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20 Products Reviewed Inside

The RAINBOW
5803 Timber Ridge Drive
P O. Box 209
Prospect, KY 40059

ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
FORWARDING & RETURN
POSTAGE GUARANTEED

> Mai led 8/31 /BB<
04523 7/83
Charles Zirnmer
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Buik Rate
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PAID
Prospect, KY
Permit No. 18

'.r&iAtsifre -9 mope*

NANOC

YSTEMS CORP

Nanos Systems Corp.
REFERENCE CARDS

COLOR DASJC
AND EXTENDED

SYSTEM REFERENCE CARD

TRS-80-
BASIC AND
ASSEMBLER

LEVEL II SYSTEM REFERENCE CARD

TRS-80-
BASIC

LEVEL II SYSTEM DEFERENCE CARD

TR5-8-T
BASIC AND
ASSEMBLER

MODEL li SYSTEM REFERENCE CARD

TRS-MT
BASIC AND
ASSEMBLER

LEVEL II SYSTEM REFERENCE CARD

0 i>ri,Wm< jL a f AIM- miMQi

TRS-SO-
BASIC

LEVEL II SYSTEM REFERENCE CARD Q]

MOPE!- Ill >HW ■ > H| ti l . ,| N. i . h f ».-*

> IJ

Ml |iM iiilJii

M T If

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itiui iiiHt mm mm

II LJ II ii

111*1111 I* !■■

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iu m in 1 4i m -49 m

Bfi SE EE '.'

ill il* ur lb L| ill Hi IN

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13 :li !

RAINBOW

' CERTIFICATION
SEAL

*TRS-4Q is a O&rjlQierud Trademark ol Tindy Corp.
Cdmpuior picture repriced pevmtaeion. Tandy Carp. APPLE to t registered iradomnrk of Apple Computing, Inc. ZM Is e registered iredemar* of Z)log ( Inc.

Each card Is a corViplels summon (he rofercjico manuals and Ihw mlcrqcompotrrl. Cefds are iwo or mora colors* primed on BO pound Beckett Ami que" cow
■lock or a comptrabtu slock. «treict> wrapped In plastic lor snipping, They are accordion laidup cerds, in the same style el th« imdHlonel IBM lerwcncs c'eids
uftod on tins major computer* <or years Fold-op cue is eight and one-hall by three and mree-quarter taction. &o ihey will III easily inio Ihe ihirt pocket These cnrds
provide i complete summary ol the manuals plus many OKlrai el your fingertip*.

Please send me:

Card

Price

Copies of MODEL 1 BASIC & ASSEMBLER

$4.95

Wholesale prices available

Copies of MODEL 1 BASIC-ONLY

2.95

in quantities over 24.

Copies of MODEL II BASIC & ASSEMBLER

5.95

Copies of MODEL III BASIC & ASSEMBLER

5.95

Send Check or Money Order to:

Copies of MODEL II BASIC-ONLY

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NANOS SYSTEMS CORP.

Copies of COLOR BASIC AND EXTENDED

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BOX 24344

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2.95

SPEEDWAY, IN 46224

Copies of APPLE II & PLUS BASIC

3.95

(317) 244-4078

Copies of APPLE II & II PLUS BASIC & 6502

4.95

Copies of Z80

4.95

NAME:

ADDRESS

CITY

STATE.

ZIP.

Indiana Residents Add 4 Pfirceni irjr Indiana Sales Tax

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 3

Under The Rainbow

AN ELECTRONIC GRADEBOOK Lane Lester

Keep track of grades— and more— with this sophisticated program

NUMBER PICKING p e | Walrath

Here is how to set up a number memorizing game

UNUSUAL GRAPHICS ^%JL- • • Har Pe

GETs and PUTs make some interesting shapes with random patterns

INTERNATIONAL PING PONG -

An 80C version of this classic arcade game from Austria r ^

AUTO KEY REPEAT .....

Tired of pressing keys over and over again?

THREE PRINTER UTILITIES

These useful routines can be run from a menu

FLEX CAN BE FLEXIBLE '• "M^^"

A further examination of this newly-available system

RACE THE TRACK !. \"J.. .ji

Create your own tracks In this game by a race driver

NON-GRAPHIC PRINTER GRAPHICS

ft will make banners, tool ' r& V"' r ' \

DOG-GONE PROGRAM . .|& , . -tfJp*
Who's that doggie in the listing?

HANDY MATH DRILL '^^^i\^jsti\ . . T U%C . «

Practice math all school year long

HERE IS A BAG OF LETTERS . . : . ^%FV^, ..M

A second educational program from Mr. Wells

Wolfgang Hryzak

Charles J. Roslund

Jim Schmidt

Steve Odneal

Al Mine

David Steyer

James Barringer

Geoff Wells

DEPARTMENTS

Assembly Corner 73

Dennis Lewandowski

Back Issue Information 14

Corrections 94

The Dragon's Byte 22

Bill Nolan

Education Notes 35

Steve Blyn

The GameMaster's Apprentice 38

Bob Albrecht

Letters To RAINBOW 4

The Pipeline 56

PRINT #-2, 6

Editor's Notes

Submission Guidelines 94

Your Subscription 21

THE COVER

Rosie Veach heads back to school on
our Education Issue cover— but not
without her Color Computer materials,
too. Photo by Steven Veach. Color
separations by Kelly Color Service.

b u

REVIEWS

Ancient Wisdom 44

Bug Chase 90

Cassette Caddy 49

Color Zap 44

Disk Interface 20

Galax Attax 90

Geography Pack 49

Inventory Control 71

Jungle Trek 43

Math Drill 20

Mathpac I 70

Math Tutor/Spelling Teacher 91

Mission: Empire 88

Preschool Pak 70

Random Basic 36

RAM Slam

Reading Two-Pak , / . . 17

Tiny Compiler 89

TRS-80 Color Basic 90

World History 20

A READER SURVEY IS ON PAGE 105

We Invite you to participate

The RAINBOW is published by FALSOFT, INC., 5803 Timber Ridge Drive, Prospect, KY 40059. Entire contents © by FALSOFT, Inc., 1982. The
RAINBOW and the Rainbow logotypes are ® Trademarks of FALSOFT, Inc. Lawrence C. Falk, Editor; Patricia H. Hirsch, General Manager.

The RAINBOW is intended for the personal use and pleasure of its subscribers and reproduction by any means isforbidden. Use of programs and information herein is for the single
end use of purchasers and any other use is prohibited. All programs herein are distributed on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind whatsoever.
TRS-80, Color Computer and Extended Color Basic are ® trademarks of Tandy Corp.

Subscriptions to the RAINBOW are $16 per year in the United States. Canadian and Mexican rates are U.S. $22. Surface mail to other countries is U.S. $31 , air mail U.S. $49. Limited
back issuesare available for US. $2 for numbers 1-7, U.S. $2.50 for numbers 8 upward. Shipping and handling costs of $3.50 must be added. Payment accepted in cash, check, money
order, VISA or MasterCard in United States currency only. All subscriptions begin with the next available issue.

The RAINBOW is published every month of the year.

