ;G;L16;F;L4.
; A"
59 BANKRUPTS "T2 ; 03 ;L8; a; L8. ;A;L
154, 149, 128
39 DATA 149
154, 149, 128
40 DATA 151
155, 151, 147
41 7 CHR*
42 DATA 154
128, 158, 157
128, 159, 128
158, 157, 146
43 DATA 154
128, 154, 149
128, 154, 154
154, 128, 154
44 DATA 155
128, 154, 149
128, 154, 149
155, 151, 152
45 FOR DE=1
April, 1983 the RAINBOW
8;e;L8. ;g;l2;a;P8;l8. ;g;l8; a;li6
;ec;l4;02; a;ls;g;03;C"
60 9 START OF GAME
61 ' TITLE PAGE
62 CLS
63 PRINT "HI! WELCOME TO LEMONS
VILLE, IA."
64 PRINT "IN THIS SMALL TOWN, YO
U ARE IN"
65 PRINT "CHARGE OF RUNNING YOUR
OWN"
66 PRINT "LEMONADE STAND. YOU C
AN COMPETE";
67 PRINT "WITH UP TO 30 OTHER PE
OPLE, BUT"
68 PRINT "HOW MUCH PROFIT YOU MA
KE IS UP"
69 PRINT "TO YOU (THE OTHER STAN
DS' SALES"
70 PRINT "WILL NOT AFFECT YOUR B
US I NESS) . "
71 PRINT: PRINT "IF YOU MAKE THE
MOST MONEY , "
72 PRINT "YOU'RE THE WINNER!": P
RINT
73 PRINTG416, "IS THIS A NEW GAM
E <Y OR N) " ; : INPUT A*
74 A*=LEFT*(A*, 1): IF A*<>"Y" AN
D A*<>"N" THEN 62
75 PRINTQ448, "HOW MANY PEOPLE A
INSIM Instruction Simulator
Simulates the complete 6809 instruction set.
Use it to quickly debug assembly programs.
Use it to find out how other programs work.
Use it to find out how the basic roms work.
Output to screen or printer.
Includes commands to examine and change memory.
Fven has a mini-disassembler
16K STANDARD/ EXT ENDED 839.95
COMPRESS Reduce basic program size.
Removes spaces and comments,
OP l6K
S7.95
I NTRST1 The interest calculator
Calculates home mortgage payments or any
loan payments.
Calculates interest, total interest, total
paid, amount due.
Calculates how much to invest now to retire
in style in ^0 years.
This program will calculate future values,
present values and much more!
16K STANDARD 812.95
DEPREC Calculate depreciation using:
Strait line, production unit, working hours,
declining balance, sum-of-the-years digits.
16K EXTENDED 810.95
B.C. ENGINEERING
P.O. BOX 768
MANCHESTER, MO. 630 1 1
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER.
MO. RESIDENTS ADD 5.625% SALES TAX.
RE PLAYING";: INPUT N*
76 N=VAL(N*): IF N< 1 OR N>30 THE
N 62
77 FOR 1=1 TO N: B(I)=0: A(I)=A2
: NEXT
78 IF A*="N" THEN 115
79 9 NEW BUSINESS
80 CLS
81 PRINT "TO MANAGE YOUR LEMONAD
E STAND, "
82 PRINT "YOU WILL NEED TO MAKE
THESE"
83 PRINT "DECISIONS EACH DAY:"
84 PRINT: PRINT "(1) HOW MANY GLA
SSES OF LEMONADE";
85 PRINT " TO MAKE FOR THE DA
Y,"
86 PRINT "(2) HOW MANY ADVERT I SI
NG SIGNS"
87 PRINT " TO MAKE (SIGNS COS
T 15 CENTS";
88 PRINT " EACH) , "
89 PRINT "(3) WHAT PRICE TO CHAR
GE FOR"
90 PRINT " EACH GLASS."
91 PRINT: PRINT "YOU WILL BEGIN W
ITH *2.00 CASH"
92 PRINT " (ASSETS) . "
93 FS=0: GOSUB 367
94 CLS
95 PRINT "BECAUSE YOUR MOTHER GA
VE YOU"
96 PRINT "SOME SUGAR, YOUR COST
TO MAKE"
97 PRINT "LEMONADE IS TWO CENTS
A GLASS"
98 PRINT "(THIS MAY CHANGE IN TH
E FUTURE) . "
99 PRINT "YOUR EXPENSES ARE THE
COST OF"
100 PRINT "THE LEMONADE PLUS THE
COST OF"
101 PRINT "THE SIGNS. "
102 PRINT: PRINT "YOUR PROFITS A
RE THE DIFFERENCE"
103 PRINT "BETWEEN THE INCOME FR
OM SALES"
104 PRINT "AND YOUR EXPENSES. "
105 FS=0: GOSUB 367
106 CLS: PRINT "THE NUMBER OF GL
ASSES YOU SELL"
107 PRINT "EACH DAY DEPENDS ON T
HE PRICE"
108 PRINT "YOU CHARGE AND ON THE
NUMBER"
109 PRINT "OF ADVERTISING SIGNS
YOU USE. "
110 PRINT: PRINT "KEEP TRACK OF
YOUR ASSETS, "
111 PRINT "BECAUSE YOU CAN'T SPE
62 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Enter the Wild West Days as you try to carry gold across the
desert in a stagecoach. Hot in pursuit are the James Gang and of
course, Indians!! To make matters worse you are responsible for
the safe journey of Annabelle, the judge's daughter. Hi-Res
graphic screen plots your progress. Lots of fun surprises await
you in this game -shootouts, kidnappings and more. Don't miss
the fun!
16 K Extended $19.95
Stress Evaluator
Assess your present level of stress and how it affects your
potential for illness. Evaluate the amount of life change you can
effectively handle in the future. The Stress Evaluator is a valuable
tool for recognizing, measuring and managing stress. The
program also provides a Coping Ability Test which shows your
ability to handle stress in general. Providesgoal setting exercises
and meditation graphic screens to help achieve stress-alleviating
goals. All results output to printer.
16K Extended $24.95
Weather Watch
If you really care about the weather, this program is for you. Three
programs provide you with National Weather Service approved
statistics in a monthly report format. Input of daily high and low
temp, and rainfall outputs a report of monthly average temps, and
range; high and low averages; high and low temp, for month; total
rainfall; days rain > .1 in.; heating and cooling degree days; days
high > 90; days low < 32; days low temp. < 32 and > 0; days low <
0; day of highest range. Also retrieves a single day from data file
for review. All data outputs to printer. Well documented.
16K Extended $24.95
Forecaster & Weather Watch (Disk)
Forecast general weather conditions with 80% accuracy with this
fun, simple to use program. Although not meant to replace
National Weather Service forecasts, this program is informative
and enjoyable to use. You can even create your own weather by
setting the variables!! Provides general forecast including pre-
cipitation probabilities. Includes Weather Watch program also all
on one easy to use disk.
32K Extended Disk $49.95
r ■
VISA*
■
-
Sherlock Holmes/Agatha Christie fans-It's finally here — A murder
mystery game for the 80-C! Mr. Goodbody has been killed in his
mansion and you must solve the mystery. WHO committed the
murder, WHERE did it occur and HOW was it done! Question
suspects, find thesecret passage, and break the code to get clues.
Hi-Res graphics enhances this excellent game. The computer
records the clues you obtain on a clue inventory screen and also
provides suspect descriptions at the touch of a finger. A fast, fun
game that will sharpen your deductive skills. Every game is
different!
32K Extended $19.95
AVAILABLE MAY 1
HEART -LUNG -CIRCULATORY
SYSTEMS
Include $1.50 for handling for each program.
Az. Residents add 6% Sales Tax.
Quantity Discounts to Dealers.
CIS subscribers contact through EMAIL 70435,754
ROCCI FREELANCE ASSOCIATES
651 N. Houghton Rd.
!? ^rucson, AZ. 85748
jj * 602-296-1 041
ND MORE"
112 PRINT "THAN YOU HAVE."
113 GOSUB 371
114 GOTO 138
115 ' CONTINUE OLD GAME
116 CLS: 1=0
117 PRINT "HI! WELCOME BACK TO"
118 PRINT " LEMONS V I LLE . LET'S C
ONTUNUE"
119 PRINT "YOUR LAST GAME WHERE
YOU LEFT"
120 PRINT "IT. DO YOU REMEMBER
WHAT DAY"
121 PRINT "NUMBER IT WAS";
122 INPUT A*: A=VAL(A*): PRINT:
IF AO0 THEN 126
123 A*=LEFT*(A*, 1) : IF A*="Y" TH
EN PRINT "WHAT DAY WAS IT";: 1=1
+l: GOTO 122
124 IF A*="N" OR I>0 THEN 128
125 PRINT "YES OR NO?": 1=1+1: G
OTO 122
126 IF A<1 OR A>99 OR AO INT (A)
THEN 128
127 D=A
128 PRINT "OK - WE'LL START WITH
DAY" D+l: PRINT
129 FOR 1=1 TO N: PRINT
130 PRINT "PLAYER" I "HOW MUCH M
ONEY"
131 PRINT "(ASSETS) DID YOU HAVE
ii
COMPUT€R
BUSINESS FORMS
Continuous forms, labels, paper, checks,
invoices, statements— all with your
imprint. Continuous letterhead with a
perf so fine that you need a magnifying
glass to tell it's a fan fold sheet.
Matching envelopes.
Regular letterhead, business forms and
cards also.
Send sample for quote. Send $3.00
(refundable on first order) for our
catalog.
Catalog also includes computer
furniture.
DCSCAT PACSS, INC.
P. O. Box 151 28
Las Vegas, Nevada 891 14
132 INPUT A*: A=VAL(A*): PRINT
133 IF A<2 THEN PRINT "OK - WE'L
L START YOU OUT WITH *2.00" : A
=2: GOTO 135
134 IF A>40 THEN PRINT "JUST TO
BE FAIR, LET'S MAKE THAT *10
.00": A=10
135 A(I)=INT(A*100+.5)/100: NEXT
136 PRINT: INPUT " ...READ
Y TO BEGIN"; A*
137 IF LEFT* (A*, 1)="N" THEN 79
138 * WEATHER REPORT
139 SC=RND<0)
140 IF SCX. 6 THEN SC=2: GOTO 143
141 IF SCX. 8 THEN SC=10: GOTO 14
3
142 SC=7
143 IF D<3 THEN SC=2
144 GOSUB 316
145 CLS
146 ' START OF NEW DAY
147 D=D+1
148 PRINT "ON DAY" D "THE COST 0
F"
149 PRINT "LEMONADE IS ";
150 C=2: IF D>2 THEN C=4
151 IF D>6 THEN C=5
152 C1=C*.01
153 PRINT USING "**.##"; CI
154 Rl=l
155 ' CURRENT EVENTS
156 IF D<>3 THEN 158
157 PRINT " (YOUR MOTHER QUIT GIV
ING YOU FREE SUGAR)"
158 IF D<>7 THEN 160
159 PRINT "(THE PRICE OF LEMONS
WENT UP) "
160 * THINGS HAPPEN AFTER DAY 2
161 IF D>2 THEN 271
162 ' INPUT VALUES
163 PRINT
164 FOR 1=1 TO N
165 G(I)=l: H(I)=0
166 PRINT "STAND" I; TAB (16) "AS
SETS ";: PRINT USING "**###.##";
A(I)
167 PRINT
168 IF B(I)=0 THEN 172
169 PRINT "YOU'RE BANKRUPT! NO
DECISIONS. "
170 IF N=l AND A (IXC THEN 312
171 GOTO 211
172 PRINT "HOW MANY GLASSES OF L
EMONADE DO YOU WANT TO MAKE";
173 INPUT L(I)
174 IF L(I)<0 OR L(I)>1000 THEN
176
175 GOTO 178
64 the RAINBOW April, 1983
The PROFESSIONAL Keyboard
See review in March '83 RAINBOW, page 20
No soldering, cutting, or gluing required - plugs right in!
$89.95
The
Color Computer
Professional Keyboard, with
full stroke, positive action keyswitches,
provides a feel normally associated with more
expensive microcomputers and terminals. The finely
textured keycaps, gray and black with white lettering, nicely
complement the Color Computer's sleek appearance. And, the keyboard's high quality construction
assures years of reliable operation. A 90-day limited warranty is provided. The four function keys,
occupying the extra positions in the keyboard matrix, are an added bonus. Whether with your own
software, or with that from vendors who have specially adapted theirs, (such as Frank Hogg
Laboratories FLEX), the function keys enhance the keyboard's utility. BASIC programming examples
and assembly language driver listings are included. The keyboard is custom made for the Color
Computer by Macrotron, an experienced manufacturer of computer components and peripherals.
Consequently, installation is a simple plug-in operation, requiring no soldering or cutting
whatsoever. The installation procedure is detailed in an illustrated user's manual, which is included
but also available separately for $2.00 (refundable with purchase). Two versions of the keyboard
are available, one for revision E and earlier Color Computers and the other for the revision F(also
known as A or ET) Color and TDP-100 computers. Please specify which version you have when
ordering, if possible. Otherwise, include the complete catalog number and serial number.
Micronix Systems Corporation
#7 Gibraltar Square
St. Charles, MO 63301
(314) 441-1694
Terms: Prepaid check or money order, Mastercard or Visa.
Shipping Charges: U.S. $2.00, Canada $4.00, COD $3.50 (No COD's to Canada).
176 PRINT "LET'S BE REASONABLE.
TRY AGAIN. 5
177 GOTO 172
178 IF L(I)OINT(L(I) > THEN 176
179 IF L<I)*CK=A<I> THEN 187
180 PRINT "YOU HAVE ONLY";
181 PRINT USING "**###.##"; A (I)
■
9
182 PRINT " IN CASH. "
183 PRINT "TO MAKE"; L(I) "GLASS
ES OF"
184 PRINT "LEMONADE, YOU NEED";
185 PRINT USING "**###.##"; L<I)
*Ci; : PRINT ". 11
186 GOTO 172
187 PRINT
188 PRINT "HOW MANY SIGNS < " ; : PR
INT USING "## "; S3*100; : PRINT "
CENTS"
189 PRINT "EACH) DO YOU WANT";
190 INPUT S(I)
191 IF S(I) <0 OR S<I) >50 THEN
193
192 GOTO 195
193 PRINT "BE REASONABLE. TRY A
GAIN. "
194 GOTO 187
195 IF S(IX>INT<S<I) > THEN 193
196 IF S<I)*S3<=A<I)-L<I)*C1 THE
NOW a good used line printer
CENTRONICS SO©
13S character* pur lin«
Sprocket feed - Adjustable width
Dot Matrix 5X7
Print rate 88 char- per second
One 1 ine buffer
H = 13-3/4" D = ai-a/3"
W ■ 32" Weight = 98 lbs.
CENTRONICS 588 (used) serial 600
Baud, with 4 pin DIN plug $315. 00
CENTRONICS 588 (used) parallel feed
44 pin edge card $£75 - 00
Al 1 prices F. 0. B. Henderson, Tx.
Terrns : Cash, check or COD
Tx- residents add 4% sales tax
LEPDER SPLES CORPORATION
P. 0. Box 1££C, Henderson, Tx. 75653
Ph. £14-657-7800 after 6 PM
Discounts available to CC Clubs and
volume buyers.
N 202
197 PRINT
198 PRINT "SORRY, YOU HAVE ONLY"
■
9
199 PRINT USING "**###.##"; A<I)
-L<I)*C1
200 PRINT "AFTER MAKING YOUR LEM
ONADE- "
201 GOTO 187
202 PRINT: PRINT "WHAT PRICE ARE
YOU CHARGING FOR"
203 PRINT "FOR EACH GLASS (IN CE
NTS) ";
204 INPUT P(I)
205 IF P(I)<0 OR P(I)>99 THEN 20
7
206 GOTO 209
207 PR I NT: PR I NT "BE REASONABLE.
TRY AGA IN."
208 GOTO 202
209 IF P(I)OINT(P(I) > THEN 207
210 IF C5=l THEN 211
211 PRINT: INPUT "WANT TO CHANGE
ANYTHING"; A*
212 IF LEFT* (A*, 1)="Y" THEN CLS:
C5=l: GOTO 165
213 CLS
214 NEXT I
215 C5=0: CLS
216 IF SC=10 AND RND(0X.25 THEN
296
217 PRINT M LEMONS V I LLE FINANCI
AL REPORT"
218 PLAY MONEYSONG*
219 ' CALCULATE PROFITS
220 IF R2=2 THEN 292
221 IF R3=3 THEN 301
222 FOR 1=1 TO N
223 IF A (1X0 THEN A < I ) =0
224 IF R2=2 THEN 234
225 IF P(I)>=P9 THEN 228
226 N1=<P9-P<I> ) /P9*.8*S2+S2
227 GOTO 229
228 Nl=( <P9^2)*S2/P<I>^2>
229 W=-S<I)*C9
230 V=1-<EXP<W)*C2>
231 N2=R1*<N1+<N1*V) J
232 N2=INT<N2*G<I> >
233 IF N2<=L<I) THEN 235 'SALE
S >= PRODUCTION
234 N2=L(I)
235 M=N2*P<I>*.01
236 E=S<I)*S3+L<I)*C1
237 P1=M-E 'PROFIT
238 A(I)=A(I)+P1
239 IF H<I)=1 THEN 296
240 IF I>1 THEN PRINT " LEMONSV
I LLE FINANCIAL REPORT"
241 PRINT
66 the RAINBOW April, 1983
JUST GOOD SOFTWARE
DISK DOUBLE ENTRY - If you have spent hours trying to balance your Debits and Credits, this program is
foryou! Designedforsmall business, club, and personal use. Enter transactions in a journal type format.
Program will maintain current account balances, produce Trial Balance, Income, and Balance Sheet re-
ports and complete Account Ledgers. Will handle up to 300 accounts including report headings and
totals. Up to 1 400 average transactions on a diskette. Summary reports and four levels of subtotals
available. REQUIRES 32K and a user understanding of standard double entry accounting con-
cepts. - $44.95 in BASIC with Machine Language subroutines.
DISK DATA HANDLER - 64K - Designed to use the full 64K RAM, but may also be configured for 32K. Uses
standard ROM's - No special operating system required! Allows you to design disk data files for your
specific needs. You define a basic record of up to 1 4 fields and 246 characters. Provides fast selection
and sorting based on any field or combination of fields in this record. Powerful on-screen input and
update. User defined output of reports to screen, printer, or disk files which may be read by your BASIC
programs for any computational or special formatting requirements. Printer reports allow headings,
page breaks, and page numbering, and let you pass control codes to drive your printer's special
features. Maximum number of recordsyou may workwith at one time will depend on RAM configuration
and record size - 64K (32K) 1850 (500) - 21 char records, 179 (49) - 246 char records. An optional
Extended record linked to the basic record may also be defined. The size of this Extended record is not a
factor in determining maximum number of records. Will provide the growth capability needed for your
increasingly sophisticated applications. $54.95 in BASIC with Machine Language subroutines.
DISK DATA HANDLER - 32 K only version - as above, but without report headings, page breaks, or printer
control codes. $44.95
DATE-O-BASE CALENDAR - Puts you in charge of your schedule! Graphically displays any monthly calendar
between 1 700 and 2099. You put in up to twelve 28 character memos per day - calendar shows where
the memos are - call up of day shows details. Use for appointments and a log of past activity. Study the
chronology of the American Revolution or note the day your mortgage will be paid off. Search capability
allows you to list or print all memos between two specified dates or only ones meeting key word criteria.
Date computation shows elapsed time between two dates i n days, weeks, months, and years. REQUIRES
32K in BASIC.
TAPE DATE-O-BASE CALENDAR - $16.95
(max. 400 memos/tape file)
DISK DATE-O-BASE CALENDAR - $19.95
(over 4,000 memos/disk - max. 300 memos/month)
MATH TUTOR - Five programs that go from math fact (+, -, X, /) drill to full addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division at four levels of difficulty. Provides a step by step approach with error correction and re-
wards for good performance. - $13.95 in BASIC.
SPELLING TEACHER - Up to 200 of their spelling words stored on tape or disk are presented in four lively
study modes including a scrambled word game. - $1 2.95 in BASIC.
ALPHA-DRAW - A subroutine designed to let you easily add characters to your graphic displays. You define
X and Y coordinates and a string variable of one or more characters and Alpha-Draw will do the rest.
Includes all keyboard characters. Comes with instructions for a true line numbered merge of tape files.
Works great with the Screen Print program! - $8.95 in BASIC.
GRAPHIC SCREEN PRINT PROGRAM - Works in ALL PMODES and lets you shift screen image anywhere
on the printed page. Relocatable code lets you use all of your 1 6K or 32K machine. Available for both
Color Basic 1 .0 and 1.1. Use EXEC 41 1 75 tosee whichyou have and SPECIFY with order. In Machine Language,
$7.95 - For TRS-80® LP-VII/VIII & DMP 100/200/400 (specify printer type)
$9.95 - For Epson GRAFTRAX®, PROWRITER®, NEC® PC 8023A-C
Microline® 82A/83A (with OKIGRAPH® I), Microline 84
IDS-440/445, Paper Tiger® 460/560, Micro Prism® 480, Prism® 80/1 32 (with dot plotting)
Micro Peripherals, Inc. 88G/99G
(Trademarks of Tandy Corp., Epson America, Inc., C-ltoh, NEC America, Okidata Corp., Integral Data Systems, Inc.)
ALL PROGRAMS require Extended Color Basic and aredelivered
on cassette. All, except Tape Date-O-Base Calendar, are DISK
System compatible. oUGGfcoI /UNo:
We want your
8
»
o
o
H
00
c
C
z
m
03
■o
>
m
S
Custom Software Engineering, Inc.
807 Minutemen Causeway (D-2), Cocoa Beach, Florida 32931
(305) 783-1083
For VISA and Master Card orders:
Include type, account number, expiration
date, signature and phone number.
Sorry' No COD's.
Add $1 .00 per order for shipping. Florida
residents add 5% sales tax. Return within
two weeks if not completely satisfied.
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
ALL LISTED
PROGRAMS
242 IF B(I)<>1 THEN 245
243 PRINT "STAND" I "BANKRUPT":
GOSUB 371
244 GOTO 267
245 PRINT " DAY" D TAB (22) "ST A
ND" I: PRINT
246 PRINT USING " #### "; N2; : P
RINT "GLASSES SOLD"
247 PRINT " *. ";: IF P(I)<10 THE
N 248 ELSE PRINT USING "## " 5 P<
I ) ; : GOTO 249
248 print "0";: print using "# "
5 p<i>;
249 print "per glass"
250 print tab (15) "income";: pri
nt using "**####.##"; m
251 print: print using " ####
l(i);: print "glasses made"
252 PRINT USING " #### S(i);:
PRINT "SIGNS MADE"
253 PRINT TAB (13) "EXPENSES";: P
RINT USING "**####.##"; E
254 PRINT: PRINT TAB (15) "PROFIT
";: print using '•**####. ##'•; pi
255 PRINT: PRINT TAB (15) "ASSETS
";: print using '•**####. ##'•; a<i
)
256 GOSUB 371
257 CLS
258 IF A(I)>C/100 THEN 267
259 PRINT "STAND" I
260 PRINT " ... YOU DON'T HAVE E
NOUGH MONEY";
261 PRINT "LEFT TO STAY IN BUSIN
ESS. "
262 PRINT "YOU'RE BANKRUPT!"
263 PLAY BANKRUPT*
264 B(I)=1
265 GOSUB 371: CLS
266 IF N=l AND B(l)=l THEN 312
267 NEXT I
268 Rl=l
269 R2=0
270 GOTO 138
271 * RANDOM EVENTS
272 IF SC=10 THEN 277
273 IF SC=7 THEN 308
274 IF RND(0X.25 THEN 283
275 GOTO 163
276 IF Xl=l THEN 163
277 J=30+INT(RND(0)»5)*10
278 print "there is a";:print us
ing " ##"; j;: print "% chance of
RAIN"
279 Rl=l-J/100
280 Xl=l
281 GOTO 163
282 IF X2=l THEN 163
283 PRINT "THE STREET DEPT. IS W
ORKING ON"
284 PRINT "YOUR STREET AND THERE
WILL BE"
285 PRINT "NO TRAFFIC TODAY."
286 IF RND(0X.5 THEN 289
287 R2=2
288 GOTO 290
289 Rl». 1
290 X2=l
291 GOTO 163
292 PRINT "THE STREET CREWS BOUG
HT ALL YOUR";
293 PRINT "LEMONADE AT LUNCH TIM
E ! "
294 FS=l: GOSUB 367
295 GOTO 222
296 9 THUNDERSTORM
297 X3=1IR3=0
298 SC=5: GOSUB 316: CLS
299 PRINT "WEATHER REPORT: A SE
VERE"
300 PRINT "THUNDERSTORM HIT LEMO
NSVILLE"
301 PRINT "TODAY JUST AS THE LEM
ONADE"
302 PRINT "STANDS WERE BEING SET
UP. "
303 PRINT "EVERYTHING WAS RUINED
i ii
jȣ ADVANCED MATH PROGRAMS
lor
ENGINEERS • PHYSICISTS • STUDENTS
FUNCTION GRAPHING MODULE 16K EXT-S19 95
* HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHS
* GRAPH ANY FUNCTION — 4 AT ONCE
* PARAMETERS EASY TO CHANGE
' AUTO-SCALING OPTIMIZES GRAPH SIZE
- FIND AND COMPDTE FUNCTION VALUES &
ZEROS
* INTERSECTION OF FUNCTIONS
* COMPLETE MANUAL — PROGRAM ON TAPE
CALCULUS MATH MODULE 32K EXT-S34.95
* STARTS WITH THE GRAPHING MODULE
' LOAD UP 9 FUNCTIONS AT ONCE
* FIND AND COMPUTE MAXIMA & MINIMA
* NUMERIC INTEGRATION & DIFFERENTIATION
" COMPOSITE AREAS
* HANDLES PIECEWISE CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS
* HARD COPIES OF DATA AND/OR GRAPH
* COMPLETE MANUAL — PROGRAM ON TAPE
/ CALCSOFT
A / P.O. BOX 401
VST. ANN, MO 63074
CHECK OR MONEY ORDER — $1.00 for
shipping
68 the RAINBOW April, 1983
AT LAST - REAL ARCADE ACTION
Jusr plug In our adaptor (below) and use your ATARI* JOY5T1CK5, or for REAL
ARCADE ACTION ...get one af ours!
ByWICO®
COMMAND CONTROL adaptor Rodla Shock* TRS80® Color Computer 1 7 95
Use one or two joysticks - Adaptor needed for all joystick.
COMMAND CONTROL joystick
• Injection-molded modular construction and 6 Leaf type molded switdies
— identical to the best commercial arcade models.
• Two fire burton locotlons, activated by above-mounted slide switch
• Extro-long 5' cord
Joystick 15-9714 29 95
• Extra-long arcade style
bot handle grip rhot moves
smoothly and easily Into all
8 standard positions.
• Low-profile, heavy-duty
plastic base.
Famous Red Doll™
Joystick 1 5-9730 34 95
• Arcade-type red boll handle that moves
smoothly and easily into all 8 standard
positions.
• Low-profile, heavy-duty plastic base.
ATARI
Joysticks
SPECIAL
$9.50 eoch/2 for $18.00
QuickS hot
TM
DELUXE JOY5TICK CONTROLLER
Deluxe positive response fire button
Contour grip design • Extra long feet cord
Conventional type firing button • Rubber Suction cup footing
for stable one hand operation • Contour groove for sure grip $1 095 ea/34 95 pr.
TRIGA-COMMAN D JOY5T1CK5
>19 95 ea/34 95 pr.
POINTMASTER 1 7 95 ea/32 95 pr.
A rugged, fast action joystick for those
who take their games seriously.
POINTMASTER PRO 28 95 ea./49 95 pr.
Super Joystick with built in Fire Control
and suction base.
■ L J'i.
Pro/Writer Printer-851 0 A
Printer
Interface
TDM 00
LIST
>495.00
69.00
SALE
>439.95
65.95
PACKAGE
Package
>499.95
V1SA/MC odd 3%
Ship/handling
G insurance
odd $10.00
16K Color Computer w/DASIC - $289.00
16K Color Computer w/Extended Color BASIC - $389.00
SOFTWARE
FROM SHELL
DEATHSTAR "on adventure" 32k/ecb . H9.95
a text adventure thofs different!!
(See review in April Issue of Rainbow)
SUD-HUNT "arcade type" 16k/ecb . . . . J 9.95
(FREE in March Issue of Rainbow)
STAR RAID "arcade type" 16k ecb . . . H8.95
a lot of oction for 16k
FEDERATION OOOTCAMP 16k ecb.... H8.95
You've been drafted for 1 6 wks.
of rugged training! con you
become a "space cadet" ???
SONAR SEARCH "arcade type" 16/ecbM8.95
remember bottleship?? you'll
love this one! 1 /2 players
EXTERMINATOR "orcadetype" 1 6k/ecb H 8.95
not a "centipede type game"
this Is original! destroy
the insects with your can
of "RAID" - lots of fun!
SNOOPY G RED BARON "arcade type" H8.95
1 6k/ecb - this one is a reol
"dog fight" for 2 players only!
LUNAR-lander "arcade type" 16k/ecb H5.95
yep, another "lander" game but
we think you'll like our version.
Different each time with 4 levels
of play! Greot Effects!!
FROM TOM MIX
DONKEY-KING "arcade type" 32K/ml >24.95
by for the best "KONG" type
game! 4 full screens, just
like the orcade-ASTOUNDING!!
TAPE TO DISK "utility" 1 6k/ml H9.95
load any tope to disk
automatically
THE FIXER "utility" 16k/ml H8.95
having trouble moving those
600 hex programs to disk?
the FIXER will help!
DISK TO TAPE "utility" 1 6k/ml H9.95
dump contents of disk to
tape automatically
•••IF ITS NOT GOOD, WE DON'T SELL IT***
DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME
* ALL ARCADE TYPE IN HI-RES *
axWNB/Dcflascsft
FREE 1 6K Adv. gome with
$50 order.
Orders under $50 - odd $2.50
r r r ^/-AiNr n .nm ire ship/hnd. Write for complete
S 6 S ARCADE SUPPLIES line of software
8301 Somcw Dr./Orlando, FL 32807 Flo. residents odd 5% sales tax.
9 to 5 EST (305) 894-1 887 - Evenings (305) 275-8490 VTSA/MC odd 3%
Buy a disk drive for
your Co-Co that's
better and saves
you money!
TAN DON 40trk DISK DRIVES
DRIVE 0 $449. DRIVE 1 $249.
DRIVE 0& 1 $669. (dual case and power sopp/j
Double Sided 40trk TANDON Drives
DRIVE 0/1 $549 DRIVE 2/3 $349.
DRIVE 0/1/2/3 $869. (dual case)
WICO COCO TRACKBALL $69.
WICO JOYSTICK $24.95
16K CHIP SET $14.95
64K CHIP SET (8J $64.
JCAT AUTO/ANSWER MODEM $139.
Since this ad was formatted in January
printer prices were expected to go
down, please call our toll free number
for the latest pricing and availability.
48K 2 DRIVE MODEL III $1695.
120 Day Warranty
Visa , MasterCard , Money Orders , Personal Checks
Require 3 Weeks , and Wire Transfers.
!
COMPUKIT
1-800-231-6671
1-713-480-6000
162Q6D Hickory Knotl Houston, Texas 77059
32: P
304 FS=l:GOSUB 367
305 FOR J-l TO N:G(J)-0:NEXT
306 GOTO 222
307 IF X4=l THEN 163
308 X4=l
309 PRINT "A HEAT WAVE IS PREDIC
TED TODAY ! "
310 Rl=2
311 GOTO 163
312 FOR 1=1 TO 2000: NEXT: CLS:
PRINTQ256, "WOULD YOU LIKE TO PL
AY AGAIN?"
313 INPUT IN*: IN*=LEFT*(IN*, 1) :
IF IN*="Y" THEN 47
314 CLS
315 END
316 7 WEATHER DISPLAY
317 CLS3
318 PRINTQ416, STRING* (64, 143)
319 PRINT@144,CHR*<128) ; "lemonad
e";CHR*(128) ;
320 PRINT@176,CHR*(128) ; "for";CH
R*<128) ; "sale";CHR* (128) ;
321 FOR LO=208 TO 272 STEP 32: P
RINTQLO, CHR*(165);: NEXT
322 FOR L0=217 TO 281 STEP
RINTQLO, CHR*<170);: NEXT
323 FOR LO-304 TO 400 STEP
RINT6L0, STRING* (10, 128) ; : NEXT
324 FOR L0=274 TO 278 STEP 2: PR
INTQLO, CHR*(159);: NEXT
325 PR I NTQ480, "WEATHER REPORT:";
326 IF SC=5 THEN 344
327 PRINTG36, STRING* (5, 255)
328 PRINTQ67, STRING* (7, 255)
329 PRINT699, STRING* (7, 255)
330 PRINTQ132, STRING* (5, 255) ;
331 IF SC<>2 THEN 334
332 PRINT6496, "SUNNY";: PLAY SU
NSONG*
333 RETURN
334 IF SC<>7 THEN 337
335 PRINTG496, "HOT AND DRY";: P
LAY HOTSONG*
336 RETURN
337 PRINT651, STRING* ( 10, 207) ;
338 PRINT682, STRING* ( 12, 207) ;
339 PRINTQl 16, STRING* ( 1 1 , 207) ;
340 PRINT6154, STRING* (4, 207) ;
341 PRINT6186, STRING* (2, 207) ;
342 PRINT6496, "CLOUDY & COOLER"
; : PLAY CLOUDSONG*
343 RETURN
344 PRINTQ33, STRING* ( 13, 128) ; ST
RING* (2, 175) ;STRING*(13, 128) ;
345 PRINTQ67, STRING* ( 12, 128) ; ST
RING* (3, 175) ; STRING* (12, 128) ;
346 PRINTQ99, STRING* ( 1 1 , 128) ; ST
RING* (6, 175) ; STRING* (11, 128) ;
the RAINBOW April, 1983
347 PRINTQ133, STRING* (8, 128) ;
348 PRINTQ154, STRING* (4, 128) ;
349 PRINT© 167, STRING* (5, 128) ;
350 PR I NTQ496 , " THUNDERSTORMS " ; :
PLAY RAINSONG*
351 FOR LO=l TO 2
352 FOR DE=1 TO 123: READ J: NEX
T
FOR DE=1 TO 18
READ I, J
POKE I, J
356 NEXT
357 FOR DE=1 TO 40: NEXT
358 FOR DE=1 TO 18
359 READ I, J
360 POKE I, J
361 NEXT
07, 1211, 175, 1406,207, 1244, 175, 12
76, 175, 1309, 175, 1341, 175, 1373, 17
5, 1406, 175
367 PRINTQ480, "push c to cont
inue ";: FOR QP=1527T01534: POK
EQP,32:NEXT : POKE 1508,32: POKE
1509,27: POKE 1511,29: POKE 151
2,32: POKE 1515,32: P0KE1524,46:
POKE 1525, 46: POKE 1526, 46: POKE1
368 IN*=INKEY*: IF 1N*<>"C" THEN
363 NEXT LO
364 RETURN
365 DATA 1160,207,1192,207,1225,
207, 1258,207, 1291,207, 1323,207, 1
356, 207, 1 160, 128, 1389, 207, 1 192, 1
28, 1422, 207, 1225, 175, 1258, 175, 12
91 , 175, 1323, 175, 1356, 175, 1389, 17
5, 1422, 143
366 DATA 1145,207,1178,207,1211,
207, 1244,207, 1276,207, 1309,207, 1
145, 128, 1341,207, 1178, 128, 1373,2
369 IF FS=1 THEN CLS:PRINT " LE
MONSVILLE FINANCIAL REPORT" ELSE
RETURN
370 FS=0: RETURN
371 '
372 PR I NTQ480 , "push c to cont
inue e to en";: POKE 1508,32:
POKE 1509,27: POKE 1511,29: POK
E 1512,32: POKE 1515,32: POKE 15
24,44: POKE 1525,32: POKE 1526,2
7: POKE 1528,29: POKE 1529,32: P
OKE 1532,32: POKE 1535,4
373 IN*=INKEY*: DE=RND (-TIMER)
374 IF IN*="E" THEN 312
375 IF IN*="C" THEN RETURN
376 GOTO 373
®
Prism Software
Dultr inquiries tmkomt
Quality color computer software
All Software on tape only
Al puna raovlre 16 Kraft
ARCADE GAMES
★ By Spectral Associates *
GHOST GOBBLER $26.95 ROBOT BATTLE $26.95
ALCATRAZ II $11.95 PLANET INVASION $26.95
GALAX ATT AX $26.95 COSMIC INVADERS $26.95
SPACE WAR $26.95 SPACE RACE $26.95
WIZARD ™ E $23 " 95 DEFENSE 326 95
★ By Mark Data Products ★
BLACK SANCTUM $28.95 ASTRO-BLAST $30.95
CAVE HUNTER $28.95 CALIXTO ISLAND $28.95
BERSERK $30.95 SPACE RAIDERS $30.95
★ By Computerware ★
COLOR PAC ATTACK $30.95 STARSHIP r
DOODLEBUG $30.95 CHAMELEON $30.95
RAIL RUNNER $30.95 STORM $30.95
CHOPPER RESCUE
LAS VEGAS
THE ALIEN
(Extended BASIC)
(Extended BASIC)
$13.95
$11.95
$13.95
RAIDERS "By Prism Software" In this adventure you must
deal with voodoo curses, alligators, ancient traps and hostile
natives. This adventure begins in the confusion of a large city
and ends (maybetoosoon if you're not careful) in a dangerous,
dense jungle in South America.
(Extended BASIC) $16.95
4
OOOO *Bylntracolor*
COLORPEDE $35.95
★ By Tom Mix Software ★
O DONKEY KING $30.95
8
^^^^^^
Prism Software
779 Queen St.,
Box 1 360, Kincardine,
Ontario, Canada. NOG 2G0
Tel:(51 9)396-8224
requires 32 K
Add 5°o lor shipping
No CO D.
VISA or Mastercard accepted
Ontario residents add 7% sales tax.
2-3
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 71
Software Review...
Catch 'Em Can Be Catching—
Especially For The Young
Ever try juggling more than two balls over your head at
the same time? (Hasn't everybody?) That's the kind of
feeling you get while playing Catch Em the first few times
through, except that you're trying to keep up with 16 objects
wave after wave after wave...
The game, which requires 16K — no Extended BASIC, is
deceptively easy through the first five waves, as you
maneuver your joystick frantically back and forth catching
the missiles in a barrel. But, as you gain in confidence, you
also tend to be lackadaisical — and that's when you get in
trouble! Splat, the missile hits the bottom of the screen, and
the sound effects, combined with the flashing lights, shock
you back into reality.
The assortment of objects in Catch Em includes a crazy
collection of thimbles, rockets, flying saucers, Thai fighters,
balls, even a Flying I!
You are given three opportunities to catch them and, if
successful, you are rewarded with extra barrels. Your
running score is displayed at the upper lefthand side of the
screen.
If you are not an immediate success, simply pressing the
"R" key enables you to sharpen your skills with a new game.
While grownups may want to go on to something "more
challenging" (especially if they are continually frustrated),
the youngsters will love Catch Em. For teaching them hand-
to-eye coordination, or dexterity with the joystick, there's
no better way than with Catch Em.
(Aardvark-80, 2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Mi
48088, $19.95 on tape) —Charles Springer
TRS-80 COLOR BASIC
by BOB ALBRECHT
This entertaining self -instructional book is packed with
games, experiments, scores of intriguing challenges, and
activities related to fantasy role-playing games. The
ideal introductory aid for kids, parents and teachers
using the Color Computer.
John Wiley & Sons $9.95
605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158
TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER GRAPHICS
by DON INMAN
Explore the creative and imaginative blending of computers
and color. This exciting book will enable you to explore
all the graphics capabilities of Extended Color BASIC.
Reston Publishing Company $14.95
11480 Sunset Hills Rd„ Reston, VA 22090
l I V^«J
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE GRAPHICS
FOR THE TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
by DON INMAN and KURT INMAN
This book is specific to the TRS-80 Color Computer with
applications using sound and graphics to illustrate how an
assembler can be used to perform feats that would be quite
difficult, if not impossible in the BASIC language.
Reston Publishing Company $14.95
DYMAX, P.O. 310, MENLO PARK,CA 94025
Dymax orders must be prepaid via check, money order, Visa
or Mastercard. Sorry, no Purchase Orders or COD orders.
Please add $2.00 shipping and handling. California residents
add 6% sales tax. ffl^ft
AAlNiOW
liattfKiie.
MIL
Software Review . . .
Doubleback: New 4K Game
Is Challenging, Fun
One day in early March, a package which piqued my
curiosity arrived at the Prospect offices of the Rainbow. My
sixth sense told me there was something inside of extra-
ordinary interest. The red and white label told me it was
from Radio Shack.
Thumbing through the colorful catalogs, slick, hard-
bound documentation folders, ROM Paks and tapes, I
sought to lay hold of that quantity I knew (or maybe just
hoped) was there. Most of the stuff I had seen before — Color
SCRIPSIT, Color Disk Spectaculator, Bustout — all good
programs, too, but where was IT? That bon d' Co Co? An
instant later I would learn that I was but a handful of
Sytrofoam pellets away from the answer.
There it was. Doubleback!
Doubleback? Could it be? It was a brand new release from
Radio Shack, but right there on page one of the documenta-
tion booklet it said all the system it required was 4K RAM
and joysticks. Not 16K, not 32K, no Extended Color
BASIC— just 4K.
Of course, you have to play Doubleback before you can
really appreciate its economy of programming. It is a thor-
oughly absorbing — even addictive — game with very nice
graphics, well-done sound effects that add to the fun without
getting in the way, a challenging scoring system, and a
concept that is unique, bizarre and non-violent. It's a great
game for kids, if the little things can ever wrestle control
from the clutches of their parents. Fortunately for my
daughter Laura, two can play the game as well as one, or her
mother, who may be the world's first Doubleback junkie,
would never give her a chance to experience more than the
vicarious, second-hand joy that belongs to the spectator.
Just what is it that makes this small program such great
fun? Good question. A part of the answer, I feel, lies in the
greater sense of control you have over the field of play.
That's just a guess. It might be the residual trail that you
trace with your joystick, or the mysterious suddenness with
which the mystical objects materialize in the field, or the
progression of difficulty as your score mounts. Whatever it
is, it is a real quantity.
To play Doubleback, you patrol the area by moving the
joystick to trace a colorful, fading contrail on the screen. As
an assortment of objects pops into view, you attempt to
circle them, making a complete loop with your trail before it
fades. Catching two or more objects in your loop derives
bonus points for your score.
Your turn is suddenly terminated when you collide with
an object you're trying to circle, or another which might
have just popped into your path. Certain objects, like spi-
ders, move on the screen; others appear only after you have
reached various threshhold point levels. If you have done so
well as to have offended the program master, you will
encounter something to slow you down — skulls. Beginning
with one and increasing in number up to 10, the skulls
appear. They have no point value, they're only there as
obstacles to keep you from circling your quarry and to bring
your turn to an abrupt halt as you run into them. And,
although I haven't encountered it, a warning in the docu-
mentation booklet which comes boxed with this ROM Pak
states that after 10 skulls you must beware of the unex-
pected. The context of the word "unexpected" makes me
very curious, as the game Doubleback is itself a composite of
unexpected elements. Doubleback is a 4K gem.
(Available at Radio Shack, Cat. No. 26-3091, $24.95)
—Courtney Noe
72
the RAINBOW April, 1983
GRAPHICS
Make This Handy Reusable Graphics Grid
By T. Gray
Planning and plotting graphics, whether on the 80C or
another computer, is a time-consuming process requiring a
number of sketches. Here are some ideas for making this
programming step a bit easier.
The most obvious thing to do is to have the PRINT @
locations and graphics grid (pages 277-278 in the Color
Basic Manual) photocopied. A hundred of these will last a
fair while and will provide for many a program. Since such
photocopying appears to violate copyright laws, I'm sur-
prised that Radio Shack doesn't supply these grids in news-
print pads.
An elegant solution is to get one of those "magic slates" —
the kind where lifting the transparent cover erases the image.
From a stationary store, graphic arts supply house, or
teachers'store, get a couple of non-washable felt tippensfor
writing on acetate (transparencies for overhead projectors).
Use the felt pens to draw your PRINT @ or graphics grid
onto theacetatecover of the "magic slate. "This will give you
a quickly erasable practice sheet for sketching graphics,
centering titles or instructions, etc.
A third suggestion is to buy a set of washable acetate felt
pens in the eight colors of your 80C. You can use these in
either of two ways. If you like, you can have an acetate
transparency of your grids made (any office with a modern
photocopier can do this; or try a printing or photocopying
film). You can then sketch in copy or full-color graphics,
and erase them with a damp paper towel. An alternative
method is to simply tape a clear acetate sheet (readily avail-
able at graphics firms, or as page protectors or photo album
inserts at drug stores) over the appropriate grid in your
manual. The image can be easily moved to different loca-
tions on the grid without the need for redrawing. Complete
or partial erasure is as simple as a wipe with the damp towel.
Any of these suggestions can help keep you from erasing
holes in the grids in your manual!
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE
For the Color Computer
and TOP 100
SOFTWARE
3424 College N,E.
Grand Rapids, Ml 49505
(616) 364-4791
SEARCH-A-WORD This Program generates a word search puzzle to our
specifications. You specify the size of the puzzle and the number of
words that it is to hide within the puzzle. 16K or 32K Ext. Basic.
TAPE $17.95 FLEX VERSION $27.95
CLOCK-With the ever increasing use of digital clocks, more and more
young people are unpracticed in the use of the "ANALOG" clocks. You
remember those, the ones with the hands. This program will attempt to
teach the relationship between the two types of clocks.
REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC S14.95
SPELLING TEST is designed to give a standard oral spelling test using
the audio track of the computer's tape recorder to dictate test words and
sample sentences. Student responses are typed on the keyboard and
checked by the computer. Results are displayed on the screen and (if
connected) on a printer. REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $19.95
MATH DRILL is a program designed to help children to practice addi-
tion, subtraction, multiplication, and division skills on the COLOR COM-
PUTER. It has several features that make its use particularly attractive.
•Up to 6 students may use the program at the same time.
•Answers for addition, subtraction and multiplication are entered
from right to left, just as they are written on paper.
•Commas may be included in the answers.
•Partial products for the multiplication problems may be com-
puted on the screen.
•Division answers that have a remainder are entered as a whole
number followed by the letter "R" and the remainder.
•There are ten, user modifiable, skill levels.
•A "SMILEY FACE" is used for motivation and reward. Its size in-
creases relative to the skill level.
•Skill levels automatically adjust to the student's ability.
•A timer measures the time used to answer each problem and the
total time used for a series of problems.
•After a problem has been answered incorrectly the correct answer
appears under (above in division) the incorrect answer.
REQUIRES 16K EX1 BASIC $19.95
WORD DRILL is designed to give a multiple choice vocabulary quiz.
Words and def initionsare entered into the program from the keyboard or
from a tape file. The computer displays a randomly chosen definition
and eight word choices. The- student must enter his response before a
built In timer reaches zero.
REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $19.95
EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE - SPELLING TEST -
WORD DRILL - MATH DRILL - ESTIMATE —
ALL FOR — WSJ
ESTIMATE is a program designed to help children to practice estimating
the answers to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
problems on the COLOR COMPUTER. It has many features that make its
use particularly attractive:
•Up to 5 students may use the program at the same time.
•There are 5, user modifiable, skill levels.
•The acceptable percent error may be changed as a student's skill
improves.
•A timer measures the number of seconds used to answer each
problem and the total time used for a series of problems.
•If a problem has been answered incorrectly, the student is told the
percent error and asked to try again.
• If a problem is answered incorrectly a second time, the student is
told the correct answer and the range of acceptable answers is
displayed.
•A report is given at the end of each set of problems that includes the
number of problems done, the number of problems answered cor-
rectly on the first try and the averaoe- percent error.
•The (BREAK) key has been disabled so that a child will not in-
advertently stop the program from running.
16K EXT. BASIC $19.95
TEACHERS' DATABASE is a program designed to allow a teacher to
keep a computerized file of information about his/her students. There
are many features that make this program particularly attractive.
• Information on as many as 100 students (or more) may be in the
computer at one time.
• Each student may have as many as 20 (or more) individual
items of data in his/her record.
• The program will run from cassette or disk.
• Cassette and disk files are completely compatable.
• The program is menu driven.
• Records may be easily changed, deleted, combined or
added.
• Information about students may be numerical or text.
• Records may be quickly alphabetized.
• Records may be sorted by various criteria.
• Records may be reordered (ranked) based on test scores or
other data.
• Data displayed during a sort may be printed on a printer or
saved on disk or cassette as a new file.
• A full statistical analysis of data may be done and sent to the
printer.
• Student test scores may be weighted.
32K EXT BASIC TAPE $39.95 DISC $42.95
• ADD $1.00 POSTAGE & HANDLING • TOP ROYALTIES PAID •
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April, 1983 the RAINBOW 73
As a professional management consultant, I use the CoCo
as a tool in my work nearly every day that I am not on the
road — and even then, I wish I had it with me. One of the
most useful software packages available is Spectaculator. I
have the ROM cartridge, but I understand that the disk is
even more versatile.
In order to use Spectaculator efficiently, I found that it is
best to set up a few "shells" (pre-designed data displays). I
find that by creating "user friendly" output displays (either
on screen or printed) I have been able to sell my concepts
and analysis much easier.
Included below are three shells that have been the most
useful. They are a budget layout, a travel estimator and an
expense report. These are presented as examples, and you
will want to modify these applications to your own needs.
BUDGET MODEL
The budget shell presented in Figure 1 (one page of a 30-
column budget) is used to estimate projects and model
alternative budgeting approaches. It saved one client nearly
$15 million! To use it, one simply loads the shell from a
Figure 1
##LABOR*#
TASK
ROTE TIME
TfiSK
TfiSK
TOTAL
COST TIME
COST TIME
COST TIME
COST
8
O
0
0
a
a
a
a
a
A
?
?
a
I
a
a
a
0
e
a
a
a
a
e
a
0
e
0
c
0
0
e
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL WAGES
FRINGE 0 30.00*
TOT COMPENSATION
OVERHEAD 9 40*
TOT COMP. ft OVHD
•DIRECT CHARGES*
RATE
# COST
# COST
f
COST
I
COST
1
»
0
a
a
0
a
a
a
a
0
a
o
a
a
a
;
0
a
a
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a
a
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e
a
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a
a
a
0
a
a
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0
a
a
a
a
TOTAL DIRECT CHG
TOTAL PRIME COST
GftA 9 13*
TOTAL COSTS
FIXED FEE
TOTAL CftFF
cassette using the LO "load" command. Next, using the ET
"enter text" command, enter the title of the budget on the
top and list the direct labor and direct charge items in the
spaces in column 1. If more space is needed, the IR "insert
row" command does this quite nicely. Next, one may either
use the existing task titles or modify them to suit the
particular budget. I frequently change them to months of the
year.
The next step is to use the EN "enter number" command
to enter the rates and times for each labor item. On direct
charges, I frequently wish to enter amounts directly and set
the rate at 1.00.
SETTING UP THE BUDGET SHELL (12 task/month
budget)
ENTER
Set Column Widths
CW
1, 16
Set Lines and Text
ET
(see shell)
COMMENT
Enter "column width" command
Allows 16 letters in column 1
Enter "enter text" command
Enter lines or other characters to give
the desired appearance. Note that
Column 2 is "rate" Col. 3 is time and
Col. 4 is cost. This pattern continues
to repeat itself for the remaining
months or tasks. Note that Cols. 17
and 18 are an interim total (see
formula below).
The dash (minus sign) is used to
suppress unwanted calculations. In
the sample shell, for example, they
are used to suppress time being
multiplied by fringe benefits. Any
non-numeric character will do.
Enter Column
Formula
CF
(set cursor on
Column number
and enter formula
listed)
COL. Formula
Enter "column formula" command
74
the RAINBOW April, 1983
4 IC2*C3 Calculates the Cost of task I by
multiplying the rate by the time of
task I. (Uses the integer value)
6 IC2*C5
8 IC2*C7
10 IC2*C9
12 IC2*CII
14 IC2*CI3
16 IC2*CI5
17 IC3+C5+C7+
C9+CI2+CI3+CI5
18 IC2*C17
20 IC2*C19
22 IC2*C21
24 IC2*C23
26 IC2*C25
28 IC2*C27
29 IC17+C19+ This sums up the interim total and
C21+C23+C25+C27 subsequent data.
30 IC2*29
This is needed to calculate an interim
total due to the limit on formula
length.
50 IR48+49
51 IR50*0.I0
52 IR50+R5I
Tips On Use
Calculate total costs
Calculates profit or fee (10%)
Calculates total cost plus fixed fee
After entering data delete unused columns and rows. The
formula will be automatically adjusted. It reduces
calculation time and makes a better looking printout. If you
want the left hand stub printed on each page, simply delete
the already printed columns after printing each page.
Zeroes are entered under each time and # designation on
this and the other budget shells. This serves two functions.
The first is to assure the SUM command will work. A gap
(no entry) causes this command to not function properly.
The second function is to provide a pointer on where to enter
data if the column heads are not visible.
TRAVEL ESTIMATOR
The travel estimator (See Figure 2) is a very simple yet handy
shell. To use it I enter the trip plan using the ET "enter text"
command — for example: "Boston-NY." Then using the EN
"enter number" command I enter the number of trips, the
estimated number of ground transportation and perdiem
required.
I wanted this to fit on one page so I substantially modified
the standard column widths.
Figure 2
25 ISUMRI0
26 IR25*0.30
27 IR25+26
28 IR27*0.40
29 IR27+28
47 ISUMR33
48 IR29+R47
49 IR48*0.I5
Total wages adds all wages from the
beginning of labor (Row 10) and
gives the integer value.
Calculates the fringe rate (30%)
Calculates total compensation
Calculates overhead rate (40%)
Calculates total compensation
Totals all direct charges from row 33
down
Adds labor and direct for total prime
cost
Calculates G & A (15%)
TRI P PLAN
AIR TRAVEL
GROUND TRANS
NQ RATE
COST NO RATE COST
0
0
e
0
0
0
0
0
B
e
a
0
0
0
?
ft
{
PERDIEM
NO RATE
I 0
t 0
1 0
1 A
1 A
1 0
1 0
] ?
] 0
i &
TOTAL
TRAVEL
COST COST
TOTAL
SETTING UP THE TRAVEL ESTIMATOR SHELL
ENTER COMMENT
Set Column Widths
cw
Enter "column width" command
Figure 3
I, 20
2,4
3,4
4,9
5,4
6,4
7,9
8,4
9,4
10,8
II, 7
Set Lines and Text
ET
(see shell)
Sets each column width
Enter "enter text" command
Note that the dashes (minus signs) at
the bottom of the Number and rate
columns are used to surpress data.
Set Column Form-
ulas
CF
(set cursor on
column number
and enter formula
listed)
COL. Formula
4 C2*C3
7 C5*C6
10 C8*C9
11 C4+C7+CI0
Enter Row Form-
ula
21 SUMRIO
Enter "column formula" command
Calculate air travel costs
Calculate ground trans, costs
Calculate perdiem costs
Calculates total travel costs
Provides total by mode of travel and
grand total costs
EXPENSE REPORT
When traveling I often am working for different clients or
on different projects. This requires a detailed expense report
allowing trips or charges to be separately charged. To do this
I use the expense report shell presented in Figure 3. In order
to keep up with the paper work 1 keep a weekly summary of
expenses and save it on tape. 1 keep adding to it until theend
of the month, print it out and submit it (for once without
math errors — much to my accountant's delight).
EDUCATIONAL TAPES for your CoCo
"Extended Basic"
SPELLER'S TAPE - Spelling words are selected In random
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your own words In - IDEAL FOR THE CLASSROOM.
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MATH I - Addition & subtraction from single digit to three digit
you decide - complete documentation - easily altered
MATH II - Addition up to four digit, four numbers & up to five
digit subtraction.
Coming - MATH III DIVISION MATH IV MUTIPLICATION
$14.95
Written by a teacher
for teachers
Educational Programming Service
1145 S. Park St.
Shawano, Wl 64166
EXPENSE
♦DOTE* **««EXPENSE ITEM
DETAILED EXPENSE REPORT
FOR THE PERIOD
TO
CHARGE TO THE FOLLOWING ACCOUNTS
NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER TOTAL
B
a
a
ft
B
&
a
ft
0
B
a
a
1
ft
A
a
a
ft
ft
I
a
0
0
ft
a
0
a
0
a
0
a
0
a
a
^
a
0
a
a
a
0
0
a
a
■
0
a
a
a
0
a
a
a
a
—
0
a
0
a
e 4
0
a
a
a
0
a
1
a
0
a
a
ft
0
a
a
?
0
0
a
a
0
0
e
a
ft
0
a
a
a
ft
0
a
a
ft
a
a
a
0
ft
a
a
a
a
ft
a
a
a
ft
a
0
a
l
0
a
a
a
a
0
a
a
a
a
0
0
0
a
a
ft
0
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
0
a
a
a
a
&
a
a
0
a
a
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0
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■
a
i
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*
0
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a
0
♦TOTAL*
SETTING UP THE EXPENSE REPORT SHELL
ENTER
Set Column Width
CW
2,27
Set Lines and Text
ET
(see shell)
Enter Column
Formula
COMMENTS
Enter "column width" command
Allows maximum space for item
description
Enter "enter text" command
Enter titles, lines and information to
suit individual needs.
CF
(set cursor on
column number
and enter formula
listed)
Col. Formula
8 SUMC3
Enter Row Form-
ula
RF
52 SUMRI2
Enter "column formula" command
Enter "row formula" command
Sums all expense items from the
beginning (Row 1 2)
If the entry of these shells is more difficult than you may
wish to attempt, the author will provide them to you on tape.
Send $15 to Robert W. Ericson, 5 Carriage Dr., Acton MA
01720. He is also available to set up special shell
requirements for your personal needs. Please contact him
directly. ^
76
the RAINBOW April, 1983
Utility . . .
Keytones Provides
Auditory Feedback
By James Provost
Keytones is designed to produce a tone through the TV
speaker every time a key is pressed.
The frequency of the tone may be changed using the
SOUND command (e.g. SOUND 225,1), but the duration
of the tone is set at one.
The user simply keys in the program, runs it and beeps
away. This program is useful when punching in a set of
numbers. The tone represents positive feedback for each
keypress. This method eliminates the need to visually check
the screen each time a number is entered. It thus becomes an
added utility.
(At Rainbow, we like the effectcreated when you'vetyped
in a line and then hit shift and left arrow key.)
My thanks to Kenneth G. DeahPs article in the February
1983 issue of the Rainbow. His reference to the RAM Hook
sparked my inspiration.
The listing:
1 REM KEYTONES
2 REM BY JAMES PROVOST
10 FOR X=1536 TO 1551
20 READ A: POKE X,A
30 NEXT
40 POKE 360, 6: POKE 361,00
50 DATA 52, 86, 198, 1, 134, 4,
61, 253, 0, 141
60 DATA 189, 169, 86, 53, 86, 57
Hacker's Helper. . .
Put Your Numbers
In A Row
Mike Hall, of Hartland, WI, offers this programming
quickie for anyone who needs to right justify numbers (that
is, line them up properly for adding, subtracting, etc.). As
written, it is for adding two numbers, but once the simple
principle is learned, it can be readily adapted to whatever
your individual needs may require. Just expand the program
by providing for more number inputs (similar to lines 10 and
20) and move the celebrated "bottom line," created in line
120, farther down the screen by using, say, PRINT@ 106 or
PRINT@ 138, etc. (increments of 32 — or, refer to a
PRINT@ worksheet).
The listing:
1 'RIGHT JUSTIFIED NUMBERS
5 'USE NUMBERS LESS THAN 100000
10 CLS: INPUT "FIRST NUMBER"; A
20 INPUT "SECOND NUMBER" ;B
30 CLS: C=A: X=10:GOSUB60
40 C=B: X=42:GOSUB60
50 FOR Z= 1 TO 999: NEXT: GOTO 10
60 P=X
70 IF C< 10000 THEN P^X+1
80 IF C<1000 THEN P=X+2
90 IF C<100 THEN P=X+3
100 IF C<10 THEN P=X+4
110 print@p,c:print@41, "+";
120 PRINT674, " "
130 RETURN
TRS-80* COLOR COMPUTER*
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-For either cassette or diskette systems (Be sure to specify).
-Place an order of at least $40 and get one extra of your choice free.
-Orders shipped on cassette - Add $5 for shipment on diskette.
-FURST-
Data Element Dictionary driven File Update and
Retrieval SysTem. Create and maintain files according
to your specifications. Ideas for applications in-
cluded $25
-MAILING LABELS- WE?
Generate and maintain mailing label records. Selective-
ly print desired quantities. Can keep several label files if
desired. Designed for Printer VII, easily modified. $20
-REPORT WRITER-
Used in conjunction with FURST to selectively format
reports on your printer. Includes headings and total
capabilities $15
AAINBOW
-EXERCISE PLANNER-
Build and maintain complete exercise schedule for
regular and/or weight programs. Display guides you
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-DISK DIRECTORY PRINT-
For diskette users only. Get hard copy of disk directories on your printer for easy use and reference. Only $5
RAINBOW
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Send check or money order to:
LAND SYSTEMS
MSA* P.O. Box 232
Bellbrook, Ohio 45305
r t i
[MasterCard!
LiZJ
*TRS-80 and COLOR COMPUTER
are Trademarks of Tandy Corp.
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 77
COMMUNICATIONS
Data Communications
And Your Color Computer
By Harry Hardy
In today's world, more and more microprocessor owners
have a need to go on-line to another computer, usually a
large mainframe or some of the more powerful minis.
Maybe they want toaccessa local bulletin board, orevendo
their shopping and banking at home. There are numerous
on-line applications, therefore, it is beyond the scope of this
article to cover them. What I hope to do is explain the
function of the hardware and software required to get
on-line.
"More than likely, you will connect
your modem to your Color Computer
and a telephone. This method allows
you to use what is called the switched
network. In other words, after you are
all connected, you use your telephone
to dial the remote DTE just like a regu-
lar phone call "
On-line simply means establishing a direct connection
between our terminal, i.e., Color Computer, and another
terminal or computer.
Throughout this article, I shall refer to both our Color
Computer and the remote device, whether it be another
computer or a terminal, as Data Terminal Equipment
(DTE).
I'm sure that if you have checked into the requirements of
accessing some of the local bulletin boards you have found
out that you need a modem and a special software package
to run on your Color Computer. Maybe you already have
these items. Whether or not that is the case, maybe you don't
understand how modems work.
Let's take a look at the modem. Why do we need this? Up
until the last few years, in order to get two or more pieces of
data terminal equipment (DTE) to communicate with each
other you had to use your local telephone company's
switching equipment.
This equipment was designed to transmit voice or analog
signals whether across the street or across country. These
facilities work great for this; however, your DTE puts out
what is known as a digital signal. This digital signal is
incompatible with the existing telephone voice network.
That's where our modem comes in. Modem is an acronym
for MOdulator, DEModulator. Different types of modems
can do different things; however, since we are primarily
interested in what it does for our Color Computer let's just
say that its primary function is to take your Color
Computer's digital signal, and convert it to ananalogsignal
for transmission over the telephone lines. At the other end,
there is also a modem that takes the analog signal and
converts it back to the digital signal for the remote DTE, the
same as our modem will do for any replies from the remote
DTE.
There are a couple of ways to connectyour modem to the
telephone network. More than likely, you willconnectyour
modem to your Color Computer and a telephone. This
method allows you to use what is called the switched
network. I n other words, after you are all connected, you use
your telephone to dial the remote DTE just like a regular
phone call. Once the remote DTE answers your call you hear
a high pitched tone, then you may or may not, depending on
your modem, simply hang up the telephone and proceed to
log on to the remote system.
The other method is to have a "dedicated" telephone line
between your system and the remote system. This kind of
connection eliminates the requirement of a telephone to dial
the remote system, but the hardware to use such a
connection is expensive. I only mention using dedicated
lines for those who are unfamiliar with data
communications so you will know that there are other
means to establish a direct connection between DTEs. No
matter which method is used to connect these devices, what
we now have established is what is known as a data link.
Once we have established our data link there is a certain
line discipline or protocol that has to be followed in order to
communicate with the remote DTE. This is where that
special software package you have to buy comes in.
The type of transmission we will be doing between our
Color Computer and the remote DTE is called
asynchronous transmission. Asynchronous transmission is
a type of protocol and is defined as "that type of
transmission that sends one character at a time and lacks
any continuous synchronous agreement between the
DTEs." Normally, this character consists of 8 to 1 1 bits.
Let's back up a minute for those newcomers who may not
know what a bit is. A bit is the smallest unit of information
within a computer system. This unit of information is an
electrical charge that is either off (0 state) or on (1 state). A
sequence of seven 0s and 1 s are used to make up a character
in the Color Computer. These seven bits are referred to as
ASCII codes. For example, the ASCII code for the letter
"A" within your computer is represented by the seven bits
1000001. Please note that not all computers use ASCII
codes internally to represent characters; however, we will
not get into those type of codes here.
Just a bit of history on ASCII. This code was first
developed in 1963. The letters stand for "the American
National Standard Code for Information Interchange,"also
called ANSCII. The version modified in 1967 is called
ASCII II and is the same code that is referred to as ASCII
today.
Our Color Computer uses ASCII code to represent all of
78 the RAINBOW April, 1983
its letters, numbers and special characters.
I heard that. Someone out there said, "Hey, I thought my
computerstored things inhexadecimalor Hex." Let's take a
moment to look at that. I don't want anyone to become
confused between ASCII and Hex.
Hexadecimal is a numbering system with a base of 16
characters as opposed to 10 in the more familiar decimal
system. The numbers0-9and the letters A-Fare used. Eight
bits, or one byte as it is called, makes up a hexadecimal
character. Your Color Computer uses the Hex numbers for
computations and addressing, etc.
Now suppose we PEEKedat a byte of memory and found
the Hex character there was a 4 1 . Remember I said each byte
was made up of 8 bits, well, if you were to look at each bit,
that Hex 41 would look like this: 01000001. That value, if
converted to a decimal, would be 65. Now, suppose we
wanted to print this byte of data, what do you think would
come out on the printer? Give that personin Baltimorean A,
for that's exactly what would print, the letter A. Now,
suppose that location we PEEKed at had a Hex FF in it, and
we tried to print it, what do you think would happen?That's
right, nothing would print. Why? Well, that Hex FF,
although it is a valid Hex character, is an invalid ASCII
character. So, in essence, we can say that your computer
stores ASCII characters as if they were Hexcharacters. (For
a more in-depth look at Hex, see the article, "All You
Wanted To Know About Hex," in this issue.)
But wait a minute, I thought thatan ASCII character only
had seven bits, what about that 0 in bit 8 (counting from
right to left). Remember, I said that to transmit a single
seven-bit ASCII character usually 8 to 1 1 bits would be sent
out over the telephone line. Well, let's see if we can
understand why.
I will use for our example the printer driver built into our
Color Computer. This routine is similar to an output routine
found in software packages required to communicate with a
remote DTE. Depending on which version of Color BASIC
you have, the number of bits sent to the printer is either 9 or
10. I will be using version 1.1 since it most resembles an
asynchronous output driver. Our Color Computer will be
using an asynchronous line discipline when we go on-line
with a remote DTE. Well, this protocol uses framing bits
called start and stop bits to surround each character. The
start bit will precede the character and the stop bit will
follow the character. Remember, asynchronous protocol is
"that type of protocol that sends one character at a time, and
lacks any continuous synchronous agreement between
DTEs."
Without getting into the electronics of our modem, let's
just say that these start and stop bits are used to help get the
receive modem synchronized with the sending modem. This
synchronization is required so that bits are not lost before
we get them.
These bits are used by the protocol also as framing
characters. How do they get there and what happens to
them? Simply put, they are added by the sending end and
removed by the receiving end. Let's see why. Look at our
version 1 . 1 printer driver again. This driver sends eight data
bits preceded by one start bit and followed by one stop bit.
The start bit is a 0 bit while the stop bit is a 1 . Imagine now
that our printer is a remote DTE. When the remote DTE
sees the 0 bit or start bit it knows that the next eight bits
represent a character that it has to act upon. It will then
assemble these eight bits and, in our case, print it. The stop
bit will indicate to our remote DTE the end of the character
and start monitoring the line for another start bit. (Although
our driver is sending only one stop bit, two stop bits may be
more common. In either case, each end will have to be aware
of the actual number.)
You may be wondering why even send a stop bit. Why
can't we just start looking for anotherstart bit, or even better
yet just assemble each group of eight bits for a character?
Well, we just can't arbitrarily assemble bits and expect to get
meaningful data. Suppose our DTE just sent the data bits.
During this transmission, let's also suppose, for whatever
reason, that one of these bits gets destroyed. We would now
start assembling bits from two characters that could cause
some strange results.
Now you know what those extra bits are, and what their
purposes are; well, almost all of them. Remember, I said our
driver sends eight data bits, not seven. We know that seven
bits make up an ASCII character. What is that extra bit for?
That eighth bit serves another purpose in asynchronous
protocol. That purpose is a parity bit. This parity bit is a
method of error detection. There are three terms used for
this parity checking; even parity, odd parity, and no parity.
The method chosen is up to the designer of the DTE,
therefore, our communications software must know which
method is used at the remote end. Let's take a look at these
methods.
First, even parity. It has been my experience that this
method is the most common one used. (I know as soon as
you read this the first terminal you will see will use one of the
other two; Murphy's law is sure to get me.)
What your software does using the even parity method is
this: it counts the seven data bits of the ASCII character. If
the total number of 1 bits is an odd number it sets the eighth
bit to a 1 , thus ensuring an even number of 1 bits. If that total
is even, it leaves the eighth bit a 0. Look at our letter A again.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
ABOUT SUBSCRIPTIONS
The "May" issue of the Rainbow will carry a cover date of
June this year. As far as the cover dates are concerned, there
will be no May issue.
The reason for this is simply a cosmetic one. We would
prefer, and think that you would prefer, to get a particular
issue of the Rainbow in advance of the month which appears
on the cover rather than in the middle of the month which
appears on the cover.
What this means is that your June issue will arrive before
the first of June, and that our big July Anniversary issue will
be in your hands before the first of July.
There will be no "break" in magazines and absolutely no
change in the number of issues you will receive. This will be
obvious from next month's (not this month's) subscription
label — which will show an expiration date one month later
than the date shown this month.
You will still get 1 2 issues of the Rainbow with a year's
subscription. All the change means is that your subscription
will "expire" one month later than usual. And, you will still
get a copy of the Rainbow every single month at about the
same time. The only difference is that it will appear that you
get your subscription copy "earlier" than before.
So, you will not be "missing" an issue in May. But the
issue which arrives in May will carry a June cover date.
That's actually the only difference — a cosmetic one which
will make it appear that you get your Rainbow earlier than
before.
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 79
The bits f or an A are 1 00000 1 . 1 f we add these up, you can see
that we have an even number of I bits, theref ore, that eighth
bit would remain a 0; however, the letter C consists of these
seven bits, 100001 1. Since these bits will add up to an odd
number of I bits, we would set that eighth bit to I giving us
an even number of I bits.
Odd parity works just the opposite. If the total number of
I bits is odd, then bit 8 is left 0. If the total is even, the eighth
bit is set to a 1.
The last one, no parity, means just that. The eighth bit is
left as is, 0. This is the method our 1 . 1 printer driver uses.
After all, it is unlikely, given the short distance a bit has to
travel from your printer port to the printer, that it would
ever get destroyed.
What about the receiving station? It does basically the
same thing. It counts the seven data bits and, according to
which method is being used, checks the eighth bit
accordingly. If it's not what it should be, then we know that
there was some type of transmission error. As with our
printer driver, chances are the communications software
you buy will use the no parity method of transmission. You
will see why in a moment. The only way you will know if
there was an error is by one of the oldest methods used. The
receiving end simply echoes the character it received back to
the sending end — you. If the character displayed
corresponds to what you entered, all is okay; if not, you
know immediately that something went wrong. You can
probably see the problems with this method. You don't
know if the bad character was due to an error at your end at
transmission time, or at the other end, when the character
was echoed back.
While parity checking adds to the ability of our system to
detect errors, it also has its flaws. Consider, if you will, that
some type of error caused two bits to change value, i.e.,
01000001 was changed to 01000010, we still have a valid
parity check and even a valid character, but it is not the
character sent. That 01000001 is the letter A, which is what
was sent; however, the 01000010 is the letter B.
What to do about these transmission errors? Well, all the
software that I'm familiar with, at least for the Color
Computer, doesn't do anything with these types of errors
except try to display them on your screen whether they are
responses from the remote DTE or your transmission being
echoed back. The reason is simple. The more sophisticated
error detection methods, especially error recovery, are
costly to implement and, for the most part — I realize there
may be exceptions — are not implemented in asynchronous
protocols for the smaller micros.
But, really, do we need that type of sophistication when all
we want to do is access our local bulletin boards? I don't
think so. Besides, although it may sound like transmission
errors are a real big problem f or you, they probably are not.
If you are having some problems, chances are it could be in
the telephone connection you have. After all, using the
switched network for data transmission is not the best
method, but, in our case, we probably would rather sacrifice
quality for cost. If errors are a continuing problem for you, it
may be in your modem. Maybe you should have it checked.
Next month, I will cover ingreaterdetail some of the error
detection and recovery methods that can be used, and
introduce you to some new terms describing three modes of
data transmission.
I hope you now have a better understanding of what that
modem and the special software package you must buy, or
have bought, does for you and your Color Computer.
Software Review . . .
A Tine' Weather Program
Is Weather Watch
Do you want to track weather trends in your area, or
study how the temperature affects energy use in your house?
Weather Watch can help. 1 1 won't predict the weather, or tell
you when to wear your galoshes, but it does provide a
convenient file of weather data.
Weather Watch is a package of three programs. The first,
Daily Data Entry, allows you to enter each day's high and
low temperatures, and amount of precipitation, and store it
on tape. The third program, Daily Entry View, allows you to
review one day's data previously stored.
The second program, Monthly Summary, is the heart of
the package. It reads a month's worth of data from tape, and
summarizes it in every imaginable way. It repeats the data
you entered, and gives the daily average, range, and number
of heating and cooling degree days. Heating degree days are
the number of degrees the daily average is below 65 degrees.
Cooling degree days use degrees above 65. These provide a
good indication of how much you will have to heat or cool
your house. The program then summarizes monthly totals,
maximums and minimums. The report is nicely formatted,
in tabular form, and it is easy to find the data your want.
You may either display the monthly report on your screen,
or send it to your printer.
While the program perf orms all the f unctions described in
the manual, it has some flaws. The most serious is with data
formats. In programs I and 3, dates must be typed in exactly
this format: JUL/03/82. If you type JUL/3/82 instead, the
program will be unable to find your data later. While a
regular user would quickly get used to the required f ormat, a
single error could ruin an entire month's data tape. There's
really no excuse for not adding the few lines of code neces-
sary to verify the format.
In addition to this design flaw, there's an actual bug in the
second program. If you store two months' data on one tape,
the program will read the first month's data, regardless of
which you request. The distributors have assured me this
bug is being corrected.
If you study the weather seriously, then you might need a
more sophisticated analysis than this package provides. But
if you want to record and summarize daily temperature and
precipitation data and the other functions provided here,
this program is "fine."
(Petrocci FreeLance Associates, 651 N. Houghton Rd., Tuc-
son, AZ 85748, $24.95)
—David Finkel
$14.95 ML Character Set for XPVXI - Real DtMnfan
^Transparent to user - Specify 16K or 32K
-ex: Varying Style* Available
$9.95 MLDISK - Printa H. L. prog. start, Stop, transfer
>*viT~aa from disk, Extended Basic req'd
$14.95 Uatnmnt Plight Simxlator -high perf jet,
easy to use, JOT A GAME, Extended Basic req'd
Also, for PC-1 m^ktretr $9.95
WE HAVE GDLCRPECE by Intraoolorl
KRT SoftV^re <813>-321-2840
P.O. Box 41395 . St. Petersburg, FL 33743 .
80 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Hardware Review . . .
Super-Pro Keyboard Is An
Excellent Hardware Offering
The newest entry in the replacement keyboard sweep-
stakes is a fine piece of hardware f rom Mark Data Products
called the Super-Pro. It is aptly named — it is super and it is
professional, too.
We confess that we always liked the CoCo keyboard.
Although the numbers of people who said something less
than complementary about the "flat" and "shallow" CoCo
keyboard were and are many in number, it always appealed
to us. In fact, we were able to do some of the fastest typing
we ever did with the CoCo keyboard.
But in all honesty, we like the Super- Pro j ust as well. And,
we are certain, touch-typists will think it a vast improve-
ment. Here at the Rainbow, those who do touch-type like it
a whole lot better.
For our part, the feel is excellent and the keys have the
proper amount of "give" that make you feel like you are
getting some feedback from what you put in — but not too
much. The keytops are gently sculptured and the letters are
large size. Yes, throughly professional.
The Super-Pro appears to be very much like (if not
exactly like) the Model I keyboard — but there is no
"bounce." We tried to make it bounce, but were not success-
ful. The keys are all the same color, which may or may not be
an advantage for you.
What is an advantage is that the keyboard layout is
exactly the same as that of the CoCo. So, asidefroma better
feel and more dressed up appearance, you do not have to
"relearn"the keyboard. A decided bonus.
The Super-Pro isadvertisedas a kit, and, in the most strict
sense of the word, that's what it is. There is a little more to
the installation than just plugging it it, but not a great deal
more.
You install Super-Pro by opening the CoCo case, unplug-
ging the old keyboard connector, and positioning the Super-
Pro into the empty space. The keyboard has four little
adhesive pads which can be used to stick it firmly to the
bottom of the case.
The worst part of this whole process was dealing with a
plastic post that sticks up in the middle of the bottom of the
CoCo's case. The post has to be partly cut off — for which
you need some sharp cutters. The Super-Pro instructions
say that the post is not needed, even if you decide to put the
old keyboard back in. We were able to confirm that.
A couple of plastic washers are also supplied to even up a
dressing panel which "fills in" the space between the CoCo
case and the Super-Pro when you put your computer back
together. Dealing with this dressing panel looked like it was
going to be complicated, but was not.
All in all, installation took about 15 minutes. And that
included the time it took to cut off the top of the little post.
No big deal, not even for someone who is not especially
handy. Having the dressing panel provided a bonus in that it
made it easier to plug the Super-Pro into the computer.
Some Color Computers — those built after about
October, 1982 — and all TDP-IOCTs require a special adapter
to mate the keyboard with the computer. This is an easy
procedure to follow, however, and would add about a min-
ute to the installation time.
The Super- Pro has been with us for several weeks now.
Our touch-typists like it a great deal and those of us who
hunt and peck also find it to be an improvement over the
CoCo keyboard.
In sum, Super-Pro is an excellent and high quality key-
board that answers a real need voiced by many CoCo
owners. If you are searching for a replacement keyboard, it
is an excellent buy.
(Mark Data Products, 24001 Alicia Parkway, No. 226, Mis-
sion Viejo, CA 92691, $69.95; adapter, if needed, $4.98
additional)
—Lawrence C. Falk
PoEDIT License...
BASIC Shakespeare
By H. Allen Curtis
Oh what a rogue AND peasant SAVE am I.
All the world's a SCREEN.
The PLAYs the thing.
TO GO OR NOT TO GO.
My kingDIM FOR a MOTOR.
Ah, that's the RUN.
SomeSTRINGS rotten in REMark.
SOUND AND fury, SGNifying nothing.
Is that a JOYSTK which I see beFORe me?
AUDIO, AUDIO, whereFORe art thou, AUDIO?
RESET damn spot.
DIMension is the better part of VAL OR.
All's DEL that ENDs DEL.
Good-night, sweet PRINTs.
CANADIANS!
GET YOUR SOFTWARE
HERE IN CANADA
No Hassle, No Duty and
No Converting the Dollar
Computerware
P AC ATTACK II $29.95
DOODLE BUG $29.95
RAIL RUNNER $26.95
SPACE AMBUSH $26.95
EL DIABLERO $24.95
Tom Mix Software
DONKEY KING $29.95
KATERPILLAR ATTACK $29.95
WAR KINGS $24.95
Spectral Associates
GALAX ATTAX $26.95
SPACE WAR $26.95
GHOST GOBBLER $26.95
Order Now or write for our
complete software list.
TABBY ENTERPRISES
Box 1353 R.R. 1
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia,
B5A 4A5
(902) 649-2965
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 81
UTILITY
HI^HIH^^DHHiC
Paging Down Memory Lane:
It May Look Like Garbage, But It's Gold
By Richard Krankoski
This program gives you a look at memory in real time. It's
original purpose was to look for command words in a
machine language Adventure game, but it became a visual
aid tool used with some CoCo tutorials and "how-it-works"
articles. By selecting blocks of memory or "pages," you can
see the buffer areas in low RAM as they are accessed and
changed, the operation of the stack, the structure of the
program itself, and the execution or results of many BASIC
instructions. The program can also be used to examine text
or graphics of other programs.
The program works by controlling the video screen dis-
play offset registers and the display mode registers in the
SAM and VDG hardware. Lines 160 through 210 control
the display offset in increments of 512 bytes. Lines 310
through 360 control the display mode, either text or one of
the PMODEs in color set 1 .
"In the text mode, the screen displays
the contents of 512 consecutive bytes
of memory in the form of 16 lines by 32
characters per line. "
The following control keys are used:
UP ARROW/ DOWN ARROW— increments or decre-
ments the display offset by 512 bytes.
"T"— selects the TEXT mode.
"O" through "4"— select the graphics PMODE in color
set I.
"N" — displays a message to let you specify a particular
page number.
"#" — displays the message screen that tells what part of
memory is being displayed.
"E" — executes any instructions that you add between
lines 400 and 500.
Note that we are defining a page as being 5 1 2 consecutive
bytes of memory. Page 0 consists of memory locations 0
through 511. Page 1 consists of memory locations 512
through 1023. We are referencing the page size to the text
mode, so don't confuse the pages with those mentioned in
articles about graphics. In the text mode, the screen displays
the contents of 5 1 2 consecutive bytes of memory in the form
of 16 lines by 32 characters per line.
What you will see displayed in the text mode is a screen
code equivalent of the value stored in a memory location.
This is not always the same as the ASCII character. For
example, a byte value of zero will be displayed as an inverse
video @ sign. You can find a list of the differences on the
Nanos System reference card for the Color Computer. To
see the difference, run the short program in Listing I.
The reference card is handy for determining the value of
an address while looking at the screen. Be careful of getting a
byte value in the buffer areas by PEEKing the address,
because you are looking at the memory value in real time. If
you change the running conditions, you may change that
address's value.
When agraphics mode is selected, the amount of memory
displayed increases to 1 536 bytes for PMODE 0, 3072 bytes
for PMODES I and 2, and 6144 bytes for PMODES 3 and
4. H owever, the memory page reference will still refer to the
text screen page size of 512 bytes, and the arrow keys will
still change the offset by 5 1 2 bytes. Therefore, in a graphics
mode, the message screen page number will refer to the first
5 1 2 bytes of memory being displayed and not to a graphics
page number.
Listing I:
SCREEN CODE VS ASCII CODE
1 CLS
2 FOR V=0 TO 255
3 PRINT @ 32, V
4 POKE 1066,V
5 PRINT @ 46, CHR$(V)
6 FOR T=I TO 300: NEXT T
7 NEXT V
If you want to follow along on a short guided tour
through the program and through RAM it will be helpful to
start from the same point. Before loading in the program,
turn your computer of f and then back on so that we have the
same initial conditions and a "clean" memory. Also, if you
have more than 16K of RAM, do a CLEAR 200, &H3FF.F
in the direct mode. This will bring the stack and CLE A Red
area to the top of the 16K space. Certain hardware configu-
rations such as my piggyback RAMS on a REV D board
will not display an offset above address S3FFF.
Load and RUN the program. The prompt will ask for a
page number from 0 to 3 1 . (Remember, my display limit is
1 6K whichis 32 pages.) ENTER0. Thenext screen tellsyou
what part of memory will be displayed. Press ENTER. You
now see the first 5 1 2 bytes of RAM and can see that there is a
lot of activity. CoCo is doing a lot more than checking for a
keypress in the PAGER program.
If you loaded in from tape you will see the program name
near the bottom-right of the screen. Trying hitting some
82 the RAINBOW April, 1983
keys other than control keys and you will find a keyboard
buffer. To find the two byte timer, press the shift and "(g)"
keys at the same time. Everything else comes to a stop. You
may wanttogetyourcopy of Rainbow, August 1982, which
has a list and description of some of the addresses in this part
of memory. It shows the timer addresses as (HEX) 1 12 and
1 13. Press one of the keys repeatedly and watch addresses
(HEX) 24 and 26 (decimal 36 and 38) near the start of the
second line. These locations appear to be some kind of
keystroke counters.
If you hit the "E" key you will execute the SOUND
instruction in line 410. Before moving on, BREAK the
program and add line 420.
420 Q=JOYSTK(0):GOTO420
RUN and go back to pageO, then hit the "E"key. By moving
the joysticks you will find the four addresses that store the
joystick pot values. To go on, you will have to BREA K and
delete line 420, then RUN.
Go back to page 0, then hit the up arrow. This puts you on
page 1 , a quieter workspace with a lot of bytesdisplaying the
inverse video @ sign which is a value of zero. In the center of
this area is a large I / O buffer. You will probably see a part of
the program or a part of your keyboard entries here. A few
addresses have nonzero values that change under certain
conditions but I haven't found a source that identifies them
(hex 729-732 and hex 981-991).
Hit the up arrow again — just one time. It looks like a
normal text screen. Everything is there except the cursor.
That's because we moved up to page 2 which is the memory
area normally used to display text, except that we are not in
a normal text mode. Therefore, no cursor. We have changed
the display offset registers but have not executed a text
screen function such as INPUT A$. What you see is what-
ever was last displayed in a normal BASIC text mode which
puts its data into memory locations hex 400 to hex 5FF. If
you have followed along faithfully the top of the screen
should say, "PAGE 0 OF TEXT MODE" along with page
zero's address data. Now, hit the "#" key and the proper data
is put on the screen along with the cursor. Since you are
displaying page 2, when you hit ENTER there will be no
changeexceptthat the cursor will goaway because weareat
the INKEYS part of our program.
If you have seen a machine language program that puts a
display on the screen while it continues to load, you can now
see how it is accomplished. The program begins loading
somewhere below page two and the values loaded into
addresses hex 400 to 5FF are those required to put a
SET/ RESET graphics block picture together.
Hit the up arrow again. You will see bands of @ signs and
bands of orange. A solid orange block results from a byte
value of 255. This data is put into memory during the
start-up routine when the computer is turned on. Every 128
bytes you will see one or two bytes with values other than 0
or 255. I don't know what their significance is. They are
different values from one power up to another.
Now is as good a time as any to introduce the graphics
modes, so try the "0" through "4" keys. Hit the 4 key to get
into PMODE 4, then SHIFT #. The screen now tells you
what part of memory is being displayed. It should say
WORD PROCESSOR
for only $9.95! What?
Yes! That's right, because we want to create some excitement with an intro-
ductory offer you can't pass up — a professional quality full screen oriented word
processor that would be a bargain at $50. It's a good one too. Take a look at what
you get.
WORDMASTER's FULL SCREEN-ORIENTED EDITOR allowsyou to move the
cursoranywhere in your text using the up, down, right and left arrows. Do this one
character at a time or by line or page. Insert, delete or replace text at the cursor
watching your changes as you make them. Delete or move blocks of text from one
place to another. Merge in textfrom other files.
AUTOMATIC CARRIAGE RETURN after last complete word on each line; with
this and AUTOMATIC PAGE FEED you don't have to worry about where a line or
page ends — just type!
WORDMASTER runs on a 1 6K, 32K, or 64K COLOR COMPUTER, taking ad-
vantage of all available memory. Use it with DISK OR CASSETTE based systems.
EXTENDED BASIC IS NOT REQUIRED.
EASY TO UNDERSTAND MANUAL has you comfortably using WORDMAS-
TER in minutes. It is a USER-FRIENDLY MENU-DRIVEN SYSTEM with single
lettercommands. Check any command without having to refer to the manual with
theHELPSCREEN.
10 PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTION KEYS allow easy insertion of frequently
used words or phrases.
WORKS WITH ANY PRINTER. Take full advantage of your printer's special
functions such as variable character size and emphasized characters with EASY
EMBEDDING OF PRINTER CONTROL CODES.
GLOBAL SEARCH function lets you quickly locate specific strings for replace-
ment or deletion.
Customize form letters or standard text with WORDMASTER's EMBEDDED
PAUSE feature. Jusf'f ill in the blanks" when your printer pauses for a personalized
appearance.
LIMITED MULTI-TASKING feature lets you print one file while editing ano-
ther.
In addition to regular text you can use WORDMASTER to CREATE BASIC
PROGRAMS with the convenience of full-screen editing.
OTHER FEATURES include easy setting of left, right, top and bottom margin,
printer line width, and lines per page. Also auto repeat keys, auto line centering,
auto page numbering and choice of display color formats.
And, perhaps one of the best features, but one that won't last long, is WORD-
MASTER's SUPER LOW INTRODUCTORY PRICE OF $9.95. At this price you
can't go wrong. Buy it today'
TO ORDER send $9.95 for cassette version or $ 1 4.95 for disk version plus $2.50
shipping (Calif, residents add 6% sales tax) to: PYRAMID DISTRIBUTORS, 527
HILL ST., SANTA MONICA, CA 90405 (21 3) 399-2222.
WORDMASTER $1495Di8k
$9.95 Cassette
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 83
addresses 1 536 through 7679 (hex 600 through IDFF). This
space comprises the first four graphics pages which are
reserved as part of the start up routine. For a quick demon-
stration, BREAK the program and add line 450.
450 PMODE 3,I:PCLS
Now, R UN, select page 3, select PMODE 3, then hit the "E"
key. Line 450 did a PCLS on the first four graphics pages.
All of the bytes have been set to zero. The key will
present you with a screen full of inverse @ signs.
BREAK again and add line 460 and line 470.
460 CIRCLE ( 100, 100),30,7
470 PAINT (100,100),6,7
RUN, get page 3, PMODE 3, and hit "E" again. Try the
other modes and the arrow keys and repeat the "E" key. This
should help you to understand some of the graphics
concepts.
While paging up and down you probably saw a band of
hash risefromthe bottom of the screen. Select PMODE 3 or
4 and page up the hash until it is at the top of the screen, then
hit the "T" key. You have found the start of theprogramas it
resides in memory. The"#"key will show you that itstartsat
address 7680, page 15.
Increment up a couple of pages to see the rest of the
program and the variable storage area. Beyond that are
more bands of zeros and 255s except for page 31 which we
will get to shortly. For now, let's see how you get more
memory from the PCLEAR command. BREAK the pro-
gram and in the direct mode type in PMODE 0 : PCLEAR 1
then ENTER. R UN and select page 6 in the text mode. You
"The space above the program hash is
the area commonly known as the
PCLEAR 0 area for which there is no
valid BASIC command. Right now it
is the only place that you can put high
resolution graphics, "
now see that the program has been moved lower in memory
starting at address hex COO. To get a better perspective
select PMODE 4. You can see that the program data was
also left in its original location, but it is no longer serving any
purpose because the system's pointers have been reset to
point to the new program area. The address space of the
original program can be used for other purposes. More
memory is available for program lines and variables, but less
is available for graphics. You can see that our picture got
clobbered.
Use the "N" key to select page 3 while staying in PMODE
4. The space above the program hash is the area commonly
known as the PCLEAR 0 area for which there is no valid
BASIC command. Right now it is the only place that you
can put high resolution graphics. Hit the "E" key. The FC
error appeared because we are now trying to draw in the
wrongplace in the wrong mode. The area is now reserved for
programs and variables. Change line 450 to read PMODE
0,I:PCLS and then RUN, select page 3, PMODE 4, and
then hit "E." Did you get two circles? Hit the "0" key and
maybe they will go away.
By the way, as you may have seen elsewhere, you can use
that last part of memory for program memory by entering
POKE 25,6:NEW in the direct mode before loading or
writing a program.
The last stop on this tour is the stack area and the CLEAR
command. Go to the text mode and select page 31
("N"...etc). If you have 16Koryou executed the CLEAR
200,&H3FFF instruction at the start of this article, you are
now looking at the stack area in action. The microprocessor
uses this area for temporary storage of its register's data.
Some of what is going on here is related to the activity you
see on page 0.
At the bottom of the screen is the area that was reserved
by the CLEA R command. BREAKthe program and type in
CLE A R 20 in the direct mode. R UN and get back to page
31. The space reserved for strings has been reduced, the
stack has moved up in memory, and program memory space
has increased. If you have more than 16K RAM, the space
above page 31 has been reserved for machine language
programs by the CLEAR XXX,&H3FFF command.
Note the words "RANGE IN"at the bottom of the screen.
Now, BREAK, type in CLEAR 10, then RUN, select any
page, and after the error message LIST line 1 10 and you will
see the string for which there was not enough room.
For our last trick we can demonstrate how an improperly
used GOSUB can bomb a program. BREAK and CLEAR
200. Add the following lines:
480 GOSUB 600
600 GOTO 480
RUN, select page 3, select PMODE 4, then hit the "E"
key. Wait a few seconds... Here comes the stack. The stack
kept building because each execution of the GOSUB com-
mand added more "temporary" data to it and there was no
execution of a RETURN command to unstack any of the
data. No harm was done to this particular program, but that
is probably an exception. RUN and page through memory
above the program area. You will see the same data stored
over and over for each time the GOSUB was executed.
The rest of the snooping is up to you. Examining other
programs may be tricky. If a program self-starts, try moving
the stack down. Load and run the program you want to
examine, then load in PAGER. You may load on top of a
part you wanted to see. If so, use the PC LEA R command to
control where PAGER will load in.
The listing:
0275
052B
10 REM START OF PROGRAM AREA
15 G*="9"
20 CLS: PR I NT "ENTER PAGE NUMBER 0
TO 31"
30 INPUT PG
40 CLS
50 ST=PG*512:EN=ST+511
60 IFG*="0"THEN EN=ST+8cH5FF: PR IN
T6160, "PMODE0 PAGE LENGTH=1535 B
ytes m :print:print
70 IFG*="1" OR G*="2" THEN EN=ST
84 the RAINBOW April, 1983
1^ , w/+ 4
4
By Ken
Kalish
Mario Jumps into action on the Color Computer! Rolling barrets, ramps,
ladders, and killer flames must be avoided in order to save the young lady
from tt>e monkey's grasp. So true to life, you'll try to insert quarters. How
high can you go?
MONKEY KONG Color Computer 1 6K cassette $24.95
Please add $2.00 for shipping and handling
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
Ned Systems Software • P.O. Box 3558 • Chapel Hill. NC 27514
TO ORDER. CALL: I -800-334-5470
+&HBFF:PRINT@160, "PMODES 1&2 PAG
E LENGTH=3072 BYTES" : PRINT: PRINT
80 IFG*="3" OR G*="4" THEN EN=ST
+&H 1 7FF : PR I NT@ 1 60 , " PMODES 3&4 PA
GE LENGTH=6144 BYTES"
90 PRINT" PAGE "PG" OF TEXT M
ODE": PRINT
100 PR I NT " ADRESS RANGE="ST" . . TO.
. "EN: PRINT
110 PRINT "RANGE IN HEX= "+"*"HE
X*(ST) ". .TO. ■ "+"*"HEX*<EN> :PRINT
120 PR I NT "PRESS < ENTER > TO SEE P
AGE"
130 INPUTE*
140 PRINT
150 REM DISPLAY NEW PAGE
160 AD=&HFFC7
170 FOR X=0 TO 6
180 BT=PG AND 2^X
190 IF BT=INT(2^X) THEN POKE AD,
0 ELSE POKE AD- 1,0
200 AD=AD+2
210 NEXT
220 G=VAL<G*>
230 IFG<5 THEN A*=G*: GOTO310
240 REM SELECT ANOTHER PAGE
250 A*=INKEY*
260 IFA*=" "THEN 250
270 IF A*="N" THEN 20
280 IFA*="^" THEN PG=PG+1 : GOTO 16
0
290 IFA*=CHR*<10> THEN PG=PG-1:G
OTO160
300 IFA*="#" THEN 40
310 I F A*= " 0 " THENP0KE&HFF22 , &HB0 :
POKE&HFFC1 , 0: P0KE&HFFC3, 0: POKE&H
FFC4,0:G*=A*
320 IFA*="1" THENPOKE8cHFF22,8cHC0
: POKE&HFFC0, 0: P0KE&HFFC2, 0: POKE&
HFFC5,0:G*=A*
330 IFA*="2" THENPOKE8cHFF22,8cHD0
: POKE&HFFC1 , 0: P0KE&HFFC5, 0: POKE&
HFFC2,0:G*=A*
340 IFA*="3" THENPOKE8cHFF22,8cHE0
: POKE&HFFC0, 0: P0KE&HFFC3, 0: POKE&
HFFC5,0:G*=A*
350 IFA*="4" THENPOKE8cHFF22,8cHF0
: POKE&HFFC0, 0: P0KE&HFFC3, 0: POKE&
HFFC5,0:G*=A*
360 IFA*="T" THENPOKE&HFF22,0:PO
KE&HFFC0, 0: P0KE&HFFC2, 0: POKE&HFF
C4,0: G*="9"
370 IFA*<>"E" THEN 250
400 REM 400 LINE AREA FOR INSER
TING EXPERIMENTS
410 SOUND 2,2
500 GOTO250
999 REM END OF PROGRAM AREA. ..V A
R I ABLE AREA FOLLOWS
86 the RAINBOW April, 1983
CORRECTIONS
In the listing that follows "Hang Around, You'll Enjoy
This" (February 1983), there was an unexpected hang-up.
Line 800 had a glitch, or maybe a gremlin, which caused it to
throw in some dashes and run into line 8 10. Correctly, these
lines should read:
800 FOR 1=1 TO KNT: PRINT WRD* ( I )
;:next i
810 PRINT: PRINT"
RIGHT ? (Y/N) "
A program line was omitted from a short listing used in
"Random Often Needs A Helping Hand" (February 1983).
In the right-hand column on page 1 4,thereshould have been
a line 55 which reads as follows:
55 IF L=0 THEN STOP
In the article "Spectaculator Gives Spectacular Statistics"
(February 1 983), the "less than" and "greater than" symbols
were left out of line 30. This line should correctly read:
30 IF LEN< A$X>16 THEN 20
In the listing which follows "Power (of Attorney) At Your
Fingertips" (March 1983), the command PRINT was left
out of line 60. Correctly, the line (on page 56) should read:
60 PRINT "FOR GENERAL APPL ICATION"
Several folks have offered fixes for what appeared to be
an oversight in our Dungeon A dventure graphics Adventure
winner program (January 1 983). 1 1 turns out Gregory Rick-
etts had us covered all along; the oversight was with the
Rainbow, not the program. Mr. Ricketts reports that "hit-
ting the 4 Q' key will allow you to exit the fight sequence." We
managed to omit that bit of information from the story.
In our February issue, Lane Lester's Income Tax program
(page 18) contained some inconsistencies with the current
form.
The corrected version of Income Tax not only matches
the current forms but also has some small enhancements,
several of which were suggested by Justin Snyder.
For a free print-out of thecorrected listing, drop us a note,
or call.
While this program is included in our April Rainbow On
Tape, you may wish to order directly from the author.
Anyone wanting a taped copy of this revised program may
send $5 and their name and address to: Lane P. Lester,
PH.D., Department of Biology, Liberty Baptist College,
Lynchburg, VA 24506.
As written in Burton R. Witharn, Jr.s article, "Among
The 'Super' This One's a 'Duper'," (January 1983, page 80)
the program listing will only allow 10 contacts to be logged
reports Melvin Nelson (W8UNB), Phoenix, AZ. This is
because the CLEAR 900 statement in line200also clearsthe
array defined in line 1 00. Also, there is a redundancy in line
310.
To correctthese problems, add aline90 and alter lines 200
and 310 as follows:
90 CLEAR 900
200 SOUND230,2:CLS:G=136:H=137:N
=0
310 CLS:PRINT@19, "LOG**: 5 :printu
SING "**####. " ;X:PRINT@64, "CALL-"
;c*<x) :print@78, "time-":pokeh,83
: l i ne i nputt* ( x ) : pr i nt@96 , " freq- "
:pokeh, 101:lineinputf*<x) : print©
107, "notes-" : pokeh, 1 13:lineinput
n*<x>:ifx>1 then goto330
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BATTLE FLEET-Traditional favorite. As Admiral-in-
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SPACE TRADERS-Can you become the Horatio Alger of
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ROBOT BATTLE-Guide your human through an ever
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KEYS OF THE WIZARD-Super adventure game. Hundreds
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GALAX ATTACK-lf you want a challenge, this is it! Pat-
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CASSTETTE $10.95
COSMIC SUPER BOWL-Fast action interstellar
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CASSETTE $14.95
GHOST GOBBLER-Four relentless ghosts intent on your
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of the pac-man type games. 16k and joysticks
required.
CASSETTE $21.95
LOTHAR'S LABYRINTH-An excellent version of the
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words or your own. Extended basic.
CASSETTE $14.95
PLANET INVASION-lf you enjoy Defender.you will love
this one. Lots of fast action. 16k and joysticks
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CASSETTE $21.95
SPACE RACE — Maneuver yourself around a race track in
space, but beware of alien ships, the collectors, swarmers
and bezerkers they are all out to do you in.
CASSETTE T ,.$21.95
DEFENSE-lf you like Polaris and Missle Command this
game is for you. A must fory our collection. 16k and joystick
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CASSETTE P . $21.95
PIRATES AHOY-Find a sunken ship and treasures in this
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CASSETTE $9.95
ESCAPE FROM PRISON CITY-Lxplore the Prison City
where your spacecraft has been shot down. You must find a
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basic.
CASSETTE .,„, l> ,,«,i«,iiti $8.95
COLOR ZAP-Super space game! Dodge incoming photon
torpedos before they penetrate your defenses. 16k and
joysticks required.
CASSETTE + 1 $9.95
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TOM MIX
SOFTWARE
BIRD ATTACK-Shoot the birdmen before they decend
upon you. Watch out for their droppings. 16k extended
basic.
CASSETTE , $21.95
DONKEY KING-Exciting sound and graphics, four screens
like the arcade game. Never before have you seen a game like
this for your Color Computer. The best! Requires 32k.
CASSETTE .... $24.95 DISK . . . .$27.95
WAR KINGS-Shield your castle against cannonball attack
and deflect them towards your opponets castle. 16k extended
basic and joysticks required.
CASSETTE ■ • » • ■ ■■■■■■ ■■■■■■,■■■■■•* $19*95
PROTECTORS-Enemy fighters drop bombs on your city.
Destroy them before they destroy your city. Just like the
Defenders arcade game. Requires 32k.
CASSETTE » $24.95
KATERPILLAR ATTACK-A fast-paced arcade game.
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CASSETTE , t $24.95
COMPUTERWARE®
STARSHIP CHAMELEON-You must defend your planet
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CASSETTE ....$24.95 DISK ....$29.95
STORM-A real TEMPEST of a game. Exciting and colorful.
15 battlefields, 9 levels of play.
CASSETTE ....$24.95 DISK ....$29.95
EL DIABLERO-You awake, dazed and confused, in the
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CASSETTE ....$19.95 DISK ....$24.95
DOODLE BUG-Your lady bug hustles through an intricate
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CASSETTE. ...$24.95 DISK ....$29.95
RAIL RUNNER-Your engineer must scurry over the tracks
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CASSETTE ....$21.95 DISK ....$26.95
SHARK TREASURE- You must dive through shark infested
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MEGAPEDE-A very fast version of the Centepede type
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MARKETING
DEATH TRAP-As a lank commander it's your job to find a
safe passage through the maze of city streets that contain
mines and other hazards.
CASSETTE $19.95
OKI-PRINT-ls a basic language program that is designed to
do high resolution screen dumps from the Radio Shack or
TDP-100 Color Computer, to an Okidata Microline 82A
printer. OKI-PRINT wil dump any P MODE: M,
P(M = MODE:, P =PAGE). If the P .MODE: is 1 or 3 (which
are color modes) the printer will attempt to shade the dif-
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quired.
CASSETTE $19.95
DISASSEMBLER 6809-This is an interactive disassembler
that allows you to call and examine subroutines or look at
labels in an ASC II mode without losing your place in the
disassembly. It is primarily a SCREEN oriented
disassembler, but does have printer output capability.
CASSETTE $14.95
ANIMATED HANGMAN-Playing hangman has never been
so much fun. He winks..he blinks..he almost lives! An
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CASSETTE $12.95
CONCENTRATION/CONNECT UP 4-Concentration is a
memory type game. You are trying to match up the screen
displays. Connect up 4 is a game where you try to match 4
dots of color in a row, but the person that you are playing
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CASSETTE • • 1 1 ■ ■ ■ ■! n 1 1 ■ ■ ■ ■ n i i • ■ • $9.95
HURDLERS- You are a hurdler running down the track try-
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Requires 16k extended basic.
CASSETTE + 4 •••• $14»95
QUALITY SOFTWARE
SHIPWRECK-Your stranded on a deserted island and your
only hope for escape is your own wits and cunning. Can you
find your way back to civilization? 16-32k.
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The classic Bezerk type game. 16k.
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CALIXTO ISLAND-A challenging sometimes humerous ex-
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THE BLACK SANCTUM-You are pitted against the forces
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CAVE HUNTER-Maneuver your way through a spooky
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required.
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ASTRO BLAST-Here's the space shoot'em up you've been
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SPACE RAIDERS-A sensational rendition of the arcade
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HOW TO ORDER BY MAIL: Forprompt and courteous
shipment SEND MONEY ORDER, CERTIFIED CHECK,
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number, inter-bank No., expiration date and signature).
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mum). Michigan residents include 4% sales tax. 10%
Hpnn^it rpniiirpfi on C* ("} D orHpr<t
UTILITY
Dump to Camera:
Photographing
Your Monitor
By Bruce Rothermel
You and your Color Computer have just created the
world's most interesting graphic on the TV screen. Now
what? How do you save it? How do you use it?
One option would be to print the graphic screen on the
printer using a screen print program and a graphics printer,
but what happened to those breathtaking colors and those
crisp fine details? All gone.
Printers are quite limited in their ability to faithfully
capture the image as it appeared on the screen and you kiss
your colors goodbye. They're not called Color Computers
for nothing.
As an alternative, why not photograph your screen? By
doing so, you can produce slides or prints of the screen
which will capture and retain all the detail and color of the
original. Besides, its a lot easier carrying a photo than a 13"
TV set.
Here's What Youll Need:
1) A 35mm SLR camera with a "normal"^ or 55mm) lens.
The SLR means single lens retlex — a camera that ensures
that what you see thru the viewf inder is what you get on film.
2) A tripod.
3) A cable release if the camera doesn't have a self timer.
Here's How To Do It:
1) Create your masterpiece on the screen.
2) Adjust the color and contrast settings on the TV set to
obtain the densest colors available (highest color saturation)
without color fringing. You may have to reduce contrast to
do so.
3) Mount your camera on the tripod and adjust the height
so the camera lens is level with the center of the screen.
4) Move the tripod forward and backward until the screen
image is filling the viewfinder frame vertically (up and
down). There will be additional space on the sides of the
viewfinder since the film frame is wider than the graphics
screen, but that's okay.
5) Focus. Since you have a fixed image size, you may end up
Photo by Bruce Rothermel
moving the tripod forwards or backwards a little. With a 13"
TV screen, your camera will be about 2.5 ft. away from the
screen.
6) Exposure. Now comes the tricky part. Shooting an image
from a TV screen is different from taking a snapshot of your
girlfriend on a sunny day. First, the light balance is different.
Your camera meter wasn't made to be sensitive and accurate
to this spectrum. Second, the image on-screen is created by a
continuous series of lines (rasters) which because of visual
retention look like a solid picture.
The camera has no such memory behind its lens. So,
here's what to do:
Set the shutter speed to I / 1 5 of a second. Any speed faster
than 1/30 of a second will catch a raster (don't you like these
tech terms) and you will see the scan line.
Turnoffthe lightsand eliminate all sources ofglareon the
screen. A darkened room is best. Take an exposure reading
of the screen. Using ASA 64 film (more about this later) you
should have an F-stop of about F/8.
Use a cable release or the self-timer and squeeze off your
first exposure. Write down this exposure combination for
review later.
7) Bracket your exposures. The trick of the pros is to shoot
a lot and throw the bad ones away.
Most of the time, the meter will be misled in making an
underexposed picture. So, for the second exposure slow
down the shutter one speed to I / 8 of a second to increase the
exposure time. Keep the same aperture, or E/stop setting, as
the first exposure and shoot again. Record this setting.
Next, slow the shutter one more notch to 1 /4 second and
shoot again. Record these settings. Just to be sure, go back
to the original setting (in this example 1/15 sec. at F/8) and
close the lens one stop to F/ 1 1 . Shoot and record this info.
(We bracketed in the other direction — more exposure by
opening the aperture to keep the shutter speed slow.
Remember those rascal rasters.)
88 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Here's a summary of what happened:
1st exposure — 1/15 sec. @ F/8 base exposure setting
2nd exposure — I /8 sec. @ F/8 2X 1st exposure
3rd exposure — 1/4 sec. @ F/ 8 4X 1 st exposure
4th exposure — 1/15 sec. @ F/ 1 1 1 / 2 1st exposure
8) Get the film developed and look at the results. Most
likely the second exposure will be most pleasing, but what-
ever looks best will then be your base exposure. From then
on you only have to bracket one shutter speed, one F/stop
on each side of the base setting.
Remember, always bracket — no matter how good you
are. Film is cheap.
9) Speaking of film. Naturally, the type of film you use will
depend on the results wanted.
To obtain slides for projection, I would recommend Koda-
chrome 64 (ASA 64). TV screens tend to photograph blue
and Ektachrome and Fuji increase this effect.
For prints, Kodacolor 100 works fine. Plus-X is great for
black and white (ASA/ ISO 125) and Plus-X negatives can
be mounted and projected as a reversed slide. Sort of like a
reverse screen print. This is very useful with graphs and
charts like those generated by bar zapper.
There are many exotic high contrast films available, but
start with these basics and experiment.
10) Filtration. If the photographs are still too blue add a
filter to the lens. A sky I A adds a little warmth, an 8 1 A really
corrects it.
That's it. The sure fire way to wow 'em with knockout
photos generated by you and your 80C.
Hint...
Which Board Do You Have?
We've received a lot of calls and letters, too, asking, "How
can I determine what circuit board I have?"These questions
come mainly from those contemplating a memory upgrade.
A good clue is provided by keying in EXECAX 1 75 which will
tell you if youhavethe 1 .0 or 1 . 1 version of the BASIC ROM
chip. If you have a 1.1, says Dennis Lewandowski of DSL
Computer Products, then "there's about a 98 percent chance
that it's an E board rather than a D or the even newer
board," which has a small RF shield housing, often called
the F board.
Radio Shack says you have to open up your CoCo to find
out for sure, but here at the Rainbow, we found that a
flashlight and a "peek," using your own two eyes is quite
easy. If you will shine a flashlight down into the air vents on
the right side (the side on which the ROM port is located)
you can see the model number of the board. Look straight
down under the first air vent opening (nearest the
keyboard). Do you see the green numbers on a black
background? Well, the suffix after the hyphen is the board
model. You should see a D or an E after the numbers.
Now, if you have a TDP-I00, you have the latest board
(a.k.a. F board). If you have a fairly new Radio Shack
CoCo, take a look inside the ROM port says Ron Krebs of
Mark Data Products. Just open it up and peer in. If all you
can see is metal, then you have a D or an E board, but if you
can see components, then you have the newest board.
TALK IS CHEAP.
You want your color computer
to talk, but how much will it
cost?
$50? $100? $200? No.
$29"?
Yes! SPEAK UP! ™ from
is a machine language
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAl
Voice Synthesizer program for your TRS-
80 Color Computer. * It is 100% software.
Nothing else to buy. Best of all, YOU CAN
MAKE BASIC PROGRAMS TALK! It's
easy to use, and will say virtually anything.
SPEAK UP! For $29.95.
Talk really is cheap!
P.O. Box 12247
Lexington, Kentucky 40582
VISA
T.M. Tandy Corp.
16k minimum
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 89
Why Not
Build A Light Pen
By Theodore P. Hasenstaub
Ready to shed some new light on your CoCo? An easy to
build (and easy on the wallet) light pen is the answer. A
simple light pen consists of a photo cell, resistor, and, well,
hmmm. . . that's it! We will add a switch, "pot," case, cord
and plug. The CoCo has its own D/A (digital to analog)
circuitry built right in, so we are ready to go.
Before we start construction, let's take a closer look at
what a light pen actually does. A photo cell can be described
as an electrical device, which, on being exposed to different
intensities of light, changes its amount of resistance, thus
JOYSTICK PORT
PIN 1
PIN 2
PIN 3
PIN 4
PIN 5
X CHANNEL
Y CHANNEL
GROUND
**
5VDC
** — is used with fire button, when
pressed, it shorts to PIN 3
changing the voltage that flows through it. Big deal you say?
Well, it is, as you will soon see.
A look at the joysick ports is now in order (Fig. #1). You
will see that each port has two input channels. The X chan-
nel reads horizontal positions, and the Y channel reads
vertical positions (when using joysticks). This is accom-
plished by using potentiometers. Potentiometers, or pots,
are simply variable resisters. In other words, their resistance
can by changed by turning the center knobs one way or the
other. These two pots are connected together mechanically,
so that they both move at the same time. Five volts are
applied to one side, and the other side is connected to
ground. When the joystick position is changed, it also
changes the resistance to the applied voltage (five volts). The
center lugs of the pots are connected to the X and Y input
channels (Fig. #2). These lines allow the computer to deter-
mine joystick positions through its D/A circuitry.
The D/ A circuitry consists of an analog switch, or selec-
tor, a voltage comparator, and a D/ A converter. The selec-
tor allows the selection of one of the four input channels
(two per joystick port). The voltage comparator then com-
pares two input voltages. One voltage is constant, the other,
coming in from the X or Y channel, is not. The D/ A conver-
ter then approximates the voltage from the channel it is
reading. How does this apply to a light pen? Let's build one
and see.
First unscrew the white plastic end from the penlight, and
remove the bulb and metal contact clip. Now remove the
push button switch on the other end. This may be accom-
plished by pushing it down through the body of the pen with
a small piece of rod (be very careful when working with the
aluminum body, it is very easy to damage). Next, look into
the barrel. Here, you will see a black plastic ring. Push this
ring up toward the open end of the barrel. Gently break off
the inner part of it, so that all that remains is a ring with a
hole that is large enough in order to remove the rest of the
switch. Use a pair of needle nose pliers to do this. Locate a
point about V/i inches from the open end of the barrel.
Gently drill a 13/64ths hole at this point.
Now we will wire the light (Fig. #3). I've seen the photo
cell in two different cases, one is plastic encased (#276-1 16),
the other one is in a metal can (#276-1 16A). If you use the
plastic one, you will have to file its circumference down so
that it fits easily into the pen barrel. The metal one drops
right in. Pull the two conductor wires up through the pen
case and black ring. Strip off about 8 inches of t^e outer
covering. Cut one lead of the photo cell so there is about 1
inch, and trim the other to about I Vi inches. Slide two pieces
of shrink tubing over the cable leads. Solder one lead to the 1
inch side of photo cell, and the other to one side of the
switch. Slide another piece of shrink tubing over the other
photo cell lead. Solder this lead to the other side of the
switch. Now slide the shrink tubing up overall thejointsand
heat it, so all the connections are insulated. Strip off 4 inches
of outer covering on the other cable end. Label the wire that
you connected to the switch. Now slide the assembly into the
pen barrel, and guide the switch so that the button catches
into the hole that you have drilled. A little jiggling around
and you will be able to get the switch up into the hole. Install
the switch lock nut. Screw on the white end piece, and wrap
Figure 2
FIRE
BUTTON
PIN 2
— PIN 5
— PIN 1
PIN 3
— P1N4
black electrical tape around it, so no white is showing.
Now slide the plug cover onto the cable end and wire as
follows. The line that you labeled is soldered to pin #5 of the
joystick plug. Cut two pieces of wire about 3 inches long.
Label them #1 and #3 and solder them to the corresponding
pins on the joystick plug. Assemble the plug and slide the
plug cover on. Solder the wire you labeled #3 to the center
lug on the pot. Trim the other wire so that the pot lays flat in
90 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Figure 3
PHOTO CELT
j SPST
100K POT
PIN 5
PIN 3 PIN 1
60 PRINTQ230, "STATE CAPITOL QUIZ
the line, then solder it and the wire you marked #1 to one of
the outside lugs on the pot. Wrap electrical tape around
these connections.
As 1 said earlier, a photo cell changes its resistance on
exposure to different light levels. The CoCo has nine distinct
colors that are available. If you expose the light pen to them,
you will find that each color will return a different value. By
software control you can use these values as variables, and
design a program that will use them.
I have included two programs. One allows you to set your
own color value tables, and the other will demonstrate the
light pen. The demo program uses color values as variables.
I designed the program as a quiz. It will display a question
and possible answers. A tone will sound, at this point place
the tip of the pen firmly against the TV screen, to the color
(answer), you choose. Press the button down and hold it
down until the next tone. This allows the photo cell to get a
true value reading of the color. The program then checks
through a comparison routine to check if the answer is right
or wrong. This program can be easily modified for any type
questions you may want, by simply changing a few lines in
the program. I would be very interested in any input from
other readers, on other applications, and software, for using
this device.
PARTS LIST
Photocell Radio Shack @376-116 or
#276-1 16 A (see text) @ $1.29
Penlight Radio Shack #61-2626 @ $1.99
Switch Radio Shack #275-1571 SPST
Normal Open, Momentary
Joystick Plug Spectrum Projects 93-15 86th
Place, Woodhaven, N.Y. 11421 @ $4.00
100K pot, 2 Conductor cable (shielded)
Listing 1:
350
650
END
032E
0701
0AC7
10 7 LIGHT PEN DEMO
20 GOTO 660
30 DIM D*<40)
40 RESTORE
50 CLS
70 print:print:print:print
80 INPUT "ENTER YOUR NAME >";N
90 FOR Q=l TO 1380: NEXT Q
100 FOR N=l TO 40TREAD D*(N):NEX
T N
110 W=0:T=0: JY=JOYSTK(0)
120 N=l
130 CLS(0)
140 PRINT632, "WHAT IS THE CAP IT
OL OF"; " ";d*<N> ; "
"5" ":n=n+i
150 PRINT6161, " ";D*<N);" " ; : N=N
+1
160 PRINT6257," ";D*<N>;" ";:N=N
+1
170 PRINTQ353, " ";D*<N);" "5
180 FOR V=0 TO 3
190 FOR H=31 TO 37
200 SET (H, 9+V,4) :SET(H, 15+V,2> :
SET(H,21+V,6)
210 NEXT H,V
220 GOSUB 490
230 SOUND 125,5
240 GOSUB 490
250 X=0
260 ' READ COLOR VALUES FROM SCR
EEN
270 FOR B=l TO 40
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April, 1983 the RAINBOW 91
280 x=x+jy:next b
290 J=JOYSTK(0)
300 ' COMPARE COLOR VALUES
310 IF (N=4) OR (N=12) OR (N=24)
OR <N=36> THEN BOTO 340
320 IF <N=16> OR (N=20) OR (N=28
) THEN GOTO 350
330 IF (N=8) OR (N=32) OR (N=40)
THEN GOTO 360
340 IF (J>21) AND (J<38) THEN GO
TO 370 ELSE GOTO 410
350 IF (J>51) AND (J<58) THEN GO
TO 370 ELSE GOTO 410
360 IF (J>40) AND (J<51) THEN GO
TO 370 ELSE GOTO 410
370 SOUND 125,5
380 PRINT® 450, " THAT IS CORRECT
";N*;" ";:t=0
390 GOSUB 490
400 N=N+l:IF N>40 THEN GOTO 530
ELSE GOTO 130
410 SOUND 125,5
420 T=T+l: W=W+1
430 PRINT6450, " THAT IS INCORREC
ii
T ";N*;" ,
440 if T=l THEN W=W-1
450 GOSUB 490
460 IF T=l THEN N=N-3: GOTO 130
470 IF T=2 AND N<40 THEN T=0:N=N
+l:GOTO 130
480 IF T=2 AND N>=40 THEN GOTO 5
30
490 FOR Q=l TO 1000: NEXT Q
500 RETURN
510 DATA OH 10, COLUMBUS, CLEVELAND
, TOLEDO , KENTUCKY , LOU I SV I LLE , PROS
PECT , FRANKFORT , TEX AS , AUST I N , DALL
AS , HOUSTON , ALASKA , FA I RBANKS , JUNE
AU, ANCHORAGE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK, A
LBANY, SYRACUSE
520 DATA MONTANA, HELENA, BILLINGS
, BUTTE , I LL I NO I S , CH I C AGO , SPR I NGF
IELD, PEORIA, KANSAS, KANSAS CITY,W
I CHITA, TOPEKA, MAINE, AUGUSTA, BANG
OR, PORTLAND, MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, D
ETRO IT, LANSING
530 SC=<10-W>*10
540 FOR Q=l TO 920: NEXT Q
550 CLS(0)
560 PRINTQ226, "YOUR SCORE WAS";"
";sc; "7."; " ";N*;" ";
570 FOR Q=l TO 920: NEXT Q
580 PRINTQ298," GAME OVER ";
590 FOR Q=l TO 1000: NEXT Q
600 PRINTQ484," PLAY AGAIN? <Y 0
R N> ";
610 Q*=INKEY*
620 IF Q*="" THEN GOTO 610
630 IF Q*="Y" THEN GOTO 40
640 IF Q*<>"N" THEN GOTO 610
650 cls:end
660 CLS
670 PRINTQ6, "LIGHT PEN CALIBRATI
ON ":
680 PR I NT "HOLD PEN TIP AGAINST T
HE COLORED";
690 PR I NT "BLOCKS ON SCREEN, SLOW
LY ADJUST ";
700 PR I NT "THE POTENTIOMETER UNTI
L YOU GET ";
710 PR I NT "READINGS THAT CORRESPO
ND TO THE ";
720 PR I NT "ONES IN THE TABLE THES
E READINGS";
730 PR I NT "ARE NEEDED FOR THIS PR
OGRAM TO ";
740 PR I NT "OPERATE PROPERLY- THE
VARIABLES ";
750 PRINT "IN THIS PROGRAM ARE SE
T TO THESE";
760 PR I NT "VALUES. CHECK ALL READ
INGS AFTER";
770 PR I NT "EACH ADJUSTMENT IS MAD
E. 11 ;
780 PRINTQ420, 11 PRESS <C> TO CON
TINUE "
790 Q*=INKEY*:IF Q*="C" THEN GOT
O 800 ELSE GOTO 790
800 CLS(0)
92
the RAINBOW April, 1983
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ii
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YELLOW " ; : PRINT623, " CYAN
820 FOR V=4 TO 8
830 FOR H=0 TO 6
840 SETdl+H, V,4) : SET < 29+H , V, 2) :
SET<47+H, V,6)
850 NEXT H,V
860 PRINT6484," PRESS <D> WHEN D
ii
ONE ,
870 PRINTQ245, "
880 PRINT6257, "
890 PRINT6302, "
ii
ii
900 PRINT6366, "
11 ; ; : PRINT
910 PRINTQ430, "
VALUES ,
READINGS " ;
RED >21 & <38
YELLOW >51 & <58
CYAN >40 & <51
ii
920 Q*=INKEY*:IF Q*="D" THEN GOT
O 30
930 X=0
940 FOR Y=l TO 40
950 X=X+JOYSTK<0)
960 NEXT Y
970 X=X/40
980 PRINT6356, JOYSTK<0) ;
990 GOTO920
Listing 2:
DEFINE (LIGHT PEN)
5 * DEFINE NEW COLOR VALUES
10 CLS<0)
20 FOR V=l TO 7
30 FOR H=0 TO 8
40 SET(5+H, V, 1) :SET(19+H, V,2) :SE
T (35+H, V, 3) : SET (49+H, V,4)
50 NEXT H,V
60 FOR V=17 T023
70 FOR H=0 TO 8
80 SET(5+H, V,5) :SET(19+H, V,6) :SE
T (35+H, V, 7) : SET (49+H, V, 8)
90 NEXT H,V
100 PRINT6486, " PRESS <D> WHEN D
ONE ";
110 Q*=INKEY*
120 IF Q*="D" THEN 200
130 X=0
140 FOR Y=l TO 40
150 X=X+JOYSTK<0)
160 NEXT Y
170 X=X/40
180 PRINT6206, JOYSTK<0) ;
190 GOTO 110
200 CLS: END
the RAINBOW April, 1983
THE STEREO COMPOSER
The STEREO COMPOSER music synthesizer was developed for the true music
lover. All the features available for the COMPOSER described below are also
available for the STEREO COMPOSER. However, instead of using the single 6 bit
digital to analog converter built into the computer and the speaker built into your
TV, the STEREO COMPOSER uses two 8 bit digital to analog converters which
drive two audio power amplifiers. These amplifiers supply enough audio power
to easily drive your own external speakers. If you like, the output may be con-
nected to your home stereo system to further increase fidelity. Connection is
provided by two phono connectors. If the music is too loud, two built-in volume
controls are provided to allow you to control the volume of each of the channels
separately. The advantage of being able to use external high quality speakers is
obvious. The use of higher quality digital to analog converters serves to further
increase music fidelity.
The STEREO COMPOSER produces music in stereo. Of the4 voices produced, 2
are directed to each channel. This ability alone increases the realism of the
music. You can even move the voices between speakers as the music plays.
The STEREO COMPOSER comes assembled, tested, burned in, with all the
software and hardware to allow you to immediately start enjoying your music. A
complete manual and examples are provided to give you everything you need to
know.
The STEREO COMPOSER is completely memory decoded so it does not conflict
with the Radio Shack disk controller. In this way, disk owners with an expansion
interface such as the BT-1000 by BasicTechnology can produce music from disk
with the STEREO COMPOSER in one slot and the disk controller in another. In
fact, you can even have THE VOICE in another slot without any fears that there
will be memory conflicts.
Requires Extended BASIC and Minimum of 16K
Specify Cassette or Disk
STEREO COMPOSER (Hardware and Software) $119. 95
THE COMPOSER
The COMPOSER is a 4 voice music compiler which easily allows one to develop
high quality music. Each voice is programmed separately. In addition, each
voice uses its own waveshape table which means a unique sound foreach of the
4 voices.
The COMPOSER features a7 octave range. It supports dotted and double dotted
notes as well as eighth, quarter, and standard triplet notes. Sixteenth and thirty
second notes are also supported.
The COMPOSER allows the music to be played at any tempo and in any key. And
believe it or not, the tempo and key can be modified as the music plays. This
gives the user tremendous versatility in developing music. Key modification also
allows the user to move the music up or down one or more octaves.
The COMPOSER displays a constantly changing random kaleidoscope pattern
as the music plays. In addition, the number of the note being played is displayed
which aids one in finding sour notes during music development. Both of these
displays can be disabled to allow any screen to be displayed while the music is
playing. In this way, one can show the words to a song or display a picture as the
music plays.
The COMPOSER develops a machine language position independent sub-
routine that can be Saved, Loaded, and Executed independent of all other
software. This means that you canshareyourmusicwithfriends.ln fact, you can
write your own BASIC programs that call and play the music. Software vendors
may include the music in their own product.
The COMPOSER is menu driven making it extremely easy and friendly to use and
operate. A thick operating manual is also provided. Many examples are given to
aid the user in getting started. All you need is provided, no additional hardware is
necessary. Don't let the price fool you, the COMPOSER has got to be heard to be
appreciated.
Requires Extended BASIC and Minimum of 16K
THE VOICE
SPEECH SYSTEMS got its start providing high quality speech synthesizers for
SS-50 bus computers. We are now proud to announce the same high quality
product for the Color Computer and TDP-100.
THE VOICE should not be mistaken with software speech synthesizers which
require the computer to do all the work in producing speech.
THE VOICE uses a special large scale integrated circuit, the SC-01 by VOTRAX,
to reproduce any one of 64 phonemes at 4 inflections. Phonemes are basic units
of speech which allow one to reproduce any word in English as well as many
other languages.
THE VOICE has two outputs. Speech may be heard through the user's TV
speaker, or the built-in audio power amplifier may be connected to your own
external speaker. A phono connector is provided for this purpose and if the
volume is too high, a built-in volume control may be used to adjust it to the
proper level.
THE VOICE comes assembled, tested, burned in, with all the necessary
hardware and software. A complete manual with many examples are provided to
get you started in developing your own BASIC or machine language programs to
use speech.
THE VOICE is completely memory decoded so it does not conflict with the Radio
Shack disk controller. In this way, disk owners with an expansion interface such
as the BT-1000 by Basic Technology can produce speech from disk with THE
VOICE in one slot and the disk controller in another. In fact, you can even have
the STEREO COMPOSER in another slot without any fears that there will be
memory conflicts
We are trying to develop a library of software forTHE VOICE. Toward this end, we
will be offering substantial royalties to software authors for their work.
Requires Extended BASIC and Minimum of 16K
Specify Cassette or Disk
THE VOICE (Hardware and Software)
$179.95
HOW TO ORDER
We accept CASH. CHECK, COD, VISA, and MASTER CARD orders.
Shipping and handling for all products in the
continental US and Canada $2.00
Shipping and handling for all products outside the
continental US and Canada „ , . , $5.00
COD charge (requires cash, certified check, or
money order)
$2.00
Illinois residents purchasing the STEREO COMPOSER orTHE VOICE pleaseadd
5V4% sales tax.
Dealer Inquiries Invited
SPECIALISTS IN SYNTHESIZERS
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER AND TDP-100.
It Sv^A t
emA
Speec
38W255 DEERPATH ROAD
BAT AVI A, ILLINOIS 60510
CASSETTE VERSION
DISK VERSION (32K)
.$24.95
.$29.95
(372; 879-6880
CALL ANY DAY, ANYTIME TO ORDER. YOU MAY ALSO ORDER BY MAIL.
4K
■
^ the
EDUCATION NOTES
RAINBOW
-J" 'A
Exercise Your Strings With This Vowel Checker
By Steve Blyn
RAINBOW Education Editor
This month we will investigate further how string manipu-
lations can help to build language based programs. Strings
are usually words, and words are the building blocks of
language. Many Language Arts and Foreign Language pro-
grams can be developed after a basic knowledge of string
manipulation is obtained. It has often been stated that
"without string handling capabilities, a computer is just a
super calculator." Although exaggerated, there is a lot of
truth in that statement.
All strings have a left side, a middle, a right side and a
length. We can thus examine all portions of the string using
the string functions— LEFTS, MID$, RIGHTS, and LEN.
If we set A$ equal to the word computer, then:
LEN A$ would be equal to 8
LEFT$(A$,I) would = "C"
RIGHT$(A$,1) would = "R"
LEFT$(A$,3) would = "COM"
RIGHT$(A$,2) would = "ER."
Let's check this out on your computer.
10 CLS
20 A$="COMPUTER"
30 PRINT LEN(A$)
40 PRINT LEFT$(A$,1)
50 PRINT RIGHT$(A$,1)
60 PRINT LEFT$(A$,3)
70 PRINT RIGHT$(A$,2)
80 LIST
RUN
MID$ is even more impressive. It can check any portion
of the string.
MID$(A$4,2) would = "PU." The 4 tells the computer to
begin at the fourth letter and the 2 tells how many letters to
include.
MID$(A$2,3) would = "OMP." Print MID$(A$,2,3) to
check this out. Try checking out some of your own combina-
tions before going on.
The computer can build up or break down strings in any
fashion we choose. Let's build up the words COLOR
COMPUTER adding one letter at a time.
10 CLS
20 A$="COLOR-COMPUTER"
30FORT=0 TOLEN(AS)
40 PRINT LEFT$(A$,T)
70 NEXT T
RUN.
As the (T) value is increased by 1 in lines 30 and 70, the
next letter in the word gets added on until the whole word is
built up to its entire length... LEN (A$)
The computer can also check out and act on each letter as
it is going through the list. Let's have it check for any letter
"0"s. To accomplish this, we will add lines 50 and 60 to the
above program.
50 B$=LEFT$(A$,T)
60 IF RIGHT$(B$,1) = "O" THEN SOUND 220,3
RUN the program once again.
Line 50 checks our progress on the string construction
leftwards, and line 60 makes a sound if an "O" is the right-
most letter at that time. Thus, every time an "O" is found at
the right end of the word as it is being built up, a sound is
made.
96 the RAINBOW April, 1983
If the letter "O" can be checked, then so can any other
characters. The program that follows is a vowel counter.
The child may INPUT any word, phrase, or sentence that he
wishes. He is asked to count the number of vowels. The
program checks for the vowels A, E, I, O, and U.
The Y i s more difficult t o check because there are quite a
few cases where Y is or is not used as a vowel. We chose to
include only one instance when Y could be a vowel — if it is at
the end of a word and it is not preceded by a vowel, then Y is
counted as a vowel. This is done on line 0. An example
would be FLY. Trying to work out additional times when Y
is counted as a vowel, (such as when there are no other
vowels in the word), is excellent practice in exercising your
string muscles.
By slightly altering the methods outlined here, many other
Language Arts and Foreign Language exercises can be deve-
loped. By using LEFT$(A$,2) or LEFT$(A$,3), prefixes or
foreign language articles can be checked. Using
RIGHT$(A$,2) or RIGHT$(A$,3) can check for suffixes,
endings, or plurals. The MID$ function could permit check-
ing for root words or particular letters as was done in this
article.
The listing:
10 REM "VOWEL COUNTER"
20 REM "STEVE BLYN-COMPUTER I SLA
ND
30 CLS
40 PR I NT "WHAT IS YOUR NAME";:INP
UT NA*
50 N*=LEFT* ( N A* ,12)
60 x=0:t»0:m»0:h»0
70 CLS
80 PR I NT "TYPE IN ANY WORD " ; N*
90 PRINT: INPUT A*
100 REM"*** BREAK THE WORD UP IN
TO SUCCESSIVELY LONGER PORTIONS"
110 FOR T= 1 TO LEN < A*)
120 H=H+1
130 B*»LEFT*(A*,H)
140 REM"*** CHECK FOR VOWELS-
ApEpIpOpU"
150 IF RIGHT* <B«, 1)="A" OR RIGHT
*<B* P 1>»"E" OR RIGHT*<B«, l)= n I"
OR RIGHT* <B*, 1)="0" OR RIGHT* <B*
,1)="U" THEN X=X+l:GOSUB 380
160 NEXT
170 REM "CHECK FOR THE NEXT TO LA
ST LETTER IF THE LAST LETTER IS
A "Y"
180 L=LEN(A*)-1
190 IF L<1 THEN 220
200 L*=MID*(A*,L, 1)
210 IF RIGHT* < A*, 1)="Y" AND L*<>
"A" AND L*<>"E" AND L*<>"I" AND
L*<>"0" AND L*<>"U" THEN X=X+1:G
OSUB 380
220 PRINT
230 PR I NT "TYPE THE NUMBER OF VOW
ELS IN THE WORD ";A*;" ";n*;:inp
UT Y
240 PRINT: IF Y=X THEN SOUND 1 80, 1
: SOUND200 , 1 : PR I NT " CORRECT " % N* : G
OTO 360
250 REM"*********LET'S KEEP OUR
GRAMMAR STRAIGHT HERE"
260 PRINT
270 PRINT" SORRY, " ; N*
280 SOUND20,4:SOUND10,4
290 IF X»l THEN PR I NT "THERE IS";
300 IF XOl THEN PR I NT "THERE ARE
ii
310 PRINTX; "VOWEL"; : IF XOl THEN
PRINT"S";
320 PRINT" IN THE ": PRINT" WORD -
"; A*
330 IF X-0THEN 360
340 IF X»l THEN PRINT" IT IS - "
V* < 1 ) : GOTO360
350 PR I NT " THEY ARE " ; : FORM- 1 TOX
:printv*(M) ; " , ";:next
360 PRINT6448, "PRESS < ENTER > TO
GO ON"; : INPUT EN*
370 GOTO 60
380 V*(X)=RIGHT*(B*, 1) : RETURN
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74 -i. -v ~.
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Transient absorber, dual 5-stage filter. 8 individually
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MINI M $44.95
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DA Doc nAA A <V
Use your credit cord or send check & we poy the shipping.
215-837-0700
Out of state, order toll free
800-523-9685 • TWX 510-651-2101
• for COD add S3. 00 + shipping • dealers invited
April, 1 983 the RAINBOW 97
ASSEMBLY CORNER
Write An ML Program To Handle BASIC Chores
By
D.S. Lewandowski
Rainbow Contributing Editor
First of all, we should establish that programming in
assembly language is not the same as machine language. In
assembly language we use an Editor/ Assembler to enter our
program into a text buffer. Once finished the Assembler will
transform our text into a machine language program.
Learning assembly language has nothing to do with the
amount of skill you can demonstrate in BASIC program-
ming, or any other computer language. The finished pro-
duct, a machine language program, will be as short, or as
long, as necessary to accomplish a task you have set for the
computer to perform. There is no magic, or mystery to
programming in any computer language. Mostly, practice
will make you proficient with assembly language. It really
boils down to a logical thought process. Just take your
programming idea, and break it into sub-tasks (or bite-size
pieces, if you prefer). Tackle each sub-task one at a time.
Sometimes a sub-task will be a bit too much so, again, break
this sub-task into further sub-tasks. On the other hand, you
may solve two, or more, sub-tasks with one solution.
Starting this month, our task is going to be: Write a
machine language program which will perform the same
task as a BASIC program. So, here is the first BASIC listing:
ttOTHHHP
J : 3
T
Chattanooga Choo Choo Software
Your One Stop Station
For Computer Programs
Track 29
FREE SOFTWARE f
Get your name on our mailing list and our CoCp could choose you
to receive $100.00 Credit toward software from our line.
Another name will be chosen to receive
a one-year subscription to the Rainbow.
Winners will be notified in May and announced in June Rainbow.
DEADLINE APRIL 30, 1 983
DATASOFT
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*DonkeyKing 32K $24.95 and Master Control II $22.95
Also . . . 'Flight Simulator E/B ^ft^ $16.95
'Also available on disk (32K) at extra charge
All programs 16 K on cassette unless otherwise stated
Send for our free complete catalog and descriptions!
WE pay postage, YOU save money! (in the U.S. and Canada)
TN residents add 6.25% sales tax, C.O.D. orders add $1.00
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musm
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ANTECO SOFTWARE
INTERGALACT1C FORCE $24.95
Listing 1:
10 CLS
20 I*=INKEY* : IF I*="" THEN 20
30 I=VAL<I*> : IF I<0 THEN 1=0
40 IF I>8 THEN 1=0
50 CLS(I) : GOTO20
What will this program do? Line 10 will clear the screen to
the color green. Line 20 will scan the keyboard, and wait
until a key is pressed. Once a key has been pressed, Line 30
will take the value of the string variable and convert it into a
numeric variable (I). Line 30 will also check to see if the
value of I is less than zero. Line 40 checks the upper limit of
the CLS command, it checks for a value greater than eight.
In both cases, if I is less than zero, or I is greater than eight, 1
is set to zero. Line 50 clears the screen to the color value of I,
then restarts the routine by going to Line 20.
Okay, what we need to do is see what we need. We need to
clear the screen. We need to get a keypress from the key-
board. We have to check the keypress and see if it falls into
the range of zero and eight. Finally, we need to clear the
screen to the color value of a valid keypress, or clear it to
zero in all other cases. That seems enough sub-tasks. To
solve the first one, let's remember that BASIC has a clear
screen routine. The address of this routine is SA928; this
information is available from sources such as the Rainbow.
Let's pause a moment and dissassemble this routine, 1 will
provide the comments.
A928/ LDB #$60
A92A/ LDX #$400
A92D/ STX <$88
A92F/ STB ,X+
A931/ CMPX #$5FF
A934/ BLS $A92F
A936/ RTS
Load the B register with $60
Load X with screen start
Update cursor position
Store the value in B at the
location X is pointing at and
increment X by one
Check for last screen byte
Loop to STB ,X+ until done
Return from routine
Well, this provides us with a simple method of clearing the
screen. Also, if we load B with the correct value, we can
simply jump to the routine at $A92A, to put the value in B
on the screen. That's pretty handy.
How about getting a keypress? Another ROM routine?
Sure, why not? The routine which most resembles the
IN KEY command of BASIC is located at $AICI. This
routine will return the value of the keypress in the A register.
The value of the keypress is in ASCII. On an ASCII conver-
sion chart, zero to eight are represented as $30 to $38. If we
subtract $30 in each case, we will end up with the correct
values we need for this task. Hmmm, the graphic blocks
which correspond to the color values are: CLS(0) = $80,
98 the RAINBOW April, 1983
PRETTY PRINTER
This M/L utility program will allow you to write your
code in as compact a form as you wish, but list itto
the screen or printer in an easy to read 'PRETTY
PRINT' format. Turn this: -
1 □ PRINT"EXAMPLE": FORX=ATO M:FORY=STO
P:Z=X +Y:PRINTZ:NEXTY:NEXTX
Into this: - 10 PRINT "EXAMPLE":
FOR X = A TO M:
FOR Y = STO P:
Z = X + Y:
PRINT Z:
NEXT Y:
NEXT X
With one simple command.
CAT. NO. 0M001 1 6K Ext $1 2.95
P.U.F.F.
Say the magic word and P.U.F.F. your printformatting
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codes will perform the following functions: -
Send control codes to your printer.
Set left and right margins at any time.
Set headers and footers.
Left, Right and Fill Justify.
Centre the next 'n' lines.
Temporary indent (neg or pos].
Plus many other features
CAT. NO. 0M002 16K Ext $24.95
CONVERT
Have you ever wondered how many cubits there are
in a furlong? With this program you can convert
units of length, volume, area or weight from or to
the equivalent Imperial, Metric, Nautical or Historical
systems of measurement.
CAT. NO. 0M006 16K Ext $9.95
DATAMAIL
The ultimate cassette based mailing list program
for home or business use. Fully customized data
collection screen allows you to set your own field
lengths and field titles. Fast machine language sort
by any column in any field. Save all or any block of
files for latter reading by DATAMAIL or your own
letter program. Merge two or more lists, search by
record number or key word in any column. One key
commands for Input, Kill, Change. Print single
records or any block of files, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 across. 32K
holds about 300 files.
CAT. NO. DM003 1 6K Ext $1 4.95
FIRST SAMPLER
Six programs for the price of one. All have been
published in popular computer magazines and are
now available on one tape at this special price.
* MATH Improve your mental math skills
WORD Make words from the supplied letters in
this gameforthe whole family.
CONVOY Can you sink the computers convoy
before it sinks yours?
BAGIT Train your memory to remember the
things you put in the bag.
VECTORS Row your boat across the river with-
out going over the falls.
AHHA Find the treasure chest in Another
Haunted House adventure. Don't get caught by
the Old Miser's ghost.
CAT. NO. DM005 16K Ext $9.95
COCOCOPY
This all M/L Program will copy BASIC or M/L
programs including most Auto Start Programs. It
will supply the beginning, ending and offset addresses
and allow you to change the load address for M/L
programs. I/O errors are ignored so that bad tapes
can be corrected. Programs can be renamed and
the motor/audio functions are controlled from the
keyboard.
CAT. NO. DM004 1 6K Ext $1 2.95
SEND $2.00 FOR OUR 25 PAGE CATALOGUE
Refunded with first order
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from
* OSBORNE
■ ■ l ■■ mm iriHhl + iiT riri
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il *■!■■»■■- i-PHFM i + M""" iLiiit
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IJLI ■ lp ■ J L ■ J L I ■ ■ ■
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I L
Box 431, Sta. B
Hamilton, Ontario
Canada LBL 7W2
1 -416-529-131 9
ALL PRICES
IN CANADIAN
DOLLARS
CLS(I) = $8F, CLS(2) = $9F, CLS(3) = $AF, CLS(4) =
$BF,CLS(5) = $CF,CLS(6) = $DF,CLS(7) = $EF,CLS(8)
= $FF.
Except f or CLS(O) all the graphic blocks are separated by
$7F. But the values from one to eight will be too small; we
need values ranging from $10 to $80, to make this work.
What we have to do is shift the values four places, which will
effectively multiply the values within by $10. Okay, I think
we're ready to program. In Listing 2, you will have the
program which will operate the same as the BASIC program
Software Review . .
in Listing I.
Listing 2:
OEOO
M M 1 MM
urvo
<t\ P" ("i ("i
v C yj yj
OEOO
BD
AQ?D
C) C) \ 1 f)
START
JSP
0E03
BD
H 1 L 1
MM 1 Tl
1 SR
*a 1 r i
0E06
27
FB
00 1 30
BED
WAIT
0E08
81
31
00 1 40
CMF : 'A
#$31
GEO A
25
10
00 1 50
BLD
ZERO
OEOC
81
38
00 1 60
CNPA
#*3B
OEOE
2E
OC
00 1 70
BGT
ZERO
OEIO
80
30
001 80
SUBA
#*30
OE12
48
00 1 90
LSLA
OE 1 3
48
00200
LSLA
0E14
48
0021 0
LSLA
OE 1 5
48
00220
LSLA
0E16
8B
7F
00230
ADDA
#*7F
0E18
IF
89
00240
TFR
A,B
OE1A
20
02
00250
BRA
CLS
OE 1 C
C6
80
00260
ZERO
LDB
#$80
OE1E
BD
A92A
00270
CLS
JSR
*A92A
0E21
20
EO
00280
BRA
WAIT
OEOO
00290
END
START
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE
For TRS 80 Color Computer & TDP 1 00
PROGRAMERS TOOLKIT
6 USEFUL TOOLS FOR THE SERIOUS COMPUTER USER
CHAINRUN - Add a single line to a Basic program and
subsequent Basic programs load and run auto-
matically. Allows program chaining.
HEXEDIT - ML program which gives full screen edit
capability in Hexadecimal or ASCII for any RAM
address in memory. Can be used to patch ML routines
in memory.
DUMP- Displays the memory contents of ML programs.
CMERGE - ML subroutine which saves the trouble
of retyping long subroutines. Merge different Basic
programs into one large program.
CROSS REFERENCE - ML program which prints line
location of all variables and sorted cross reference
list for the source and destination for every GOSUB
and GOTO statement in a Basic program.
BASIC FULL SCREEN EDIT - ML program which will
give full screen edit capability for any Basic program.
Edit programs with cursor control.
1 6K $28.95 postage paid
includes 10 pages of Documentation.
Morelon Bay
Software
TRS 80 55 Tandy Corp.
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE
A DIVISION OF MORETON BAY LABORATORY
316 Castillo Street
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
(805) 962-3127
California residents add 6% sales tax.
64K Hits The Market
With This Word Pro 'Plus'
To sum a review in one sentence, it appears that the CoCo
has finally come of age. The 64 K Screen Expander by Com-
puterware is a cassette based program that requires a 64K
color computer with Extended BASIC. A CLOADM com-
mand followed by an EXEC gives you a full 51 characters
across, 24 lines, upper and lower case screen. The program
to enable the 64K option is built-in and is automatic. What if
you hit the reset button? No sweat. The program is protected
against reset. It works too! What about the PRINT@
statement? No problem.
Actually the 51 x 24 screen is only part of the package.
Another program supplied is a "Character Set Editor" on
the reverse side of the tape. Written in BASIC the
"CHRGEN"gives you the opportunity to design your own
custom character sets. After a CLOAD and RUN you are
treated to the entire character set on the top half of the
screen. The bottom half of the screen has a menu of com-
mands and a 5 x 8 array of dots. Af ter selecting the character
you wish to alter you can either use the joystick or arrow
keys/ spacebar to design your own. After each character,
you have the choice of whether to quit or continue, or save
the set to either tape or disk. The custom character set then
may be used at any time by a CLOAD command after
running the Screen Expander.
Now, back to the main package. Even though it is not
specified, the program resides in high (SF800) memory. I
think it would have been nice of the authors to tell us exactly
where so as to prevent any wipeouts, even though it's pretty
unlikely at that location. Also, no mention is made of
whether the program is relocatable. At the same time, user
options are as follows:
HI-RES SWITCH — Regular or hi-res screen.
DISPLAY MODE — Normal or inverted characters.
PRINT@MODE — Modify syntax of PRINT® statement.
CHARACTER SET POINTER — Start of lookup table.
COPY TEXT TO GRAPHIC — Copy the hi-res text screen
to the current graphics page.
COPY GR APHICTO TEXT - Copy current graphic pages
to hi res text screen.
SETUP PAGE 0 AS PMODE 4 — Simulate PMODE 4, 0
The last three subroutines allow the combination of gra-
phics and text on a high resolution screen.
In summary, I recommend this program to anyone as an
excellent utility for whatever use you have in mind. The
program seems to be problem f ree and immune to my stand-
ard accidental "wipeout" procedures. To move the program
to disk, you may try a SA F£AT t R64K5IC ,, ,&H4000,&H48FF,
&H4000. It seems to work just fine.
(Computerware, P.O. Box 68, Encinitas, CA 92024, $24.95
tape, $29.95 disk)
— Dan Downard
100
the RAINBOW April, 1983
NEW for the Color Computer TIXS-80
'COCOCASSETTE SUBSCRIPTION SOFTWARE
*TRS 60 15 A TRADEMARK OF TANDY COMPANY
RAINBOW
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LOOK AT SOME OF THE LETTERS WE RECEIVED FROM OUR SUBSCRIBERS.
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MARION. OHIO
"I was extremely impressed by the first tape I received from you. The added extras are just super."
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the product instead. T6-D is an exception. I subscribe to several
cassette computer magazines. Yours is certainly the most creative.
The covers are original and clever. The material covered is
excellenti pine bluff. Arkansas 1 YR ( 1 2 ISSUES) . . fc^)O.UU
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PROGRAMS ARE FOR
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UTILITIES AND GAMES FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
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Speed up disk backups, helps to recover crashed disks.
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CATAL06 $ 9.95
An automatic disk file cataloging systei. File the
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COPYTAPE $ 9.95
Copy, lerge, and backup your tape based software. Works
even with lost popular pre-loader tapes.
CZAP $ 9.95
A disk inspect and iodify routine. Learn how disks
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CCRPH $12.95
A disk drive speed checking routine. Displays on your
screen the current, average, high, and low speeds of
your drive. Complete with instructions for correcting
the speed of your disk drive.
NEATDIR $ 6.95
Places the file nates of your disk directory into
alphabetical order. Hakes finding programs on your
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OFFLOAD $ 9.95
Create tape backups of your disks. A disk to tape, tape
to disk backup systet.
ONERR $12.95
An error handler for BASIC programs. Allows your
prograi to receive control whenever any error occurs.
Take control and fix your problems.
TAPEDIR $ 9.95
Create a directory of your tapes. Lists prograt naie,
length of prograi, start, end, and transfer addresses
for all programs on your tapes.
TAPELIB $12.95
A BASIC tape subroutine append routine and a starter
library of 5 subroutines, Create you own subroutine
library on tape to append to your programs.
TAPEXFER $ 9.95
Load your tape programs to disk automatically. 6reat
for Chroiassette subscribers, automatically loads an
entire issue to disk.
TREK80C $14.95
The classic Star Trek computer game. A real time game
with moving Klingons and action graphics.
Please add $1.00 shipping and handling on all orders. Pa.
residents add 61 sales tax. Canada orders must be paid in
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money order only to:
A. N. HEARN SOFTWARE
602 S. 48th Street
Philadelphia, Pa. 19143
Write for a free catalog of these and other products.
Dealer inquiries invited.
Software Review . . .
Protectors Called
Outstanding Arcade Game
Video games are really hot these days. To get a shot at
your favorite game, you will normally have to wait your turn
in the arcade, and as soon as you are killed, it costs you
another quarter to play again. With the difficulty and com-
plexity of today's games, you can very quickly spend your
entire allowance f or the week in a matter of minutes. Fortu-
nately, our CoCo is, among other things, a great game
playing machine, and the major software firms have seen fit
to translate our favorite games into a language that CoCo
can understand.
Protectors is a 32K machine language game which is
patterned af ter the popular Defender. For those of you who
are not familiar with the game, the object is to defend your
city from the waves of enemy fighters who are constantly
dropping bombs on it. In order to do this, you must zap the
enemy fighters with your laser cannon bef ore they drop their
bombs. If you can't manage to do that, you can still zap the
bombs before they hit your city. Of course, the enemy fighter
planes are not your only problem. There are heat seeking
mines, a mother ship that zeros in on you, and a sort of
mini-ship that you can barely see but you can hear. You also
have four "smart" bombs per ship and there are three skill
levels that you can choose from. There is also a pause
feature, and you get a new ship with each 5,000 points.
After you load the program and EXEC it, one of your
ships appears in the upper left hand corner of the screen, and
begins firing to the right and moving down. As it does, the
title screen begins to appear. After you select the skill level
you want, the action begins.
At first, the action is slow and there are not too many
enemy fighters or heat-seeking mines. As you complete each
"attack wave," the action speeds up and there are more
enemy fighters to contend with. At the same time, the heat
seeking mines become more difficult to avoid, and the mini-
ships and mother ship begin to harass you. At about attack
wave 10, the screen is really becoming full, and some of the
enemy fighters are turning into kamikaze fighters. Around
attack wave 15, it is almost impossible to stay alive. There
are enemy fighters, heat seeking mines, and the like all over
the place, and everything is moving about with amazing
speed. Eventually, you are killed off, and you get the chance
to give your joystick button and your fingers a well deserved
rest. So far, my best score is just under 95,000, and believe
me, you will need a rest after scoring that many points.
Protectors has outstanding graphics and sounds, and the
attention to detail is truly amazing. One of the things I liked
most about it, though, was that I was able to out-score my
brother, Steve, who can regularly double or triple my best
scores on all the other games that we have played. Protectors
is one of the finest games that I have ever seen, and it is a
must for all of you arcade game fans out there. Even if you
don't like games, you should buy it just to see what CoCo is
capable of doing in the hands of a master programmer.
(Tom Mix Software, 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, MI
49505, $24.95 tape, $27.95 disk)
— Gerry Schechter
102 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Superior Graphic St^Ueaic Products
HOME OF MOTION PICTURE PROGRAMMING
NATIONALLY ACCLAIMED PROGRAMS FOR THE
TRS-80 * COLOR COMPUTER *
RAINBOW
CtflTiF NT AUG*
SEAL
TALKING GRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION
When someone sees your CoCo and asks Just what does this thing do?" then load TALKING GRAPHIC
DEMO and let your computer do its own show and tell, complete with musical background and a running
commentary. As quoted in THE RAINBOW. This is, frankly, better than anything the people who sell the
machines have.
Extendedcolor basic Tapeonly $24.95
THE DISK DOCTOR
DISK DOCTOR That disk with the vital information you forgot to back up just crashed! Don't PANIC. Take 2
aspirin, count to 1 0, and put in an emergency gall for THE DISK DOCTOR. This program will salvage machine
language, BASIC, data, ASCII, even MPP pictures. Completely menu driven for easy use. As 80 MICRO
REVIEWER states "I feel safer when creating important files and programs having the DOCTOR on call'!"
DOS only $49.95
MPP-TUTORIAL
MPP- TUTORIAI The programming tool of the professionals. You may not be a great artist, but you too can
produce stunning, high resolution graphics. Detailed step by step instructions to create near studio quality
animation. Quote CHROMASETTE, '..if you want to seeand use the full graphic potential for your CoCo, this
program is required!"
Extended color basic - specify tape or disk
EL CASINO
EL CASINO. ...Three startling, action-packed high resolution graphic games, ideal for den and rumpus room
parties. Games are programed with MPP graphics, and each is over 14k long.
DICE GAME..
•This is the only craps game on the market that allows 4 players to make any or all of 12 field bets
before every roll. The graphic banker automatically tracks and displays bets as they are made. True Casino
action on your CoCo. BLACKJACK..
..The famous card counter not only shows the cards remaining in the deck, but computes the
odds on hitting your hand with the cards remaining. Las Vegas rules apply.
super sound effects.
H SLOT MACHINE..
..Looks and sounds like a Casino machine,
(if any) hits the tray with a nice "clunk' 1 . Adjustable odds. ..make it easy on yourself if you like.
Extended colorbasic. Specify tape or disk
POSTAGE PAID
P.O. BOX 451 CANTON, NC 28716.
For Fast Service Call 704/648-6015
•TRS-80 Trademark Tandy Corp.
3HC
;
l
GRAPHICS
16K
I
[ the 1
ECU
Paint An ASCII Border
'Round The 01' CoCo
By Ray Gauvreau
Have you got the green screen blues? Want to liven up
your title pages? Impress your friends? The following is a
short program designed to place a character border around
the alphanumeric display screen. This position independent
code is very short and very f ast and will 'paint' the edges with
any printable ASCII character, either graphic or
alphanumeric, reverse field or normal.
The routine can be created by running the BASIC
program which POKES the routine into high memory. Once
created, the code can be saved by typing in
CSVlF£M"BORDER'\16352, 16380, 16352. You can
append the BASIC lines 10 through 70 to your own basic
programs. Once in memory the routine is called by the basic
command X=USR0(Y). In this form X can be any value
because it is not used, and Y is set to the ASCII value of the
character you wish to frame with.
PAY WHAT YOU WANT
for home and business software
RS CoCo and TDP-100
16/32K Disk or Cassette
Extended Color Basic Required
Til explain some of the BASIC program. Line 10 clears
some string space and then protects high memory beginning
at 16325. This is where the code is to begin. Line 20 reads the
values stored in the DA TA statements 50 to 70 and POKES
these values one at a time into memory. Line 30 tells the
computer where to go when it encounters the USR0
command, such as the one used on line 160. The rest of this
program sets up and calls the routine. First you are asked to
INPUTa. number, then this is checked to see if it is greater
than 32767 as this is the largest value the routine can handle.
Lines 120 and 140 each call the subroutine with a different
value inside the brackets. The USR0 values don't always
correspond to the ASCII you would expect. Play with it.
The listing:
10 CLEAR200, 16352
20 FOR R= 16352 TO 16380: READ P:P
OKE r,p:next R
30 DEFUSR0= 16352
40 'THESE DATA STATEMENTS HOLD
THE MACHINE LANGUAGE ROUTINE
50 DATA 189, 179, 237, 31, 152,
142, 4, 0, 16, 142
60 DATA 4, 31, 237, 137, 1, 224,
237, 164, 49, 168
70 DATA 32, 237, 129, 140, 4, 32
, 38, 240, 57
80 'TO SAVE THE ROUTINE TYPE
CSAVEM" BORDER", 16352, 16380, 16352
90 'THE REST OF THIS PROGRAM IS
DEMONSTRATION
100 CLS : INPUT "INPUT THE ASCII
NUMBER FOR THE BORDER YOU WANT
" ; BN
110 IF BN>32767 THEN GOTO 100CLS
120 CLS RND (8) :X=USR0(BN)
130 PRINT6168, "IT'S SHOW TIME";
140 X=USR0(BN )
150 FOR R=l TO I: NEXT
160 X=USR0(BN-3)
170 FOR T=l TO I: NEXT
180 IF I>1 THEN 1=1-1 ELSE 1=50
190 IF INKEY*=""THEN140
200 GOTO 100
BUDGET RECORD
Income & outlay by 99 categories. Great ten taxes. 32k.
MAILING LIST
Makes label* printouts end alphabetized lists. M/L son.
APPOINTMENT BOOK
Prim a calendar with any number of memos/day, <32H, Requires
printer with compressed characters)
GRADE BOOK
Make rolls £i grade sheets, complete with stats and totals.
ALSO AVAILABLE
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The Fine Print*
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Free catalogue on request
104 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Software Review . . .
Kzirgla Has Good Graphics,
Sound, But Lacks Diversity
Adventure games are the best thing for microcomputers
since Space Invaders. They require skill, luck, curiosity, and
patience. I have played enough Adventures to know that
skill and curiosity are a necessity. On the whole I play text
Adventures. But it is my real dream to play graphics Adven-
tures with hundreds of rooms and zillions of treasures. Well,
if you are thinking of buying Conquest of Kzirgla for trea-
sure hunting you can forget that idea right now!
Conquest of Kzirgla is a 16 K Adventure game made by
Rainbow Connection Software. You load the game by
doing a CLOADM\ then, suddenly, a graphics display
materializes while the game is loading. That is very impres-
sive. Once loaded, it asks you if the hit point values and
strength values are to your liking. Usually they are, but it is
better to have high hit points, in my opinion. Throughout
the game the text words are expressed in an ersatz Old
English. That is a nice touch!
After youanswer"yes v, or"no, , 'you enter the high resolu-
tion graphics screen. Here you see a maze being drawn
remarkably fast. I was extremely impressed by the way the
mazes were constructed and drawn. When the entire maze is
drawn, two little figures are put on the screen: your charac-
ter and the wizard. By the way, your goal is to destroy this
wizard by any means possible. Unfortunately, if you get too
close to him in the beginning it is automatic suicide! Not
only do you have to kill him, but you have to do battle with
his henchmen.
There are six creatures who have only one goal in mind.
That goal is to destroy you in any way possible. The crea-
tures' names are very unusual. The six names are Cellapod,
Centapor, Mantoid, Jartrex, Cadaver and Tantrite. Each
monster has its own strengths and weaknesses. As you go
deeper into the mazes more creatures appear. I have made it
all the way into level 10 and have seen the next to last
creature, Cadaver.
The nice thing about this game is that your character
moves very fast and has a nice shape. Some games make
your character look like a dot or a square. You are capable
of firing fireballs or deathrays. Also, you obtain weapons
such as clubs and daggers as the game goes on. The only
catch is that for every fireball, deathray or shield used, you
use so much energy. The numbers and letters at the bottom
of the screen flow very smoothly and have a nice look about
them.
The instruction manual that comes with the game is very
informative. It explains your goal and describes the mons-
ters. I would hate to meet any of them in a dark alley! (Or
anywhere besides my CoCo screen, for that matter.) Also, it
gives you a list of commands and what they do.
This is a well-constructed Adventure game, but I must say
this: though at first, the adventure is fun and interesting, it
soon becomes monotonous. All you do is kill. There are no
treasures to find or special spells to cast. By the time I got to
level 10, the boredom had overtaken me.
The next time Rainbow Connection Software makes a
maze Adventure they should think about putting treasures
and spells in the game. Also, it would have been nice if they
had a game save feature in the program. If you are interested
in purchasing a game for great graphics and fantastic sound,
this is the game for you. On the other hand, if you want to
buy a game to search for treasures and use your mind this is
not the one.
(Rainbow Connection Software, 3514 6th Place N.W.,
Rochester, MN 55901, $21.95 cassette, $26.95 disk)
—Ken Ostrer
MASTER DIRECTORY
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HO residents include 5.6257. sales ta>.\
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 105
USING GRAPHICS
OLYGONS !
By Don Inmnn
Rainbow Contributing Editor
This is the seventh of a series of articles on the graphic
capabilities of Extended Color BASIC on the TRS-80 Color
Computer. It goes beyond the material that was covered in
the book TRS-80 Color Computer Graphics. The material is
copyrighted by Don Inman.
"A polygon is a plane figure consisting of n points, pi , p2,
p3, , pn, called vertices, and of n line segments pip2, p2p3,
...... pn-i p n , p n pi called sides. A polygon of three sides is a
triangle; of four sides is a quadrilateral, or five sides is a
pentagon, , of n sides is an n-gon."(From Mathematics
Dictionary by James and James; D. Van Nostrand Com-
pany, Inc.)
In this article, we will restrict our discussion to regular
polygons. A polygon is regular if its sides are equal and its
interior angles are equal.
Examples:
Triangle
n-3
Quatrilateral
n = 4
Hexagon
n = 6
Pentagon
n = 5
In last month's article, a general program was developed
which drew a rectangle when given its height (H), and width
(W) and the coordinates of one vertex (corner), XO,YO. It
was discovered that the rectangle could be rotated by using
the sine and cosine functions to draw the lines at an angle to
the horizontal or vertical axes.
X2,Y2
XI, Yl
X0,Y0
solid line — rotated rectangle
dotted line — original rectangle
I)
2)
3)
XI = X0 + COS(A) * L
YI=Y0 — SIN(A)*L
X2 = XI — SIN(A)* H
Y2 = YI — COS(A)* H
X3 = X2 — COS(A)* L
Y3 = Y2 + SIN(A) * L
Since all sides of a regular polygon are equal, it would
seem that a similar, but simpler, technique could be devel-
oped for regular polygons. Let's first examine a specific case,
the regular pentagon.
Starting at the lower left corner X0,Y0, draw a line of
length L with no rotation (A = 0) to the pont X1,YI.
y
* /
* i
t
X0,Y0
X1,Y1
It is clear that X 1 = XO+Land Yl =Y0. But, since the cosine
of zero degrees equals 1 and the sine of zero degrees equals 0,
106 the RAINBOW April, 1983
the relationships could have been stated as:
XI = XO + COS(O) * L and Y I = YO + SIN(O) * L
Next, consider the angle A between the extended line
from X0,Y0 through XI,YI and the line segment from
XI,YI toX2,Y2.
X0,Y0
X1,Y1
Angle A = 180 - 108 = 72 degrees
Angle A, as shown in the diagram is called an external angle.
From what was learned about rotated rectangles last month,
the coordinates of X2,Y2 can be stated as:
X2 = XI + COS(72) * L and Y2 = YI + SIN(72) * L
Turning the next corner through Angle A, we have the
line segment from X2,Y2 to X3,Y3. The angle of rotation as
measured from the horizontal is now A 4- A = 144 degrees.
/
/
X3,Y3 /
w
X0,Y0 X1,Y1
At this point, I would like to make the conjecture that the
coordinates for the point X3,Y3 can be stated as:
X3 = X2 + COS(l I) * L and Y3 = Y2 + SIN(144) * L
Proceding through point X4,Y4 and back to XO, YO, this
conjecture would lead to general equations for any coordi-
nate pair that describes a vertex of the pentagon.
Given X0,Y0 with N>I,
Xn= Xn-t + COS({n-I)*A) * L
Yn = Yn-i + SIN((n-I)*A) * L
3*A
4*A
If this is true, a regular pentagon can be drawn by the
computer using a BASIC program with two known
variables:
L = length of the equal sides
X0,Y0 = coordinates of one vertex
Now look at the size of the external angles of the following
regular polygons.
n = 6 n = 5
n*A = 360 n*A = 360
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April, 1983 the RAINBOW 107
it appears that the sum of the external angles of any
regular polygon is 360 degrees. Another way to state this is
that if you know the number of sides (N) of a regular
polygon, an external angle can be found by:
A = 360/N
If this is true, any regular polygon can be drawn by a
computer using a BASIC program with three known
variables:
N = number of sides
L = length of one side
X0,Y0 = the coordinates of one vertex
Keeping in mind that the angles for trigonometric
functions must be stated in radians for the BASIC program
and that 2tt radians = 360 degrees, a single FOR-NEXT
loop can be set up to do all the work.
First define some variables:
N = number of sides
A = angle in radians
S = 27r/N the step for the loop
P = 2tt — S the exit limit of the loop
With XI = X0 and YI = Y0 as the loop is entered, the
FOR-NEXT loop becomes: negative to convert dis .
FOR A = 0TOPSTEPS / p i ay to Cortesian coor-
X2 = X 1 + COS(A) * L / dinates
Y2 = YI — SIN(A) * L * .8«— adjustment for screen
LINE(X I , Y 1 )— (X2, Y2),PSET distortion
XI = X2: YI = Y2 end point of one line
NEXT A becomes start of next
The following program was written so that the pentagon
drawing portion is a subroutine. In this way, it can be added
to any program that you wish. The main program is written
in three function modules.
1. Input
This module clears the text screen and then requests the
inputs N, L, and X0,Y0 in succession.
Number of sides ? 3
Number of sides ? 3
Length of sides ? 80
Number of sides ? 3
Length of sides ? 80
Initial X,Y ? 40,40
2. Screen Set-up
This module sets the graphics screen to two-color, high
resolution and sets the colors to provide black lines on a
green background.
3. Program Control
This module inverts the Y axis so that the first quadrant of
the Cartesian Coordinate System is displayed. It also allows
for a correction factor of 0.8 to the Y axis. The drawing
subroutine is called, and upon return, INKEYS is used to
hold the graphics screen until a key is pressed. At that point,
a return is made to the first module.
The subroutine uses the FOR-NEXT loop, described
previously, to draw the desired polygon.
Listing for Regular Polygons
END
01C4
("I CAN TALK!") TALK PROCESSOR
Quick and easy to use. No programming required. Has
26 common words. Justtype in 2-letter codes and make
hundreds of statements in 3 voices. Uses digitally
recorded human speech. "Extremely clear". Rated good -
Rainbow Nov. 82 16K Ext. Basic $14.95
"ADD-A- VOICE" - to your own Basic programs.
A machine language utility (uses 4 K). Generate digitized
human speech with just a few simple Basic commands.
GAME SET (I, WIN, GOT, YOU, etc.) and QUIZ SET (YES,
NO, RIGHT, GOOD, etc.). You get both sets - 25 words
total. Specify 1 6K or 32K. Needs no Ext. Basic. $14.95
SUB-MISSION - HI-RES COLOR ACTION GAME
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For immediate shipment send certified check or money order.
Personal check orders shipped in 2 weeks. Send to H.I.B., 3505
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6 p.m Add $1 00 for shipping.
I - - n RAINBOW
H . I . D . SO FT WA R E CERT £r oN
FOR THE TRS 80 COLOR COMPUTER
100 REM *** INPUT
110 CLS
120 INPUT "NUMBER OF SIDES" ; N
130 INPUT "LENGTH OF SIDES" ;L
140 INPUT"INITIAL X,Y";X1,Y1
150 *
200 REM *** SCREEN SET UP ***
210 PMODE 4, 1
220 PCLS1
230 COLOR 0, 1
240 SCREEN 1,0
250 *
300 REM *** PROGRAM CONTROL ***
310 Y1=181-.8*Y1
320 GOSUB 5000
330 IF INKEY*="" THEN 330 ELSE 1
10
340 END
350 '
5000 REM *** POLYDRAWSUB ***
5010 S=6.2832/N
5020 P=6.2832-S+.01
5030 FOR A = 0 TO P STEP S
5040 X2=X1+C0S<A)*L
5050 Y2=Y1-SIN<A)*.8*L
5060 LINE (XI, Y1)-<X2, Y2) , PSET
5070 X1=X2: Y1=Y2
5080 NEXT A
5090 RETURN
108
the RAINBOW April, 1983
Fly your spaceship through
enemy Starbases. Avoid
guided missies, lasers, and
firing turrets! Can you reach
their leader. . . ZAKSUND?
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(412) 795-8492
m -
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many other fine programs!
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$27.95 Disk
Add $1 Postage and Handling
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32K
MACHINE
LANGUAGE
Screen Displays
Inputs
Inputs
A
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
N = 3
L = 80
X,Y = 40,40
\
\
N = 6
L = 60
X,Y = 60,40
/
N = 4
L = 80
X,Y = 40,40
N = 5
L = 60
X,Y = 60,40
/
\
N = 8
L = 40
X,Y = 80,40
N = 12
L = 30
X,Y = 80,40
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Mathematics teachers take great joy in pointing out to
their students that a regular polygon approaches a circle as
the number of sides increase and the length of the sides
decrease. The Regular Polygon program can be used to
demonstrate that fact. However, by making a few changes,
you can put polygons alongside each other that differ in just
that way. The program will automatically increase the
number of sides and decrease their length as each successive
polgon is drawn.
These changes will do the job:
1. Delete lines 120, 130, and 140
2. Add these lines:
250 for N = 3 TO 15 STEP 3
260 X1 = 18*N-54: Yl =80
270 L=120/N
3. Replace lines 330 and 340 with:
330 FOR W = 1 TO 200: NEXT W
340 NEXT N
4. Add:
350 IF INKEYS = " " THEN 350 ELSE 1 10
360 END
370'
The complete listing follows with a sample screen display
of its execution.