Page 4

The RAINBOW

LETTERS

September, 1982

HAPPY BIRTHDAY

Editor:

Congratulations on your RAIN BO first
birthday. Its really a rainbow with a colorful
cover and beautiful programs and articles
inside. I really enjoy the RAINBOW and
look forward to receiving it each month.

Lee Wai Khin
Singapore

KEYBOARD ANYONE?

Editor:

I am a new subscriber and 1 want to
complement you on your magazine. I drool
at the possibilities of the 80C as I read it and
I wish 1 had the money to indulge myself in
software.

There is one piece of hardware for the 80C
which I have not seen advertised anywhere.
However, it seems like a natural. Does
anyone make a sculpted key keyboard for
the 80C7 I think such a device would turn the
80C into a better word processor.

Clarence PeCoy

Denver, CO

VERIFY CHECKBOOKS

Editor:

I am 75 years of age and a rank amateur at
writing Basic programs. I have developed
the program below because I have trouble
verifying the balances in my checkbook.
You are free to use it if it has any value.

10 ' RE-ENTER LINE 30 WITH THE
FOLLOWING DATA:

11 ' OLD BALANCE, -CHECKS,
♦ DEPOSITS, INTEREST CREDITED, -
BANK CHARGES

20 READ C

30 DATA 504.78, -15, -35.36, -127.73, -16
40 N = B+C

50 PRINT "NEW BALANCE IS";N

60 B=N

70 GOTO20

As a tutorial in the use of Basic, I would
highly recommend the publication Basic for
Home Computers by Albrecht, Finkel and
Brown, published by A. G. Wiley & Sons,
Inc.

Richard W. Harter
Leesburg, FL

Editor's Note: Bob Albrecht, our newest
columnist whom you mention, is out with a
new book (reviewed on these pages this
month) specifically for Color Basic.

PRAISE

Editor:

I like your idea of the RAIN BO W Seal of
Certification for advertisers. I have always

been just a little unsure of mail order.

Micro-80 advertises in your magazine and
they certainly deserve a Seal. I have used
Micro-80 C-10 cassettes for some time now
and have never had any trouble with an
order.

Cheryl Whitelaw
North Salt Lake, UT

Editor:

I recently ordered several programs for
my 32K Color Computer from JARB
Software. 1 was pleased with both the fine
program material, which was everythingand
more than was expected from their
advertisment, and by thepromptserviceand
attention that was shown for my current
postal problems.

Because of a delay in the shipment of the
software, JARB sent along a gift and a gift
certificate. I am very pleased with such
honest, prompt and attentive service from a
mail order business.

Dr. Peter DeMauro
May wood, NJ

RELIGIOUS REQUEST

Editor:

I am interested in computer graphics
made for religious use.

I was fortunate enough to make a contact
with Arnold Pouch of Superior Graphic
Software and he very kindly made a 15-
second spot for me that he called God's
Commercial.

If there are any readers who are interested
in making more God's Commercials they
may write me and I will send them a free
computer tape of Mr. Pouch's program, plus
an explanation of what I am trying to do.

Also, if they are interested, I am willing to
make copies of the programs I receive and
make them available free. I may be
contacted at Mary Queen of Heaven
Church, P.O. Box 13, Erlanger, KY 41018.

Rev. Paul Ciangetti
Erlanger, KY

ENVELOPES REVISITED

Editor:

The following program, Even More On
Envelopes, was written to work with an
Okidata 82A printer:

10 FOR X=l TO 30: PRINT #-2," ":
NEXT

20 PRINT#-2, CHR$(29):PRINT #-2,

"Robert E. Foiles"
30 PRINT#-2, "53 Cedar Acres Drive"
40 PRINT#-2,"Lancaster, PA 17602"
50 FOR X = I TO 5:PRINT#-2," ": NEXT
53 PRINT#-2,TAB(45)CHR$(29)"**** F

IRST CLASS MAIL ♦***"

55 FOR X=l TO 9: PRINT #-2," ":NEXT
60 L1NEINPUT "NAME";A$
70 L1NEINPUT "STREET ADDRESS";
B$

80 L1NEINPUT "CITY, STATE";C$

85 L1NEINPUT "ZIP";D$

90 PRINT#-2,CHR$(31):PRINT#-2,
TAB (35)A$: PRINT#-2, TAB (35)B$:
PRINT#-2, TAB(35) C$: P|R I NT#-2,
TAB(35)D$

100 FOR X=l TO 14: PRINT #-2," ":
NEXT

110 PRINT #-2,CHR$(30)

Robert Foiles
Lancaster, PA

CRAMMING IT IN

Editor:

I would like to reference the July issue of
the RAINBOW, I ama 16K Extended Color
Basic user and would like to pass this along
to others that the ADVENTURE game
listing in your magazine was designated for
32K minimum.

Well, after reviewing the program and
calculating the memory size needed, I loaded
it and had about 7K of memory left.

The secret of making it run is to shorten or
leave out the REM statements and then do a
PCLEAR1, which will make the graphics
portion of the memory usable for this
program.

Edward Caslin
Westminster, CO

CLUBS

Editor:

I would like to start an 80C Club in the
Hyde Park section of Chicago.

People can contact me at 5461 S.
Kenwood Ave., Chicago 60615 if they would
like to become involved.

Richard L. Greer
Chicago, IL

Editor:

The Silicon Valley Color Computer Club
meets regularly on the fourth Tuesday of
each month at 7:30 p.m. at GTE-Sylvania
cafeteria, Building #3, 100 Ferguson Drive,
Mountain View, CA. This is on the corner of
the Central Expressway and Whisman.

Those interested can either come to the
meeting or call me for more information at
(408) 749-1947.

Shawn Jipp
Sunnyvale, CA

Editor:

I would like to announce the formation of
a Color Computer User's Group in the

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 5

Rhode Island area.

We are still in the formation stages and
have no meeting place to date, but anyone in
the Rhode Island area interested can contact
me by writing to RITUG, 100 Kerri Lyn
Road, Warwick, 02886.

I have found this magazine to be an oasis
of information in the dry CoCo desert.

Robert J. Sullivan Jr.

Warwick, RI

Editor:

I have formed a Color Computer Club,
"Singing River Color Computer Club," here
on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. We meet the
2nd and 4th Thursdays at 7 p.m. each month
at the Gautier Public Library.

Contact me at 2500 Fairley Road,
Gautier, MS 39553 or call (601) 497-2505
(your nickel, please).

Discussion of inferior brand micros
strictly prohibited.

Jerry P. Lowe Sr.
Gautier, MS

Editor:

Good news. The TACC — Tuscaloosa
Area Computer Club— had its
organizational meeting August 15. We are
interested in meeting with anyone who is
interested in joining.

Those who are interested should contact
me at P.O. Box AK, University, AL 35486.

Ed Rutledge
Tuscaloosa, AL

EDITOR'S NOTE: Did anyone ever
think of calling these groups C 3 's?

WHAT'S THIS?!

Editor:

I got an 80C about two months ago.
Today I was writing a simple program to
make my initials out of letters on the screen
and I typed in CLS(9) instead of CLS(8) by
accident.

Instead of a ?FN ERROR I got a regular
display with MICROSOFT printed in the
upper left-hand corner. This works with all
the numbers I tried. They must have ajoker
designing these microchips.

Sonja Kueppers
Bryn Mawr, PA

EDITOR'S NOTE: No, that is the name
of the company which wrote the Color Basic
and Extended Color Basic ROM. Perhaps
just another way of reminding you who is
responsible for the great commands built
into the 80C?

PRETTY PRINT?

Editor:

I read, with interest, your articles and
letters on "pretty printers," but nowhere do I
find an indication as to what they are and
where one might be obtained. Perhaps I
missed something in an earlier magazine.

Also, you often stress the importance of
copying program listings exactly as they are
printed, and I notice that spaces within the
program lines are mostly left out, but

occasionally used.

Also, I recently bought the Color Pyramid
from the "Shack." Of course, my first
disappointment was with the graphics —
there weren't any. Then, I continually
circulate around the same two or three
rooms without seeming to get anywhere.
Has anyone completed the Pyramid
Adventure? Is there in fact an end?

Norman K. Jones
Newmarket, Ont.

EDITOR'S NOTE: So-called "Pretty-
Printing" is not a utility nor is it a printer. It
is a form of entering programs which some
believe make them easier to read. For
instance, the items between the FOR and
NEXT in a loop are usually indented to
"pretty-print." It is attractive, but wastes
memory.

Which leads us to your second question:
Why spaces sometimes. First of all, since we
set the program listings to 32 characters per
line, if you enter the programs exactly, you
will be able to tell whether you made a typo
simply by seeing if one letter on your screen
lines up with the one above or below it as in
the printed listing. Second, compressing
material does save memory. Those spaces
take up memory, too. Yes, you are right,
there are some commands which require
spaces. But, usually, the spaces are put there
as the programmer wishes, depending on his
or her own style.

Finally, Pyramid Adventure is based on
the "first" Adventure and, yes, there is an
end— or at least— a way to win. One way to
avoid going around in circles is to make a
map. And, too, you need to examine
everything closely. There are two kinds of
Adventures, graphic and "word." This is a
word Adventure. They can be a lot of fun.

HEATING PROBLEMS

Editor:

I saw a letter in your July issue mentioning
a heating problem with the 80C. A few of the
members of our computer club have had
similar problems and it seems to be the SAM
chip which causes it.

In some cases the entire screen turns red
and stays that way until the entire unit cools
off. In all, there seem to be three cures for
this problem:

1 . Install an aluminum heat sink on top of
the SAM chip (a piece of half-by-two inch
aluminum, 3/16 of an inch thick with
hacksaw cuts will do).

2. Lift up the motherboard and resolder
all the connections on the base of the SAM
chip.

3. Cut out two capacitors which are in the
circuit. Their locations can be found in the
Radio Shack service manual.

I opted for the heat sink since SAM chips
are practically impossible to get in our area
of Canada.

Ed Hemrick
Surrey, B.C.

ATTENTION PARENTS

Editor:

Congradulations on a superlative
magazine for the fantastic TRS-80 Color
Computer!

I think your readers ought to be made
aware of our Color Computer Group —
"Parents And Teachers Extrapolating New
Technology,"or, simply, P.A.T.E.N.T. It
has been formed by High-Tech parents,
highly motivated teachers, administrators,
domestic engineers and students.

We will provide a newsletter, swap our
own software, help in the funding of
computer systems and do custom Computer
Aided Instruction programming.

We all donate our time, energy and, often,
our own money to this project because we
feel very strongly that there is an appalling
lack of computer expertise directed into our
school system — nationwide.

Those interested in more information
should send a self-addressed, stamped
envelope to P.A.T.E.N.T, care of the
undersigned, 403 Grand Blvd., Half Moon
Bay, CA 94019.

Jerry Begin
Half Moon Bay, CA

RAINBOW LABELS

Editor:

I recently bought a package of the back
issues and I found two problems with the
first five issues and you might be interested
in how 1 solved them.

The first is the lack of left margins. I
solved that by gluing ^-inch of paper with
cellulose tape. The second problem is the
lack of dates in the first five issues. I solved
that by writing the small program shown
below to be run on an Epson MX-80 printer.
1 duplicated your type as closely as possible
and glued the dates on the upper right-hand
corner. I also glued the volume number on
your strip at the bottom of the banner, as is
done in issue number 6 and following. 1
thought other readers might be interested.

One other thing that bothers me is the
misspelling of so many words, e.g.,
hex/decimal should be hexadecimal; the use
of its instead of it's and vice-versa. I would
be willing to act as proofreader.

Other than that, it is an excellent
magazine. Keep improving it.

10 E$=CHR$(27)
20 Y$="1981"

30 M$(l) = "July": M $(2)=" August
M$(3)="September": M$(4)="October":
M$="November"

40 PRINT#-2,E$"E"

50 FOR 1 = 1 TO 5

60 PRINT#-2,E$ CHR$(14); M$(I)+"
"+Y$

70 PRINT#-2
80 PRINT#-2,
100 NEXT I

120 PRINT#-2, "Vol. I No.";I
130 PRINT#-2
140 PRINT#-2

—Continued on Next Page

Pape 6

The RAINBOW

September 1982

150 NEXT I

Dr. F.J. Lopez- Lopez
Chula Vista, CA

EDITOR'S NOTE: You have a good eye.
Those are the control codes we used when we
were using the MX-80. Of course, we have
also used a Line Printer VII and a Line
Printer VIII.

TAPE AND DESK

Editor:

As a relatively new subscriber to your fine
magazine, I want to tell you how much I
enjoy it and look forward to it each month.
Having tapes was a gem of an idea. I tried it
on a three month basis and feel they're really
worth it. Sign me up for a year.

I think you should have some sort of
contest for the most efficient "table-desk"
setup for the Color Computer, monitor,
printer, future disk expansion and work
arrangement. I am trying to use an
arrangement using file cabinets and a solid
door for a table top. I would appreciate
seeing or having a sketch of other ideas.
Trying to buy (if I could afford it) one is
almost impossible.

My last point is an interchange of good
sources for equipment and software. I, for
one, would rather read of good buys in
RAIN BOW than buy a big (in terms of
number of ads) magazine like Byte. If all of
us (readers of RAIN BOW) would introduce
RAINBOW to sources of good buys we find,
we would have an even better magazine. We
all know advertisers pay the bill to make an
outstanding magazine better.

Austin Smith
Sutter, CA

80CS FUTURE

Editor:

The July issue is beautiful and I hope you
will continue in this way.

I am afraid for the TRS-Color's future
and I would like your opinion. Is it time to
change my hardware? Is there much
software coming for medicine and business?

Dr. Nelson J. Cunha
Joao Monlevade, Brazil

EDITORS NOTE: Things should be
looking up for the 80C in other countries,
soon. The distribution to everywhere except
the United States (even C anada!) was not as
fast as it could have been, but things have
speeded up recently. You should be seeing a
great deal of business software available. As
to medically-oriented software, we have not
seen any yet. But, no, I dont believe it is time
to change your hardware. The80C is still the
most powerful computer you can buy,
dollar-for-dollar, in any country.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR are
always welcome. Please keep them short if
possible and we will try to answer some of
the questions in this column. Others may
be left open for solutions by other users. In
order to make space for as many letters as
possible, we reserve the right to edit
submissions.