Listing for Manypol
100 REM *** INPUT
110 CLS
150 *
200 REM *** SCREEN
SET UP ***
110 the RAINBOW April, 1983
210 PMODE 4, 1
220 PCLS1
230 COLOR 0 , 1
240 SCREEN 1,0
250 FOR N=3 TO 15 STEP3
260 Xl=18*N-54: Yl=80
270 L=120/N
280 '
300 REM *** PROGRAM CONTROL ***
310 Y1=181-.8*Y1
320 GOSUB 5000
330 FOR W=l TO 200: NEXT W
340 NEXT N
350 IF INKEY*="" THEN 350 ELSE 11
Screen display for Manypol Program
% i
t t
1 I
1 1
'A
1 %
1 V
1 t
« I
0
360 END
370 '
5000 REM *** POLYDRAWSUB ***
5010 S=6.2832/N
5020 P=6-2832-S+.01
5030 FOR A = 0 TO P STEP S
5040 X2=X1+C0S<A)*L
5050 Y2=Y1-SIN<A)*.8*L
5060 LINE(X1, Y1)-(X2, Y2) , PSET
5070 X1=X2: Y1=Y2
5080 NEXT A
5090 RETURN
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April, 1983 the RAINBOW 111
Micro-Meltdown
A Nuclear Reactor Simulation
By
Chris Latham
and
John Erickson
(Editor's Note: The following article and program, as
well as others in this issue, are intended to acquaint
Rainbow readers with the concept of computer Simu-
lations. NUKE SIM was especially commissioned by
the Rainbow to help kick off our Simulation Contest.
In order to ensure that we had a first-rate Simulation
to serve as an example, we contacted two top-flight
programmers whose accomplishments — Chris
Latham, for instance, is the author of Donkey King —
are too numerous to be listed here. Their NUKE SIM
program, however, is listed here, in its entirety. I sit a
good one? Well, here at the Rainbow, we feel like
patrons of the arts.)
The obvious first steps to any project based on practical
engineering are toward research. In this case, the local pub-
lic library provided the texts (listed below) which became the
basis for the nuclear reactor simulator program, NUKE
SIM.
Another extremely helpful step is the enlistment (or draft-
ing if necessary) of a kindly engineer conversant with the
field in question. In this case, engineering advice was pro-
vided by Mr. Gary Sandburg; who, when suitably bribed
with a cherry walnetto, proved a marvel at digging out his
old physics textbooks.
It would seem prudent to seek a general understanding of
the operations involved in the selected topic; then press for
the "what went wong" of it all. This time around, the events
at Three Mile Island provided most helpful insight into
operations (and breakdowns) in normal and extremely
abnormal conditions.
A final note relates to the accuracy of NUKE SIM'S
operation. A layman cannot acquire enough practical
knowledge and understanding within 30 days to design and
program an accurate-in-all-detail model of such a complex
power plant. What follows, then, is an approximation which
112 the RAINBOW April, 1983
still has many of its own surprising quirks, compounded by
others more representative of the thermodynamics involved.
The program, at times, develops a curious disregard for the
wishes and intentions of the operator — a disregard which
remains a mystery to its authors.
The following apparati have been deleted because of
memory and/ or time constaints:
1 Steam generator
3 Primary coolant pumps
48 Various pumps between the turbines and the secondary
feedwater pumps
28 Polishers (mineral filters)
2 Code relief valves
1 Pressure relief valve
1 Let down valve
3 Core coolant pumps
And a partridge in a pear tree.
Workings
The operation of a nuclear power plant is much the same
as that of a steam locomotive. A heat source is applied to a
vessel partially filled with water, producing steam under
pressure. The steam is used to either turn wheels (the motive
in locomotive) or electrical generators (the motive in power
plants). So, the simulator in hand is largely a plain old steam
plant. A plant fired by oil, gas or coal would function in the
same manner except, or course, its waste products would
not require 150,000 years of close arrest.
The nuclear core in such a power plant is capable of 3,41 1
megawatts of thermal energy, which is available as 1092
megawatts of electricity — which amounts to 32 percent effi-
ciency. This is the coal fire in the steam plant and heats the
water in the primary loop. The water is kept at 2155 psi and
580° F to prevent the formation of steam voids in the loop of
three-foot diameter pipes. Such voids are as effective as
closed valves in preventing coolant flow.
The pressurizer is a large vessel connected to the "out"
side of the reactor core vessel. This is knownas the "hot" side
ofthe loop since thecoolant is at a high of 613° F. It is in the
pressurizer that the one and only steam void is allowed to
form in the primary loop. This void acts as an adjustable
spring to provide pressure control in the loop; the adjust-
ment being provided by a value (VI) to release steam and
thus pressure and a water inlet (V2) which sprays water to
cool the steam and lower the pressure.
Farther along the loop is the steam generator where the
heat from the primary loop is passed to the secondary loop.
The temperature is thus reduced to 547° F in the primary
with a corresponding rise in temperature in the secondary.
The coolant now enters the primary coolant pumps.
There are two of these pumps for each of the two steam
generators — and they are of interesting size and power. The
10,000 horsepower motors can push an aggregate 270,000
gallons of coolant into the core each minute. Consider for a
moment the possibilities. You could fill your swimming pool
in just three seconds, the overspray easily accommodating
your hot tub. You could wash your car. Away. Forever. The
possibilities boggle the mind! But 1 digress.
Also included in the primary loop is the array of pumps
and valves designed to add "makeup" coolant when neces-
sary. (This is represented in this program by a single pump
-P4).
On to the secondary or auxiliary loop. The steam genera-
tor "heat sinks" the primary loop and absorbs some 66
degrees of heat, which raises the secondary coolant parame-
ters to about 1010 psi and 547° F. The steam thus generated
is directed, first, to a high pressure and, second, to a low
pressure turbine and then through a condenser which sinks
remaining heat to a third coolant loop. It is this third loop
which finally leaves the buildingand is, itself, cooled in those
great thumping cooling towers. The secondary coolant, now
cooled to its lowest temperature, proceeds to the "polishers"
where unwanted minerals are removed and then back into
the generator via the feedwater pump. And so on and so on,
and round and round.
Operations
The program graphics are innocent of labels since anyone
operating this program for a short length of time would soon
find them redundant and distracting. Operators needing a
memory refresh are advised to ask for LIST or EXIT after
pushing (and patiently holding) the down arrow key in order
to call the prompt — "Directive?". The CLE A R key is used to
return from the RODS control.
Pumps are P I ON or P 1 OFF with the exception of pump
4, which must do double duty and so has the commands
P4IN and P40UT.
Valves are likewiseas simple, VI OPEN or VI CLOSE will
give predictable results.
In writing this program, it became necessary to have a
screen dump of the graphics drawing. To do this, a short
BASIC program was written that sends the upper 120 lines
ofthe screen to a line printer VII. This short routine remains
in lines 1460 to 1530, and may be used by typing PRINT at
the 'DIRECTIVE?' question. Do make sure your printer is
on.
Further than this, there is only the random trouble gener-
ator in line 1030 to warn about. The operator is advised to
remainalert or introduce the letters REM right after this line
number. And, of course, STOP is used to end the program.
One last and very important note: you must CSA F£this
program immediately after typing it in!
DO NOT attempt to run it until you have the ML pro-
gram in place and the whole thing on tape or on disk! Then,
turn your CoCo off and then on again and CLOAD (or
whatever). If the program should find an error and dump
you while still in the graphics mode, you must type
A=USRI(0) to get to someplace safe.
The Program
The program is divided into the following sections:
10 — 70 Housekeeping
80—670 Graphics
680—1150 Operations
1 160—1800 Commmands
1810— END Exits
A real attempt was made to make the variables indicate
their functions; such as, ET(4) is the Event Timer for Operat-
ing Condition 4 (OC(4)) and AF(4) is the Alarm Flag for
alarm condition 4.
Subroutines were kept as close as practicable to the
"front" of the program to help speed operation. Wherever
possible, if an operation was to be used more than once, it
was configured as a subroutine.
And that, Bro' Jake, is about as structured as we get. In
the development of NUKE SIM, it became apparent that
information in the form of text and numbers needed to be
displayed on the H I-RES screen along with the graphics. As
you may know, using DRA f^and LINE is not an adequate
way of putting characters on the screen, mainly because of
the slow speed of interpreted BASIC and the memory
requirements. Therefore, an alternate means was chosen;
that is, the use of a machine language program.
This program had two basic requirements. First, it had to
be invisible to the BASIC program. Second, it had to be
written in Position Independent Code. The latter so that it
could easily be added to the end of the BASIC program,
thereby avoiding two separate loads. Those familiar with the
6809 microprocessor may already understand that this is
very easy to do, whereas, with other chips, it is not so easy
(Hooray 6809!).
It was decided thatsimple PRINT@ statements would be
used to put the text on the screen. In other words, it would
intercept BASIC'S print to the screen routine, draw the text,
then return control to BASIC. As it turns out, there is a nice
hook to use for the intercept; the hook at $ 1 67. In Extended
Color BASIC (which is what NUKE SIM is designed for),
the byte at $ 1 67 contains a J M P. The next two bytes are the
location, so a new address is put there; the address of the
M/L program.
In reading the listing, you may note that one other hook
was used, the one at $19A. This allows us to disable the
BREAK key, thereby increasing the speed of the program.
This routine is not foolproof; the BREAK key sometimes
may still break, so 1 advise against pushing it. To exit the
program, type STOP. This resets the hooks to their old
addresses so a reset is not required.
The operation ofthe program will not be discussed here;
the comments should shed some light. 1 will say, however,
that an editor/ assembler should be used for entering it, as it
is 843 bytes long.
The steps for tying the two programs together are very
simple. First, type in the BASIC program, checking for
syntax errors along the way. Line 1 0 is very critical since this
is where the machine language program is executed. The
assembly program is ORGed at 0000 as is written in the
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 113
listing. Now, load the BASIC program and PRINT
PEEK(21) * 256 + PEEK{2%). This is the end of the BASIC
program. If this number were 10605, you would type
CLOADM "HIRESTXT", 10605. The M/L program is
now at the end of your BASIC program.
The laststep is to change the pointers at 27 and 28. Take
your number (in this case 10605), and add 843 to it (843 is the
length, you'll recall). The new number would be 11448.
Divide this number by 256 and poke the whole number
(positive integer) into 27. 1 1448/ 256 =44.71 875 so 44 would
be put in 27. Now, multiply 44 by 256 and subtract this from
the original number (1 1448). This leaves 184, so poke this
into 28. Do not, repeat, do not run the program at this time,
as other pointers are not set properly. Save this program as
NUKE SIM. Now CLOAD and have a good time being a
nuclear engineer.
This program is intended as an example of a simulation
program to help contest entrants in the Rainbow's upcom-
ing event and not as a state-of-the-art mastepiece. Time
constraints prevented a full debugging, (although the oppor-
tunity to prove my theory that programs are best tested by
ninth grade science students was passed up with much
regret) so there are centain to be flaws in the application of
the laws of thermodynamics. If the reader should come
across operational quirks disturbing to the intellect, he
should on no account contact the authors; who have, with
the printing of this page, washed their hands of the whole
mess.
Bibliography:
Hodgman, Charles D., M .S. "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"Cleve-
land, Ohio: Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., 1957
Martin, Daniel "Three Mile Island: Prologue or Epilogue?" Cambridge,
Mass.: Ballinger, 1980
Nero Jr., Anthony V. "A Guidebook to Nuclear Reactors" Berkeley, Calif.:
Univ. of Calif. Press, 1979
Stephens, Mark "Three Mile Island" New York: Random House, 1980
ftP**r* THE MOST COMPLETE LIST OF
EDUCATIONAL COLOR COMPUTER M
PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES
Only
per cassette
Biology
Weather Forecaster
Physics
A partial list —
• Add
• Algebra
• Alphabet
• Planetary Positions
• Flash cards for German, French,
Spanish, States and Capitals
Programs for — TRS 80 Color Computer,
VIC 20, Atari 400, Timex-Sinclair
Many more! From Kindergarten through graduate
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MOSES ENGINEERING COMPANY
P. O. Box 11038 • Ardmore Hwy. Station
Huntsville, Alabama 35805
(205) 837-3356
The listing:
1 ******* NUKE SIM ********
*NUCLEAR REACTOR SIMULATOR*
♦VERSION 1.0 COPYRIGHT <C>*
*1983 BY JOHN ERICKSON AND*
*CRIS LATHAM WRITTEN UNDER*
♦CONTRACT FROM THE RAINBOW*
****** JESUS IS LORD ******
10 CLS : CLE AR500 : A=PE;EK ( 27 ) *256+P
EEK (28) : A=A-843: DEFUSR0=A: DEFUSR
l=A+33: A=USR0 (0) : PM0DE3, 1 : PCLS (6
) : GOSUB200: GOSUB210: PRINTQ320, "
RED SCREEN HIT ENTER
GREEN SCREEN HIT SPACEBAR"
20 A=RND ( T I MER ) : A*= I NKE Y* : I FA*= "
11 THEN20ELSE I FA*=CHR* ( 32 ) THENC 1 =7
: C2=6ELSE I F A*=CHR* (13) THENC 1 =6 : C
2=7ELSEGOTO20
30 CLS : A=USR 1 ( 0 ) : D I MS0 ( 6 ) , S 1 < 6 ) ,
S2(6) ,S3(6) ,54(6) ,S5(3) ,S6(3) ,R1
(4) ,A*(1) ,V1*(21) , AF(5) , AL*(5) ,0
C(8) ,0T(8) :FORI=0TO3:READS5(I) ,S
6(1): NEXT: FORI=0TO21 : READV1* ( I ) :
NEXT: FORI=0TO5: READAL* ( I ) : NEXT
40 DATA 78,100,160,79,160,43,212
, 1 00 , RODS , P 1 ON , P 1 OFF , P20N , P20FF ,
P30N , P30FF , P4 IN, P40UT , P40FF , HEAT
ON , HEATOFF , V 1 OPEN , V 1 CLOSE , V20PEN
, V2CL0SE > MON 1 , M0N2 , AL , L I ST , STOP ,
EXIT
50 DAT ARE ACTOR TRIPPED, PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVE OPEN, LOW COOLANT IN
STEAM GENERATOR, PRESSUR I ZER HEA
TER TRIPPED, SECONDARY FEEDWATER
PUMP OFF, TURBINES TRIPPED
60 timer=0:ot=0:rh=32:ctp=97:pp=
2 1 55 : P 1 =2 1 55 : PT=580 : PW=200 : GW=28
8: sp=1010: st=547: oc ( l ) =1 : oc (2) =1
: R=2 1 29 - 9955 : SR=2059 .1161: PV=2 1 2
1 . 1 : VS= 1 060 . 55 : G V=3700 : TC=547 : TH
=6 1 3 : A 1 *= " V3 1 L 1 00O4GL5G- " : A2*= " L
100BL5C"
70 A3*= " L255 V20O 1 ADCFBP 1 55V3 1 ADC
FB AGED V 1 5 ADCFB AGED V6 ADCFB V4 AGED "
: GOTO 11 60
80 PM0DE3 , 1 : C0L0R4 , 1 : V*= " L2D 1 G 1 D
4F1D1R2BR1 1R2U1E1U4H1U1L2" : P*="D
114 the RAINBOW April, 1983
"h
ft
COLOR TERM + PLUS +
An Intelligent Terminal Program For The Color
Computer or TDP 100.
Features!
BAUD RATE - 110 to 19200
Half or Full Duplex
One or two .Stop Bits
Odd, Even or No Parity
Word WRAP
Turn off Lowercase Letters
Send All Control Characters
Print Buffer
Examine Buffer
Send & Receive BASIC or Machine Language Programs
or Files.
Editor aliows entry of text into Buffer as well as
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(Disk Version Has more powerful Editor)
Special Feature:
Code & Decode ANYTHING in the Buffer for Secure
Transmission or Storage Using a User defined key word
PRICE $29.95 (Tape) $39.95 (Disk) Kik or :*2k lieq.
TAPENAME
Tapename searches tape and stores the name of any
program or file. You can print the information to the
screen, printer or tape. Also checks for load errors.
4k, Kik, or :*2k Reg. or Ext. BASIC.
PRICE $7.95 (tape)* I)
COLOR DIsiTSAVE R
Saves a disk to tape. Reloads disk from saved tape. Also
has tape verify command! <J2k Ext. BASIC Retj.
PRICE $12.95 (tape)** I)
CURSOR II
Hate that hlinking cursor? Tired of seeing the computer
print "OK' 1 after your program just bombed? Cursor II
changes the cursor to a solid, non flashing red. Enter
any message up to 200 characters in length. Your
message will he displayed instead of "OK".
4k, Ink, or32k Reg. or Ext. BASIC.
PRICE $4.95 (tape)*
SUPER PEEKER
This is a BASIC program that will allow the user to ex-
plore the inside of the color computer. Explore the
possibilities with Super Peeker.
Kik or ;l2k Ext. BASIC Req.
PRICK $9.95 (tape)**
COLOR BIORHYTHM Are you up or down today,
tomorrow, or years from now? Find out with COLOR
BIORHYTHM. Uses high res graphics. Send the chart to
printer. Kik or ;i2k Kxt. BASIC Req.
PRICK $14.95 (tape) D
DD CLOCK Don't forget what time it is when you are
programming. The time is displayed in the upper right
corner of your screen. Shows hours, minutes and
seconds. Beeps every hour.
4k, Kik, or :*2k. (Kxt. BASIC not required.)
PRICE $9.95 (tape)* D
AUTO LOAD Auto Load will put any program or file
from tape to disk! All machine language programs that
load below the top of your disk system are modified so
that they will operate properly with a disk system!
Kik or :*2k Ext. BASIC Req
PRICE $12.95 (tape)*D
*Software Authors Note*
We are looking for quality software'. If you have a pro
gram you think is a winner, send it to us. If it meets our
standards, you will he paid TOP royalties.
V UNDERGROUND
Tired of playing adventure games that have a limited
vocabulary? Underground gives a detailed description
of your surroundings, just like a main-frame adventure!
There are over 90 separate rooms, passageways, etc.
Discover what the mysterious machine does, what lies in
the Egyptian sarcophagus, how do you tame the guard-
ian of Hell's Gate, where is the fabled golden apple?
Everything is up to you. You give the orders, you are the
hero. This adventure is not for the faint of heart! You
can suspend your game at any time and continue later.
Takes from 5 to 20 hours to play.
32K ext. BASIC Req. PRICE $26.95 Disk only
COLOR DOCTOR
Discuss your problems with your computer. Color Doc-
tor will discuss your problems with you. This is a great
party program! Your friends will not believe that your
computer is talking back to them! Is it intelligent? It sure
seems like it!
KiK ext. BASIC Req. PRICE $15.95 (tape) D
, GALACTIC MATH
*
Load this game into your computer and start playing!
This is a math tutor that is really an arcade game! Keep
those saucers from landing! There are no "happy faces"
or "funny clowns" in this math program. This is a multi-
level addition and multiplication quiz. You select the dif-
ficulty level. This program uses high resolution color
graphics and shows the score, elapsed time, number of
hit s, number of misses and number of "bases" left to t he
player. Adults may start this game, but the kmln will
finish it! This program has been teacher and kid tested.
Realistic explosions and laser fire sounds make this pro-
gram a winner! This program rates an A + . For grades 1
and up.l(iKor;J2 Ext BASIC Req. PRICE $ 15.95 (tape)D
COLOR KEY COMMAND
Looking for a powerful programmer's aid, but you don't
have a fortune to spend? This program is for you! Look
at these features: two keystroke entry of more than 80
Basic, Extend Basic, and Disk Basic commands. Select
the color of your cursor. Select the prompt you want —
no more "OK" when a program bombs! Automatic line
numbering — you select the start line and increment! 4
custom programmable keys for a total of 64 characters
each — enter whole lines with two key presses! Copy
any line with the copy command. Merge tape programs
together automatically. Redefine any or all keys with a
short basic program we supply. How can you get all this
and more for so little? Because you make the keyboard
overlay! We give you a template with all commands
printed on it — you cut it out and use it. That is all there
is to it! Note: Not all features are available on every
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properly. 16K or 32K Req. PRICE $18.95 (tape)* D
* All machine code D Disk Compatible
* * BASIC wit h machine code subroutines
Specify Disk when ordering and add $5.00 per program.
Save money and ask that all ordered programs he loaded
on one disk. You pay only for the one disk! Please add
$2.00 shipping and handling on all orders. No extra
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Allow two weeks for personal checks. Your order will
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Send orders to:
DOUBLE DENSITY SOFTWARE
920 Baldwin Street
j| Denton, Texas 7<;201
3 Z) I'hone 817/5o(>-2004.
VISA
1 0L24U 1 0R6E6R6F6 " : FOR I = 1 T04 : PCLS
1 : DRAWBM24, 6XP*; " : ONI GOTO90, 10
0. 110. 120
90 GET (6, l)-(22, 15), S0 , G : DRAW 11 BM
15, 1D14R2U14":GET(6, l)-(22, 15) ,S
1, g:next
100 draw" bm8, 8r14d1l14d1r14" : get
(6, l)-(22, 15) , S2,G:NEXT
1 10 DRAW 11 BM 1 1 , 3M+12, +10D1M-12, -1
0D1M+12,+10":GET(6, l)-(22, 15) , S3
,g:next
120 DRAW"BM22, 3M-12, +10D1M+12, -1
0D1M-12,+10":GET(6, l)-(22, 15) ,S4
,g:pclsi
1 30 DRAW " C 1 ; BM0 , 0R2D 1 ; C4D33L2NU3
3D1 11 : COLORC1 : DRAW" R2" : GET (0, 0) - (
3, 35) , Rl , G: C0L0R4: PCLS1 : GOSUB140
: GOSUB150: GOSUB370: GOSUB400: GOSU
B160: GOSUB260: GCSUB430: GOSUB510:
PAINT (31, 112) ,C1,4:GOSUB200:GOTO
210
1 40 DRAW " BM73 , 1 07D6L44U 1 0L 1 5U40R
1 5U58R 1 04D 1 02R74D6L 1 1 0U6R28U96L8
9D43R28D32R20U6L4H8U2 1 L 1 4U40R6D3
6R8E8R4U28R6D28R4F8D25G8L4D 1 0L3 1
U32L22D5R 1 4D40L 1 4D4R35BM80 , 70R 1 4
D5L 1 4U5BM84 , 0D5R6U5BM255, 107L24D
6R24BM58, 0D5R6U5" : RETURN
RANS
T
See you at RAINBOWf est !
C.C.Calc *25
Our own Electronic Spreadsheet for the Color Coaputer is a
sophisticated but easy to use calculating and planning
prograa. C.C.Calc takes the drudgery out of budgeting,
taxes, and other planning activities. Reviewers have
called it "Impressive", "Just Right", and "Powerful".
You'll call it a Great Value. 32K Cas. or Disk.
C.C.File %1
A nifty little data base package with lots of uses.
C.C. Writer *30
A quick to learn and easy to use word processor. Right
justification, Blobal coflwands, etc. Norks with any
printer including daisy wheels. 16-32K Cas, 32K Disk.
C.C. Mailer *20
hailing list data base for CoCo and any printer. From 90
to over 1000 records depending on your systea. The
C.C.Kerger option aerges Name and Address with C.C. Writer
letters. Up to 4 line Address. Disk or Cassette - $20,
With C.C.Kerger option - $25 (Requires C.C. Writer)
Mailer/Merger/Writer Pkg. *50
194 Lockwood
Bl oomi ngdal e , IL 60108
(Personal Checks are Welcoae)
RAINBOW
150 DRAW 11 BM 124, 100NU80L6H8U65E8R
6BR8ND80R7F8D3R8U6R8D 1 2L 1 6D 1 4R8D
6L8D30R8D6L9G8L5BM 1 79 , 24NL8D6R28
U6R8D 1 2L44U 1 2BM222 , 24D62L 1 2U5H3L
8ND 1 7L9G3D5L8D6R8D5F3R3NU 1 7R 1 1 NU
17R3E3U5R20U68L7" : RETURN
1 60 DRAW " BM 1 78 , 50R26D 1 8R 1 8D6L25U
1 8L 1 8U6BM255 , 68L24D6R24BM 1 83 , 24L
32U 1 9R32D 1 9U8NR 1 9U 1 NR 1 9U 1 NR 1 9U 1 R
1 9U8D 1 9R32U 1 9NL32D8R2 1D1L21D1R21
D 1 L2 1 BM230 , 40R 1 0D4R 1 5BD4L 1 5D8R 1 5
BD4L 1 5D4L 1 0BL8L 1 0U24R9 "
1 70 DRAW " BM 1 80 , 1 6L3G5L 1 5U5L4U3R4
U5R15F5R4": PAINT (162, 15) ,4,4:DRA
W " BM232 , 1 6L3G5L 1 5U5L4U3R4U5R 1 5F5
R4": PAINT (228, 15) ,4,4
180 DRAW"BM96, 105XP*; BM178, 48XP*
; BM178, 84XP*; BM230, 105XP*; BM56, 2
0XV*;BM82,20XV*; ": paint (60,0) ,C2
, 4: PAINT (60, 20) ,C2, 4: PAINT (218, 7
3) ,C2,4:PAINT(235,73) ,C2,4:PAINT
(234, 1 12) ,C2, 4: LINE (215, 51) -(239
,51 ) ,PSET: PAINT (227, 52) ,C1„4:PAI
NT(227,50) ,4,4
190 PAINT(194,35) , 4, 4: PAINT (217,
52) ,C2,4: PAINT (237, 52) ,C2,4:PAIN
T (217, 50) ,C 1,4: PAINT (237, 50) ,C1,
4:C0L0RC1 : LINE (215, 51) -(221, 51 ) ,
PSET:LINE(233,51)-(239,51 ) ,PSET:
C0L0R4 : RETURN
200 PRINTG320, STRING* ( 192, " " ) ; :
RETURN
210 PM0DE4, l: SCREEN 1, l:PM0DE3, l:
RETURN
220 REM RODS UP OR DOWN
230 I FCTP > 1 00THENRETURNELSERM=F I
X ( (CTP+l ) /3) : IFRM=RH THENRETURNE
LSEIFRM>RH THEN250ELSEFORK=RM TO
RH: GOSUB260: RH=RH-1 : NEXTK
240 RH=FIX ( (CTP+l) /3) : RETURN
250 FORK=RH TORM: GOSUB260: RH=RH+
l: NEXTK: GOTO240
260 PUT(20,62-RH)-(23,97-RH) ,R1,
PSET: RETURN
270 REM PUMP MOTORS
280 WP=WP+l: IFWP=5THENWP=1
290 FOR I =0TO2 : I FOC ( 1+1 ) =0THENGOS
UB350:NEXTELSEONWP GOSUB310,320,
330, 340: NEXT
300 IFOC(I+1)=0THEN350ELSEIFOC(I
+2)=1THEN0NWP GOTO310, 320, 330, 34
0ELSEONWP G0T03 1 0 , 340 , 330 , 320
310 PUT(S5(I) ,S6(I) )-(S5(I)+16,S
6(I)+14) , SI, PSET: RETURN
320 PUT(S5(I) ,S6(I) )-(S5(I)+16,S
6 ( I ) +14) , S4, PSET: RETURN
330 PUT(S5(I) ,S6(I) )-(S5(I)+16,S
6 ( I ) +14) , S2, PSET: RETURN
340 PUT(S5(I) ,S6(I) )-(S5(I)+16,S
6 (I) +14) , S3, PSET: RETURN
116 the RAINBOW April, 1983
350 PUT(S5(I),S6(I) )-(S5(I)+16,S
6(1) +14) , S0, PSET: RETURN
360 REM VALVE 1 OPEN OR CLOSED
370 I FOC ( 7 ) =0THEN380ELSEDR AW "C1B
M86 , 24R 1 4U3D6BM90 , 24C4R 1 4U3D6 " : A
=PPO I NT ( 86 , 26 ) : COLOR A : DRAW " BM86 ,
0D4R2U4BD 1 2D 1 2L2U 12": C0L0R4 : RETU
RN
380 DRAW "CI BM90 , 24R 1 4U3D6BM86 , 24
C4R14U3D6" : DRAW"BM86, 0C1D4R2U4BD
1 2D 1 1 L2U 11": C0L0R4 : RETURN
390 REM VALVE 2 OPEN OR CLOSED
400 I FOC ( 8 ) =0THEN4 1 0ELSEDR AW " C 1 B
M62 , 24L 1 4U3D6C4BM58 , 24L 1 4U3D6 " : C
0L0RC2 : DRAW " BM60 , 24D26R2NU26R 1 0U
1L10U1R10": RETURN
410 DRAW "CI BM58 , 24L 1 4U3D6C4BM62 ,
24L 1 4U3D6 " : A=PPO I NT ( 74 , 48 ) : COLOR
A: DRAW " BM60 , 25D25R2NU25R 1 0U 1 L 1 0U
1R10C4": RETURN
420 REM PRESSURIZER WATER LEVEL
430 PW(1)=FIX ( (PW-100) /17) : IFPW<
1 0 1 THEN460ELSE I FP W >400THEN470ELS
E I FPW ( 1 ) =PW ( 2 ) THENRETURNELSEPW (
2 ) =PW ( 1 ) : PW ( 3 ) =0 : C0L0RC2 : G0SUB45
0: LINE (74, 68-PW ( 1 ) ) - (102, 68-PW ( 1
) > , PSET : PA I NT ( 86 , 68-PW ( 1 ) + 1 ) ,C1,
C2: PAINT (86, 68-PW ( 1 ) -1 ) , 4, C2: COL
0R4
440 LINE(74,68-PW(1) )-( 102, 68-PW
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RAINBOW
( 1 ) > , PSET: GOSUB450: COLORC1 : LINE (
84 , 80 ) - ( 90 , 80 ) , PSET : C0L0R4 : GOSUB
370:GOTO400
450 DRAW " BM84 , 80L4H8U25E8R4U 1 5R6
D 1 5R4F8D25G8L 1 0BM80 , 70R 1 4D5L 1 4U5
" : RETURN
460 PW (2) =5: I FPW ( 3 ) = 1 THENRETURNE
LSEPW ( 3 ) = 1 : C0L0RC2 : GOSUB450 : PAIN
T (86, 79) , 4, C2: C0L0R4 : GOSUB450 : CO
LORC 1 : L I NE ( 84 , 80 ) - ( 90 , 80 ) , PSET : C
0L0R4: GOSUB370: GOTO400
470 PW ( 2 ) =5 : I FPW ( 3 ) = 1 THENRETURNE
LSEPW ( 3 ) = 1 : C0L0RC2 : GOSUB450 : P A I N
T (86, 25) , CI , C2: C0L0R4: GOSUB450: C
OLORC 1 : L I NE ( 84 , 80 ) - ( 90 , 80 ) , PSET :
C0L0R4: GOSUB370: GOTO400
480 REM HEATON OR HEATOFF
490 IF0C(6)=1THENPAINT(87,74) ,C1
,4:RETURNELSEPAINT(87,74) , 1,4: RE
TURN
500 REM STEAM GENERATOR LINE 2
510 GW(1)=FIX ( (GW-30) /11-4) : IFGW
< 30THEN570ELSE I FGW ( 1 ) =GW ( 2 ) THENR
ETURNELSEGW (2) =GW ( 1 ) : IFGW>600THE
NRETURNELSEGW (3) =0: C0L0RC2: GOSUB
550: LINE ( 1 13, 86-GW ( 1 ) ) - ( 122, 86-G
W(l) > , PSET: LINE (135,86-GW(1) >-(l
44,86-GW(l) ) ,PSET
520 A=PPO I NT ( 1 46 , 86-GW ( 1 ) ) : I FA=C
2 ORA=C2-4THEN530ELSEL I NE- ( 1 54 , 8
6-GW ( 1 ) ) , PSET
530 PAINT (116, 86-GW (1 )+l ) ,C1,C2:
PAINT ( 137, 86-GW(l)+l ) ,C1,C2: PAIN
T ( 1 1 6 , 86-GW ( 1 ) - 1 ) , 4 , C2 : PA I NT ( 1 37
, 86-GW ( 1 ) -1 ) , 4, C2: C0L0R4: LINE- ( 1
35,86-GW(l) ), PSET: LINE (113, 86-GW
( 1 ) > - ( 122, 86-GW ( 1 ) > , PSET: IFPPOIN
T ( 1 99 , 99 ) =4THENC0L0RC 1 : GOSUB560 :
PAINT (199, 99) ,C1,C2
540 I FPPO I NT ( 1 99 , 99 ) =8THENC0L0RC
2: GOSUB560: PAINT ( 199, 99) , CI , C2: C
0L0R4: GOSUB560: GOTO550ELSEGOTO55
0
550 DRAW "BM 124, 100NU80L6H8U65E8R
6BR8ND80R7F8D3R8U6R8D 1 2L 1 6D 1 4R8D
6L8D30R8D6L9G8L5 " : I F AF ( 5 ) = 1 THEND
RAW " BM 1 54 , 30R8 " : L I NE ( 154, 25) - ( 15
4 ,29) , PRESET: LINE ( 162, 25) - ( 162,2
9) , PRESET : RETURNELSERETURN
560 DRAW " BM222 , 5 1 D35L 1 2U5H3L8ND 1
7L9G3D5L8D6R8D5F3R3NU 1 7R 1 1 NU 1 7R3
E3U5R20U41L7" : RETURN
570 GW ( 2 ) =30 : I FGW ( 3 ) = 1 THENRETURN
ELSEGW ( 3 ) = 1 : C0L0RC2 : GOSUB550 : PA I
NT (136, 99) , 4, C2: PAINT (121, 99) ,4,
C2 : GOSUB560 : P A I NT ( 1 99 , 99 ) , 4 , C2 : C
0L0R4: GOSUB550: GOTO560
580 REM PRIM LOOP WATER INLET
590 IFOC(4)=1ANDOC(5)=0THENPAINT
(243, 112) ,Cl,4:COLORCl:GOTO600EL
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 1
SEIF0C(4)=1THENPAINT(243, 112) ,C2
, 4 : C0L0RC2 : GOTO600ELSEPA I NT ( 243 ,
112) ,C2,4:C0L0RC1
600 DRAW " BM204 , 1 1 2L70U 1 R70U 1 L70U
1R70U1L70C4" : RETURN
610 REM PUMP3 WATER INLET
620 I FOC ( 3 ) = 1 THENC0L0RC2 : DRAW " BM
152, 51L4D1 R4D 1 L4D 1 R4D 1 L4 " : C0L0R4
: RETURNELSEDRAW "BM152, 51L4D1 R4D 1
L4D 1 R4D 1 L4 " : GW ( 2 ) =60 : G0T05 1 0
630 DRAW"BM46,6R9F1L12G1R15D1L15
F1R12BM106,6R13F1L15D1R15D1L15F1
R13": RETURN
640 COLORC 1 : GOSUB630 : C0L0R4 : RETU
RN
650 COLOR 1
660 DRAW " BM 1 54 , 25R8D 1 L8D 1 R8D 1 L8D
1 R8BR8R8U 1 L8U 1 R8U 1 L8U 1 R8BR28R8D 1
L8D 1 R8D 1 L8D 1 R8BR8R8U 1 L8U 1 R8U 1 L8U
1R8" : I FPPO I NT ( 1 54 , 25 ) =5THENC0L0R
4ELSEC0L0R1
670 DRAW " BM 1 64 , 30D6R2U6R2D6BR48U
6R2D6R2U6" : C0L0R4: RETURN
680 PO= (341 1*CTP*. 0032) : IFAF(5)=
1THENPO=0: RETURNELSERETURN
690 AT*="":CC=0
700 A*= I NKE Y* : I F A*= " " THEN700ELSE
IFLEN (AT*) >10THEN1370ELSEIFA*=CH
R* ( 13) THENRETURNELSE I F A*=CHR* (8)
— FORTH
Including SEMI GRAPH I C-8 EDITOR
+ UTILITIES
-Disk and Tape utilities
-Boot from disk or tape
—Graphics and Sound commands
-Printer commands
-Auto-repeat and Control keys
—Fast task multiplexing
-Unique TRACE function in kernal
-Clean INTERRUPT handling
in HIGH-LEVEL FORTH
-CPU CARRY FLAG accessible
-Game of LIFE demo
-ULTRA FAST: written in assembler
—Directions included for
installing optional ROM in
disk controller or cartridge
-Free Basic game "RATMAZE"
<1 — Elllk
FORTH
Hoyt Stearns Electronics
4131 E. CANNON DR. PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85028
602-996-1 71 7
THEN7 1 0ELSE I FA*< CHR* ( 48 ) THEN700E
LSEAT*=AT*+A*: CC=CC+1 : PR I NT A*; : S
OUND 1 50 , 1 : GOTO700
710 I FCC=0THEN700ELSECC=CC-1 : SOU
ND 1 50 , 1 : PR I NTA* ; : AT*=LEFT* ( AT* , C
C) :GOTO700
720 T=FIX< <TIMER+OT>/60>: IFTIMER
= >60000THENOT=OT+T I MER : T I MER=0 : R
ETURNELSERETURN
730 I FP 1< 400THEN I V=l . 17: RETURNEL
SEIV=. 4: RETURN
740 PR I NTQ448, USING "Elapsed time
: #### min ## sec " ; FIX (T/60) ; (T
-FIX <T/60) *60) : RETURN
750 I F I NKE Y*=CHR* (12) ORPEEK ( 342 )
=247THENRETURN
760 I FP 1 = >2500THENGOSUB 1 830 : PR I N
T6320, "**PRESSURE ABOVE DESIGN L
IMITS** ***SIMULATION OVER**
*":GOTO1110
770 IFP1=>2355ORPT>620THENCTP=7:
GOSUB1420: GOSUB230: GOTO790ELSE I F
Pl< 1650ANDPT>575THENCTP=7: GOSUB1
420: GOSUB230: GOTO790
780 GOTO800
790 IFAF(0)=0THENGOSUB1840:FORI=
1 T02 : PL AY A 1 * : PR I NT6480 , " ********
REACTOR TR I PPED******** " ; CHR* ( 5
) ; : PLAYA2*: NEXT: AF (0) =1
800 IFP1=>2255ANDOC(7)=0THENOC(7
) =1 : ET (7) =T: GOSUB370ELSE820
810 IFAF(1)=0THENGOSUB1840:FORI=
1 T02 : PL AY A 1 * : PR I NT6480 , " ***PRESS
URE RELIEF VALVE OPEN***" ; CHR* <5
) ; :playa2*:next: AF(i)=i
820 I FEM ( 3 ) = 1 THENPW=PW- ( ( T-ET ( 9 )
) * . 0 1 667 ) : ET ( 9 ) =T : VS=P V- ( PW*5 - 3 )
: GOSUB430 : GOSUB 1 1 30 : GOSUB 1 1 50
830 G2=G V- ( GW*5 . 72 ) : I FGW< 1 50THEN
GF=GW/ 1 50ELSE I FGW > 1 50ANDGF< 300TH
ENGF= 1 ELSE I FGW >300THENGF=GW/300
840 TC=TH-(CTP*.01*66*GF)
850 ST=TC: SP= (ST+460) *SR/G2: IFOC
(2) =0ANDAF (5) =0THENGOSUB650: GOSU
B 1 840 : FOR 1=1 T02 : PL A YA 1 * : PR I NT648
0, n ********TURBINES TRIPPED*****
***";chr*(5) ; :playa2*:next: af<5)
=1
860 IFOC(2)=1ANDGW>100ANDAF(5)=1
ANDSP< 1 1 10THENGOSUB660: AF (5) =0
870 I FGW< 1 00 ANDAF ( 2 ) =0THENFOR 1=1
T02 : PLAY A 1 * : PR I NT6480 , " *LOW COOL
ANT IN STEAM GENERATOR*" ; CHR* (5)
; :playa2*:next:af<2)=i
880 IFGW>100ANDAF(2)=1THENAF(2)=
0
890 IFPW<101THENOC(6)=0:GOSUB490
ELSE910
900 IFAF(3)=0THENGOSUB1840:FORI=
1 T02 : PLAY A 1 * : PR I NT6480 , " ***PRESS
118 the RAINBOW April, 1983
COLOR DFT (Direct File Transfer)
Disk or Tape
At last a terminal program for the color computert ha tallows you
to send and receive machine language programs without any
conversion routines. Send directly from disk to disk or tape to
disk. DFT will send and receive any type of program machine
language, t>asic, text files, datafiles etc. from a color computer,
Model I, Model II' or a Bullet 80 system. DFT has a chat mode
and has software controlled half and/or full duplex. You must
have a modem in order to use DFT.
Tape Version $24.05 Disk Version $20.05
COLOR TAPE COPY $15.95
By Bob Withers
There have been few copy programs on the marketfor the Color
computer but none can compare with Color Tape Copy. This
program is designed so that you don't lose any of your vaulable
programs or data bases.
It will make a backup of any Color Computer Tape; Machine
language, data, or basic program.
First load color tape copy into your CC. Then it prompts you to
put your original copy into the recorder. After it loads the
program into memory it tells you to put a blank tape into the
recorder and pressthe record button. It then writes the program
to a new tape.
You'll never have to worry about your little kids destroying your
$20.00 tapes. 16K.
TELEWRITER - 64
Best word processor for the Color Computer.
Tape $40.05 Disk
$50.05
DRAG0NQUEST
A new text adventure by Charles Forsythe. You must rescue the
princess from the Smaaegor Monarch of Dragonfolk. All Machine
language. Fast, Exciting and only $15.05
MADNESS AND THE MINOTAUR
A classic adventure game utilizing two word commands.
Price $10.05
BUG0UT
A compact but very powerful monitorforthe 6809 microprocessor.
Only $10.05
MISADVENTURE SERIES
MADAM ROSA'S MASSAGE PARLOR
Tape $15.00
WET T-SHIRT CONTEST
Tape $15.00
COMPUTER SHACK'S
BOOK STORE
PROGRAMMING THE 6809
By Rodney Zaks & William Labiak $14.95
This book explains how to program the 6809 in assembly
language, covering all aspects progressively and systematic-
ally. Beginning with the basics of programming, Programming
the 6809 goes on to explain registers and buses, subroutines,
the 6809 instruction set, addressing modes, I/O tech niques and
devices, and finally, data structures. With this knowledge you
will be able to give your 6809 processor 1 6-bit performance
with 8-bit economy. No prior programming knowlede is required.
TRS-80 COLOR PROGRAMS
by Tom Rugg and Phil Feldman $19.95
Here are 37 fully documented programs ready to type into your
color computer. These programs promise to be educational,
practical, and in almost all cases, fun. 332 pages.
COLOR COMPUTER GRAPHICS
by Ron Clark $9.95
The complete handbook on how to do color video graphics, with
ready to run programs. Learn all about low, medium and high-
resolution graphics, and how to create each. 1 38 pages.
TRS-80 COLOR BASIC
by Bob Albrecht $9.95
With this book you can teach yourself BASIC, the language of
the TRS-80 and many other computers. Packed with games, ex-
periments, programming problems and solutions, this entertain-
ing self-instructional book is the ideal introductory aid for kids,
parents and teachers. 378 pages.
TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER GRAPHICS
byDonlnman $14.95
Explore the creative and imaginative blending of computers
and color using Color Computer Graphics. This book will enable
you to explore all the graphics capabilities of Extended Basic,
you will learn how to create interesting graphics to enhance you
own computer programs. The book also provides application
programs and useful subroutines. 303 pages
COLOR COMPUTER S0NGB00K
by Ron Clark $7.95
40 of the world's best known songs, scored for easy playing on
the TRS-80 Color Computer, including many favorite popular,
classical, folk and seasonal musical selections. Some of which
include Dixie, Minuet, Greensleeves, Jingle Bells, Yellow Rose
of Texas, etc. 96 pages
COMPUTER SHACK
1691 Eason • Pontiac, Michigan 48054
Info: (313) 873-8700 • Orders: CALL TOLL FREE (800) 302-8881
Master Charge and VISA OK. Please add $3.00 for shipping in the U.S.A. - $5.00 for Canada or Mexico - Proper postage outside of U,S, - Canada - Mexico
Dealers: We are distributors for all items in this ad. Write for our catalog and price list.
DOODLE BUG
DOODLE BUG isa machine
language high resolution
graphics game for one or
two players who move their
Ladybugs through an ever-
changing maze gobbling dots
and other items while avoid-
ing Enemy bugs and Skulls.
Excellent Graphics.
Similar to Lock N' Chase".
Tape. . . $24.95 Disk. . . $29.95
PACDROIDS
With its space theme, the Super
Saucer lays destructomines and
the Super Bomb that disinte-
grates everything in your path,
right up to the wall. The maze
changes every 1 0,000 points as
the difficulty escalates. 1-4
players. 16K extended basic.
Tape... $19.95
MEGAPEDE
Could this be the best
Centipede yet?
Computerwares new addition
to the field, super graphics
and sound.
Tape. ..$21.95 Disk. ..$26.95
PHANTOM SLAYER
You must chase the phantoms
and kill them with your assort-
ment of weapons. This is a graph-
ics type maze/adventure game
with full screen three dimension-
al graphics. You are armed with
a laser pistol, and proximity de-
tector. 1 6K.
Tape $1 9.95
SHARK TREASURE
Dive down through the
sharks and salvage the gold.
Armed with special flash
bombs you fight off the
sharks. Excellent game.
Great graphics , sound. From
Computerware.
Tape. . . $21.95 Disk. . . $26.95
GHOST GOBBLER
Ghost Gobbler is an excellent
version of Pac-Man M . You must
gobble all the food dots while
avoiding the ghosts. There are
four energizer dots which will
make the ghosts turn blue and
become scared. This is the best
copy of the arcade game. 16K.
Tape $21 .95
COLORPEDE
Colorpede has a variety of bugs
ranging from a tiny bettle to the
gigantic colorpede. Colorpede
has better graphics than Kater-
pillar but the sound is not as
good. Colorpede also has a
more varied and complicated
play routine. 1 6K.
Tape $29.95
DONKEY KING
Using the four stages from the
original acrade game, with your
joystick in hand try to jump the
barrels, collect the pins,
manuever your way past the fall-
ing jacks, and figure out the crazy
conveyor belts. Written by Tom
Mix, this ones sure to become a
classic' 32K
Tape . . . S24.95 Disk . . . S27.95
Now you can deduct up to 20% on the price of
games: buy any 2 games deduct 10%, buy any 3
games deduct 1 5%, buy any 4 games deduct 20%
from games prices.
— TOP TEN
FOR THE COCO
1) DONKEY KING
2) COLORPEDE
3) DOODLEBUG
4) PLANET INVASION
5) SPACE RACE
6) ASTRO BLAST
7) SHARK TREASURE
8) PACDROIDS
9) HAYWIRE
10) RAIL RUNNER
ROBOTTACK
Manuever your way
around the screen in a last
desperate attempt to save the
human family. As the robots
grow in number, use your
lasers to eliminate them and
your superior manuevering
to avoid their deadly grip.
ROBOTTACK is a 100%
machine, 1 to 2 player arcade
action game for the entire
family. 16K CoCo.
Tape.. $24.95 Disk.. $27.95
HAYWIRE
This is Mark Data's version of
Beserk". Super Colors and dy-
namite sound effects in this fast
paced arcade game for one or
two players. The exciting com-
bination of angry robots an the
Indestructible Menace will pro-
vide hours of action filled fun.
Tape $24.95
■ ■ ■ i r"
•y.'
COMPUTER SHACK
1 691 Eason • Pontiac, Michigan 48054
Info: (313) 873-8700 • Orders: CALL TOLL FREE (800) 302-8881
Master Charge and VISA OK. Please add $3.00 for shipping in the U SA - $5.00 for Canada or Mexico - Proper postage outside of U.S. - Canada - Mexico.
Dealers: We are distributors for all items in this ad. Write for our catalog and price list
or our
20*24 =
YES THATS RIGHT 20 PLUS 24 EQUALS 1.
TRANSLATED THAT MEANS 20% DISCOUNT ON
SOFTWARE ORDERS OF 4 OR MORE ITEMS PLUS 24
HOUR DELIVERY MAKE US YOUR #1 DEALER. TRY US
AND SEE! WE HAVE OVER 50 DIFFERENT PROGRAMS
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER.
ASTRO BLAST
Your routine space patrol in an
outer galaxy sector becomes a
life and death struggle with alien
invasion forces advancing to-
wards Earth. Wave after waveof
attack squadrons challenge you
in this super hi- res machine lang-
uage shoot-em-up game. One or
two players. 16K
Tape version $24.95
SPACE RACE
Maneuver your ship around the
four cornered "race track" in
space while destroying hordes
of alien ships. As you fly around
the "race track" bouncing off the
walls, watch out for mines laid by
the swarmers. Great color and
sound and a new approach. 1 6K.
Tape S21.95
Four great reasons why you should buy from Computer
Shack (1) We have a toll free line, it costs you nothing to call
us. (2) We ship all orders out within 24 hours (3) Most of our
salespeople have color computers and they will be more than
happy to help you pick out games, books, etc. (4) If you buy
more than one program we will give you a discount. If you buy
2 programs you can take 1 0°v off both programs. If you buy 3
programs you can take 15°< off and if you buy 4 or more
programs you can take 20°o off the price of all four.
We are still in need of some additional people to add to our
top ten panel. If you are interested send us a listing of your 1 0
favorite games.
We carry many programs that are not in our ad's, please call if
there is a special program you want.
MONKEY KONG
Once again, Mario jumps into
action. Avoiding rolling barrels,
ramps, ladders, and killer flames
while trying to save the beau-
tiful girl from the clutches of the
giant ape. Written by Ken Kalish
its so much like the arcade ver-
sion, you might try to insert a
quarter. 16K.
Tape i * ' • . • $1 9.95
RAIL RUNNER
Something like Frogger".
But with a difference.
Excellent hi res graphics and
exciting play.
From Computerware.
Tape. ..$21.95 Disk. ..$26.95
SPACE TRADER
Establish vast interstellar shipp
ing lanes and purchase stock in
the companies that control
those trade routes. This is a multi-
player board game with graph-
ics. This is a game for the think-
ers, it takes more than a quick
hand to win this one. 1 6K
Tape S21 .95
PLANET INVASTION
A great new Defender action
game, its success insured by its
spellbinding graphics and mar-
velous sound, but most of all by
its controlability. Using both the
keyboard and the joystick, you
manuever your way through this
revolutionary new game. 16K
Tape $21 .95
VENTURER
Fantastic arcade game comes
to life on your Color Computer
screen. Upon entering each
room you'll find new treasures
and new challenges. Using your
joystick, get the treasure while
fending off the attacking crea-
tures. This great new adaptation
be Aardvark will put excitement
back into your Color Computer.
16K
Tape ... $19.95
GOLF
Aardvark has brought this age old
game to your Color Computer.
With sandtraps, trees, water
holes, and a great sound track,
you just might mistake it for the
real thing. Choose yourclub and
select a swing, if you make it to
the green you can even putt.
1 6K extended color basic.
Tape. ■ $9-95
COMPUTER SHACK
1691 Eason • Pontiac, Michigan 48054
Info: (313) 873-8700 • Orders: CALL TOLL FREE (800) 392-8881
Master Charge and VISA OK. Please add $3,00 for shipping in the U.S.A. - $5.00 for Canada or Mexico - Proper postage outside of U.S. - Canada - Mexico.
Dealers: We are distributors for all items in this ad. Write for our catalog and price list-
SAVE!!!
INTRODUCING ARIZONA DISCOUNT SOFTWARE!
We pledge to bring you the best software and hardware values for your
Color Computer and TDP-1 00! All software is always at least 1 5% off.
And we are not talking about "Close Outs" but first line software from
some of the best Color Computer software manufacturers. Names like
Tom Mix, Computerware, Prickly Pear, Petrocci and Cognitec!!
Our name may say software, but we have hardware values too. So
before you buy anything for your Coco, check with Arizona. We can
probably get it for you for less!!
SOFTWARE BARGAINS!!!
15% OFF
*32 K Program TAPE DISK
List
Our
List
Our
Price
Price
Price
Price
TOM MIX
Donkey King
24.95
21.20*
27.95
23.75
Protectors
24.95
21.20*
r\ —f r\ r~
27.95
23.75
Katerpillar Attack
24.95
21.20
27.95
23.75
Solo Pool
17.95
15.25
PETROCCI
Inspector Clueseau
19.95
16.95*
Stagecoach (New!!)
19.95
16.95
COMPUTERWARE
Synther 7 (New!!)
21.95
18.65
26.95
22.90
Shark Treasure (New!!)
21.95
18.65
26.95
22.90
El Diablero
19.95
16.95
24.95
21.20
Doodle Bug
24.95
21.20
29.95
25.45
Megapede
21.95
18.65
26.95
22.90
BOUDOIR SOFTWARE
The Naked Gamer
21.95
18.65
26.95
22.90
ARIZIN
Toolkit (Great utility. Same one
works on disk or tape)
29.95
25.45
COGNITEC
Telewriter-64 (New 1 The Best)
49.95
42.45
59.95
50.95
20%
OFF!!!
MARK DATA (Close Out-Limited Quantities)
Astro Blast
24.95
19.95
29.95
23.95*
Color Haywire
24.95
19.95
29.95
23.95*
Space Raiders
24.95
19.95
29.95
23.95*
Cave Hunter
24.95
19.95
29.95
23.95*
TOM MIX
Bird Attack
21.95
17.55
Maze Race
14.95
11.95
Trek-16
19.95
15.95
Fixer (Move those tape
programs to disk)
18.95
15.15
PRICKLY PEAR - All Items 20% OFF
HARDWARE
AZDS Drive 0 for Coco includes Rompack Interface 424.95
R/S Disk Drive Rompack Interface (Needs Cable) 149.95
Mark Data Professional Keyboard (Typewriter Style) 69.95
64 K Ram Chips Set 64.95
Disk Cables Two Drives Four Drives
Standard 24.95 34.95
Gold Contacts-The Best 34.95 44.95
THE COCO SWITCH BY COMPUTER INNOVATION
This first rate device lets you switch three different devices to your
RS-232 Serial Port. A quality metal case and a 6footcable make this a
special value.
Regular • 39.95 Special • 29.95
SOFTWARE AUTHORS: We are looking for product!' Send us your
submissions!
TO ORDER
Add $2.00 Postage and Handling. In Arizona, Add 5% Sales Tax.
C.O.D. $1.50 Extra To:
ARIZONA DISCOUNT SOFTWARE
1942 S. Emerson #141 • Mesa, AZ 85202
Phone (602) 897-6291
URIZER HEATER TRIPPED*** 1 ' ; CHR* (5
) ; :playa2*:next:af<3)=i
910 IFPW>100THENAF<3)=0
920 TH=TC+<CTP*. 01*66) : GOSUB 1130
ZGOSUB1140
930 IFOC<1)=0THENTH=TH+<CTP*.01*
66) : GOSUB 11 30
940 I FOC ( 2 ) =0THENGW=GW- ( < T-ET ( 2 )
) *2 . 4 ) : ET ( 2 ) =T : G0SUB5 1 0ELSE960
950 IFAF(4)=0THENGOSUB1840:FORI=
1 T02 : PL AY A 1 * Z PR I NT6480 , " **SECOND
ARY FEEDWATER PUMP OFF** 1 ' ; CHR* (5
) ; :playa2*:next: af<4)=i
960 IF0C(3)=1THENGW=FIX <GW+< <T-E
T(3) )*3.03) ) :ET(3)=T:GOSUB510
970 IFOC(4)=1THEN980ELSE990
980 I FOC ( 5 ) =0THENPW=PW- ( ( T-ET ( 5 )
)*.4) : vs=pv-<pw*5.3) :ET(5)=t:G0S
UB430: GOSUB1 130: TH=TH+ 1 ELSE I FOC (
5 ) = 1 THENGOSUB730 : PW=PW+ ( ( T-ET ( 4 )
)*IV) : vs=pv-<pw*5.3) :et<4)=t:gos
UB430: GOSUB1 130: TH=TH-1
990 IFOC(7)O0THENP1=FIX (P1*EXP(
-(T-ET (7) )/106-4) > :ET(7)=T:G0SUB
1140
1000 IFOC(7)=1ANDPK2205THENOC(7
) =0 : GOSUB370 : GOSUB 1 840 : PR I NTG480
, "Pressure Relief Valve CLOSED";
1010 IF0C(8)=1THENPR=TH/P1:TH=TH
-T+ET (8) : ET (8) =T: P1=TH/PR: GOSUB 1
140:GOSUB430
1020 IF0C(6)=1THENPR=TH/P1:TH=TH
+T-ET ( 6 ) : ET ( 6 ) =T : P 1 =TH/PR : GOSUB 1
140:GOSUB430
1030 A=RND ( 100) : IFA=20ORA=40ORA=
60ORA=80THENONA/20 GOSUB 1770, 178
0, 1790, 1800
1040 GOSUB740
1050 IFPW>401THENPW=401ELSEIFPW=
< 0THENPW= 1 : I FS V= 1 THEN 1 060ELSEGOS
UB630:SV=1
1 060 I FS V=0THEN 1 070ELSE I FOC ( 1 ) = 1
ANDOC ( 4 ) = 1 ANDOC ( 5 ) = 1 ANDPW >5THENS
V=0:GOSUB640
1070 IFGW<1THENGW=0
1080 FORI=0TO5: IFAF ( I ) =1THENX=X+
1 : NEXTELSENEXT
1090 IFX< >0THENPRINT@0, CHR* (5) ; "
AL 11 ; CHR* (5) ; : X=0ELSEIFX=0THENPRI
NTCHR* (5) ; : PR I NT@0 , 11 : PR I NTCHR
$(5) ;
1100 PT=<TC+TH) /2: IFPT=>705.2THE
NPAINT(31, 112) ,4,4:GOSUB1830:PRI
NT6320, "***CRITICAL WATER TEMPER
ATURE*** ***SIMULATION OVER*
** M : PLAY A3*ELSE 1 1 20
1110 I F I NKE Y*= " " THEN 111 0ELSEPLAY
A3*: GOTO 1820
1120 IFINKEY*=CHR*<12)0RPEEK<342
) =247THENRETURNELSE280
122 the RAINBOW April, 1983
1130 P1=R* (TH+460) /VS: RETURN
1140 IFOC(4)=1ANDOC(5)=1ANDPW<10
THENGOSUB730:PW=PW+( (T-ET<4> >*IV
) : VS=PV- ( PW*5 . 3 ) : ET ( 4 ) =T : G0SUB42
0: GOSUB 1 1 20 : TH=TH-1 : RETURNELSEVS
=R* (TH+460) /PI : PW= (PV-VS) /5. 3: GO
SUB430: RETURN
1150 TH=<P1*VS/R) -460: RETURN
1160 CLS:PRINT@172, "WARNING": PR I
NT6227, "NUCLEAR REACTOR SIMULATO
R-" : PRINTQ258, "CONTENTS MAY BE R
ADIOACTIVE! ":PRINT@291, "PROCEED
AT YOUR OWN RISK ! " : PRINTQ362, "aL
ARM CANCEL " : PR I NT6390 , " cONT I NUE
SIMULATION"
1170 FORI=1TO250:NEXT: IFINKEY*="
A "THEN 11 90
1180 PRINT6172, " warn i ng " : PLAYA1 *
: PRINT® 172, "WARNING":PLAYA2*: IFP
EEK (339) =254THEN1 190ELSEIFPEEK (3
41 ) =254THEN1200ELSE1 180
1190 IFINKEY*O"C"THEN1190
1200 CLS: PR I NT698, "NUCLEAR REACT
OR S I MULATOR : " : PR I NT@ 1 60 , " OBJECT
: PRODUCE 977-+ ELECTRIC" : PR I NTT AB
(7) "P0WER":PRINT@224, "OBJECT: MAI
NTAIN PRIMARY LOOP" : PR I NTT AB (7) "
TEMPERATURE @ 580 DEG F":PRINT@2
88 , " OBJECT : MA I NT A I N PR I MARY LOOP
ii
1210 PRINTTAB (7) "PRESSURE @ 2155
PSI":PRINT@352, "OBJECT: MAINTAIN
PRESSUR I Z ER " : P R I NTT AB ( 7 ) " WATER
LEVEL @ 200 IN": PR I NT6455 , " rEADY
?"
1220 IFINKEY*<>"R" THEN 1220
1230 CLS: PR I NT698, "NUCLEAR REACT
OR SIMULATOR: ":PRINT@160, "OBJECT
: MA I NTAIN SECONDARY LOOP": PR I NTT
AB (7) "TEMPERATURE @ 547 DEG F":P
RINT6224, "OBJECT: MAI NTAI N SECOND
ARY LOOP": PRINTTAB (7) "PRESSURE @
1010 PSI"
1 240 PR I NT6288 , " OBJECT : MA I NT A I N
STEAM GENERATOR " : PR I NTT AB ( 7 ) " WAT
ER LEVEL @ 288 IN" : PRINTQ455, "rE
ADY?"
1 250 I F I NKE Y*< > " R " THEN 1 250
1260 CLS : PR I NT666, "NUCLEAR REACT
OR SI MULATOR : " : PR I NT@ 1 28 , " CONTRO
L RODS: RAISE & LOWER WITH": PRINT
TAB ( 8 ) " ARROW KEYS " : PRINT© 192, " PU
MPS: SPEC I FY PUMP BY NUMBER &":PR
INTTAB (8) "DIRECTIVE. EX. 'P10N 7 "
1270 PR I NT6256, "VALVES: SPECIFY V
ALVE BY NUMBER": PR INTTAB (8) "& DI
RECT I VE " : PR I NTT AB (8) "EX. 'VI OPEN
' " : PR I NT6352 , " PRESSUR I ZER WATER
HEATER : " : PR I NTT AB ( 8 ) " SPEC I FY D I R
ECT I VE " : PR I NTT AB (8) "EX. ' HE ATON '
Utilities For Extended Basic
#UK3 COLOR KRUNCHER — $12.95
—Reduces Memory Repuirements Of any Extended Basic
Program -Speeds Program Execution Time
-Type In A Program From A Magazine, As Is, Debug It
Then Let KRUNCHER Make It Shorter
--Includes LN,XREF and REM/REMV (#UR2)
-Includes 'EXTENDED BASIC FASTER' (#F1)
#F1 'EXTENDED BASIC FASTER' — $3.95
--The First Published Proven List Of Methods You Can
Incorporate Into All Your Own Ext. BASIC Programs
For Maximum Speed Efficiency
-For Novice or Experienced Programmer
-For Graphics or Non-Graphi«s Programs
#UVF4 VARIABLE CROSS REFERENCE — $6.95
-Locate All Variables And 'Where Used' Line I's In Your
Extended BASIC Program
-Automatic Sort — Optional Printer Output
:#UF3 LUST FORMATTER — $9.95
-User-selectable Margins, Page Lengths, Top-of-Form,
Font Size, Line Length and More
-Title and Date Your Important Listings
-Optional Space Between Lines— Hilights Line Numbers—
For Mcst Recent Printers (can be user modified)
:#UR2 LINE CROSS REFERENCE — $7.95
-Provides A Sorted Listing Of Referenced Line Numbers
Optional Printer Output
--Includes Optional REM, REMV— Removes All Unreferenced
REM's and Comments
--Removes Comments From Referenced REM's
#UD2 DISK DIRECTORY WITH BYTES — $7.95
-Gives Same Info As DIR, PLUS Individual File Bytes,
PLUS Free and Used # of Files, Grans, and Bytes,
PLUS Optional Disk Name,PLUS To Screen OR Printer
--One Screen At A Time (No More Frantic SFT/a)
#US2 COPY, SEARCH & REPLACE — $7.95
-Same as Disk COPY, But to-and-From Disk and Tape or
Tape and Tape
-For ASCII Textfiles Or Programs
-Search OR Search & Replace
-Excellent For Changing Long Variable Names
-Great For Changing Spelling Or Capitalization
#UT2 TEXT COUNT — $6.95
-Counts Lines, Sentences, Words, Total Characters OF
An ASCII Extended BASIC Textfile
#UB2 BYTE/LINE COUNT — $5.95
-Automatic, Accurate Byte & Line Count Of Any
Extended BASIC Program
ALL PGMS (EXCEPT #UD2) FOR EXT. BASIC TAPE/DISK
Buy Two or More On The Same Order & Take 10% Off
(Postpaid in U.S. & Canada) (PA Residents Add 6%)
Send Check or Money Order To:
MICROLOGIC
Box 193, 1st. Avenue
East Brady, Pa. 16028 (412-526 -5781)
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 123
" : PR I NTQ456 , " r EADY? " ;
1280 IFINKEY*O"R"THEN1280
1 290 PL=200 : CLS : PR I NTQ26 1 , 11 SI MUL
AT I ON BEGINS " : A=USR0 (0) : GOS
UB80:PLAYA3*
1300 GOSUB 1 830 : GOTO 1 690
1310 GOSUB 1830
1320 PRINTQ320, ; : GOTO 1340
1 330 GOSUB 1 840 : PR I NTQ480 , ; :
1 340 PRINT 11 Di recti ve? " ; : GOSUB690
: D*= AT* : I FD*= " TC " THEN 1 450ELSE I FD
*= " PR I NT " THEN 1 460
1350 FORI=0TO2l: IFD*=V1* < I > THENO
C=l: GOTO 1380
1360 NEXT
1370 PRINTQ480, "Di recti ve?INVALI
D DIRECTIVE " ; : F0RI=1T02: PLA
Y " L7 V3 1 0 1 CP 1 0 " : NE X T : PR I NT6490 , "
":PRINT@480, ; :GO
TO 1340
1380 ON OC+1GOTO1390, 1540, 1550, 1
560, 1570, 1580, 1590, 1600, 1600, 163
0, 1640, 1660, 1670, 1680, 1710, 1720,
1690, 1750, 1860, 1730, 1820, 1810
1390 GOSUB1840:PRINT@480, "Contro
1 Rods-Manual Control " ;
1400 PRINT6320, USING "Core Therma
1 Power ### 7. ";CTP
1410 IFPEEK<341)=247THENCTP=CTP+
1 : GOSUB 1 420 : GOTO 1 400ELSE I FPEEK < 3
42) =247THENCTP=CTP-1 : GOSUB 1 420 : G
OTO 1 400ELSEA*= I NKEY* : I FA*=CHR* < 1
2 ) THENGOSUB 1 840 : RETURNELSE 1410
1420 IFCTP<0THENCTP=0ELSEIFCTP>1
00THENCTP=100
1 430 I FCTP >7THEN AF < 0 ) =0
1440 GOSUB230: RETURN
1 450 TC*= " " : FOR I = 1 T08 : TC*=TC*+ST
R* <OC < I ) ) : NEXT: PRINTQ480, TC*; : RE
TURN
1 460 A=USR 1(0): A*= " " : PM0DE4 , 1 : PR
INT#-2,CHR*<18) ;CHR*<13) ;
1470 FORI=0TO6:P(I)=FIX (2^1) :NEX
TI
1480 FORI=0TO118STEP7:FORJ=0TO25
5: A=128: FORK=0TO6
1490 IFPPOINT(J, I+K)=0THENA=A+P(
K)
1500 NEXTK
1510 IFJ<200THENA*=A*+CHR*<A)ELS
EB*=B*+CHR*<A)
1520 IFJ=255THENPRINT#-2, A*;B*;C
HR*<13) ; :A*=" ":b*=" "
1530 NEXTJ , I : GOTOl 820
1540 OC(l)=l:GOSUB1840:PRINT@480
, "Reactor Coolant Pump ON";:RETU
RN
1550 OC(1)=0:GOSUB1840:PRINT@480
, "Reactor Coolant Pump OFF";: RET
URN
1560 0C(2)=l: AF(4)=0:GOSUB1840:P
R I NTQ480, "Secondary Feed water Pu
mp ON"; : RETURN
1570 OC(2)=0:AF(4)=l:GOSUB1850:G
OSUB1840:PRINT@480, "Secondary Fe
edwater Pump OFF" ; : ET (2) =T:RETUR
N
1580 0C<3>=1: GOSUB 1 840 :PRINT@480
, "Auxiliary Makeup Pump ON";: GOS
UB620: ET (3) =T: RETURN
1590 OC<3>=0: GOSUB 1 840 :PRINT@480
, "Auxiliary Makeup Pump OFF";: GO
SUB620: RETURN
1600 GOSUB1840: OC (4) =1 : EM (3) =0: I
FD*= "P4IN " THENOC < 5 ) = 1 : GOSUB590EL
SE I FD*= " P40UT " THENOC < 5 ) =0: G0SUB5
90
1610 IF0C(5)=1THENET(4)=T:G0SUB1
840: PRINTQ480, "Primary Makeup Pu
mp ON"; : RETURN
1620 IFOC(5)=0THENET(5)=T:GOSUB1
840: PRINTQ480, "Primary Let-down
Pump ON"; : RETURN
1630 GOSUB1840:OC<4)=0:EM<3)=0:G
OSUB590: IFOC <5) = 1THENPRINT@480, "
Primary Makeup Pump 0FF";:0C<5)=
0 : RETURNELSEPR I NT6480 , " Pr i mar y L
et-down Pump OFF";: RETURN
1640 OC (6) =1 : ET <6)=T: GOSUB1840: I
FPW< 100THEN1650ELSEPRINTQ480, "Pr
essurizer Heater ON " ; : GOSUB490 : R
ETURN
1650 OC(6)=0:PRINT@480, "Pressuri
zer Heater TRIPPED" ;: GOSUB490: RE
TURN
1660 OC (6) =0: GOSUB 1840 :PRINT@480
, "Pressuri zer Heater OFF";: GOSUB
490: RETURN
1670 0C(7)=2:ET(7)=T:AF(l)=l:G0S
UB1840:PRINT@480, "Pressure Relie
f Valve OPEN"; :GOSUB370: RETURN
1 680 OC ( 7 ) =0 : AF < 1 ) =0 : GOSUB 1 840 : P
R I NT6480, "Pressure Relief Valve
CLOSED" ; : GOSUB370: RETURN
1 690 GOSUB720 : PR I NT6320 , US I NG " Co
re Thermal Power #### MWth"; <
CTP*. 01*3411 ) :PRINTUSING"Primary
Loop Press #### PSI";P1:PRIN
TUS I NG" Primary Loop Temp ###
# DEG " ; PT : PR I NTUS I NG " Pr essur i z er
Level ### IN";PW
1 700 GOSUB750 : I F I NKEY*=CHR* (12)0
RPEEK (342) =247THENGOSUB1330: GOTO
1 690ELSE 1 690
1710 GOSUB1840:OC(8)=l:ET(8)=T:P
RINT6480, "Pressuri zer Coolant Sp
ray ON" ; : GOSUB400: RETURN
1720 GOSUB1840:OC(8)=0:PRINT@480
, "Pressurizer Coolant Spray OFF"
; : GOSUB400: return
124 the RAINBOW April, 1983
NEW
P
mm
*
■
Macro-BOc
The Micro Works is pleased to announce the release of
its disk-based editor, macro assembler and monitor, writ-
ten for Color Computer by Andy Phelps THIS IS IT — The
ultimate programming tool!
The powerful 2-pass macro assembler features conditional
assembly, local labels, include files and cross referenced symbol
tables. Macro-80c supports the complete Motorola 6809 instruction set in
standard source format. There are no changes, constraints or shortcuts in
the source language definition. Incorporating all of the features of our
Rompack-based assembler (SDS80C), Macro-80c contains many more
useful instructions and pseudo-ops which aid the programmer and add
power and flexibility.
The screen-oriented text editor is designed for efficient and easy editing of
assembly language programs. The "Help Key" feature makes it simple
and fun to learn to use the editor. As the editor requires no line numbers,
you can use the arrow keys to position the cursor anywhere in the file.
Macro-80c allows global changes and moving/copying blocks of text. You
can edit lines of assembly source which are longer than 32 characters.
DCBUG is a machine language monitor which allows examining and
altering of memory, setting break points, etc.
The editor, assembler and monitor — as well as sample programs —
come on one Radio Shack compatible disk. Extensive documentation
included. Macro-80c Price: $99.95
YOU NEED
COLOR FORTH!!
Why?
•Forth is faster to program in than Basic
•Forth is easier to learn than Assembly Language
•Forth executes in less time than Basic
Forth is a highly interactive language like Basic, with
structure like Pascal and execution speed close to
that of Assembly Language. The Micro Works Color
Forth is a Rompack containing everything you need to
run Forth on your Color Computer.
Color Forth consists of the standard FORTH Interest
Group (FIG) implementation of the language plus
most of F0RTH-79. It has a super screen editor with
split screen display. Mass storage is on cassette.
Color Forth also contains a decompiler and other aids
for learning the inner workings of this fascinating lan-
guage. It will run on 4K, 16K, and 32K computers.
Color Forth contains 10K of ROM, leaving your RAM
for your programs' There are simple words to
effectively use the Hi-Res Color Computer graphics,
joysticks, and sound The 112-page manual includes
a glossary of the system-specific words, a full
standard FIG glossary and complete source listing.
COLOR FORTH ... THE BEST' From the leader in
Forth, Talbot Microsystems. Price: $109.95
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SVSTEM
The Micro Works Software Development System (SDS80C) is a complete 6809 editor, assembler and
monitor package contained in one Color Computer program pack 1 Vastly superior to RAM-based
assemblers/editors, the SDS80C is non-volatile, meaning that if your application program bombs, it can't
destroy your editor/assembler. Plus it leaves almost all of 1 6K or 3 2 K RAM tree for your program Since
all three programs, editor, assembler and monitor are co-resident, we eliminate tedious program loading
when going back and forth from editing to assembly and debugging 1
The powertul screen-oriented Editor features finds, changes, moves, copysand much more All keys have
convenient auto repeat (typamatic). and since no line numbers are required, the tull width ot the screen
may be used to generate well commented code
The Assembler teatures all of the following complete 6809 instruction set: conditional assembly; local
labels; assembly to cassette tape or to memory, listing to screen or printer, and mnemonic error codes
instead ot numbers.
The versatile monitor is tailored tor debugging programs generated by the Assembler and Editor. It
teatures examine/change of memory or registers, cassette load and save, breakpoints and more. SDS80C
Price: $89.95
MICROTEXT: COMMUNICATIONS
VIA YOUR MODEM!
Now you can useyour printer with your modem 1 Your computer can be an
intelligent printing terminal. Talk to timeshare services or to other personal
computers: print simultaneously through a second printer port: and re-
display text stored in memory. Dump to a cassette tape, or printer, or both.
Microtext can be used with any printer or no printer at all. It features user-
configurable duplex/parity for special applications, and can send any ASCII
character. You'll find many uses for this general purpose module 1 Microtext
is available in ROMPACK. ready-to-use. tor $59.95.
■
*
PARALLEL Pfll NTER I NT Efl FACE - Serial 1o £>aral lei converter allows use ol M
siaooarrj paraflef printers PI80C ptugs into (tie ser^i oulput port, leavirkg your
Rompack 5k>1 liee You supply Ihe punier MOle PIB0C Price: S69.95
Star Blaster — Blast your way through an asteroid field in this action-packed Hi-Res graphics game. Available in ROMPACK: requires 16K. Price: $39.95
Pac Attack — Try your hand at this challenging game by Computerware, with fantastic graphics, sound and action 1 Cassette requires 16K. Price: $24.95
Berserk — Have fun zapping robots with this Hi-Res game by Mark Data Products. Cassette requires 1 6K Price: $24.95
Adventure — Black Sanctum and Calixto Island by Mark Data Products. Each cassette requires 16K. Price: $19.95 each.
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exciting Hi-Res game by Mark Data Products requires 16K for cassette version, Price: $24.95
Also Available: Machine Language Monitor ★ 2-Pass Disassembler ★ Memory Upgrade Kits * We Stock 64K Chips
* Parts and Services ★ Books ★ Call or write for information
TH $ftO©[^2>
MasterCharge/Visa Accepted
California residents add 6% tax.
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BOX 1110, DEL MAR, CA 92014 [619] 942-2400
TAPES & DISKS
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CRO 80 INC
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1 730 GOSUB 1 830 : PR I NT6320 , ; : FOR I =
0TO20: PRINTV1* < I ) " : " ; : NEXT: PRINT
"EXIT";
1 740 I FPEEK < 342 ) < >247THENG0SUB75
0 : GOSUB720 : GOTO 1 740ELSEGOSUB 1 830
: RETURN
1750 GOSUB720:GOSUB680:PRINT@320
, USING"Plant Electric Output ###
# MWe l, ;PO:PRINTUSING l, Secondary
Loop Press #### PS I " ; SP: PRINTUS
ING"Secondary Loop Temp #### D
EG ,, ;ST:PRINTUSING l, Steam Gen Wate
r Level ### IN";GW
1760 GOSUB750: IFPEEK (342) =2470RI
NKEY*=CHR* (12) THENGOSUB1 330: GOTO
1750ELSE1750
1770 0C<7)=2:ET<7)=T: AF<l)=l:GOS
UB370: RETURN
1780 OC<2)=0:ET<2)=T: RETURN
1790 IF0C<4)OlTHENEM<3)=l:ET<9)
=T: COLORC1 : DRAWBM255, 1 1 1L22D1R2
2" : C0L0R4: RETURNELSERETURN
1800 RETURN
1810 A=USR1 <0) :PW<2)=1000:GW<2)=
1000: GOTO 1200
1820 A=USR1 <0) :CLS:PRINT@128, ; :L
ISTl:END
1830 PRINT6320, STRING* < 192, " " ) :
RETURN
1840 PRINT6480, STRING* (32, " " ) ; :
RETURN
1850 EM <3)=0: RETURN
1 860 GOSUB 1 830 : PR I NT6320 , ; : FUR I =
0TO5: IFAF < I > =1THENPRINT''*''AL* < I )
: NEXT: GOTO 1740ELSENEXT: GOTO 1740
r
5 l /4 M DISK
1
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ext. 3005
■
About Your Subscription
Your copy of theRAINBO Wissent third class mail
and, for subscribers in the United States, the date of
mailing is printed on the label. If you do not receive
your copy by the 25th of any month, send us a card and
we will mail another immediately via first class mail.
You must notify us of a new address when you
move. Notification should reach us no later than the
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This applies to everyone except those whose
subscriptions are through our distributor in Australia.
MICRO-80™
E . 2665 Busby Road
Oak Harbor. WA 98277
the RAINBOW April, 1983
0001 0600
NAM HIRESTXT
* THIS PROGRAM IS TO BE USED
* WITH NUKE SIM - THE NUCLEAR
* REACTOR SIMULATOR.
0052 0076 7EADA5
JMP $ADA5 CLEAR THE
t INTERUPT MASKS. THEN JUMP TO
♦ THE AREA OF BASIC THAT RUNS
t THE PROGRAM, BYPASSING THE
# BREAK CHECK ROUTINE.
0009 0A00
vvvl fOff
ORG 0000
MAKE IT PIC
0051
v v JO
0079
VV 11
T41A
o*too
HRSTXT PSHS D,X,Y
0051
V V J*t
007 R
V vi 0
R1 0R
Olf 0
CMPA 18
BACKSPACE?
0001 0000 AnflPH
fffO ffff OUOLOl
START
TST (TOGLE, PCR
NOT 0
0055
f f JJ
007H
VVIU
1 0970000
LVLI vvll
LBEQ BACKSP
YES THEN GO
0004 0001 9 A 1 R
ffft fffO Z01D
BNE B8
NOT ON
005A
v v JO
00R1
f V 01
R1 05
Olf J
CMPA 15
INV. CHARS?
0005 0005 Arflr?r
fff J fff J OLOL^L
INC <TOGLE,PCR
FOR RESET
0057
VVdl
00R1
v V 00
9A0A
*.0P H
BNE ALPHA
NO THEN CHR
000A 000R RF01AR
ft/ i/O ft' I/O OCflOO
LDX $168
GET HOOK
005R
f v JO
00R5
f f OJ
PARPAP
COOLHr
LDB INVERT,PCR
FLIP INVERT
0007 000R AFRP97
villi/ fffD HrOL^/
STX <VEC,PCR
SAVE IT
0059
v v J 7
00RR
f f 00
LOf 1
EORB il
FLAG THEN
000R 000F 10RPAR
f ff 0 fff L Of OLOO
LEAX (HRSTXT,PCR NEW HOOK
00A0
V VQV
00RA
f v On
C7QPAA
C/OLHH
STB INVERT, PCR
RETURN
0009 001 1 RF01 Afl
Vvvi vvll DrflOO
STX $168
STORE IT
00A1
VV 01
f f 01/
901 A
L V 1H
BRA RET
aa\a qq\a RF019R
fflf fflt DLVL1D
LDX $19B
SET HOOK
00A7
vvQl
00RP
v V Or
LOOT
ALPHA LDB #63
NUMBER
0011 0017 AFflT 1 F
ftf 1 1 vv l I nroLiL
STX <BRKVEC,PCR SAVE IT
* OF CHARACTERS USED BY NUKE SIM
001? flfliA Tflori n
VVLL Win JVULLU
LEAX <BRKCLR,PCR NEW HOOK
00A1
V V 00
0091
V V 71
11 RH0091
0 1 OUf V 70
LEAY LETTA,PCR
FIRST LETT
aa\j flflin RF019R
vvlw VViU OVVLID
A0
STX $19B
STORE IT
00A4
V V 0*t
0095
V V 7 J
A1 A0
n 1 nf
A8 CMPA ,Yf
ASCII
0014 flflOfl TO
fflt VVLV 07
DC
RTS
TO BASIC
00A5
f f OJ
0007
vvll
9770
Z/Of
BEQ FOUND
GOT IT?
aa i s 0071 AHRP10
fflJ VVLL OUOLlv
RESET
TST <TOGLE,PCR
NOT 1
00AA
ffOO
0099
f v 77
T197
JLL 1
LEAY 7,Y
NO, NEXT
00IA 0074 ?7FA
vvLv wli i/rn
BEQ B@
NO RESET
00A7
v f 0/
009R
f v 70
5A
Jn
DECB
ALL 63?
0017 009A APRrOR
Wit VVLV OrULfD
CLR <T06LE,PCR
FOR SET
00AR
Vv 00
009P
f f 7L
7AP7
^or /
BNE A@
NO, NEXT
001R (9(179 AFflr^9
f f 10 VVLI flLOUPT
LDX <VEC,PCR
GET OLD VEC
00A9
f V 07
009P
f f 7C
PA05
LOf J
LDB 15
5 DESCENDER
0010 00?r RP01AR
f V i 7 VVLL or V100
STX $168
RESTOR HOOK
0070
V V 1 V
00A0
f f nf
A1 Afl
HI Ho
Be CMPA ,Y+
ASCII
0070 007F AFRr0A
vviv vvLv ncobfo
LDX (BRKVEC, PCR SAME AS
0071
ff / 1
00A7
v v Hl
9707
LlVI
BEQ DESCEN
GOT IT?
(9071 0017 70F9
VvLL vVOL LVL1
BRA A@
ABOVE STEPS
0079
VV 1 L
00AA
v v H*t
71 97
Olli
LEAY 7,Y
NO, NEXT
007!
V VI 0
00AA
v v HO
5A
JH
DECB
ALL DONE?
0077 0014 00
VVLL VVJ'j W
TOGLE
FCB 0
0074
v vf l
00A7
f f H7
7AP7
^Or /
BNE B@
TRY NEXT
0071 0015 0000
WLJ V V JJ WW
VEC
FDB 0
0075
VV IJ
00A9
f V M7
15RA
0 JOO
RET PULS D,X,Y,PC
TO BASIC
0074 0017 01
WL1 WOf VI
INVERT FCB 1
0075 00 IP 0000
ff£J UfJO WW
BRKVEC
FDB 0
007A
VV 1 0
00AR
f f HD
RH77
QULL
DESCEN BSR FNDLOC
0077
f f / /
00AH
f v nil
PA05
LOf J
LDB #5
5 BLANKS
007A 001A 1407
ui/Jn Jtc/
BRKCLR PSHS A,B,CC
007R
f f /O
00AP
v v nr
P7RH0019
C/OUf v 07
STB DRCHARfl.PCR CHANGE PROI
0077 00ir FA0155
wli vvov rofijj
LDB 341
THE PROGRAM
0079
vv 1 7
00R1
f v DO
PA79
L007
LDB #$39
RTS CODE
007R 001P RAP7
Ufi.Q ff Jl 001 /
LDA #247
NEEDS THE
00R0
f f Of
00R5
vVDtj
P7RH005R
L /OUf f JD
STB BOT , PCR
PUT IN STA
0079 0041 R7PP07
vvLi vviL ofrrvL
STA $FF02
ARROW KEYS
00A1
VVQL
00R9
V V 07
OUOf
BSR DRCHAR
GO DRAW IT
0010 0044 RAPP00
ffOf ff*t*t DOrrff
LDA $FF00
BUT WITH
A0Q9
VVQL
00RR
f f DO
PA07
LOf 0
LDB #3
RESTORE
0011 0047 RAR0
ffOl ffn/ OHOf
ORA 1128
BREAK DIS-
00R!
f f 00
00RH
VVDU
P7RH009R
C/OUf f£0
STB DRCHAR+l.PCR PROGRAM
0017 0049 Q1F7
ffO^. ff*t7 air/
CMPA #247
ABLE THE
00RA
VVQ^
00P 1
vvL I
PAA7
LCH/
LDB #$A7
STA CODE
0011 004R 7704
ffOO fftD £/f*t
BEQ 88
AREA WHERE
00R5
V V OJ
00PT
f V LO
P7RH004H
C/OUf f*tU
STB BOT, PCR
CHANGE RTS
0014 0fi4n PA0R
ffOt PB*fU LHfO
ORB #8
THE KEYS
00RA
f f 00
00P7
f V Li
lvLv
BRA RET
GOTO BASIC
0015 004P 7007
ffoj ff*tr ^ff^.
BRA C@
ARE READ IS
001A 0051 P4F7
ffOO PfJI L*tr /
B@
ANDB #247
NOT UP-
00R7
f PO /
00P9
f f L7
RH04
OUf *t
FOUND BSR FNDLOC
* DATED PROPERLY
00AR
ffOO
00PR
f f Ld
RH1P
OUlC
BSR DRCHAR
DRAW IT
0017 005! F70155
ffO/ ffJO r/DiJJ
C8
STB 341
SO IT IS
00R9
f V 07
V V LU
90HA
LV UH
BRA RET
RETURN
001R 005A PA015A
ffoo ffjo rofijo
LDB 342
DONE HERE.
0019 0059 RAPP
fPOT VV J7 oocr
LDA #239
TO UNDER-
0090
f f 7f
00PP
vv Lr
nrflfl
ULOO
FNDLOC LDD <$88
0040 005R R7PP07
fftf ff jd D/rrvL
STA $FF02
STAND HOW
♦ CURSOR POSITION KEPT BY BASIC
f041 vvjt oorrftJ
LDA $FF00
THIS WORKS
VV 71
ffDl
o4f4
PSHS B
SAVE 0-31
0042 0061 8A80
ORA #128
READ PAGE
0092
00D3
44
LSRA
MOVE BIT 0
0043 0063 81F7
CMPA #247
33 OF THE
0093
00D4
56
RORB
INTO B REG
0044 0065 2704
BED D@
COLOR
0094
00D5
54
LSRB
NOW MOVE
0045 0067 CA08
ORB #8
COMPUTER
0095
00D6
54
LSRB
INTO LOWER
0046 0069 2002
BRA E@
TECHNICAL
0096
00D7
54
LSRB
NYBBLE OF B
0047 006B C4F7
D@
ANDB #247
REFERENCE
0097
00D8
54
LSRB
REGISTER
0048 006D F70156
E§
STB 342
MANUAL.