Letters can be sent to the RAIN BO W,
P.O. Box 209, Prospect, KY 40059.

Editor's Notes...

PRINT #-2,

I received a letter from a fellow the other day who said that he was interested in
the possibility of our handling classified advertising and, if we did, he would like
to sell some "used" software. I attribute no ulterior motives to this particular
request, but it did get me to thinking about software and what people do with it.

I paid a visit to a local computer store, which is primarily an Apple dealer and
spent some time "shopping" the Apple software to see whether my inclination was
right about the price of that software.

It certainly was. Generally speaking, after paying many times the price for a
complete Apple system as you do for an 80C, you also would end up paying
something like a third more for any piece of software. Reason? Fairly simply, it is
software pirating.

Now, I do not propose to get into a lengthy diatribe about how copying
software is illegal. I think everyone who owns a computer knows this. What I
would like to spend a little time with you about is expressing my opinion why,
aside from the illegalities, it is wrong to get involved in any way with pirated
software.

Pirated software costs you money. And, furthermore, it can cost you a great
deal of enjoyment, too. Let's forget about the company which produces that
software for a minute and concentrate on how it affects you, alone.

Suppose I write a program and decide to sell it. How much do I sell it for? As
Henry Ford proved long ago, the more units you can sell, the less you can charge
for each item. If I can sell 100 copies of my program, and I have invested so-and-so
much amount of time, I figure what my time is worth and price my program
accordingly.

But suppose the end result is that 1 sell only 33 programs instead of 100. My
return on my time — and we all know what kind of time it takes to sharpen up a
program to be just the way we want it — is reduced by 66 percent. If I go to sell
another program, the simple thing to do is raise the price to match what I want my
return to be. So, then, my next program costs you more.

I believe that is what has happened, to a large extent, with the Apple software.
An author told me some time ago that he believes there are two programs "out
there" for every one that he sells. The price of his next program will reflect those
percentages. And it is a pity. Simply because it means fewer people will beableto
afford his next offering.

Here is someone who is in this full-time. A professional programmer. How
about the man or woman who only does it part-time? They might just decide not
to write another program at all. And, could the next program be some sort of
super offering that you really wanted? Maybe.

What I am trying to say here is that the issue is not, on the personal level, purely
legality or illegality — it is economics and enjoyment. Your economics and your
enjoyment. No one wants to pay more for a program and the authors don't want
to charge you more, either. They just want to get a fair return.

So, the next time a friend asks if he can "copy" a program, tell him no and tell
him why. Over the long haul, it will be less expensive for him to go out and buy
that program than for him to drive up the price of programs for himself, you and
everyone else. Our software is reasonable right now. Let's work to keep it that
way.

It is my feeling that most people do not understand the impact of making a
"little copy" of a program. But it does make an impact. Yes, it is illegal. Don't
forget that. But, the chances are slim you will be caught. However, you will be
caught by higher prices and lack of programs. That is where it should hit home to
you.

Incidentally, I have heard of some people and firms which pirate software for
resale. If you know of anyone who does, do impart that information to the
original producer. These pirates are cheating you in two ways. First of all, they are
driving up the cost of programs. Second, you may find that fixes and updates for
your own software won't be handled by the firm which actually produced the
software in the first place. And the pirate sure can't help you — it would give away
his "game." It is very important to all of us that we cooperate against people who
would illegally sell — read that as steal, because that is what it is — someone else's
programs.

One of the reasons the Apple programs are more expensive is probably because
there is quite a bit of "protection" built into many — to prevent copies from being
made. That takes programming time, too. And time costs money.

I see prevention of software piracy as an area in which every 80C user can make
a contribution. I hope you will. -Continued on Page 104

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 7

ANTECO SOFTWARE . . .
A NEW DIMENSION FOR
YOUR COLOR COMPUTER!

FUN GAMEST^^^^^

High resolution graphic arcade type games. Challenges and
excitement galore!

LEARNING PROCESS PROGRAMS ...

Improve math skills and sharpen spelling.

ADVENTURE AND SIMULATION GAMES . . .

Hours of challenging entertainment.

APPLICATION PROGRAMS . . .

Software for the home and office. Control budgets, bank balances and
checking accounts. Analyze investments. Write professional letters and
reports.

\^/_ j ... All this and more from ANTECO! Pom! of purchase full color
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The RAINBOW

September, 1982

Page 8

Education. . .

An Electronic Gradebook Can Make '82-'83 Much Easier

By Lane P.

The gradebook is a major nuisance. It steals a lot of the
time that teachers could better use to become better
teachers. I have been developing the following program,
GRADE, for two reasons: To save time and to justify the
purchase of such an expensive toy as a computer.

How can I develop impressive MPP graphics programs
(the RAINBOW 1(9):24 and 1(10): 13) with which to flavor
my biology lectures unless I can unload some of the boring
job of grading tests and maintaining a gradebook? GRADE
provides for test grading with item analysis, storage of
individual scores and totals, and a means of assigning letter
grades.

Although written for 32K with the Radio Shack disk
drive, it would not be difficult to use it with tape because the
gradebook file is loaded completely to memory before it is
used. Meaningful variable names and frequent prompts
should allow you to make other changesforyour own needs.
The following discussion provides an explanation of the
various features of GRADE.

Having cut my programming teeth on FORTRAN I was
impressed with the string-handling ability of BASIC and
GRADE was written as an excercise in string manipulation.
Each student's name, number, total points and individual
scores are contained in an individual string STUDENTS.
Extraneous spaces have been inserted for readability, but
their elimination allows every numbered statement line to
LLIST on a single 132-character compressed-type line.

70 Main Menu

The menu expects lower-case input as a reminder to set
the computer appropriately for student and assignment
names. FILES serves as a flag to determine whether the
gradebook file needs to be loaded into memory by jumping
to the "Load File" subroutine. Note the use of commas to

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UTILITIES FOR EXTENDED BASIC!

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--Automatic sort/Opt. Printer Output ^
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- - Locates all referenced Line #'s after

THEN, ELSE, GOTO, GOSUB

- - Automatic sort /Opt. Printer Output

- - Target Program does not have to be RUN

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More Utilities coming - - Keep watching this space !

Lester, Ph.D.

avoid repeated PRINT commands, and the use of nested
IF/THENs.

130 Grade Tests

Because it is easier to enter numbers than letters during
test grading, I have used letters for test questions and
numbers for the multiple choices. You can rest your left
hand on the top row of keys and quickly enter a student's
answers. I never ask more than 26 questions on a test, so if
you do, you will have to make a few changes, e.g., in
statement 170. The re-grading option is necessary when the
item analysis indicates poor questions which should not be
included in the grading.

STUDENT$(0) is named "Possible" and contains the
maximum points for each score. The answers for each test
paper are entered as a single string, requiring only one
ENTER. The immediate PRINT of right and wrong
answers comes under the heading of "bells and whistles"and
is fun but not very useful.

280 Item A nalysis

Test questions that I really like sometimes fail item
analysis, so this is a useful check on one's question-writing.
The values used seem to be the best indicators according to
the educational community. A shell sort is used to arrange
the students from highest to lowest scores. The printout is, I
hope, self-explanatory.

450 Enter Set of Grades

This subroutine allows the entry of scores for assignments
that cannot be graded by "Grade Tests." Student number
(last four digits of Social Security number) and score are
entered as a single string:

520 Change Existing List

Statements 530-570 provide editing functions for
GRADE.

740 Print Grades

This routine prints two copies of the gradebook. One with
names and numbers for me, and one with numbers only
which can be posted for the students'inspection. If you have
a printer other than an Epson, the control codes will have to
be changed. The following table should help.

Epson MX-80 Control Codes

CHR$(12)=Formfeed
CHR$(13)=Carriage Return
CHR$(14)=Expanded Letters for one line
CHR$(27)=Escape Code +
E"=Emphasized Type
F"=Cancel Emphasized Type

890 Gradescale

My particular style of grading makes this an extremely
useful routine, but you may find it totally without value. I
assign no letter grades during the semester, but simply
accumulate the scores on each test and asssignment. At the
end of the semester, the totally subjective step of converting
numbers to letters (similar to converting apples to oranges)
can no longer be postponed.

Evidently, Vm either a poor teacher, write bad test
questions, the subject is hard, the students are dumb, or
some combination of the four, because I cannot apply a nice,
neat 90-80-70-60 without flunking too many. What I do is
reduce the theoretically-possible number of points until I get
a grade distribution I can live with. "Gradescale" provides

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 9

me with a list of different "100%'s" and the number of
students that would get each letter grade.

As you can see, "Gradescale" is run each time the
gradebook is printed (no RETURN after "Print Grades"). I
then determine an interim grade distribution which I give
the students so that they will know how they are progressing
during the term. Statement 920 takes care of my personal
experience that a 90-80-70-60 scale works OK f or upper level
courses and freshman labs, but that 88-76-64-52 is better for
freshman lectures.

980 Record Grades

As you can see, converting this from disk to tape would
not be difficult, and you could keep each class on a separate
cassette.

1020 Create New Gradebook

The limitations on points are required by the use of strings
to store numbers. There are a number of ways to overcome
this, but it works for me so why bother?

1100 Locate Student

This subroutine is called from several of the other routines
and uses binary search to locate a particular STUDENTS in
the array. CHECK serves as a flag to indicate whether the
student was found.

1160 Sort List

After creating a new gradebook, adding students to the
roll, or running the item analysis, this Shell sort arranges the
gradebook from lowest student number to highest. Why not
sort them alphabetically by name, you ask? The number sort
makes it easier to locate their grades on the posted
gradebook.

1210 Load File

Changes would be necessary here if you use tape.

10 * GRADEbook

20 'Lane P. Lester, Ph.D.

30 'Liberty Baptist College

40 'Lynchburg, VA 24506

50 GOTO 1260 ' (PCLEAR1)

60 CLEAR 17000: DIM STUDENT* (255

) , GRADE* ( 20 ) , ANSWER* ( 30 ) , COUNT ( 3

0): FILE*="NOT IN"

70 'Main Menu

80 CLS: PR I NT "ENTER LETTER OF DE

SIRED FUNCTION"; " g GRADE TESTS

",," e ENTER SET OF GRADES","

c CHANGE EXISTING LIST"

90 PRINT" p PRINT GRADEBOOK","

r RECORD GRADEBOOK AND END","

n CREATE NEW GRADEBOOK": INPUT L
*

100 IF L*="g" THEN L=l ELSE IF L
$="e" THEN L=2 ELSE IF L*="c" TH
EN L=3 ELSE IF L*="p" THEN L=4 E
LSE IF L$=V" THEN L=5 ELSE IF L
$="n" THEN L=6 ELSE GOTO 80
110 IF L<>6 AND FILE*="NOT IN" T
HEN GOSUB 1210

120 ON L GOSUB 140,460,530,750,9
90, 1030: GOTO 80
130 'Grade Tests

140 CLS: PRINT"PRESS '1' FOR FIR
ST GRADING PRESS '0' FOR RE-

GRADING" -Continued on Page 11

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September, 1982

GRADE BOOK (From Page 9)
150 K*=INKEY*: IF K*<"0" OR K*>"
1" THEN 150 ELSE IF K*="0" THEN
170 ELSE GRADES=GRADES+ 1
160 LINE INPUT "ENTER TEST NAME (U
pper & Lower ) " ; GRADE* ( GRADES ) : F
OR 1=0 TO NUM: STUDENT* ( I ) =STUDEN
T*(I)+" " : NEXT

170 TAKING=0: J=GRADES: INPUT "LETT
ER OF LAST QUESTION "; Q*: QUES=ASC
(Q*)-64

180 INPUT "HOW MANY POINTS EACH";
WORTH: LS=LEN (STUDENT* (0) ) : IF K
*="0" THEN PR I NT "ENTER '0' FOR S
KIPPED QUESTIONS": GOTO 200
190 SCORE*=STR*(INT(QUES«WORTH+.
5) ) : L=LEN (SCORE*) -1 : SCORE*=RIG
HT* ( SCORE* , L ) : MID* (STUDENT* (0) ,
LS+l-L,L)=SCORE*

200 PR I NT "ENTER ANSWERS AS A SIN
GLE STRING";: FOR K=l TO QUES: P
RINT CHR*(64+K);: COUNT=0: NEXT
K: PRINT

210 LINE INPUT KEY*: PR I NT "PRESS
<1> TO CONTINUE,": PRINT TAB (6) "
<2> TO RE-ENTER"

220 K*=INKEY*: IF K*< " 1 " OR K*>"
2" THEN 220 ELSE IF K*="2" THEN
210

230 SCORE=0: PR I NT "ENTER STUDENT
NUMBER": LINEINPUT "ENTER stop T
0 STOP "; STUDENT*: IF STUDENT**"
stop "THEN 290 ELSE GOSUB 1110
240 IF CHECK=0 THEN 230 ELSE PR I
NT MID*(STUDENT*(I) ,5,20): FOR K
=1 TO QUES: PRINT CHR*(64+K);: N
EXT K: PRINT: TAK I NG=TAK I NG+ 1 : L
I NE INPUT ANSWER*

250 FOR K=l TO QUES: K*=MID* (KEY
*,K,1): IF MID* (ANSWER*, K, 1 ) =K*
OR K*="0" THEN PR I NT "R" ; : SCORE=
SCORE+WORTH ELSE COUNT ( K ) =COUNT (
K)+1:PRINT"W";

260 NEXT K: PRINT: SCORE*=STR* (S
CORE): L=LEN (SCORE*) -1: SCORE*=R
IGHT* (SCORE*, L) : MID* (STUDENT* ( I
) , LS+l-L, L) =SCORE*
270 PR I NT "TOTAL SCORE ="; SCORE:
STUDENT* ( I ) =STUDENT* ( I ) +ANSWER*:

GOTO 230
280 'Item Analysis
290 CLS: PR I NT "SORTING ENTRIES":

D=INT(NUM/2)
300 FOR 1=1 TO NUM— D: N1*=MID*(S
TUDENT* ( I ) , LS- 1,2): N2*=M I D* ( STU
DENT* ( I+D) , LS— 1 , 2) : IFN1*<=N2*
THEN 320