0098
00D9
860C
LDA #12
12 LINES
0049 0070 3507
PULS A,B,CC
RESTORE REG
0099
00DB
3D
MUL
PER CHAR.
0050 0072 3262
LEAS 2,S
PULL RETURN
0100
00DC
8620
LDA #32
32 BYTES
0051 0074 1CAF
ANDCC t$AF
ADDRESS AND
0101
00DE
3D
MUL
WIDE.
April, 1983
the RAINBOW 127
ft 4 /in
0102
/i /in P"
00DF
1F01
• p n mm \j
TFR D,X
mm mm i j
TO X
0144 0146 6C78
FCB 108,120
0103
/I /IP 4
00E1
3504
PULS B
kinu apt
NOW GET
0104
00E3
C41F
ANDB #31
POSITION
0145 0148 457E60607C
E
FCB $45.126.96.96.124.96.96
1 WW T lUI 1 LU 1 / U 1 / U I 4t mm I 1 / W 1 / U
0105
00E5
3A
ABX
ACROSS
0146 014F 7E
FCB 126
0106
00E6
nnnn
DCBC
LDD <$BC
START OF HI
/I 4 /I 7
0107
00E8
7 /inn
308B
LEAX D,X
RES SCREEN
0147 0150 467E60607C
F
FCB $46,126,96,96,124,96,96
0108
00EA
39
RTS
ALL DONE
Atm a m mm. mm a mm* mm aw
0148 0157 60
FCB 96
* CHARACTERS WITHOUT DESCENDERS
mm a m Am Am a mm Am m mm mm mm a Am a Am
0149 0158 473C666060
G
FCB $47,60,102,96,96,110,102
* ARE MADE UP OF 3 BLANK ROWS,
mm a mm mm mm a mm mm mm mm
0150 015F 3C
FCB 60
* 7 DATA ROWS, 2 BLANK ROWS.
* DESCENDERS ARE 5 AND 7
Am a mm a mm a mm m mm «««««« mm mm
0151 0160 486666667E
H
FCB $48,102,102,102,126,102
a a /in
0109
00EB
C603
DRCHAR LDB #3
m A mm mm ft A 1 1 till
0152 0166 6666
FCB 102,102
mm a A mm
0110
00ED
4F
CLRA
« nni ir m i a n
ABOVE CHAR
0111
/i n p* p*
00EE
6D8DFF45
TST INVERT, PCR
1 1 1 1 V P% 1 1 k*\ P* 1 M 9K
WHICH COLOR
Am a mm mm mm a Am m mm mm mm a mm a mm a mm
0153 0168 493C181818
I
FCB $49,60,24,24,24,24,24,60
M J A mm
0112
jb mm mm jm
00F2
2701
BEQ C@
ft ll PS k J PS
0 = W ON B
0113
/i ft i
00F4
A mm
43
COMA
n in n nil 1 1
FLIP B ON W
0154 0170 4A06060606
J
FCB $4A,6,6,6,6,6,102,60
0114
00F5
7 i /in
3402
ce
PSHS A
n AI 1 A 1 1 T 1 P"
SAV AWILE
0115
ft ft »■ ^
00F7
a\ A ■
A784
D@
STA ,X
ON SCREEN
0155 0178 4B66666C78
K
FCB $4B, 102, 102, 108, 120, 108
/l 4 4 i
0116
vt vtp*n
00F9
308820
LEAX 32, X
NEXT ROW
mm a mm a am a mm mm 4 111
0156 017E 6666
FCB 102,102
mm a a mm
0117
00FC
5A
DECB
m i H AtlPM
ALL DONE?
JA J J a
0118
00FD
26F8
BNE D@
NO, NEXT
0157 0180 4C60606060
L
FCB $4C, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96,126
0119
00FF
C607
LDB #7
7 ROWS TALL
/V J A* ft
0120
0101
A J A ft
A6A0
NXTBYT LDA ,Y+
DATA
am « mm mm. mm a mm mm A mm. t t mm mm mm mm a
0158 0188 4D667E7E66
M
FCB $40,102,126,126,102,102
0121
0103
6D8DFF30
TST INVERT, PCR
CHECK COLOR
mm a mm mm, jm A mm. mm ■ ■ * *
0159 018E 6666
FCB 102,102
0122
ft A ft*t>
0107
2701
BEQ E@
0 = W ON B
0123
0109
43
COMA
B ON W
0160 0190 4E66767E7E
N
FCB $4E,102, 118, 126,126, 110
0124
010A
A784
E@
STA ,X
TO SCREEN
0161 0196 6666
FCB 102,102
0125
ft a /in
010C
308820
LEAX 32, X
NEXT ROW
0126
010F
5A
DECB
ALL 7?
0162 0198 4F3C666666
0
FCB $4F,60,102,102,102,102,102
0127
ft A A ft
0110
n i p* p"
26EF
BNE NXTBYT
NEXT BYTE
ft A i **W A 1 ftp —W §*\
0163 019F 3C
FCB 60
0128
/I A A f*.
0112
3502
PULS A
RETRIEVE A
0129
0114
A784
BOT
STA ,X
BOTTOM 2
0164 01A0 507C66667C
P
FCB $50,124,102,102,124,96,96
JB A mm J*
0130
0116
A78820
STA 32, X
ROWS ALSO
0165 01A7 60
FCB 96
0131
ft a a n
0119
39
RTS
ALL DONE
0166 01A8 513C666666
Q
FCB $51,60,102,102,102,118,108
a 4 ^n
0132
ft A A A
0 1 1 A
4 t r rr\n
17FFB2
BACKSP LBSR FNDLOC
WHERE
mm A 1 mm mm a A mm mm m
0167 01AF 3A
FCB 58
0133
01 1 D
7rt 4 F*
301F
LEAX -1,X
BACKSPACE
0134
ft A A
0 1 IF
—V A AH A J MP*
318D01CE
LEAY SPACE+1,PCR BLANK CHAR
0168 01B0 527C66667C
R
FCB $52,124,102,102,124,108
0135
0123
nnn i
8DC6
BSR DRCHAR
PUT IT ON
mm a I mm, mm a VS 1 lilt
0169 01B6 6666
FCB 102,102
0136
/l 4 AP
0125
4 i ppni
16FF81
LBRA RET
DONE
Am a mm mm mm a At mm mm mm mm mm $ mm mm mm
0170 01B8 533C66603C
S
FCB $53,60,102,96,60,6,102,60
* NOT
ALL LETTERS ARE
INCLUDED
* HERE
, ONLY THOSE THAT ARE USED
0171 01C0 547E181818
T
FCB $54,126,24,24,24,24,24,24
* IN THE BASIC PROGRAM
■
* EACH
CHARACTER IS SEVEN ROWS
mm a IB mm mm a mm mm mm mm ajjajjaj
0172 01C8 5566666666
U
FCB $55,102,102,102,102,102
* TALL, THE HEX NUMBER
IS THE
0173 01CE 663C
FCB 102,60
t ASCII CODE FOR THE COMPARE
* USED TO FIND EACH DATA BLOCK
0174 01D0 5666666666
V
FCB $56,102,102,102,102,102
Am a mm mm Am a mm mm Am Am
0175 01D6 3C18
FCB 60,24
0137
0128
• 4 4 OTP JJ JJ
41183C6666
LETTA
FCB $41,24,60,102,102
0138
A 4 ps r\
012D
TP III!
7E6666
FCB 126,102,102
0176 01D8 5766666666
w
FCB $57,102,102,102,102,126
0177 01DE 7E66
FCB 126,102
A 1 TO
0139
0130
427C66667C
B
FCB $42,124,102,
,102,124,102
ft a a ft
0140
0136
667C
FCB 102,124
0178 01E0 5866663C18
X
FCB $58,102,102,60,24,60,102
/lino /ii n l l
0179 01E7 66
p" f** r\ i api
FCB 102
0138
433C666060
C
FCB $43,60,102,96,96,96,102
0142
013F
3C
FCB 60
0180 01E8 5966663C18
Y
FCB $59,102,102,60,24,24,24
0181 01EF 18
FCB 24
0143
0140
44786C6666
D
FCB $44,120,108,
,102,102,102
28
the RAINBOW
April, 1983
AUTO DUN
SEE YOU AT
RAINBOWFEST!
Auto Run is a utility program for the TRS-80*
Extended Basic Color Computer. It is used to add
convenience and professionalism to your software.
Auto Run will help you create your title screen
with the graphics editor. The graphics editor allows
you to choose a background color and border style.
Using the arrow keys and several other commands
you can draw pictures, block letters and also include
text.
Auto Run will generate a machine language load-
er program to preceed your program on the tape.
Then, to start up your program, simply type
CLOADM to load in the Auto Run loader program,
which will then automatically start itself up, display
your title screen, load your program and then RUN
or EXEC it.
Also you may record a vocal or musical introduc-
tion preceding your program. The Auto Run loader
will control the audio on/off.
Basic programs can be set to load anywhere in
memory above $600 (the P CLEAR 0 page).
Software authors: The Auto Run prefix may be
appended to your software products.
Auto Run is $14.95 and includes complete docu-
mentation and an assembly source listing.
Requires 16K Extended Basic.
Tape Information
Management System
A user-oriented, easy to use personal database
management system for the TRS-80* Color Com-
puter with these outstanding features:
* keeps files of programs, names, addresses, birth-
days, recipes, class or club rosters, anything
* variable record and field lengths
*phrase substitution editor
*up to 8 user-definable fields
* ML sort (up to 3 fields), search and delete functions
*2 search modes — range and item
* user-definable printer format, for any printer
*up to 230 characters per record
For $24.95 you get the database management
system, our full documentation which includes a
reference guide and a programmer's guide, and our
1981 Bibliography of articles relating to the Color
Computer. Requires 16K Extended Basic. 32K
recommended.
1982 TIMS Bibliography — $9.95
Galactic
an
1 , , ., ,
H
A great new twist to the popular, educational word
guessing game for the Color Computer. Large (700
words) and sophisticated vocabulary. Or enter your
own words, your child's spelling list, foreign
language vocabulary, etc.
Outstanding high resolution graphics, animation
and sound effects.
For $14.95 you get both the 16K and 32K versions
of Galactic Hangman.
A sensational and educational version of a popular
party game for the TRS-80* Color Computer . . .
For 1 to 10 players. Load a story into the com-
puter. The players are asked to supply a noun, verb,
part of body, celebrity, etc. which the program uses
to complete the story. The story, which is displayed
when all words are entered, will be hilarious. Silly
Syntax requires 16K Extended Basic (32K for disk
version). For $19.95, you get a user guide and a
tape containing the Silly Syntax game and 2 stories.
You can create your own stories or order story tapes
from the selection below.
Silly Syntax stories — Ten stories per tape.
SS-001 - Fairy Tales SS-004 - Current Events
SS-002 - Sing Along SS-006 - Adventure/Sci-Fi
SS-003 - X-Rated SS-007 - Potpourri
Each story tape is $9.95. 1 0% off for 3 or more story
tapes. Disk is $24.95 for Silly Syntax and 2 stories or
$49.95 for Silly Syntax and all 62 stories.
RAINBOW
'TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp.
SUGAR SOFTWARE
2153 Leah Lane
Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068
(614) 861-0565
CIS orders EMAIL to 70405, 1374
Add $1 .00 per tape or disk for
postage and handling. Ohio-
ans add 5.5% sales tax. COD
orders are welcome. Dealer
inquiries invited.
0182 01F0 5A7E060C18 Z FCB $5A, 126,6, 12,24,48,96, 126
0217 02B8 333C66061C N3 FCB $33,60,102,6,28,6,102,60
0183 01F8 6100003C06 LA FCB $61,0,0,60,6,62,102,62
0184 0200 6260607C66 LB
0185 0207 7C
FCB $62,96,96,124,102,102,102
FCB 124
0218 02C0 340E1E3666 N4 FCB $34,14,30,54,102,126,6,6
0219 02C8 357E607C06 N5 FCB $35, 126,96, 124,6,6, 102
0220 02CF 3C FCB 60
0186 0208 6300003C66 LC FCB $63,0,0,60,102,96,102,60
0187 0210 6406063E66 LD FCB $64,6,6,62,102,102,102,62
0188 0218 6500003C66 LE FCB $65,0,0,60,102,126,96,60
0189 0220 663C666078 LF
0190 0227 60
0191 0228 6860607C66 LH
0192 022F 66
FCB $66,60,102,96,120,96,96
FCB 96
FCB $68,96,96,124,102,102,102
FCB 102
0193 0230 6918001818 LI FCB $69,24,0,24,24,24,24,24
0194 0238 6B60666C78 LK
0195 023E 6666
FCB $6B, 96, 102, 108, 120,108
FCB 102,102
0196 0240 6C18181818 LL FCB $6C,24,24,24,24,24,24,24
0197 0248 6D0000667E LH
0198 024F 66
0199 0250 6E00007C66 LN
0200 0257 66
FCB $6D, 0,0, 102,126, 126, 102
FCB 102
FCB $6E,0, 0,124, 102,102, 102
FCB 102
0201 0258 6F00003C66 LO FCB $6F, 0,0, 60, 102, 102, 102,60
0202 0260 7200007C66 LR FCB $72,0,0,124,102,96,96,96
0203 0268 7300003C60 LS FCB $73,0,0,60,96,60,6,60
0204 0270 7400183C18 LT FCB $74,0,24,60,24,24,24,12
0205 0278 7500006666 LU
0206 027F 3E
0207 0280 7600006666 LV
0208 0287 18
0209 0288 7700006666 LW
0210 028F 66
FCB $75,0,0,102,102,102,102
FCB 62
FCB $76,0,0,102,102,102,60
FCB 24
FCB $77,0,0,102,102,126,126
FCB 102
0211 0290 780000663C LX FCB $78,0,0, 102,60,24,60, 102
0212 0298 7A00007C0C LZ FCB $7A,0,0, 124, 12,24,48, 124
0213 02A0 303C666E7E N0
0214 02A6 663C
FCB $30,60,102,110,126,118
FCB 102,60
0215 02A8 3118381818 Nl FCB $31,24,56,24,24,24,24,60
0216 02B0 323C66060C N2 FCB $32,60,102,6,12,24,48,126
0221 02D0 363C66607C N6 FCB $36,60, 102,96, 124, 102, 102
0222 02D7 3C FCB 60
0223 02D8 377E06060C N7 FCB $37, 126,6,6,12,24,48,96
0224 02E0 383C66663C N8 FCB $38,60,102,102,60,102,102
0225 02E7 3C FCB 60
0226 02E8 393C66663E N9 FCB $39,60,102,102,62,6,102
0227 02EF 3C FCB 60
0228 02F0 2000000000 SPACE FCB $20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0229 02F8 25304A3408 PERCNT FCB $25,48,74,52,8,44,82
0230 02FF 0C FCB 12
0231 0300 2718181800 APOST FCB $27,24,24,24,0,0,0,0
0232 0308 2A10543838 ASTERK FCB $2A, 16,84, 56,56,84
0233 030E 1000 FCB 16,0
0234 0310 3A00181800 COLON FCB $3A,0,24,24,0,24, 24
0235 0317 00 FCB 0
0236 0318 3F3C66060C QUEST FCB $3F, 60, 102,6, 12,24,0
0237 031F 18 FCB 24
* THESE LETTERS COME LAST
* BECAUSE THEY HAVE DESCENDERS
0238 0320 673C666666 L6 FCB $67,60, 102, 102, 102,62
0239 0326 063C FCB 6,60
0240 0328 6A06060606 LJ FCB $6A,6,6,6,6,6, 102,60
0241 0330 707C666666 LP FCB $70,124,102,102,102,124
0242 0336 6060 FCB 96,96
0243 0338 713E666666 LQ
0244 033E 0606
0245 0340 796666663C LY
0246 0346 3060
FCB $71,62,102,102,102,62
FCB 6,6
FCB $79,102,102,102,60,24
FCB 48,96
0247 0348 000000
0248 034B
FCB 0,0,0
* THREE ZEROS ARE NEEDED HERE TO
* MAKE THIS PROGRAM WORK WHILE
* TACKED ONTO THE END OF THE
* BASIC PROGRAM.
END START
130
the RAINBOW April, 1983
The TRS-80* Color-Computer
DATABASE
ENHANCED
Database Management, Word Processing and Spread Sheet Calculations in One Integrated Package
Business Applications
Real Estate
Ledgers
Mailing Lists
Single Letters
Memos
Phone Lists
Form Letters
Charts
Business Reports
Inventories
Income Tax Preparation
Property Maintenance
Property Rentals
Receivables
Payables
Order Entry
Business Contacts
Appointments
Client Profiles
Document/ Article Indexing
Lab Reports
Personnel Records
Student Grades
Budgets
Homebase is Easy to Use
• No programming required.
All options are displayed in
menus. HOMEBASE automa-
tically requests all required
data and edits every entry.
• All commands are single key
stroke.
• Full screen editing for text
entry.
• Complete curosr control for
entering names, titles,
notes, comments and all
other data.
• Over 100 pages of well
organized and easy to use
documentation with complete
descriptions of every com-
mand, and examples.
• Requires 32K of memory,
DISK BASIC and only one
disk drive. No equipment
modifications required.
• Fast response to all com-
mands including search and
sort.
Enhancement:
• A tutorial/demonstration file
with step-by-step instructions.
Custom Report Writer For Data Management Files
Merge data management files with text files
Print one document per data record.
Print one document for multiple data records by using a
data field as a key for matching records.
Use all printer control options.
Print multiple copies.
Print selected data records.
Store multiple formats on a single TEXT file.
Alter formats while using the REPORT WRITER or TEXT
PROCESSING program
Data Management
• Define 50 data fields, in-
cluding a comment field, in a
single record. Dates, time of
day, phone numbers and
dollar amounts are
automatically formatted. You
may also define 24 scratch-
pad data fields not contained
within your data records.
• Reorganize records by mov-
ing data fields within records
or by moving records within
a file. You may sort records
in ascending or descending
order using record names
you assign or data values.
• Manage files by searching,
deleting, clearing, duplicat-
ing, and displaying any data
or record. Add, subtract,
multiply, divide, or sum-
marize any data field. Use
any command on a single
record or selected group of
records. You may also selec-
tively process any single
data field or group of data
fields.
• Print files using automatic
formatting with options to
print report titles, a report
date, page numbers, record
names, and data field
names. Print all or selected
data fields or records.
Enhancements:
• Variable length alpha/text
data fields.
• Use 1 or 2 disk drives.
• Range search for alpha/text
data fields and record
names.
• Calculator mode for entering
new data field values while
performing calculations and
automatically displaying the
results of calculations.
• Extended sort which permits
sorting on any position
within a comment alpha/text
data field.
• Separate printer drivers for
NEC and OKI DATA printers.
Text/Word Processing
• Define 250 screens of text
you can search, sort,
display, or print. Reference
or select records using
ORDER TOLL FREE 800-334-0854
Credit card holders call toll free: 800-334-0854, extension 887
in North Carolina call: 800-672-0101, extension 887 or send a
check or money order for $75 + $5 for handling charges to:
HOMEBASE™ COMPUTER SYSTEMS
P.O. Box 3448, Ourham, N.C. 27702
90 day warranty
N.C. residents add 4% for sales tax. Allow 1 to 3 weeks delivery.
HOMEBASE™ is a trademark of HOMEBASE ™ COMPUTER SYSTEMS,
a subsidiary of Small Business Systems, Durham, N.C. (919) 544-5408.
"TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Radio Shack, Inc.
record names you assign or
by searching for any word or
phrase within text records.
• Edit text by duplicating,
moving, clearing, searching
and replacing, deleting, or
reordering entire records of
text or portions of text
records. Print the text record
appearing on the screen to
review before final print.
• Format labels, memos, let-
ters, and other documents
for printing with embeded
printer controls for paging,
skipping lines, and changing
character fonts. Program
controls provide for setting;
right and left margins, lines
per page, page width,
horizontal tabs, and line
spacing. Reuse control set-
tings or change when
desired. Print multiple
copies. Merge text records
to produce a form letter for
an address file.
Enhancements:
• Use 1 or 2 disk drives.
• A separate printer driver for
NEC and OKIDATA printers.
• Page numbering.
• Print page headings.
• Page backwards or for-
wards.
Utilities for Data
Management and
Word Processing
• Generating new files from old
files.
Merging files.
Duplicating files.
Moving data between files.
Summarizing files.
Moving files from diskette to
diskette using a single drive.
Saving files to cassette and
reloading from cassette.
File synchronizing.
Print disk directory
Enhancements:
Rename flies.
Extended summarize and
update.
Software Review
Speak Up!
Speaks For Itself
With today's rapid gains in technology and the resulting
drop in the cost of electronic components, digitally synthes-
ized voice is becoming more and more common in our
everyday lives. We have automobiles with little voices that
tell us when we have left our headlights on, vending
machines that talk to us and even computers that deliver
sales pitches over the phone. Now Speak Up!, a 100% soft-
ware speech synthesis program, lets the CoCo communicate
with the real world in a voice of its own.
Speak Up is a machine language program that is capable
of reproducing 37 of the most common English language
phonemes on the CoCo's television speaker. (The phoneme
is the fundamental unit of speech). The cassette on which it is
delivered contains both a copy for 16K machines and a copy
for 32K machines. Both versions take up less than 7K bytes
of memory and run in one of two modes, ( 1 ) an interactive
mode where words and sentences to be spoken are typed on
the keyboard and (2) a BASIC program mode where Speak
UpFs input is passed in by a running program.
After a quick pass through Speak Up. r s complete, clear
and informative documentation, I was ready to fire up my
CoCo and hear its first ever spoken words. Running Speak
Up! in the interactive mode, it was with great anticipation
that I typed at the prompt, those immortal, timeless words,
"HELLO WORLD!" Sure enough, my CoCo announced
itself with its newfound voice and I was pleasantly surprised
by the quality of the voice emanating from the speaker.
Color Computer Enhancements from Micro Technical Products
*LCA-47— Lower Case Adapter
Smart improvement'
• Compatible with ALL Color Computer
Software
• Bright characters on a dark background
■ Lower Case with true descenders
■ Comprehensive User's Manual
■ Easy 5-mm installation
no cutting no soldering
- Uses NO system memory
- 1 year warranty!
Assembled & Tested $75.00
*PP-16— EPRDM Programmer
• 5vo!tEPR0Ms 2516. 2716 & 2758
■ Read Program. Verify data. Verity erased
■ Auto verily after programming
Software available for 6502. 6800.
6809. 8080. 8085. & Z80 (specify one)
Note User must provide inlerlace to computer
Bare PC Board &
Documentation $25.00
Complete Kit $45.00
*PAK ATTACK—
From Computerware
Great fun for all "kids ' without the quarters
Fast action, brilliant colors
Tape $24.95
*Super 'Color' Writer II—
From Nelson
• Tops ALL word processors tor the
Color Computer 1
More features
Supports ANY line printer
- Comprehensive documentation
RDM PAK.. $74.95 Disk. .$99.95
ORDER
1 , lfliat.JBtlll.il ■■■*■«■■■< . .- itit-i ■>■■■■■
■ ii"i.il.riiiTi~i-h'-HJ ' H-i it- t — i
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■a-u.i-lt + j-, + ...l hhtM !-■•» ■■■■■
MM ' " - -ti.H-.i- I -i-l-H-
. . - - ■. . i . . ■ ii.iii.ii-r ■ i .1 ■
■■■■■» iin.iiir< I .. .k
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-nrr 'f-ii -pf • ■--
-u" * .i.iri I'"
'
— u ■-■ IKIO
I M44MM UNO.
*ROML-RDM PAK Loader Program
Innovative'
Save your ROM PAKS on disk and run
WITHOUT removing disk controller (requires
64k RAM) ^ m> ^
Load and run ANY machine language /f^^\
program. rainbow
FREE program included to copy machine ""IT 10 "
language programs from tape to disk
Tape. . . $25.00 Disk. . . $29.00
*ROMKIL-BASIC RDM Disabler
Disables Disk BASIC ROM or Extended
BASIC ROM
• Frees up extra RAM
System stays in selecled level of BASIC
even if Reset
Cycling power restores ail ROMs
Tape . . $15.00 Disk. . . $19.00
*PLUS32-64k RAM Enabler
• Runs BASIC from RAM whereyou can
modity it
Allows you to load machine language
programs above BASIC
- Requires good 64k RAM system
Tape . .. $15.00 Disk ... $19.00
•BANNER— Moving Marquee
Program
- Display any message in GIANT
m__o v i n g letters
- You choose colors & speed
Tape ... $19.00 Disk ... $23.00
ftMNAQW
v.<-
♦SPECIAL SAVINGS— $25 oo Off
when you purchase Super Color' Writer II and
an LCA-47 together 1
NOW
Micro Technical Products, Inc.
123 N. Sirrine, Suite 106-A2
Mesa, AZ 85201 (602) 834-0283
Add 5% for shipping, minimum $2.00.
Overseas 10%, min. $4.00. Arizona, add
5% tax. Visa & MasterCard welcome.
Speak Up! produces meaningful, understandable sounds
by scanning the words and sentences input to it for certain
letter pairs and single letters that it can pronounce. For
example, the letter sequence CH produces a sound such as
found in the word "chip." Sounds are strung together to
produce coherent output. Punctuation in the input string
produces varying periods of silence; a space (like between
words of a sentence) causes a single, silent pause to be
output, a comma causes two pauses and a period, three. All
other characters (i.e. numbers and other punctuation) are
ignored.
The author's desire to keep Speak Up! a. reasonable size,
coupled with the inherent complexities and inconsistencies
of the English language, make it relatively easy to fool Speak
UpFs letter to-phoneme mapping scheme. For example, the
word "champagne" comes out sounding like "CHAMP-
AG-NN." By the use of a little creative spelling (i.e.
"SH AMPAYN" in the example above), proper pronuncia-
tion can be obtained. With the letter-to-sound chart att-
ached to Speak Up. r s documentation and some practice, I
was quickly able to figure out alternate spellings for almost
any word, like COMPYEWTER for "computer" and FIEV
for "five."
Running Speak Up! in the BASIC program mode also
proved to work out well. Thereare clear examples on how to
interface to both Color BASIC (via "PRINT@0 (DATA)"
statements) and Extended Color BASIC (via DEFUSRand
USR functions) contained in the documentation. It was an
extremely simple exercise to write a program to read text
files out loud (although enhancement to look for and re-
spell "problem" words would have added some polish to my
program). The number of applications for Speak Up! seems
to be limitless.
Overall, I am impressed with the quality of Speak Upland
its documentation andfeel that it is a tool that would make a
nice addition to any CoCo software library.
(Classical Computing, Inc., P.O. Box 12247, Lexington, KY
40582, $29.95)
— Gary E. Epple
Submitting Material
To the Rainbow
Contributions to the RAIN BOW are welcome from
everyone. We like to run a variety of programs which will be
useful/ helpful/ fun for other CoCo owners.
Program submissions must be on tape or disk and it is best
to make several saves, at least one of them in ASCII format.
We're sorry, but we do not have time to key in programs. All
programs should be supported by some editorial
commentary, explaining how the program works. We're
much more interested in how your submission works and
runs than how you developed it. Programs should be
learning experiences.
We do pay for submissions, based on a number of criteria.
Those wishing remuneration should so state when making
submissions.
For the benefit of those who wish more detailed infor-
mation on making submissions, please send a SASE to:
Submissions Editor, the RAINBOW, P.O. Box 209,
Prospect, KY 40059. We will send you some more
comprehensive guidelines.
Please do not submit programs or articles currently
submitted to another publication.
132 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Four smart ways
to make your Atari 400/800,
TRS-80 COLOR, VIC-20 and Commodore 64
much more intelligent.
1
The Color Accountant pays
for itself. This complete per-
sonal financial package is
designed to make your money
easier to manage. Included are:
/. Checkbook Maintenance
2. Chart of Accounts
3. Check Search
4. Income/Expense Statement
5. Net Worth Statement
6. Color Graph Design Package
7. Home Budget Analysis
8. Color Payments Calendar
9. Mailing List
10. Decision Maker
This unique menu-driven pack-
age requires less than one hour
data input per month. The Color
Accountant has over 60 pages
of documentation including
examples and step-by-step
instructions. TRS-80 COLOR
requires Ext. Basic and 16K for
cassette, 32K for diskette; Atari
400/800 requires 24K for cas-
sette, 32K for diskette; VIC-20
requires 16K Expander. Now
available for Commodore 64.
$74.95 cassette;
S79.95 diskette
The Tax Handler makes
April 15th just another day.
This is the perfect complement
to our Color Accountant. The Tax
Handler will help prepare your
tax returns and probably save
you money. Included are:
/. Form 1040 (Long Form)— filing
status, exemptions, income,
income adjustments, com-
putation of tax, tax credits
and payments or balance/
refund due.
2 Schedule A (Itemized Deduc-
tions)— medical and dental
deductions, taxes, interest
expenses, contributions,
casualty /theft losses, miscel-
laneous deductions and
summary.
3. Schedule G (Income A wag-
ing)— base period income and
adjustments, computation of
averageable income and
computation of tax.
Additional schedules or altera-
tions to the tax codes will be
available separately in our
monthly magnetic magazines.
Atari400/800requires24Kfor
cassette, 32K for diskette. VIC-20
requires 16K Expander. Now
available for Commodore 64.
$34.95 cassette;
$39.95 diskette
■
You'll love your computer
with The Magnetic Maga-
zine. Our magnetic magazines
will entertain, inform, educate,
challenge and delight you. Each
issue contains 4 to 7 ready-to-
use quality programs, all fully
listable. Every issue includes a
newsletter containing instruc-
tions, tips on programming
techniques and a line-by-line
examination of the feature
program. And starting with issue
number 8, the first in a series of
tutorials on machine language
programming, Database I with a
new application every following
issue and a new utility in our
Utility-of-The-Month section. And
word processing is coming soon!
A full year's subscription
consists of 10 issues— over 50
programs a year at a mere
fraction of their cost. Available
for TRS-80 COLOR Ext. Basic,
Atari 400/800; all require 16K.
Back issues available.
One year subscription:
S50.00 cassette;
S75.00 diskette
Half year subscription:
S30.00 cassette;
S45.00 diskette
Sample issue:
$10.00 cassette;
S15.00 diskette
VIK VIDEO issue 1 available
for VIC-20; $12.95 cassette
The Learning Center
teaches and enlightens
children. Our exceptional
educational programs are class-
room designed and tested. These
unique packages have been
invented to introduce 3 to 9 year
olds to the ease of computer
learning. Through the use of
basic concepts such as colors,
shapes, numbers and letters,
children understand counting,
math and language skills. Each
program is designed to develop
a specific skill, rewarding each
correct answer with music and a
happy face. Most are compatible
with our new Edumate Light
Pen $34.95.
Available for Atari 400/800,
VIC-20 and Commodore 64; all
require 8K for cassette, 1 6K for
diskette. Also available for
Timex /Sinclair 1000 and TI-99.
Please ask about programs
available and their prices
for Pre-School, Kindergar-
ten and Grades 1 & 2.
Prices range from S8.95
for a single cassette to
$79.95 for a complete set
on diskette.
Order now! See your local dealer or order direct. New catalog $2.00. Visa and MasterCard accepted—
please add $2.00 for postage and handling.
Call toll free!
1-800-334-SOFT
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
I— 0
programmers
a, di vision of kutukE KO
a division of FUTURE HOUSE — dept. r
p.o. box 3470, chapel hill, north Carolina 27514, 919-967-0861
Software Review . . .
File Cabinet: Excellent
Utility For The Adventurous
In search of a versatile filing program with the flexibility
of a Data Base system, 1 eagerly pored over File Cabinet
from Moreton Bay Software.
As I read the narrative, I discovered that the author has
included two adaptions of the basic program, a Recipe File
and an Address File, complete with sample data files.
These additional programs were included to demonstrate
the versatility of the BASIC program. The documentation
for this program consists of nine pages of running narrative
which primarily describes how to find Tomatoes in Salad
(Salad is the Data File for Recipe).
I can't wait for the salad, 1 have to get to the meat of the
program, the File Cabinet. After all, it can't be that difficult
to set up a file.
CLOAD, okay. R LWokay. Read the title page and copy-
right, okay. Next screen, CREATE or LOAD. Since 1 don't
have a tape file, I select CREATE which then prompts for
the number of Entries (Fields) per Record, 2-20. After
ENTERing, the screen proudly displays the number of
Records available in menory using an average of 10 charac-
ters per field. Is this enough? A No response automatically
reduces the average field size to increase the amount of
available records. This is great.
The next prompt is for a file name. Then, enter field
names by prompt. An incorrect entry, what to do? No
instructions, the Adventure begins. (I begin to thing of File
Cabinet as sort of a "Utility Adventure," but the command
TAKE LAM P sheds no light.) At the end of the Field Name
entry, there is a prompt, "CORRECT Y/N." But, no
response will have you redo all field names.
After naming the fields, the ADD or MENU prompt
appears. At this point, the author wisely suggests that you
enter a few trial records to develop familiarity with the
commands and functions. Good Advice.
We now have a few records with a few fields. The Adven-
ture continues. Let's examine the MAINTENANCE
MENU, the most complete I've seen for the CC.
ADD, simpleenough. SORT, by selected field, great! No,
wait, danger lurks! The ASCII sort routine thinks a 2 is
larger than 15 unless you avoid this peril by using leading
zeros.
CHANGE and DELETE. Unfortunately, these com-
mands will only allow access to one record in the file before
returning to the MENU.
FIND will locate multiple occurrences in a specified field
of any character or string. This is very useful to aid in
locating records for CHANGE and DELETE, but you need
a scratch pad and pencil.
LIST, sort of an Inventory command to let you see your
file "treasures" on the screen — if the record data will fit on
one screen. You can page through records in sort order or
return to the menu.
REMAINING MEM. is a nice featuref orsmall machines
or large files. Select this option to display bytes and record
space available.
MAIN MENU, there are five corridors out of here.
MAINTENANCE MENU takes you back to where you
were. SAVE takes you to cassette. QUIT takes you to Basic
(GOTO 10 will get you back with your data). TOTAL will
total a field from all or selected records. The total is only
displayed on screen with a record count and numeric
average.
REPORT, the most versatile, yet least described function.
When you get here, it's like getting through Raaka-Tu with
only half enough points. The function call is self-prompting,
but somewhat confusing. The first prompt, Print to Screen
or Printer, is selected. The output for either option is similar
except on Screen, you must page through all selected
records with end of file being your only access back to the
menu.
The next prompt is for an arithmetic field. If Y, you are
prompted for number of 1st entry field. Once done, you can
select the appropriate math function from +, -, * and / . The
program then adds a new field to every record and asks for
the 2nd entry field. This is the numeric value you wish to use.
This value is placed in the added field. The next prompt is to
name the (results) field.
You are then allowed to select which fields will be printed
and if you want the field heading printed. Each field is
printed at the left margin which makes it difficult to format
any type of table.
The final series of prompts in this routine ask which fields
to select if you did not select an earlier ALL fields prompt.
The next prompt, Input search start parameter, was confus-
ing until I remembered the ASCII trap. You can enter any
value that will find a match in your selected field. The Input
end parameter will allow you to select a range of values
within a field. At last, press any key to print.
I believe I managed to escape with all the treasures the File
Cabinet Unility Adventure contains. This filing program is
the best I've seen for the CC and is very close to being
outstanding in its function, but the documentation needs to
be rewritten so that all the functions in this program can be
fully exploited other than by the trial-and-error, or "Adven-
ture," method. Now, if we can only get an M L sort routine
included . . .
(Moreton Bay Software, 316 Castillo Street, Santa Barbara,
CA 93101, $29.95 on tape)
—Ed Sehlhorst
AUDIO AND VIDEO
INTERFACE
Provides SWITCHED color or monochrome 75ohm, 1 volt p-p video from CoCo.
If you wish to use a high resolution monitor this interface is a must.
Separate enhancements are provided for color and monchrome outputs.
This is not a simple emitter-follower add-on.
'UNIT DOES NOT REQUIRE SOLDERING
'INTERFACE IS ASSEMBLED AND TESTED
MOOmw AUDIO @ 8 ohms
*TWO YEAR WARRANTY
Price $49.95 (Includes Shipping) FREELAND ENG. 7503 N. Kerby, Portland, OR 97217
134 the RAINBOW April, 1983
TM
7 ETA
software;
>
SINCE 1981
E3 R: t=l M l> M t£ W Ci R if'"1 E Fl !-••» C> O Hi L "t
R: o !• •• i
! la T
WORMHOLE™
by John Bobst
An original a/ /-machine-language game
for the TRS80 Color Computer:
"1 to 4 players (taking turns,
"in-progress" savable)
*6 distinct sound effects
(7 if counting "foosh")
*1 joystick and 16K either
BASIC required (average?)
*8 colors on a black screen
(Semigraphics 1 2}
*1 "pause" key, 1 exit key, and
1 reset key (handy)
"255,999,999 points possible
(not @#%&! likely)
*9 speeds/skill-levels
(changeable during play)
*4 copies on 1 cassette
(disk savable/loadable)
*1 source only
(at a "factory direct price")
A great description for $29.95, but WORMHOLE is a
great game for only
ZETA SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 3522
($20.45) to: Greenville, S C. 29608
$17.95 + 2.50 S&H
FREE catalog with order or write or call. No COD's, PO's or
charge cards, please. TRS80 tmTANDY Corp. WORMHOLE©™
ZETA Computer — Phone: (803) 246-1741 — 1 -9 p.m. EST.
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
Gnlbi. II
H EI W
iRi lOifHl 1 F :, ,j ii OC& F :r
R iR: O G» iR IR ir v ii * 31 a S£ ii
..ii.. mi— « ii Irsi
ii ii EE iR iP l O™ iR !l>
V
iE : : 1" F : n Ml O T ii- ii IS. IF'^
O O Hi V iE IK" ■'"]!"" E IR " ■
Zeta Software
P.O. BOX 3522
GREENVILLE SC 29608-3522
Software Review
Bar Zapper: Well-Documented
Tool For Color Computer
Screen Print using the Bar Zapper
and Custom Software
Screen Print Program
Radio Shack w/LP-100 Printer
100,00 -
80.00 ■
*
60 ,0 0 -
$ 40,00 *
£0,00
0.00
FEE MAR APR MAY
MONTHS IN 81. 82
JUM
If a picture is worth a thousand words, what is a high
resolution bar graph worth?
Plenty! To anyone who works with numbers, forecasts,
computations and statistics.
There is nothing like a graph to convert a series of com-
parative figures into an instantly understandable visual
presentation.
Bar Zapper is the second graph preparation program
from Southern Software Systems, following their original
Graph Zapper program. While Graph Zapper creates line
graphs, Bar Zapper makes bar graphs (logical enough).
For those unfamiliar with bar graphs, they are the type of
graphs which represent and compare statistics in the form of
columns or towers rising or falling (for negative values) from
a base line.
Bar graphs allow instant comparisons of values. A taller
column represents a value greater than a shorter column.
Easy...
With Bar Zapper, the Color Computer produces high
quality bar graphs using data entered by answering a series
of inquiries generated by the program.
Bar Zapper allows you to:
• Add bars to the graph
• Change bars on a graph
• Insert bars in an existing graph
• Delete bars from an existing graph
• List the data which the CoCo will use to generate the graph
and allow changes
• Save and load the data and completed graphs to or from
disk or tape.
The user defines the minimum and maximum values for
the bars, the number of bars and sub-bars (more about that
later) and if there will be lines crossing the graph or not.
Using these variables, a custom graph is created. Each axis
of the graph is labeled and each bar can be titled. A unique
staircase label option allows longer bar titles by slanting the
titles downward so they won't run into each other. In addi-
tion, the entire graph can be labeled with a reversed title
banner across the top of the screen.
While the above may seem complex, the program is
extremely easy to use and is supported by a concise 23-page
manual which answers most possible questions, including
what to do if the program aborts.
The main event is when you zap (print) the graph on the
screen. The title appears, followed by the bars, followed by
the titles. Beautiful!
The graphs are displayed using PMODE4 for the highest
resolution. So you are limited to a choice of two color
combinations, either green and black, or buff and black.
Instead of using different colors to differentiate between the
bars you have a choice of five different types of bars. While
different colors would be more desirable, the various designs
are very unique with little chance of confusing the bars.
After the graph is zapped, it can be changed or stored for
future reference.
In Bar Zapper each bar represents a whole value. Com-
parisons are made between two or more values by using the
sub-bar option where a group of bars are presented con-
nected to each other. In the example, the graph shows six
bars, each consisting of a bar and one sub-bar. The maxi-
mum number of bars for Bar Zapper is 24, with up to five
sub-bars for the 32K version and three sub-bars for the 16K.
The 32K zapper contains many nice extras which are omit-
ted from the 16K zapper because of lack of memory.
After your graph is zapped on the screen, now what?
Graph Zapper allows the printing of your graph using a
screen print program and a printer with graphics capabili-
ties. A set of modifications are included in the Bar Zapper
instructions to automatically make hard copies using the
screen print program from Custom Software Engineering. If
you have a 32K CoCo, this modification allows you to make
screen prints with the push of a button.
When Bar Zapper was printed using the Radio Shack
Screen Print Program (now discontinued), the print
included a black line across the bottom of the graph which
wasn't on the graph. Using Custom Software's program,
there was no such problem. The two programs were
designed to merge together and I would highly recommend
doing so to get full use from Bar Zapper.
In summary, Bar Zapper is a well-prepared and docu-
mented tool for the Color Computer. (Custom Software
Engineering has the recommended Screen Print Program.
They're at 807 Minuteman Causeway, Cocoa Beach, FL
32931.)
(Southern Software Systems, 485 Tropical Trail, Suite 109,
Merritt Island, FL 32952, 16K tape version, $15.95; 32K
version for tape or disk, $19.95.)
—Bruce Rothermel
136 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Q.
o
o
COLORP€D€
This truly outstanding engineer designed,
100% machine language game with multi-
colored high resolution characters and
fast action will challenge the most avid
arcade buff. Can be played by 1 or 2
players controlled with joy sticks or key
board. Joy stick control is fast, smooth
and accurate. As COLORPEDE slithers
through the toad stools, you attempt to
destroy the COLORPEDE, knock out the
menacing Bouncing Bug and eliminate
toad stools while accumulating higher
and higher scores. Demonstration mode
with top 5 scores. Pause feature. For
16K Color Computer and TDP-100.
Cassette - $29.95
Disk -$34.95
o
/
intracolor
COMMUNICATIONS
Actual Photo
WHAT THEY ARE SAYING ABOUT COLORPEDE
"... forefront of the pack ..." the Rainbow, Dec. '82
"... the best graphics and playability of any color
computer game . . ." McKeesport, PA
"It is great!" Dayton, OH
" ... an outstanding offering." N. Vernon, IN
"... the best graphics I have seen to date." Erie, PA
SETTING THE STANDARDS
Actual Photo
TO ORDER: VISA, MASTERCARD, Money Order. Please
allow 2 weeks for checks. Add $1.50 for
shipping, $3.00 outside U.S. 4% tax in Mich.
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED.
Ultra fast arcade action with colorful
high resolution graphics. You are the
super human who must fight off the
attacking robots and save the remaining
humans from destruction. You have
super powers, can shoot in any direction
and move anywhere on the screen to
accomplish your vital mission.
Engineer designed, 100% machine
language. Can be played by 1 or 2 players
with joy stick control. Top 5 scores
displayed. Pause feature. For 16K Color
Computer and TDP-100 with joy sticks.
Cassette - $24.95
Disk -$27.95
-y
intracolor
' COMMUNICATIONS
P.O. Box 1035, East Lansing, M! 48823
(517) 351-8537
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER & TDP-100
Software Review
Super "Color" Disk Zap
Adds The Missing Capabilities
The Radio Shack Disk Operating System has many capa-
bilities. With it, you can load and save files and data. You
can list the files on disk, copy and rename files, and backup
your disks. At first glance, it would seem that it can satisfy
all of your needs. But what if the system decides to clobber
the directory? Or, what if you decide that you want to
inspect or modify a portion of the disk, or a file on the disk?
All of a sudden, the system seems to havefewer capabilities.
Super Color Disk Zap is a machine language disk utility
program that has many useful features. With it, you can
inspect or modify your disks in any manner desired. You can
also display the directory, and print any portion of the disk.
It also supports the transmitting of files to another computer
using the RS-232 port. In addition, it has a verify function
that will find the bad spots on a disk, a copy function to copy
sectors to any drive and sector, a locate function to find any
ASCII or hexadecimal string, and a kill function to delete
any file. It supports up to four drives and even supports
drives with more than 35 tracks.
Using Super Color Disk Zap is easy. After you load the
program, it auto-executes and displays a title screen while
the rest of the program is being loaded. After the program is
loaded, the master menu is displayed with a choice of 12
commands. If I were to completely describe every com-
mand, and the variations thereof, you would have to spend
the next half-hour or so reading this review. The purpose of
a review, I feel, is to provide an overview of the product's
functions and operating features, and to help you decide if
you should purchase it or not. With that in mind, let's see
what Super Color Disk Zap can do.
The DIRECTORY command, as you might guess, dis-
plays the disk directory on your screen. The display is for-
matted into two columns and includes the number of free
granules. If you have a lot of files on your disk, the display
will pause when the screen is filled. Pressing any key will
display the next page or return you to the menu if it is the last
page. When the program reads the directory, it also checks
the file allocation table for errors. If it finds one, the file
name is flagged to warn you of the error.
The VERIFY command is probably the best of all. When
it is invoked, it searches the entire disk for errors. If one is
found, it will pause and display the track and the sector in
error so that you can attempt to fix it. While reviewing this
program, I recalled having a disk that I could not backup.
All I knew was that the backup command gave me an I/O
error, and I could not load one of my files. This seemed like a
good test of the VERIFY command, so naturally I tried it.
When I did, I was not only informed as to where the error
was, but I was also told what type of error it was. A quick
glance at the documentation explained exactly how this type
of error might be fixed. Following the instructions I pro-
ceeded to "fix" the disk. After that I did another VERIFY of
the disk and, sure enough, there were no errors. Although I
had no reason to doubt what the program was telling me
about my disk, I exited the program and proceeded to load
the file that was previously bad. Not only was I able to load
the file and backup the disk, but the file was completely
intact and did not require any additional changes to be
made. If you have ever lost an important file or disk due to
some unknown error, the feature alone is worth the entire
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138 the RAINBOW April, 1983
price of the program.
The FILE ZAP command allows you to display and/ or
modify any file on the disk. When invoked, a sub-menu is
displayed. The commands available from this menu include
finding the first or last granule, as well as reading or writing
a sector. Browsing through the file is done with the arrow
keys. You can go forward or backward by sector or granule,
with the printfunction beingavailableat all times. When the
MODIFY sub-command is invoked, the screen display is
broken into two halves. The top of the screen displays the
data in ASCII and the bottom of the screen displays it in
hexadecimal. When modifying data, you can do it in either
ASCII or hexadecimal. The very bottom of the screen
always displays the track and sector numbers that you are
working with. This command is very handy when working
with files, since the program will automatically find them for
you.
The DISK ZAP command is very similar to the FILE
ZAP command. It, too, presents you with a sub-menu. The
difference here is that you are working with the disk as a
whole, and not on a particular file. This menu also contains
the LOCATE function which allows you to find all the
occurrences of an ASCII or hexadecimal string on the disk.
You might be wondering why the DISK ZAP command is
included in the program. Afterall, the sub-commands avail-
able are essentially the same as those of the FILE ZAP
command. After pondering this for a while, I realized that
this would be the only way to get at the directory or the file
allocation table, since they cannot be accessed by file name.
The READ and WRITE SECTOR commands are pretty
self-explanatory. You can read any sector on any drive, and
then write it out to any sector on any drive. The interesting
thing about these commands is that you can read and write
more than one sector at a time. With 32K, you can read or
write up to 92 sectors at a time.
Although you could have a lot of fun zipping (or should I
say zapping) through your disks, Super Color Disk Zaps'
strength lies in fixing disk problems. The VERIFY com-
mand will find the error, but what if the error is in the
directory or the file allocation table or smack in the middle
of your basic program. How would you go about fixing it?
Here is where the documentation (52 pages worth) comes
into play. Needless to say, it fully describes all of the com-
mands and how to use them. The section of the documenta-
tion which discusses "Zapping Techniques"goes a long way
to help you in fixing your disk problems. This section alone
is 19 pages and covers such things as the disk structure,
dealing with the various types of errors, reallocating a gra-
nule, fixing a tokenized basic program, rebuilding files and
tracks, and recovering KILLed files. I found this section of
the documentation to be very informative, and even learned
a few things about the disk system. The program comes on a
protected disk which you cannot copy or backup. Normally
this would be a problem, but since you also cannot write on
the disk, the chances of wiping it out are slim at best.
By now you might be asking yourself "What can't Super
Color Disk Zap do?" Well, so far I have been unable to get it
to shovel my driveway after the blizzard we just had here,
and it also would not print the disk directory on my printer.
Super Color Disk Zap is an excellent, well written, and well
documented disk utility. If you are at all serious about your
disk system, this program is a must. Mr. Tim Nelson, the
author, is to be congratulated on a job well done.
(Nelson Software Systems, 9072 Lyndale Ave., So., Min-
neapolis, MN 55420, $49.95 disk)
— Gerry Schechter
* CANADIANS *
~ F & T SOFTWARE HEw=
LOWEST PRICES IN CANADA — PROMPT DELIVERY — C.O.D. ACCEPTED — NOUS PARLONS FRANQAIS
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RAIL RUNNER 26.50
COLOR INVADERS 23.50
STARSHIP CHAMELEON 29.50
MAZERACE 23.50
DOODLE BUG 29.50
EL DIABLERO 23.50
STARSHIP CHAMELEON 29.50
COLOR PAC ATTACK 29.50
GAMES BY MARK DATA
CAVE HUNTER 29.50
BERSERK (EX HAYWIRE) 29.50
SPACE RAIDERS 29.50
ASTRO BLAST 29.50
BLACK SANCTUM 23.50
CALIXTO ISLAND 23.50
GAMES BY SPECTRAL
CC THELLO 18.00
GAME PAC III 18.00
PIRATES AHOY 12.00
DESERT GOLF 12.00
DEFENSE 26.00
PLANET INVASION 26.00
YAHTCC 12.00
GALAX ATTAX 26.00
KEYS OF THE WIZARD 23.95
SPACE WARS 26.00
SPACE INVADERS 26.00
GHOST GOBBLER 26.00
ROBOT BATTLE 26.00
TRILOGY 71.00
COSMIC SUPER BOWL 18.00
CROID 18.00
GRAPHIC ANIMATOR 12.00
GAME OF LIFE 18.00
COLOROUT 15.00
SPACE TRADERS 18.00
LASER COMMAND 14.00
SUB HUNT 18.00
ALCATRAZ II 1 5.00
LOTHAR'S LABYRINTH 12.00
BATTLEFLEET 18.00
GAME PAC I 18.00
GAME PAC II 12.00
UTILITIES
COLOR DIAGNOSTICS 21.50
COLOR MONITOR 29.50
COLOR ASSEMBLER 36.00
COLOR EDITOR 36.00
DISSASSEMBLER 18.00
BUGOUT (MONITOR) 24.00
MAGIC BOX 30.00
SOUNDSOURCE W/CABLE 30.00
SOUNDSOURCE 24.50
COMPUVOICE 54.00
BOOKS
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April, 1983 the RAINBOW 139
Software Review . . .
Robots Maneuver
Humans Into Programming
My sons, Peter and Andrew, are 13 and 1 1 respectively.
At this stage in our family's involvement in computing, the
main intrigue for them is, of course, the arcade-style games
they can play. I'd love to have them learn something about
programming — after all, one of the reasons this creature
with all its paraphernalia occupies one side of the living
room is that they need "basic computer literacy" in order to
grow into the world they will eventually inherit.
What does this have to do with Robot Battle, a new piece
of cartridge software from Radio Shack? Well, Robot Battle
popped into my life at just the right time to serve a particular
need. I was looking for a language or operating system for
my 32K Extended 80-C that would be easy and intriguing
for the kids, and teach them some principles of program-
ming. Quite frankly, I ended-up ruling out Color Logo, an
otherwise reasonable choice for a couple of reasons: first,
being able to draw on the screen with Turtle Graphics is not
a motivating factor, if you have several other graphic pro-
grams in the house that take less effort. We have Art Gallery
and Microprinter (Radio Shack), Semi-Draw (Computer-
ware), and the XPAD. Oh yes, and Chromasette Magazine
with DRA WER. See what I mean? The second reason I
didn't choose Logo as a learning language for the kids is that
the drawing-on-the-screen motivation is also a little bit
above their age level. (It's not above mine, but that's another
story.) Game playing is what they're "into."
Now we get to Robot Battle (Subtitled "Adventures in
Programming"). The program presents two tank-like robots
(one red with a blue gun, the other blue with a red gun) on a
black field. At the bottom of the screen are a blue and red
line indicating available energy for each robot. The user's
objective is to write a program for his/ her robot that will
help it win against the other robot. Both robots need pro-
grams, so the game works best if it's played with two players.
But, there are demonstration programs for both robots,
either of which could be retained to do battle against. You
could also use the same program for both robots — at least
that way they would be evenly matched.
There is a full-screen editor for entering/ editing your
programs. It's a little hard to adjust to having the arrow keys
move the text up and down rather than moving a cursor, but
that's the only drawback to the editor. After creating a
program, you return to the beginning menu, from which you
have these options: NEW, EDIT, SAVE, LOAD, COM-
PILE and BATTLE. For each option, there is a correspond-
ing command for either left or right — except BATTLE,
which obviously involves both robots.
The "language" you need to master in order to write your
robots' programs is remarkably Logo-like. In fact, Robot
Battle might be suitable as a stepping-stone into deeper
waters such as Game-Writer or Logo. The language of
Robot Battle is also very easy to learn. Testimonial from my
1 1 -year-old: "This is easy to program!"
There are directional movement commands (F,B,R,L,H)
for forward, back, right, left, and /7tf//;"T"for turn a certain
number of 45-degree units and "D" for facing a particular
direction; "M" and "L" for your two weapons, missies and
lasers, with "X" for execute one of them; "= for "if true and
"#" for if not true; a random function, "?," to have some
portion of a program occur only every once in a while; and
searching abilities with "S" for anything at all in any direc-
tion or "=M , " ifmissle\ "=R , " if robot "=R , " if robot- "= W, "
if wall for the particular direction the robot is facing. "#M,"
"#R" and "#W" mean if no missle, if no robot and if no wall.
At the simplest level, programs can be entered one line at a
time (no line numbers are used). Multiple commands on a
line are separated with a colon. The program will automati-
cally cycle back to the beginning when executing. There is,
however, a more sophisticated approach available: the use
of labeled subroutines. You can use any word you want as a
label, as long as it doesn't exceed six characters. The defini-
tion of a procedure follows this syntax: LABEL, "greater-
than" symbol, space, then a string of commands. Once you
have created a few subroutines, they can be called with C
(like GOSUB in BASIC) or jumped-to with G (similar to
GOTO.
One really fantastic aspect of Robot Battle is that the
language is fully recursive and re-entrant. "What's that?"
you ask. It means that you can get into some pretty sophisti-
cated programming structures by having a procedure call
itself! The sample programs included here (for robots
named Fred and Irving) don't make use of this, but recursiv-
ity helps in creating extremely intelligent programs.
*FRED
rob> =r: xl:cmis:crand:grob
WAL> =W: T5: F4: CROB: GWAL
RAND> =?:T2:F8
look> =s:ti:crob:cwal:glook
mis> =?:xm:cdlay
DLAY> B2:F3
start > crob:cwal:F8:=?:ti
CLOOK
=?:T~2
GSTART
K-2 READING PHONICS
OLD MCDONALD'S
FARM VOWELS
A game like drill program to present long and
shortvowels with words, pictures and spoken
messages. Teacher generated for home and
school Five challenging levels with scoring,
rewards and reinforcement.
For COCO Color Computers with 16K Ext.
Color BASIC & cass. OMF $14.95 + 2.00 ship-
ping VISA & M C
RAINBOW
riirtnriT^
11 IL
TEKSYM CORPORATION
14504 County Road 15
Minneapolis, MN 55441
140 the RAINBOW April, 1983
A WORD FROM THE SPONSOR
Welcome to the fourth of my monthly chats with readers.
Judging from my mail, this is proving to be a popular feature of
our Star-Kits ads.
How often have you wished that you could see a program
work before you bought it? We have come up with a way for you
to do just that ... if you have a video cassette recorder.
To show you what our programs do, we have prepared a
demonstration tape which puts each of our programs through
its paces so you can see exactly what it does and how. We're
not professional movie producers so it's not quite up to
Hollywood standards, but it does provide a complete and
thorough demo of each of our programs, better than you might
get in a computer store.
The tape is available in either VHS or Beta format and costs
$20. If you return it, you get full credit toward any purchase. If
you decide not to buy our software (not too likely once you see
it work), then just erase the tape and reuse it.
Another way to evaluate products is through magazine
reviews. Here isa listing of recent reviewsof Star-Kits products:
HUMBUG Color Computer News in February 1983,
Rainbow in May 1982, and 68 Micro Journal in June 1982.
STAR-DOS Rainbow in February 1983, and 68 Micro
Journal in January 1983. SPELL'N FIX — Rainbow in July 1982,
80 Micro in November 1982, and 68 Micro Journal in July 1982.
NEWTALK - - Rainbow in June 1982. You will also find reviews
in MICRO Magazine, InfoWorld, and elsewhere.
Here's a note to HUMBUG owners. If you are using
HUMBUG with a disk system, then single-stepping or
breakpointing a program may occasionally prevent Basic from
turning off the disk motor. To avoid the problem, change the
five bytes beginning at location 3B1A from 10 EF 8D 03 CB to
A6 E4 IF 8A 12. HUMBUGs shipped after February 1, 1983
already have this change made.
One of ourcustomers bitterly complained theother day - - in
fact, accused us of fraud - - for shipping him Spell 'N Fix on a
copy-protected disk, but not mentioning it in our ads. After
taking umbrage at his letter, 1 decided to devote part of this
column to the subject.
We all know that "lending" programs among friends is
common. It's difficult to say "No" to a good friend. The problem
is that some people can't even say "No" to strangers. I've
recently come across a salesman in a computer store who is
giving away commercial programs to total strangers just so he
can sell more computers. 1 have also seen a computer club send
out a list of "free" software by mail just so they can sign up a few
more members.
Consequently, most software houses now copy protect their
disks or tapes. We do it with Spell 'N Fix, and so do most of the
other major software houses that advertise in this magazine.
Frankly, it costs us time and money to do it, and we don't enjoy
it. Yet we have to. People who would never steal a $70 watch
don't hesitate to steal a $70 program. Believe me, from the
victim's point of view they both hurt equally much.
Maybe we all need a little more practice saying "No!"
After all, if God had meant to endorse this kind of thing, He
would have given us the Ten Suggestions.
See you next month.
SPELL N FIX
Regardless of whose text processor you use, let SPELL 'N FIX find
and fix your spelling and typing mistakes. It reads text faster than
you can, and spots and corrects errors even experienced
proofreaders miss. It is compatible with all Color Computer text
processors, including Telewriter and Radio Shack's Scripsit! {See
the review in 80 Micro, November 1982.) $69.29 in the Radio Shack
disk or cassette versions; $89.29 in the Flex version. (20,000 word
dictionary is standard; optional 75,000 word Super Dictionary costs
$50 additional.)
HUMBUG - THE SUPER MONITOR
A complete monitor and debugging system which lets you input
programs and data into memory, list memory contents, insert
multiple breakpoints, single-step, test, checksum, and compare
memory contents, find data in memory, start and stop programs,
upload and download, save to tape, connect the Color Computer to
a terminal, printer, or remote computer, and more. HUMBUG on
disk or cassette costs just $39.95.
STAR-DOS
A Disk Operating System specially designed for the Color
Computer, STAR-DOS is fully compatible with your present Color
Computer disk format — it reads disks written by Extended Disk
Basic and vice versa. But with STAR-DOS you can use machine
and assembly language programs to do things Basic can't. Just
$49.95.
ALL IN ONE - Editor Etc.
Three programs in one — a full function Editorfor text or program
files; a Text Processor for formatting and printing text files with
centering, justification, and paging, and a Mailing List and Mailing
Label program which can even generate individually adressed
letters for each person (or selected persons) on your mailing list. All
this for just $50. Requires STAR-DOS and 32K.
DBLS for Data Bases
DBLS stands for Data Base Lookup System. A super fast system
for searching for a selected record in a sequential disk file. Supplied
with SPELL 'N FIX's 20,000 word dictionary as a sample data file —
lets you look up the spelling of any word in under FOUR seconds.
Priced at $29.95. Requires STAR-DOS.
CHECK N TAX
Home accounting package combines checkbook maintenance and
income tax data collection. Written in Basic for either RS Disk or
Flex, $50.
REMOTERM
REMOTERM — allows full operation of the Color Computer from
an external terminal. $19.95.
NEWTALK
NEWTALK a memory examine utility for machine language
programmers which reads out memory contents through the TV
set speaker. $20.
SHRINK
SHRINK our version of Eliza, in machine language and
extremely fast. $15.
oxxo
OXXO our version of Othello, also machine language and fast.
$15.
We accept cash, check, COD, Visa, or Master Card. NY State
residents please add appropriate sales tax.
Star-Kits
P.O. BOX 209 — R
MT. K1SCO, N.Y. 10549
(914) 241-0287
**PEEKS AND POKFS **
Hello again. This month we'll have
some more on peeks and pokes, but first
the commercial. By the time this ad hits,
ZAXXON will be available for the CoCo, and
PCLEAR 80 will have it. Call or write for
details.
One excellent use of PEEK is to find
the addresses of machine language
programs . PRINT PEEK (157 ) *256+PEEK (158 )
to get the start location; PRINT
PEEK (487) *256+PEEK (488) to get the begin-
ning; and PRINT PEEK (126) *256+PEEK (127)
for the ending.
To save wear and tear on your on-off
switch, type POKE 113,0 and press the res-
et button. This will give you a cold-
start.
We went to this type of ad this month
because we thought that you, like us, get
tired of seeing endless lists of software.
And, frankly, we're too small to compete
with the folks taking out full-page ads
and offering glossy catalogs . But we can
offer you one thing — total dedication to
the Color Computer and CoCo owner.
And we do have a fine list of CoCo
products to choose from, including DONKEY
KING, TELEWRITER, PLATINUM WORKS AVER, and
the only under $200.00 HARDWARE speech
synthesizer available anywhere. We also
stock many back-issues of RAINBOv.
So order from our Feb. ad or send
$.50 for our full catalog (refundable with
order). And look for our ad next month for
some more PEEKS and POKES.
Special thanks to the International
Color Computer Club who provided much of
the info on PEEKS & POKES.
3EE PCLEAR 80 SOFTWARE •
494 Cline Avenue
Mansfield, OH 44907
(419) 756-4873 ^
Note: We also carry the RAINBOW ESSS?
out.
Add $2 shipping on orders less than $50. Please add
$2 for COD. Ohio residents add 5% state sales tax
* IRVING
rob> =R: xl:cmis:crand:grob
wal> =w:t -5:F8:crob:gwal
RAND> =?:T-2:F6
LOOK > =S: T-l : CROB : CWAL : GLOOK
MIS> =?:XM:CDLAY
DLAY> Bl:Fl:Bl:Fl
START > CROB : CWAL : F8=? : T-2
CLOOK
=?:T2
GSTART
The main loop of the program begins at START. Here's a
translation of Fred's main program loop: Call ROB, call
W AL, forward 8, once-in-a-while turn 45 degrees right, call
LOOK, once-in-a-while turn 90 degrees left, then return to
START. All the searching and firing of missies and lasers is
embedded in the sub-routines.
When you've edited a program and are ready to see it
operate, you must have the computer compile it. Compiling
is almost instantaneous. When you call BATTLE, your
robots will be ready to go at the touch of a number key.
Which key you touch will determine the speed of execution
of your programs. A number 1 is the fastest available speed,
while #9 is an absolute snail's pace. You can also single step
through the routines by using the 0 key.
Considering that the programs are compiled, I'm sur-
prised at the relative slowness of movement, even at the
"fastest" speed. It takes quite a while for a robot to use up his
available energy (taking hits, firing weapons, bumping into
things, etc., all use varying amounts of energy), leaving the
other robot victorious. Two major things I'd wish for in this
program: faster speed and an option to design your own
robots.
The ultimate test is if the program is doing what I thought
it would do when I bought it. Does it really teach program-
ming methods and structures? I think so, but only time will
tell. Does it intrigue enough to draw the kids to it? Well, in
competition with Donkey Kong and Defender and Centi-
pede, it doesn't stand too much chance, but the 1 1 -year-old
is a little more intrigued by the idea of learning program-
ming than the 13-year-old video-game wizard is, and he has
spent a couple of self-motivated sessions on it.
(Radio Shack, Nationwide, cat. #26-3070, $39.95)
— Paul S. Hoffman
Hint . . .
Painting Must Be Accurate
When you issue a PAINT command, be sure that you set
the point at which the PAINTing is to begin within the area
that is to be PAlNTed. If you set the position on a line which
encloses the area, the PAINT will not work.
Also, when using PAINT, be sure that your area is fully
enclosed, or the PAINT will "leak" out and cover the entire
screen.
142 the RAINBOW April, 1983
—
INTERNATIONAL
COLOR COMPUTER CLUB
Main Office
2101 E. Main St., Henderson, Texas 75652
Canadian Branch
% Carleton Dr. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H-3N6
WORLD'S LARGEST COLOR COMPUTER CLUB
4). CLUB LIBRARY.
5). DISCOUNTS.
HERE ARE SOME GOOD REASONS FOR JOINING
1) . FREE PROGRAMS. Good programs written by our members are contained in the library,
in the newsletter, and on the new member tape.
2) . NEWSLETTER. A "magazine" sized newsletter (last issue 80 pages), with programs, tips
data, reviews, articles and much more.
3) . NEWSLETTER Tape A tape of all the programs appearing in the newsletter is available from
the library for $2.00 (to members)
The club maintains a library of programs, books and Radio Shack ROM-
packs. The programs are member written and are yours to keep, there is
a small fee to cover postage and tape ($2.). The books and ROMpacks
may be checked out for 3 weeks at a time, (extencions possible)
get large discounts on many software and hardware items for CoCo
from some of the MAJOR companies. Also discounts on subscriptions
to the RAINBOW, CCN and Chromasette magazines.
6). ADVERTISE FREE Members may place ads of up to % page per issue in the newsletter
FREE. (The ad must be computer related)
Don't wait weeks for the parts to come in from Radio Shack! Just
check them out of the Clubs Parts library and return when yours arrive.
You receive a "New member" package containing many useful items.
This is the worlds largest Color Computer Club. With members in almost
every field of expertise. So if you have a problem with the Color
Computer, we can almost always get you the answer. Put your problem
on the Clubs Bulletin Board, write, or call.
As a new member, you will receive a list of the members in your area
whom you may contact for CoCo talk.
7) . BORROW PARTS.
8) . SURPRISE.
9) . GET HELP.
10). FIND FRIENDS
HOWTO BECOME A MEMBER:
Write to the club for an application, there are no conditions for membership other than
agreeing to obey the rules, being interested and paying the dues. The membership dues are
$30.00 per year and we believe you get more than your moneys worth. You can save more
than the $30.00 in discounts the club offers you. Example: Subscription to the RAINBOW,
25% off of regular subscription rates. Some members have told me that the new member
tape alone is worth the $ 30. it contains 10, very good programs. Some of the programs
contained in the library are, Accounts Receiveable, General ledger, Inventory, Sal es file and
ticket program with automatic Inventory update (for 32 K with 2 disc.) visa
NfeuterCard |
Software Review , , .
Shark Treasure: Unique,
Challenging Graphics Game
Not too long ago, obtaining software for your CoCo was
easy. You either bought what little there was available, or
you wrote your own. These days, you not only have your
choice of programs, but you very often will have to decide
which version of a program to buy. In fact, some new
programs today are just another version of an existing pro-
gram. This is not a bad situation, because competition is
good, but it does make the job of deciding which programs
to buy a little more complicated. Every now and then, a
program comes along that does not resemble an existing
one.
Shark Treasure is just such a program, and although the
main theme is tostayalive, this is whereany similarities end.
The scenario is as follows. You have just found a long lost
galleon, which was sunk hundreds of years ago. Its cargo
includes millions of dollars worth of gold and jewels. All you
have to do, is to send your divers to the ocean floor in order
to recover the fortune. The only problem is that the waters
are infested with huge man-eating sharks. Your divers have
flash grenades for protection, which will temporarily scare
the sharks away. However, they can only carry three gre-
nades and/ or treasures at the same time. This is where
strategy comes into play, because if you have three treasures
with you, you will have no protection on your way back
from the ocean floor.
When the game starts, there are two sharks in the waters,
and there are five treasures on the ocean floor. At first, I
thought that the game would be a cinch. The two sharks
were moving nice and slowly, and it appeared that I could
easily get by them. Boy, was I ever wrong! As soon as you get
near a shark, it quickly lunges towards you, and you have
lost your first diver. This threw my timing off right from the
start. Setting off one of the flash grenades does scare the
sharks away for a while but here, too, the timing must be
right. Each time yo'u recover the five treasures from the
ocean floor, another shark appears, up to a maximum of six.
Dealing with two to four sharks is easy, once you get your
timing right. Getting past five sharks is really tough, and
getting past six of them requires precise timingand strategy.
Once you get past the six sharks, they change their swim-
ming patterns and speed. This throws your timing off again,
and makes the game a real challenge.
Shark Treasure is a fun game that will give you a break
from blasting 'invaders' and the like. If you are looking for a
game that is unlike any other, it will make a good addition to
your library.
(Computerware, P.O. Box 668, Encinitas, C A 92024, $21 .95
tape, $26.95 disk)
—Gerry Schechter
ENTER THE FASCINATING WORLD OF
'31
GAME WRITER
TM
A SIMPLE TO USE PROGRAM FOR YOUR COLOR COMPUTER
For writing super-action video games with
motion and sound
For creating high resolution animated
graphics scenes
For experimenting with color, shapes,
motion and sound
For amateur or professional cartooning or
commercial game authoring
For the absolute beginner and for the
expert programmer
GAME WRITER is a programming language with all the
features you need to write great VIDEO GAMES. It includes a
built-in screen oriented text editor, high resolution color
graphics support, any number of player-shapes (SPRITES), a
shape pattern editor, full TURTLE GRAPHICS, sound effects,
support for joy sticks and much, much more. Each player-
shape can be given a program to run which tells it what to do.
All the player programs run simultaneously to create fan-
tastic game effects. GAME WRITER IS GUARANTEED EASY
TO USE. Even if you have never written a program of any kind
you will amazeyour family, your friends and yourself with the
fantastic things you can do with it. The package includes a
GAME WRITER rom pak, a complete easy to read manual and
a set of sample programs ready to run. GAME WRITER is a
great programming language for a child or an adult. GAME
WRITER requires a minimum of 16K. Extended BASIC is not
required.
PRICE $129
Orders must be prepaid via check,
money order or major bank card. Phone
orders accepted for bank cards only—
COD orders not accepted. Quantity dis-
counts available. Orders outside U.S.
add $5 shipping. WA state residents
add 6.3% sales tax. Add 2 weeks for
delivery if paid by personal check.
WASHINGTON
COMPUTER SERVICES
3028 SILVERN LANE
BELLINGHAM, WA 98226
1 (206) 734-8248
144 the RAINBOW April, 1983
for your
COLOR
COMPUTER
Release the potential
of your Color Computer. . .
Use up to 5 compatible Color Computer cartridges at the same
time with the BT-1000 Expansion Interface Unit.
• The BT-1000 is limitless combinations. Plug in your disk
controller, memory boards, Real Time Clock/Calendar,
printer interface, experimental boards — all at one time.
• The BT-1000 is adaptable. Up to five functional peripheral
cartridges, in your choice of combinations, will run with
any configuration, any size memory of the Color Computer.
• The BT-1000 is flexible. Four 24-pin sockets hold up to
8K static RAM or EPROM (can be supplied with an
extra 8K RAM).
• The BT-1000 is safe. It will not overload, overheat or
damage your Color Computer in any way.
1. Has own built-in power supply.
2. Effectively isolated by a buffered cable.
That's not all Basic Technology has to offer. . .
Record date and time on all programs, files, letters, with the
accurate, programmable BT-1020 Real Time Clock/Calendar.
• Plugs into your BT-1000 or directly into the Color
Computer expansion slot.
• Adds day, date, month, year, hours, minutes, seconds
(12/24 hr.)
• Includes internal NiCad battery, crystal controlled to
0.001% accuracy (charges when your computer is on)
• Has 50 bytes of battery backed general purpose memory
All Basic Technology components
are first-line quality.
• gold board-edge connectors
• glass epoxy PC boards
• 180-day full parts and labor
warranty on all components
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
Your Basic Technology components arrive assembled, tested,
ready to plug in and turn on. A comprehensive User/Service
Manual is included with complete schematics, PC component
layouts, parts lists and hints on mapping your peripheral add-
ons anywhere in the CPU addressable memory. Write for free
brochure.
BT-1000 incl. cable $270
BT-1000 w/8K RAM $300
BT-1020 Clock/Calendar $109
Add $5.00 shipping & handling for BT-1000, $2.50 for BT-1020.
Michigan residents add 4% sales tax. Shipping & handling for
residents of Canada, Hawaii, Alaska is $10.00. Overseas
orders add 15%. Check, money order, VISA, MC (give account
no., expiration date, phone no.). Personal checks allow 2-3
weeks to clear. COD charge $2.00 (requires certified check or
money order).
"Watch for more peripherals from Basic Technology."
iasic
ECHNOLOGY
Dept. Q P.O. Box 511 Ortonville, Ml 48462
(313) 627-6146
TURN OF THE SCREW
How To Reduce That RFI On Your Monitor
By
Tony Distefano
First of all I would like to clear up a problem with the
"Finger Saving Rapid Fire Circuit." The potentiometer in
the Parts list has the wrong part number. It is not the
Rainbow's fault, it is mine. You see, when I first made this
circuit, it was indeed a 100k ohms pot, like the part number
stipulates. But I thought the firing speed was not variable
enough, so I changed the pot to 1 Mega ohms. If you have
already bought the 100k ohms pot, do not despair, it will still
work. The only difference is that the firing speed will not go
as slow as the I Mega ohms one will. Radio Shack does not
have a 1 Mega ohms pot in that package, so I cannot give
you another part number for it. Almost any other electronic
hobby shop should have it, though.
Okay, let's get on with this month's project. One of the
problems with some of the older Color Computers is that
when you plug in a disk drive, you get a lot of noise on the
screen. The type of noise I am talking about is not a buzz
from the speaker, but a type of wavey, herringbone pattern
that seems to swim across the screen at a regular rate. Yes,
that is "RFI." That stands for Radio Frequency Interfer-
ence. I talked a little about RFI in the January '83 issue of
Rainbow. It is very annoying to see this noise going back
and forth on the screen all the time. Fortunately, there are a
few things you can do to eliminate it.
One of the things you can do is this. Open the door and
look inside the cartridge port. On both sides of the connec-
tor there should be metal clips. If there aren't, your local
Radio Shack Repair Center can put them in for you. Appar-
ently they will do this at no charge. I guess you will have to
find this out for yourself. What this does is, when you have a
disk controller plugged in, the clips act as extra ground
connections. This prevents the controller from acting like an
antenna.
Another way to reduce the RFI in the Color Computer is
togetthealuminum shieldfrom Radio Shack (again!). This
shield fits under the keyboard. It snaps into the main board
between the plastic standoffs and the board. The rest goes
under the keyboard without any other connections. This
extends theground plain that is under the main board to the
keyboard, too. The third way, and the main topic of this
month's article, is to modify the TV that you are using with
the Color Computer.
Before you start digging into your TV set, I'll give you a
little background on how the signal gets from the Color
Computer to the tuner. It starts from the connector in the
back of the computer. It then goes down a shielded piece of
wire to the connector box supplied by RS. This is a switch
box which allows you to connect your antenna to it and
switch back and forth between regular TV signals and the
computer without disconnecting anything. TH IS BOX IS A
BIG SOURCE OF NOISE! Get rid of it immediately! RFI
can seep through that box like water through a screen door
on a submarine. It is best to get rid of the wire that RS
supplies too. You must make your own wire. This is not
hard. Buy the four-foot white coax cable from RS part
#15-1529. On one side, push on one of the F-56 connectors
(supplied with the kit). On the other side install a Shielded
Phono Plug, RS part #274-32 1 . That is the end that goes into
the computer. If your TV set has only the two screw type
terminals you will need a F-61 connector as well, RS part
#278-212, (more on that later).
So far, what you have done should reduce the RFI by
quite a bit, but if there is still RFI coming in you must
modify the insides of your TV. The next step requires that
you remove the back of your TV. Only experienced hackers
should take off the back of a TV. There are high voltages
present in there. If your TV is like mine and most TV sets,
the antenna connections are done via a small circuit that
isolates the ground of the TV to the antenna. This is done to
prevent electric shocks, because since there is no power
transformer, one side of the AC line is directly connected to
the internal ground. Touching the ground of the TV is like
touching one side of a plug. Nothing will happen until you
touch a ground point like the third pin of a three-prong plug
or a water pipe. The Color Computer is grounded with a
three-prong plug. If you try to connect them, watch out.
Then you will see all the sparks fly. This is why the manufac-
turer of the set put a high impedence circuit to isolate the line
from the antenna input. A small circuit is a lot less expensive
(and a lot lighter) than a power transformer. Unfortunately
this circuit is very sensitive to RFI. You have to remove this
circuit and connect the antenna terminals directly to the
tuner.
SUPERIOR ORACLE SOFTWARE
PRESENTS
THE C C QUBE
A MAGIC CUBE SIMULATION FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
FEATURING :
* Easy to use commands
* Fast uses machine language routines
* Random mixes
* Undo moves or random mixes
* See all 6 faces
* Save QUBE to tape for later reload
•Only $14.95
RAINBOW
■J.
Send Check or MO. to; Conn, residents add 7'i v .,ales tax
Shipping and handling included
SUPERIOR ORACLE SOFTWARE Personal checks require
po box 4505 2 weeks to clear
Greenwich, Conn. 06830 ^ Q rj 0 D s
Requires 16K Extended Basic
146 the RAINBOW April, 1983
CoCo's Very First Show!
0
CoCo has grown up and it's time for
CoCo's very first show. Sponsored by
the Rainbow, the premier magazine for
the TRS-80 Color, TDP System-100 and
Dragon -32 computers, RAINBOWfest
will be the place to be this Spring.
Exhibits will abound; Information will
flow. New products will be shown and
introduced. Many of the "names" in the
CoCo world will be in attendance. It all
boils down to three days of fun,
excitement and learning for everyone
lucky enough to own a CoCo (or those
who just wish they did)!
The place is the Regency-Hyatt
Woodfield, located on the western
outskirts of Greater Chicagoland, within
easy access to highways and O'Hare
International Airport.
The dates are April 22-24.
The times are 7-10 p.m, Friday; 9
a.m.— 8 p.m. Saturday; and 10 a.m. — 5
p.m. Sunday at the Grand Ballroom,
The cost is only $7.50 for a three-day
ticket in advance or $11 for a three-day
ticket at the door. One-day tickets are
$5. in advance or $7,50 at the door,
PLUS
A Saturday "let's make friends"
breakfast is also planned. Cost of $10
includes breakfast and a speaker —
someone well known in the world of
Color Computers.
Hooms are available at the Regency-
Hyatt Woodfield for a special
RAINBOWfest rate of $43 per night,
single or double occupancy.
Admission tickets, breakfast tickets
and reservation cards for the hotel can
be secured directly from the Rainbow.
Mail the form below to the Rainbow, P.O.
Box 209 r Prospect, KY 40059. Advance
sale tickets will be sent by return mail up
until Aprii 15. After that, they will be
available at the door.
Oh yes. ..for the "others" who (perish
the thought) don't get into CoCo like
you do, Woodfield Shopping Center
directly adjacent to RAINBOWfest is the
world's largest enclosed shopping mail
And, you are only a short drive from
downtown Chicago's museums,
theatres, aquarium and shops.
RAINBOWfest has it all? Don't miss
CoCo's very first show!
Seminars Saturday and Sunday
on all aspects of CoCo
BASIC classes for ail
Make checks payable to:
thelRainbow
MAIL TO:
RAINBOWfest
P.O. Box 209
Prospect, KY 40059
YES, I'm coming to CoCo's very first show! Please send me:
three-day tickets at $.
one-day tickets at $_
total,
total.
(specify day).
breakfast tickets at $10
total.
handling charge $1 .00
TOTAL ENCLOSED (U.S. FUNDS ONLY, PLEASE)$
- Also send me a reservation card for the Hyatt-Regency Woodfield.
NAME,
STREET & NUMBER
CITY & STATE.
TELEPHONE.
ZIP CODE.
COMPANY.
Advance Sale ends Thursday, April 21. Orders sent after April 15 will be refunds on tickets.
The first thing you must do before you take out the circuit
is to add in a transformer to isolate the line. The transformer
must be a line isolation transformer. Your local electronics-
store should have one. The power rating of the transformer
must match the power rating of your TV. It is usually written
on the back of the set, or in the operating manual. Now,
remove the back from the TV and mount the transformer
somewhere inside, with the proper mounting hardware. Cut
the AC cord that runs inside the set. If your set has a
removable cord, cut the wires from the internal side of the
connector. Re-route the AC side of the two wires to the
input of the transformer and route the output of the trans-
former back to the TV input. This will isolate the ground
from the Ac line. I cannot emphasize enough the need for
this transformer; if you don't put it in and you remove the
circuit, you stand the chance of burning out your TV and
your computer. Then you won't have to worry about RFI,
only fire. Enough of this, now it'stimeto removethecircuit.
Unsolder the circuit from the antenna terminals. If the
terminal is not the cable TV type, drill a hole and mount the
F-61 connector. The other side of the circuit is usually a
shielded wire that leads to the tuner. Cut the wire as close to
the circuit as possible. Strip off the insulater and solder the
inside wire to the tip of the F-61 connector. Solder the shiled
part to the outer part of the connector. This will connect the
antenna terminal directly to the tuner i nput. Before you plug
in the TV, a little check is in order. With an ohm meter, and
the TV on (but not plugged in) measure the resistance
between the AC cord and the antenna terminal. Test both
wires. If they read high impedenceyouare in business, if not,
then check the wiring again. There should be no shorts
between the AC cord and the antenna terminals. Replace the
cover and try it. There you are, a clean picture.
CAN YOU AFFORD $1 A WEEK?
The CCW Newsletter will give you this if you can:
• An issue loaded with program listings of all sorts
( for just a buck a week— unbelievable) !
• Latest news and information — if it happens on
Monday you'll know about it by Friday
( for a mere 100 cents a week) !
• Mailed out to you first class every week!
{A t last a reason to live from week to week) !
• Free software/hardware manufacturer's directory
( This alone is worth the price of the subscription, and
we even send regular updates to subscribers. ) !
A 1 1 it takes is ten thin dimes a week to bring meaning to your
life. Cumulatively we'll take payment in the following ways:
□ Charge my Visa or MasterCard at once for
the full amount ($52/year)
□ Charge my Visa or MasterCard quarterly
at the rate of $13 every three months
□ Here's my check for $14 for the first quarter, bill me
in three months for the next quarter {we have to charge
you extra to send out those bills)
□ Here's my check for $52 for the full year
hurry and send me my first issue
Name
Address
City
State
□ Visa □ MC
Tiny Signature _
Exp. Date
Zip
Send to: CCW • P.O. Box 1355 • Boston, MA 02205
Software Review . . .
Bridge Tutor I:
This Partner's No Dummy
Bridge Tutor /is one of the latest offerings from Radio
Shack in the ROM Pak department. As a former grand
master of the lunch players bridge society, I was very inter-
ested to see how I could do against a computer. Well, we'll
get to that later.
Bridge Tutor /comes with an 83-page instruction manual
which makes the package somewhat larger than the stand-
ard ROM Pak. The documentation is well written and in a
very well organized format. The manual is divided into four
sections. The first section tells you how to use the program.
The second part provides a comentary on each of the 100
pre-programmed hands. The third sections covers the fun-
damentals of bidding and playing for novices. The fourth
part is a summary of operations of keys. No problems were
encountered with the program, but it is complicated enough
that you must read the first section of the manual to become
familiar with the operation.
The program will run ona4K non-extended basiccompu-
ter. Joysticks are optional.
After inserting the ROM Pak and turning on the compu-
ter, you will see a logo of the hand you are playing. The
hands are numbered from 1 to 1 00 and arranged in order of
increasing difficulty. Each hand is supposed to offer a uni-
que offensive or defensive strategy. The arrow keys control
the majority of functions, or the joysticks if you desire.
After picking the hand of your choice ENTER will initiate
the dealing of the cards. I think this is a program in itself in
that the cards are dealt into four separate hands and the
player's hand is sorted for him according to suits and rank.
The bid is increased by "up-arrow" until the bid of your
choice is selected by ENTER. An incorrect bid will be noted
and not accepted.
The following keys have special functions: "A"-advice,
"F"-fast deal, "S"-score, "R "-review, and "J"-joystick.
Af terthe bidding is completed, you are given the choice of
which hand you wish to play. The game starts automatically
unless you are in the west position, in which case you have to
lead.
Play is continued by picking the card of your choice by
means of the "left-arrow/ right-arrow." Incorrect plays are
notedand you arealso congratulated f or"crucialplay." You
are scored at the end of each game for the percentage of
correct plays.
The only problem I had with the program is that it
wouldn't let you make a mistake. As in most everything I do,
I have my own way of playing bridge. It must be somewhat
unusual, as I had several occasions where I disagreed with
the Bridge Tutor /"expert." My neighbors have a competi-
tor's version of bridge and it doesn't comment on the hands,
letting you fend for yourself. Fixed bidding, as in Bridge
Tutor I, is a big advantage for the novice but somewhat
frustrating for the advanced player. Maybe that's why they
named it Bridge Tutor instead of Bridge Expert!
In conclusion, I think the game is fun and interesting. I
recommend it to novices and experienced players alike.
Now, if only they would add a synthesized voice that shouts
"what a play!" or "you dummy!"
(Available at Radio Shack stores for $34.95)
—Dan Downard
148 the RAINBOW April, 1983
The Programmer's Guild Presents . . .
PAC — DROIDS
TM
BY
Charles Forsythe
THE ULTIMATE IN PAC-ACTION
ONLY $19 95 UP TO FOUR PLAYERS!!
Unlike Any Other "PAC" Game You've Ever Seen!!
Hot Machine Language Multi-Color
High-Res Graphics For All 16K
TRS-80 Color Computers
MORE SOUND — MORE ACTION
MORE FEATURES THAN ANY
"PAC" GAME IN EXISTENCE!!
Try PAC-DROIDS™ for the Outer Limit in pure,
explosive arcade action!!
SEND $19.95 CHECK/MONEY ORDER or VISA/MC NUMBER
TO
THE PROGRAMMER'S GUILD
P.O. BOX 66
PETERBOROUGH, NH 03458
or Call (603) 924-6065 for COD
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
AND GET "FREE" SHIPPING ANYWHERE ON THE PLANET
EARTH OR HER COLONIES
Software Review . . .
Death Star: Recommended
Adventure, Impressive Package
You are the rebel fighter given the task of rescuing Prin-
cess Leah from the Death Star. This one-player Adventure
gives you the choice of either novice or pro modes (advice:
novice is playable while pro is guaranteed death even for an
experienced adventurer).
This 32K Extended Color BASIC text Adventure is a nice
introduction to the logic and flow of an Adventure game. It
is Carl Shell's first attempt at this type of program. The flow
and play of the game is adequate, but it lacks some of the
frills of the very best advanced games. The following critique
is designed both to give a description of the game and to give
guidelines to players who would like to edit the program to
suit their own tastes.
Death Star uses Sugar Software's Auto Run to create an
appealing title page. After this, however, expect mostly text
and a few screen color changes. Along with graphics I
should mention the sound effects. The sounds are pleasant
at first, but soon become annoying. They remind me of a
Navy alarm buzzer.
The game package includes one program tape, one page
of hints, and one page of instructions (no more instructions
are needed since the program is self-explanatory). The 5/2" x
8 '/J" hard vinyl case which stores all of this is very impres-
sive. It is more appealing to look at a nicely designed case
than a mere cassette box lying on my desk. It adds a touch of
professionalism to my library.
The object of your mission is to find the power pak, rescue
Princess Leah, and then find the escape module. You have
eight enemies (four are weak and are used to gain credits,
while four are strong and are used to hold the princess). The
power pak and escape module are just lying around. All you
tumble upon these. Rescuing the princess is another thing.
You to do is to smust defeat the hard foe who holds her
captive; however, you do not know which one has her. After
you find the power pak, rescue Princess Leah, and find the
escape module you have finished the adventure.
In the novice mode, you start with 1,000 credits, 300
hit-points, and 50 units of oxygen. You use your credits to
buy weaponry, armor, more oxygen, and hit-points, and
various forms of help from Yoda. Don't expect to buy
everything at first. You must wait until you do battle and
earn more credits. You can earn hit-points by spending a few
nights at the sleep port.
The first thing you should do afterarriving at the teleport
gate is visit the weaponry shop. While there you should
purchase a gravity pak and a weapon. Your choice of wea-
pon is not important as long as you also buy the enhanced
weaponry capability from Yoda (hint from Yoda: Do not
trust your impulses. Trust the force). Next is armor. Use
your own discretion when buying armor. Enhanced armor is
nice, but not mandatory. It is very helpful if you seek help
from Yoda. You can purchase potions to prevent blindness,
sleep, poisoning, and in some cases, body damage. You may
also buy a favor from Yoda to collect upon when a tragedy
befalls you. (A "favor from Yoda" can turn a sure mortality
into a good laugh. A nice touch!) As for the extra oxygen
and hit-points, all that can be said is to obtain these when
you think that you need them. After you play a few times
you will find a combination that you like best.
The logic of the game is very simple. Single alphanumeric
character inputs control all movement and actions. This
feature makes the game easy enough for children, but in long
play, it can become repetitious. No map is needed since there
is not a pattern of events set by the program. Random
numbers control the play of the game. If Lady Luck is not on
your side, you could be searching for hours before you
would find the things you need (here's where you will wish
that you did need a map). I suggest that if play lasts longer
than two hours, start over. If you need help, Carl Shell very
generously offers his phone number in the documentation,
suggesting you call him between 6:00 p.m. and 1 1:00 p.m.
In conclusion, I recommend Death Star to either gamers
who have never played adventures before or to more expe-
rienced players like myself who would like to edit and adapt
a BASIC Adventure to their own tastes.
(S & S Arcade Supplies, 8301 Sarnow Dr., Orlando, FL
32807, $19.95)
—John R. Curl
Hint . . .
What ROM Have You?
All CoCo's come up with a message which says you are
operating with version 1 .0 of the operating system. How can
you tell whether you have a version 1.0 or 1.1 of the Basic
ROM chip?
The answer is a simple one: Just type in EXEC41 175 and
the version of your ROM will appear on the screen.
STARTa
COMPUTER PROGRAMS
TRS-80 MODEL 1/3 16K LEVEL II
TRS-80 16K COLOR
— — -_■ -»~ ' — — — — —
#3 FROG RACE #3
DEMO PROGRAM FROG RACE COMES ON CASSETTE WITH I
REFUND COUPON TO USE ON YOUR NEXT ORDER.
FROG RACE CASSETTE S3. WITH CATALOG
DUO-PAKS ARE
f 10
EACH.
PAK NO.
PROGRAM SIDE 1
/
PROGRAM SIDE 2
DUO-PAK-1
GONE FISHING
/
CONCENTRATION
DUO-PAK-2
CRAPS
/
SLOT-MACHINE
DUO-PAK-3
STARSHIP
/
SHERLOCK HOLMES
DUO-PAK-4
TANK ATTACK
/
ASSOCIATION
DUO-PAK-3
NUMBER GUESS
/
DICE ROLL
DUO-PAK-6
IN-BETWEEN
/
SHELL GAME
DUO-PAK-7
SAFARI
/
STARSHIP-2
DUO-PAK-B
MORTAR BATTLE
/
PUZZLE
DUO-PAK-9
TEASERS
/
MOUSE
DUO-PAK-10
PT BOAT
/
TURTLE RACE
DUO-PAK-1 1
CHEK-CHES
/
STARSHIP-3
DUO-PAK-1 2
THINK
/
LUCK 1 LOGIC
DUO-PAK-1 3
TREASURE ISLAND
/
RESCUE
DUO-PAK-300
DC-OHMS LAW
/
FLC-FRC
DUO-PAK-301
IC-TIMER-1
/
IC-TIMER 2
SYSTEM PROGRAMS S10 EACH
SU1 CASSETTE COPY / CASSETTE COPY
««««««««««««««*««««««««t««*«*«**«**««*««**t***«
ORDERS WILL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL PPD.
SORRY NO COD'S
BE SURE TO SPECIFY WHICH COMPUTER YOU HAVE.
B. ERICKSON P.O. BOX 11099
CHICAGO, IL. 60611
150 the RAINBOW April, 1983
The PROFESSIONAL Keyboard
A direct plug-in
replacement for your
Color Computer.
♦ Simple Installation
(No glueing or cutting)
*Redefinable Keys
(Free Software Included)
♦No Extra Charge for TDP/
Model
_, i.
$8955
"A Model 1 keyboard
in a Color Computer case.
This product is a real gem."
Rainbow Review, March 1983 j
* All TDP/F orders please specify
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
SPECTRUM SWITCHER
by TJN SYSTEMS
$ 99.95
Have your Disk and Cartridge too!
Transforms a Color Computer into a dual slot
system. Comes with extender cable.
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93 15 86th DRIVE WOODHAVEN, NY 11421
212-441-2807
all orders plus $2 S/H, N.Y. residents add sales tax
Software Review
Beware of the Fembots
Beyond the Cimeeon Moon
If you're a novice at Adventure games, you have to have
suicidal tendencies to play Beyond the Cimeeon Moon
because you will experience the agony of death countless
times. The advanced Adventure game player, on the other
hand, probably will enjoy the challenge of a game that is
breaking new ground for CoCo.
Thegame combines the magnetism of colorful arcade-like
graphics — along with the need for strong hand-to-eye-to-key-
board coordination — and the intellectual appeal of an
Adventure game to create a saga that would make Dr.
Spock break out in a sweat.
You are in outer space trapped aboard an alien slave ship
occupied only by yourself and roving guards, who are there
to prevent your escape. You are pitted against an omnipres-
ent machine mind that controls the "fembots" and only
rapidly typing fingers and a fertile imagination can prevent
your demise.
For some reason, the door to your cell has been left
unlocked and your mind, which has been enslaved for sev-
eral years, has been freed, so there is finally a remote chance
of escaping the multi-leveled vessel. There will be many
times, however, when you will yearn for the comparatively
safe confines of the cell.
TAKE THE GUESSWORK OUT OF
STOCK & FUND
INV
ING
FUNDGRAF io a new computer program which not
only graphs and analyzes funds or stocks, but also
makes decisions on when to buy and sell. Use your
TRS-80 Color Computer (TM Tandy Corp.) as a valu-
able investment tool.
• GRAPHS the progress of your funds or stocks
• SUPERIMPOSES for comparison!
- a line of constant percent growth
- a graph of any other fund
• CALCULATES over any given time spam
- percent price change
- the moving average
INDICATES BUY and SELL signals
r
RAINBOW
IC'L
T
T
FUHDCRflF — Fl STOCK
riRRKET RMRLYS I S
PROGRAM FOR 1CK EX
T R S — & O COLOR COMPUTER
1
Tape- version compares
pTookfl or funds in
groups of seven for
up to 70 weeks*
— 549.95
Disk version compares
any 36 funds on one
disk for up to 200
weeks .
— $69.95
-Sample data and detailed instructions furnished.
-Both versions require 16 K Extended Basic.
-For more information send S.A.S.E.
-For your FUNDGRAF program send the price indi-
cated above plus $2.00 handling toi
PARSONS SOFTWARE, DEPT. A
118 WOODSHIRE DRIVE
PARKERSBURG, WV 26101
tXS-M COLOR t0**UTE* -TH TMV CW*
1 • 1 ■ 1 ■ ' ■ 1 ■ '
You quickly discover that the halls are being patrolled by
fembots and they show up when you least expect them.
Sometimes they zap you before you've even seen them. Then
there are times — if you can type quickly enough — when you
can run right over them, a fact I discovered out of
desperation.
A rich assortment of basic necessities have been left
behind by the aliens, including such things to wear as vac-
suits, armor, powersuits with armor, and shield belts —
which can be found throughout the ship if you search long
enough. There also are such weapons as lasgun lasers and
mauler rifles, which have been slipped into out-of-the-way
crannies, as well as some disc decoders.
As you "tour" the ship you will discover that there are
many mysterious rooms — a number of which appear to be
empty at first glance, but which contain items essential to
your escape, if you know how to search them. Many of them
are in fact empty but, upon entering them, you're likely to
find that someone or something has locked the door behind
you. Don't panic, though, because pressing the shift and
clear keys simultaneously, along with any other key, will
teleport you back to your cell. (You will discover this early,
if your experience is similar to mine.)
Each floor contains teleportation pads which enable you
to move from one floor to the next with relative ease. Be
ready to move quickly, however, when you get to the next
floor because the fembots are everywhere.
The creators of the game are kind enough to provide you
with a series of 1 1 commands that should make playing a lot
easier. There's an "inventory" command that lets you check
your energy supply and the equipment you have picked up
along the way. Your energy supply dwindles every time you
are shot, but you can be shot eight times before it's used up
and you are wasted. Thankfully, there are places in the vessel
where you can have your energy restored.
Enter a wrong command and all you get is an "Oopie!"or
"Error" message. I think the "Oopie" signal is supposed to
add a little levity, but 1 didn't think it was so funny after
seeing it more than 50 times. Nor did I enjoy the hundreds of
trips I made up and down the halls searching for the faintest
clue of a solution to the game.
I was impressed by the three-dimensional graphics and
the surrealistic sound effects. You do get the feeling of
actually being inside the spaceship and it is not difficult to
find your way around using the arrow keys. I also liked the
window I found on the third floor of the ship; it was refresh-
ing to see the stars twinkling after so many blank walls and
empty rooms.
There are many solutions to the game and, if you're
among those lucky enough to find a couple of them, you're
ready for some of ColorQuest's other 3-D games, such as
Fembots' Revenge and Adventure Trilogy. If you are smart
enough to solve Beyond The Cimeeon Moon, that is. On a
scale of 1 to 10 in Adventure games that I have played, I
would give this one a "nine."
If Adventure games are your bag, Beyond The Cimeeon
Moon is for you. Now, where is that leader. . .?
(ColorQuest, a division of Softlaw Corp., 9072 Lyndale
Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55420, 16K tape $24.95,
32K disc $29.95)
—Charles Springer
152 the RAINBOW April, 1983
BASIC AID
AT LAST! Help for the BASIC programmer. BASIC AID is an indespensable addition to the Color
Computer. It will save you valuable time and effort. If you write or modify BASIC programs,
you need BASIC AID.
You get 43 Common BASIC commands available as single Control Key inputs. Greatly
speeds up program entry.
A powerful feature is the ability to redefine any or all of the keys to your own specifications
PLUS you get invaluable features such as a MERGE command, Move Line command and
Automatic Line Numbering.
MERGE— Insert programs stored on
. cassette into your Basic program.
You can even assign new line
numbers to the program you read
in. Great for creating your own
tape library.
MOVE— Lets you move and renumber any
part of your Basic program. GOTOs
and GOSUBs are automatically
changed.
Redefine any or all keys! Put in your most
frequently used commands. Then save
them to tape for use another time.
"An excellent program
and fine utility " —
-RAINBOW review,
August, 1982, Page 27
MERGE MOVE OM/OFF
• 1 1 I 1
BLANK SET -AUTO^UM-
8UPF USER OH/OFT SET
» f
I
J J_
TRACE CKEC
r ' I
RUN CLEAR r CLEAR CONT
1 I 1 I 1 I
CHR3 LEN LEFT
r T 1 T 1 r
MID RIGHT
r i
THEN
OOSUB
T T
IRKET
INPUT
OPEN
r
PEER CIRCLE
1 I »
DRAW PAINT
1 f —
STRING [ READ
I It ' '
I I II it
1 i i I L
DATA
FOR
HI* JOtSTK
" »
SOUND LIST
T «
POKE
J L
SCREEN
LINE
I I
AUDIO CSAVj CLOAO
STEP RETURN NEXT
T f 1 T
M OTOR DIM EDIT
» 1 1 I
PRINT
_J '
PRINT MEM
BASIC AID
I M
All of this in a convenient ROM cartridge which is available instantly on power-up. And, it
uses almost none of your valuable memory! Comes with a convenient easy to remove,
plastic keyboard overlay. _ _
BASIC AID CARTRIDGE
Disk Basic Aid $49.95
# Full Screen Editins
# Cross Reference
'Automatic Line Numbering
'Automatic Key Repeat
*2 Key Entry of Basic Keywords
*User Definable Keys
* Label Support
$34.95
Add $2 Shipping and Handling
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93-15 86th DRIVE (212) 441-2807 (VOICE)
WOODHAVER N.V. 1 1421 (212) 441 -3755 (DATA)
CHECK OUT O UR COLOR BBS' AT
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
: o
The must CoCo book
for 1983. Contains a
myriad of peeks and
pokes, ROM and RAM
upgrades, machine
language backups,
printer potpouri and
more! Make your
computer do things it
never did before,
$14.95
CD
e
■ 1 I I ■ i i i t t i ■ i ■ ■ i ■ ■ i ■ ■ , ■ . >v
COCO COOLER— Internal cooling
system. Prevent heat buildup
inside your Color Computer.
"CoCo Cooler keeps things
cool."— Rainbow Review, Dec,
1982, Page 39 $49 95
c — 1
r. i
i — i
c — 1
f— 1
1 1
1 1
I 1
DISK INTERFACE/ROM PACK
EXTENDER - 3 FEET. Move your disks
and ROM packs where you want
them. Gold plated contacts
eliminate corrosion. $29.95
MORE CABLES . . .
Coaxial RF Adapter Cable and
8 Ft. RG59/u Coaxial Cable $9.95"
Cassette Recorder Extension $14.95
SAM Saver (LED On/Off indicator)$14.95
LIGHT PEN- Plugs right in to
your joystick port and reads
the colors off your screen.
Includes four demo pro-
grams and is completely
compatible with Computer
Island's Fun-Pak software.
$19.95
Add $2 for Shipping
and Handling
Joystick Cable Extension
Disk Drive Extender
Serial Cable (specify printer)
Joystick "Y" Adapter
Two Drive Cable
Parallel Printer Cable
Four Drive Cable
Customized Cables—
.$14.95
.$14.95
.$17.95
$19.95
$29.95
.$34.95
$39.95
_CALL
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
'Replaces gray audio cable to
help reduce TV interference.
Direct 75 ohm hookup.
THE SPECTRUM PADDLE-
Enjoy quicker response and
higher game scores. Great
for games with side-to-side
action like Astro Blast Space
Invaders, Shooting Gallery
and Clowns and Balloons,
Includes "softtouch" fire
button. "You have better
control of the right to left
movement than with any
joystick we have seen so
far"— Rainbow Review, Jan. r
1983, Page 134 $19.95
o o
FOUR-PIN MALE TO FOUR PIN
FEMALE— 15 FEET. Move your
printer or modem to another
location— easier use, ..$14.95
COLOR COMPUTER EDITOR
ASSEMBLER AND DEBUGGER
"CCEAD is a high quality program and
excellent value. CCEAD is a tool that no
assembly language programmer can afford
to be without." —RAINBOW Review, February,
1983 $6.95
THE STRIPPER
Deletes REMarks. packs lines and removes
blanks,
"How much memory can you save? About
25% average. "—RAINBOW Review, February,
1983 S7.95
93-15 86th DRIVE
WOOOHAVEN, N.V. 1 1421
(212)441-2807 (VOICE)
(212)441-3756 (DATA)
•Order both and save a buck.
Call the Rainbow Connection At (212) 441-3755 & (212) 441-3766 for Rainbow Programs & Reviews
DEALER/CLUB INQUIRIES WELCOME
New York State Resident* add appropriate taxes
Tired of plugging and unplugging
devices from the RS232 port of your Color
Computer? Make your life easier. Buy our
RS232 expansion cable and connect two
devices at the same time. Just right for
printers, modems, etc, Anything that plugs
Into the Color Computer will plug Into this
high quality cable.
RS232 Cable $20.00
RS 232 swither $34.95
# 3 Position
COLORCOM/E BONUSI Order
COLORCOM/E and get the RS232 cable
for only $15.00. Save $5.00
32K RAM Button
Nanos System Reference Card
.$2.99
$3.99
Color Computer Tech Manual
Epson Printer Interface (Serial I/O Port).
Lowercase Kit
SPECTRUM PUTS THE SLAM ON RAM
16K Chips
64K Chips
Basic ROM 1.1.
Disk ROM
6883 (SAM) Chip with heat sink
6809E
$12.00/set
$49.95/set
$36.00
$39.95
$29.95
$29.95
$7.95
49.95
ONLY $69.95
$79.95
$88.00
CoCo First Aid Kit (Be Prepared)
(2 6821 's, 6809E, & 6883)
12 Key Numeric Keypad
Extended Basic ROM Kit
64K "E7 U F"/TDP Board Upgrade $99.95'
Color-80BBS Package (Silicon Rainbow)— S1 15.00**
RS Disk Interface (with manual) $179.95
Epson MX-80 w/CoCo Interface $499.95
* FREE Return UPS Shipping
"Requires 64K Ext. Basic w/2 Prives
Now give your CoCo a compact drawing board
for direct sketching. The Spectrum Sketchpad $79.95
SMART TERMINAL PACKAGE
.$69.95
WE DIDN'T WAIT for the competition to catch up with usl We've added even MORE
features to COLORCOM/E, our superb Smart Terminal program for the Color
Computer. Compare before you buy. NOBODY offers you morel
Complete Upload and Download Support
Online Cassette/Disk Reads and Writes
110, 300, 600, or 1200 Baud
Full or Half Duplex
Reenter Data Before Calling (Saves $$'s)
Offline and Online Scrolling
Automatic Capture of Files
Send All 127 ASCII Characters From Keyboard
Word Mode Eliminates split Words
7 or 8 Data Bits (Including Graphics Support)
Efficient Data Storage S-t-r-e-t-c-h-e-s Memory
ROM Pack or Disk
COLORCOM/E $49.95
AND, our efficient storage and easy editing of received data
makes printing to your printer offline a snap. Select any portion of
the received data for printing. No need to print everything.
Add $2 for Shipping and Handling
RAJNBOW
ewTmeiTiM
64K DISK UTILITY PACKAGE
1 . 40K- Tired of seeing 22823? A ?MEM now
returns 31015 with four pages for graphlcsl
• • •
' 2, Software Print Spooler-Tired of waiting
for your printer? You can now output data to
a RAM buffer at high speed and go back to
programmlna while your data Is being
printed slmuitaneouity on your printer I Works
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
03-16 68th DRIVE
WOOO HAVEN, N.Y 1 1421
(212)441-2807 (VOICE)
(212)441-3756 (DATA)
with printers that accept 1 2CXJ baud,
3, ROMCRACK— Now you can place your
ROM PAC software on dlskl ROMCRACK can
make most ROM PAC software work on your
disk — _$21.96
°" Available on casette tape by Itself for
$9,95, Half-price when ordered with
Spectrum's 64K chlpil
Call the Rainbow Connection At (212) 441-3755 & (212) 441-3766 for Rainbow Programs & Reviews
DEALER/CLUB INQUIRIES WELCOME
New York State Residents add appropriate taxes
Software Review . . .
Synther-7 Creates
A Symphony for CoCo
When wasthelast time you had a chance to play a Hogfife
or a Krumphorn? Have you ever gone to a late-night jam
session, only to realize you left your Jninni at home? Well,
thanks to Computerware's Synther-7 program, you'll have
these instruments, and more, right on the keyboard of your
Color Computer.
Synther-7 is a real-time musical synthesizer which is
totally controlled by software. It enables you to generate
musical notes and sound effects from designated keys on the
computer. These sounds can be modified by several parame-
ters before they wind up on your TV's audio speaker or
cassette's audio input. Because the sound is routed to the
AUX jack, it enables you to record your works right onto
the cassette recorder, or for that matter, any recording
device at all.
The machine language cassette version loads and auto-
matically executes from tape with one CLOADM com-
mand. It comes with six pages of easy-to-understand docu-
mentation, the last page being a summary of all the
commands. It was only a matter of a few minutes before I
was creating masterpieces on my new "instrument."
Upon loading, the top of the screen will show a picture of
a piano keyboard (two ocatave's worth) and the correspond-
ing keys on the computer which activate them. The
"QWERTY"row, including the up-arrow key all the way to
the CLEAR key, represent the white keys of the piano. The
number row, from "1" to the BREAK key, corresponds to
the black keys (sharps and flats) of the piano. While this
takes somegettingused to, Computerware suggests marking
the keys which sound notes with cellophane tape. A key-
board overlay of some sort might have been nice, but it
wouldn't be difficult at all to make one. I plan to do so, using
the overlay from Radio Shack's Art Gallery program as a
template.
Also pictured on the screen are a block of text labeled
STOPS (the different preset sounds), a bar graph on the
lower left which indicates the envelope of the sound, a block
of text identifying different control keys, and a bar indicator
of the current pitch range. As these choices imply, there are
lots of ways to change the nature of sound, and the features
of this program far exceed those of the regular SOUND and
PLA Y commands.
Rather than try to describe the sounds of the five presets,
suffice to say they range from somewhat natural (Lute) to
borderline bizzare (Krumphorn). Synthesists will be happy
to know that you have full control of ADSR (attack, decay,
sustain and release). Changing the values of these functions
is achieved by hitting the appropriate keys (which conven-
iently occupy the third row of the keyboard). Furthermore,
you can change the vibrato and volume, and even add twang
and bend to a note. Try doing that when you start with
Krumphorn as your basic sound! It's music from another
planet!
Learning to use Synther-7 is easy because the documenta-
tion takes you through an example of sound creation. I'm
partial to documentation that serves somewhat as a tutorial
because it cuts down on the time it takes to master different
functions. With most computer programs, it's a matter of
learning what keys do what, and learning by example is the
best way.
After creating several different sounds ( I even wrote a nice
melody), I experimented with sound effects. It was relatively
simple to create the sound of an ambulance siren (coming
after who, I wondered). Then I wanted to see how long I
could sustain one note. Forever seemed to be the top limit.
As a recording engineer and musician, I've been some-
what skeptical of the synthesizer capabilities of the 80C.
This software program is well thought out, and can provide
many hours of composition and experimentation with
sound. "Ah, yes," you say, "but how good it is? Could it be
used in a real recording situation, or is it more or less a toy?"
I first wanted to test the S/N (signal-to-noise) ratio of the
sound output. Although I didn't have any real test equip-
ment at home, I decided to record onto the cassette, simply
to see what it sounded like. Playback seemed to contain
some low-end rumble around 50 or 60 hz. But to be fair, I
checked further to see whether it was the program or the
tape recorder that was at fault. Using a "V adaptor (availa-
ble at any Radio Shack store), I routed the sound output to
my Technics tape deck. The playback was astonishingly
clean-sounding over the whole frequency range, but I was
further surprised by the decent reproduction of low-end
sounds.
"What about the pitch?" you argue. I knew from the past
that the SOUND and PLA Y commands on the CoCo were
not true-to-pitch. I checked Synther-7 's notes against those
on my Casio. Before you even suspect the accuracy of the
Casio, keep in mind that it was turned by a professional
piano tuner with hightech tuning equipment. I checked one
against the other, and it was right on! (How did they do
that?)
Overall, this is an excellent program, well-worth the list
price. If there were one feature missing, it would be a save-
to-tape for any sound creations you might want to have
later. They suggest that you write these numbers down for
future use, but I'm lazy, and besides, that's why I got a
computer in the first place. But enough said, I 'm going to lay
down different tracks on my Teac Portastudio, another
marvel of technology. I must not forget my Gamba.
(Computerware, Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024, $21.95 on
tape, $26.96 on disk)
— Bob Safir
Now a LOGO for the
COLOR COMPUTER
***TINY TURTLE***
TINY TURTLE is an affordable,
fully compatible LOGO language
with high resolution turtle
graphics, music, fast processor
operation, and storing and
retrieval of user procedures.
TINY TURTLE comes complete with
soft-copy reference user manual.
3-2K/5XTD BASIC/CASSETTE $39.95
HARD-COPY MANUAL $^.95
SDS COMPUTERS BOGOTA , N.J.
POB ^50 07603
N.J. ADD 5# TAX
156 the RAINBOW April, 1983
u %1* ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 »l» »l» »ig »l# %i# «i# %i# +lm %*
«X* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* *T* <|> <|> <|> <|> <|> «*•
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
#
*
*
*
*
*
#
*
*
*
*
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*
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*
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THE
"Recommend to
anyone who enjoys
games on his CoCo."
RAINBOW Review,
March 1983
STICK INTERFACE
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
Now you can
hookup two Atari type
joysticks to your Color Computer
or TDP System-lOOfor only $19.95
$39.95 -The Interface with two Atari* joysticks
*mlf *1> mj0 mj0 %lg ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 +I0
0^ #|% ♦'Js
*
PLEASE SEND:
( (INTERFACES... $19.95
( (STICK/INTERFACE SETs... $3995
all orders plus $2 shipping
NAME .
^ Interface made by WICO. Atari is
a registered trademark of Atari, Inc.
*
*
*
*
*
YES!
ADDRESS
CITY,STATE,ZIP.
NY residents add sales tax
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93-15 86th DRIVE
WOODHAVEN, NY 11421
212- 441 -2807
* +&0 ^0 ^0 «fe ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 ^0 »l# m30 +30 m30 mS* mj* mS* mS* m&0 mS* mj* m&0 mS* mS* mS*
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SOMETHING NEW IS just out
from Radio Shack and, while it is not
strictly for the CoCo, we think it is
something you'll be interested in. It is
called the TRD-80 Model 100 Portable
Computer. This is a true portable com-
puter with built-in functions such as an
address file, a word processor and
modem for communications. It even
has a telephone dialer!
Most interesting of all, the Portable
Computer connects easily to any of the
other Radio Shack models — including,
of ourse, our own CoCo. You can write
letters and memos on a plane or while
riding (but not driving) in a car and
transfer files to CoCo as soon as you get
back. Or, you can just call up your
CoCo and dump information on the
phone.
The Portable Computer comes with
8K, 16K, 24K and 32K. Starts at $799.
The display is eight lines by 40 charac-
ters on an LCD screen. Go see it.
As you know, Radio Shack has
introduced a number of new computers
since CoCo. And, while we think the
machines are good, none of them have
had the personal appeal of CoCo. Until
now. We're really enthusiastic about
this new machine. In fact, we plan a new
publication for it - - Portable Comput-
ing Magazine. The first issue is due in
July and there is a charter subscription
rate of $23 until July I. If you're inter-
ested, let us know.
WE FEEL IT IMPORTANT to call
your attention to the latest issue of
TRS-80 Microcomputer Newsand the
comments made by Jon Shirley, vice
president for computer merchandising
for Tandy. Mr. Shirley talks about how
some manufacturers "rate" the RAM
available in their machines. Since you,
as a loyal CoCo owner, might be questi-
oned about this issue, we thought you
might be interested in what Mr. Shirley
has to say.
And, while he does not mention the
Commodore 64, we will. Simply
because we were at a friend's house the
other day, and he showed us his new
Commodore. "It has 64K," he said
proudly. We PRINTed MEM, and
showed him otherwise. Yes, it has 64K
of RAM — just like CoCo does — but, of
course, only some 32K is usable.
Clearly, we feel Radio Shack's policy
of properly characterizing CoCo as a
32K machine is a more accurate descrip-
tion of its capabilities. And, of course,
you know you can access all 64K of
CoCo RAM.
ARMADILLOS MOVE SLOWLY,
but they do move. And, so, for Arma-
dillo Software, which has a new address
and a new telephone number. You can
reach them at (512) 835-1088.
******
IN THE "WE GOOFED" area is this
footnote to the review of the light pen
software for the Spectrum light pen
available from Computer Island. The
package of software and hardware is
available only from Computer Island.
Spectrum Projects does not carry the
software — but does have the light pen,
of course.
HERE'S A BULLETIN: There are
several new bulletin boards now in
operation, devoted primarily to CoCo.
Among them are:
One out of Tom Mix Software at
(616) 364-4791 . By the way, Tom Mix'
Donkey King program has a new name.
Its now known as The King.
If you want some southern flavor to
your communications, try Kaleido-
scope, a 24-hour BBS out of the middle
Georgia area. Willie Bethay is SYSOP
and you can connect up at (912)
923-4679.
Three bulletin boards at one place?
Yes, that's what SYSOP Bob Rosen
announces. He's added a third to the
present Rainbow Connection. Call
either (21 2) 441-3755, (2 1 2) 441-3766 or
(212) 441-5719 24-hours a day, seven
days a week.
Queens must be the bulletin board
capital of the entire northern hemis-
phere. In addition to Bob's three, there
is a new one based in that New York
City borough called CoCo's Nest. It is
open 24 hours a day and Arnold Schif-
fman is the SYSOP. Its run by Strictly
Communications, Inc.
******
IF YOU HAVE A cassette copy of
Spectaculator, we understand that you
can get it converted to disk. We've just
heard this and have not had an oppor-
tunity to check it out, but we hear that
Tandy will do it for you if you send the
original tape to Fort Worth and ask.
YOU MIGHT WANT TO CHECK
the continuous checks which a firm
called Synergetic Systems has deve-
loped. There is a program to go with it
and we are told the package of program
and checks can be purchased as a pack-
age for $59.95. The firm's address is
4715 Shepard Road, Mulberry, FL
33860. Phone is (813) 646-6557.
******
GIMIX, WHICH IS A leader in 6809
products, has a new 6809 CPU Board
and software package available. The
new board is specifically intended for
use with multi-user multi-tasking oper-
ating systems. The software, OS-9
GMX III, is an enhanced version of the
OS-9 operating system which was writ-
ten to take full advantage of the new
CPU Board. Information is available
from Gimix, Inc., 1337 W. 37th Place,
Chicago, IL 60609, (312) 927-5510.
EDUCATORS WILL BE interested
to know that Radio Shack has
announced a program called "Ameri-
ca's Educational Challenge" for all ele-
mentary and secondary school teachers
in the United States. The purpose of the
program is to assist teachers to achieve
basic familiarity with computers and
their use in the classroom. Information
on the program will be mailed this
month to the principal of every school
in the United States. Also included are
free certificates for free classes in
BASIC at Radio Shack's Computer
Centers.
******
A NEW LINE OF modems and
"Speed Select" Modem I/O cards has
been announced by Universal Data
Research. The new modems are
designed to connect any terminal or
computer with telephone lines. More
information is available from Universal
Data Research, 2457 Wehrle Drive,
Buffalo, NY 14221 (716) 631-3011.
158 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Spectrum Projects
YourTDP-100 Dealer
Trims Down Prices!
64KTDP100 : : Line Printer I
with Ext/Basic : : (DMP100)
$499.95 • • $299.95
Color Drive : : DC Modem I
Zero : : Communications
$449.95 • • $129.95
Color Cassette : : 16K TDP-100
Recorder<ccR sd : : with Ext/Basic
$49.95 • • $399.95
CALL 212-441-2807
all orders plus $2.00 S/H
N.Y. residents add sales tax
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93-15 86th DRIVE
WOODHAVEN,NY 11421
Software Review . . .
Humor, Good Graphics
Make Crystal Revenge Sparkle
Crystal Revenge is a fine game by Tom Roginski. The
premise is that you (former galastic imperialists from the
Crystal World) have been driven back to your homeworld,
where you are under attack by various races whom you had
sought to bring under your "enlightened rule." You are a
space sector defender, and must laser out attackers' ships,
protecting cities and your supply dump.
The graphics are excellent. An arc of the planet, its several
large cities marked on its surface, is at the right of the screen.
You maneuver a laser firing ring, a sparkly affair controlled
by the right joystick. You must lock on to the moving target
before firing. Attacker ships advance one by one across the
black of space from the left. A fuel bar across the top of the
screen shows how much laser fuel remains.
Hits on your planet show on the homeworld and are
recorded at the bottom right of the screen; attacker ships
downed are recorded at the bottom left. There is a com-
plicated point scoring system, providing different levels of
points for ships hit from succeeding waves, as well as
bonuses for conserving laser fuel, minimizing hits on your
planet, saving cities, your supply base, and the homeworld
itself. Point-scores are calculated and displayed after each
game, and compared to previous high scores.
You play for a defined win, as determined by two menu-
selected difficulty parameters. You can enter a previous high
score at the beginning, or play against high score made in a
particular series of games, so that although only one person
can play at a time, a number of players can compete on
scores.
of controlling4 colors in PMODE4 which involves display-
ing two ships just before a game and asking you to indicate if
the one on top is red or not. Your answer fixes the false
colors throughout a game without use of RESET lines.
Roginski says that "as a by-product of the way the false
colors are set" red areas of blue ships (or blue areas of red
ones) are "armored," and hits by laser ring locked onto these
areas will not knock out the ship. Roginski is writing an
article about his use and control of false colors in hi-res. I
look forward to seeing it after this interesting tidbit. Though
the "armor" may be making the best of a necessary conse-
quence of the programming method, it provides one of the
most frustrating — and fascinating — features of the game.
You lock onto an advancing ship. You got it! You fire!
Nothing happens, you hit an armored section! Tally Ho, to
the chase again.
The ships themselves add a certain funkiness to the game.
The first wave comes at you one at a time, straight across, a
bit herky-jerky (emphasized by the sounds they make), but
not really evasive. They are rather baroque, but definitely
spaceships — fish-like shapes with armored dorsal and ven-
tral turrets. Not so the succeeding waves. I can only describe
those as "critter-like." They come at you hopping, bopping,
twitching, hula-shimmying; to say their trajectories are
unpredictable is an understatement. They don't have
trajectories; they do war dances. Too, as they approach and
skitter or scoot away from your firing ring, they sneer, jeer,
fleer and Bronx cheer at you. When you get one, it shudders,
heaves, changes colors, and disintegrates, singing a little
deathsong of pathetic defiance (veh-ree organic).
You have to destroy 10 ships in an incoming wave, and
from three to five waves to save your homeworld. This is
quite hard to do, though Roginski has designed the game to
be winnable at all levels. However, if your supply base is
destroyed, your laser will not be refueled for the next wave,
and you will confront those funky little dip-ships impo-
tently, with a firing ring that will lock on but do no damage.
Ypu have only 30 shots per wave, so refueling is essential.
You can cheat a bit in this game. I always look for ways to
do that, since it expresses my rebellion against arcade-style
games. You can pause the action with "shift@"and get your
joystick under control for moving rapidly into best intercept
position.
When the planet-destroying number of hits has occurred,
concentric circles of throbbing red radiation spread from the
last hit zone to fill all of space. Ciao, Crystal World. Such is
the fate of would-be enlightened rulers.
To fit the entire program into 16K, Roginski has made it
in three modules. The first, with complete instructions and
well-done title screens (which use semigraphics-24 mode for
some novel effects), is auto-overlayed by the data and game
modules. Later, when you want to skip instructions and get
right onto those fleering critter-ships, you can bypass that
module and CLOADM "DATA" and "REVENGE."
A Sugar Software auto-run machine language program
governs loads. (Sugar licenses its purchasers to use it in their
own commercial programs. Good deal.) I loved the owl
logo — you can see it in the Owl-Ware ad in this issue. It's a
nicely done sketch, smoothly replicating all those curves.
The owl hoots like a demented canary during loading.
This program is well worth having, even if you're not fond
of arcade games, both because of the element of humor and
because of the graphics effects.
(Owl-Ware, P.O. Box 116, Martztown, PA 19539, $16.95)
—Detective Fuzzy
The colors are excellent. Roginski has devised a method
^COLONIAL TRILOGY^
THREE INCREDIBLE NEW GAMES
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
HI-RES — 3ZK — EXT BASIC
COLONIAL WARS: two player game on a galactic scale
WITH HYCOMP'S UNIQUE SPLIT SCREEN CONCEPT-IT'S ALMOST
LIKE HAVING A SEPARATE MONITOR FOR EACH PLAYERI COLONIZE
AND BATTLE FOR CONTROL OF AN 11 STAR SYSTEM WHILE
COMMANDING MASSIVE BATTLECARRIERS, FIGHTER SQUADRONS,
FREIGHTERS, AND PLANETARY DEFENSE. WITH GAME SAVE(3-8hrs)
ZYRONlTWO PLAYERS BATTLE WITHIN AN ASTEROID FIELD WITH
SHIPS BUILT TO THEIR OWN SPECIFICATIONS. TWO SCENARIOS
INCLUDED-ONE PLAYER TRIES TO SLIP FREIGHTERS PAST THE
OTHER'S DEFENSES OR AN ALL OUT BATTLE. (2-4hrs)
QUESTAR: EXPLORE OVER 30 PLANETS AND ENCOUNTER
UNKNOWN CIVILIZATIONS.DESERTED CITIES.AND BUSY STARPORTS
WHILE SEARCHING FOR HIDDEN ZYRON BASES. AN EXCELLENT
ONE PLAYER GRAPHICS ADVENTURE GAME.(60-90min)
ONLY $19.95 EACH OR ALL THREE FOR $49,951
PLUS $1.50 FOR SHIPPING
CHECK OR MONEY AVAILABLE ONLY FROM
nonco r»kii v P.O.BOX 15331
8END SASE FOR 'HYCOMP* TULSA, OK 74158
MORE INFORMATION. (918)266-6452
160 the RAINBOW April, 1983
LOSING BATTLES WITH
GLOOMSTICK?
"The fooling of this joystick
is superb
-80 Micro March 1983
PUT THE JOY BACK IN
COLOR COMPUTING
WITH A NEW
SPECTRUM
STICK
Dealer/Club Inquiries Invited
Features include:
Power on/off LED
indicator
Ball joint components
a true feel of control
More like arcade Joy-
sticks than anything
we've yet encountered"
Rainbow review October
1982. Page 112
Extra long cables
Sturdy construction
Hair trigger response
please
$39.95
name _
send( ) SPECTRUM STICK(s) at
each plus $2.00 shipping to
address
city,state,zip
N.Y. Residents Add Appropriate Taxes
"Both the joystick and pushbutton
should have a considerably longer life
than the Radio Shack unit since they are
made of higher quality components"—
Creative Computing Feb., 1983, Issue.
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93-15 86 th DRIVE
W00DHAVEN, N.Y. 11421
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
A Colorful Game Of Draw
— That's Color Poker
By Joseph Kohn
Color Poker duplicates the electronic draw poker games
prevalent in Vegas, and requires 16K, Extended BASIC.
Playing is quite simple. The machine deals you five cards.
You have the option of keepingall of them or discarding up
to four to improve your hand. How much you win, if you are
lucky, is based on the built-in odds for each winning hand. 1
use the same odds as Las Vegas, except that I don't require
that a valid pair be jacks or better. 1 don't like losing that
much! If you want to be more daring, I've included the
program changes.
The Color Computer is ideal for providing the card gra-
phics and colors that make the game visually interesting.
The speed of the Extended Color BASIC in implementing
the graphic commands keeps play at a brisk pace.
The program is composed of four main parts: graphics
routines (lines 80-870), the actual play of deal and discard
(lines 880-1320), determining the value of your hand (lines
1330-1620) and the final tally of your finances (lines
1630-1710).
The bulk of the graphics routines are the DRA W strings
in lines 90-650. These, along with the DRA W subroutine in
line 670, provide the alphanumeric displays that both
prompt the player and provide all the necessary information
for playing.
These strings are a subset of a very useful library program
which 1 call Font. This consists of the DRA ^strings for all
the ASCII characters and provides a source of alphanumer-
ics for a great many of my high resolution programs. By
changing scale factors, start positions and colors, many
interesting effects can be created. The title screen utilizes a
scale of SI 6, each word is drawn with green, then offset and
redrawn with blue.
After displaying the odds for each winning combination,
play starts by selecting the bet in line 900. I have generally
■
162 the RAINBOW April, 1983
found that most games requiring you to choose a bet quickly
become boring. Therefore 1 decided to make the betting
random, which introduces more chance and interest. Here
the variable BT is set from $100 to $1000 in $100 steps. The
bet changes to thousands after you have more than $20,000.
This is accomplished by using the logical statement
TT>20000, where TT is your total bankroll. The INT func-
tion is required because of the inaccuracies of the exponen-
tial operator, which could produce undesirable digits to the
fourth decimal place.
Each deal is from a fresh deck, set in line 930. Five cards
are dealt at random and the cards are drawn on the screen.
The card shape uses the LINE command with a filled box.
The card values are drawn using the DRA W strings, then
the appropriate symbol is placed on the card face using
PUT.
The player enters the numbers of the cards he wishes to
discard. The discards are indicated by boxes around the
selected cards. If a mistake is made, the player can cancel his
entries and start over.
After being dealt replacement cards, scoring of the hand
proceeds. This starts with sorting the cards by face value.
Tests are made for all possible winning combinations start-
ing with straights, then flushes and finally ending with a
single pair.
If the cards do not produce a winning hand, the bet is
subtracted from the player's bankroll. Winning hands are
paid off according to the odds stored in the corresponding
DATA statements, line 850.
As I indicated, if you wish to define a valid pair asjacks or
better, do the following: Extend line 1580 with
:Y=CV(CD(X)). And add line 1605 as follows: 1605 IF
Y<11 AND Y>1 THEN 1620.
Good luck!
COLORSOFT
TM
ESCAPE
A 3-D GRAPHICS ADVENTURE WITH SOUND
(Machine Language for Fast Action)
This is NOT the usual "find the treasure" adventure. In
ESCAPE, you are trapped on the top floor of a
skyscraper and the only way out is by using a very
unusual elevator. You must give the elevator the
correct code or else the ride down is a real killer. The
maze-like halls seem to cometo lifedueto the fantastic
3-D graphics. Search the halls for rooms which contain
clues to the correct code. Clues must be deciphered to
learn the elevator's secret code. Game times depends
on the skill of the player, but it is typically 8-10 hours.
ESCAPE is suitable for group play. A mentally
stimulating experience.
16K BASIC $18.95
RECIPE FILE
A CASSETTE BASED STORAGE AND
RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
This program permits storage of your favorite recipes
for retrieval by your computer. Once a recipe has been
recalled, then the computer can adjust the ingredient
measure for serving the desired number of persons.
Each recipe can contain special comments on
preparation as well asthe full instructionsforusing the
recipe. Included is a line oriented text editor for
creating and editing the variable length files.
Completely menu driven and very user friendly. Easily
modified by the user for use in keeping track of record,
coin or stamp collections or whatever your interest.
Screen or printer output.
16K Ext. BASIC $21.95
SPECIAL: A collection of 30 recipies covering main
meals to snacks. Only $3.95 with program.
SQUIRE
SQUIRE is a challenging game of
asset management. The player must
manage a country estate and contend
with crop failure, investment losses,
taxes and other such headaches. The
object of the game is to increase the
estate's value while providing for the
peasant workers. The starting assets
are computer selected so that each
game offers different challenges.
Great experience for the kids or
aspiring executives.
16K Ext. BASIC
$14.95
HOUSEHOLD EXPENSE
MANAGER
This menu driven program package is
designed for creating and
maintaining a data file on cassette of
30 household expense categories for
a 12-month period. It also keeps
cumulative totals and a separate total
of tax deductable expenses. A
comparative analysis program
provides a graphic presentation of
relative expenses between any two
months during the year. The user can
change categories by modifying
program code. Screen or printer
output.
16K Ext. BASIC $19.95
FLIPPER
A fun and challenging version of the
Othello™ type board games. This
version includes options for play
solely by the computer, one player
against the computer, or two players
against each other. The computer
can play on four skill levels. Very
colorful with plenty of sound. Fun for
kids and challenging for adults. Great
for parties.
16K Ext. BASIC
$16.95
COLOR
SOFT WARE
SERVICES —
P.O. BOX 1708, DEPT. R
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401
INCLUDE $2.25 HANDLING PER ORDER
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
DEALER INQUIRES INVITED
RAINBOW
TELEPHONE ORDERS
(214) 454-3674
9-4 Monday-Saturday
VISA/MASTERCARD
Table 1. List of Key Variables
CS— Card suit
CV— Card value
CD— Cards dealt
BT— Player bet
TT— Player bankroll
OD— Odds for winning hand
DC— Discards
A cassette copy of Color Poker is available from the
authorfor$5. Send to: Joseph Kohn, 1343 Blossom Avenue,
Redlands, CA 92373.
The listing:
10 GOTO30000
20 '
30 * COLOR POKER
40 ' JOSEPH KOHN
50 ' 1343 BLOSSOM AVE
60 ' REDLANDS, C A 92373
70 CLS:DIM A*(89) : X=RND(-TIMER)
80 ' DRAW STRINGS
90 A*(33)«"U4E2F2D2NL4D2BR3" 'A
1 00 A* ( 35 ) - " BR3E 1 BU4H 1 L2G 1 D4F 1 R2
BR4"'C
110 A*(36)="U6R3F1D4G1L3BR7" 'D
120 A*(37)«"R4BU6L4D3NR2D3BR7" 9
E
130 A*(38)="U6NR4D3NR2D3BR7" 'F
1 40 A* ( 39 > - 11 BR4BU5H 1 L2G 1 D4F 1 R3U2
NL1D2BR3" 'G
150 A*(40)="U6D3R4U3D6BR3" 'H
1 60 A* ( 4 1 ) - " BU6BR 1 R2L 1 D6L 1 R2BR4 11
' I
170 A*(42)="BU1F1R2E1U5BD6BR3"
9 J
180 A*(43)«"U6D3R1NE3F3BR3" 'K
190 A*(44)»"NU6R4BR3" 'L
200 A*(45)«"U6F2ND1E2D6BR3" 'M
210 A*(46)-"U6F4U4D6BR3" 'N
220 A* ( 47 ) - • BU 1 U4E 1 R2F 1 D4G 1 L2NH 1
BRA" 'O
230 A* ( 48 ) - " U6R3F 1 D 1 G 1 L3BF3BR4 "
'P
240 A*(49)«"BU1U4E1R2F1D3G1NH1NF
1G1L1NH1BR6" ' Q
250 A* ( 50 ) = " U6R3F 1 D 1 G 1 L3R 1 F3BR3 "
'R
260 A*(51)= M R3E1U1H1L2H1U1E1R3BD
6BR3" 'S
270 A*(52)-"BU6R4L2D6BR5" 'T
280 A* ( 53 ) - " BU 1 U5BR4D5G 1 L2NH 1 BR6
it ,y
290 A* (54) -"BU4NU2F1D1F1ND1E1U1E
1U2BD6BR3" 'V
300 A*(55)= ,, NU6E2F2NU6BR3" 'W
310 A* ( 57 ) - " BU6D 1 F2E2U 1 D 1 G2D3BR5
II 9 y
320 A* ( 65 > - 11 BU4R2F 1 D 1 L2G 1 F 1 R2NU2
R1BR3" 'a i
330 A*(66)="U6D2R3F1D2G1L3BR7" '
b
340 A* ( 67 ) = " BU4BR2NF 1 L2G 1 D2F 1 R2N
E1BR4" 9 c
350 A* ( 68 ) « " BU4BR4L3G 1 D2F 1 R3NU6B
R3" *d
360 A* ( 69 ) - " BR3L2H 1 U2E 1 R2F 1 D 1 NL4
BD2BR3" 9 b
370 A*(72)»"U6D3E1R2F1D3BR3" 'h
380 A* (73) ■ 11 BU6BR 1 R 1 BD2NL 1 D4L 1 R2
BR4" 'i
390 A* (79) ="BU1 U2E 1 R2F 1 D2G 1 L2NH 1
BR7 " 'o
400 A*(82)»"U4D1E1R2F1BD3BR3" 9 r
410 A*(83)="R3E1H1L2H1E1R3BD4BR3
.i , s
420 A* ( 84 ) - " BU5R4L2U 1 D5F 1 E 1 BD 1 BR
3" 't
430 A*(85)="BU4D3F1R2NU4R1BR3" '
u
440 A*(86)="BU4F1D1F1ND1E1U1E1BD
4BR3" 'v
450 A* ( 87 ) = " BU4D3F 1 E 1 NU2F 1 E 1 U3BD
4BR3" 7 w
460 A* ( 89 ) = " BU4D3F 1 R3U4D5G 1 L3BU2
BR7" 'y
470 A* ( 0 ) = " BR3 " ' SPACE
480 A* ( 1 ) - " BR 1 R 1 BU2U4BD6BR5 " ' !
490 A* (4) ="BR2U6D1R2L3G1F1R2F1G1
L3BD1BR7" '*
500 A* ( 12) ="U1R1D1NL1D1G1BU2BR7"
' COMMA
510 A*(13)«"BU3R4BD3BR3"
520 A*(16)«"BU1U4E1R1F1D4G1L1NH1
BR6 " 9 0
530 A* ( 1 7 ) - " BU6BR2NG 1 D6L 1 R2BR4 11
* 1
540 A* ( 18) S "BU5E1R2F1D1G1L2G1D2R
4BR3" 9 2
550 A*(19)«"BU5E1R2F1D1G1NL1F1D1
G1L2NH1BR6" '3
560 A* ( 20 ) - " BU2U 1 E3D4NR 1 NL3D2BR4
II » 4
570 A* ( 2 1 ) - " BU 1 F 1 R2E 1 U2H 1 L3U2R4B
D6BR3 " '5
580 A* ( 22 ) - " BU6BR3L 1 G2D3F 1 R2E 1 U 1
H1L3BD3BR7 " '6
590 A*(23)="BU6R4D1G4D1BR7" 9 7
600 A*(24)="BU1U1E1R2E1U1H1L2G1D
1 F 1 R2F 1 D 1 G 1 L2NH 1 BR6 11 '8
610 A*(25)="BR1R1E2U3H1L2G1D1F1R
3BD3BR3" '9
620 A* ( 26 ) - " BU6NG 1 D6L 1 R2BR2BU 1 U4
E1F1D4G1NH1" '10
630 A*(27)«"U1R1D1L1BU3U1R1D1L1B
D5E1U1BR6 " 'I
640 A*(29)»"BU2NR4BU2R4BD4BR3" '
164 the RAINBOW April, 1983
INTERNATIONAL SOFTWARE INC.
(604) 474 2271
771 HOCKLEY AVE, V I CTOR I A , B . C , V9B 2V5
TOP STIX, IS A JOYSTICK INTERFACE FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER , XT WILL ALLOW YOU TO
USE THE FAMOUS ATARI JOYSTICK AND EVEN DATASOFT's LESTICK, THE TOP STIX WORKS
ON MOST PROGRAMS BUT NOT ALL, GET THE FEEL OF ARCADE FUN ORDER YOURS NOW
$29. 95
TO ORDER SEND CHEQUE OR MONEY
ORDER, VISA NO#,AND EXP DATE
TO ADDRESS ABOVE, PLEASE ALLOW
2 TO 3 WEEKS FOR DELIVERY,
CATALOGUE WITH EVERY ORDER
GHOST GOBBLER
$27.95
DEFENSE
$27.95
ROBOT BATTLE
$27. 95
Please allow 2-3
weeks for delivery
NO C.O.D. ORDERS
PLANET INVASION
$27. 95
SPACE RACE
$27. 95
CCTHELLO
$22 . 95
PIRATES AHOY
$11 . 95
ESCAPE FROM PRISON CITY
$10.95
— _ _ _ -COUPON — — — ■
MAIL ORDER ONLY PLEASE
20% OFF
any order over $30.00
Include this coupon with your order
to get this special offer.
I
U7VI rppf
■ t
GALAX ATT AX
$27 . 95
U _ — — — - COUPON
CANADIANS ORDER IN CANADA AND SAVE. WAIL ORDER OR VISIT THE DEALER NEAREST YOU, ALL PRICES IN CANADIAN FUNDS
DEALERS ON VANCOUVER ISLAND:
IN SIDNEY: SIDNEY RADIO SHACK LTD. IN VICTORIA: EXCALIBUR SYSTEMS LTD. IN SQQKE: SOOKE RADIO SHACK LTD.
IN LADYSMITH: LADYSMITH RADIO SHACK LTD. IN PARKSVILLE: PARKSVILLE RADIO SHACK LTD. IN COURTENAY; COURTENAY RADIO SHACK.
IN CAMPBELL RIVER: CAMPBELL RIVER RADIO SHACK LTD. IN PORT HARDY: PORT HARDY RADIO SHACK LTD.
HELP
WANTED
Dragon Slayers, Space Pilots, Witch
Doctors, Maze Makers, Professors
and other creative programmers.
We Want You!
Your original Color Computer Soft-
ware program is worth money and we
want to discuss it with you. . .
Earn Top Buck!
Mark Data Products
24001 ALICIA PKWY., NO. 226
MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691
(714) 768-1551
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COMPUTERS
Growing Company with lots o$'
1
650 A*(31)«"BR1R1BU2E2U1H1L2G1BD
5BR7" ' ?
660 GOTO680
670 FORX1-1TO LEN(X*) : Y1=ASC(MID
*(X*, XI, 1 ) ) -32: DRAW" X A* (Yl ) I " : NE
XT: RETURN
680 PMODE 1,1: PCLS2 : DRAW " BM36 , 52 *
S16C1 " : X*»" COLOR" : GOSUB670: DRAW"
BM40 , 52 % C3 " : GOSUB670 : DRAW " BM72 , 1
1 2 ; C 1 11 : X*= " POKER " : GOSUB670 : DRAW "
BM76 , 1 1 2 ; C3 " : GOSUB670
690 ' CREATE DECK
700 Z«0:DIMCS(52) ,CV(52) ,DD<52) ,
C<12) ,H<12) ,S<12) ,D<12)
710 F0RX-1T04 * 1«CLUB,2«SPADE, 3-
HEART , 4«D I AMOND
720 F0RY-1T013: z«z+i:cs<z)=x:cv<
z>-y:nexty, x
730 9 CREATE SYMBOLS
740 DRAWBM68, 156; S8C3R1U1R1D1R2
U2L1U1R1U1R3D1R1D1L1D2R2U1R1D1R1
D3L1D1L1U1L3D2L1U2L3D1L1U1L1U3"
750 PAINT (80, 152) ,3, 3: GET (68, 148
>-<91, 167) ,C,G
760 DRAW 11 BM 100, 1 56 J C4BR 1R1U1R1U1
R1U1R1U1D1R1D1R1D1R1D1R1D1L1D1L1
D1L1D1L1D1U1L1U1L1U1L1U1L1U1"
770 PAINT (114, 156) ,4, 4: GET (100, 1
48)-(123, 167) ,D,G
780 DRAWBM132, 156; C3BR 1R1U1R1U1
R1U1R1U1R1D1R1D1R1D1R1D1R1D2L1D1
L1U1L2D3L1U3L2D1L1U1L1U2"
790 PAINT(146, 156) , 3, 3: GET ( 132, 1
48)-(155, 167) ,S,G
800 DRAW "BM 164, 156 J C4BR1U2R1U1R1
U1D1R1D1R3U1R1U1D1R1D1R1D2L1D2L1
D1L1D1L1D1L1U1L1U1L1U1L1U2L1"
810 PAINT(170, 152) , 4, 4: GET ( 164, 1
48)-(187, 167) ,H,G
820 SCREEN 1,0: FOR X=1TO3000: NEXT
830 7 ODDS DISPLAY
840 PRINTSTRING*(8, "*") "C0C0 CAS
INO ODDS "STRING* (8, "*") "
850 DATA 1 ONE-PAIR, 2 TWO-PA
IR,3 THREE-OF- A-K I ND , 4 STRAI
GHT , 6 FLUSH , 9 FULL-HOUSE , 25
FOUR-OF- A-K I ND , 50 STRA I GHT-FLU
SH,250 ROYAL-FLUSH
860 FORX=5TO10:READA*(X) :printmi
D*(A*(X) ,4) ; TAB (24) VAL(A*(X> ) "TO
1 " : NEXT : F0RX=27T028: READA* ( X ) : P
RINTMID*(A*(X) ,4) ; TAB (23) VAL ( A* (
X) ) "TO i m :next:reada*(29) :printm
ID* (A* (29) ,4) TAB (22) VAL(A*(29> > "
TO 1"
870 PRINTG416, "YOUR INITIAL BANK
ROLL IS *1000! ! ":TT-1000:PRINT@4
80, "READY?" I
880 IF INKEY*«""THEN880 ELSE CLS
890 * START PLAY
900 C0L0R2, l:PCLS:BT=INT(100*10^
(-(TT>20000) >*RND(10> ) :BT*=MID*(
STR*(BT) ,2) :DRAW"BM20,20;C4": X*=
"Your bet is *"+BT*+" ! " : GOSUB670
910 DRAW " BM20, 40" :X*=" GOOD LUCK,
PAL ! ! ! " : GOSUB670: SCREEN 1 , 0
920 ' CLEAR DECK
930 FOR X=1TO52:DD(X)=0:NEXT
940 F0RX=1T05
950 GOSUB1010
960 Y=12+48*(X-1) : Y*»STR*(Y)
970 DRAW " BM " + Y*+ " , 62 ; C2 " : X*=CHR*
(X+48) :GOSUB670
980 GOSUB 1140: GOSUB 1 020
990 NEXT: GOTOl 150
1000 * DEAL
1010 Z-RND(52):IF DD(Z)=1THEN101
0ELSECD ( X ) =Z : DD ( Z ) = 1 : RETURN
1020 ' CARD GRAPHICS
1030 IF CS(Z)-1 OR CS(Z)-2 THEN
CC*»"3" ELSE CC*«"4"
1040 IF CV(Z)>1 AND CV(Z)<11 THE
N X*«CHR*(CV(Z)+48)
1050 IFCV(Z)«1THENX*«"A"
1 060 I FC V ( Z ) - 1 1 THEN X " J " ELSE I FC
V ( Z ) «12THENX*-"Q"ELSEIFCV ( Z ) -13T
HENX*-"K"
1 070 DRAW " BM " +STR* ( Y+4 ) + " , 84 ; S8C
"+CC*:GOSUB670
166 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Your largest single source of programs and products for the COLOR COMPUTER / TDP 100
64K TDP SALE:
Extended Color BASIC TDP System 1 00 computers —
Full factory packs, with joysticks and manuals!
64K for $41 9, 1 6K for $369!
ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE
STARTER SET
CCEAD (Eigen Systems)
This widely acclaimed program may be
the best software buy on the market. A
two-pass assembler supporting the full
6809 instruction set and addressing
modes.
COLOR MONITOR (Tom Mix)
Powerful monitor written in position-
independent-code. Break pointing of ML
programs, register display and modify,
memory display and modify, etc.
Buy them both for only $29.95,
and get 6 C-10 data cassettes
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if you order now!
□ We are dealers for:
□ AMDEK
□ B5
□ CHROMATIC
SOFTWARE
□ COGNITEC
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ENGINEERING
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SKYLINE
64K Memory
Upgrade Kits
Phone orders
may be placed at:
(312) 260-0929
(Our voice line),
or through our
Color Computer
Bulletin Board
Service:
(31 2) 260-0640
(METROWEST BBS)
Mail orders
and requests for catalogs
should be sent to:
SOFT CITY
442 Sunnyside
Wheaton, II
60187
BASIC AID (Eigen Systems)
Use it once, and you will never be without
it 1 A real time saver. Takes the drudgery
out of BASIC programming with its 2 key
command entry and user-definable keys.
Auto line numbering and moves.
STRIPPER (Eigen Systems)
Take the fat out of your programs. Spaces
and REMarks are removed to let your new
or existing programs run fast.
QUICKSORT (Skyline)
A machine language sort routine that can
be easily used in your programs. BASIC
sorts that take hours can be done in
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Buy BASIC AID and STRIPPER
for $42.90, and get QUICKSORT
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Order yours today!
ORDERING
INFORMATION
ALL ITEMS SHIPPED
FROM STOCK
1 080 DRAW " BM " +STR* < Y+24 ) + " , 1 30 " :
GOSUB670
1090 ON CS(Z) GOTO 1100,1110,112
0, 1130
1100 PUT(Y+8,92)-(Y+31, 111) ,C,PS
ET: RETURN
1110 PUT(Y+8,92)-(Y+31, 111) ,S,PS
ET: RETURN
1120 PUT<Y+8,92)-(Y+31, 111) ,H,PS
ET: RETURN
1130 PUT(Y+8,92)-(Y+31, 111) ,D,PS
ET: RETURN
1140 C0L0R2, l:LINE(Y,68)-<Y+39, 1
35 ) , PSET , BF : RETURN
1150 ' DISCARDS
1160 DRAWBM12, 160" : X*="Di scards
? " : sound 1 00 , 1 : gosub670
1170 forx=ito4:dc<x)=0:next: a=i
1180 K*=INKEY*:IF K$=CHR$ (13) THE
N 1240 ELSE IF K$=" 11 THEN 1 180ELSE
K=VAL<K*) : IFK<1 OR K>5 THEN 1180
1190 IF K*=CHR*<13)THEN1240
1200 IFA=5THEN1180
1210 F0RX-1T05 :IF DC(X)OK THEN
NEXT ELSE 1180
122^ DC(A)»K: A»A+1
12ZV LINE < 10+48* <K-1) ,48) -(52+48
*<K-i), 136) , PSET, B:GOT01 180
1240 DRAW 11 BM 12, 184" : X*="OK?" : SOU
ND100, l:GOSUP670
1 250 K*= I NKEY* : I FK*= " " THEN 1 250EL
SE I FK*= " Y " THEN 1 290ELSE I FK*< > " N " T
HEN 1250
1260 GOSUB1320
1 270 FORK= 1 T04 : I FDC < K ) THENGOSUB 1
310
1280 NEXT: GOTOl 160
1290 GOSUB1320: F0RK=1T04: IF DC(K
) THEN GOSUB 1310: X=DC < K ) : GOSUB 1 0
1 0 : Y= 1 2+48* < X- 1 ) : GOSUB 1 1 40 : GOSUB
1020
1300 NEXT: GOTO 1330
1310 LINE(10+48*<DC(K)-1) ,48)-<5
2+48*(DC(K)-l) , 136) , PRESET , B : RET
URN
1320 LINE<0, 140)-<255, 191) , PRESE
T,BF: RETURN
1330 * SCORING
1340 LINE<0, 0)-<255, 67) , PRESET, B
F
1350 DRAW"BM12,20": X*="How did y
ou do?":GOSUB670
1360 ' SORT
1370 F0RX»1T04:Z3»X:Z1=CV(CD(X) )
:FORY=X T05: Z2=CV(CD<Y) )
1380 IF Z2<Z1 THEN Z1=Z2:Z3=Y
1390 NEXTY:Z4=CD(X) :CD(X)=CD(Z3)
:CD(Z3)=Z4:NEXTX
1400 ' TEST STRAIGHT
1410 S=l : SA=0: F0RX=2T04: IF CV<CD
all-inone.
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* Everything you need is
at your fingertips
* Unique swivel base
NO ONE can match
these features and
Beat Our Prices!
9
• Woodgrain FORMICA FINISH
(water and stain resistant)
• Swivel base allows sharing of computer
Great for game playing and
multi-use work stations
• Storage areas with clamps in rear for
dressing cables neatly
• Cut out side allows ROM PACK insertion
• Comes fully assembled
~ Swivel Base &^ jm
V Model Available 24
for Terminal Use
another
Jcticc from
* Send check or money order to:
Shauntronics • P.O. Box 131 • Fairview, N.J. 07022
"ALL-IN-ONE" $34.95
SWIVEL BASE ONLY $24.95
SHIP TO:
add $5.75 each for Shipping & Handling
New Jersey residents add 6% sales tax
Name
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City
Zip
nn Co
_ Phone
Allow 4 to 6 weeks delivery
168
the RAINBOW April, 1983
(X) >+K>CV<CD<X + l> )THENS=0:GOTO1
440ELSENEXT
1420 IF CV(CD<1)>=1 AND CV<CD<5>
)=13 THEN SA=l: GOTO 1440
1430 IFCV (CD < 1 ) > +1< >CV (CD (2) ) THE
NS=0
1440 > TEST FLUSH
1450 FL=l:FOR X= 1T04: IFCS (CD ( X )
) < >CS ( CD ( X + 1 ) ) THENFL=0 : GOTO 1 460E
LSENEXT
1460 IFFL AND SA THEN X*=A*(29>:
GOTO 1630
1470 IFFL AND S THEN X*»A*(28):G
OTO1630
1480 ' TEST 3- OR 4-OF-A-KIND
1490 T(1)=0:T(2)=0:T(3)=0
1500 F0RX-1T03: IFCV (CD (X) )=CV(CD
(X + l) ) ANDCV(CD(X+2) >»CV(CD(X+1> >
THENT(X)=1
1510 NEXT
1520 IF(T(1) AND T (2) ANDFL=0) OR (
T ( 2 ) ANDT ( 3 ) ANDFL=0 ) THEN X*=A*<27
) : GOTO 1630
1530 IF(T(1) ANDCV(CD(4) )=CV(CD(5
) > ) OR (T (3) ANDCV (CD ( 1 ) ) =CV (CD (2) >
) THENX *= A* (10): GOTO 1 630
1540 IF FL THENX*=A*(9> :GOTO1630
1550 IF S THEN X*»A* (8) : GOTO1630
1560 IFT(1)0RT(2)0RT(3)THENX*=A*
(7>:GOTO1630
1570 ' TEST PAIRS
1580 PP=0:FORX=1TO4: IFCV(CD(X) >=
CV(CD(X+1) )THENPP=PP+1
1590 NEXT: IF PP=0 THEN 1620
1600 IF PP=2 THEN X*=A* (6) : GOTOl
630
1610 X*=A*(5> :GOTO1630
1620 IFRND<2)=1THENX*="-1 YOU H
AVE NOTHING"ELSEX*="-l WORTHLES
S CARDS"
1630 9 TALLY
1640 OD»VAL(X*) : X*=MID*<X*,4>+" !
ii
1650 DRAW"BM12,50":GOSUB670
1660 DRAW"BM12, 160": IF OD>0 THEN
X*» " YOU WON " : SC=BT* ( OD- 1 ) : TT=T
T+SC: F0RX=1T05: SOUND50, 1 : SOUND 15
0,1: NEXT ELSEX*="YOU LOST " : SC=
bt: tt=tt-bt: sound50, 5
1670 sc*="* u +mid* <str* (so , 2) : x*
=X*+SC*+" ! ": IF OD=l THEN X*="EVE
N MONEY ! "
1 680 GOSUB670 : TT*=M I D* ( STR* ( TT ) ,
2)
1690 DRAW " BM 16, 1 84 " : IF TT<0 THEN
X*="You owe • " ELSE X*="You hav
e *"
1700 X*=X*+TT*+" ! ":GOSUB670
1710 I F I NKEY$= " " THEN 1 7 1 0ELSE890
30000 PCLEAR2:GOTO20 ^
i
ARK
ROYAL
GAMES
P.O. Sox 14306
Jacksonville, FL 32233
Prices on All garnes
include shipping. Florida
Resident add 5% tax.
All Programs require Color
ComPuter™ (Tandy Corp) or
TDP System 100 ComPuter™
(RCA) '
KAMIKAZE 32K EXT — Fight off Takijiro Onishi's Kamikazes, find and destroy
his suicide fleet before it finds you. Hi/res action graphics include; radar, search,
mapscreen, fighter vs fighter, torpedo & divebomber, bomber vs ship, Kamikaze
attack, and more. Hit table, repair, ready planes, target data, ship vs ship, Joystick
option. 4 Levels.
RAINBOW
Cassette 7f. . $24.95
KAMIKAZE I6K EXT — Not as extensive as its big brother but with enough
'boardgame' strategy to make it more than another shoot-em-up, Using your 12
ships and 68 fighters, search & destroy Kamikazes. Joystick option, play levels.
Cassette , $19.95
ACROSS THE RUBICON I6K EXT or NON EXT — The popular WWII
wargame. Break thru the Huertgen Forrest using infantry, heavy and light tanks, air
& artillery strikes Paratroops. Graphics, terrain modifiers, unit designators and 5
minute conversion instructions for I6K NON EXT. State system when ordering.
Cassette • $19.95
From STRICTLY COLOR SOFTWARE
MISSION EMPIRE! A strategic wargame/strategy game. Starting with one
planet, incomplete intelligence and limited resources, you must conquer tie rest of
your galaxy. Play takes 2-5 hours and is DIFFERENT EVERY TIME! All versions of-
fer GAME SAVE option. Specify 32K disc or I6K-The 32K versions require Extend-
ed Basic, the 1 6K does not. The disc version is shipped on a cassette with instruc-
tions for transferring to disk. If you want disc, add $3.00. /f^\
RAINBOW
Cassette T. . . $19.95
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 169
DRAGON'S BYTE
Keeping
The Loathsome
In Line
(Better Monster Management)
By Bill Nolan
Rainbow Contributing Editor
I was looking through my local game shop the other day,
and I couldn't help but notice that there are at least 20
different fantasy games being sold. While they have their
differences, there are similiarities between them. In general,
they are all horribly complex, badly written, and fun to play.
The fantasy gaming genre is such a good idea that it rises like
a Phoenix from the ashes of confusion and contradiction. I
am truly amazed that anyone ever learns to play these
games. One of the most popular has five (yes, five — count
them) large, hard-cover books of rules, and fully two of
these books are devoted to monsters!
With all of these monsters, it's no wonder I can never
remember any specifics about a certain one. How many
times does it attack? How much damage can it do? How
tough is its skin? How fast (or common, or large, or smart) is
it? Look it up — that's what I have to do.
The other day it came to me in a vision that I had a
computer, and that it could be possible to keep track of one
or two hundred monsters, somehow, inside the computer's
capacious memory banks. ( I hope their claws don't catch on
the wires!) It seems to me that if the phone company can
keep track of everyone in the world on their computer, I
should be able to handle a few dragons and such on mine.
As I thought about this, I came up with a list of require-
ments for the program:
1) It had to be simple enough for me to understand;
2) It had to be easy to add monsters; and
3) It had to be able to sort the monsters by any criteria I
wanted.
Number one was automatic — if I wrote it it would have to
be simple enough for me to understand. Number two could
be solved by putting each monster in its own DA TA line. In
this way, new monsters could be added by simply adding
another DATA line to the end of the program.
Number three was a little more complex. Before I could
solve this one, I had to decide what information I would
store about each monster. I came up with the following:
name, size, hit dice, armor class, number of attacks, damage
per attack, special attacks, special defenses, magic resist-
ance, intelligence, and alignment. That was II things all
together, and what I wanted was a program that would call
up a monster by name, or would call up — one after the
other — all large monsters, or all small, or all with six hit
dice, or all with poison, or all with armor class lower than
two, or . . . well, you get the idea.
At this point I could see that the program itself was going
to be fairly short. Most of the space was going to be for
DA TA. To accomplish the above goals, I needed to be able
to search the DA TA on any one of the 1 1 criteria, and print
any matches to either the screen or printer (or both). This
record-keeping was starting'to look easy, and 1 began to see
how even the phone company could do it. I would need a
menu asking the menu which criteria they wanted to search,
and then, depending on their choice, I would have to get the
target values. If you are new to searches, let me explain
about targets. Suppose 1 have a mailing list, and I want to
print out all the people named Smith. Smith becomes the
target, and I go through the list one record at a time and
compare the last name of the person to the Target. If the
person's name happens to be Smith, then the search string
will match the target, and the computer will do whatever you
told it to do when this happend.
I wanted to be able to search for not only a specific target,
but also for a specified range, and that was the hard part,
since some of my targets would be strings and others would
be numbers. I decided that the easiest way to do this would
be to have two completely separate search sections. Next
month I will give you the complete program.
This type of program is very flexible. If you don't like
monsters, you could use it to keep track of a mailing list, or a
collection, or most any kind of information. This kind of a
program is called a data base, and I will tell you how to
modify this one for various uses. Keeping the data in DA TA
lines is not the best way to handle a data base, but it is easy to
use and understand, and you can switch to another system as
your needs become more sophisticated.
As usual, let me know right away if I forgot anything
important. I look forward to seeing many of you in Chicago
at Rainbowfest.
. ^
170 the RAINBOW April, 1983
"WANNA FIND OUT
WHAT FUN REALLY IS?"
THE Kl ND OF EXCITEMENT YOU GET OUT OF YOUR SYSTEM DEPENDS ON
WHAT GAMES YOU PUT I NTO IT.
If You Want to Find Out What it's Like to Use your Computer to its Fullest....Then These are the Games
You'll Need! for your trs-so color computer
DunkeyMunkey
32K EXTENDED BASIC NOT REQUIRED
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
ON THIS SCREEN:
Pop the Rivets and Fight Fires
ON THIS SCREEN:
Jump Barrels and Ride the Elevator
We're sure you already know
the rules to this game' As game
progresses so does the diffi-
culty level.
Cassette $24.95
Diskette $29.95
ULTRA-FAST MACHINE LANGUAGE ■ HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS ■ SPECTACULAR SOUND EFFECTS
STRRFIR€
16K EXTENDED BASIC NOT REQUIRED
Plays like popular arcade game
Defender™ including:
• Hyperspace
• Smart Bombs
• Radar Scanner
Cassette $21.95
Diskette $26.95
IntEllEC trnnics
22 Churchill Lane
Smithtown, N.Y. 11787
(516) 543-6642
Ltd
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
Give your Color Computer
a New Image!
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
SCREEN - 64
64 Characters X 32 Lines
Upper & Lower Case
16K EXTENDED BASIC NOT REQUIRED
1. Load in SCREEN-64
2. Type EXEC
3. You're Back in BASIC with a 64 x 32
Screen plus....
FEATURES:
• Slow/Fast Scroll Selectable
• Window Capabilities
• Text & Graphic on same screen
• Superscript/Subscript
• Reverse Screen/Reverse Video
• No Hardware Modification Needed
Cassette $19.95
Diskette $24.95
We pay all shipping. All orders shipped in
24 hours. N.Y. residents please add sales
tax. Canadian orders please send M.O. in
U.S. funds only.
PRINT #-2,
of programs by others are allowed.
We expect the simulation contest will be a lot of fun. The
top winning programs will be published in the Rainbow.
Other winners may be included in a book.
And speaking of books, we plan to announce shortly the
publication of our first book, the Rainbow Adventure
Book. It will contain all the winning Adventures from our
recent contest. This is in response to requests from many of
you for a compilation of all the winning programs from our
recent contest.
In the way of finally, I have received a couple of letters in
recent weeks asking whether we plan to have a reader service
card available in the Rainbow. My initial reaction is "no."
And the reasons why are simple:
First of all, readerservice is slow. If you are interested in a
product, you are interested in it now, not six weeks from
now. In fact, reader service — to my mind, anyway — is more
a service to a publication than to the readers (or the
advertisers). Let's face it, a lot of people who really aren't
very interested in a product will check a reader service card.
But, it does make the magazine look good to the advertiser
to deliver a lot of names and addresses.
No matter if it takes four to five weeks to deliver those
names. And, while that does notservethereaderparticularly
well, it does serve the magazine. I think it is self-serving.
But it is also expensive. And that is the other reason we
have not offered reader service cards.
First, it is expensive for the magazine to print such cards,
and to operate the reader service system — especially when it
is contracted to an outside firm, as most are. Who pays for
that? Not the magazine. And not the advertiser. You do.
Through increased prices for products.
In addition to that direct expense, the advertiser then
must mail something to everyone who fills out a reader
service card. And, remember, that message arrives five to six
weeks after the person has expressed an interest.
We get reader service from several of the publications in
which we advertise the Rainbow. First of all, response is low
(if someone is interested, he or she will usually write direct).
Second of all, we see a great deal of repitition — the same
persons checking the cards over and over again. And third,
we see evidence a great number of people check every single
entry on the card.
In sum, we think the reader service card is a slow way to
request information; that it drives up the price of products;
and that it is often used more as an advertising selling tool
than as a service to readers.
But, maybe we're all wet. As always, if you — our readers —
think a reader service card is that important, then we will
certainly consider instituting one. I would, as always,
welcome your input into the issue.
— Lonnie Falk
| RAIN BO Wfest
\ Chicago April 22-24
Hackers ' Helper . . .
Canadian Offset
Edgar Poulin, of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, offers a
method of using an offset in loading machine language
programs to disk if this is to be different from the SA VEM
location. "Instead of calculating the offset, I let my 80C do
the hard work."
Ed's method:
A — If the new location is to be in higher memory than the
old.
LOADM "Filename", (new start address - old start
address)
Examples:
LO/4Z)A/"NAME", (&H7000-&H3C75)
LOADM "NAME", (28672-15477)
Both will work.
B — If the new location is to be lower in memory than the
new.
LOADM "Filename", (new start address - old start
address + 65536
LOADM "NAME", (&H3C75-&H7000) + 65536
LOADM "NAME", (15477-28672) + 65536
Again, both will work.
Use the last number in decimal as 80C will not recognize
&HI0000 (which is 65536). If anyone insists on only hex,
65536 can be replaced with &HFFFF + &H1.
Another little item Ed offers will interest those with a disk
system in merging and running two programs.
M ERGE"FILE NAME", R
"This command will merge the two programs together
and automatically run them. It is great for header listings to
the printer," explains Ed, adding that "it is these little
unknowns that make the 80C a pleasure to work with."
Hint...
LISTEN UP
So, you've got an 10 error on the first save of your favorite
program, and you can't remember how far in the second
save is. What to do? Just keep typing CLOAD until the
second save finally comes up? Steve Lipps of Circle City
Software has a better idea. If you put a little space between
your saves, as many of us do, then you can listen for the
second save. Says Steve, "Just use A UDIO ON: MOTOR
ON and listen for the silent space. Then you can use
MOTOR OFF. Even faster than MOTOR OFFis to hit any
key and then ENTER, creating a syntax error which will
stop the recorder." Then CLOAD the second save.
Of course, this isn't something you want to do every time
you load the program, so use the tape recorder counter and
note where the first save ends. Now, with the "record" and
the "play" buttons down, start from the beginning of the
tape and use MOTOR CWuntil you reach the same spot and
stop by creating a quick syntax error. This will erase the
entire listing; it was bad anyway, right?
172 the RAINBOW April, 1983
r
PRICKLY- PEAR SOFTWARE
QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COCO & TDP-1 00
PROGRAMS REQUIRE 1 6K EXTENDED BASIC FOR TAPE, AND 32K DISK UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
DISK UTILITIES
The Disk Manager
If you use a disk drive you NEED this program! It does more
than any other disk utility. You can use it to rebuild a crashed
disk easily - two different ways. You can also print a SUPER
DIRECTORY for a disk that contains such information as
program size, which granules are used, and the start, end, and
execute addresses for machine language programs. It will
also print a menu on the screen for a disk in the drive, and
when you indicate your choice it will load and either RUN or
EXEC the program foryou asappropriate. In addition, itcodes
your files by DATE, and it codes your disks by NAME and
NUMBER. And, it creates and maintains a file of all your disks
(and the programs on them) which you can sort and print as
needed. You can sort a collection of up to 300 disks. Could
you use a printed list of EVERY program in your collection, in
alphabetical order? This list tells you which disk has the
program youneedsoyoucanfindit easily, andallthisisonly
the beginning. There are so many features we have no space
to mention them all. Both the 16K and 32K versions are
included, and we suggest you place a copy of the program on
every diskette for quick access. You will wonder how you got
along without this beauty!! Full, easy to follow instructions.
Requires a disk drive. $29.95
Monsters &
The most realistic fantasy role-playing game yet for the
Color Computer. You start out by rolling up your character's
basic ability scores and buying equipment. When you are
ready it's into the dungeon. Your character starts at first
level, but can rise in levels by garnering experience in the
fray. If you have role-played fantasy games you wi' 1 be
amazed at the realism of the combat system. Armor ( ss,
initiative, and damage by weapon type are all incl 1 3d,
with over 50 different monsters to fight - each with iff vn
abilities. As you rise in level you can win treasure an . id
magic weapons and spells - if you live!! You set the e
length by telling how many monsters you want to \ jht
before you reach your final battle to the death against the
powerful Dungeon Lord. There are 1 0004- place descrip-
tion combinations in this text based game, and real excite-
ment in every one! This is a fantasy simulation, and is truly
not like any adventure game you have ever seen. For 1
player; requires 32K extended BASIC. TAPE • $19.95,
DISK - $24.95
NEW THIS MONTH
The Disk Master
This helpful addition to your library performs a whole list of
great functions. We've seen programs selling for just as
much that do only one or two of these things, and the
whole thing is menu driven for ease of use. It provides a
speed check and adjustment function to get your drives
into perfect adjustment. It moves programs from tape to
disk — or disk to tape — or from one drive to another — all
effortlessly. It prints a directory — with machine language
addresses — to the screen or printer. It gives you two
different disk maps. One shows which sectors are used in
each gran, and the other shows which grans are available.
It even gives you a way to easily purge a number of files
from a crowded disk. Why buy a different program for
every function, when this does so much? Requires a disk
drive. $24.95
Your Personal check is welcome - no delay. Include
$1.50 shipping for each program ordered. (Shipping
free on $50.00 or larger orders). Az. residents add 6%
sales tax. Orders shipped within two days.
Astrology
Truly a classic, this program will accurately cast your
complete horoscope. You just enter the date, time, and
place of birth. The sun sign, rising sign, mid heaven (MC),
lunar nodes, and planetary influences including houses
and aspects between the planets will all be calculated, and
a full chart drawn. You can also do progressed charts and
transits. It will even tell you the day of the week you were
born. The accompanying book will help you interpret this
chart of your horoscope. The extent of the documentation
is tremendous, even by our exceptionally high standards,
and no previous knowledge of the subject is required. You
can share in this wisdom which has been used for thou-
sands of years in many cultures. This program was written
by a professional Astrologer. Please specify 1 6K or 32K
system. $34.95 tape — $39.95 disk
Stocked by Quality Dealers, or
Send Order To PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
9822 E. Stella Road
Tucson, Arizona 85730
(602) 886-1505
DISK UTILITY
Learning To Live With A
One Disk System
By Melvin Hefter
After working, with large and medium size computer
systems for many years, I know that one never configures a
computer system with only one disk drive. Even if the total
on-line storage capacity is not required, ease of disk backup
makes an extra drive worthwhile. With this knowledge in
hand, when I got my Color Computer I got it with only one
disk drive. I knew I could always expand later.
As I read through the disk manual, I saw that there was a
backup capability provided, even for single disk systems.
My disk backup problems were solved! I would just
routinely use this capability to protect myself. I had only a
few files on my first disk. I put in the command BACKUP 0
and was told to put in my source disk. A few whirls of the
disk and I was told to put in the destination disk. That
seemed fair enough. A few more whirls of the disk and it told
me again to put in the source disk. But wait a minute! I know
my 32K machine can hold all I had on that source disk at one
time. I dutifully complied, and complied, and complied for
six cycles. Then it became obvious that the BACKUP
command must be doing a physical copy; that is, copyingall
parts of the disk whether used or not, as opposed to a logical
copy of just the used areas. The physical copy is a valuable
capability for disks which may be used in a nonstandard
manner, but I would have liked to have had the other option
for my few files.
Being human and recognizing that my disk drive was
quite reliable, I soon got out of the habit of routinely
backing up my disks as often as I should. And then, of
course, I had my first disk I/O error. Not only could I not get
the file I wanted, I could not list the disk contents with the
DIR command. I licked my wounds and went back to my
now too-old backup disk and started to redo what I lost.
I soon found out that when disk I/O errors occur they
tend to come in bunches. I got the connection, turned off my
computer, disconnected all of the connections, reconnected
them, and my problems went away. Not only did I find that
most of my disk problems were connector related, I also
found that when I had a problem, it almost always resulted
in the disk directory being damaged and the total disk
content becoming inaccessible.
Time to go back to the disk manual for some serious
study. I found that the control and index information is
contained in track 17 of the disk. I also found that only
sectors 2-1 1 (out of a total of 18 sectors) were used for the
needed information and that the rest of the sectors were
reserved for future use. But I figured that while I was waiting
for that future use I might get some benefit from those
unused sectors now. Why not duplicate the directory
information in those unused sectors so they can be reclaimed
if the real directory information becomes unreadable?