310 C=l: S*-STUDENT* ( I ) : STUDENT
* ( I ) -STUDENT ( I +D ) : STUDENT* ( I+D)
-S*

The RAINBOW Page 11

320 NEXT: IF CO0 THEN C=0: GOTO
300 ELSE IF DOl THEN D=INT((D+
l)/2) : GOTO 300

330 CLS: PR I NT#-2 , CHR* ( 27 ) ; " E " ; "
Item Analysis for "; GRADE* (J)
340 PR I NT#-2 , CHR* ( 27 ) ; " F " ; " QUES

DIFF DISC RESPONSES ";CH

R*(13) ; TAB (20) "1 2 3 4 5

350 IL0W=INT(TAKING*.27+.5) : IHI
GH=INT(TAKING*.73+.5)+l: FOR K=l
TO QUES: COUNT=0: LOW=0: HIGH=0
: A 1=0: A2=0: A3=0: A4=0: A5=0
360 FOR 1=1 TO NUM: IF MID* (STUD
ENT*(I) ,LS-1,2)=" " THEN 400 EL
SE COUNT=COUNT+l: A*=MID* (STUDEN
T*(I) ,LS+K, 1): IF COUNT >ILOW THE
N 380

370 IF A*=MID*(KEY*,K, 1) THEN LO
W=LOW+l:GOTO 390

380 IF COUNT >=IHIGH THEN IF A*=M
ID* (KEY*, K, 1) THEN HIGH=HIGH+1
390 IF A*="l" THEN A1=A1+1 ELSE
IF A*="2" THEN A2=A2+1 ELSE IF A
*="3" THEN A3=A3+1 ELSE IF A*="4
" THEN A4=A4+1 ELSE IF A*="5" TH
EN A5=A5+1

400 NEXT I: HL=HIGH+LOW: IF HL=0
THEN DISC=0 ELSE D I SC= (HIGH-LOW
)/HL

410 PRINT#-2,USING" 7.7. #.## ##
.## ### ### ### ### ###";CHR*(6
4+K) ;COUNT(K) /TAKING; DISC; Al ;A2;
A3;A4;A5: NEXT K

420 PRINT#-2,CHR*(13) ; "Difficult

y range of 0.4-0.7 is OK."

430 PRINT#-2, "Discrimination Ran

ges";CHR*(13) ">0.4 Good"; CHR

*(13) ; "0.2-0.4 Satisf actory";CH

R*(13);"<0.2 Poor "; CHR* (12) ;

440 FOR 1=1 TO NUM: STUDENT* ( I ) =

LEFT* (STUDENT* ( I ) , LS) : NEXT I : GO

SUB 1170: RETURN

450 'Enter Set of Grades

460 CLS: FOR 1=0 TO NUM: STUDENT

*(I)=STUDENT*(I)+" ": NEXT: GRA

DES=GRADES+1: J=GRADES: PR I NT "EN

TER GRADE NAME (Upper & Lower)"

470 LINEINPUT GRADE* ( J ) : PRINT"E

NTER POSSIBLE POINTS": LINEINPUT

SCORE*: L=LEN ( SCORE* ) : MID* (STU
DENT* (0) , 28+J«2-L, L) =SCORE*

480 LINE INPUT "ENTER STUDENT NUMB

ER AND SCORE (NO SPACE); stop T

0 STOP "; STUDENT*: IF STUDENT*="

stop" THEN RETURN

490 IF LEN( STUDENT* X 5 THEN PR IN
T" ENTRY ERROR": SOUND200,2: GOTO
480 ELSE GOSUB 1110

-Continued on Page 12

Page 12 The RAINBOW

GRADEBOOK (From Page 1 1 )

500 IF CHECK=0 THEN 480 ELSE SCO
RE*=M I D* ( STUDENT* , 5 ) : L=LEN ( SCOR
^E*> : MID* (STUDENT* (I) , 28+J *2-L, L
)=SCORE*: SOTO 480

510 IF INKEY*<>"1" THEN 510 ELSE
480

520 'Change Existing List

530 CLS: PR I NT "ENTER LETTER OF D

ESI RED FUNCTION";" g CHANGE GRA

DE"," n CHANGE NAME"

540 PRINT" s CHANGE STUDENT NUM

BER"," d DROP STUDENT"," a ADD

NAMES & NUMBERS"," r RETURN TO

MAIN MENU": INPUT K*
550 IF K*="g" THEN K=l ELSE IF K
*="n" THEN K=2 ELSE IF K*="s" TH
EN K=3 ELSE IF K*="d" THEN K=4 E
LSE IF K*="a" THEN K=5 ELSE IF K
*="r" THEN RETURN ELSE GOTO 530
560 IF K<>5 THEN L I NE I NPUT " ENTER

STUDENT NUMBER " ; STUDENT*: GOSU
B 1110

570 IF CHECK=0 THEN 530 ELSE ON
K GOSUB 590,620,650,680,700: GOT
0 530

580 'Change Grade
590 CLS: PRINT LEFT* (STUDENT* ( I )
,4) ; " ";MID*(STUDENT*(I> ,5,20):
I NPUT "ENTER GRADE NUMBER"; J: PR I

September. 1982
NT GRADE* (J): I NPUT "ENTER GRADE"
; SCORE*

600 L=LEN ( SCORE* ) : S*=" ": MID*
(S*,3-L,L)=SC0RE*: MID* (STUDENT*
(I) ,26+2*J,2)=S*: RETURN
610 'Change Name

620 PR I NT "CURRENT NAME:": PRINT
MID* (STUDENT* (I) ,5,20) : MID*(STU
DENT* ( I ) , 5, 20) =STRING* (20, " ")

630 PR I NT "ENTER CORRECT NAME": L
INEINPUT C*: MID* (STUDENT* ( I ), 5,
LEN ( C* ) ) =C* : RETURN
640 ' Change Number

650 PR I NT "CURRENT ENTRY:": PRINT
LEFT* (STUDENT* (I) ,4) : PRINT"ENT
ER CORRECT NUMBER": LINE I NPUT C*
:MID*(STUDENT*(I) , 1,LEN(C*) ) =C*
660 GOSUB 1170: RETURN
670 'Drop Student

680 NUM=NUM-1: FOR 1=1 TO NUM: S
TUDENT*(I)=STUDENT*(I+1): NEXT:
RETURN

690 ' Add Names and Numbers
700 CLS: PR I NT" ENTER NAMES AND N
UMBERS; ", "stop TO STOP": FOR I=N
UM+1 TO 255: A*=STRING* (23, " "):

L I NE I NPUT " NAME : " ; B*
710 IF B*="stop" THEN NUM=I-1: I
=255: GOTO 730 ELSE MID*(A*,1,LE
N(B*))=B*: LINE I NPUT "NUMBER (4 DI

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ALL LISTED
PROGRAMS

September. 1982

6ITS):";C*: STUDENT* ( I ) =C*+A*
720 IF GRADES >0 THEN FOR J = l TO
GRADES : STUDENT* ( I ) =STUDENT* ( I ) +
" ": NEXT J