Sector 2 of track 17 contains a file allocation table
showing which granules on the disk are used and how they
are related to each other. I could duplicate this in unused
sector I. The other nine sectors (3-11) contain such
information as the file name and type. 1 have only seven
sectors of track 17 available (12-18) so two sectors will go
unduplicated. Actually, this is not a problem since all nine
sectors of directory information would be used only with a
full disk and no files taking up more than one granule. The
56 files which can be kept in seven sectors have been plenty
I generally use the VERIFY ON command so that I know
when I have a problem as soon as possible. The program I
use for duplicating and restoring the needed directory
information is a simple one that I run in a few seconds
whenever I add a file to my disk or make any significant
changes. A RUN command duplicates the information.
When I have a problem and the DI R command results in an
I/O error, a RUN 100 command will restore the directory to
its configuration during the last run of this program. If the
D/R works OK, do not use this recovery procedure. Just
accept the loss of one file. I keep a copy of this program on
each of my disks so that it is easily available for running and
always conveniently available when I have a problem.
This procedure is not perfect and will not guarantee total
recovery of all data. If a file has been changed since the last
run of the program, you may lose the last few lines or end up
with garbage at the end. If you have a bad sector in the data
file, that file may be unrecoverable, but the rest of the disk
will be accessible. If you actually have a bad spot on the disk
on the directory track, as opposed to just a bad disk write, it
may not work. I also supplement this procedure with some
common sense precautions like storing important files on
more than one disk, treating the disks with the kind of gentle
treatment they do require, keeping my connections clean,
and using the BACKUP command to produce total
duplicates of disks I cannot afford to lose.
1 have found that an imperfect procedure used frequently
is better than a perfect procedure that I do not use!
( Mr. Hefter ispresident of Custom Software Engineer-
ing of Cocoa Beach, Florida.) / ^
—
EPROM PROGRAMMER 1K-16K X Q
PLUGS INTO CAR. SLOT OF THE 80C <16K). PROGRAM (ML)
ON CASS. CONTAINS: £RASED~>-PROGRAM-VERI FY -MOVE ROM-
RAM-EXAM /CHANGE MEM. COMES WITH 5~P.M.'S FOR 1 -8K
EPROMS IN THE 25/2700 SERIES <5V ONLY) $85. OTHER
P.M. 'S AVAILABLE FOR 1 6K AND 68700 SERIES FOR t5 EA.
EPROM ERASER FOR *85 HAS A 44-CHIP CAPACITY. SOON TO
BE RELEASED, A MONITOR THAT WILL TRACE/SINGLE STEP
RAM OR ROM' 1 ALSO AVAILABLE 28-24 PIN ADAPTERS FDR
USING 2764 OR 2564 EPROMS IN THE BASIC OR EX. BASIC
SOCKET 'S3. 50 / 2-*6 (SPECIFY TYPE). ALLOW 2-WEEKS
FOR PERSONAL CHECKS TO CLEAR BANK. ADD *2.50 FOR
POSTAGE .
INTRONICS P.O. BOX 13723
(913) 422-2094 EDWARDSV ILLE . KS. 66113
174 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Color Computer Power!
DATA FILE
$24.95
A unique, multipurpose data storage system. DATAFILE is a
sophisticated, non-formatted type database, with user-defined
categories. It performs string searches, deletes, sorts, merges
and prints in various formats. Using your disk drive, DATAFILE
works with files larger than available RAM. Save and load files
from tape or disks. Line edit, change or add data commands.
Numerically labels all records. Displays remaining memory
available. DATAFILE is ideal for mailing lists, cataloguing, sales
files, record systems, etc. Complete documentation, on-screen
help and a sample file are included.
DATAFILE 64k
$29.95
All the features of the above with much more memory space.
Ideal for small business applications. Documentation is avail-
able for $5. and is refundable with your order.
■
: i
: :
: :£ * ■
: ¥• ¥•■
¥■■
DISKPRO
$29.95
No more crashed disks! This program could be a lifesaver. DISKPRO
creates back-ups of your disk directory and allocation tables. Disk
crashes are easily restored with DISKPRO. Also included is INDEX, a
directory utility program. Both programs come on disk with complete
documentation.
¥• ■
: ¥■■«¥ ■:
:•■ •>
¥ ■¥:
A * •
S-4 :
-> ¥: :
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: ¥ ¥
Draw electronic circuits with our...
Electronics
Drafting Board
You can design wiring diagrams easily with our Electronics
Drafting Board. Create complex electronic plans, label com-
ponents, erase, etc. and then have a finished schematic from
your printer. Screen print routine and disk I/O included. Comes
with sample schematic file and excellant documentation. Elec-
tronics Drafting Board is fun to use and will save you hours of
work.
*6 viewing windows on a 480X540 pixel work sheet* Joystick or
arrow-key control*Text labels components on screen*AII elec-
tronic symbols*Complete documentation with onscreen help-
'Prints finished schematic to any Epson MX (with Graftrax) or
Radio Shack printer*Disk save/load.
Requirements: 64K Color Computer with Extended Basic, disk
drive and (optional) printer. $39.95 includes operating manual,
program on disk, postage & handling.
•*i.¥ : -
PAINTPOT
Bring out the artist in you and your family! With PAINTPOT you can create fast, effortless sketches and
drawings. PAINTPOTgives you joystickor keyboard control on 4screens.(3screenson 1 6K)Thereare4
cans of paint to play with! A touch of a key starts animation effects flashing from screen to screen.
Your works of art can be saved or loaded from cassette or disk and, with our Screen Print Program (see
below) you can have a hard copy on your printer. PAINTPOT comes with complete documentation and a
help screen is available. Great fun for kids and creative adults!
$24.95 on cassette, $29.95 on disk. Both 16 & 32K on the same tape/disk. Extended Basic required.
¥ ¥¥■¥■
¥ ¥ &
¥; « ¥
:¥>:¥ ' ¥
■¥
$14.95
SCREEN PRINT
Foruse with Epson MX-80/100 printers. Threeorintformats, all versionsof Basic, PMODES0,2,3&4. Normalor negative image.
Complete documentation. Many useful features!
TTD $14.95 DTT $14.95
Transfer your programs to disk or tape effortlessly. Allows you to individually select or mass copy programs.
SPIDER ATTACK $14.95
Shoot-em up action! Try to stop our invading spiders with your joy-stick controlled laser gun. Watch out you don't get eaten!
MILLBORN $14.95
Like to play cards? From France we bring you this popular card game for COCO. Lots of fun!
BEETHOVEN'S FIFTH $14.95
WILLIAM TELL OVERTURE $14.95
You really won't believe the incredible music coming from your Color Computer! "It is without a doubt the best example of computer music I've ever heard." (Color Computer News
magazine) Now you can enjoy these high quality machine language programs at an affordable price. Specify Beethoven or William Teil when ordering. Two versions, 16 & 32K
available on the same tape or disk.
BLACKBOX
$69.96 each $125.00 for two
Transmit your programs, machine language, basic or files over the phone. And you don't need a modem! Switch on BLACKBOX and when you load or save a program, you
automatically have a copy at a friend's house. Two BLACKBOX's are needed, one for each end of the connection.
STARS
$19.95
Educational and entertaining. STARS creates a dome of the night sky on your TV. Constellations, stars and other naked eye objects are drawn using Extended Resolution graphics.
Horizon views show planet positions after sunset. Detailed documentation.
COLORSHOW $14.95
Music, Color and your COCO! Just load in COLORSHOW, connect the small recorder plug to your stereo (or simply put a musical tape in your computer's tape recorder) and watch the
fun. Having a party? Turn off the room lights and turn up the music.
Add $1 .50 postage on each software. Programs available on disk for $5. extra. We pay high royalties to software authors. For more information on this or any
of our products, write!
Dept. T, 4653 Jeanne Mance St.,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2V 4J5
J
■
Super "Color" Library 7
For the TRS-80 Color and TDP System 100 Personal Computers
No matter what kind of problem you are trying to solve with the
Color Computer, there is a program in the ever-expanding
integrated, Super "Color" Library that will give you the solution;
Faster, Better, Smartert
Every Library program features MEMORY-SENSE to
determine your computer's memory, from l6to64K, and adjusts
automatically to maximize work space. Afl programs, except the
Super "Color 19 Spelter and Super "Color" Disk-ZAP. feature a true
lowercase display with below line descenders. Each program has
been written specifically for the Color Computer in fast machine
code to be totally compatible for optimum performance —
Something a motley assortment of programs from diverse
sources or a passel of overpriced, wailet-FLEXing software from
a bygone era simply can not achieve.
The Super "Color" Library has aJI the power, speed,
dependability and compatibility you will ever need so build your
library a volume at a time or put the full power of the complete
library of problem solvers to work right away.
^ _ NEW —
fc/VVC) Super "Color" Writer II
TM
The Super "Color" Writer 1 1 is for t hose who desi re the best. J t is
the most powerful, fastest, most dependable and versatile word
processor available for the Color Computer, from 16 to 64K. The
Super "Color" Wriler II has features for the most demanding
professional, yet it is easy enough for newcomers to master
Of course the Super "Color" Writer II has all the features you
would expect from the highest quality word processor, such as a
clear, crisp and readable professional display with yourchoiceof
display colors, 9 display formats; standard 32x16 & 51-64-85x21
&24 with real lowercase descenders: full 4^way cursor control,
sophisticated edit commands, the ability to edit any BASIC
program or ASCII textfile. seven delete functions, locate and
change, wild card locate, a reai block move A copy, word wrap-
around, programmable tabs, display memory used and left, non-
breakable space, multiple headers and footers, dynamic text
formatting, comprehensive format parameters, use with ANY
printer at any baud rate from 1 1 0 to 9600 baud, automatic justifi-
cation, automatic pagination, automatic centering, automatic
flush right, underlining, superscripts, subscripts, pause print,
single-sheet pause, optionally print comments, append text files,
available in a BOMPAK cartridge for maximum work space, but
that's only half of the story No other program can even begin to
compare in features with the Super "Color" 1 Writer II.
VERSION 3.0 By Tim Nelson
THE INTELLIGENT WORD PROCESSOR
.sewhodesire the best ..it is Check These Exclusive Features
l tl jH pi K I n nn i h n irn t t h lidin rj-4
MEMORY-SENSE adjusts to computer's memory (16-64K) for
maximum work space; TYPE-AHEAD. TYPAMATIC KEY
REPEAT and KEY BEEP for the pros; 3 PROGRAMMABLE
FUNCTIONS: AUTO PHRASE INSERT; COLUMN CREATION;
TEXT FILE LINKING; HELP MENU; A TRUE EDITING WINDOW
IN ALL 9 DISPLAY MODES: TRUE FORMAT WINDOW to
display line lengths up to 255 characters, with horizontal and
vertical scrolling to replicate the printed page including centered
lines, headers, footers, page breaks, page numbers, margins,
giving a perfect printed document every time. Also makes
hyphenation a snap; TRUE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION for
neat, even left and right hand margins; Ability to use
CHARACTER CODES for printing special characters available
with your printer; freedom to embed as many PRINTER
CONTROL CODES as desired anywhere in the text, EVEN
WITHIN JUSTIFIED TEXT; 90-plus page tutorial manual.
ADDITIONAL DISK FEATURES: Read a directory. Display free
granules, Save with Automatic Verification. Load and Append
ASCII files, and BASIC programs, Kill files, and Link files from
disk for continuous printing 54K bytes of workspace available
with a 64 K system. Only the best offers all of these features.
TAPE $69.95 ROMPAK $89,95 DISK S99.95
Tutorial only 115.00 (Reiundable wllh purchase)
Tape & Disk require 32 K lor lowercase display
Previous Super "Color" Wilier IE owners call tor upgrade policy
Super "Color" Mailer ™
By Tim Nelson
The Super 'Color" Mailer is a powerful multi-purpose mailing
list merging and sorting program including lowercase display
that uses files created by the Super "Color" Writer II. Combine
files, sort and print mailing lists, print "Boilerplate" documents,
automatically insert text in standardized forms H address
envelopes, the list is endless.
TAPE $39.95 DISK $59.95
Operators Manual only $10 00 (Refundable with purchase)
Super "Color" Speller™
V? — ^ By Peter A. Stark
The Super Xolor" Speller is a fast machine-code proofreading
program to correct Super "Color" Writer files Automatically
proofreads your documents against a 20,000 word stock
dictionary, plus your own customized dictionary and corrects
typos or marks them for special attention
AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY $69.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
NELSON SOFTWARE SYSTEMS 9072 Lyndale Avenue So., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55420 612/881-2777
1
32x1 6 & 51 -64-85x21 &24 Display -i /% CA\£
With Lowercase Descenders And I O Thru O^rlxToo!
/i r^W)Super "Color" Calc™ Super "Color" Terminal™
^eVf)Super "Color" Calc™
\|^_^/ ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET By Kevin Herrboldl
Now you can answer those "What if?" financial projection,
forecasting, budgeting, engineering and calculating questions
with precision, speed and power using the Super "Color" Calc,
truly the finest electronic worksheet and financial modeling
program available for the Color Computer, from 16 to 64K, Now
every Color Computer owner has access .to a calculating and
planning tool rivaling VisiCalc 1 ? containing ail its features and
commands and then some. You need only change one variable
and you instantly see how that change affects your assumptions
You can even use VisiCalc templates freely with Super "Color*'
Catcl Combine spread sheet tables with Super "Color 1 ' Writer II
documents to create ledgers, projections, statistical and
financial reports and budgets.
Features include; 9 display formats; standard 32x16 & 51-64-
85x21&24 with real lowercase descenders * MEMORY-SENSE to
adjust to computer's memory (16-64K) for maximum workspace;
Full-size 63x256 worksheet " Easy to use * HELP Menus to make
learning faster * Machine code speed and high precision ' Total
flexibility in calculating * Up to FOUR VIDEO DISPLAY
WINDOWS to compare and contrast results of changes * Sine
and Cosine functions, Averaging, Exponents, Algebraic
functions, and base 10 or 16 entry " Multi-layered Column and
Row Ascending and Descending sorts * Locate formulas or titles
in fields * Easy entry, replication and biock moving of frames "
Global or Local column width control up to 81 characters each '
Create titles of up to 255 characters * Typamatic Key Repeat *
Key beep " Type-ahead ' Print up to 132 column worksheet *
Prints at any baud rate from 1 10 to 9600 * Print formats savable
along with worksheet * Enter, control codes for customized
printing,
DISK FEATURES: Read a directory; Display free granules; Kill
files, Save with Automatic Verification; Load files; Append disk
files for complete worksheet printing, 54K bytes of worksheet
space available with a 64K system.
Tutorial and sample templates are supplied with the program.
ROMPAK $89.95 DI5K $99.95
Tutorial only S15.QQ (Refundable with purchase)
Disk requires 32 K lor lowercase display -
Super "Color" Disk-ZAP™ (
By Tim Nelson
Now the dreamed-of repair of I/O errors is a reality. The Super
"Color" Disk-ZAP'" is the ultimate repair utility for simple and
quick repair of ail repairable disk errors. Designed with the non-
programmer in mind, the Super Color Disk-ZAP " will let you
retrieve all types ot bashed files, including BASIC and Machine
Code programs.
This high-speed machine code disk utility has a special dual
cursor screen display to show HEXIDECIMAL and ASCII
displays simultaneously. You are able to; Verify or modify disk
sectors at will " Type right onto the disk to change unwanted
program names or prompts * Send sector contents to the printer
or any Other RS-232 device * Search the entire disk for any
grouping of characters " Copy sectors " Backup tracks or entire
disks * Repair directory tracks and smashed disks ' Full
prompting to help you every step of the way * 50-plus page
Operators Manual which helps you simply and quickly fix the vast
majority of disk errors, and teaches the rudiments of disk
structure and repair.
AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY $49.95
Operators Manual only $10,00 (Refundable with purchase)
NELSON
SOFTWARE
SYSTEMS
9072 Lyndale Avenue So. 612/681-3777
A Division ol Scltlaw Corporation Minneapolis, Minnesota 55420 U. S. A.
TRS-ao is a trademark of Tandy Corp. Visicalc is a trademark of VisiCorp.
WE TAKE THE COLOR COMPUTER SERIOUSLY.
AUTHORS 1 SUBMISSIONS ARE ENCOURAGED.
THE FINEST TERMINAL PROGRAM ANYWHERE!
Version 3.0 By Dan Nelson
The best has become even better, with many new features
including 9 display formats: 32x16 & 51-64-85x21&24 with real
lowercase descenders, plus compatibility with the 64 K Color
Computer, This user-friendly program makes communicating
with ANY computer a breeze even for a newcomer. Communicate
using your modem with all the popular information services such
as Dow Jones, Compuserve, The Source, and local BBS's, clubs,
friends, or the main-frame at work. You can aiso communicate
directly with other microcomputers, such as the TRS-80 l/l 1 1, II,
Other Color Computers. Apples. IBM PCs. etc., via RS-232
without using a modem, Save the information or PRINT IT 1
FEATURES: MEMORY-SENSE to adjust to computer's memory
{ 1 6-64K) for maximum work space; Selectively print data at baud
rates from 1 10 to 9600 * 54K of data storage with 64K disk system
128 character ASCII keyboard * Automatic graphics mode *
Word mode (word wrap) for unbroken words * Send & receive
Super "Color 1 ' Writer II, Dalabase fi Calc files. ASCII files,
Machine Language & BASJC programs " Set communications
baud rate from 110 to 9600. Duplex: Halt/Full/Echo. Word length:
5 6 7 or 8. Parity: Odd/Even or None, Stop Bits 1-9 + Local
linefeeds to screen * Save and load ASCII fifes, Machine Code &
BASIC programs " Unique CLONE feature for copying any tape L
Lower case masking * 10 Keystroke Multiplier (MACRO) bullers
to perform repetitive pre-entry log-on tasks and send short
messages * Programmable prompt or delay for send next line "
Selectable character trapping 1 Files compatible with other
Library programs,
ADDITIONAL DISK FEATURES: Works with up to four Disk
Drives; Call a directory. Pnni free space, Kill disk files. Save wilh
Automatic Verication and Load textfiles or BASIC programs;
Save and Load KSMS to the disk.
TAPE $49.95 ROMPAK $59.95 DISK $69.95
Operators Manual only Si 0.00 (Refundable wilh purchase)
Previous Super "Color" Terminal owners call lor upgrade policy.
^Super "Color" Database™
^/ By Dan Nelson
— ""i his high speed machine language program including (rue
lowercase displays fills all your information management needs,
be they for your business or home. Inventory, accounts, mailing,
lists, family histories, you name it. the Super ' Color" Database
will keep track of all your data
The Super "Color 11 Database features MEMORY-SENSE to
adjust to computer s memory (16-64K) for maximum work space
It is structured in a simple and easy to understand menu system
with full prompting for easy operation Your data is stored in
records of your own design, each divided into as many fields as
you need. All files are fully indexed for speed and efficiency Kill
sort of records is provided for easy listing of names, figures,
addresses, etc, in ascending or descending order. The math
package performs arithmetic operationsand updates other fields
which is especially useful when used as an order entry and
invoicing system You can create reports, or lists for mailings, or
whatever. Create files compatible with the Super "Color" Writer II
and Terminal. Up to five different print formats are available, and
controi codes may be imbedded for customized printing
AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY $79.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
For Orders ONLY Call Toll F ree
3S 1-800-328-2737 S
Customer service and product support call (612) 881-2777.
MAIL ORDERS: 53 U.S. Shipping {$4 CANADA, $\Q OVERSEAS)
Personal checks allow 3 weeks. ORDERS SHIPPED SAME DAY!
Available at Dealers everywhere.
If your Dealer is out of stock ORDER DIRECT!
TUTORIAL
16K
mmmm
RAINBOW
_7." «-L
Everything You Wanted To Know About Hex.
By Jim Schmidt
One of the more difficult concepts in the world of
computers is that old devil — Hex! The fact that most of us
were born with only ten fingers and toes seems to make
grasping the concept of another number base more difficult
than it should be. Over the years it has sometimes fallen to
me to instruct novices in programming on this subject. Most
professional programmers have their share of trouble with
Hex.
The program I offer here is a BASIC version of one I
wrote in COBOL several years ago. Basically, it allows the
confused to "play" with Hexadecimal numbers at whatever
pace is most comfortable. Coupled with independent
reading on number bases and Hex in particular, it lets the
concepts involved show themselves through
experimentation. It's about as painless a way as I've ever
found to investigate and learn about Hex. It can even be fun!
I suggest that in addition to running the "Hexerciser" that
the logic of the program, and especially the two conversion
commands, be studied. That, plus additional reading on the
subject, should eliminate any Hex "hex" that may plague
you.
For those of you who will be keying this program in, let
me first suggest that you take advantage of the bargain of the
century and subscribe to Rainbow on Tape. Now, while
you're waiting for your first tape, let me save you a little
trouble. The following lines are mostly cosmetic and can be
ignored:
Line 40
Lines 20000 through the end of the program
Have fun...
200
400
700
1000
1300
1500
1800
8000
17000
63005
END
01EE
0435
06BE
0986
0E06
1107
1503
18A5
1C27
1F4D
25EA
The listing:
10 ' HEXERCISER
20 ' COPYRIGHT (C) 1982 J.J. SCH
MIDT
30 ' ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
40 GOSUB20000
50 GOSUB 10000
100 CLS: PRINT"
I M A L"
H E X A D E C
110 PRINT
120 PR I NT " HEXADECIMAL OR 'HEX' A
S IT IS"
130 PR I NT " USUALLY CALLED IS A BA
SE 16"
140 PR I NT " NUMBER SYSTEM ADOPTED
BY MOST"
150 PR I NT "COMPUTER SYSTEMS AS A
HANDY WAY"
160 PR I NT " TO DEAL WITH THE ARCHI
TECTURE"
170 PR I NT "OF COMPUTERS THAT USE
THE 8 BIT"
180 PR I NT "BYTE AS A UNIT OF STOR
AGE. ": PRINT
190 PR I NT "THE BYTE HAS 8 BITS.
EACH BIT"
200 PR I NT "CAN HAVE A VALUE OF '0
» OR '1'"
210 PRINT" * 0*»*OFF* AND *l'-'ON'
■
220 PRINT" <ANY KEY>"
230 P*«INKEY*:IF P*«"" THEN 230
235 S0UND234,1
240 CLS : PR I NT "THE BYTE LOOKS LIK
178 the RAINBOW April, 1983
E this: ": PRINT
250 PRINT"P08-> 7 6 5 4 3 2
1 0"
260 PRINT"BIT-> X X X X X X
X X' 0
270 PR I NT " VAL— > 1 28—64—32— 1 6-8 — 4
— 2 — 1"
280 PRINT"
290 PR I NT "EACH X REPRESENTS A BI
T IN"
300 PR I NT "THE BYTE AND THEY ARE
NUMBERED"
310 PR I NT "FROM 0 TO 7 AND FROM R
IBHT TO"
320 PR I NT "LEFT. BY ADDING THE V
ALLIES"
330 PRINT"CF THE "ON* BITS, IT C
360 PR I NT "HOLD ANY VALUE FROM 0-
370 PRINT" <ANY KEY>"
380 P*-INKEY*:IF P*-"" THEN380
385 S0UND234, 1
390 CLS: PR I NT "HERE IS A DEMO OF
THIS. "
400 PRINT "ENTER ANY VALUE FROM 0
TO 255"
410 PRINT" AND I'LL SHOW YOU HOW
IT LOOKS"
420 PRINT" IN A BYTE."
430 INPUT" (0 TO 255) "| A
440 IF A<256 THEN 808UB 8000 EL8
E GOTO 430
445 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT
PRINT"POS-> 7 6 5 4 3 2
1 0"
PRINT"BIT-> X X X X X X
X X"
570 PR I NT" VAL- > 128-64-32- 16-8 — 4
— 2 — 1"
600 IF B<1)-1 THEN POKE 1318, 49E
LSE POKE 1318,48
610 IF B(2)-l THEN POKE 1321,49
ELSE POKE 1321,48
620 IF B(3)-l THEN POKE 1324,49
ELSE POKE 1324,48
630 IF B(4)-l THEN POKE 1327,49
ELSE POKE 1327,48
640 IF B<5)-1 THEN POKE 1330,49
ELSE POKE 1330,48
650 IF B(6)-l THEN POKE 1333,49
ELSE POKE 1333,48
660 IF B(7)-l THEN POKE 1336,49
ELSE POKE 1336,48
670 IF B(B)-1 THEN POKE 1339,49
ELSE POKE 1339,48
675 PR I NT "AGAIN???"
680 P*- I NKE Y* : I FP*- " " THEN680
685 I FP«< > " Y " ANDP*< >"N" THEN680
690 80UND234, 1
695 IFP*-"Y"THEN390
700 CLS : PR I NT "SO MUCH FOR THE BY
TE. "
710 PR I NT " ONWARD WITH HEX.":PRIN
T
720 PRINT" JUST AS A BYTE CAN CON
TAIN ANY"
730 PR I NT "VALUE FROM 0 TO 255 (2
56 VALUES) — DON'T FORGET 0 — "
740 PRINT"HEX NEEDS TO REPRESENT
16"
750 PR I NT "VALUES, I.E. 0 TO 15."
760 PRINT"SINCE DECIMAL HAS ONLY
10"
770 PR I NT "SYMBOLS FOR NUMBERS (0
-9) , "
780 PR I NT "HEX EXTENDED THE SYMBO
LS BY"
790 PRINT" ADDING A THRU F TO 0 T
HRU 9."
800 PRINT" <ANY KEY>"
810 P*-I NKE Y* : I FP*- " » THEN8 1 0
815 S0UND234, 1
820 CLS : PR I NT "HERE ARE THE SYMBO
LS: ": PRINT
830 PR I NT "HEX SYMBOL- > 0 12
3 4"
840 PR I NT " VALUE IS -> 0 1 2
3 4": PRINT
850 PR I NT "HEX SYMBOL -> 5 6 7
GRAND SLAM BRIDGE
SHARPEN UP YOUR BRIDGE GAME. COM-
PUTER BIDS YOUR PARTNER'S HAND AND
PLAYS THE OPPONENT'S HANDS. RAN-
DOM HANDS DEALT EACH TIME. CARDS,
TRICKS, BIDS, AND CONTRACT SHOWN
ON SCREEN.
32K
CASSETTE $19.95 ftr^
RAINBOW
8
STOCK OPTION STRATEGIES
$
DEVISE YOUR OWN STOCK OPTION STRAT-
EGIES. COVERED OPTIONS, STRADDLES,
CALLS, AND PUTS. % GAINS AND LOSSES
VS. FUTURE STOCK PRICES GRAPHED IN
COLOR. EASY TO USE, NO DATA BASE RE-
QUIRED, JUST ENTER FROM KEYBOARD.
MENU DRIVEN.
16K CASSETTE $1 4.95
RAINBOW
i ■*<««. i. *
11 «t
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
GREENTREE SOFTWARE
P.O. BOX 97
GREENWOOD, IN 46142
April, 1 983 the RAINBOW 1 79
8 9"
860 PRINT "VALUE IS -> 5 6 7
8 9": PRINT
870 PR I NT "HEX SYMBOL- > A B
C"
880 PR I NT "VALUE IS -> 10 11 1
2": PRINT
890 PR I NT "HEX SYMBOL -> D E
F"
900 PR I NT "VALUE IS -> 13 14 1
5": PRINT
1000 PRINT" <ANY KEY>
1010 P*-INKEY*: IFP*«""THEN1010
1015 S0UND234,1
1020 CLS: PR I NT "JUST AS ANY OTHER
•i
1030 PRINT" (10 OR 2 OR??) HEX CA
N BE"
1040 PR I NT " ADDED-SUBTR ACTED— MULT
IPLIED"
1050 PRINT "DIVIDED OR CONVERTED
TO "
1060 PR I NT "SOME OTHER NUMBER BAS
E. "
1070 PR I NT "USUALLY, ONLY ADD «c S
UB ARE"
1080 PR I NT "USED FOR MOST COMPUTE
R WORK. 11
1090 PR I NT "HOWEVER CONVERSION IS
POOR MAN'S
FLOPPY
HIGH SPEED CASSETTE SYSTEM
Mow for the TRS-80 Color Computer
The JPC PRODUCTS High Speed Cassette System, in operation
for over 4 years, is now available for all versions of the Radio
Shack® Color Computer.
• TC-8C — Plugs directly into the expansion port of your
TRS-80 Color Computer. It is fully compatible with all
versions of the Color Computer from the standard 4K to
the Extended 32K.
P\ST — Twice the speed of the Color Computer System.
RELIABLE — Less than one error in a million bits. -
SUPPORTS TWO DRIVES — Software selectable.
ALL FILE TYPES — BASIC, machine language, data.
MOTOR CONTROL — Two on-board relays.
EPROM OPERATING SYSTEM
SfttRE EPROM SOCKET — 27 1 6 or 2732 compatible.
OPTIONAL JBUG MONITOR — EPROM or Cassette
• 6809 Assembler • Memory modify and list
• 6809 Dis-assembler • Break point traps
ASSEMBLED and TESTED
TC-8C
SI 29.95 JBUG (EPROM)
JBUG (Cassette) .... S29.95
$34.95
TERMS:
Cash, Master Card or Visa
Shipping & Handling S3.50|US)
S5.50 (Canada) S J 5.00
(Foreign) Technical
Inquiries: Phone
5.00 - 6:00 PM MST
A MUST."
1100 PR I NT " ASSEMBLERS , MONITORS
AND OTHER 11
1110 PRINT"UTILITIES DISPLAY AND
USE HEX. 11
1120 PRINT "TWO HEX 'NUMBERS' CAN
REPRESENT"
1130 PRINT" ANY BIT COMBINATION T
HAT A BYTE"
1140 PR I NT "MAY HOLD. *00 - *FF
= 0 - 255."
1150 PRINT" <ANY KEY>"
1160 P*=INKEY*: IFP*=""THEN1160
1165 S0UND234,1
1170 CLS : PR I NT "HERE IS A DEMO OF
COUNTING"
1180 PRINT"IN HEX."
1182 PR I NT "PRESS 'P' TO PAUSE TH
E DISPLAY"
1183 PR I NT "PRESS 'R' TO RESUME"
1185 PRINT"PRESS 'X' TO EXIT"
1190 FOR I=0TO255
1200 PRINTS 195," — DEC —
HEX — ": PRINT
1205 B«»HEX«(I>
1210 PRINTG227," M JI
1212 PRINT@244,B*
1215 FOR II=1TO500:NEXT
1217 P*=INKEY*:IF P*="P" THEN GO
SUB 15000
1218 IF P*="X"THEN 1230
1220 NEXT
1230 CLS:PRINT"DID YOU NOTICE TH
AT WHEN"
1240 PRINT "THE RIGHT POSITION OF
THE HEX"
1250 PR I NT "NUMBER REACHED 'F' TH
AT A CARRY"
1260 PR I NT "OCCURRED? HEX 10, TH
E"
1270 PR I NT "NUMBER AFTER HEX F, W
AS THE"
1280 PR I NT "RESULT OF THE SAME CA
RRY THAT"
1290 PRINT"OCCURS IN DECIMAL FRO
M 9 TO 10."
1300 PR I NT "OF COURSE HEX 10 - DE
CIMAL 16."
1310 PR I NT " ADD I NG 1 TO HEX F (DE
C 15)"
1320 PRINT"GIVES HEX 10 (DEC 16)
. ": PRINT
1330 PR I NT "NOW ON TO ADD & SUBTR
ACT IN HEX.": PRINT
1340 PRINT" <ANY KEY
>"
1350 P*=INKEY*: IFP*=""THEN1350
1355 S0UND234,1
1360 CLS : PR I NT "THE BEST WAY TO L
EARN HOW"
180
the RAINBOW April, 1983
COLO*
^Computers produced after ap-
proximately October, 1 982 require
an additional keyboard plug
adapter — please add $4.95.
> Affordable Price— Only $69.95.
> A must have for all serious computerists.
• Highest quality— U.S. made.
• Direct replacement— same key layout
• Professional appearance and operation.
• Fast, simple installation.
• Complete instructions included.
• In stock now.
AT YOUR FAVORITE DEALER OR DIRECT FROM
Mark Data Products
24001 ALICIA PKWY., NO. 226, MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691 • (714) 768-1551
We pay shipping onall ordersin the continental U.S. and Canada. Overseasadd $5.00forshippingand handling. Foreign orders
please remit U.S. funds. California residents, please add 6% sales tax. We accept MasterCard and VISA. We are always looking
for quality machine language programs. Contact us for details.
1370 PR I NT " TO ADD/SUB IN HEX IS
TO WATCH"
1380 PR I NT "SOMEONE MHO KNOWS HOW
- IN"
1390 PR I NT "OUR CASE THAT 'SOMEON
E" IS"
1400 PR I NT "THE COMPUTER. HERE I
S A DEMO"
1410 PR I NT "OF ADD/SUB THAT LETS
YOU TRY"
1420 PR I NT "FOR THE ANSWER BEFORE
THE"
1430 PR I NT "COMPUTER ANSWERS .": PR
INT
1440 PRINT" <ANY KEY>"
1 450 P*« I NKEY* : I FP*« " " THEN 1 450
1455 S0UND234,1
1460 CLS: PRINT" ADDITION <A> OR S
UBTRACT I ON <S>?"
1470 AS*>INKEY*: IFAS*«" "THEN1470
1475 IF ASfO-A" AND AStO^SMHE
N1470
1477 S0UND234,1
1480 GOSUB 16000
1482 PR I NT "PRESS 'A' FOR ANSWER"
: PRINT
1490 IF AS*»"A" THEN PRINT"A D D
I T I O N" ELSE PRINT"S U B T R
ACTION"
(Dm
BOOKS & PROGRAMS
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE GRAPHICS
for the TRS-80 Color Computer
by DON & KURT INMAN
280 pages $14.95 ♦Si. 25 postage & handling
SOFTWARE 16K EXTENDED
New!!! CRYSTAL REVENGE $16.95
HI-RES Space War game. The first fully controlled
color in PMODE aiYou must defend the CRYSTAL HOME
world from the robot attackers. Planet and multicolor
attackers remain the same color every game.
STARFIRE $18.95
Great machine language version of Defenders. Highly
rated in the Rainbow. Fast action! By Intellectronics
Software Authors Wanted-Highest Royalties Paid
$1.25 Per Order
Postage &
Handling
All Orders Receive
10% Voucher On Order
OWL-WARE
P.O. Box 116B
Mertztown, PA.
19539
PA Res. lnclude6%Tax
1495 PRINT
1500 PRINT "FIRST FACTOR >"N1*:
PRINT
1510 PR I NT "SECOND FACTOR — >"N2*
1515 PRINT"
■i
1517 Q*= I NKEYS : IFQ*= " " THEN1 517
1518 IFQ*<>"A"THEN1517
1519 S0UND234,1
1520 PR I NT " ANSWER IS >"A1*
1530 PR I NT "AG A IN???"
1 540 Q*= I NKEY* : I FQ*« " " THEN 1 540
1550 IFQ*<>"Y" AND Q*<>"N"THEN15
40
1555 S0UND234,1
1560 IFQ*»"Y"THEN 1460
1570 CLS : PR I NT "HOW DID YOU DO?
IF THE"
1580 PR I NT "ANSWER IS SOMETHING L
ESS THAN"
1590 PR I NT " GREAT , DON'T GIVE UP!
HEX IS, "
1600 PR I NT "AFTER ALL, NOT NATURA
L TO US"
1610 PR I NT "WITHOUT 16 FINGERS (0
R TOES)."
1620 PRINT"THIS NEXT SECTION WIL
L HELP."
1630 PR I NT "NOW WE ENTER THE BRAV
[DEALERS INQUIRES INVITED
182 the RAINBOW April, 1983
E NEW 11
1640 PR I NT "WORLD OF CONVERSION. 11
1650 PR I NT " WE COCO OWNERS ARE BL
1800 PR I NT 11 THE DEC NUMBER IN THE
().": PRINT
1810 PRINT" <ANY KEY>
•i
•i
1660 PR I NT" WITH COMPUTERS THAT W
ILL DO"
1670 PR I NT "CONVERSION FOR US. M
ANUAL"
1680 PR I NT "CONVERSION IS A TAD D
IFF I CULT"
1690 PRINT" WITHOUT CONVERSION CH
ARTS OR"
1700 PR I NT "OR SOME OTHER AID."
1710 PRINT" <ANY KEY>
•i
1720 P*«XNKEY*:IF P*-" "THEN 1720
1725 S0UND234,1
1730 CLS:PRINT"SO, IF YOU HAVEN'
T ALREADY"
1740 PRINT "DONE SO. . . " : PRINT
1750 PR I NT "MEET (FANFARE PLEASE)
: ": PRINT
1760 PRINT" HEX*(?>":PR
INT
1770 PR I NT "AND ScH????":PRI
NT
1780 PR I NT "THE COMMAND: ? HEX*<1
234) "
1790 PRINT"WILL RETURN THE HEX V
ALUE FOR"
1 820 P*« I NKEY* : I FP*« " " THEN 1 820
1825 S0UND234,1
1830 cls:print m the command: ? &h
abcd will"
1840 pr i nt " return the dec value
FOR THE"
1850 PR I NT "HEX NUMBER AFTER THE
'KT . ": PRINT
1860 PRINT'LET'S TRY SOME CONVER
SIONS. ": PRINT
1870 PRINT"<H>EX TO DEC OR <D>EC
TO HEX?"
1880 Q*»INKEY*:IF Q*=" "THEN1880
1890 IF Q*<>"H" AND Q*<>"D" THEN
1880
1895 S0UND234,1
1900 IF Q*="H" THEN GOSUB 17000E
LSE GOSUB 18000
1910 PR I NT "AGAIN???"
1 920 Q*« I NKEY* : I FQ*= " " THEN 1 920
1 930 I FQ*< > " Y " ANDQ*< > " N " THEN 1 920
1935 S0UND234,1
1940 IFQ$="Y"THEN 1830
1950 PRINT" <ANY KEY>
•i
2000 Q*- 1 NKE Y* : I FQ*- 11 11 THEN2000
WEIL FILL YOUR
MAILBOX WITH BUGS.
If your idea of a great time is staying up late wrestling with software bugs,
we can supply you with all you can handle.
Were DeBug. The company that specializes in 16K Extended Basic CoCo programs
that don't quite work right.
People send us programs that are driving them buggy We pick out the most interest-
ing ones and send them to you. With a J description of where they were going. And
where they went wrong. (Maybe.)
if you can fix it, we'll try to sell it. And everyone
shares the profits.
Send $9 for a sample cassette of 20 or so buggy
programs. Or $5 with a program you'd like debugged.
Or $12 for both.
114 West Central St.
Natick, MA 01760
DEBUG
April. 1 983 the RAINBOW 1 83
CoCoDATA Enterprises
1215 Emeralda Drive • Orlando, Florida 32808
- *
^^81 ^Ml ^^fr ^^ft ^Blfc ^b?"'^' ^^Ifc^iBft
mm ■» *■
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All programs require 16K ECB
"Our prices are low because we are 100% mall order,
is added to accommodate retailers or distributers".
.nothing
"We offer free informational flyers on each of our programs
prior to purchase -just ask!"
"Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back!"
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ The Product Line ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
GRAPHICS PROGRAM
GENERATOR I $11.95
Let your CoCo write "Syntax perfect" graphics programs for you!
Boxes, circles, arcs, ellipses, paint, and lines can all be created
while viewing the graphics screen using the arrow keys and a
few one-key commands. Use either of four color sets In PMODE3.
Extra features like "erase", "check remaining strings space" and
optional grid marker pixels. When your graphics are complete,
GPG I will write a unique program to tape to duplicate the picture
you've created. This generated program can be edited, added to,
or merged like any other! Manual details operation.
GRAPHICS PROGRAM
GENERATOR II $16.95
All the features of GPG I plus characters with a self loading
machine language module! Includes a binary screen save feature
to reproduce your graphics with text In a later program. Manual
includes Assembly Language source listing.
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
MONITOR $10.95 CIH ;r~
Utilize your CoCo to reduce your electric bill! Both text and
graphic presentations are used to show consumption In either
dollars or KWH. Extra features include bill projection anytime
during month and 20 day trend analysis. If you can't measure It,
you can't manage It! Sixteen page manual Includes listing and
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RAINBOW
M»l
HOUSEHOLD BUDGET
WORKSHEET $ 6.95
Produces an up-dated monthly financial worksheet without flies,
yet contractual loans are automatically up-dated with new
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expenses user defined. Includes provisions for variable income
like commissions, one time expenses and/or Income. Excellent
manual Includes listing, examples, form to list data. Works with
any printer.
■ ■ r%frw- ^ _ M _ RAINBOW
LLIST-RITE $ 5.95
Complex, non-commented programs are much easier to follow
after using this listing utility! Multiple statements and IF. . .
THEN. . .ELSE statements are logically separated, line numbers
are set apart from text, page boundries are observed. Works
with any printer; complete, easy to understand Instruction sheet
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★ ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★***
Each program ordered must include 75$ for Shipping and
Handling.
Our version of concentration with some special
surprises.
DKHSMSKSTr IFIM18 Our computer version of the artillery-
man's ancient problem of hitting a target you can't see.
2010 CLS: PR I NT " REVIEW MENU:":PRI
NT
2020 PR I NT " ENTER- " : PR I NT
2030 PR I NT "1 -ENTIRE HEXERCISER" :
PRINT
2040 PRINT"2-FR0M COUNTING SECT I
ON": PRINT
2050 PRINT"3-FR0M ADD/SUB SECT 10
N": PRINT
2060 PR I NT " 4— FROM CONVERSION SEC
TION": PRINT
2070 PR I NT "5— END HEXERCISER" : PRI
NT
2080 PR I NT "YOUR CHOICE ???"
2090 Q*=INKEY*:IF VAL(Q*> <>1 AN
D VAL(Q*)<>2 AND VAL(Q*)<>3 AND
VAL(Q*><>4 AND VAL(Q«><>5 THEN 2
090
2092 Q=VAL(Q*>
2100 ON Q GOTO 2110,1170,1460,18
60,2120
2105 GOTO 2100
2110 RUN
2120 END
7900 STOP
7999 STOP
8000 h=a:b(1)=0:b(2)=0:b(3)-0:b<
4)-0:B(5)-0:B(6)-0:B(7)-0:b<8)-0
9000
IF
A=>128 THEN B<1>
■1
9010
IF
B(l)-1 THEN A-A-
12
9020
IF
A=>64 THEN B<2>-
1
9030
IF
B(2)«l THEN A-A-
64
9040
IF
A->32 THEN B<3>«
1
9050
IF
B(3)-l THEN A-A-
32
9060
IF
A*>16 THEN B<4)«
1
9070
IF
B(4)-l THEN A-A-
16
9080
IF
A=>8 THEN B(5)-l
9090
IF
B(5)-l THEN A-A-
8
9100
IF
A=>4 THEN B(6)-l
9110
IF
B(6)-l THEN A-A-
4
9120
IF
A->2 THEN B(7)-l
9130
IF
B(7)-l THEN A-A-
2
9140
IF
A»l THEN B(8)-l
9150
RETURN
10000 CLS: PRI NTQ 102, "H E X
I S E R"
1 00 1 0 PR I NTQ232 , " COP YR I GHT
E R C
(C) 1
10020
T
10030
10040
0090
10050
15000
ETURN
16000
)
16010
N2-S1
PRI NTG264, "JAMES J. SCHMID
PRINTQ296, " 196 A ARLENE CT.
PR I NTG328, "WHEELING, IL. 6
FOR I-1TO1500: NEXT: RETURN
R*«INKEY*:IF R*«"R" THEN R
ELSE 15000
Nl-RND (32000) : N2-RND ( 16000
IF NKN2 THEN S1-N1:N1-N2:
Sl-0
184 th« RAINBOW April. 1983
0
JOYSTICKS
DEALER & CLUB INQUIRIES INVITED
^ COME SEE US
AT THE
RAINBOWfest
IN CHICAGO
APRIL 22, 23, & 24
AFFORDABLE
ONLY
$19.95
RAINBOW
REVIEWED
OCT. 1982
ACCURATE
SMOOTH
RESPONSE
TWO FOR
$37.95
80 MICRO
REVIEWED
MARCH 1983
BUILT TO
LAST
Tired of broken joysticks? We offer an affordable joystick based on proven components. Each unit is hand assembled and
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*PREREAD I, II, & III (Three tapes;
Prepare your preschooler to learn la read
*PHONICS I
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*PHONICS II
Advancement from PHONICS I
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SPACE RAIDERS Not just another Invaders game.
CAVE HUNTER Grab the treasure and outrun
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HAYWIRE Will drive you BERZERK!
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
*ESCAPE FROM SPECTRE Graphic Spy Adv.
*KATERPILLAR ATTACK Look out for spiders!
*MOON LANDER 2 games in 1
*CASINO 3-Gambling Package
TAPE DUPE Copies any ML tape.
DISK TO TAPE Dump most disks to tape
TAPE TO DISK Load most tapes to disk
*SPELLING TEST Provides a standard
oral spelling quiz. Optional printer output.
it it 32 Korner it it
(Requires 32K Ext. Basic)
TOM MIX'S
SPACE SHUTTLE Control the Space Shuttle
DONKEY KING 4 Screens - Full action!
PROTECTORS Excellent Defender type.
COLOR GOLF Challenging! Uses full set of clubs.
PRICKLY-PEAR'S
FLIGHT Realistic flight simulator $1<U*8~
8-BIT BARTENDER Party fun 100+ recipes %}£JW
$24.95 ^
$24.95
$24.95
$17.95
$21.95
$17.95
$12.95
$16.95
$17.95
$17.95
$19.95
$28.95
$26.95
$24.95
$17.95 /^jh
$15.96
$15.96^^
15% OFF
UNTIL MAY 7
ANTECO SOFTWARE
INTERGALACTIC FORCE Experience trench %2*&*'
warfare in your X-Wing fighter.
'HOUSEHOLD EXPENSE MANAGER
Menu-driven with 30 household catagories.
Screen or printer output.
*STOCK ANALYZER AND TREND
Track your stocks. Disk compatible. Optional
printer output.
COGNITEC
TELEWRITER 64 (For 16, 32, or 64K)
THE word processor for the CoCo
$21.20
$16.95^
$18.65^^
$42.45
PETROCCI FREELANCE ASSOCIATES
INSPECTOR CLUESEAU (32K ext.) $JA£S~ $16.95
Find the murderer in this excellent graphic adaptation
of Clue.
COLORSOFT
*MATH DERBY Fun while learning'
$11.86
COMPUTERWARE
MEGAPEDE Most challenging version yet.
SHARK TREASURE Don't get eaten!
SPACE AMBUSH Action like Galaxian.
DOODLE BUG Like Ladybug
RAIL RUNNER Dodge trains and handcars
PAC ATTACK II Great gobbler. New graphics.
STORM A reaf Tempest!
COLOR INVADERS Like the original
$21.95
$21.95
$21.95
$24.95
$21.95
$24.95 (ft
$24.95 jjRh
$19.95^
Requires 16K Ext. Basic minimum - others 16K Std. Basic minimum.
ADDITIONAL LISTINGS IN OUR FREE CATALOG. CALL OR WRITE.
SHIPPING: U.S.A., CANADA AND MEXICO
WE PAY POSTAGE on all software orders. Add S2.00 for shipping joysticks
(unless purchased with software • then we'll pay). Please add S2.00 for C.O.D.
orders (available in U.S.A. only). Allow 2 weeks for personal checks to clear.
SHIPPING: ALL OTHER COUNTRIES
Add S2.00 for each software item. Add S3. 00 for each Joystick. Items will be
shipped air mail.
ALL PAYMENTS MUST BE IN U.S. FUNDS.
ENDICOTT SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 12543, Huntsville, AL 35802
(205) 881-0506
VISA
PHONE OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK!
16015 IF AS*« " S " THEN 1 6030
9, 159,
159, 159,
159,
159,
159, :
L59,
15
16020 N1*«HEX*<N1> :N2*«HEX*<N2> :
9,159,
159, 159,
159,
159,
159,:
L59,
15
A1S«HEX*<N1+N2>
9, 159,
159
16025 GOTO 16040
63003
DATA 159,
159,
159,
159,:
159,
15
16030 N1*=HEX*(N1>:N2*=HEX*(N2>
9, 159,
159,255,
159,
159,
255,:
L59,
25
A1*«HEX*<N1-N2>
5,255,
255,255,
159,
255,
159, :
159,
15
16040 IF LEN(N1*)<4 THEN N1*«STR
9,255,
159, 159,
159,
159,
159,:
L59,
15
ING*<4-LEN<N1*>, ,, 0 ,, )+Nl*
9, 159,
159
16050 IFLEN(N2*><4 THEN N2*=STRI
63004
DATA 159,
159,
159,
159, ;
159,
15
NQ% ( 4-LEN ( N2% ) , M 0" ) +N2S
9, 159,
159,255,
159,
159,
255, :
159,
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16060 IFLEN(A1*)<4 THEN A1S-STRI
St ^Jmf^Jmf St ■ ^b^bI^ A Ww St 1 ^ W ■ ■ 1 ^ ■ ■ St I ■ » S>
5. 159.
159. 159.
mm ^mr w m mm w m
159,
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159,
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NG* ( 4-LEN ( A 1 * ) , M 0 ) + A 1 *
5, 159,
159, 159,
159,
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L59,
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16070 RETURN
9, 159,
159
17000 INPUT "ENTER HEX NUMBER" I HS
63005
DATA 159,
159,
159,
159,
159,
15
25
17010 HH*«"ScH"+H*
9, 159,
5,255,
159,255,
255, 159,
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159,
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17020 PRINT"ANSWER->"|VAL<HH*>
9, 159,
159, 159,
159,
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. 15
17030 RETURN
9, 159,
159
18000 INPUT" ENTER DEC NUMBER" |D
63006
DATA 159,
159,
159,
159,
159,
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18010 DD*«HEX*<D>
9, 159,
159,255,
159,
159,
255,
159,
.25
1 8020 PR I NT " ANSWER- > " 5 DD*
5, 159,
159, 159,
159,
159,
255,
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.25
18030 RETURN
5, 159,
159, 159,
159,
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. 15
20000 'ENTRY POINT FOR SCREEN
9, 159,
159
63001 DATA159, 159,023,008,001,02
63007
DATA 159,
159,
159,
159,
159,
. 15
0, 159,020,008,005, 159, 159, 159, 15
9, 159,
159,255,
159,
159,
255,
159,
.25
9, 159, 159, 159, 159, 159, 159, 159, 15
5,255,
255,255,
159,
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m mmtwimmm.
159,
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i 15
9, 159, 159, 159, 159, 159, 159, 159, 15
1 1
159,
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1
1 lw
9, 159, 159
9,159,
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63002 DATA159,159, 159, 159,159,15
63008
DATA 159,
159,
159,
159,
159,
.15
9, 159, 159, 159, 159, 159, 159. 159. 15
9, 159.
159.159.
159.159.
159-
159,
.15
YOUR COLOR COMPUTER JUST EARNED A MATH DEGREE!
FEATURING:
• 3D SURFACE PLOTTING — Plots a user defined equation on an
X,Y,Z coordinate system in the High-Res graphics mode. Planes,
surfaces of revolution, statistical surfaces, etc. can be easily plotted.
Surfaces may be saved to disk or tape. We believe this is the only program
of its kind commercially available for the Color Computer.
MATHMENU
Developed by an engineer, Mathmenu is a
powerful menu-driven system to turn your
Color Computer into an intelligent, flexible
tool for mathematics and engineering.
Mathmenu takes the tedium out of math,
leaving your full brain power to attack the
"meat" of your problems. By rapidly mani-
pulating matrices and vectors, performing
integration and differentiation, solving
quadratic equations, plotting user defined
functions and much more, Mathmenu can
help simplify the most complex problems.
Whether you are a student or a professional,
if you use math, you need Mathmenu,
PLUS:
• Complete MATRIX Operations •
(up to 8 x 8) •
• Complete VECTOR Operations •
• Numerical Differentiation •
• Numerical Integration
• Least Squares Curve Fitting •
• Binomial Expansion
• Prime Number Verification •
• Main Menu with Single-key Selection
2D Function Plotting
Rectangular to Polar Conversions
Base Conversions
Large Number Addition and
Multiplication
Reverse Polish Logic Calculator
with Hexadecimal
Quadratic Equation Roots
and Return (Disk Only)
Complete documentation of all functions is included.
For 32K Disk $49.95 Dl „. D r , . ,
For 16K Cassette $44.95 P!ottmg Reqmres Extended BASfC
Documentation only $2.00 (refundable with purchase)
Or write for free brochure.
Inter <^>cAction
113 Ward Street • Dept. R • New Haven, CT 06519 • (203) 562-5748
1 86 She RAINBOW April, 1 983
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63017
ps-i:l-i
:bb-
'1024: EB- 105:
5
63019 FOR IL-BB TO
63020 READ BY*
- POKEIL,VAL(BY*>
PS-PS+3
63023 NEXT
63024 EB-EB+32 : BB-BB+32 : PS- 1 : L»L
+1
63025 NEXT
63026 PLAY"V20"
63028 FORX-1TO20
63029 PLAY "L255I A|P55j A|P55| AfP
55| A| P55I A| P55I A| A| A|
63031 NEXT
63032 RETURN
★ ★ ★ ★ SELECTED SOFTWARE ★ ★ ★ ★
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
Alt programs are in 1 6K machine language
unless noted. Extended basic not required.
* *
* *
* m
MARK DATA PRODUCTS
SPACE RAIDERS New Invader type game Super $24.95
Hi-Res Graphics and Sound. You'll love it.
ASTRO BLAST Excellent space shooting game. $24.95
Super Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
COLOR HAYWIRE Classic arcade game, rated $24.95
A + by Color Computer magazines.
SPECTRAL ASSOCIATES
GALAX ATT AX Protect your base by shooting $21.95
alien fighter in formation. Excellent Graphics and Sound.
SPACE RACE Maneuver yourself in space but $21 .95
alien ships appear and must be destroyed. Hi-Res
Graphics and Sound.
PLANET INVASION Excellent Defender type $21 .95
game. Highest-Res Graphics and Sound.
DEFENSE Defend your spaceships from enemy $21.95
laser beams.
SPACE WAR You must break through the enemy $21 .95
fighters and the defenses of Death Star. Super fast.
SPACE INVADERS Fast action Invader game $21 .95
Excellent Graphics and Sound.
GHOST GOBBLER Highly rated Pac Man type $ 1 9.95
game. 16 skill levels and lots of action.
KEYS OF THE WIZARD Super adventure $ 1 9.95
game! Great sound! You never play the same twice.
MADNESS AND THE MINOTAUR $ 1 9.95
Challenging adventure game, different everytime.
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
DONKEY KING (32K) Just Outstanding! $24.95
KATERPILLAR Excellent Centipede-type game. $24.95
Highly rated by Color Computer magazines!
WAR KINGS Battle to save your castle and king. $ 1 9.95
Hi-Res Graphics with Outstanding Sound.
PROTECTORS (32K) Excellent Graphics and Sound. $24.95
MED SYSTEMS
INVADER'S REVENGE You are the last sur $ 1 9.95
vived space invader. You must revenge!
PHANTOM SLAYER Enter the deadly cata $ 1 9.95
combs and destroy the phantoms, 3-D Graphics.
INTELLECTRONICS
DUNKEY MUNKEY (32K) Absolutely excellent $21 .95
Donkey Kong-type game. You'll love it!
STAR FIRE One of the best Defender-type game. $19.95
Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
INTRACOLOR
COLORPEDE Just like the arcade $29.95
THE PROGRAMMER'S GUILD
PACDROIDS The most challenging Pac Man-type. $ 1 9.95
Super Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
CHROMATIC SOFTWARE
THE SPIDER Travel the channels destroying the $ 1 9.95
spiders before they get you. Super action. Excellent
Graphics and Sound.
^
UPGRADE YOUR COLOR COMPUTER/
Complete solderless kits with easy-to-follow instructions.
4K-16K $15.95
16K-32K $29.95
introductory Offer Ends Soon! Price Will Increase Next Month!
64K CHIP SET
Eight 41 64-200 NS Prime ICs
* *
* *
$54.95
* Requires Joystick # * Joystick Optional
Write for complete listings. Buy 2 items and get 10% off.
We pay postage on ail orders. Send check or money order to:
SELECTED SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 32228, Fridley, MN 55421
(MN Residents add 6% sales tax.)
April, 1983 th« RAINBOW 1 87
GRAPHICS
16K
the
ECB
RAINBOW
Three Easy Pieces:
One Animator's Art (jf*l
By Stephen Lai
Once I had learned the art of animation, which on my part
took much more effort than simply reading the material
included about it in the CoCo manuals, I wondered how I
could apply it to produce beautiful moving graphics. My
father came up with the idea of using the SIN/ COS func-
tions which, as you will see, solved the question asked
above.*
In these three programs, I use the command PMODE 1 ,
which allows for the maximum use of four graphic pages on
the 16K CoCo. All three programs have X number of lines,
curves or leaves protruding from the midpoint of the screen.
To find the number of degrees a figure rotates at every flip of
a page, use this formula: 360/ (number of lines, leaves, or
curves x 4).
When a program is typed in and RUN, the computer
prompts you with the question, "ARE THE PAGES
DRAWN?" (Y/N). If they are drawn, only input "Y" if you
want to see the same display again. Next, you are asked for
the number (#) of lines or leaves.
The two processes these programs consist of are the draw-
ing process and the display process. The drawing process
goes through the four pages, one by one, producing a figure
differing from the figures on the other pages by a number of
angles. This process varies in time taken according to the
number of lines, leaves or curves and the specific program.
After that lengthy process is finished, the real impressive
stuff flashes across the screen, but not before you INPUTa.
delay speed.
Enough for the general; now for the specifics.
Revolver is the most basic of all three programs. The
display is similar to the spokes of a wheel. A good first input
would be 1 5 for the number of lines and 20 for delay speed.
Twirlers is the most fancy and impressive of the programs.
The leaves are of random width and color. Four mini-
twirlers are at the corners of the screen. The drawing process
is very lengthy, so have a magazine ready to flip through
while the program gets ready to do its flipping. A sound will
inform you that the drawing process is done. During the
display process, you can cause the figures to rotate in the
opposite direction by pressing the letter "C." A good starting
input would be 3 for number of leaves and 30 for rotating
speed.
Spinner needs no inputs for number of curves or rotating
speed. There are always four curves and the rotating speed
changes throughout the display process getting faster to a
certain point, then slower to a certain point, then faster,
slower, etc.
The three programs use the POKE 65495,0 and POKE
65494,0 commands, which must be deleted to be run on
some older CoCos.
* Editor's note: For an in-depth discussion of the
technique, using sine/ cosine functions, refer to
Don Inman's Using Graphics column in the March
1983 issue of Rainbow.
The listing:
00FF
01D1
1 * REVOLVE
2 ' BY STEPHEN LAI
3 * (C) 1982
10 CLS: INPUT" ARE PAGES DRAWN <Y/
N) " ; Z*: IFZ*="N"THENGOTO150ELSEGO
TO 130
20 INPUT "NUMBER OF LINES" ; N: PMOD
El , 1 : PCLS: SCREEN 1 , 0
30 PI=3. 14159
40 POKE65495,0
50 FORP=0TO3: PMODE 1, <P+1)*2-1:PC
LS: SCREEN 1,0
60 B=P*PI/<N*2>
70 FORL=lTON
80 X=-25*PI
90 Y=SIN(X/25)
100 R=SQR(X^2+Y^2) : AA=ATN<Y/X)+B
: H=R*COS < AA ) : V=R*S I N < AA )
110 LINE(126,96)-(H+126, V+96) , PS
120 B=B+2*PI/N:NEXTL,P
130 INPUT "DELAY SPEED" ;S
140 F0RP=1T07STEP2: PMODE 1,P:SCRE
1 88 the RAINBOW April, 1 983
TAKE A CLOSER LOOK
THERE'S SOMETHING For EVERYONE
SOFTWARE
DONKEY KING
by Tom Mix Software
Four full graphic screens. Exciting sound
and realistic graphics. Never before has
the color computer seen a game like this.
Tape
Disc .
■ i i > • i, t f , ■ ,i i a i ► ■ ■ ■ ■ • • »
i - - - «
$24.95
$27.95
SKY-DEFENSE
Can you survive the first wave of attack?
Or the next? Or the next? Only your joy-
stick will ever know! Features horizontal
flight in highres graphics, and fast-paced
action. Machine language; joystick re-
quired. 16K $12.95
BIGNUM
If you dislike seeing numbers like 1 .23045 E
23, and wish you could have all the ac-
curate digits instead, then BIGNUM is for
you. Add, subtract, multiply, divide and
raise BIG numbers to BIG powers and get
totally accurate results. Even if you are
satisfied with an approximation, without
this program the Color Computer would
return an "OV ERROR" with this problem:
34l45. BIGNUM returns the entire 68 digit
result! Accurate to 1,024 digits in 16K &
about 3,068 digits with 32 RAM.
16K
A 4 ■ '
Iff"
$9.95
CCM#3
by Charles Santee, Ed.D.
This program allows total communication
for special persons and does this with only
one joystick. Easy to use, and also recom-
mended for young children; can help
teach spelling and sentence structure. Ex-
cellent documentation.
32K EXT $32.95
HARDWARE
16K-32K UPGRADE KIT
Kit includes 8 200 ns #411 6 Factory Prime
Chips, piggybacked sockets, SAM socket,
and "32K" button to replace the 16K on
your computer's case. Easy to remove. No
soldering to computer $25.95
64K RAM CHIPS
200 ns #4164 chip set will upgrade your
"E" board easily. Factory Prime Chips.
(Compare the price elsewhere!). .$69.95
Nanos Reference Cards
Color Computer & TDP-100
Color BASIC & EXTENDED 4.95
DATA CASSETTES
C05 C10
$ .65 Qty. 1-10 $
$ .60 Qty. 11-20 $
Soft Poly Cases Ea. $
.70
.65
.20
AUX-KEY
by JARB
(Auxiliary External Keyboard Unit)
Thisfull size, industrial grade keyboard unit
is P.C, board mounted for trouble free
operation and years of use. Mounted in
an attractive aluminum case with a 19-
key numeric pad, AUX-KEY comes with
long cable for remote placement of your
80C. No soldering required for installa-
tion. Will not affect normal operation of
the original keyboard $134.95
Add $1.50 per software order and $2.00 per hardware order for postage and handling.
California residents add 6% Sales Tax.
QUASAR ANIMATIONS
1520 Pacific Beach Drive, San Diego, California 92109
(619)274-2202
EN1 , 0: F0RDLAY=1T0S: NEXTDLAY , P: GO
TO 140
150 PCLEAR8:GOTO20
1 ' TWIRLERS
2 ' BY STEPHEN LAI
3 ' <C) 1982
10 CLS: INPUT "ARE PAGES DRAWN <Y/
N) 11 ; Z$: IFZ*="N"THENGOTO240ELSEGO
TO 160
20 INPUT "NUMBER OF LEAVES" ; N: PMO
DEI, l:PCLS: SCREEN 1,0
30 Cl=RND(3)+l:C2=RND(3)+l:C3=RN
D (3) +1 : C4=RND (3) +1 : C5=RND (3) +1 : E
=1+RND<20>*. 1
40 PI=3. 14159
50 POKE65495,0
60 FORP=0TO3:PMODE1, <P+1>*2-1:C0
L0RC2, 1 : PCLS: SCREEN 1 , 0
70 B=P*PI/<N*2>
80 FORL=lTON
90 F0RX=-25*PI T025*PI STEP2
100 D=X/E: Y=D*SIN(X/25)
BATTLE of GETTYSBURG
A Strategy Game
for mature Players
KXJOUOQUDOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOO
STOP REBEL INVADERS
OR DIE!
>ooooooooooooooooooqooooooooooooooo
■
X
O
CD
CO
>
CD
o
©PfWJtl®
P.O. Box 3504
Austin, Texas: 78764
(512)444-6135
DOOOOOOOO
110 R=SQR(X^2+Y^2) : AA=ATN<Y/X)+B
: H=R*COS < AA ) : V=R*S I N < AA )
120 IFX=-25*PI THENG0SUB1 90
130 PSET <H+126,V+96, CI >: NEXT
140 B=B+2*PI/N:NEXTL,P
150 SOUND 1,40
160 INPUT "DELAY SPEED" ;S
170 F0RP=1T07STEP2:PM0DE1,P:SCRE
EN1 , 0: FORDL AY= 1 TOS : IFINKEY*="C"T
HEN180ELSENEXTDLAY,P:GOTO170
180 F0RP=7T01STEP-2:PM0DE1,P:SCR
EEN 1,0: FORDL A Y= 1 TOS : I F I NKEY$= " C "
THEN 1 70ELSENE X TDL A Y , P : GOTO 1 80
190 CIRCLE (H/4+208, V/4+150) , 10, C
3
200 LINE<48+<-H/3.5>-4, 150+ (V/3.
5>-4>-<48+<-H/3.5>+4, 150+ (V/3. 5)
+4 ) , PSET , BF
210 CIRCLE(-H/6+48, V/6+24) ,2,C4:
CIRCLE (H/4+48, V/4+24) , 2, C5
220 LINE(208,24)-(208-H/4,24+V/4
) , PSET
230 RETURN
240 PCLEAR8:GOTO20
0109
0219
1 * SPINNER
2 ' BY STEPHEN LAI
3 ' <C) 1982
10 GOTO170
20 N=0:L=75:C=RND(3)+l:D=RND<40)
+10:PI=3. 14159
30 CLS: INPUT "ARE PAGES DRAWN <Y/
N> " ; Q*: I FQ$= " N " THEN40ELSEGOTO1 10
40 f=i:forn=ito7STEP2:pmode i,n:
screen 1,0: pcls
45 POKE65495,0
50 F0RX=-25*PI TO0STEP2
70 Xl=X/25: Y=D*SIN<X1>
80 R=SQR(X^2+Y^2) : A=ATN(Y/X) :B=A
+N*(PI/16) :H=R*SIN(B) :V=R*COS(B)
90 PSET <V+ 126, -H+96, C) : PSET (-H+1
26,-V+96,C) :PSET(H+126, V+96,C) :P
SET < -V+ 1 26 , H+96 , C )
100 NEXTX, N
110 I=-2:L=50
120 FOR A=7T01STEP-2:PM0DE1, a:sc
REEN1 , 0
130 SOUND 225-4*L,l
140 FOR DLAY=1 TO L: NEXT DLAY , A
1 50 L-L+ 1 : I FL< 50RL >50THEN I — I
160 GOTO 120
170 PCLEAR8:GOTO20
190 the RAINBOW April, 1983
JARB
I
N
C
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
COMPUTER PRODUCTS
AUX-KEY
(Auxiliary External Key Board Unit)
This full size, industrial grade key board
unit is P.C. Board mounted for trouble
free operation and years of use. Mounted
in an attractive aJuminum case with a 12
key numeric pad, Aux-Key comes with a
long cable for remote location placement
of your 80C. Requires no soldering to
your computer, and only about 15
minutes for installation. Does not affect
normal operation of your original key
board.
Add $4.00 Shipping $134.95
PEN E- ARCADE
(Light Pen & Arcade System)
This unique system will allow the light pen
(included) to be used with supplied soft-
ware for many tasks normally requiring
key board input. In education, choose
answers by just touching pen to correct
screen location. Can be easily interfaced
to your own programs. All instructions
supplied. AJso includes the JARB arcade
target gun and target software. Shoot
targets from across the room. No other
unit like this is presently available from
anywhere else for the 80C or TDP-100
computers.
Add $4.00 Shipping $74.95
COM REX CR-6SOO
03" Color Monitor)
High resolution display monitor produces
an incredibly sharp image. Includes built-
in speaker with audio circuit. Compatible
with virtually any microcomputer.
$344.95
COMREX CR-1
Compact desk-top daisy wheel
printer, especially designed for word
processing. Assures high reliability,
and produces quiet, high quality
printing. Complete with RS-232 in-
terface.
$810.00
U.S FUNDS ONLY
C.O.D. ORDERS ACCEPTED
Sorry, no C.O.D. on printers and
monitors.
NO CREDIT CARD ORDERS
* VIDEO INTERFACE KIT
Allows the composite video signal to be
interfaced directly to a B/W or color
monitor. TV and monitor can be used
simultaneously. Complete with com-
prehensive instructions and all parts, in-
cluding an external sound output. NOTE:
May not work with monitors requiring
high input drive - call or write f or recom-
mended monitors,
$19.95
/f^\ DUAL
rainbow JOYSTICK UNIT
crown*. (D.J.)
Single unit assembly enhances payability
of multi- joystick/ player games; conve-
nient press-to-fire buttons
Add $4.00 shipping $35.95
EPSON PRINTERS
MX80FT/Graftrax + $524.95
MX100FT/Graftrax+ $699.95
Serial Interface w/4K Buffer
Ideal for80Cuse $109.95
80CTO Epson Cable $19.95
See shipping Info
NEW PRICES ON
DATA CASSETTES
C-OS C-IO
$ .65 QTY 1-10 $ .70
$ .60 QTY 11-20 $ .65
Soft Poly Cases Ea. $.20
Hard Shelled Cases Ea. $.22
Cassette Labels (12) Sh. $.36
Cassette Labels Tractor (1000) $30.00
Call or write for quantity prices on all
cassette products. Special lengths avail-
able, eg., C-02, etc.
NANOS COLOR BASIC
AND EXTENDED
SYSTEM REFERENCE
CARD
"The New Industry Standard"
$4.95
(We pay postage on this one)
All types of Nanos cards available
MEMORY
UPGRADE KITS
*4K/I6K MEMORY CHIP SET
Eight 200 NS 4116 Factory Prime Chips,
16K Ram Button, and Upgrade Instruc-
tions. No Soldering.
$16.95
* 16K/32K
MEMORY UPGRADE KIT
Eight 200 NS 4116 Factory Prime Chips
with Piggy Backed Sockets, Sam Socket,
Bus Wire, and 32K Ram Button. Com-
prehensive Instructions. Recommended
for **D" or earlier, but may be used on
**E". Only 9 simple solder connections to
kit. None to computer.
$25.95
•64K RAM CHIPS
Eight 200 NS Factory Prime 64K RAM
Chips. Allows you to upgrade M E" board
easily. No soldering needed.
$69.95
'Installation of these items will void the
Radio Shack warranty. Radio Shack is a
trademark of the Tandy Corp.
WABASH DISKETTES
$25.00 per box of 10
DISK DOUBLER
$12.95
CoCo Chips
Sam, Pia, CPU, Ext. Basic,
and 1 . 1 Standard Available
We carry products
from many manufacturers.
If you don't see it, ask.
SOFTWARE
I
r I HARDWARE
1636 D Avenue, Suite C
National City, CA 920S0
(619) 474-6213
SHIPPING AND HANDLING: Printers
and monitors add 3Vo. Unless otherwise
specified, all other orders $2.00 per order.
California Residents add 6V» sales tax.
Software Review . . .
Preschool Packs: Simple,
Solid, Successful
Preschool Packages 1,2, and 3, from Computer Island,
are designed to teach kids in a fun and simple game format.
Some of the programs in this collection are more successful
at this than others.
PRESCHOOL PACK 1, CLOWN AND FISH NUM
In Clown, a face appears under one of five triangles. The
child counts across to find the number of the triangle and
then presses the number on the keyboard. If incorrect, a sad
sound is heard and the child then has a chance to try again.
When correct, a happy sound is heard and then a new
"problem" is set-up. Number recognition and counting skills
are reinforced by the use of this program.
In Fish Num, a random number offish (1-10) appear on
the screen with the spelling of the number offish above the
display. The child figures out how many fish are on the
screen, (by word recognition or by counting), and presses
the corresponding number on the keyboard. If wrong, you
hear the sad sound. A correct answer receives a happy sound
and spells out the correct answer. This program reinforces
number recognition and counting skills and introduces
spelling.
The games, sounds, and graphics are all very simple in
package number I.
PRESCHOOL PACK 2, COUNT KIDS AND ADD
PENNY
In Count Kids, a random number of kids' faces appear on
the screen. The child counts the kids and presses the corres-
ponding number. A wrong answer receives a sad sound, a
correct answer a happy sound. Of the whole group, this
program has the most interesting graphics and is the most
entertaining for children. With this program, counting scat-
tered objects as well as number recognition are reinforced.
Add Penny draws large pictures of pennies in two rows.
This is set up in the same format in which beginning addition
is presented in school. The child counts the pennies and
presses the corresponding key. Once again, wrong answers
receive a sad sound, correct answers receive a happy tune.
This program reinforces counting and number recognition
and sets the stage for teaching addition in the future.
PACKAGE 2 has the best graphics and sounds of the
group.
PRESCHOOL PACK 3, A LP HA- BYTE
Alpha-byte consists of three programs, each covering a
portion of the alphabet, to help preschoolers recognize the
letters of the alphabet. All three are played in the same way.
The letters covered by the particular program are displayed
on the screen. The program then draws one of the letters
again under the corresponding letter already displayed. The
child then presses the appropriate key that matches the
letter. The usual sad and happy sounds accompany wrong
and correct answers. The child need not know the alphabet
in order to play, but can just match shapes and symbols.
This third package is less interesting, both in play and in
graphics.
All the programs in these three packages are easy for small
children to play on their own without adult help. All answers
are single key inputs, meaning that you don't use the
ENTER key. There is no time limit on any of these games.
Children may play for a long as they wish, using the BREA K
key to end the program when done. However, there is also
no score or identification of which problems the child has
trouble with.
Of the three packages, pack 2 is definitely the best. It is the
most interesting for small children to play and has the most
appealing graphics. All are in 16K ECB.
These games lack the "extras," but are perhaps more
suitable for preschoolers because of it. They are all simple
and unsophisticated games at a good price.
(Computer Island, Dept. R, 227 Hampton Green, Staten
Island, NY 10312, Preschool Packs 1, 2, 3 @ $11.95)
— James Ventling
All Color Softwar
Post O^fic
Plantatic
Box 1 5235
, Florida
$16
Give your CoCo ^ftf>
On/Off 1 iqht f C?r r
HiM NOT Void Warranty!
RAJN8QW
QEftTtFCATOW
Now for only $5 you can have an on/off light for your CoCo, without
voiding your warranty!! If you own a Joystick, can drill ONE hole, and
make TWO connections, then you are ready for this simple Do-It-Yourself Kit! !
This simple kit comes with the parts to modify 2 Joysticks, and clearly
written instructions on the procedure, which takes only 10 minutes on the
average.
Notes This modification Does NOT impede Joystick performance. This kit
works with any Joystick, and is equally easy to install in each.
ORDER NOW ! !
NO Extra Shipping Charges!!
Florida residents add 5"/. sales tax. Notei Cumtom Joysticks still available.
192
the RAINBOW April, 1983
DSL COMPUTER PRODUCTS
P.O. BOX 1113 - DEARBORN, MI 48121 - (313) 582-8930
TDP
Michigan Residents Add 4% Sales Tax to Order
Please include $1.00 for S & H
VISA & MASTERCARDS ACCEPTED
QUALITY SOFTWARE FOR THE
COLOR AND TDP SYSTEM 100 COMPUTERS
Specialty
The General a general
ledger program holds
100 accounts with over
500 transactions per
account 32K $39.95
Calligrapher Great
for designing custom
posters, invitations
flyers or name tags
Two print fonts available
Old English and Chancery
for Line Printer VII use
Disk ONLY $14.95 each
Please specify print
font when ordering.
Color Bonanza 50 program
package includes business,
utilities, utilities as well
as arcade fun. Less than
$1.00 per program! $49.95
Arcade Fun
Packmaze ML 16K
Bug Chase Ext 32K
One or two player or robot
bug against turtle.
Donkey King •. . . 32K
Moon Lander 16K
Dancin' Devil 16K
War Kings 16K
Spider 16K
Cave Hunter 16K
Haywire 16K
Astro Blast 16K
$16.95
$15.55
$24.95
$15.95
$14.95
$19.95
$19.95
$24.95
$24.95
$24.95
Literature
Assembly Language Graphics
$14.95
Basic Computer Programming
for Kids $14.95
TRS-80 Color Computer Graphics
$14.95
NOW AVAILABLE
Nelson Software
Super Color Writer T. $49.95
D. $99.95
Super Color Terminal T. $39.95
D. $59.95
INTRACOLOR COMMUNICATIONS
Colorpede 16K ML T. $29.95
Rototattack 16K ML T. $24.95
D. $27.95
Educational
Speller 16K $16.95
Geo-Studies 16K $ 9.95
USA, Canada, Europe, Aust.
Word Drill 16K $19.95
Math Drill 16K $19.95
Adventures
Calixto Island 16K ML $19.95
Black Sanctum 16K ML $19.95
Utilities
Copy Cat 16K ML $19.95
Color DFT 16K ML T. $19.95
D. $29.95
Hardware
Grand Slam Solderless Kit $75.00
For E or F Board and 1 . 1 Rom
Please include $10.00 REFUNDABLE
tool deposit with order
For All Boards
Ram Slam Solderless Kit
16-32K $49.95
15-minute installation
ONE YEAR WARRANTY
UTILITY
PATCHing The Patch:
EDTASM+ To Disk Revisited
By Roger Schrag
In the December issue of the Rainbow, an article that I
wrote showing how to patch Radio Shack's EDTASM+ to
use disk appeared. Since then, I have gotten letters from
various readers who were worried that they might have
made a mistake because the "L"and "P" commands of Zbug
wouldn't work properly. I would like now to explain that
this is because the patch program as presented in the
December Rainbow simply does not support the functions
of Zbug. I have since modified the program slightly, and I
would like to share my revisions with you.
First, let me say that if you have any problems, comments,
or questions you may drop me a line at 2504 Manning
Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90025. A self-addressed,
stamped envelope would be helpful. I will do my best to
reply promptly.
If you have patched your EDTASM+ to use disk and
would like to see Zbug also support disk, then read on! The
process is really quite simple. First insert the disk cartridge
and turn on your computer. Now dig out your source code
• 3D TIC-TAC-TOE .
NEW!! Over 150 possible ways to win. A real challenge. Just
when you think you won, coco beats you to it. A first for the
coco.
Cassette: 32K E.C.B $14.95
Disc: 32K E.C.B $19.95
• TIC-TAC-TOE •
If you thought Tic-Tac-Toe is an easy game, try matching your
wits against this version. Play it with or without joysticks. A
speciat "SMALL FRY" level of difficulty is provided.
Cassette: 16K C.B $10.95
• JUMPS •
Q-SOFT's challenging version of a very old European solitaire
mme- An ADDICTIVE board game in HI-RES graphics.
Reviewed in Jan. 1983 issue of the "RAINBOW" on page 164.
Cassette: 16K E.C.B , , $10.95
Cassette: 4K C.B $ 8.95
• THE SPIDER .
By: CHROMATIC SOFTWARE". All machine language.
Annihilate the spider before he destroys you. Arcade action.
Joysticks needed. Reviewed in Jan. 1983 issue of the
"RAINBOW" on page 160.
Cassette: 16K $19.95
• ONE CHECK .
48 "CHECKERS" are placed on the two outside rows of a
standard checkerboard. Remove as many "checkers" as
possible, jumping diagonally. Play with or without joysticks.
HI -RES graphics.
Cassette: 16K E.C.B $10.95
QSOFT /^v
1006 ROB IN HOOD DRIVE • PAINESVILLE, OHIO 44077
C.O.D. orders add $3.00 Call 2 1 6 352-2675 ""Sr*
for the program shown in the December article. If it is still
on tape, transfer it to disk with the BASIC transfer program.
Next, load disk EDTASM+ and the old source code. If
you used the same line numbering scheme that I did, then
line 189 should be the end statement. Delete it. Now insert
all of the code in the listing presented here from line 189 on.
If you didn't hold on to your scource code from the
December article, then you will need to load disk
EDTASM+ and enter that listing first.
Whether you have updated your old source code or
reentered the whole thing from scratch, double check for
typographical errors. Then save the new source code on
disk. Assemble it to disk as well.
Now, return to Disk BASIC. Load your present copy of
disk EDTASM+, but don't execute it. Now load the new
patch program that you just assembled. Finally, save the
new finished product on disk with the command
SAVEM"EDTASM+",&HE80,&H37FF,&HE80.
You now own the revised version of disk EDT ASM+. To
save a block of memory onto disk from Zbug, type "P", then
the start-address, end-address, execution-address and press
ENTER. You will be prompted for the filename. Type it in
as you would in BASIC, but without the quotes. If you don't
specify an extension, none will be assumed. Your block of
memory will then be written to disk.
To load a file under Zbug, simply press L and ENTER.
You will be asked for the filename, and the file will be
loaded. By the way, Zbug has the ability to load a file into
memory offset. I believe Radio Shack forgot to put this in
the manual. If you want to load a file offset, then use this
mickey mouse syntax: L XYZ offset. The XYZ is needed to
keep the Zbug command evaluator from getting confused.
Finally, there is a patch to cure a problem with the Reset
button. When you hit Reset, the SAM chip in the computer
resets the interrupt control register. A patch is therefore
needed to reprogram this register whenever Reset is pressed.
Incidentally, if you are wondering how the new Zbug
patches work, they utilize the ROM routines that normally
process the LOADM and SA VEM statements in BASIC.
That about rounds outthe revisions to disk EDTASM+. I
hope you will find my work helpful. Please feel free to drop
me a line if you are having difficulties, or if you have any
suggestions.
The listings;
00189 t
00190 t
00191 tNEH MATERIAL ADDED TO HAKE ZBUG
00192 tDISK COMPATIBLE, AND TO CURE A
00193 tFEW MINOR BUGS
00194 t
194 the RAINBOW April, 1983
■
-
WORKSAVER RECEIVES
RAVE REVIEWS
FROM COLOR COMPUTER NEWS AND RAINBOW
• Fast Entry of
Basic Programs
• Over 100 user
definable keys
• Enhances all Coco's
from 16K Non Extended
Basic to Extended, 64K,
Disk
• Available on Disk or
cassette
• Built in cassette merge
• User's Support Service
■L
"There are a number of
products on the Coco
market... the WORKSAVER
ranks up there with the
best of them"
—Rainbow Dec. '82]
"undoubtedly the best
program I have ever
bought for my color
computer"
—Color Computer News
Jan. '83
"the main function of the
program seems to be mak-
ing things easier and more\
functional for the user. It
succeeds extremely weir
—Color Computer Newsj
Jan.
THE WORKSAVER WILL SAVE YOU HOURS OF WORK. ..WRITING AND DEBUGGING YOUR PROGRAMS"
— Rainbow Dec '82
i
■
FULL SCREEN EDITOR
WANT TO CHANGE the line a
couple Sines up' ? Simple Use the
arrow keys to the appropriate
place and make the change This is
not only a tot easier, but it is vastly
faster, too .changing tine
numbers, /oining tines together,
breaking them apart, duplicating
them elsewhere -heady stuff -is
.very easy to do with the
Work-saver" (Rainbow)
DYNAMIC EDITING
hi, Line ol our users lavonte
aiti'rt'S When the computer halts
m tu un error, or you wanl to
aKe an improvemenl while run
n{j. you can make changes
Ihuul losing data "This is a ma
r plus in debugging it can save
lot til time in data loads land)
pr generation of data through in
jt-, Rainbow Dec tisi
"The things that this program
add to the color computer...
INCREASE ITS
CAPABILITIES MANIFOLD
...it should have been incor-
porated into the original
MICROSOFT programming (or)
given out with every color com-
puter. "
—Color Computer News Jan '83
THE PLATINUM WORKSAVER
INCLUDES:
• Enhancement program, inducting a
sample array editor on a high-quality
Agfa cassette
* Fully labeled <n;eiate keyboard over
lay, not a cheap stick on
* Complete instructions
• Loads tn seconds, takes 2.2 ft
•TO
DYNAMIC INPUT
Perform numeric calculations
and chech the contents of ar-
rays and variables. WITHOUT in
terrupUng the running of BASIC
programs: An EXTREMELY
valuable feature that t use ALL
the tune "
-Color Computer News Jan '83
NUMERIC KEYPAD
CONVERSION
' The keys JKLUtOP are defined
as the numbers t 7 r respective
fy this mode is a Godsend foi
long data statements
Color Computer News Jan b'3
FULL FEATURED
4 COLOR
KEYBOARD OVERLAY
•'TRUTH: The WORKSAVER
overlay ts the best we haw
seen for this type of pfograni
The Rainbow Dec W2
"A well designed keybo-tfu
overlay (NO J a sticker
— Color Compute* New^ Jjm
Hi
GRAB BAG
GRAB BAG IS THE BIGGEST SOFTWARE BARGAIN
AROUND* NOT A BUNCH OF SPACE-FILLERS BUT
HANDY UTILITIES YOU CAN USE EVERY DAY*
INCLUDES OUR EDITOR AND FILESYS. DISK
RECOVERY? TAPE UTILITIES? AND MORE \
MORE DETAILS IN OUR CATALOG ON TAPE NO 3*
&m BAG IS $49*95. GET BOTH GRAB BAG
AND MASTER DISK FOR 69.95.
MASTER DISK
TROUBLE FINDING YOUR DISK PROGRAMS? MASTER DISK TO THE
RESCUE! ONCE YOU TRY IT YOU'LL HONKER HOU YOU EVER GOT
ALONG WITHOUT IT. NO TYPING REQUIRED ^ MASTER DISK
CREATES FILES DIRECTLY FROM YOUR DISK DIRECTORIES AND
SEARCHES THEM IN 5 MODES. READ ANY DIRECTORY WITHOUT
SWITCHING DISKS. SEARCH ALL YOUR DISKS FOR A DESIRED
FILENAME. FIND DISKS WITH FREE SPACE. INCLUDES
ACCESSORY PROGRAMS TO PRINT AH ALPHABETIC LIST OF ALL
OF YOUR FILES (32K FOR SORT REQUIRED) OR REBUILD A
CRASHED DIRECTORY. NEW UPGRADED VERSION STILL RUNS
IN 16K SYSTEMS. $49.95
DUNGEON MAZE
TIRED OF READING YOUR WAY THROUGH ADVENTURE
GAMES? TAKE A STROLL THROUGH THE DUNGEON
HAZE! SEE THE ROOMS* PASSAGES* AND OBJECT!
AS YOU PASS THROUGH. SEARCH FOR MAGIC ITEMS
YOU NEED TO ESCAPE. FREE THE KIDNAPPED
PRINCESS HELD CAPTIVE BY THE EVIL TROLL*
BEWARE OF MAGIC TRICKS AND TRAPS! 32K
EXTENDED BASIC REQUIRED. $24*95
TAKE A TREK INTO OUTER SPACE TO DEFEAT THE ENEMY FROM
BEYOND THE 6ALAXY. THIS IS NOT JUST ANOTHER PUSH
THE BUTTON AND SHOOT GAME. TO FIND AND DESTROY THE
ENEMY YOU WILL NEED A STEADY HAND AT THE HELM* CLOSE
ATTENTION TO YOUR CONTROL PANEL r AND A LITTLE LUCK.
CALL YOUR CREW FOR REPAIRS* TRY A RUSE* OR GO IN FIRING
TO SAVE OUR GALAXY* "SHIP'S COMPUTER* TELLS YOU SHIP'S
STATUS OR A MAP OF THE KNOWN GALAXY.
REQUIRES 16K EXTENDED BASIC AND INCLUDES 16K NOVICE
VERSION AND 32K VERSION WITH MORE CHALLENGE. $19.95
THIS IS A PACKAGE OF FOUR SIMPLE GAMES JUNlORl
FOR CHILDREN* SOME NON-EXTENDED AND GAMUTS
SOME EXTENDED BASIC. $19.95 up « n
REDUCED RRICES
EDITOR $14*95
FILESYS $9*95
CATALOG
OUR LATEST 1 CATALOG ON TAPE (NO 3) REVISED FOR
LATEST PRICES AND PROGRAMS IS $3* FLIP SIDE HAS
2 NOVELTY PROGRAMS AND A TAPE UTILITY SIMILAR TO
THOSE SEEN ADVERTISED FOR TWICE THIS PRICE.
(SUCH A I€AL!)
MASTER DISK I GRAB BAG AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY.
CATALOG ON TAPE ONLY* ALL OTHERS, TAKE YOUR CHOICE.
SAME PRICE! NO SHIPPING CHARGE* INDIANA RESIDENTS
INCLUDE SALES TAX*
fork feg jfcrftfcan
P.O. Box 30166
Indianapolis, Indiana
46220
COMPUSERVE EMAIL NO. [71645*5143
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♦REVISION 1 - 01/19/83
*
*
♦CLOSE FILES If RETURN TO ZBUG
ZCLOSE JSR SCA3B CLOSE FILES
JMP $1387 RETURN TO ZBUG
*
*
♦ROUTINE TO REINITIALIZE THE
♦SAM CHIP CORRECTLY AFTER
♦RESET IS PRESSED
RESET LDA
#$35
FIX INTERRUPT
STA
$FF03
CONTROL REGISTERS
LDA
#$34
OF THE SAM CHIP
STA
$FF23
THEN RETURN TO
JMP
$3270
EDTASMf RESET ROUTINE
*
*
♦MAKE SURE THE DISK FILE IS CLOSED
♦WHEN ZBUG IS DONE WITH IT
ORG $2D88
JSR ZCLOSE
#
♦PATCH INTO THE RESET ROUTINE
ORG S326B
JMP RESET JUMP TO THE PATCH
*
*
♦FIX INPUT ROUTINE SO THAT IF YOU
♦RESPOND TO "FILENAME?" PROMPT BY
♦HITTING BREAK, YOU WON'T ACCIDENTALLY
♦RETURN TO THE EDITOR
ORG S1EF0
LBEQ $172F
♦
♦
♦MAKE ZBUG'S "P u COMMAND WRITE
♦TO DISK, BY USING THE ROM ROUTINE
♦THAT PROCESSES THE BASIC
♦COMMAND "SAVEM"
ORG $16C9
JMP $CEA2 GO TO ROM ROUTINE
♦
♦
♦MAKE ZBUG'S °L" COMMAND LOAD
♦FROM DISK, BY USING THE ROM ROUTINE
♦THAT PROCESSES THE BASIC
♦COMMAND "LOADM"
ORG
$1641
LDU
ILOAD
GET THE FILENAME
JSR
$15C9
If OPEN IT FOR INPUT
PULS
X
GET THE OFFSET
STX
>$D3
AND STORE IT
PSHS
DP
SAVE DP
CLRA
CLEAR THE
TFR
A, DP
DIRECT PAGE
JSR
$CF07
USE ROM ROUTINE
PULS
DP, PC
RESTORE DP If RETURN
END
START
196 the RAINBOW April, 1983
6809 • FLEX
The same system software on FLEX, OS-9, SSB DOS, RS DOS —
offers portability and easier learning — for Color Computer and SS-50 systems
RANDOM iviMunv
BASIC ASSEMBLER
MACRO
Many commands
compatible with familiar
editors for easy learning.
Edit files larger than
memory.
Many easy line edit
commands including
insert, change, delete
characters within a line.
Macros for repeated edit
sequences.
Merge tiles from disk
to create programs or
manuscripts.
Interfaces with Text
Processor for word
processing.
Great with Macro
Assembler!
WHY COMPUTERWARE
Only Computerware
offers system software
on ALL major 6809
operating systems.
7 years of 68XX
experience and
unmatched expertise.
As you change
operating systems,
there is no need to
re-learn system
packages.
No-one can match the
quality for the price.
* Thousands of existing
programs are now
transportable to
other operating systems.
* Extraordinary File
Handling Capabilities —
ISAM, Random, &
Sequential file structures;
FAST data file access;
Very efficient file design
— records can bridge
sectors.
* 11 Digits of precision —
BCD arithmetic for those
who need extended
precision.
* Flexible User Input
Commands — Conversa
tional" programming is a
snap with commands
designed for easy user
input — single character
or whole lines.
* Easy Output Formatting
— Print Using, automatic
pagination, left & right
justification, easy
columnization and decimal
point alignment.
* Programming's Fast —
The interpreter provides
fast program development
and debugging — it is
self-documenting with
extended variable names.
★ All Standard 6809
mneumonics and directives
supported.
★ Macros allow you to
create often-used routines
only once!
★ Conditional Assembly
allows you to build only
one multi-purpose source
code to generate several
versions, reducing
maintenance significantly!
★ Repeat Sequences
eliminate redundant
coding.
★ Any Size Source File —
assembles from disk.
★ XREF program included
for easy cross-reference
listings
★ Addressing Modes:
inherent, immediate,
relative, direct, extended,
and indexed — all
addressing modes!
FLEX is a trademark of TSC
OS-9 is a trademark of Microware
Dealer Inquiries Invited
XCOMPUTERWARE e
6809 Specialists
Box 668
Encinitas, CA 92024 • (619) 436-3512
Computerware is a trademark of Computerware
CALL
OR
WRITE
FOR
COMPLETE
INFORMATION
RECEIVED & CER TIFIED
The following products have been recently received by the Rainbow, examined by our magazine staff and approved
for the Rainbow Seal of Certification, your assurance that we have seen the product and have ascertained that it is
what it purports to be.
This month the Seal of Certification has been issued to:
TRS-80 Programmers Sourcebook, First
edition, a 67-page (8 Vi x 1 1), soft-cover book
featuring listings for application software,
reference publications and computer clubs.
Edited by J. Bradley Flippen, OCEAN, P.O.
Box 2331, Springfield, VA 22152, $4.95.
Basic Programming Primer, a new, ex-
panded second edition, 368-page ringbound
soft cover, (9 x 6Vi), primer for those who $22.95
want to learn BASIC. Written by Mitchell
Waite and Michael Pardee. Published by
Howard W. Sams & Co. Inc., P.O. Box
7092, Indianapolis, IN 46206, $17.95.
ports. Also available from Universal Data
Research, Inc., Part I-$99., Part II-$99.
Moneypak, a 32K ECB learning program
for home or school which enables youngs-
ters to gain skill in using money and making
purchases. Package includes play money
and is available from Computer Island, 227
Hampton Green, Staten Island, NY 10312,
Old McDonald's Farm Vowels, an educa-
tional vowel drill program for beginning
readers through second grade. Requires 16K
ECB. Available from Teksym Corp., 14504
Pro-Color File,Version 2.0, 32K disk sys- Country Road 15 Minneapolis, MN 55441,
tern. The 2.0 version is being sold for $79.95; *^
however, owners of the 1.0 version should
Grand Slam Bridge, a 32K card game pro-
gram. Available from Greentree Software,
P.O. Box 97, Greenwood, IN 46 1 42, cassette
have already received letters offering the
new version for a $20.00 upgrade fee, which
includes a new manual and diskette. Availa-
ble from Derringer Software, P.O. Box
5300, Florence, SC 29501
Super-Pro Replacement Keyboard Kit, a
direct replacement professional keyboard
kit for CoCo and the TDP-I00. It has the
same key layout as your original keyboard.
Mark Data Products, 24001 Alicia Pkwy.,
No. 226, Mission Viejo, CA 92691, $69.95.
Dynacalc, an electronic spreadsheet pro-
gram with a 41-page manual for Flex users.
Sold by Computer Systems Center, 13461
Olive Blvd., Chesterfield, MO 63017, $200.
Spectran, a program written for the 16 K or
32K Disk ECB. Allows you to translate
Spectaculator files to ASCII, or vice versa.
Availabltffrom Crimson Software, 32 Bev-
erly Heights, Tuscaloosa, AL 35404, $25.
Church Contributions Program, software
and 20-page manual package primarily de-
signed to facilitate the task of recording
envelope collections. Maintains its own data
files. Available from Universal Data
search, Inc., 2457 Wehrle Dr., Buffalo, NY
14221, $99.
Single Entry Ledger, software and a 10-page
10 handle
msinesses.
ipany's Data Ba
lilable fro
manual. Desi
for home ai
with the
program.
Data Reses
Balanced Billing Program, software and 15-
page manual provide a menu-driven, billing
package that maintains its own data files,
provides reports, and prints invoices and
mailing labels. Also available from Univer-
sal Data Research, Inc., $99.
Data Base Manager, software and manual
for the TRS-80 Model III and CoCo. This
program is designed to organize all your
data and provide you with meaningful re-
$19.95.
3-D Tic-Tac-Toe, a game for one player
against CoCo, or two players against each
other. More than 150 winning combina-
tions. On cassette, 32K ECB, $14.95 or 32K
disk $19.95. Available from Q Soft, 1006
Robinhood Drive, Painsville, OH 44077.
Zaxxon, an arcade-style game. Objective:
you are a pilot of a fighter spacecraft on a
mission to meet and destroy the deadly
Zaxxon robot. Available from Data Soft,
Inc., 9421 Winnetra Avenue, Chatsworth,
CA 9131 1, cassette or diskette $39.95.
Zaksund, a "3-D color graphics," arcade
style game in 32K machine language. Objec-
tive: fly your spaceship through enemy star-
bases and avoid guided missles^lasers, and
firing turrents, and reach their leader —
Zaksund. KORG Polysix Synthesies sound.
Available from Elite Software, Box 1 1224,
(Pittsburgh, PA 1 5238, $24.95 cassette, $27.95
disk.
Deprec, Multiple Depreciation Analysis, a
program that will calculate depreciation
expense using various methods. Available
from B. C Engineering, P.O. Box 768.
Manchester, MO 63011, S 10.95. "
Intrst I, Home Interest Calculator, a pro-
gram that will calculate answers for various
question about loans or money deposited in
interest bearing accounts. Also available
from B.C. EneineerinR, $12.95.
INSIMB, a 6809 machine code instruction
simulator which uses about 8K. Together
with Imint (included), will simulate all 6809
instructions. Also available from B, C. Engi-
neering, $39.95.
■■:.•<
Stock Option Strategies allows you to devise
your own stock option strategies, covered
options, straddles, calls and puts, percent
gains and losses. Graphed in color. No data
base is required. Menu driven, 16K cassette.
Available from Greentree Software, P.O.
Box 97, Greenwood, IN 46142, $14.95.
Doubleback, Graphics game for 4K and
joysticks. One or two players. Accumulate
points by circling an assortment of objects as
they materialize on the screen. Challenge
posed by rapidly fading trail and obstacles
which suddenly appear in your path. Radio
Shack Catalog No. 26-3091, $24.95.
The Sands of Egypt, an Adventure game
with graphics. As you attempt to overcome
the scorching elements of the desert, you try
to find the treasure in as few moves as possi-
ble and claim the treasure. Radio Shack
Catalog No. 26-3290, $29.95.
Color Disk SpectacuJator, an electronic spread-
sheet program that does forecasting, plan-
ning, budgeting and problem solving. In-
cludes a 54-page manual divided into five
parts. Radio Shack. Catalog No. 26-3256,
$59.95.
Personafile, is a central filing system for 16K
or 32K ECB. It allows up to 540 records with
up to 250 different subjects. Radio Shack
Catalog No. 26-3260, $59.95.
Color Disk Scripsit, word processing pro-
gram. Lets you create correct-free letters,
themes and reports. Radio Shack Catalog
No. 26-3255, $59.95.
Madness & the Minotaur, a 16K Adventure
game. You are a prisoner in the Labyrinth
castle and are trying to escape from seven
creatures with six treasures divided among
them. Radio Shack Catalog No. 26-3313,
$14.95.
TRS-80 Color Computer Quick Reference
Guide, a 7 1-page ringbound, sof tcover (8 Vi x
3"/2>, manual. Radio Shack Catalog No. 26-
3194, $4.95.
Images II, a data tape packed with pictures
for the programs Art Gallery and Micro
Painter. Radio Shack Catalog No. 26-3301,
$8.95.
Vocabulary Tutor I, an educational vocabu-
lary program for ages 8-10. Uses pictures,
text and recorded speech for the TRS-80.
Radio ShacldCatalog No. 26-2568, $8.95.
Color Graphic Printer Package, a series of
programs including a bar graph and pie
graph for use with Extended Color BASIC,
the CPG-1 15 color printer and one joystick.
Available from Dragonfly Software, 12503
Davan, Colesville, MD 20904, $18.
Game Package I, includes Alien, Starship
and MX Missile Peace Keeper. ECB and one
joystick. Available from Dragonfly Soft-
ware, 12503 Davan, Colesville, MD 20904,
$14.
The Seal of Certification program is open to all manufacturers of products for the TRS-80 Color Computer, the
TDP-100, or the Dragon-32, regardless of whether they advertise in the Rainbow. By awarding a Seal, the magazine
certifies the program does exist, but this does not constitute any guarantee of satisfaction. As soon as possible, these
hardware or software items will be forwarded to the Rainbow's reviewers for evaluation.
— Jutta Kapfhammer
198 tht RAINBOW April, 1983
THE GREATEST
SOFTWARE DEAL
ON EARTH
Tame your computer without breaking your wallet's spirit! Quality
programs on tape for the price of peanuts
A subscription to Chromasette Magazine consists of 6 to 8
ready-to-load useful, practical and fun programs delivered by First Class
Mail every month. Programs like Curve Fit, Diggem, Graph Text, List Mod,
Robot Run, House Adventure, and Keep Text.
Treat yourself to a great show — get a subscription to Chromasette
Magazine. Or catch a single act and try a back issue. You'll be delighted
by the tricks your computer will do
The Bottom Line:
1 year (12 issues) $50.00
6 months
(6 issues) $30.00
Single Copies $ 6.00
Calif, residents add 6% to single copies.
North America — First Class postage
included.
Overseas — add $10 to subscriptions and
$1 to single copies. Sent AO rate.
The Fine Print:
All issues from July 1981 available — ask for list. Programs are for the
Extended BASIC model and occasionally for disks.
"Qvtomabette.
MAGAZINE
P.O. Box 1087 Santa Barbara. C A 93 1 02 (805)963-1066 MasterCard /Visa
BASIC TRAINING
Let's Share Some Of Your Useful Hints
By Joseph Kolar
Rainbow Contributing Editor
Nobody has a monopoly on ideas! You may have found
an easier, simpler or less expensive way to do something that
may be of use to Rainbow readers. If it is not too advanced
or complex, why not sit down and write up your hint,
observation or innovation? Send it to me at 1 706 Dickinson
Street, Inverness, Florida, 32650. We, through the Rainbow,
will share it with others beginners.
Let's pause and consider some hints and suggestions that
you may, or may not, find useful.
Have you noticed all the good ideas and hints that appear
in the Rainbow? Why not copy the ones that you feel are
useful or interesting into your personal reference notebook?
Never cut them out of the Rainbow. You will only be
chopping up a good reference source. Copy the essence into
your private reference notebook and if some of them are of
doubtful value now but show promise for the future when
you become more sure of yourself, why not reserve a page in
your notebook, listing the j ist of the hint, the page and issue
of the Rainbow? Later on, as your horizons expand, you can
easily locate and refer to it.
The information in the Rainbow never gets stale and for
you recent beginners who have just subscribed to the
Rainbow, it will be wise to consider purchasing the back
issues. Now, that's a hint!
You have been having fun making up and saving some
programs to tape. About every six months, after you have
absorbed and digested new information and have advanced
in ability, pull out and review some of the programs that you
created. They need not be long and involved but they should
be your own work.
You will discover thatyou have new insights and expanding
awareness regarding your programming abilities and will
see many ways to improve, enhance or expand your earlier
works. So, what are you waiting for? Rework the program!
Two things will be verified: I) the extent of your progress
since you first created the program; and 2) your increased
ability to utilize your new knowledge. In fact, you may have
advanced far enough to say, "bye, bye, beginners ! " and head
for higher ground.
When you are making up a program, it is best to put in the
REM after you are finished. You can tack REMS after
individual lines to clarify what the line contains. Sometimes,
in your REM you may refer to other line numbers. If you
decide to RENUM the program lines, the RENUM feature
will not change the line numbers in the REMs. Often, you
forget to check the REMs and change the reference to line
numbers. When running through the listing, those REMs
will be incorrect, useless and confusing. So, make it a point
to put in the REMs just before you put it on tape.
Let's say you have a cassette tape that contains many
programs, your tape is positioned after the last entry, and
you want to CLOAD the last program. You can avoid
wasting time rewinding to the beginning and then fast
forwarding by doing the following: 1 ) reset counter to 000; 2)
subtract the ending number of the program from the
program; 3) rewind until you get the counter back the
required units. (Example: program is 14 units long. Add
two, which results in 16. rewind to 984). Cload "XXX"
ENTER. If you get an I / O message, it means you overrode
the start of the program. Back up a few more digits and try
again. Now you know one of the benefits of listing the
ending counter number on the title card as well as leaving
ample space between programs.
Be careful when going into the EDIT mode not to
absentmindedly key in 1250 instead of EDIT 1250 and then
press ENTER. This will delete line number 1250 and you
will have nothing to edit. Likewise if you key in 1250 or
1250-1280 when you intended to key in LIST 1250 or LIST
1250-1280 and press ENTER, you will delete line number
1 250 in both cases. You are likely to make these errors when
in a frenzy of creativity your hand is quicker than your eye.
The only real solution is that when you key in EDIT, or
LIST specific lines, you scan the entry before pressing
ENTER. If you practice this cautionary action, you will
soon make it an automatic response. This is one of those
times when haste makes waste!
A similar error may occur when you are in the EDIT
mode and want to press the "X" to get to the end of the line.
You maypressthe"C"inerror. Again, make ita point when
pressing the "X" to see that you are really at the end of the
line. Otherwise, you may wind up doing strange things to the
line you are editing.
If you own a LPVII printer and use the screen print
program (R.S. 26-3021), you may inadvertantly press the
"shift" and "up arrow" while you are editing your listing and
the printer is on. This will start your printer clacking away,
creating an unwanted picture and wasting your time.
Happily, there is a solution available in your home.
Search around the house for a bottle cap that is about the
size that is on an aspirin tablet bottle. Some thimbles may
fit. Break of f the handle from a plastic coffee measure if it is
the small size.
Just place the cap over the "up arrow" key and you can
edit to your heart's content without worrying about pressing
that no-no key.
Remember that spring-loaded clothespin that you use on
the extended handle of your cassette player to hold work
that you are copying? That clothes pin can also serve as a
handy pencilholder. Just press the pencil between the two
pieces. It will be held firmly and be ready for action when-
ever you are.
If you are using an improvised typing-stand as descripbed
in the first article, you may find that many soft-covered
books, as well as hard-covered books, will not stay open to a
desired page. The pages have a tendency to flip over and lose
your place.
You can solve this easily. Use the cardboard backing of an
8V£ x 1 1 writing tablet, a piece of stiff corrugated cardboard,
a piece of veneer plywood, plexiglass or some other suitable,
thin-but-firm material.
Open your soft-covered book to the desired page, clip
each side of the open book, at the upper right corner and the
200 tho RAINBOW April, 1983
TRS-80 COLOR
AARDVARK
COMMODORE 24 VIC-20 SINCLAIR/TIMEX TI99
A*
QUEST - A NEW IDEA IN ADVENTURE
GAMESI Different from all the others.
Quest is played on a computer generated
map of Alesia. Your job is to gather men
and supplies by combat, bargaining, explor-
ation of ruins and temples and outright
banditry. When your force is strong enough,
you attack the Citadel of Moorlock in a
life or death battle to the finish. Playable
in 2 to 5 hours, this one is different every
time. 16k TI99, TRS-80 Color, and Sinclair,
13K VIC-20. $14.95 each.
32K TRS 80 COLOR Version $24.95.
Adds a second level with dungeons and
more Questing.
CATERPILLAR
O.K., the Caterpillar does look a lot like a
Centipede. We have spiders, falling fleas,
monsters traipsing across the screen, poison
mushrooms, and a lot of other familiar
stuff. COLOR 80 requires 16k and Joy-
sticks. This is Edson's best game to date.
$19195 for TRS 80 COLOR.
ADVENTURES!!?
The Adventures below are written in BASIC,
are full featured, fast action, full plotted ad-
ventures that take 30-50 hours to play. (Ad-
ventures are interactive fantasies. It's like
reading a book except that you are the main
character as you give the computer, com-
mands like "Look in the Coffin" and'"Light
the torch.")
Adventuring requires 16k on Sinclair,
TRS-80, and TRS-80 Color. They require 8k
on OSI and 13k on VIC-20. Sinclair requires
extended BASIC. Now available for TI99.
Any Commodore 64.
$14.95 Tape - $19.95 Disk.
ESCAPE FROM MARS
(by Rodger Olsen )
This ADVENTURE takes place on the RED
PLANET. You'll have to explore a Martian
city and deal with possibly hostile aliens to
survive this one. A good first adventure.
PYRAMID (by Rodger Olsen)
This is our most challenging ADVENTURE.
It is a treasure hunt in a pyramid full of
problems. Exciting and tough I
DERELICT
(by Rodger Olsen & Bob Anderson)
New winner in the toughest adventure from
Aardvark sweepstakes. This one takes place
on an alien ship that has been deserted for a
thousand years — and is still dangerous I
Dungeons of Death — Just for the 16k TRS-
80 COLOR, this is the first D&D type game
good enough to qualify at Aardvark. This is
serious D&D that allows 1 to 6 players to go
on a Dragon Hunting, Monster Killing, Dun-
geon Exploring Quest. Played on an on-
screen map, you get a choice of race and
character (Human, Dwarf, Soldier, Wizard,
etc.), a chance to grow from game to game,
and a 15 page manual. At the normal price
for an Adventure ($14.95 tape, $19.95 disk),
this is a giveaway.
WIZARDS TOWER — This is very similar to
Quest (see above). We added wizards, magic,
dragons, and dungeons to come up with a
Quest with a D&D flavor. It requires 16k
extended color BASIC. $14.95 Tape,
$19.95 Disk. VIC 20 Commodore 64.
Please specify system on all orders
PLANET RAIDERS - Not just another de-
fenders copy, this is an original program
good in its own right. You pilot a one man
ship across a planetary surface dogfighting
with alien ships and blasting ground installa-
tions while you rescue stranded troopers.
Rescue all the troopers and be transported
to another harder, faster battle. Joysticks
required. ALL MACHINE CODEI EDSONS
BEST! 16K Tape TRS80COLOR $19.95 -
32K Disk $21.95.
BASIC THAT ZOOOMMS!!
AT LAST AN AFFORDABLE COMPILER!
The compiler allows you to write your
programs in easy BASIC and then auto-
matically generates a machine code equiv-
alent that runs 50 to 150 times faster.
It does have some limitations. It takes at
least 8k of RAM to run the compiler and it
does only support a subset of BASIC—
about 20 commands including FOR, NEXT,
END, GOSUB,GOTO,IF, THEN, RETURN,
END, PRINT, STOP, USR (X), PEEK,
POKE, *,/,+, -, > , < ,= VARIABLE
NAMES A-Z f SUBSCRIPTED VARIABLES,
and INTEGER NUMBERS FORM 0-64K.
TINY COMPILER is written in BASIC. It
generates native, relocatable 6502 or 6809
code. It comes with a 20-page manual and
can be modified or augmented by the user.
$24.95 on tape or disk for OSI, TRS-80
Color, VIC 20, or Commodore 64.
SEAWOLFE - ALL MACHINE CODE In
this high speed arcade game, you lay out
patterns of torpedoes ahead of the attacking
PT boats. Requires Joysticks, at least 13k
RAM, and fast reflexes. Lots of Color and
Sound. A fun game. Tape or Disk for Vic20,
Commodore 64, and TRS-80 Color.
$14.95 Tape -$19.95 Disk.
Dealers — We have the best deal going for
you. Good discounts, exchange programs,
and factory support. Send for Dealer Infor-
mation.
Authors — Aardvark pays the highest com-
missions in the industry and gives programs
the widest possible advertising coverage.
Send a Self Addressed Stamped Envelope
for our Authors Information Package.
Adventures and Quest now available
for TI99
ALSO FROM AARDVAR K — This is only a partial list of what we carry. We have a lot of other games (particularly for the
TRS-80 Color and OSI), business programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1.00 for our complete catalog.
AARDVARK
2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088 / (313) 669-3110
Phone Orders Accepted 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.
$2.00 shipping on each order
A4INBCW
upper left corner with two clothespins. Place it in position
on your stand and you will be able to type without the
annoyance of f lipstand and you will be able to type without
the annoyance of flipping pages. Experiment to get the best
results for your personal set-up.
This will also work effectively on hard-covered books and
magazines provided that they are not too bulky. When not
in use, clip the clothespins to the desk lamp you have in back
of your stand or in some convenient place. The clothespins
make good conversation pieces when you have visitors to
your work area.
A neat way to keep the Rainbow open to a desired page
when you want to key in some listing, is to open the maga-
zine to the desired page, loosely fold the facing page in back
of the cardboard/ wood backing and clip it in two places,
with you know what, on the top edge with the backing in
between. When finished with that side, it should be no
problem to clip the other side, except that the loose f old will
be on the oposite side.
If you are copying f rom slick paper that reflects light, and
you use a desk lamp in back of your typing stand, you will
find by moving the lamp around that the portion you are
copying can be made reflection-free.
Finally, if your cassette gets much use, the "play" key may
not remain depressed because it is worn. As a temporary
remedy, when pressing the "play" key, wedge one of the
tapered ends of a clothes-pin in back of the "play" key and it
will keep it in position so that you will be able to play and/ or
record until you get it fixed.
There is a way to fix the "play" key without returning it to
Radio Shack or buying a new cassette, if it is a CRT-80A.
Mine has gone out a few times and since it is working fine,
the rule is: don't fool with it! When it goes again, I plan to
write up the remedy in detail and off er it as a hint in a f uture
article. In the meantime, if you are having problems with the
"play" key on your CRT-80A, drop me a line and I will be
glad to give you the remedy.
Keep creating, and if you have some hint to share, let this
article be your conduit.
Back Issue Availability
Back copies of many issues of the RAINBOW are still
available.
All back issues sell for the single issue cover price — which
is $2 for copies of Volume I, Numbers 1-8 (through
February, 1982), $2.50 for Volume I, Numbers 9, 10 and 12
(through June except May, 1982) and $2.95 for those issues
thereafter. In addition, there is a $3.50 charge per order for
postage and handling if sent by United Parcel Service and $6
for orders sent U.S. Mail. UPS will not deliver to a post
office box or to another country. This charge applies
whether you want one back issue or all of them.
Most back issues are available on white paper in a reprint
form. Issues out of print include May, July, August,
September, October, November,and December, 1982 and
January, February, 1983. VISA, MasterCard and American
Express accepted. Kentucky residents please add 5 percent
state sales tax.
Due to heavy demand, we suggest you order back issues
you want now while supplies last.
In addition, copies of the cover only of the July, 1982,
Anniversary Issue are available separately f or $ 1 each, plus
50 cents shipping and handling. These are suitable for
framing.
VOICE RECOGNITION
For your 16K TRS-80 Extended Basic Color Computer
Using your cassette recorder's condenser microphone, the COLOR TALK TO A£ software
package can let you use your own voice as an alternate means of input for any of
your BASIC programs. Over 200 words can be stored in 16K RAM. With a little
practice, you can attain from 80% to over 90% accuracy for most applications.
The COLOR TALK TO A£ Software Package includes:
-COLOR TALK TO A£ machine language subroutine
-The BASIC subroutine which can merge COLOR TALK TO A£ with your programs
-Complete instructions on how to use and incorporate COLOR TALK TO At
in BASIC proqrams
-Two application programs:
1. VOICE CALC- Use your voice to enter arithmetic problems and VOICE CALC
will display the solution.
2. SCREEN PAINTER- Say a color and the screen will be painted that color.
ALL OF THIS ON TWO CASSETTES FOR ONLY $49.95!!!
Color Soft Software will soon be releasing voice recognition programs which can be
used once you buy COLOR TALK TO A£. Coming soon: Connect More, Crosswords & more!
ATTENTION PROGRAMMERS: ColorSoft Software will market original voice recognition
programs using COLOR TALK TO AC with excellent royalties in return.
Dealer
Inquiries
Invited
Send check or money order to: ColorSoft Software Co.
Add $2.00 shipping 11764 Raintree Ct.
MI residents add 4% sales tax Utica, MI 48087
202 the RAINBOW April, 1983
/WE DO BASIC BETTER^
Experience High Resolution Graphics
and Speed Unsurpassed in Color
Computer Extended Basic Software
GALLOPING
GAMBLERS
Those who have tried It agree that GALLOPING
GAMBLERS Is eo addictive, so exciting, that you and
your whole family will alt cheering for your horse to
win.
No Joysticks are required for this 4 player game. Place
your bets on the variable odds and then wait for the
sound of post time. .arid... they 're off.
Qame Includes color graphics with score end birds-
eye view of the race track. Can you last all twelve
races?
We dare you to try.
$18.95
GATOR ZONE-
Is the first video computer game that takes a "byte''
out of the Prsppy craze! You can finally get even with
those pesty Ivy League snobs by blasting away at a
hoat of Preppy Qatore on their home planet of "Prep-
tune". You have to be quick, or the gators will gob-
ble up your shlrtel This Is comic arcade fun at Its best.
Includes high-resolution graphics, on-screen scoring,
Joystick action, and three levels of play.
An 1MB original!
$18.95
STAR SIEGE PLUS-
Dlacusted with Space Battle games In which your
space craft looks Ilka an asterisk?
STAR SIEQEMt you and your friend (or anemy) pilot
two high resolution space ships while trading laser
bleats. The first to tske ten hits loses, but watch out
for that pesty alien saucerl He wants to see to It that
you both get vaporized.
Also Includes two player TANK TORCHER game.
$18.95
METEOR STORM-
If you are bored with space obstacle games that place
you as a distant observer from a point far off in space,
then METEOR STORM is for you. Enjoy the thrill of
bleating the approaching meteors from the cockpit
of your own spacecraft. Watch the meteors grow In
size until. . . I
16K Color Extended Required. Includes sound
enhanced laser blasts, multl game scoring, and three
levels of play.
$12.95
SELECT-A-GAME-
combines 3of IMB's finest bonus gsmes In one slm-
pleload! You can switch back and forth from "ALPINE
AUENS", "OH, GOBI", snd "ZELDA'S BAT BOTTLE".
All contsln stunning color grsphlcs snd high speed
sctlon. Even If you slready own one or more of these
games, you will wsnt this fine package.
$18.95
MICRO-MATH
SKILLS QUIZ-
is a fine math drill for students st or below the 3rd
grade msth level. Includes automatic grade tally, and
IN KEY entry with large print, high-resolution graphics.
This Is s must for educators!
$12.95
CREATAVADER-
Now you can design your own "Invader-style" gsme
for your Color Computer. Includes sit the routines
needed for customizing the creatures you hate the
most. Full Instructions Included. Creste your own
targets or select from s menu of seven predesigned
four color tsrgets.
$18.95
COLOR
WORDCLONE-
Turn your Color Computer Into a supertype writer.
Screen displays 50 characters by 23 lines In real up-
per and lowercase. User modifiable. Remove our
character generator and use It in your own basic pro-
gram. This Is an easy to use word processor. The
character generator alone is worth the price of the
tape. Works with tape or disk.
$18.95
KOSMIC KAMIKAZE-
Our best selling high resolution, deep spsce arcade
game which the RAINBOW called "...the best
spaceship graphics we have seen In a non-machine
language program." Battle high speed alien saucers,
decoy ships, bonus killer crafts and speeding comets.
ADVANCED
STAR*TRENCH
WARFARE-
This High Resolution Color Qame has the most
elaborate graphics of any Color Computer Qame
created to date. You'll be amazed by the remarkable
speed and flicker-free animation found In this graphic
space challenge. Program Includes a moving trench,
cockpit perspective, on-screen rapid scoring, energy
and shlpgauges,automatic high score tally, joystick
control, and a recharge and crash sequence you'll
hsve to see to believe. Use yourown 3-D gi uses and
add sn amazing sense of depth to this classic game.
Truly a must for every Color Computer.
$18.95
$18.95
STARBASE ATTACK-
Why be a loser? Here's an arcade game you can play
to win. In other space city defense games you play
until you lose. STARBASE ATTACK Is totally different.
Your mission Is to clear a path for the escape vehicles
which will carry your people to safety. Not only that,
but you must also maneuver your own escape before
alien warheads or a wave of killer asteroids level your
dome-covered cities. You control high energy laser
blasts and expansion shields, but watch outl You
might end up the one who doesn't escape.
$12.95
SUPER DISC WITH ALL 11 PROGRAMS
A VALUE OF $171.50 JUST $59.95 POST. PAID.
ILLUSTRATED MEMORY BANKS
P.O. BOX 289
WILLIAMSTOWN, MA 01267
VISA AND MASTERCARD ACCEPTED •
CALL (413) 663-9648 3-7 PM. EST.
RAINBOW
MENTION THE RAINBOW AND SELECT ONE FREE PROGRAM FOR
EVERY TWO $18.95 PROGRAMS YOU ORDER.
Federal Hill Software
Coco-Accountant
Was income tax a chore this year? Use
the power of your Color Computer to make those
deductions a breeze. Keep track of household
or business expenses quickly and easily using
data from your canceled checks. 16K version
handles 200 entries; 32K handles up to 450.
Both versions:
* List expenses by month
* List expenses by account (year or month)
* List expenses by payee (year or month)
* Sort checks by date
* List to screen or printer.
In addition, 32K version flags deductible
checks, flags checks subject to sales tax and
computes the sales tax you paid. 16K or 32K
Cassette $15.95. 32K Disk $21.95.
Blackjaq!
This is as close as you can get to the
real thing without losing your shirt. A full
casino simulation with five players and dealer,
up to six decks and lightning fast action.
Play alone (the computer plays vacant hands
by card-counting rules) or invite your friends.
Blackjaq keeps track of everyone's winnings
and losings, gives card counting pointers,
and, at your option, prints out the results
of every hand. Amazing value. 16K EXT. Tape
$19.95. Disk $24.95.
Koko Math!
Are your kids bored with educational
programs? Let KOKO the math clown make
arithmetic a joy. Get 10 problems right and
give him a bath. Colorful graphics and music
will make this program a hit with your
youngsters. Add subtract, multiply or divide;
three difficulty Does not require Ext. Basic.
$8.95.
Software Review . . .
LList-Rite A Handy
Inexpensive Utility
You cannot tell a book by looking at the cover. The same
evidently holds true for looking at software's document.
When I looked at the documentation for LLIST-RITE I did
not see anything spectacular that the program was going to
do for me (this is not saying the documentation is inad-
equate — I will cover that later), I was in for a pleasant
surprise.
First and foremost, you need CoCo, a printer, and a
cassette. LLIST-RITE comes on a cassette and runs in 16 K
or 32K Extended BASIC. It can be used to LLIST and
length BASIC program that is CSA VED in ASCII format.
The ASCII version can be simply gotten by CSA VE "pro-
gram name," A. It observes page boundaries, e.g., gives you
eight character wide left/ right margins and margins at the
top and bottom of each page.
LLIST- RITE prints in two columns which saves paper for
its type of listing. It sets the line numbers apart from the text
of the program where they can be easily f ound, breaks down
miltiple statements, and lists IF- THEN- ELS Eon separate
lines so they logically make sense. It also gives you a screen
display of the line it is currently working on, so you know
where the program is at all times.
LLIST-RITE has only 4,367 characters and therefore
CLOADS quickly. It is written totally in Extended BASIC
and has plenty of REM's to help you understand how it
works and modify it if you desire. I modify most programs I
buy to make them customized for my use so this was espe-
cially handy for me.
LLIST-RITE has a short but adequate documentation
which states (in part) "If dissatisfied with LIST-RITE return
package for a full refund." I would like to see this added to
the documentation of all the software for CoCo. I'm quite a
dreamer!
I cloaded LLIST-RITE in my 32K CoCo, picked out a
program that I had previously CSAVED in ASCII, and
began to get a listing on my Line Printer VIII, Beautiful!
LLIST-RITE lists your program in two columns, gives
adequate margins for storing in a three-ring binder, and
makes the listing highly legible. Since a picture is worth a
thousand words. . .
Here is a sample LLIST of a program using CoCo's
ROM!
520 LN=25-J:Q=2: GOSUB 770:IFLEN<
I*)>2THEN GOSUB 810: LN=LEN < I*) : J
=-i:l*<I)=l*<I)+" m :goto 500 el
SE N=0: I *= " " : GOTO700
Here is the exact same line the way LLIST-RITE says it!
520
LN=25-J
521
9
:Q=2
522
r
GOSUB 770
523
9
: IF LEN<I*) >2
524
9
THEN GOSUB 810
525
9
:ln=len<i*)
526
?
: J=-i
527
9
:L*(l)«L*(i>+"
528
9
:GOTO 500
529
9
ELSE LN=0
530
9
: l*=" "
531
9
:goto 700
Printer Art!
Turn your printer into an artist with
this collection of 12 printer drawings. Clipper
ship, palm trees, witches, Christmas cards
and other delightful compositions to decorate
report covers, hang on the wall or amuse your
friends. Use program as is or pull out drawings
for subroutines in your own programs. 16K
EXT. Tape $14.95, Disk $19.95.
Federal Hill Software
825 William Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21230
204 the RAINBOW April, 1983
MODEL I
BASIC: Buff & Blue
5 Panels, 10 Pages
(For the Classroom)
Memory Map.
Easy Graphics.
Basic Statements.
Basic Functions.
Basic Facts.
Special Characters.
Basic Commands.
Edit Subcommands.
PRINT USING Examples.
Message & Codes.
Reserved Words.
Special Keys.
Ascii Character Chart,
with Space Compression Codes.
Control Codes.
Basic Internal Codes.
Hex/Dec Conversion Chart.
Screen Line Layout.
BASIC & ASSEMBLER: Buff
8 Panels, 16 Pages
(For the Pro)
Complete Z80 Instructions-
Assembler Instructions.
Commands, Operators.
Editor/Assembler Commands,
and Edit Subcommands.
Flags, Conditions, & Chart.
Internal Routines.
Assembler Error Msgs.
Plus Most Items in the Basic Card
MODEL II
BASIC & ASSEMBLER: Green
10 Panels, 20 Pages
(For the Business)
Small Memory Map.
Screen Layout.
Easy Graphics.
Complete Z80 Instructions.
Series-1 Assembler Instr.
Commands, Operators, and Edit
Subcommands.
Assembler Error Msgs.
Power-up Error Msgs.
Flags, Conditions, & Chart.
Wild Cards, DOS Messages.
SVC Procedure Panel.
Host Logon Pane 1 .
Version 2.0 Lib Command Formats
and System Utility Formats.
Basic Functions & Statements.
DOS File Naming Convention.
Basic Commands & Edit
Subcommands.
Special Keys.
Basic Internal Codes and
Reserved Words.
Basic Msgs. & Codes.
PRINT USING Examples.
Special Characters.
"DO" Utilities & BASIC Command.
Ascii Character Chart with SVC
Names and Numbers.
Control Codes.
MODEL
BASIC: Blue & Buff
6 Panels, 12 Pages
(For the Classroom)
Special Characters.
Kana Characters.
Euro-Characters.
Memory Map.
Special Keyboard Functions.
Ascii Char. Chart w/Space
Compression Codes.
Control Codes.
Cassette Loading Err Msgs.
Basic Commands, Edit
Subcommands, Special Chars.,
Basic Statements, Facts,
Functions, Derived Functions,
Special Operations (POKEs).
PRINT USING Examples.
Basic Msgs. & Codes.
Basic Internal Codes.
Reserved Words.
Screen Line Layout.
BASIC & ASSEMBLER: Blue
10 Panels, 20 Pages
(For the Pro)
Complete Z80 Instructions.
Assembler Instructions, Commands,
Operators.
Series I Editor/Assembler
Commands & Edit Subcommands.
Flags, Conditions, & Chart.
Hex/Dec Conversion Chart.
Assembler Error Msgs.
Internal CALL Routines.
Break Processing Procedure.
Plus all items in the Basic card.
COLOR
BASIC & EXTENDED:
Grey ♦ 9 Colors.
8 Panels 16 pages
(For the Artist)
All Color Graphics.
System Commands.
PRINT USING Examples.
Special Characters.
Special Keys.
Cassette Loading Err Msgs.
Basic Functions & Statements.
Playing Music, Making a Circle,
ana Drawing Panels.
Derived Functions.
Messages & Codes.
Musical Notes, by Octave, in
Color, Including Rests and Time.
Memory Map.
Reserved Words.
Internal Codes.
A Page of Tips.
Ascii Char. Codes Chart.
Including Inverse Graphics
and Color Graphics.
Control Codes.
Color Group Chart.
Pmode Information Summary.
Screen Line Layout.
Extended Graphics Pmode
Illustrations.
APPLE II & II PLUS
BASIC: Red & Pink
7 Panels, 14 Pages
(For the Classroom)
48K Memory Map
APPLESOFT and INTEGER BASIC.
Basic Statements.
Basic Functions.
Derived Functions.
Special Characters & Operators.
System & Utility Commands.
Pokes, Peeks, Calls.
Monitor Commands.
Key & Control Functions.
APPLESOFT Internal Codes.
APPLESOFT Reserved Words.
Integer Basic Addressing.
DOS 3.3 Command Summary.
Color Selection Chart.
Error Msgs. & Handling.
Reading Macrunfe Language.
Hex/Dec Conversion Chart
ASCII, Print, Video, 6502, Integer
and APPLESOFT Code Reference
Chart, 0-255.
Basic & 6602: Red
8 Panels, 16 Pages
(For the Pro)
All features of the Basic Card, Plus:
6502 Timing.
6502 Language Simplified.
Flags & Conditions with Reference
Chart.
POCKET
Please send me:
BASIC: Purple
5 Panels, 10 Pages
Operating Characteristics
Memory Types and Limitations.
Modes of Operation.
PRO Mode.
RUN Mode.
RESERVE Mode.
DEF Mode
Fixed Variable Facts and
References.
System Function Keys.
Math and Logic Function Keys.
Normal Character Keys.
Special Characters and
Function Keys.
Basic Commands.
Cassette Interface Commands.
Reserved Words.
Math and Numeric Functions.
Derived Functions.
Basic Statements.
Error Messages and Codes.
USING Statement Examples
and more. . . !
A pocket card for your
pocket computer.
Card Price
Copies of MODEL I BASIC & ASSEMBLER $4.95
Copies of MODEL I BASIC-ONLY 2.95
Copies of MODEL II BASIC & ASSEMBLER 5.95
Copies of MODEL II SVC 2.95
Copies of MODEL II COMMANDS & UTILITIES 3.95
Copies of MODEL III BASIC & ASSEMBLER 5.95
Copies of MODEL III BASIC-ONLY 3.95
Copies of COLOR BASIC AND EXTENDED 4.95
Copies of POCKET BASIC 2.95
Copies of APPLE II & II PLUS BASIC 3.95
Copies of APPLE II & II PLUS BASIC & 6502 4.95
Copies of Z80 4.95
Copies of ZX80, 81, & TIMEX SINCLAIR-1000 5.95
Copies of H EATH/ZENITH HDOS for H8/H89/Z89/Z90 5.95
Ask for them at your store or
m, ml .m. ■ — — — — — 1 Jkh^h
DooK&iow or order Trorn
Wholesale prices available
in quantities over 24.
Send Check or Money Order to:
NANOS SYSTEMS CORP.
P.O. BOX 24344
SPEEDWAY, IN 46224
(317) 244-4078
NAME:
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
ZIP
Indiana Residents Add 5 Percent for Indiana Sales Tax
Definitely impressive, huh? Notice how missing spaces are
inserted so the commands are more legible. IF, THEN, and
ELSE are put on separate lines. The line number is set off
from the rest of the statement. I am an instructor/ supervisor
for computer maintenance people and most of my pro-
gramming endeavors involve word processing. To more
efficiently use memory, I use a "shrink" program that
removes all spaces and, for speed, I use multiple program
statements whenever I can. This insertion of spaces and
separation of multiple statements certainly complements my
reading after the writing his "cooled," LLIST-RITE
numbers and prints a very meaningful heading at the top of
each page. This is extremely useful in "getting your act
together" if you save and refer back to listings from time to
time.
It certainly makes your listings more legible, storable, and
your "bugs" easier to find. The program is written in
Extended BASIC so you can make changes, if necessary. It
is internally documented with ample REM's which helps
you to understand how it does its thing. LLIST-RITE is very
user-friendly. I believe anyone could use it.
A disadvantage is that it's slow! It took me just over 26
minutes to LLIST LLIST-RITE which contains 4,367
memory locations and it used more paper than CoCo's
LLIST would use.
The documentation is good. It is short (one page) but
contains the information neded to be off and running with
superlative LLISTS. I noticed a couple of typographical
errors but nothing worth noting.
I would like to see LLIST-RITE revised to enable the user
to LLIST sl segment of a program. The way it is now, it is
either list all or nothing. I found one "bug" which resulted in
a FC ERROR in 500 when the program was listing a line
where I had a REM with no statement following it (this, by
the way, is a very unusual programming tactic). I notified
CoCo-Data and suggested a fix. They immediately wrote
back and said they were able to duplicate the problem, tested
my solution, and it was universal. They also changed the
master tape so future programs sold will be "bug-free."
Should you buy it? This is where you must consider the
sacrifice of time versus the gain in readability and bug-
finding. Will there be an overall time savings? Just remem-
ber, they guarantee satisfaction or your money back — even
the shipping and handling charge is refunded. Not many
software retailers have that much pride in authorship. I
really appreciated the timeliness of the response I got when I
wrote them. In their letter to me, they said they offer pre-
purchase information sheets (as opposed to selling the man-
ual) for the asking. LLIST-RIT£?s information sheet has a
partial sheet of a listed program (using LLIST-RITE) and a
general overview of the instructions. As you can see in the
parenthetical data, the price is a small one to pay for an item
that will make your computing a happier experience. Wha-
tever your decision, I sincerely hope this review helps you
make an educated one.
(CoCoDATA Enterprises, 1215 Emeralda Drive, Orlando,
FL 32808, $5.95)
—Herbert B. Ridge
The Original FLEX for Color Computers
>
* Upgrade to 64K
* RS to FLEX, FLEX to RS file transfer ability
* Create your own character set
* Automatic recognition of single or double density and single or
doubled sided
* All features available for either single or multiple drive systems
* Settable Disk Drive Seek Rates
* Faster High Resolution Video Display with 5 different formats
* Save RS Basic from RAM to Disk
* Move RS Basic to RAM
* Load and save function on FLEX disk
* 13 Support Commands 8 with Source Text
Languages Available
Pascal, Fortran, RS Basic, RS Assembler, TSC Basic, TSC Assemb-
ler, Relocating Assembler, Macro Assembler, Mumps
If you are tired of playing games on your TRS-80C" Color Computer, or find that you are
handicapped by the limitations of the RS BASIC in trying to write a P rogra m that will allow you to
actually USE the Color Computer as a COMPUTER, YOU ARE RE AD YTO MOVE UP TOTHE
FLEX9'" Operating System. If you want to have REAL PROGRAMMING POWER, using an
Extremely Powerful Business BASIC, PASCALS, C Compilers, a full-blown Macro Assembler
with a Library capability so you are not continuously "reinventing the wheel ', YOU ARE READY
TO MOVE UP TO THE FLEX9" Operating System. If you would like to see if YOU REALLY
COULD USE A COMPUTER IN YOUR BUSINESS, or begin to make your Computer start
PAYING IT S OWN WAY by doing some Computer Work for the millions of small businesses
around you, such as Wordprocessing, Payroll, Accounting, Inventory, etc., then YOU ARE
READYTO MOVE UP TO THE FLEX9 lw Operating System. How?? DATA-COMP has the way!
DATA-COMP s FLEX9" Conversion for the TRS-80C w Color Computer was designed for the
SERIOUS .COMPUTER USER; with features like greatly increased Display Screens, WITH
Lower Case Letters, so you can put a FULL Menu on ONE Screen, or see SEVERAL Para-
graphs at the same time; with features like providing a FULL Keyboard so you have FULL
Control of your Computer AND it's Programs NATURALLY, without needing a chart to see what
Key Combination will give you what function; with USER ORIENTED functions to make using
the Operating System natural, like having the Computer AUTOMATICALLY determine what
type of Disk is being used in what type of Disk Drive and working accordingly, rather that you
have to specify each and every thing for it, or like having the Computer work with the Printer you
have been using all along without you having to tell the new Operating System what is there:etc,
etc., etc.
DATA-COMP has everything you need to make your TRS-80C '" Color Computer WORK
for YOU; from Parts and Pieces to Full, Ready To Use SYSTEMS. DATA-COMP designs,
sells, services, and SUPPORTS Computer SYSTEMS, not just Software. CALL DATA-
COMP TODAY to make your Computer WORK FOR YOU!
System Reguirements
FLEX9 Special General Version x/Editor & Assembler (which normally sell for $50.00
ea.) $150.00
F-MATE(RS) FLEX9 Conversion Rout, for the RS Disk Controller
when purchased with Special General FLEX9 Sys. &G9 95
when purchased without the General FLEX9 Sys. $79 95
Set of Eight 64K RAM Chips w/Mod. Instructions $69 9$
Color Computer with 64K RAM and EXT. BASIC $499 .95
Color Computer with 16K RAM 1289.95
Color Computer with 16K RAM and EXT. BASIC $339 95
SPECIAL SYSTEM PACKAGES
64K Radio Shack COLOR COMPUTER, Radio Shack COLOR DISK CONTROLLER, a Disk
Drive System, Special General Version of FLEX9 \ F-MATE(RS) " and a Box of 10
Double Density Diskettes; a COMPLETE, ready to run SYSTEM on your Color TV Set.
$1249.95
DISK DRIVE PACKAGES, etc.
These Packages include the Radio Shack Disk Controller, Disk Drives with Power Supply and
Cabinet, and Disk Drive Cable;
PAK #1 — 1 Single Sided, Double Density Sys. $499.95
PAK #2 — 2 Single Sided, Double Density Sys. $769.95
PAK #3 — 1 Double Sided, Double Density Sys. $599.95
PAK #4 — 2 Double Sided, Double Density Sys. $949.95
PAK #5 — 2 Qume Thinline Double Sided Double Density Sys. $764.95
PARTS AND PIECES
Radio Shack Disk Controller
1 Tandon Single Sided, Double Density Disk Drive
1 Tandon Double Sided, Double Density Disk Drive
1 Qume Thinline Double Sided, Double Density
Single Drive Cabinet with Power Supply
Double Drive Cabinet with Power Supply
Single Drive Disk Cable for RS Controller
Double Drive Disk Cable for RS Controller
Micro Tech. Prods.. Inc. LOWER CASE ROM Adapter
Radio Shack BASIC Version 1.1 ROM
Radio Shack Extended Basic ROM
<
<
<
<
<
$179.95
1249 95
S349.96
$279.95
$09.95
1109.95
£24.95
$34.95
£74.95
S34.95
m 95
DATA-COMP
P.O. Bo* 794 HIXSON, TN 37343
1-615-842 4601
c
<
K
<
<
206 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Hardware Review . . .
Spectrum Switcher Gives You
Fine ROM Pack Flexibility
The Spectrum Switcher is, by far, the easiest-to-use device
we have yet encountered to keep two ROM Packs or
cartridges "on line" at the same time.
Now, before you get the idea that you can keep two
cartridge programs in memory simultaneously, let us say
that such isn't possible to do — at least as far as we know. In
other words, do not expect to be able to "combine" two
programs at once.
But, the big hassle, at least for us, has always been the
need to plug the disk controller in and out, depending on
whatever else we might be using. The Spectrum Switcher
eliminates that problem for once and for all.
The Switcher is a flat, lightweight plastic case with a cable
on one end that plugs into CoCo's expansion port. It also
has two connectors — for two ROM Packs. In addition,
there are two switches and two sets of LEDs. Everything is
clearly and attractively labeled.
You plug one cartridge into one of the ports and another
into the other. Then, just turn on CoCo and it will start up
selecting the cartridge in slot B. A simple flick of the switch
turns off whatever is in slot B and turns on the cartridge in
slot A. Just in case you can't tell from the screen, there is an
LED to indicate which slot has been selected.
The other switch determines whether you want the
cartridge to auto-start. If you want to make backups of
cartridges on disk for your own use, this eliminates the
necessity of taping over the pins in the cartridge. For those
of us who like to transfer carts to disk to make access
quicker, this is a major boon.
We like the Spectrum Switcher because it is very easy to
use, looks nice and, in some pretty extensive testing, worked
without fault. It also has gold contacts, which help eliminate
problems associated with poor connections. It also eliminates
the problem of plugging and unplugging cartridges into
CoCo itself — which does cause wear on the expansion port.
We found only one problem with the Switcher, although
it was minor. That is it is possible to lose a BASIC program
in memory if you press the reset button on CoCo or switch
one of the switches. Given the ability to switch back and
forth between ROM Packs (especially when you have a disk
drive) and to disable the auto-start function, the Spectrum
Switcher is a fantastic device you will want to add to your
setup. If you have a disk drive and are faced with the
problem of unplugging and plugging it in, the Switcher is
almost a necessity.
(Spectrum Projects, 93-15 86th Drive, Woodhaven, NY
11421, $99.95)
Hint . . .
Print Out Disk Directory
If you have a long disk directory and want to see all of it,
or if you simply wish to have a hard-copy printout of your
directory, one simple command will allow you to do this
easily.
Just POKE 1 1 1 ,254:DIR and the entire disk directory will
appear on your printer, even if it is too long to be fully
displayed on the screen.
Find The
COLOR COMPUTER INFORMATION
YOU NEED
COLOR COMPUTER INDEX 9
COLOR COMPUTER CATALOG ©
American Library and Information Services
Dept. R. 3705 Mary Ellen NE, Albuquerque, NM 87111
Gentlemen:
Yes! Send me COLOR COMPUTER INDEX 1980-1981 at $5 (Canada and Mexico $6)
7. Yes! Sign me up for COLOR COMPUTER INDEX 1982 (4 issues) for $16 (Canada and Mexico $20)
Yes! Sign me up for COLOR COMPUTER CATALOG 1982 (two issues) for $20 (Canada and Mexico $24)
□ YES! Sign me up for Color Computer Index 1983 (Six issues for $24— Canada & Mexico $30)
□ YES! Sign me up for Color Computer Index 1983 (Two issues for $20— Canada & Mexico $24)
Single Issues:
Color Computer Index $6 U.S. (Except 1980-1981)
Color Computer Catalog $12 U.S.
Nome . ™
Address
City State Zip .
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 207
Software Review . . .
The 8-Bit Bartender
A Versatile, 32K Mixologist
All of you beer drinkers can skip this review if you like,
but maybe if you read it you will learn something, like how
to mix a "Rusty Nail." The 8-Bit Bartender by Prickly-Pear
Software will be the center of attraction at your next party.
Written for 32K Extended BASIC the tape version is loaded
with a CLO A DM and ENTER. As in other popular soft-
ware by the same company, an auto-run feature takes care of
the rest and gives you something to look at in the meantime.
The program is also available on disk.
After loading the program, you are greeted with a chorus
of "How Dry I Am" while a bubbling cocktail glass provides
the animation. With the 8-Bit Bartender, drinks can be
searched in three fields. You can ask for a drink by name,
main liquor or category.
More than 100 various cocktails are in the directory. The
different categories are color-coded as to the type of glass
they use. If you ask for a drink not on the menu, the program
will inf orm you "I don't serve that ! ! ! " The authors claim that
extensive research was conducted in cocktail lounges in
major cities to compile the list of 100 different drinks.
Well, that was just too hard to believe, so I set out on my
own fact-finding mission. You can actually get all of these
drinks in any well equipped bar within a short jump from
your home. But let me warn you, don't ask your neighbor-
hood bartender for "Velvet Hammer" or a "Dirty Mother"
or you may be drinking alone with your computer.
After your supply of booze is exhausted, if you can still
read or hear, exiting the program will entone a line of "The
Party's Over." 1 think this novel program will be the talk of
your next party if you can find someone sober enough to
type. Now, how about a "Glog," no, make it a "Silver
Bullet," no . . .
(Prickly-Pear Software, 9822 E. Stella Road, Tuscon, AZ
85730, $19.95 on tape)
—Dan Downard
ANNOUNCING,
new f>roou c^r
I N E PRINTER VII C O V
THIS REMARKABLE COVER REDUCES THE NOISE BY MORE THAN HALF AND IS
AVAILABLE IN 6 DIFFERENT COLORS FOR THE LOW PRICE OF ONLY $34.95 ea.
THE COLOR CHOICES ARE American Walnut, Bark, Oriental Teak, Spanish
Oak, Palm, and Cherry. SPECIAL COLORS ARE AVAILABLE FOR $5.00 EXTRA
THESE COVERS ARE MADE OF QUALITY WOOD (COVERED WITH LIQUID PLASTIC)
AND PLEXIGLAS WITH PRE-CUT SLOTS FOR CORDS AND PAPER TO GO THROUGH.
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: A ft PcLEAR4CO. \
0 if P.O. BOX 294
\ ^Pl I HENDERSON, TEXAS 75653-0294 }
\ *-*!rA Distributors of Quality Color Computer Equipment i
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! PLEASE ALLOW 3 to 4 WEEKS FOR DELIVERY ICCC MEMBERS 255c OFF*
208 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Quality Software Is The
Number One Priority At
K& K
mputorware
LASER TANK - Pit yourself in a game of strategy and
excitement against the computer. You must defend your
flag from attacking tanks and destroy them before they
destroy your flag or you!!! High resolution graphics and
four levels of difficulty. Only $1 495
GAZON - A machine language game that is surpassed by
none on the market. The deadly Gazonians are trying to
steal your supplies and you must stop them by shooting or
ramming them. Action increases as fleets of Gazonians are
destroyed. Only $1595
SHOOT TO SPELL AND FLASH MATH • An educational
packagethat helps kids learn to spell and educatethem on
elementary math. An absolute must for adults with school
aged children. Joysticks required. Only $1 2 Q 5.
SPACE HARVEST ■ Pilot your spacecraft above the
Planetoid Voltar stealing spacefruit and trying to avoid
alien guards and the ground. Fast action machine
language programs with high resolution graphics. Only
$1495
HORSE RACE - Can you pick the next Secretariat among
our thoroughbreds? High speed, life like action for people
of all ages. High resolution graphics. Only $1295
SERIALTOPARELLELCONVERTER-Havea printer with
a parellel port? Tired of waiting for a. line list? With this
little hardware device you can make your color computer
run at any baud rate between 300 and 9600. Let K & K help
your printer to go much faster!!! Only $6995
BLACKJACK
k mm
BLACKJACK - A casino game that puts two players
against the beady-eyed dealer of the house. This dealer
deals the cards as good or even better than Intellivision. If
you have any gambling blood at all this game is a must!
Same rules as any Las Vegas casino. High resolution
graphics. Only $1295
- You are under the ocean in a submarine,
attacking planes and enemy destroyers dropping depth
charges attempting to destroy your sub. Can you destroy
them before they destroy you? This is an extremely fast
action machine language program with high resolution
graphics. Only $1 4 Q 5.
SUPER ZAP - Enemy spaceships are attacking from all
sides and your mission, should you choose to accept it is
to defend your starbase from the deadly Armada of Pyruss.
This will be a dangerous mission since the Pyruss Armada
has never been defeated by any humanoid. Action
increases as the game progresses. Only $1 4 95
HOME HELPERS - Have problems balancing your
checkbook, remembering important dates or phone
numbers, and your mailing lists. Let K & K and your color
computer help you. Only $1 4 Q 5
BOWLING SCORED FOR DOLLARS • Do your leagues
bowlingaverages.This program will keep individual scores,
team totals, individual averages, team standings, and print
all this information to your line printer. Minimum 1 6K disk
required (on cassette too!). Only $1 4 Q 5
INVENTORY CONTROL - This program contains all the
necessary features required for all types of inventories,
such as sorting of inventory by stock number.This program
will list stock number, description, amount in stock, cost,
wholesale, profits. Minimum 16K disk required. Only
$3995
PROPERTY INVENTORY - This program lists inventory by
department, date purchased, and property numbers.
Minimum 1 6K disk required. Only $2995
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND RECEIVABLE • These two
programs will control the incoming and outgoing money
flows for all your business accounts. Only $5995
ALL GAME PROGRAMS • require 1 6K extended (prices are set for cassette, add $4 00 for disk, except business)
PROGRAMMERS!!! ■ K & K pays the highest royalties for your programs. If your program is good, send it to K & K and receive
the best possible coverage!
TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER USERS - New programs are added each week. Send
$1 00 for our complete catalog.
fS| K & K COMPUTORWARE
mm 37326 Gregory Drive • Sterling Heights, Michigan 48077
Telephone: (31 3) 264-7345
BITS RfID WTES OF BRSIC
Storing Files To Cassette Tape
By
Richard A. White
Rainbow Contributing Editor
The cassette interface is one of many CoCo features that
sets it apart f rom other microcomputers. In f act, the cassette
system is so bad in many other systems that disk drives are
considered mandatory for any serious application, even in
the home environment. Most serious CoCo owners now
have only cassettes (as I write this). I expect defections from
the ranks, myself included, since Radio Shack has taken a
chunk out of the price of the Disk 0 drive. Still, cassettes will
be a force and market f or as long as I can see. I can then write
a column on cassette operations only and know that I am
addressing the needs of most Rainbow readers. File charac-
teristics are so similar in cassette and disk operations that
there is meat here for all.
There are three separate types of Color Computer files.
First is the program file, BASIC or machine language. Next
is the ASCII file which may contain numeric and string data
or a non-tokenized BASIC Program. Third, there are spe-
cial files like those generated by Spectaculator which can
only be read by the program that made them. A pox on the
house of authors who write these.
A BASIC or a machine language program file is nothing
more than a sequential copy of a section of memory in the
computer. They differ by code in the header that tells the
computer which type is being loaded so it can handle the
information properly. The locations of the beginning and
end of a basic program are kept in menory. When a BASIC
program is saved, all bytes between these two addresses are
read to tape. When a BASIC program is reloaded, it starts
filling memory at the beginning of BASIC then set and
continues until all the program is in or until it runs out of
memory when our friend, OM ERROR, appears. In Color
BASIC, start of BASIC is 1537. In Extended BASIC it's
7680 at PCLEAR4, but can be changed by PC LEA Ring a
different number. If you get an OM ERROR when loading a
long program type PCLEAR1 and try loading it again.
A machine language file carries its beginning address, end
address and its execution address in its header and the
computer copies the code into the defined stretch of
memory. You can offset the file to a new location in memory
by adding an offset value to the CLOADM statement like
this: CLOADM "PROGNAME", 1000 where 1000 offsets
the code up 1000 bytes. Whether the program will run offset
is another matter. A pox on the house of authors who write
non-relocatable code.
An ASCII file may be thought of as processed data rather
than a direct memory dump. The data is found, processed in
some way and copied into a buffer location. When the buffer
is full, a header is written to tape and the whole buffer is
copied to tape. The process continues, buffer by buffer, until
all data is saved and the file is closed. A hand is up in the
back of the room. What is an ASCII? ASCII refers to a
standard numeric code representing characters and control
codes. A carriage return is 1 3 while an A is 65. The whole list
is in the back of your manuals. You can also ask the compu-
ter by typing ?ASC(A) and it will respond with a 65.
A BASIC program may be saved in ASCII format by the
simple command CSA K£"PROGNAME",A. Why? How is
this different from the regular save? When a line of BASIC is
entered into the computer, some machine language code
called the interperter looks for basic words like PRINT, IF,
INPUT etc. When it finds a BASIC word, it looks up a
number or pair of numbers for that word, called tokens, and
puts the token in memory rather than the whole word. This
saves memory and speeds program execution. When you
make an AS VII save, the interperter untokenizes the BASIC
line putting the BASIC words back in the line and puts the
line into the buffer as a character string. In this form, the
program can be read into a running BASIC program as data
to be used in one way or another. Most terminal programs
send and receive only ASCII files. The computer is smart
enough to sort out whether the BASIC program being
loaded is in ASCII or tokenized format. You will note that
when loading an ASCII save of a BASIC program, the
cassette stops and waits after loading each buffer while the
interperter tokenizes each line and saves it to memory.
At the outset, I suspect you expected to learn about saving
and loading data from a BASIC program. Now is the time.
We already have laid some ground work and you know
about the buffer and ASCII codes. When you Open a file,
either out, "O," to the cassette or in, "I, "from the cassette,
you commit the buffer and start interaction with the
cassette.
Statement Action
OPEN "0V1 "FILENAME" The cassette is turned on and a header with
tile type and file name are sent to the
recorder.
OPEN T,-r Fl LEN AM E" The cassette is turned on a read looking for
the header with file type and file name. If
file names match, the first data buffer is
loaded and the cassette is stopped.
Data is saved by putting it into the buffer with the PRINTtt-
7, 1$ or PRINTtt-1, I commands. Either strings or numbers
may be sent in any order. 1$ and I can be any variable names
including script variables. Pieces of data are separated in the
buffer by carriage returns. When the buff er is f ull, it is sent to
tape; you did remember to leave the recorder on and in
record mode, I hope. Data can be sent as it is generated or
collected in memory and dumped all at one time. In a contest
scoring program, I opened the entrants' file at the beginning,
and the program saved a buffer every now and then as
entries were typed in. This assured that if the program
bombed, data entered to that point could be recovered. Data
was also kept in memory and a complete second save was
210 the RAINBOW April, 1983
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made when entries closed. Care was necessary to assure that
the second save contained exactly the same data in exactly
the same order as the first.
The data loaded back into the cassette buffer from tape
(or into a disk buffer) must be read into variables for stor-
age. This is done with the INPUW-I, or LINE INPUW-I,
statements (disk uses + numbers, i.e., INPUW+l,) which
takes data from the buffer and moves it to string or numeri-
cal storage as appropriate. When a buffer is emptied, the
computer stops, reads in another buffer full anat is on tape is
only a sequence of pieces of data. No variable names are
saved. When you reload the data you must write your code
so that data is INPUW-1, or LINE INPUW-I, into the
propervariables, both by typeand name. If youchangeyour
save routine to save another variable, or not save one if that
be the case, you must make a corresponding change in your
input code. Further, when you do this, previous files will be
unloadable. You will need to make a special version of the
cassette routines to read in old files and save them out in the
new format.
Following are two of the simplest file saving routines and
their corresponding loading routines:
800 OPEN "0",-l , "STRINGS" :FOR X = 1 TO
PRINT#-I, A$(X)
:NEXT :CLOSE-I
850 OPEN "I",-l, "STRINGS" :X=1
860 IF EOF THEN CLOSE-1 :GOTO 1000 ELSE
LINE INPUT#-1, A$(X)
:X=X+1 :GOTO860
900 OPEN "O",-I,"NUMBERS":GOTO100
910 PRINT#-I, A, B, XI, YI, Zl :RETURN
(The file is opened and control returned to the main
STMT'S
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PPOQRAfl, THAT CALOJ-ATES-HEAN, —USANCE,
WO STANOAPO DEVIATION FOR BOTH SAHPLES OR POPULATION
ALLOWS DATA STORAGE TO TAPE OR DISK. FULL COLOR GRAPHING OF
FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM. ALLOUS EASY HODIFICATION OF STORED DATA,
COnSINE TUO FILES, ETC. USER FRIENOLY1 CASSETTE $24 95
COLOR GRAPIC PRINTER UTILITES
UTILITES FOR RADIO SHACKS CGP-113, COLOR QRAPIC PRINTER/PLOTTER
tCKD PROCESSOR— SUPPORTS IMPEDED CONTROLS FOR PRINT SUE AND COLOR
RIGHT JUSTIFICATION. DESIGNED JUST FOR THE CGP-1 13
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RELOCATE
RELOCATE HAKES AUTOMATIC TAPE COPIES OF ANY COLOR CUTFUTER
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REQUIRES EITHER A 64K fTOO. OR A 10K OR LARGER COMPUTER WITH A
CARTRIDGE HENDRY EXPANSION OF 4K OR LARGER. UERY EASY TO USEI
ONCE FAHILIAR UITH THE PRDGRAP, COPIES CAN BE HAOE IN LESS THEN
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CHICAGO IL 60626
• 1.30 SNIPING AMD HANDLING C.O.D. EXTRA
PLEASE SPECIFY
SYESTEH
lOK-HIN
♦TANDY Cotp
routine to get the data. Each time a data set is ready to
save the line 910 subroutine is called. When done a
CLOSE-1 could be in the main program.
950 OPEN "r\-l "NUMBERS" :GOTO300
950 IF EOF THEN CLOSE-1 :GOTO1000 ELSE
INPUT/M, A, B, Zl, Yl, Zl :RETURN
(The file is opened and control returned to the main
program that calls 950 when it wants data. When end
of file, EOF, is reached, the file is closed and control
sent elsewhere.)
In the Strings code, there wasan array of a known number
of strings which was sequentially read to tape. When the file
was loaded the strings were read with a counter X incre-
mented after each input. LINE INPUT was used instead of
IN PUT in case there were any quotes, commas or colons in
the data strings. INPUT has trouble with these. At end of
file, EOF, the file is closed and control goes elsewhere. In the
Numbers file, sets of non-subscripted numbers were saved
until the main program was done and the file closed. The
PRINTtt-1 , statement is shown as a subroutine, but it would
probably be better in the main program. The file is read back
in using an / NPUTtf-1 to enter the same variables in exactly
the order they were read to tape.
In the Numbers case there probably was no way of know-
ing how many file entries there would be. In the Strings case
we did know and can use the following code:
800OPEN"O",-I,"STRINGS":PRINT#-I,Y:FORX=l
TO Y :PRINT#-1 , A$(X) :NEXT :CLOSE-l :GOTO
1000
850 OPEN "I" -I , "STRINGS" :INPUT#-1,Y :FOR X=l
TO Y :LINEINPUT#-1,A$(X) :NEXT :CLOSE-l
:GOTO 100
Since we know how many records are on file and read that
value in first, inputting can be in a simple FOR-TO-NEX1
loop without a branch. Some like the top down aspect of this
code better. Just because we have an end of file command,
we don't have to use it.
In a complex program like a data management one, a
number of variables and data arrays need to be saved in the
file. It is imperative to tightly control the structure of the file
and duplicate the structures in both output and input
modes. Fortunately the input code is essentially a copy oi
the output code with INPUTtt-1 or LIN EINPUTtt-1, substi-
tuted for PRINTtt-l ,. If you are writing in EDTASM+ or
using a utility like Toolkit or Basic Aid, you can copy the
output code and edit it to input lines easily.
Now for cleaning up the details. Always save the file
twice! Tape is cheap and the time lost in regenerating a
program or file will pay for hundreds of double saves
Cowards can save three times and win occasionally. Since
many times we are starting a fresh tape, put in code tc
choose to run past the leader. I always put code in early ir
the development of a program to save it to tape.
10000 AUDIOON :INPUT"RUN PAST LEADER":I3
:IF I$="Y" THEN MOTORON :FOR X=l TO 600C
:NEXT
10010 FOR C=l TO 2 :CSAVE "PROGRAME'
:MOTORON :FOR X=l TO 600 :NEXT :NEX1
:MOTOROFF
The advantage of this lies in the ease with which you sav<
the program, which encourages more frequent saves wher
programming. All you do is set the recorder to record, typ<
GOTO 10000 and answer Y or N and ENTER to the RU1>
PAST LEADER ? question. It is probably time for anothei
trip to the kitchen anyway, so take a short break.
In the OPEN "I",- 1, "FILENAME" statement, the -1 i:
212 the RAINBOW April, 1983
lbK CIRCUS AO VENTURE S9 3b
A child's adventure game with many songs, graphics,
and surprises. Meet all of your circus favorites white
searching for the popcorn man. Great family fun for all
ages.
16K SCHOOLMAZE ADVENTURE 51195
While in search of a lost computer tape, you travel in a
school and draw pictures, compose songs, play basket-
ball, and use the keyboard to travel in the hallways.
COCO-JOT by Steve Greenberg
16K $11.95
A new version of the famous Jotto word game. A guess-
ing game using your powers of reasoning and deduction.
1 or 2 player game. Different levels of play. Ages 8 to
adult User modifiable.
"FROG MAN" by Carsten Uwrenz
16K Ext. Basic $11.95
Lively, action packed, joystick controlled game. 7
leteh of difficulty and timer. Best score displayed. Get
your frofs safely home through several interesting
obstacles.
*** NEW ***
SOFTWARE FOR SPECTRUM'S LIGHT PEN
KID'S FUN-PAK: This 3 program game set will enter-
tain you with a great new dimension for your com-
puter. Tutorial included with documentation.
Kid's Fun-Pak Tape 16K Ext. $14.95
Light Pen and Tape $34.95
Computer Island Presents
THE BEST IN
SOFTWARE FOR KIDS!
SPECIAL CLOSEOUT
* Two never released hi-res.
t machine language 2-player»
* joystick* arcade ga&es fro«
* Creative Co&puting.
* 1. PICNIC- Escape the evil
* spider and capture foods.
* 2, TRICKASHAY- A tank duel
t in a tricky naze.
* 16- K Extended
* Both for an incredibly
t Ion price of $11.95
tTTTftCtfTftTffttl
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(212) 948-2748
RAINBOW
CtfTIFICATON
SOL
A BYTE OF COLOR BASIC
by Steve Blyn
A work-text containing — instruction, examples,
illustrations, programs, and many practice exercises. 3
Units — Basic, Graphics, and Sound. 24 chapters to
teach you what you need to know to begin reading,
understanding, and writing your own programs.
Answer Key included with each book. Great book for
beginners. u 95 NEW LQW pR|CE
SCHOOL DISCOUNTS
NAME THAT SONG GAMES
16K Extended $9.95 each
1. 72 children's popular songs. 2 levels of difficulty.
Timer. Many hours of fun.
2. 72 all time pop, country and movie melodies from
the last three decades.
3. 60 Broadway Show tunes to test you on past
musicals. Fun for all trivia buffs.
*9r
X
LEARNING PROGRAMS
FOR HOME OR SCHOOL!
FOREIGN LANGUAGE GAMES 16K or 16K Ext. $11.95
FRENCH BASEBALL - Score base hits or home runs
for correct answers. You're out if wrong. Correct
answers supplied. Fun way to learn and practice
vocabulary. 2 letek.
SPANISH BASEBALL - Same game using Spanish
vocabulary words.
ITALIAN BASEBALL - Same game using Italian
vocabulary words.
(her Modifiable.
PLEASE SPECIFY LANGUAGE AND VERSION
HEBREW BULLETIN BOARD 16K Ext. $15.95
by Joseph Koiar and Steve Blyn
A utility that will enable YOU to create Hebrew or
Hebrew/English words, flash cards, sentences,
greeting cards, etc. in Hi-res. Easy to learn-full
documentation. For hard copy, use your printer and
any screen print program.
DOLLARS AND SENSE 16K Ext. SH-95
Learn to make purchases. Graphic displays of items
kids love. Player buys using dollars and coins to prac-
tice using money correctly. Solutions given.
McCOCO'SMENU 16K Ext. SI 1.95
America's favorite pastime - going out to eat! Learn
to buy and add up your purchases from a typical fast
food restaurant menu. Gain skill in using money. Dif-
ferent prfc« each time.
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION 1 6K $11 95
Menu driven, 2 level program provides practice in
adding or subtracting 2 digit numbers. Vertical format
for proper entry of digits in the answers. Report card
scoring.
READING 2-PAK 4K 59.95
POETRY and SILLY SENTENCES: Any child can create
his own original reading material about familiar
people and things through user input.
READING GAMES 2 Pack 4K $9.95
Silly Stories and Wizard: These games provide practice
in reading simple stories and phrases. User input
make these games personal and fun and keep your
child interested in reading the results.
PRESCHOOL PACK 1 by Joseph Koiar
16K Ext. $11.95
Clown and Fish-Num: Two programs to help your child
recognize and count the words and numbers 1 - 10.
Hi-res graphics and lively songs help to attract and
keep attention.
PRESCHOOL PACK 2 by Joseph Koiar
16K Ext. $11.95
Count Kids and Add Penny: Two programs to help your
child count and add up to 10. Beautiful hires
graphics.
PRESCHOOL PACK 3 by loseph Koln
16KExt. $11.95
Alpha-Byte: Programs designed to teach recognition
and identification of the alphabet. Attractive hi res
graphics.
MUSIC MARVEL 16K Ext. Basic $9.95
Play 2 familiar children's songs. Large graphic
displays. No reading or musical ability needed. Great
for pre-schoolers. 16K version also available. Please
specify.
Authors: We are seeking quality children's software for
leisure or learning. Write for details. Top royalties.
the device number. It tells the computer which buffer to use
and where to send the buffer when full. If you had a disk, you
would use a device number from +1 to +15. With the disk,
you can have a number of disk buffers open at once along
with a cassette file open. In this situation, files are closed by
number and there seem to be some tricks on order of open-
ing and closing. More on this after I have direct experience
with a disk system. You can substitute a variable for the
device number. This allows you to put code in to choose
whether you want a sequential file to go to disk or to tape.
The filename generally is a variable with code to allow the
user to enter the file name to be saved and the name of the
file to be loaded.
Cassette files are limited to sequential files where data is
put to tape in sequence and must be accessed in the same
sequence. Disks support sequential files, but can handle
random files as well. For example, records can be saved
individually to disk in random order and then individually
retrieved in random order. In this way, large data bases are
essentially on line with the program though little of the data
is in memory at any one time. Typically, business programs
require this type of storage to accomodate large data bases. I
expect to see random access disk programs for CoCo as
more users decide that their machine should be doing more
for them than playing games.
Here is a good 'homework' problem you might want to
tackle: Take one of your programs that saves a data file and
convert it to have a run-past-leader option, and save twice.
Note the MOTORON :FOR X=I TO 600 :NEXT that
leaves a little space between saves and at the end. If you
haven't writtena program using datafilesyet, wouldn't that
be a neat next project?
Hardware Review . . .
Panostyk Is A Boon To
AH You Frustrated Artists
I admit that I was somewhat skeptical of the Panostyk
when it arrived the other day. It is unimposing-looking, with
a sort of wooden board, an accordian-like bunch of metal
rods and what appears to be a Radio Shack joystick tucked
into a box on the bottom.
Looks can deceive.
What the Panostyk is happens to be a nice way to get
pictures from paper to the graphic screen. Now, you can do
this with Radio Shack's X-Pad, but the Panostyk is much
less expensive.
The Panostyk comes complete with software, which —
from a menu — allows you to use either a "sketch, ""crayon"
or "chalk" mode. The difference between them is primarily
one of degree, but we felt that each offered a different type of
drawing opportunity.
The "sketch" mode uses the high resolution graphics
screen and is for drawing pictures in fine detail. Using a clear
plastic circle with a small hole in it (suitable for inserting a
thin pencil lead) you simply place a drawing under a plastic
cover and then trace it. A good representation of what you
have traced appears on the CoCo screen. Since "sketch"is in
high resolution, you can get some nice drawings this way.
"Crayon" mode works in much the same way, except it
uses the four-color mode to make colored lines. "Chalk"
uses the low-res graphics, and all eight colors, which is very
suitable for younger children, as well as those of us who do
not draw too well.
The software includes an easy circle-drawing routine and
color one is always an "eraser." In addition, you can "lift"
the drawing pencil up from the "screen" by pressing a red
button on the Panostyk. You can also "paint" in areas with a
single button-press.
I suspect those of you who are adapt at art — such as Paul
Hoffman, who has contributed some fabulous programs to
the Rainbow — would much prefer the possibilities created
by the X-Pad. But, for those of us who only look at what the
likes of Paul do and wish, the Panostyk is an excellent way
to try to transfer some of the things we see on paper onto the
CoCo screen.
It is easy to use and comes with a well done software
package which, for all intents and purposes, is invisible to
the user. You just load the software, select the drawing mode
you want, and concentrate on your artwork. And, for
children, I believe that the "chalk" mode is an excellent way
for them to have fun with the computer without frustrating
them.
In addition to the Panostyk itself and the software, the
package comes with several sample drawings, with markings
for colors, circle points and the like. These are good to
experiment with and are useful in getting the feel of the
hardware.
(Spectrum Projects, 93-15 86th Drive, Woodhaven, NY
11421, $79.95)
—Lawrence C. Falk
MORETON BAY
SOFTWARE
For TRS 80 Color Computer &TDP 100
PLANETARIUM - a five program astronomy
package. See constellations, stars, moon and
planets 1 6K extended $1 6.95.
CUBE SOLVER - a highly graphic ML program.
Technically interesting: Program will: solve
cube on screen, mix it up, print solutions to
screen, tape or printer. 1 6K extended $19.95
TOWER CASTLE - a classic thematic adven-
ture with music and color, tough but honest
(Reviewed December 1982 Rainbow)
32K extended $17.95
Moreton Bay
MORETON BAY
SOFTWARE
A DIVISION OF MORETON BAY LABORATORY
316 Castillo Street
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
(805) 962-3127
Software CA Residents Add 6% Sa ies Tax
TRS 80 " Tandy Corp.
214 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Telewriter-64
the Color Computer Word Processor
3 display formats: 51/64/85
columns x 24 lines
True lower case characters
User-friendly full-screen
editor
Right justification
Easy hyphenation
Drives any printer
Embedded format and
control codes
Runs in 16K, 32K, or 64K
Menu-driven disk and
cassette I/O
No hardware modifications
required
THE ORIGINAL
Simply stated, Telewriter is the most powerful
word processor you can buy for the TRS-80
Color Computer. The original Telewriter has
received rave reviews in every major Color
Computer and TRS-80 magazine, as well as
enthusiastic praise from thousands of satisfied
owners. And rightly so.
The standard Color Computer display of 32
characters by 16 lines without lower case is
simply inadequate for serious word processing.
The checkerboard letters and tiny lines give you
no feel for how your writing looks or reads.
Telewriter gives the Color Computer a 51
column by 24 line screen display with true
lower case characters. So a Telewriter screen
looks like a printed page, with a good chunk of
text on screen at one time. In fact, more on
screen text than you'd get with Apple II, Atari,
TI, Vic or TRS-80 Model III.
On top of that, the sophisticated Telewriter
full-screen editor is so simple to use, it makes
writing fun. With single-letter mnemonic
commands, and menu-driven I/O and
formatting, Telewriter surpasses all others for
user friendliness and pure power.
Telewriter's chain printing feature means that
the size of your text is never limited by the
amount of memory you have, and Telewriter's
advanced cassette handler gives you a powerful
word processor without the major additional
cost of a disk.
...one of the best programs for the Color
Computer I have seen..
— Color Computer News, Jan. 1982
TELEWRITER-64
But now we've added more power to
Telewriter. Not just bells and whistles, but
major features that give you total control over
your writing. We call this new supercharged
version Telewriter-64. For two reasons.
64K COMPATIBLE
Telewriter-64 runs fully in any Color Computer
— 16K, 32K, or 64K, with or without Extended
Basic, with disk or cassette or both. It
automatically configures itself to take optimum
advantage of all available memory. That means
that when you upgrade your memory, the
Telewriter-64 text buffer grows accordingly. In
a 64K cassette based system, for example, you
get about 40K of memory to store text. So you
don't need disk or FLEX to put all your 64K
to work immediately.
64 COLUMNS (AND 85!)
Besides the original 51 column screen,
Telewriter-64 now gives you 2 additional high-
density displays: 64 x 24 and 85 x 24!! Both
high density modes provide all the standard
Telewriter editing capabilities, and you can
switch instantly to any of the 3 formats with a
single control key command.
The 51 X 24 display is clear and crisp on the
screen. The two high density modes are more
crowded and less easily readable, but they are
perfect for showing you the exact layout of
your printed page, all on the screen at one
time. Compare this with cumbersome
"windows" that show you only fragments at a
time and don't even allow editing.
RIGHT JUSTIFICATION &
HYPHENATION
One outstanding advantage of the full-width
screen display is that you can now set the
screen width to match the width of your
printed page, so that "what you see is what
you get." This makes exact alignment of
columns possible and it makes hyphenation
simple.
Since short lines are the reason for the large
spaces often found in standard right justified
text, and since hyphenation is the most
effective way to eliminate short lines,
Telewriter-64 can now promise you some of the
best looking right justification you can get on
the Color Computer.
FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS:
Printing and formatting: Drives any printer
(LPVII/V1I1, DMP-100/200, Epson, Okidata,
Centronics, NEC, C. Itoh, Smith-Corona,
Terminet, etc).
Embedded control codes give full dynamic access to
intelligent printer features like: underlining,
subscript, superscript, variable font and type size, dot-
graphics, etc.
Dynamic (embedded) format controls for: top,
bottom, and left margins; line length, lines per page,
line spacing, new page, change page numbering,
conditional new page, enable/disable justification.
Menu-driven control of these parameters, as well as:
pause at page bottom, page numbering, baud rate (so
you can run your printer at top speed), and Epson
font. "Typewriter" feature sends typed lines directly
to your printer, and Direct mode sends control codes
right from the keyboard. Special Epson driver
simplifies use with MX-80.
Supports single and multi-line headers and automatic
centering. Print or save all or any section of the text
buffer. Chain print any number of files from cassette
or disk.