730 NEXT I: GOSUB 1170: RETURN
740 'Print Grades

750 FOR P=0 TO 1: CLS: PRINT#-2,
CHR*(13) ;CHR*(14> ;CHR*(27) ; "E";T
AB( 18) "GRADE BOOK " ; CHR* (13)
760 PR I NT#-2 , " B I OL " ; LEFT* ( CLASS
*, LEN (CLASS*) -4) ; TAB (32) TERM*; TA
B ( 65) PROF* ; CHR* (13)
770 IF P=l THEN PRINT#-2, STRING*
( 26 , " " ) ; ELSE PR I NT#-2 , STR I NG* (
6," ");

780 PRINT#-2, "T ";: FOR G=l TO 3
0: IF GRADE* (G)<>"" THEN PRINT#-
2,USING"###";G; ELSE G=30
790 NEXT G: PRINT#-2, CHR* ( 13) ; CH
R*(27) ; "F"; "Poss ";: IF P=l THEN
PRINT#-2, MID* (STUDENT* (0) ,5,20)

■

800 SUM=0: FOR J = l TO GRADES: SU
M=SUM+VAL ( M I D* ( STUDENT* ( 0 ) , 26+2*
J, 1) > * 1 0+VAL (MI D* ( STUDENT* ( 0 ) ,27
+2*J, 1) ) : NEXT J

810 SUM*=" ": SM*=STR*(SUM) : L
=LEN(SM*)-1: SM*=RIGHT* (SM*, L) :
MID*(SUM*,4-L,L)=SM*: MID*(STUDE
NT*(0) ,25, 3)=SUM*: PRINT#-2, SUM*

■

820 FOR J=l TO GRADES: PRINT#-2,
" " ; MID* (STUDENT* (0) , 26+2*J , 2) ; :

NEXT J: PRINT#-2
830 FOR 1=1 TO NUM: PRINT#-2,LEF
T*(STUDENT*(I) ,4) ; " ";: IF P=l T
HEN PRINT#-2,MID*(STUDENT*(I) ,5,
20) ;

840 SUM=0: FOR J=l TO GRADES: SU
M=SUM+VAL (MID* (STUDENT* ( I ) , 26+2*
J , 1 ) ) *1 0+VAL (MID* (STUDENT* ( I ) , 27

+2*J, 1) ) : NEXT J

850 IF SUM>MAXSUM THEN MAXSUM=SU
M

860 SUM*=" ": SM*=STR*(SUM) : L
=LEN(SM*>-1: SM*=RIGHT* (SM*, L) :
MID*(SUM*,4-L,L)=SM*: MID*(STUDE
NT*(I> ,25,3)=SUM*: PRINT#-2, SUM*

■

870 FOR J=l TO GRADES: PRINT#-2,
" ";MID*(STUDENT*(D ,26+2* J, 2) ; :

NEXT J : PRINT#-2: NEXT I
880 PRINT#-2: FOR K=l TO GRADES:

PRINT#-2,USING " ## ";K;: PRIN
T#— 2 , GRADE* ( K ) : NEXT K: PRINT#-2
,CHR*(12) ; : NEXT P *
890 'Gradescale

900 PRINT#-2,CHR*(13> ; CHR* (27) ; "
E"; TAB (20) "GRADESCALE FOR ";"BIO

The RAINBOW

Page 13

L " ; LEFT* ( CLASS* , LEN ( CLASS* ) -4 )
910 X=INT (MAXSUM*.9+.5> : Y=MAXSU
M: Z=INT(MAXSUM*.01+.5) : IF Z=0
THEN Z=l

920 PRINT#-2,CHR*(27) "F": IF LE
FT* (CLASS*, 1>="1" AND MID* (CLASS
*,5, 1)<>"L" THEN Al=.88: Bl=.76:
Cl=.64: Dl=.52 ELSE Al=.9: Bl=.
8: Cl=.7: Dl=. 6

930 FOR H=X TO Y STEP Z: A2=INT(
H*Al+.5): B2=INT(H*Bl+.5) : C2=IN
T(H*Cl+.5): D2=INT (H*Dl+.5) : A=0
: B=0: C=0: D=0: F=0
940 FOR 1=1 TO NUM: SUM=VAL(MID*
(STUDENT*(I) ,25, 1) ) * 1 00+VAL (MI
(STUDENT* (I) ,26, 1) ) *10+VAL (MID*(
STUDENT*(I) ,27, 1) )

950 IF SUM<D2 THEN F=F+1 ELSE IF
SUM<C2 THEN D=D+1 ELSE IF SUM<B
2 THEN C=C+1 ELSE IFSUM<A2 THEN
B=B+1 ELSE A=A+1

960 NEXT I: PRINT#-2, USING" 100"/.=
### A=### ## B=### ## C
=*## ** D=### ## F= 0 ##"
;H, A2,A,B2,B,C2,C,D2,D,F: NEXT H
970 PRINT#-2,CHR*(12) : RETURN
980 'Record Grades

990 CLS : VER I F YON : OPEN " 0 " , 1 , CLA

SS*: WR I TE# 1 , TERM* , PROF* , NUM , GRA

DES: FOR 1=0 TO NUM: WRITE#1,STU

—Continued on Page 14

STARSHIP CHAMELEON" brought to you
for COLOR COMPUTER

Dealer Inquiries Invited

$24.95

CALL
OR
WRITE
FOR
COMPLETE
INFORMATION

COMPUTERWARE

Dept C • Box 668
6809 Specialists Encinitas. CA 92024 • (714)436-3512

Compulf *are iS a trademark Of ComDulf r^art

Page 14

GRADEBOOK (From Page 13)

DENT* (I): NEXT I

1000 FOR J=l TO GRADES: WRITE#1,
GRADE* (J): NEXT J: CLOSE: VERIFY
OFF

1010 PRINT MEM; "BYTES REMAINING"
, FREE (0) ; "GRANULES REMAINING":
END

1020 'Create New Gradebook
1030 CLS: PRINT311, "GRADEBOOK " :
PR I NTS>64 , " INDI VI DUAL SCORES MAY
NOT EXCEED99 POINTS. ";
1040 PRINT" TOTAL POINTS FOR THET
ERM MAY NOT EXCEED 999 POINTS. "
1050 LINE INPUT "ENTER CLASS NUMBE

R (101 A)";CLASS*: LINE INPUT "ENT
ER SEMESTER & YEAR (Fall, 1981)"
; TERM*

1060 L I NE I NPUT " ENTER PROFESSOR'S
NAME (Dr. Lester >" j PROF*: PRINT
"ENTER NAMES AND NUMBERS;": PR IN
T"stop TO STOP"

1 070 STUDENT* ( 0 ) = " 0000Poss i b 1 e " +
STRING* (12," "): FOR 1=1 TO 255:
A*=STR I NG* ( 20 , " " ) : PR I NT " NAME
(20 SPACES):", STRING* (20, "-") :
LINE I NPUT B*

1080 IF B*="stop" THEN NUM=I-1:
FILE*="IN": GOSUB 1170: RETURN
1090 MID* ( A*, 1 , LEN (B*> ) =B*: LINE
I NPUT " NUMBER (4 DIGITS):"; C*: S
TUDENT* < I > =C*+A* : NEXT I: GOSUB
1170: RETURN

The RAINBOW

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September, 1982

1100 'Locate Student

1110 CHECK=1: NM*=LEFT* ( STUDENT*

,4): LL=0: UL=NUM+1: I = I NT < < UL-L

L)/2)