File and I/O Features: ASCII format files —
create and edit BASIC, Assembly, Pascal, and C
programs, Smart Terminal files (for uploading or
downloading), even text files from other word
processors. Compatible with spelling checkers (like
Spell 'n Fix).
Cassette verify command for sure saves. Cassette auto-
retry means you type a load command only once no
matter where you are in the tape.
Read in, save, partial save, and append files with disk
and/or cassette. For disk: print directory with free
space to screen or printer, kill and rename files, set
default drive. Easily customized to the number of
drives in the system.
Editing features: Fast, full-screen editor with
wordwrap, block copy, block move, block delete, line
delete, global search and replace (or delete), wild card
search, fast auto-repeat cursor, fast scrolling, cursor
up, down, right, left, begin line, end line, top of text,
bottom of text; page forward, page backward, align
text, tabs, choice of buff or green background,
complete error protection, line counter, word counter,
space left, current file name, default drive in effect,
set line length on screen.
Insert or delete text anywhere on the screen without
changing "modes." This fast "free-form" editor
provides maximum ease of use. Everything you do
appears immediately on the screen in front of you.
Commands require only a single key or a single key
plus CLEAR.
. . . truly a state of the art word processor. . .
outstanding in every respect.
— The RAINBOW, Jan. 1982
PROFESSIONAL
WORD PROCESSING
You can no longer afford to be without the
power and efficiency word processing brings to
everything you write. The TRS-80 Color
Computer is the lowest priced micro with the
capability for serious word processing. And
only Telewriter-64 fully unleashes that
capability.
Telewriter-64 costs $49.95 on cassette, $59.95
on disk, and comes complete with over 70
pages of well-written documentation. (The step-
by-step tutorial will have your writing with
Telewriter-64 in a matter of minutes.)
To order, send check or money order to:
Cognitec
704 Nob Street
Del Mar, CA 92014
Or check your local software store. If you have
questions, or would like to order by Visa or
Mastercard, call us at (619) 755-1258
(weekdays, 8AM-4PM PST). Dealer inquiries
invited.
(Add $2 for shipping. Californians add 6% slate lax. Allow 2
weeks for personal checks. Send self -addressed stamped
envelope for Telewriter reviews from CCN, RAINBOW,
80-Micro, 80-U.S. Telewriter owners: send SASEorcall for
information on upgrading to Telewriter-64. Telewriter-
compatible spelling checker (Spell 'n Fix) and Smart Terminal
program (Colorcom/E) also available. Call or write for more
inf ormation.)
Apple II is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.; Atari is a
trademark of Atari, Inc.; TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy
Corp; MX-80 is a trademark of Epson America, Inc.
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
RAINBOW Info
What's A CoCo
CoCo is an affectionate name which
was first given to the TRS-80 Color
Computer by its many fans, users and
owners. As such, it is almost a generic
term for three computers, all of which
are very much alike.
When we use the term CoCo, we refer
to the TRS-80 Color Computer, the TDP
System-100 Computer and the Dragon-
32 Computer. It is easier than using the
three "given" names throughout the
Rainbow.
In most cases, when a specific
computer is mentioned, the application
is for that specific computer. However,
since the TDP System-100 and TRS-80
Color are, for all purposes, the same
computer in a different case, theseterms
are almost always interchangable.
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
The Rainbow Seal
The Rainbow Certification Seal is our
way of helping you, the consumer. The
purpose of the Seal is to certify to you
that any product which carries the Seal
has been physically seen by us and that
it does, indeed, exist.
Manufacturers of products —
hardware, software and firmware — are
encouraged by us to submit their
products to the Rainbow for
certification. We ascertain that their
products are, in actuality, what they
purport to be and, upon such
determination, award a Seal. This lets
you know that we have seen the product
and that it does, indeed, exist.
The Seal, however, is not a "guarantee
of satisfaction." The certification
process is different from the review
process. You are encouraged to read
our reviews to determine whether the
product is right for your needs.
There is absolutely no relationship
between advertising in the Rainbow and
the certification process. Certification is
open and available to any product
pertaining to CoCo. A Seal will be
awarded to any commercial product,
regardless of whether the firm
advertises or not.
We will appreciate knowing of
instances of violation of Seal use.
Using Machine Language
Machine Language programs are one
of the features of theRainbow. Thereare
a number of ways to "get" these
programs into memory so that you can
operate them.
Theeasiestway is by using an Editor-
Assembler, a program you can purchase
from a number of sources.
An editor-assembler allows you to
enter mnemonics into your CoCo and
then have the editor-assembler
assemblethem into specific instructions
that are understood by the 6809 chip
that controls your computer.
When you usean editor-assembler, all
you have to do, essentially, is copy the
relevant instructions from ffrefla/'nboiv's
listing into CoCo.
Another method of getting an
assembly language listing into CoCo is
called "hand assembly." As the name
implies, you do the assembly by hand.
This can sometimes cause problems
when you have to set up an ORIGIN
statement or an EQUATE. In short, you
have to know something about
assembly to hand assemble some
programs.
Use the following program if you wish
to hand assemble machine language
listings:
10 CLEAR200,&H3F00:I=&H3F80
20 PRINT "ADDRESS:";HEX$(I);
30 INPUT "BYTE";B$
40 POKE l,VAL("&H"+B$)
50 1=1+1 :GOTO 20
This program assumes you have a 16K
CoCo. If you have 32K, change the
&H3F00 in Line 10 to &H7F00.
Changing Issue Dates
We will be "skipping" a cover date-
but not issue of the Rainbow with the
May issue this year.
You will still get 12 issues in each sub-
scription. The change just means that
you will get an issue "earlier" than it has
been coming. This starts with the June
issue— which will arrive at about the
time that the May issue would normally
arrive, or about a month early.
What this means is that next month's
issue will be dated June. All subscription
expiration dates will be changed to take
this adjustment into consideration.
A full explaination is on page 79 of this
month's issue.
The Rainbow Check
The small boxes which you see with
programs in the Rainbow are our RAIN-
BOW CHECK program, which is
designed to help you type in programs
accurately.
The check program itself is a machine
language program which will count the
number of characters you type in. You
can then compare the number the
RAINBOW CHECK gives you to those
printed in the Rainbow. On longer pro-
grams, some benchmark lines are given.
When you reach the end of one of those
lines with your typing, simply check to
see if the numbers match.
To use the RAINBOW CHECK, type in
CLEAR 25, 16303 (or CLEAR 25, 32687
for 32K) and CSAVE the program that
follows. Then type in the command
EXEC and press ENTER.
Now, whenever you press the down
arrow, CoCo will give you the hexade-
cimal number of bytes in memory. This
is to check against the numbers printed
in the Rainbow. If your number is differ-
ent, check the listing carefully to be sure
you typed in the proper BASIC program
code.
Type in programs exactly as you see
them printed in the Rainbow. All BASIC
listings are printed out 32 characters
wide, conforming exactly to the CoCo
screen display. Because the RAINBOW
CHECKcounts spaces, too, you should
follow the spacing just as it appears in
the magazine.
Here's the program:
10CLS:IF PEEK(116) = 127 THEN
X=32688 ELSE X=16304
20 CLEAR 25.X-1
30 IF PEEK(116)=127 THEN X=32688
ELSE X=16304
40 FOR Z=X TO X+77
50 READ Y:W=W+Y:PRINT 2,Y;W
60 POKEZ,Y:NEXT
70 IF W=5718 THEN 80 ELSE PRINT
"DATA ERROR":STOP
80 EXEC X:END
90 DATA 182, 1, 106, 167, 141, 0, 68
100 DATA 134, 126, 183, 1, 106, 190
110 DATA 1, 107, 175, 141, 0, 57, 48
120 DATA 141, 0, 4, 191, 1, 107, 57
130 DATA 129, 10, 38, 44, 52, 22, 220
140 DATA 27, 147, 25, 142, 4, 0, 141
150 DATA 6, 31, 152, 141, 2, 32, 25
160 DATA 52,2, 68, 68, 68, 68
170 DATA 141, 4, 53, 2, 132
180 DATA 15, 129, 9, 46, 4, 139, 112
190 DATA 32, 2, 139, 55, 167, 128, 57
200 52, 22, 126, 0, 0
216 the RAINBOW April, 1983
" TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER PRODUCTS "
" THE 1 248-EP EPROM PROGRAMMER "
The 1 248-EP EPROM PROGRAMMER is a full function unit thatis
compatible with virtually all popular 1 K.2K.4K &8K -by-8,24pin, 5
volt EPROMS. Compatible devices are 2508's. 2758 -0/1's,
251 B's, 271 B's, 2532's, 68732-0/1 's, 68764's, and 68766's.
Components 2732, 2732A, 2564, and 2764 are compatible via
adapters (not supplied]. The programmer is totally menu driven by
resident position independent firmware in EPROM, which makes it
suitable for experienced computer operators and novices alike.
Select the device type to be programmed from the device menu.
Next, select the function to be performed from the function menu.
On your command the 1 248-EP will verify EPROM erasure, com-
pare EPROM contents to specified contents of RAM or ROM,
program blocks or individual bytes of EPROM memory or copy an
EPROM's contents to user specified RAM.
The 1 248-EP plugs into the cartridge slot of the Color Computer
and is invoked by the user with the "EXEC & HCOOO" BASIC com-
mand. The 1 248-EP contains its own on-board programming power
supply, and has a quality "Zero Insertion Force" socket.
The combination of the TRS-80 Color Llnmj^ gc an editor/as-
sembler/monitor such as the Micro Works SDS80C-)<--X- and the
1 248-EP EPROM programmer, makes a high performance, cost
effective software development station for MC-B800/B809
microprocessor based systems. Use the system to store your own
games or utility programs in EPROM's for execution from the cart-
ridge slot using the CK4 PROM/RAM card described below.
The cost of the 1 248-EP EPROM PROGRAMMER, instructions
and adapter diagrams is |ust $99.95.
" THE CK4 PROM/ROM CARD "
TheCK4 works with 2K, 4K or 8K-by-8 ROM's or EPROM's of the 5
volt only variety in 24 pin packages. In addition, the CK4 may be used
with 4 static RAM's such as B116's to expand the computers
memory work space by 8 1 92 bytes. Each of the four on-board soc-
kets can be decoded to any 2K block of the memory map from
$C000 through $F800 of the Color Computer. In addition, each
socket can be configured to respond to address blocks from 2K to
8K bytes in length, thus accommodating 2K, 4K or8K-by-8 ROM's,
EPROM's or RAM's. ROM and RAM can be mixed on the card as
well. RAM, on thecard.can bewnttentoandthen"wnteprotected"
via dip switches on the CK4 to emulate ROM.
The instructions include information on how to set up the socket
decoding circuitry and how to provide battery backup for programs
stored in CMOS static RAM on the CK4 with the computer off or
the cartridge removed.
The popular CK4 PROM/RAM card is now available in three
versions.
1] The full featured CK4 remains the standard of cartridge board
flexibility with the added capability of providing battery backup for
CMOS static RAM's such as 61 1 6's. Cost of the CK4 is still just
$29.95.
2] The CK4-1 is a ROM only version of the CK4 card for use with
CoCo's with later than "E series" circuit boards. These later ver-
sions of CoCo are not able to write to cartridge based RAM without
modification. Cost is $27.95 for the CK4-1.
3] The CK4-2 i s the unpopulated CK4 series circuit board only. Buy
this version of the CK4 and configure them to meet your specific
requirements at a price designed to stretch your dollars value. Cost
is $15.95 each.
" MORSE
The MEDKBO Morse En/Decoder Kit consists of a machine code
software driver on tape, a schematic diagram of the interface cir-
cuitry, component parts, a printed circuit board (PCS), packaging
suggestions and complete instructions for building a Morse code
transmission and reception system that is compatible with 4K
RAM and up models of the TRS-SQ Color Computer .
The transmitter/receiver interface circuitry is totally optically
isolated and is, therefore, compatible with all receivers and trans-
mitters. Transmitter and receiver both connect to the interface
unit and to the Color Computer via the RS-232 port.
The MEDK80 Morse En/Decoder kit operates at speeds up to 70
words per minute and automatically adapts to speed variations of
the sender. When transmitting, words are transmitted only when
fully formed, i.e., followed by a space, and the transmit text buffer
gives visual notification to the operator of what word/character is
currently being sent. In addition, the text buffer is 512 characters
deep, which is sufficiently large to keep up with the best of "rag-
chewers".
Potential purchasers of this product should have previous kit
building experience. However, this is not a kit of great complexity,
and is well within the abilities of those actively involved in amateur
radio or electronic hobbies to construct. To reduce the chance of
wiring errors, component placement is indicated on the PC8 and
detailed assembly instructions are included.
The cost of the MEDKBO software, parts, and instructions is
$39.95.
" COCO" GETS A BREADBOARD
The COCO BREADBOARD is a circuit board that plugs directly into
the cartridge slot of the Color Computer and provides the user with
1 6 square inches of predrilled breadboarding area for circuit de-
velopment, interfacing experiments, motherboard implementation,
or whatever your imagination conjures up. The plated thru holes in
the breadboard are wirewrap pin compatible and on 0.10 inch
centers.
The COCO BREAD BOARD brings all of the data, address, and con-
trol signals available at the cartridge slot outside of the body of the
computer and the signal lines are appropriately labeled to facilitate
error free wiring of breadboards. A ground plane is provided on the
top side of the board and solder pads are provided on the bottom of
the board, thus facilitating circuit grounding and point-to-point
wiring. In short, the COCO BREADBOARD was designed with the
experimenter in mind.
The COCO BREADBOARD is attractively priced to justify its use
for even the lowestbudget projects. It is an ideal vehiclefor learning
interfacing techniques. Buy extras to have on hand for those rainy
weekends.
The COCO BREADBOARD costs just $19.95. Price for two (2) or
more is $1 6 95 each.
FACTORY FRESH COMPONENTS:
ITEM
2716 EPROM
2532 EPROM
6B21P
74LS156
Socket
DESCRIPTION
2K by 8 Bit, 350 ns
4K by 8 bit, 350 ns
P.I.A.
Open collector decoder
ZIF, 24 pin, Aries
Minimum component order: $25.00
PRICE
$4.50 ea.
$6.50 ea.
$3.50 ea.
$1.70 ea.
$7.95 ea.
9RPERINC INFORMATION:
Add $3.00 to all orders to cover shipping and handling. Allow two
weeks for personal checks. Canadian residents add 5°/o to cover
special handling. Arizona residents add 4°/o sales tax. Sorry! No
charges accepted. All items shipped UPS.
Make checks payable to:
COMPUTER ACCESSORIES OF ARIZONA
5801 E. VOLTAIRE DRIVE
SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA 85254
C602) 886-7568
TRS-80 is a trademark of TANDY CORP.
SDS80C is a trademark of the MICRO WORKS.
Prices subject to change without notice.
_>/__v/_
GAME
CoCo Says Repeat This Tune
By Larry Konecky
Director CAI In Music
Alcorn State University
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is receiving much
attention in all areas of education, particularly in subject
areas where drill and practice exercises are necessary for
student learning. In music education, ear training is an area
in which much practice is necessary by many students for
sufficient development to occur. Also, even though students
may be in the same music theory classes, or at the same
performinglevels, their aural discrimination skills may vary
greatly. For this reason programs which relate to various
skill levels are necessary.
The following musical game is intended to give students
practice in aural note identification at various skill levels. A
piano keyboard is displayed on the screen upon which the
computer plays sequences of notes which students must
repeat by pressing the proper keys on the Color Computer.
Since the computer keyboard is not like the piano keyboard
some imagination is necessary to visualize the piano key-
board onto the Color Computer keyboard. A plastic overlay
can be helpful by marking on the overlay the bottom row of
keys ('Z\ X\ 'C\ 'V\ 'B\ 'N\ 'M \ and V) as piano white keys
and in the next row ('S\ 'D\ G\ fc H\ and 'J') as black keys.
Also relabeling the computer keys their respective piano key
names (middle C through C above middle C) can be helpful.
At each novice level the computer shows which notes are
being played as well as sounding them before asking
students to repeat the sequence. In each other level only the
first note is shown, forcing the player to rely on listening
ability alone. The game begins with a one note sequence
which is lengthened by one note after each successful
completion of up to a maximum of fifty notes. This level can
be changed by adjusting lines 10 and 755.
At the intermediate-diatonic level, the intervals between
successive notes are limited to a maximum distance of a
fifth. At the intermediate-chromatic level, the randomize
function is set so that a greater amount of white key notes
will occur than black key notes. In other levels the notes
have an equal chance of being selected.
You may want to change the comments given at the end of
each exercise or the levels at which they occur. Refer to
program lines 1300 through 1460 to make the desired
changes.
Statement 5 uses a PC LEAR 1 which will give a syntax
error the first time the program is RUN after it is loaded.
Just retype RUN, press ENTER and the program will run
without the syntax error.
The listing:
200
680
1210
END
048F
098A
0EF7
1398
5 PCLEAR 1
10 DIM M<50) ,T<13)
14 ' ****************
15 ' ** note table **
16 ' ****************
20 F0RB=1T013: READT (B) :NEXT
30 DATA 89,108,125,133,147,159,1
70, 176
40 DATA 99,117,140,153,165
44 ' ***********************
45 '** keyboard graphics **
46 ' ***********************
50 W*=CHR* < 207 ) : WL*=CHR* < 202 ) : WR
*=CHR* < 197) : W2*=W*+W*: W3*=W*+W2*
: B*=CHR* < 128) : V*»CHR* (175)
60 C*=W2*+WL*+B*+WR*+W*+WL*+B*+W
R*+W2*: D*=W3*+V*+W3*+V*+W3*
70 F*=W2*+WL*+B*+WR*+W*+WL*+B*+W
218 the RAINBOW April, 1983
R*+W*+WL*+B*+WR*+W2* : G*=W3*+V*+W
3*+V*+W3*+V*+W3*: H*=W2*+WL*
80 Y*=CHR*<159) :R*=CHR*<255) : GR*
=CHR*<223>
89 " ***********************
90 '** introduction page **
91 " ***********************
100 CLS0:PRINT@10, "*SIMON SAYS*"
-
i
110 PRINTQ40, "*PLAY THIS TUNE* " 5
120 PRINT@96," A TUNE WILL BE DE
VELOPED ONE NOTE AT A TIME. Y
OU ARE TO CORRECTLY PLAY BA
CK THE TUNE BY PRESSING THE C
ORRECT KEYS. 11
130 PRINT@256," YOU MUST ANSWER
QUICKLY! "
140 PRINT6326, 11 ENTER YOUR NAME
: " 5 : PR I NT6352 , 5 : I NPUTN*
150 PRINT6450, 11 PRESS K FOR KEYB
OARD SETUP 11 ;
160 PRINT6485, 11 PRESS C TO CONTI
NUE 5
170 k*«inkey*:m<i>=rnd<13> : ifk*=
11 "THEN 170
1 80 I FK*= 11 K 11 THENC= 1 : GOTO 1 96
190 IFK*= ,, C ,, THENC«0:GOTO200
195 GOTO 170
196 GOSUB800
197 " ******************
198 '** level select **
199 * ******************
200 CLS4
210 PRINTQ10, "*SIMON SAYS* 11 ;
220 PRINTQ40, "*PLAY THIS TUNE*"5
230 PRINT@96, M SELECT FROM THE F
OLLOWING: "5
240 PRINT@163," 1) NOVICE DI
ATONIC "I
245 PRINT@195," 2) INTERMED - DI
ATONIC 5
250 PRINT@227," 3) EXPERT DI
ATONIC 5
255 PRINT@259," 4) NOVICE CH
ROM AT I C 5
260 PRINT@291," 5) INTERMED - CH
ROM AT I C "5
265 PRINTQ323," 6) EXPERT CH
ROM AT I C 11 ;
280 PRINT® 122, 5 : INPUTR
290 IFR<1ORR>6THEN230
360 IFC=1THENC=0
370 GOSUB800
380 X«l
389 * **************************
390 '** computer note select **
391 * **************************
400 PRINT638, STRING* (20, 159) 5
410 PR I NT670 , Y*+Y*+Y*+Y* 11 ***L I ST
EN*** " Y*+ Y*+Y*+Y* 5
420 PRINT6102, STRINGS (20, 159) 5
430 I FR< 4THENM ( X ) =RND < 8 ) ELSEM ( X )
=RND(13)
432 IFX>1ANDR=2THENGOSUB1500
433 IFX>1ANDR=5THENGOSUB1550
435 FORZ«1TO960:NEXT
440 FORY-1TOX
450 IFX=1ORR«1ORR«4THEN460ELSE47
0
460 GOSUB1000
470 SOUNDT(M(Y) ) ,8
480 IFX=1ORR=1ORR«4THEN490ELSE49
5
490 GOSUB1050
495 NEXTY
497 * *******************
498 '** answer select **
499 * *******************
500 PRINT638, STRING* (20, 223) 5
510 PRINT@70,GR*+GR*5 n ***PLAY BA
CK!***"GR*+GR*5
520 PRINTQ102, STRING* (20,223) 5
530 FORY=lTOX
540 T=l
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 219
550 K*=INKEY*:T=T+l: IFT>250THEN1
200
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
GOTO700
GOTO700
GOTO700
GOTO700
GOTO700
GOTO700
GOTO700
GOTO700
GOTO700
760
797
798
799
800
IFK*=" "THEN550
IFK*="Z"THENK=1
IFK*="X"THENK=2
IFK*="C"THENK«3
IFK*="V"THENK=4
IFK*="B"THENK=5
IFK*«"N"THENK«6
IFK*»"M"THENK=7
IFK*«", "THENK-8
IFK*«"S"THENK«9
I FK*« " D " THENK> 1 0 : GOTO700
I FK*= " G " THENK= 1 1 : GOTO700
I FK*= " H " THENK= 1 2 : GOTO700
IFK*="J"THENK=13
IFM<Y)«K THEN7 1 0ELSE 1 200
GOSUB1000
SOUNDT(K) ,7
GOSUB1050
NEXTY
X-X+l
IFX=51THEN1600
GOTO400
7 **************************
7 ** print piano keyboard **
7 **************************
CLS3
from
CoCoHu
THE ULTIMATE STRATEGY GAME
1 or 2
players
4
p.
=ri!=HJ!fi^-T: : i
16 K Ext
Basic
required
Cassette $19.95 Disk $24.95
Send check or money order to:
COCOHUT >«\
P. O. Box 24451 rrryA
Houston, TX 77015
RAINBOW
C«*T*KUrtO*
810 PRINT610, "*SIMON SAYS* 11 ;
820 PRINT640, "*PLAY THIS TUNE*";
840 F0RX=1T04: Y=X*32+129: Z=X*32+
257
850 print@y,c*; :print@y+12,f*; :p
RINT@Y+28,H*;
860 print@z,d*; :PRINT@Z+12,G*; :P
RINT6Z+28, W3*; : NEXT
870 IFC=1THENGOSUB900
880 RETURN
897 * ***********************
898 7 ** computer keyboard **
899 ' ***********************
900 PRINT® 100," COMPUTER KEYBOAR
D SETUP ";
910 PRINT6228, "S" ; : PRINT6232, "D"
; :print@240, "G"; :print@244, "H"; :
PRINT6248, "J";
920 PR I NT6354 , " Z " 5 : PR I NT6358 , " X "
; :print@362, "C"; :print@366, "V"; :
PRINT6370, "B"| :PRINT@374, "N"; : PR
I NT6378 , " M " J : PR I NTQ382 , " , " 5
930 PRINTQ485," PRESS C TO CONTI
NUE
940 K*=INKEY*: IFK*=""THEN940
950 IFK*="C"THEN RETURNELSE940
989 ' ************************
990 7 ** notes being played **
991 ' ************************
1000 IF M(Y) M0THEN1040
1010 IF M(Y) >8THEN1030
1020 PRINT@M(Y)*4+318,R*; : PRINT®
M <Y) *4+350, R*; : RETURN
1030 PRINT@M<Y)*4+160,R*; :PRINT@
M < Y) *4+192, R*J : RETURN
1040 PRINT@M<Y)*4+164,R*; : PRINT®
M<Y)*4+196,R*; : RETURN
1047 ' *********************
1048 '** return keyboard **
1 049 ' *********************
1050 IFM < Y) M0THEN1090
1 060 IFM < Y) >8THEN 1 080
1070 PRINT@M(Y)*4+318,W*; : PRINT®
M < Y ) *4+350 , W* ; : RETURN
1080 PRINT@M<Y)*4+160,B*; : PRINT®
M<Y)*4+192,B*; : RETURN
1090 PRINT@M(Y)*4+164,B*; : PRINT®
M<Y)*4+196,B*J : RETURN
1 1 97 * ******************
1198 7 ** wrong answer **
1 199 7 ******************
1200 PRINTQ36, STRING* (24, 255) ;
1210 PRINT@68,R*+R*+R*" THAT NO
TE WAS: "R*+R*+R*;
1220 PRINT6100, STRING* (24, 255) ;
1240 FORZ=1TO10
1250 GOSUB1000
1260 SOUND T(M(Y) ) , 1
1270 GOSUB 1050
1280 SOUND T<M<Y) > , 1
220 the RAINBOW April, 1983
RAINBOW CONNECTION SOFTWARE presents.
5 •ounda«tional,colorful 1 graphic games for your Color Coaputsr ineluding:
Briokout, B-17 Bomber, Blaokjaok, Jaokpot and Coaputration - all for tba
prica you might expect to pay for Just one of these games I II
Plus added bonus - Compumindt guaaa the computer's aecret coda from clues
provided - a game of logic for the whole family. At thia price oan your
library afford to be without them'?
All machinee - Ext. Basic NOT Required
J19.95 Cassette - S24.95 Disk
RAINBOW CONNECTION SOFTWARE presents...
You've traversed the dungeons of Kzirgla and reclaimed the almighty Scepter.
Now you must use its invincible powers and all your weapons to slay a myriad
of monsters and fireballs in your attempt to destroy the evil wizard. If you
like the challenge and mystique but not the boredom of text only adventure
games then this real time, hi-rea sequel to the ever popular Scepter of Kzirgla
is for youl
16K Ext Basio Cass - $21.9?
CONQUEST OT KZIRGLA for -the Color Computer 32X Diskette - 126.95
RAINBOW CONNEOTION SOFTWARE presents...
The year is 2117 and the galaxy has been invaded by the Xopri
a race cf robots from a distant galaxy. Your mission is to rid
galaxy of their various ships a quadrant at a time but fuel is precioue.
Just as it seems you're winning the battle they hit you with the ultimate
weapon - phycological warfaral Hi-ree, real time, arcade sound.
l6K Ext. Basic & Joystick
814.95 Cass
(33
EiJNBOW [JOMtEallaJ? SDTTlOJiE pnsanti,,
•Reviewed in the RAINBOW
At last... a real-time j?ra-phl es adventure game with arc&d e sound for your Color Computer!
If you are bored with silent screens of text but enjoy the challenge and complexity of
adventure games then SCEPTER OF K2IRGLA is for you.
Add
Include 12.00 shipping,
Minn, resedents add 5$ tax,
Dealer inquiries invited.
Not affiliated with THE RAINBOW.
49
l6K Ext. Baeic Raq.
S16.95 case - 821.95 disk
RAINBOW CONNECTION SOFTWARE
351 1 * 6th Place N.W.
Rochester, KN 55901
GOLDLABEL
BLANK CASSETTES
★ PREMIUM 5 SCREW SHELL
★ COMPUTER DATA QUALITY *LOW NOISE
★ MADE IN USA ★GUARANTEED
1 DDZEN C-10 LENGTH $8.50 + $2.50 shpg.
2 DOZEN C-10 LENGTH $16.00 + $3.50 shpg.
1 DOZEN C-30 LENGTH $12.50 + $2.50 shpg.
2 DOZEN C-30 LENGTH $23.50 + $3.50 shpg.
Individual storage boxes (sold only with cassettes) $2.40 per dozen.
CASSETTE CADDY: $3.95 + S2.00 shpg.
2 for $7.00 + $3.00 shpg.
Free shipping on one caddy with each dozen cassettes.
Foreign orders include shipping at 16 oz. per dozen tapes/9 oz. per
caddy/13 oz. per dozen boxes. Shipped in U.S. by UPS.
CASSETTE CADDY
TIRED OF MISPLACED TAPES AND A CLUTTERED WORK AREA? TRY
OUR HINGED TOP SMOKED PLASTIC CADDY THAT HOLDS 12 TAPES IN
ONE HANDY LOCATION. EDGE LABELS INCLUDED TO IDENTIFY TAPES.
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
Visa and Mastercard accepted (include expiration date) Orders paid by
cashier's check, money order or bankcard are shipped within 48 hours.
Personal check takes 1-2 wks. No COD. Some foreign sales are restricted.
Texas residents add 5% tax.
COLOR SOFTWARE SERVICES
P.O. BOX 1708, DEPT. R
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401
Telephone Orders: (214) 454-3674 9-4 Monday-Saturday
★ DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
^QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE
1290 NEXT
1295 GOSUB1000
1297 ************
1298 '** score **
1 299 * ***********
1300 IFX<6THEN1350
1310 IFX>5ANDX<11THEN1375
1315 IFX>10ANDX<16THEN1380
1317 IFX>15ANDX<21THEN1390
1320 IFX>20ANDX<26THEN1410
1330 IFX>25ANDX<31THEN1420
1340 IFX>30ANDX<41THEN1430
1345 IFX>40THEN1435
ii
H
N*
H
YOU DID P
n
YOU ONLY MADE I
n
n
n
n
n
"N$" , YOU CAN D
00
"N$" , THAT WAS O
"N$" , THAT WAS G
YOU MADE IT TO"
H
N*
H
1350 PRINT6416,
OORLY ! "
1360 PRINTQ448,
T TO "X-l
1370 GOTO 1440
1375 PRINTQ416,
0 BETTER. ": GOTO 1400
1380 PRINTQ416,
-K. M :GOTO1400
1390 PRINTQ416,
OOD ! "
1400 PRINT6448,
X-1.-GOTO1440
1410 PRINT6416,
EXCELLENT ! " : GOTO 1400
1420 PRINT@416," "N$",
RE AT! ": GOTO 1400
1430 PRINT@416," "N$",
ANTAST ICS": GOTO 1 400
1435 PRINTQ416, " "N$",
VABLE! !**": GOTO 1400
1440 PRINT@485, M PRESS P TO PLAY
AGAIN " ;
1 450 K*= I NKEY* : I FK*= " " THEN 1 450
1460 IFK*= ,, P ,, THEN200ELSE1450
1497 ' ***********************
1498 '** intermed routines **
1499 9 ***********************
1500 MX=M(X)-M(X-1)
1510 IFMX>4THENM(X)=M(X)-5
1520 IFMX<-4THENM<X)-M<X>+5
1530 RETURN
1550 MX-RND<3)
1560 IFMX=3THEN1580
1570 IFM(X) >8THENM < X ) =M < X ) -5
1580 RETURN
1 597 * ***************
1598 '** maximum # **
1 599 * ***************
THAT WAS
YOU ARE G
YOU ARE F
**UNBELIE
n
H
N*
H
*I GIVE U
1600 PRINT6416,
P! !#"
1610 FORZ=1TO250STEP5:SOUNDZ, l:N
EXTZ
1 620 FOR Z - 1 TO 1 0 : SOUND240 , 1 : SOUND
250, l:NEXTZ
1630 GOTO 1400
222 the RAINBOW April, 1983
LEARN A SECOND LANGUAGE ON YOUR
COLOR COMPUTER • NEW • exciting • easy
Creative Courseware using the latest
technology and Professional Programming
Fulfill your educational objectives
Have fun learning a new language
Expand your children's horizons.
Improve your job potential
Young and old can learn
Affordable, only pennies per hour.
— High quality visuals, not dotted graphics
HEAR — High quality audio as spoken by natives
UNDERSTAND — Through programmed instruction
RESPOND — Branching, and looping insure learning.
Our Lessons Teach You to
HEAR and THINK in a
Second Language
These lessons are for you if you:
• Think you can't learn
• Have had previous difficulties
• Want to start out right
• Want language success
Lessons Now Available in
Spanish, English and
French
• Color Computer with 16K RAM
and tape recorder required
• SLU-1: People, Persons & Family
• SLU-2: Stand, Walk & Run
• SLU-3: Smile, Eat & Talk
• SLU-4: House
• SLU-5: Open & Closed
• SLU-6: Furniture & Appliances
• SLU-7: Meals
• Vocabulary #1, 2 & 3: 200 words each
Other Lessons and
Languages Available Soon
Special Values
Special Value #1
SLU 1 -3, VOCAB 1 , and Lesson Control
A $129.75 Value for only $99.95.
SV-1 (specify language desired) $99.95
Special Value #2
SLU 1 -7, VOCAB 1-3, and Lesson Control
A $249.45 Value for only $199.95.
SV-2 (specify language desired). . . $1 99.95
Demonstration Lesson (for the doubter)
DEMO-1 $9.95
Individual Lessons:
(specify language desired)
Second Language Usage (SLU) $19.95
Vocabulary (SL) $19.95
Lesson Control: (only one copy needed
for all lessons and languages)
LC-CC $49.50
J
HOW TO HEAR AND THINK IN a second language
Skilled linguists have developed our series of second language programs. The lessons utilize the power of programmed
instruction wherein you are advanced to new material only after satisfactory learning has occurred at the current level. Our
techniques teach you how to think in a language without initially using any printed text material. No mental translation to your
native language is required. You learn as a child does, hearing and speaking before reading. The computer both tutors and
keeps track of progress as it moves you forward (or backward when review is necessary). AUDIO plus VISUALS plus
INTERACTIVE RESPONSE establish thelearning process.and literally THOUSANDSofvisualshelpseal-inthesound patterns
of your new language.
All of our lessons are interactive and user friendly; yet, you are unaware of the complex course structure involved. For
example: Lesson SLU-1 uses the theme of PEOPLE, PERSONS & FAMILY to teach the use of nouns to name things, to classify
them into categories, and to identify members of a group. Sentence structure is developed using the verb 'be' and its relationship
to nouns and adverbs, including plural forms and inversions. Noun structure using definite and indefinite articles, and regular
and irregular plural forms isalso presented. The other lessonsaresimilarly designed. In addition, each VOCABULARY LESSON
presents approximately 200 visuals and 200 words that are integrated into the learning process.
While the foregoing might seem complex, and it is, IT IS ALSO THE REASON OUR COURSEWARE CAN TEACH
LANGUAGES. If you have tried 'game' or 'tape' language programs you know that they are ineffective. Our programs can teach
you a language because we have successfully combined expert authoring of programmed courseware with audio & visuals &
response & branching into a powerful tutorial package.
DEALER INQUIRIES ACCEPTED
We have a broad range of Audio
Visual Computer Aided Instruc-
tion under development. Some
users of our courseware might
include Day Care Centers,
Schools (public and private),
institutions in various categories,
individuals and language tutors.
ABSOLUTELY NO RISK
You may examine your
order for 15 days. If you de-
cide not to take advantage
of the lesson(s) simply re-
turn in good condition for a
full refund or cancellation
of credit card charges.
"\ r
*WE PAY UPS IN USA
(street address required for UPS)
*Add $2.00 if US Mail desired.
*Add 15% for foreign. APO & FPO
(Remit in US Funds)
*Virginia Orders add 4% sales tax
*Mail creditcard orders please
include all card information
WE ACCEPT
• VISA and
MASTER CARD
• Money Orders
• Certified Checks
• Other Checks {must
clear before shipment)
FREE ORDER LINE
1-800-368-6300
FOR VIRGINIA ORDERS
AND OTHER CALLS:
1-804-463-6300
* * +
BASIC PROGRAMS, INC.
236 Mustang Trail, #102
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
EDUCATION
Education and
The Color Computer
By Dr. Paul Kimmelman
Rainbow Education Editor
To begin, thanks to all of you who have sent the names of
your school district's computer coordinators. While the
numbers have not been overwhelming, we have begun to
establish an educational Color Computer network. It is
interesting to see how many people are working with the
Color Computer for educational purposes and more signifi
cantly, writing their own educational programs. In the
future, we will describe some of the programsbeing used.
We are also becoming more enlightened through the
number of telephone calls and letters we receive requesting
more information about the Color Computer and its use in
the schools. At this point, we are informing everyone who
asks that our use of the Color Computers has indicated that
they are durable and from a service perspective they have
been very reliable. We are also finding that many companies
are beginning to develop third-party software and peripher-
al equipment to use with them.
In the very near future a compact 3" micro-floppydisk
drive system will be distributed for the Color Computer.
Some of the features of this system will include a shirt-
pocket sized disk instead of the traditional 5!4" disk that can
store up to 1 Megabyte of information. The plastic cartridge
COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Adventure games
■ THE ALCHEMIST'S LABORATORY ■ $14.95
mix the ingredients that will
turn lead into gold.
- LOKAR'S MAGIC STAFF - $14.95
can you unlock the deadly secrets of LOKAR'S magic staff?
- MEGAMAZE - $14.95
a wild, five dimensional space maze adventure.
- SQUEEZE ■ $14.95
arcade style game where aliens close in from both sides at
once.
- GRAPHIC SCREEN EDITOR - $16.95
create pictures on the screen using joysticks or arrow keys-
save on tape, erase, paint, and many other features.
- COLOR SHOW DISPLAYS - $8.95
five graphics programs that create endless changing pat-
terns.
all programs 16-K extended basic cassette only.
Send for free catalogue. We accept checks, money orders,
Visa and Mastercharge. (no C.O.D.'s) Please add $1 .00 for
shipping. Send to:
REAL SOFTWARE CO.
P.O. BOX 401 • HOPEDALE, MA 01747
(617) 393-6281
CIS orders EMAIL to 71505,430
Mass. residents add 5% sales tax Dealer inquiries welcomed
has a tlip-type head cover to protect it from dust, scratches
and fingerprints. The system is a double-disk drive, and we
should have more information on it by the next issue.
In addition, we are attempting to find monitors to use
with the Color Computer. The significant advantage will be
improved resolution for programs that require this type of
clarity. There is a possibility that one of the problems of
using the Color Computer with a monitor has been elimina-
ted through the development of a cable that will enable
Color Computer owners to use a true video monitor.
Now for the important part of using the Color Computer
in our schools. If anything is becoming apparent, it is the
fact that regardless of whether the Color Computer is being
used in the home or in the school, the basis for its use should
be designed to help young people learn more about how to
control the computer. It is important that everyone realizes
the basic categories that the computer can be used for with
students.
First, many programs are designed to have the student
respond to problems or questions displayed on the monitor.
We believe that this type of instruction is important as long
as it is used in conjunction with regular classroom
instruction or as a supplemental activity.
More importantly, however, now is the time to begin
establishing a basic curriculum for computer use and that
curriculum must include working with programs such as
LOGO. The young child who cannot read can very easily
work with a parent or teacher and use the LOGO doodle
mode to discover how he or she can make the turtle move
around the screen. From there, as the child learns to read,
there can be a gradual evolution of a more sophisticated
curriculum whereby the child could be required to write his
or her own programs. Children adapt to LOGO with ease.
We have heard from some individuals who are critical of
Color LOGO because of several features that it does not
include. It seems to me that we should focus on those aspects
of the program that exist. The features that are not included
will not affect young children's usage of Color LOGO to any
significant extent.
LOGO is rapidly emerging as a popular children's
language. The ROM pack that Radio Shack will produce
will be more than adequate for young children who want to
become familiar with this language. By the time they have
mastered the components of Color LOGO, they will be
ready to handle programming with other structured
procedural languages.
We believe that we should encourage the use of the
computers beginning with a child's kindergarten experience.
Kindergarteners are capable of using joysticks with prog-
rams such as Popcorn and learn concepts such as directions —
up, down, right and left. From that point the use of the
doodle mode in LOGO and many other letter recognition
programs will enable them to become comfortable and
competent with the computer. Perhaps the most important
aspect of computer education is that we develop fun-
damental skills and build upon them in a sequential manner.
The last component of the computer program — games —
is one that is being debated by many educators and parents. I
believe that games play a significant part in motivating
students to work with computers. Like anything else, too
much of any one activity could be counterproductive.
However, student use of computers with programming
languages, drill and test routines, and games can all be used
interchangeably to develop a fundamentally sound com-
puter literacy curricular program.
( Dr. Kimmelman is assist ant superintendent of Norton City
Schools, Norton City, Ohio.)
224 the RAINBOW April, 1983
TEXT fiffl CSftFHJCS
f —
LARGE CHARACTERS
FOR SMALL CHILDREN
□R THE VISUALLY
IMPAIRED
123456789012345678901
ABCDEFGH I FKLMNDPQRSTU
VWX YZabctle i SJh i Jk 1 mop
qrstuwxyzl
SOLUTION ON CARTRIDGE
The cartridge version of THE SOLUTION has all of the
features of the tape version and more. It works with all
of the graphic modes (including 4 colors). It includes a
51 characters per line feature and the ability to define a
text window on the screen. All of this and much more
at the low price of — $34 95
ROM-PAKS $9.95
This is an empty Rom-Pak with a PC board. It will hold
eithera 2716, 2732 or a 2764.Thecase looks very simi-
lar to Radio Shack's Rom-Pak. Comes complete with
instructions.
CUSTOM PROGRAMING
We will put your program in a Rom-Pak for you for a
very reasonable fee. The program can be either Basic
or machine language. Prices start at $19.95 for pro-
grams up to 4K in length. $29.95 for programs up to 8K.
Volume discounts are available. Send for a free sub-
mittal form.
ft I P $ t f
$ c i fc a s
* S €
i
♦LICENSEE TO TftNDY CORP.
*
i
*
1 clear »*e«orrf
2 edit text
3 save on i-aPe
4 load fro* tap*
5 Pr 1 At
6 chan3e standards
(select l-4>
SCRIPTFX $9.95
Are you tired of the upper case display of Color Scrip-
sit? Well then SCRIPTFX is for you. This is a program
which converts the display of Color Scripsit over to a
real display of upper and lower case letters with des-
cenders. The program allows all of the features of
Scripsit to function and comes with a money back
guarantee if it does not work. Please specify machine
type when ordering. Extended Basic is not required.
SUPER PILOT $9-95
An enhanced version of Pilot for use with Extended Basic.
Includes features for math, graphics, and sound. Has a
feature that makes it easy to create flash card type drill
programs. Programs are pseudo compiled for faster
execution. Comes with as 24 page tutorial manual and demo
programs. Sample program included on tape to get you
started.
All programs for 16K, 32K Extended Basic machines unless
otherwise noted. All programs on cassette. Add $4.00 per
order for disk.
DISCOUNT — order 10 or more programs (you may mix
types) and you will receive a 30% discount on the order.
Dealer discounts are also available.
SNAKE MOUNTAIN SOFTWARE
P.O. BOX 5722
RALEIGH, NC 27650
919-828-6669
Phone COD orders accepted.
18 *3e*& of -tfce SOJ/TrON siwirg 43 upper-
arsct :,y*er case characters pec line, 2i
l>rx?-s «n tJ**e scwv and fr&hHts.
W fU?!^ TO 40 STEP 3
38 €££0X098.- 323,1,9
^ rcxri
58 FIRI-32 TO t&7
m HHMTO*«l>?* *'r
78 ItKFl
or
* ' » # * X %. * < % * * ■ r - , / a i I 3 1
*• * »ti c al e f 3 h i j k i « n s l» r s
(Etmgratuiatttmgi
you made the right choice when you purchased a
Color Computer. It is a very powerful machine.
However the standard display format does not do the
machine justice. The machine is capable of much more than
16 lines of 32 all capital characters. Now you can give your
Color Computer the display it deserves. THE SOLUTION
gives the Color Computer a much better display than it nor-
mally has, and really makes the machine shine. Its features
include:
• provides a screen of 42 characters by 21 lines displayed
• linked directly to basic — program is transparent to the
user
• prints all 96 ASCII characters, lowercase characters
have descenders, has a slashed zero to avoid
confusion when programing
• prints characters on any two-color graphic screen
graphics and text may be intermixed on the same screen
special mode with 4 lines of text at the bottom of the
screen (just like some other famous color machines) —
great for working with graphics
large character mode for small children or the visually
impaired
character set may be reversed
written in machine language, program is relocatable
fast — prints at over 600 characters per second
works with both cassette and disk
includes a 20 page manual with demo programs (a lunar
lander program is included)
SOLUTION $19.95
EXTENDER $ 7.95
Still want more than 42 characters per line from your
computer. Then the EXTENDER is for you. This program
when used with THE SOLUTION will give a display of 51
characters per line by 21 lines displayed. Please include your
program serial number when ordering.
GRAPH LABEL $8.95
Have you ever wanted to place characters on a graphic
screen but couldn't find an easy way to do it. Well then
GRAPH LABEL is for you. This program will enable you to
place characters anywhere on a graphic screen. It will place
any of 96 ASCII characters on the screen or you may create
your own characters. It features a cursor that may be moved
anywhere around the screen with out rubbing out what it
goes over. Superscripts and subscripts may be used since
the cursor may be moved vertically and horizontally in steps
as small as one pixel. Lowercase characters have descend-
ers. GRAPH LABEL is written in Basic and is therefore easy
to modify. It may be used by itself or as a subroutine.
SCREEN PRINT PACKAGE $8.95
A package of 2 programs for use with the LPVII, LPVIII,
DMP100, DMP200, DMP400, DMP500. The programs will
print an image of what is on a graphic screen tothe printer.
Both programs work with all the standard PMODEs. The
programs are written in machine language and may be
moved anywhere in memory. The two programs are:
1) SCREEN PRINT — will produce a regular size print. The
image may be located anywhere on a page.
2) DOUBLE SIZE SCREEN PRINT — this program will
produce a full size imagethat will fill up a sheet of paper. The
finished product is 8 by 6.5 inches in size. Your computer
graphics look really good when they are printed out with this
program.
SHIPPING — add $2.00 for ordersless than $20.00. Shipping
is free on orders of more than $20.00.
Canadians — please send money orders only.
All orders shipped within 5 working days.
Game Master 's Apprentice
Let's Try
Fantasy Role Playing Games
By
George Firedrake
and
Bob Albrecht
Millions of young people, and many not-so-young, are
playing fantasy role playing games. A role playing game is a
game in which one or more players create and control char-
acters (adventurers) who live their imaginary lives in a spe-
cially made game world. The game world is created, man-
aged, and operated by a GameMaster (GM), also called a
referee, adventure master, or dungeon master (DM).
Most people who play role playing games use a formal
rule system. Some of the best known are shown below.
Dungeons & Dragons (D&D). From TSR Hobbies,
P.O. Box 756, Lake Geneva, WI 53147.
RuneQuest (RQ). From Chaosium, P.O. Box 6302,
Albany, CA 94706.
Tunnels & Trolls (T&T). From Blade, Box 1467,
Scottsdale, AZ 85252.
Worlds of Wonder (WOW). From Chaosium, P. O.
Box 6302, Albany, CA 94706.
BEGINNERS BEWARE! The rulebooks are very diffi-
cult to understand. If you are a beginner, first try Worlds of
Wonder or Tunnels & Trolls.
GameMaster's Dice
Most role playing game systems use dice to determine the
outcomes of events. Dice are rolled to find out whether
something happened or didn't happen. Did a character find
the hidden treasure, or open the secret door, or hear the
monster sneaking up behind her? Did the character solve the
puzzle that unlocks the magic chest or read the cryptic
runes? Who won the melee between the good guys and the
bad guys? How much damage did our character take when
he fell out of the tree? Roll dice to find out.
Dice are used to determine success or failure in using
weapons. If a weapon attack is successful, dice are used to
determine how much damage is inflicted. If a character can
use magic, dice are rolled to determine if a spell is cast
successfully and what its effects are. In playing a game, you
spend much time rolling dice and interpreting the results of a
roll. Fantasy role playing, like life itself, is part skill and part
luck.
GameMaster's Dice come in many shapes, from tetrahed-
rons (4 sides) to icosahedrons (20 sides). We assume you are
already acquainted with ordinary six-sided dice. We use the
abbreviation D6 to mean one six-sided die.
n
D6 is one six-sided die
ID6 is one six-sided die
2D6 are two six-sided dice
3D6 are three six-sided dice
and so on.
We also use less familiar dice, such as:
D4
D4 is a tetrahedron, with sides num-
bered I to 4. The number rolled is the
one that is right side up after you throw
the die.
D8
D12
D20
D8 is an octahedron, with eight sides
numbered I to 8.
DIGIT DICE
D 12 is a dodecahedron, with twelve sides
numbered 1 to 12.
D 20 is an icosahedron, with twenty sides
numbered I to 20.
A digit die (DD) can be a ten-sided die,
with sides numbered 0 to 9, or an ico-
sahedron with twenty sides numbered 0
to 9 (each number appears twice).
D6
We use digit die (DD) to roll a decimal digit, 0 to 9.
However, sometimes we want to roll DI0, a number from I
to 10. Easy— roll a DD and use 0 to mean 10.
REMEMBER: A digit die (DD) is a 10 or 20-sided die
whose faces are numbered 0 to 9.
D 100 is a percentage roll, also called a percentile roll, with
numbers from 00 to 99. To make a percentage roll, use a DD
(digit die), roll it twice. The first roll is the ten's digit; the
second roll is the one's d igit. I f you roll a 3 the first time and a
7 the second time, the number is 37.
Or use two digit dice of different colors. One color (silver?
gold? yellow?) is the ten's digit and the other (white?
copper?) is the one's digit.
Sometimes, zero zero (00) is a fumble. If you roll a fumble
... alas ... your character may trip on his sword, drop the
chest of gold on his foot, fall out of the tree in which he is
hiding, or suffer another calamity gleefully prescribed by the
GameMaster. (GameMasters love it, when vow fumble.)
If you browse the literature of role playing games, you
may encounter other dice abbreviations.
226 the RAINBOW April, 1983
Next time, we will show you our first GameM aster's Dice
program. In the meantime, keep on rolling.
True Names, And Other Names
In role playing games, names are important. If you read
fantasy, perhaps you know some of these names.
FRODO GANDALF ARAGORN GIMLI
ELROND CONAN ELRIC GED
If you acquire a character to play in a game, you usually
get to choose the name of your character. You may choose
any name, including your own name or the name of a friend.
Any name is OK.
You might want to give your character a name different
from the names you are used to, a name that "sounds like"
the kind of person (human or otherwise) your character is.
In a future article, we will talk about names that sound
Gaelic, or Dwarvish, or Elf en, or whatever. This time, we
will talk about random names that have a certain flavor.
When you see or hear:
ROKAR BARAK KUMAN MORAB
D6+1
3D4
D6+D4
Roll a D6 and add one to the result.
Possible values are 2 to 7 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or
7).
Roll three four-sided dice and add
them. Possible values are 3 to 12. These
values are not equally probable.
Roll one D6 and one D4, then add the
results. Possible values are 2 to 10.
Another way to roll D3 isto roll D4. If you get4, ignore it
and roll again. If you don't have the proper dice, improvise!
Or, use your CoCo to roll dice. First, we challenge you to
write a program to roll N dice, each with S sides. Yes, if you
want, you can roll two-sided dice, or seven-sided dice, or
13-sided dice, or whatever imaginary dice you create.
Hmmm ... if you do, think about what they might look like.
Send us your designs for fair dice with 2, 7, 13, (and so on)
sides.
Yup, we wrote a program to roll dice. Here is a RUN of
our program.
DICE? 3D6
12
DICE? 2D7
6
DICE? DD
4
DICE? P?
73
DICE? D20(Same as 1D20)
16
DICE? and so on
What do you think about them? What kind of characters
might they be? How about:
MOSAS
SOMAL
RAMOS
MIKOS
Without any additional information, pick three of the above
as people to go adventuring with.
All of the above names have the form:
CONSONANT
VOWEL
CONSONANT
VOWEL
CONSONANT
We challenge you to write a program to create and display
five-letter names consisting of: CONSONANT, VOWEL,
CONSONANT, VOWEL, CONSONANT. We suggest
your program should display several names, then say "FOR
MORE NAMES, PRESS SPACE." If someone presses the
space bar, you see one more line of names.
Think ahead. Anticipate what we might ask next. For
example:
NAME STRUCTURE? CVCVC
HOW MANY NAMES? 20
Consonant, Vowel
Consonant, Vowel
Consonant.
TO DO AGAIN, PRESS SPACE
So, we press the space bar and,
NAME STRUCTURE? VCCVC
HOW MANY NAMES? 16
CoCo prints
16 names
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 227
TO DO AGAIN, PRESS SPACE
With this program, you can try lots of name "flavors!"
Scan The Character File
Last time, we showed you a program to look up and
display the seven basic characteristics for a RuneQuest or
Worlds of Wonder character. Information on each charac-
ter is stored, by name of characer, as a record in a file of
records in DATA statements. You ask for a character by
name and the CoCo displays the information for that
character.
This time, a program to scan the entire file, beginning with
the first record. To get the next record, you press any key. If
the CoCo is already displaying the last record, you press any
key. If the CoCo is already displaying the last record in the
file (ENDFILE), pressing a key causes it to start over with
the first record.
When you RUN the program, first you see:
NAME: ALOYSIOUS
STR 10
CON 1 1
SIZ 10
INT 12
POW 10
DEX 12
CHA 9
FOR NEXT RECORD, PRESS ANY KEY
So, press a key and see the second record in the file.
400 REM**READ A RECORD
410 READ NAME*
420 READ STR, CON, SIZ,
, DEX, CHA
INQ, POW
500 REM**PRINT CHARACTER'S NAME
510 CLS
520 PRINT NAME*
600 REM**PRINT CHARACTERISTICS
610 PRINT
620 PRINT ,, STR M
630 PRINT "CON"
640 PRINT "SIZ"
650 PRINT 11 INT"
660 PRINT "POW"
670 PRINT "DEX"
680 PRINT "CHA"
700 REM**TELL HOW TO DO AGAIN
710 PRINT
720 PRINT "FOR NEXT RECORD, PRES
S ANY KEY"
730 IF INKEY* = " " THEN 730 ELSE
810
800 REM**START OVER IF ENDFILE
810 IF NAME*=" ENDFILE" THEN 310
ELSE 410
NAME: BAROSTAN
STR
CON
SIZ
INT
POW
DEX
CHA
17
17
13
8
7
15
6
FOR NEXT RECORD, PRESS ANY KEY
Keep pressing and eventually you will see the End-Of-File
record. It looks like this:
NAME: ENDFILE
STR
CON
SIZ
INT
POW
DEX
CHA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FOR NEXT RECORD, PRESS ANY KEY
It you now press a key, the CoCo will start over with the
first record (ALOYSIOUS).
Here is the program:
100 REM**SCAN CHARACTER FILE
300 REM**BEG INNING OF FILE
310 RESTORE
1000 REM**DATA FILE
1010 DATA ALOYSIOUS, 10, 11, 10,
12, 10, 12, 9
1020 DATA BAROSTAN, 17, 17, 13,
8, 7, 15, 6
1030 DATA BRIDLA, 11, 12, 10,
15, 6, 11, 6
1040 DATA DERNFARA, 13, 13, 8,
13, 4, 17, 6
1050 DATA JOLEEN, 13, 11, 7,
13, 8, 17, 13
1060 DATA ROKANA, 9, 9, 9, 17,
18, 9, 10
1070 DATA ENDFILE, 0,0, 0,0,0, 0,0
You can change the records in the DATA FILE to records
for your characters, or add your character records to the
DATA FILE. Remember to put ENDFILE in the last
DATA statement.
Next time, we will combine two programs, CHARAC-
TER FINDER and SCAN CHARACTER FILE, into a
single program with a menu that lets you select which you
want to do.
RND(RND(N))
Last time, Hieronymus Heuristicus wrote a program to
compute a bunch of RN D( RN D(2)) numbers and count
how many ones and how many twos occurred. One of his
228 the RAINBOW April, 1983
YOUR COLOR COMPUTER JUST GOT WHEELS!
REVOLUTION!
You accelerate hard down a long straightaway,
braking heavily at the end for a hard corner.
You slice smoothly through the esses, and then
boldly keep the power on for a fast sweeper.
The Ferrari drifts dangerously near the edge,
but you make a tiny correction in the steering,
and you are through.
The finish line flashes by, and suddenly you
are in the pits. The car falls silent. You see your
lap times being held up. Your final lap was a
new lap record! At last, you permit yourself
a small smile.
You have mastered this powerful car on a
difficult track, driving with the assurance and
precision that comes only from long hours of
practice.
You are driving an authentic race car. You are
playing Revolution!
FANTASTIC ACTION
Revolution uses high resolution, machine language graphics
for action that is smooth and fast. The emphasis is on
authenticity in the control and motion of your car. As in
driving a real race car, accuracy and precision in your driving
are what counts. Frills and non-essentials have been lef t out.
PURE COMPETITION
Like a real race driver in practice and qualifying sessions, you
compete against the clock and against the existing lap record
for that track. Revolution records the lap records and the
name of the person who set the record, so you always know
who reigns supreme on your favorite track!
DESIGNED WITH YOU IN MIND
Revolution is menu-driven, and self explanatory. Informa-
tion screens tell you what you need to know. When you're
ready to play, a menu of the names of all your tracks is
displayed, along with the lap record for each track and the
name of the person who set that lap record. You select a track
with a single keystroke, and Revolution takes you there.
A NEW CONCEPT
Revolution is a unique game, because it allows you to create
the most important part of any race game: the track itself.
The first time you run Revolution, you will be able to choose
from several tracks and cars which are included with the
game.
But, with Revolution, this is only the beginning! You can
create as many tracks as you like. You can make each new
track as difficult or as easy as you wish. You can make easy
ones to begin with, and tougher ones as you become more
skilled. You may find creating tracks to be almost as much
fun as driving on them!
You can save your favorite tracks to run on again whenever
you wish. Revolution will automatically add these new tracks
to the menu. And you can exchange your favorite tracks with
other Revolution owners.
Be caref ul, though, about letting your f riends play this game.
They may not want to let you have your computer back!
THE EARLY REVOLUTION
A prototype version of Revolution was published in the
September, 1982 issue of Rainbow magazine, under the
name The Track. The response to The Track has been terrific.
Revolution has all the features that have made The Track a
favorite, and Revolution's fast, high-resolution machine
language graphics are dramatically improved over the
prototype's.
REVOLUTION NOW!
The original Revolution for the TRS-80™ Color Computer
requires 32K and one disk drive. A new cassette version has
action just like the disk version, and similar track-saving
features excluding a menu of available tracks. The cassette
version will run on a 32KColor Computer or TDP-100. You
can upgrade to the disk version later, too, for a nominal fee.
REVOLUTION
For32K Disk ...... $24.95
For 32K Cassette ... $21.95
Requires Joysticks
& Extended BASIC
Connecticut residents add lYitfu sales tax.
is a trademark of Tandy Corporation.
VISA*
Inter <y> eviction
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
113 Ward Street • Dept. R • New Haven, CT 06519 • (203) 562-5748
RUNs looked like this:
HOW MANY RANDOM NUMBERS? 1000
POSSIBLE VALUE NUMBER OF TIMES
1 758
2 242
TO DO AGAIN, PRESS ANY KEY
H.H. asked for a sample of 1000 RND(RND(2))
numbers. He expected to get about the name number of ones
and twos. Instead, he got about three times as many ones as
twos.
Undaunted (and curious), he wrote a new program to
gether information about RND( RND(3 ) ), RND(RND(4)),
and so on. Here is his program:
Now, H.H presses the ENTER key. He waits patiently for
the computer to do the work, and soon sees:
FOR RND(RND(N)), WHAT IS N? 2
HOW MANY NUMBERS? 1000
POSSIBLE VALUE NUM BER OF TIMES
1 743
2 257
TO DO AGAIN, PRESS ANY KEY
Seems okay, so H.H. presses the space bar and asks for
another sample, this time for N=3.
1 00 REM**RND ( RND ( N ) ) NUMBERS
200 REM** DIALOG WITH A PERSON
210 CLS
220 INPUT "FOR RND (RND (N) > , WHAT
IS N 11 5 N
230 INPUT "HOW MANY NUMBERS" ; S
300 REM**START COUNTS AT ZERO
310 FOR K=l TO N
320 : C(K) =0
330 NEXT K
400 REM**COUNT RANDOM NUMBERS
410 FOR K=l TO S
420 : X = RND (RND (N) )
430 : C(X) = C(X) + 1
440 NEXT K
500 REM**PRINT RESULTS
510 PRINT
520 PRINT "POSSIBLE VALUE", "NUM
BER OF TIMES"
530 FOR X=l TO N
540 : PRINT X, C(X)
550 NEXT X
600 REM**TELL HOW TO DO AGAIN
610 PRINT
620 PRINT "TO DO AGAIN, PRESS AN
Y KEY" ;
630 IF INKEY* = " " THEN 630
ELSE 210
Curious, H.H. typed RUN.
FOR RND(RUN(N)), WHAT IS N? 2
HOW MANY NUMBERS? 1000
He hasn't pressed ENTER yet.
To check out his program, H.H. first asks for a bunch of
R N D(R ND(2)) numbers. So he enters 2 as the value of N. In
response to the computer's query about how many numbers,
he asks for 1000 numbers.
FOR RND(RND(N)), WHAT IS N? 3
HOW MANY NUMBERS? 1000
POSSIBLE VALUE NUMBER OF TIMES
1 607
2 284
3 109
TO DO AGAIN, PRESS ANY KEY
H.H. then tried values of 4 and 5 for N. "Hmmm," thinks
H. H., "I'm beginning to seea pattern here. "So hetried6and
7.
"Aha! Eureka! 1 think IVe got it!" exclaimed Hierony-
mus. "But why?" So, again, he called on his friend Annalee
Analyticus to explain the why of the what his experimental
investigations suggested to him.
Based on H.H.'s evidence, and more evidence that you
obtain by running H.H.'s program, answer these questions:
• For RND(RND(2)), what is the probability of getting 1?
2^
• For RND(RND(3)), what is the probability of getting
19 t> V
• For RND(RND(4)X what is the probability of getting
1? ,2? ,3? ,4? .
• And so on. Mathophiles please generalize to
RN D( RN D(N) where N is a positive integer. You will
love the pattern.
Coming Attractions
Surely, but slowly, we will explore the following things:
•The Elusive RND
•GameMaster's Dice
• Looking up stuff in files. First, files of information in
DATA statements and arrays. Next, cassette files. Even-
tually, disk files.
• Whatever else comes to mind or is suggested by you.
What do you want? If it fits into the general idea of
"GameMaster's Apprentice," we might do it. Send your
suggestions, complaints, kudos, requests, whatever ... to
George & Bob, P.O. Box 310, Menlo Park, CA 94205.
230 the RAINBOW April, 1983
TRS-80C and TDP lOO® SPECIALISTS
COLORFORTH®
IS THERE LIFE AFTER BASIC? Yes! with COLORFORTH, a new, high level language for the color computer.
COLORFORTH, a figFORTH compiler, has an execution time as much as lO to 20 times faster than Basic,
and can be programmed faster than Basic. COLORFORTH is highly modular for easy testing and debug-
ging. COLORFORTH has been specially customized for the color computer and requires only 16K. It does
not require Extended Basic. When you purchase COLORFORTH.you receive both cassette and RS/DISK
versions, the figEDITOR and an extensive instruction manual, Both versions and 75 page manual, all for
PI I ^/ s f , * * * * * ■ + * *■ + fi * 4 * 4 ■ * ■ » * >K i I + 4 « | , 4- f >, f 4 f » 4 > I 4 4 p 4 « » ^ • ^)
PCFORTH
FORTH for the IBM PC®and Zenith Z-lOO® All the features of COLORFORTH, but customized for the IBM
and Zenith Z-lOO personal computers. Requires 32K and MS/DOS or IBM/PCDOS. On 5-1/4" SSDD
diskette. Complete with 75 page manual, just $ 59.95
^ * MASTER MIXOLOGIST®
^4 The Bartenders' Guide
This disk based program for the color computer contains recipes for over 150 of your favorite bar drinks-
both alcoholic and non-alcoholic. MASTER MIXOLOGIST is menu driven for ease of use. Requires 16K
and one RS/DOS drive. Get this one today, it will be great for your next party $ 19.95
ARMADILLO BUG®
MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR
More and more programs are appearing in magazines written in Machine Language. Now with AR-
MADILLO BUG, you can easily enter Machine Language programs without a lot of time consuming
"pokes". ARMADILLO BUG is an excellent system for beginners to learn to write and debug their own
Machine Language programs as well. This package includes: Memory examine and change; Move;
Punch and Load; Fill commands; and more! Runs in 16K, and DOES NOT require Extended Basic, Com-
plete on cassette with printed manual. Just P $ 14.95
COLOR BIORHYTHMS
This is a neat BIORHYTHMS program you can use to chart the future (or past). Includes High Resolution
graphics without Extended Basic being required. Runsinl6K. On cassette, with instructions , . .$10.95
OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST
"STARTING FORTH", a book by Leo Brodie. The best introductory Forth text available. 384 pages.
Soft cover $ 16.00
figFORTH Installation Manual. Contains FORTH model, glossary, memory map, and
instructions ■ $ 15.00
figFORTH 6809 Source Listing. (NOTE: THIS IS NOT IDENTICAL TO COLORFORTH SOURCE). Requires in-
stallation manual for implementation , $15.00
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DEALER and AUTHOR INQUIRES INVITED
Please add $ 2.00 shipping in U.S. Texas residents add 5 %
Foreign orders must be in U.S. funds drawn on U.S. banks, or Mastercard and VISA
VISA
ARMADILLO INTL SOFTWARE
P.O. BOX 7661
AUSTINJEXAS 78712 PHONE (512)835-1088
Software Review . . .
Whether Androids or Robots
This One's A Fun Challenge
Android Attack (formerly Robot Battle) is a machine
language, high resolution, arcade-type game from Spectral
Associates. It pits you against a varying number of relent-
less, but at times not-too-bright killer androids, and ... if
you're fortunate enough to have 32K, the game will talk to
you. I'm sure you're familiar with the genre. The player, in a
protective suit, wanders from one set of rooms to another
trying to destroy androids and gather treasure before the
androids can destroy him. While doing this the player must
avoid the electrified walls.
The game comes in two versions on a cassette, a 16K
version and a 32K talking version. The 'talking' feature is a
nice touch. The verbalizations are, as you would expect,
mechanical in nature, but understandable. The mechanical
aspect of the phrasing fits in nicely with the game's concept
of man against machine. Both versions loaded easily into my
32K CoCo. The instructions state that the game will run on
the CoCo, TDP, and Dragon Data. It requires 16K and
joysticks. Extended Basic is not required.
The instructions set up an appropriate scenario and are
clearly written. The game has 1 6 levels (0-15), and as the skill
level increases, the androids pursuit, firing speed and accu-
racy increase accordingly. The names and scores of the top
ten players for each load are displayed between each game.
Spectral was also nice enough to include instructions for
saving the game to disk.
As to the details of the game itself, you begin each game
with four units of protection. You gain an additional unit of
protection for each 10,000 points earned, up to a maximum
of ten units. Each room is made up of a random series of
walls with randomly placed exits, and a varying number of
robots, all intent on shooting you.
Three sets of information are presented at the bottom of
the screen: your accumulated score, a somewhat hard to
understand bar of changing colors that show your remain-
ing units of suit protection, and a timer that counts down to
zero. The counter is reset for each room and if you have not
exited the room before it reaches zero, you are automatically
destroyed. Each time you exit a room it scrolls off the screen
and a new and different one takes its place.
Player control is via the right joystick and is clearly
explained in the instructions. You can direct fire and move-
ment in eight different directions, and you also have the
ability to jump and duck to avoid the androids fire. I found
this added to the challenge of the game once you had mas-
tered the steps involved. Each android you destroy turns
into a mine that must be avoided. These mines, after a period
of time, turn into ghost androids with the capabilities of
pursuing you through the walls.
You get 50 points for each android you destroy, 100
points for each ghost android destroyed and 100 points for
picking up the crown in each room. There is also a bonus
feature. Once you clear a room of all androids and the
crown, and have exited the room, you get a bonus of the time
left on the countdown timer added to your score. After
earning bonus points, the difficulty level of the ensuing
rooms will increase and the androids will become smarter
and faster. Your protective suit loses a unit of protection
each time you come into contact with a wall, mine or
android. You also lose a unit if you are hit by android fire.
I found the game quite enjoyable and challenging.
Twelve-year-old Mike and seven-year-old Jamie, two vete-
ran gamers, really got into this one. The graphics and anima-
tion are clear and smooth. The talking feature, while a little
hard to understand at times, is adequate and adds to the
enjoyment of the game. My only criticism is of the bar that
shows how many units of protection you have left. While
you can figure it out, it's hard to just glance at during the
course of playing and get much information of a specific
nature. Every other aspect of the game is top notch, and if
you enjoy a game that will challenge your hand-eye coordi-
nation as well as require a little strategy to maximize your
bonus scores then give Android Attack a try.
(Spectral Associates, 141 Harvard Ave., Tacoma, WA
98466, $21.95 )
—Randall A. Smith
ARE YOUR WALKING FINGERS GETTING FOOTSORE ?
Tired of typing in those long, but wonderful, programs from each issue of the RAINBOW? Now, you can get RAINBOW ON TAPE and give
those tired fingers a rest. With RAINBOW ON TAPE, you'll be able to spend your time enjoying programs instead of just typing ... typing ... typing
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RAINBOW ON TAPE is available as a single issue for $6.50 or on a yearly subscription basis for only $60. It is the perfect complement f orthe
RAINBOW itself.
VISA, MasterCard and American Express accepted. All subscriptions begin with the current issue and back issues are available
beginning with April, 1982. Subscriptions are sent first class mail to coincide with the arrival of your current issue of the RAINBOW.
Now . . .
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Offers The Best Tape Service
Think of it! Not 10 or a dozen— but between 20 and 30— programs every month trom
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you don't have to type them in. Just CLOAD and RUN!
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HANDY ORDER CARD BETWEEN PAGES 34 and 35
232 the RAINBOW April, 1983
THE TBS 80 USERS JOURNAL
If you own a TRS-80® Model I, Model II,
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The 80-U.S. Journal has
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Every issue contains several Basic or machine
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and...
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GRAPH GRAPHICS
[ ™ 1
1 RAINBOW 1
-/»• -\
Curvfitz Is Number Cruncher
Of The First Order
By Mark Laessig
All of us Color Computer owners are hungry for new uses
for our machines. The following article will show you how to
do some useful and educational "number-crunching," for a
little change from games and graphics. What I '11 show you is
called curve-fitting, which is a process where a computer can
solve for a mathematical relationship that fits some mea-
sured data from an experiment with maximum possible
accuracy.
Sound confusing? Let me give you a simple example dear
to the hearts of us programmers. Let's say you've just written
a new alphabetical sorting program for your Color Compu-
ter. How would you estimate how many names it would sort
in a day's execution? Well, you could burn a whole lot of
electricity, or you could do it much more easily. Instead you
could time how long it takes to sort some name lists of
convenient lengths, as in the make-believe data table below:
Names sorted
20
50
100
150
200
Time-seconds
2
6
13
22
31
and then RUN. You have to PCLEAR4 first due to the DIM
statements on lines 200-230. You're first asked for the
number of data point pairs, which in our case is five. You're
then asked for the order fit you want. Let's try a straight line
for now, so type one. Notice that you have to have more data
points than the order fit you want, but this usually isn't a
problem. You're next asked to input your data, with the X
and Y prompts having the same meaning as in the relation I
gave earlier. Since we'd like to eventually solve for names
sorted, let's have execution time be X and names sorted be
Y. If you make a mistake in inputting your data, you can
Now from this data we should be able to make a predic-
tion if we could use these numbers to make up some easily-
calculated expression. The program I've given you at the end
of this article, called Curvfitz, does just that. When you
input your experimental data, like the five pairs of numbers
above, Curvfitz will solve for the numbers c(0), c(l), and so
on for the relation:
Y=c(0)+c(l)*X+c(2)*X2+c(3)*X3-f...
where" Y"can bethe number of names sorted and the "X" is
the program's execution time in seconds. What do the trail-
ing periods at the end of the equation mean? Well, you can
solve for as many numbers c(0), c(l), and so on — called
coefficients — as you like. For instance, if you only solve for
the first two, you're trying to "fit" your data with a minimum
of error to the relation
Y=c(0)+c(I)*X
which is the equation for a straight line. This is called a
"first-order" curve fit. Had we decided to solve for three
coefficients, this would be a second-order fit, and so on.
Now, many things in nature are governed by "straight-line"
relations, like the money you make compared to the hours
you work, for instance. But many are more subtle than that,
requiring the "higher-order"f its to match the data better. To
see how good a match to your data a certain fit is, Curvfitz
will both compare the fit to the data you input numerically,
and will also plot a graph of both of them for you using
PMODE4 graphics.
This will be clearer after we use Curvfitz to solve our
sorting programexample. Key in Curvfitz, type PCLEAR4,
cycle through it again and simply change values. When
you're ready, type "N" in response to the prompt for
rechecking data and Curvitz will "crunch" for a bit and print
out your coefficients. If you did everything right, you should
get c(0)= 1 2.784 and c( 1 )=6. 1 63 .
Once you've copied these numbers down someplace, hit
enter and Curvfitz will show you how good a first-order
straight line fit is by outputting a table of measured X and Y
values along with the Y values the fit would predict at that
point. For 13 seconds execution, the fit predicts 92.9 names
sorted instead of 100, which might be accurate enough for
you. At this point, Curvfitz will also plot on the screen the
fitting curve and the measured data. The plot is automati-
cally scaled to fit on the screen with the low X and Y values
in the lower left-hand corner. In this way you can see graphi-
cally whether or not your fit is a good one.
So how many names would be sorted in a day? Since a day
is 86,400 seconds, then
Names sorted = 12.784+6. 163*(86400) = 532,500 names,
or the size of a medium phone book!
What about a second-order fit? Well, when you try it
you'll find that it'll match the data better within the range of
measurements you've taken, but outside that range things
might be less accurate than before. Every time you increase
the order of the fit, you're allowing more "wiggles" to appear
in your fitting curve, which may have bad consequences. A
second-order fit on our sorting problem, for instance, tries
234 the RAINBOW April, 1983
to fit a parabola your data instead of a straight line, and you
get a negative number for the number of names sorted in an
hour!
I hope you've found this little bit of number-crunching
interesting. Curve-fitting to experimental data is an easy
chore for any budding scientist when armed with his Color
Computer. Good luck and have fun!
The listing:
35 0
750
950
END
039E
06A8
08A8
0B2D
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
PROGRAM=CURVF I TZ
MARK LAESSIG
2503 KINGSTON RD.
CLEVELAND HTS. OH 44118
PRODUCES COEFFICIENTS FOR
A BEST FIT TO EXPERIMENTAL
DATA POINTS. INCLUDES A
' DISPLAY OF THE RESULTS.
9 REQUIRES EXTENDED BASIC
PR I NT "TYPE <PCLEAR 4> BEFORE
RUNNING. ": PR I NT 1 ' HAVE YOU DONE S
0<Y,N> M 5 : INPUT Z%
150 IF Z»<>"Y" THEN STOP
160 PR I NT" HOW MANY DATA POINT PA
IRS M ; : INPUT N
170 PR I NT "WHAT ORDER FIT — "
180 PRINT" (LESS THAN NO. OF POI
NT PAIRS) M 5 : INPUT M
190 IF N<=M THEN 170
200 DIM X (N) , Y (N)
210 Ml=M+l:M2=M+2
220 DIM S<2*M> ,S2(M1)
230 DIM C(M1,M2)
240 PRINT: PRINT " IF VALUE IS OK,
PRESS ENTER"
250 PR I NT 1 ' OTHERWISE, INPUT VALUE
ii
260 PRINT" ALL VALUES INITIALLY
ZERO. "
270 PRINT: PRINT" PAIR NO.": PRINT
"♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦"
280 FOR 1=1 TO N
290 PRINT I5 M ==> x:";X(i)5:
INPUT XX
300 PRINT" y: "; Yd) 5 :
INPUT YY
310 IF XXO0 THEN X(I)«XX
320 IF YYO0 THEN Y ( I ) «YY
BEAR
ONES
CASSETTE SOFTWARE
(16-K NON-EXTENDED BASIC UNLESS NOTED BY* )
SPECTRAL ASSOCIATES:
GHOST GOBBLER ...... NOW s 19.95
PLANET INVASION s 21.95
GALAX ATTAXX s 21.95
SPACE WAR s 21.95
DEFENSE s 21.95
SPACE RACE s 21.95
ANDROID ATTACK s 21.95
KEYS OF THE WIZARD s 19.95
SPACE INVADERS M4.95
CCTHELLO M4.95
COLOR ZAP s 9.95
MED SYSTEMS:
MONKEY KONG s 24.95
PHANTOM SLAYER s 19.95
INVADER'S REVENGE M9.95
TUTOR TAPES:
VOWEL FUN-1st GRADE M4.95
MATH CHALLENGE-2nd GRADE . M4.95
WORD MATCH-2nd GRADE . M4.95
'SPECIAL— MOTOROLA ASSEMBLY
PROGRAMMING CARD
FOR 6809E 5 1.95
COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE f
NEW RELEASES
SOOPER PAC
$21 .95
BEAR
BONES
EXCITING - PROGRAMMABLE
SELECT 3 SCREENS, SPEED &
COLOR CHANGES. BONUS
SHAPES, FANTASTIC ACTION
• 30 SKILL LEVELS.
WWIDI V RIDn Dl IN COMMAND YOUR chopper and
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SPECTRAL
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SPECTRAL
$21,95
MS. GOBBLER*
$21 .95 SPECTRAL
1 OR 2 PLAYERS - MEDIEVAL
COMBAT INCLUDES FLYING YOUR
OSTRICH BETWEEN FLOATING
ISLANDS.
4 SCREENS, INVISO-MAZE AND
MOVING BONUS FRUIT. 1 OR 2
PLAYERS.
« T ^ n . - A nn^\»iO MANUEVER YOUR SPEEDING CAR
STORM AKKU WO THROUGH THE CITY STREETS &
ALLEYS WHILE AVOIDING STORM
ARROWS & THE DREADED IMPERIAL
CRUISER.
$21 .95 SPECTRAL
SPACE SENTRY
$14.95 SPECTRAL
ALPHA SEARCH
$1 0.95
SPECTRAL
YOUR MISSION AS THE SENTRY IS TO
DEFEND YOUR PATROL SECTOR
FROM INCOMING INVADERS.
30-TYPE WITH RADAR SEARCH
PANELS.
EDUCATIONAL - A CHALLENGING
RACE TO GATHER THE ALPHABET
WITH SPACE SHIPS & ELEVATORS.
EARLY ELEMENTARY GRADES.
MAIL TO: BEAR BONES SOFTWARE, INC.
G-31 17 CORUNNA RD_, SUITE 108
FLINT, MICHIGAN 48504
Enclose Check or Money Order, Allow
Two Weeks for Check to Clear.
Money Orders Shipped Immediately.
BEAR
ONES
ORDER FORM
QTY.
PRICE
GHOST GOBBLER
PLANET INVASION
GALAX ATTAXX
SPACE WAR
DEFENSE
SPACE RACE
ANDROID ATTACK
KEYS OF THE WIZARD
SPACE INVADERS
CCTHELLO
COLOR ZAP
MONKEY KONG
PHANTOM SLAYER
INVADERS REVENGE
SOOPER PAC
WHIRLY BIRD RUN
LANCER
MS. GOBBLER *32K
STORM ARROWS
SPACE SENTRY
ALPHA SEARCH
VOWEL FUN
MATH CHALLENGE
WORD MATCH
MOTOROLA PROG. CARD
ORDER TOTAL: $
MICH. RES. ADD 4% TAX:
TOTAL ENCLOSED
}
SHIP TO:
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
ZIP
April, 1983 the RAINBOW 235
Genesis Software
presents
Color Computer Programs
+ Secret Of The Crypt W
The BIG adventure continues. The sequel
to the popular "Enchanted Forest" is here!
You'll move in more than 50 hi-res, 3-D
graphic scenes searching for clues in an
attempt to enter the crypt. But beware, the
trail to the crypt is beset with puzzlements.
In fact, the crypt's secret will remain a
mystery to all but the most adventuresome.
Requires 32K extended basic.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $21.95
itBigfoot
Hunt Big foot in a hidden maze of caverns
and twisting tunnels that are displayed in
hi-res graphics as you move. Seek out the
lair of Big foot while avoiding perils along
the way. Features multiple levels and many
options of play. Each hunt takes place in a
new, randomly generated maze. Challeng-
ing and fun. Requires 32K extended basic.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $21.95
it The Enchanted Forest
The BIG adventure in hi-res graphics.
Move through more than 50 scenes on a
quest to rescue the captive princess. Deci-
sions are made according to visual clues,
not text. There are many inhabitants in the
Enchanted Forest — some are friendly,
some are not. This is a sophisticated com-
puter adventure — a real challenge. A
must for your adventure library. Requires
32K extended basic.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $21.95
(The Enchanted Forest was reviewed in the Dec. 1982
issue of Rainbow).
* The Game Show
Now a lively party game where two teams
compete against the clock to name several
items in a category. Includes 60 rounds
with color graphics and sound. Machine
language routine for fast response. Re-
quires 16K extended basic and joysticks.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $19.95
(The Came Show was reviewed in the Jan. 1983 issue
of Rainbow).
Genesis Software
P.O. Box 936, Manchester, Mo. 63011
Personal checks welcome - no delay.
Missouri residents add 5.625 percent sales tax.
330 IF 1 = 1 AND Q*<>"N" THEN XL=X
x : xh=x x : yl=yy : yh=yy
340 IF XdXXL THEN XL=X < I )
350 IF XH<X(I) THEN XH=X < I )
360 IF YdXYL THEN YL=Y < I )
370 IF YH<Y(I) THEN YH=Y < I )
380 NEXT I
390 PR I NT " RECHECK DATA< Y, N>" ; : IN
PUT Q*
400 IF Q*<>"N" THEN 280
410 '
420 PRINT: PRINT" . . WORKING. .": PR
INT
430 'SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS
440 'EQUATIONS TO GET BEST FIT
450 '
460 FOR 1=0 TO 2*M
470 FOR J=l TO N
480 FC=ABS<X<J)^I)
490 IF(I/2-INT(I/2) > >.01 THEN 53
0
500 IF I>0 THEN S(I)=S(I)+FC
510 IF K=M THEN S2 < I +1 ) =S2 < 1+1 )
+FC*Y < J )
520 GOTO 550
530 IF I>0 THEN S < I ) =S < I ) +SGN < X <
J ) ) *FC
540 IF K=M THEN S2 < I +1 ) =S2 < 1+1 )
+SGN(X <J> >*FC*Y< J)
550 NEXT J, I
560 9
570 'SOLUTION BY GUASSIAN
580 'ELIMINATION
590 '
600 C < 1 , 1 ) =N
610 FOR A=l TO Ml
620 FOR B=l TO Ml
630 IF A=l AND B=l THEN 650
640 C<A,B)=S<A+B-2)
650 NEXT B
660 C(A,M2)=S2(A)
670 NEXT A
680 FOR 1=1 TO Ml
690 FOR J=M2 TO I STEP -1
700 C ( I , J ) =C < I , J ) /C ( I , I )
710 NEXT J
720 FOR K=M2 TO I STEP -1
730 IF 1=1 THEN 780
740 FOR L=l TO 1-1
750 C<L,K)=C<L,K)-C<L, I)*C<I,K)
760 NEXT L
770 IF I=M1 THEN 810
780 FOR L=I + 1 TO Ml
790 CCL,K)=C<L,K)-C<L, I)#C<I,K)
800 NEXT L
810 NEXT K
820 NEXT I
830 print:print m coeficients: "
840 PRI NT 11
850 FOR 1=1 TO Ml
236 the RAINBOW April, 1983
11
THE ALTERNATIVE
COLOR COMPUTER
DISK SYSTEMS
it
30 TRACK
DRIVE
200 K BYTES
USER STORAGE
8SS 549 s5 "„r 000 K BYTES
ROM SOFTWARE
A Full Featured
Basic compatible DOS
USER STORAGE
INCLUDES: TG-99 Disk Controller W/CCMD 9 DOS
ROM * 40 Or 80 Track Disk Drive ■ Power Supply -
Case • 2 Drive Cable • 9 Disk utility Programs
* CCEDT9 Disk Text Editor • Disk Text Processor i
Manufactured Under License From Tail Crass Technologies
Editor /Assembler CO-RES9
}
CO-RES9 is a Co-resident Editor/ Assembler that
will allow you to create, edit and assembly
machine language programs for the Q0W c^|%.
puter. it will quickly ^cl/effidentlV conv|rV
assembly language^ra^ cofte
files* ttwiii output itotfafte ©l#i£twae to either
c^sseitilape irf#ttM6M' compatible format m
■;HM^ to memory for direct «x^c^tiGn: imytt
C0-RES9 editor /assembler%p#^ UN"
w/*na#*uai $S- :$3&:95: $29,95
tSiet#iDltOR & ASSEMBLER Disk
w/ manual $a9.95
3
W
l*-$liar#teter Fift
• Programmable Footer
»• Right Justify Line
• Multiple Footnotes
• Three indent Mpfe
*,Tt*re#^i^ramroaNie Headers'
%e|i a mm^ife ta & stojis
• W 3f$m Mstif i cation
5 Lett s Right
• Decimal Align, Center, Left &
Right Justify on Tab Column
• Display & input from Keyboard
• Change Formatting During
Processing
TEXT EDITOR FEATURffj.
Single Keystroke Eefit
Command
Append fifes firt>m T&pe otftMsk
Firiiy irtte#$te«J afetf H*
Edit or Process Files Larger
Than Memory
(Mo conversion Required! Fully
ASC ii Compatible
Full Featured Line oriented
Screen Editor
Search and Replace Any
Character Pattern
Copy, Move or Delete Lines
or Blocks of Text
Edit Basic, Text or Assembler
Files
TEXT PRO ll Features Over 70 Commands in All. Disk ... $79.95
DATA PACK
TERMINAL PACKAGE
Full Text Buffering
Terminal Baud Rates 300 To 9600 Baud
Automatic word wrap Eliminates Split words
Full/Half Duplex
Automatic File Capture
Programmable Word Length, Parity & Stop Bits
Automatic Buffer Size At Memory Limit
Save & Load Text Buffer To Tape Or Disk
Send Files Directly From Buffer Or Disk
Full Disk Support For Disk version
Printer Baud Rates 110-4800
Send Control Codes From Keyboard
ASCII Compatible File Format rainbow
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89110
• Display On Screen Or Output contents Of Buffer
To Printer
we also have a disk version available called "DlSKPACK."
it includes all the commands mentioned plus com-
mands for