1120 PRINT I; UL; LL: SN*=LEFT* <
STUDENT* ( I ) , 4 ) : IF NM*=SN* THEN
RETURN ELSE IF NM*>SN* THEN LL=I

ELSE UL=I-1
1130 IF ULOLL THEN I = INT((UL-LL
> /2+.5>+LL:G0T0 1120
1140 CHECK=0: SOUND 200,2: PRINT"
NO STUDENT WITH THIS NUMBER
PRESS c TO CONTINUE"
1150 IF INKEY*<>"c" THEN 1150 EL
SE RETURN
1160 'Sort List

1170 CLS: PR I NT" SORTING ENTRIES"
: D=INT(NUM/2)

1180 FOR 1=1 TO NUIi-D : N1*=LEFT*
( STUDENT* ( I ) , 4) : N2*=LEFT* ( STUDE
NT*(I+D>,4>: IF N1*<=N2* THEN 12
00

1190 C=l: S1*=STUDENT*(I) : S2*=S
TUDENT* ( I+D) : STUDENT* ( I ) =S2* : S
TUDENT* ( I +D)=S1*

1200 NEXT: IF CO0 THEN C=0: 60T
0 1180 ELSE IF DOl THEN D=INT<<
D+D/2): 60T0 1180 ELSE SOUND 20
0,1: RETURN
1210 'Load File

1220 CLS: LINE I NPUT "ENTER CLASS
NUMBER (101 LA&B) " ; CLASS* : CLAS
S*=CLASS*+" /DAT "

1230 OPEN " I ", 1 , CLASS* : INPUT#1,T
ERM*, PROF*, NUM, GRADES: FOR 1=0 T
0 NUM: INPUT#1,STUDENT*(I) : NEXT
I

1240 IF GRADES >0 THEN FOR K=l TO
GRADES: INPUT#1 , GRADE* <K> : NEXT

1250 CLOSE: FILE*="IN": RETURN
1260 PCLEAR 1: GOTO 60

Back Issue Availability

Back copies of most issues of the RAIN BOW art now
available.

All back issues sell for the single issue cover price — which
is $2 for copies of numbers 1-8, $2.50 for numbers 9-14 and
$2.95 for numbers greater than 14. In addition, there is a
$3.50 charge per order for postage and handling. This
charge applies whether you want one back issue or all of
them.

Most back issues are available on white paper in a reprint
form. All back issues now available would be $28.50, plus
$3.50 shipping and handling — a total of $32. VISA and
MasterCard accepted. Kentucky residents please add 5
percent state sales tax,

Due to heavy demand, we suggest you order back issues
you want now while supplies last. The issue of April, 1982,
Volume I, Number 10, is out of print. If it is reprinted, we
will advise as to its availability at a later date.

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 15

Tutorial.

Let's Learn How To Do
A Number Picking Game

□

By Del Walrath

This article deals with the writing of a number memory
game on one level, but will also discuss how that game came
to be so that readers might get some insight into how this
sort of operation works. There are all sorts of applications
which the same principles might apply.

The game itself works fairly simply. The 80C gives you a
number to memorize. If you are correct, it will lenghten the
number and display that. If you are wrong, it will "haze" you
and ask you to try again.

The program works easily in a 4K non-extended 80C,
although it was originally written f or 1 6K. It can be keyed in
in less than an hour.

Let's take a look at the program now and compare it to the
rules, which are few:

Picking The Number

This did pose a problem as the 80C can only count up to
999999999 and then goes to exponential notation. Who
wants to memorize a bunch of zeroes? We can overcome this
by using labeled variables and building arrays.

Here is a routine to do that:

210 Y=Y+1

220 NUM(Y)=RND(9)
230 PRINT @ 99,
240 FOR I~l TO Y
250 PRINT NUM(I)
260 NEXT I

With this method you must also add a dimension line, as.
the 80C only saves enough room for 10 labels. It must be
placed early in the program to avoid an error.

002 DIM NUM(50)

This can be set higher if you think you can remember
more than 50 digits at a time.

The other method, which I used in the listing below, is to
treat the digits as a string as in lines 200-3 1 0. Line 240 picks
the digit by random and adds 47 to it to give use the ASCII
code. It isthen added to NUM$ alongwith BLN$, whichis a
blank space, at line 250.

The 80C then determines how many numbers there are to
remember and figures out how long to show them to you.
This is accomplished in lines 270-310, with a GOSUB to
lines 660-760 to set a value to the variable TM in a timing
loop in line 300.

Your Guess Of The Number

This could be accomplished by another array:

350 FOR 1 = 1 TO Y

360 INPUT PI(I)

370 IF PI(I) < 0 THEN 350

380 NEXT I

We would then have to make an addition in line 2:

002 DIM NUM(50),PI(50)

But, again, I chose to work with strings as shown in lines
320-420. Within the FOR/NEXT loop, using INKEYS, we
build a string whose ASCII codes fall between 48 and 57 (in
line 390) and whose length is that of NUM$.

^Continued on Page 16

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LOGIC l N' REASON: 3 games which aid children in developing

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FLIPPER: Color Computer version of the OTHELLO™ type games

MAILING LIST: Cassette or disk files for names and addresses
with comments. Cross referencing of information and name seaches
are featured

PEEK 'N' SPELL: Flashes word or letter on screen for children's
spelling drill-New word files can be created and stored on

cassette tape

MATH DERBY: Math drill in a horse race game for 1 to 3

players-variable difficulty

STOCK ANALYZER: Keeps track of stock prices and maintains
portfolio data base-includes additional program for projecting

price trends

COLOR CUBE: CoCo version of the popular cube puzzles.
Features include solution by computer and saving partially

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Page 16

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

Some Plain Talk About a DOS

Why You Should Use STAR-DOS

The Disk Operating System, or DOS for short, is a program which acts as a file
manager for a disk. The DOS acts as a buffer between the disk hardware, and
the software which uses that disk. It*: .imary function is to maintain a disk
directory on each disk, fetch program or data files from the disk as needed, and
store programs or data back on the disk.

When you buy the Radio Shack Disk System for the Color Computer, a Read
Only Memory (ROM) integrated circuit inside the disk controller contains
those parts of a DOS which change Extended Basic into Disk Extended Basic.
Although this Basic allows you to initialize a disk, maintain a disk directory,
store and fetch programs and data, and do many other functions of a real DOS,
it has one major drawback — it only works with Basic. There is no easy way to
integrate it with machine or assembly language programs, and so you are still
limited by the speed and power of Basic.

For this reason, many sophisticated Color Computer users are seriously considering switching to another DOS.
Some of our competitors are marketing a very flexible DOS, long a favorite among users of larger 6809 systems,
which has been adapted to run on the Color Computer. This particular DOS is quite popular among other 6809
users, and there are many available programs which run under it. But it has several disadvantages. It often requires
that you void your warranty by opening and modifying the Color Computer. It is completely incompatible with the
Radio Shack DOS, and the two cannot read each other's disks. It's also expensive — since you must buy a new
Basic to make full use of it (normal Radio Shack Basic disk commands don't work with it), you must pretty much
discard all your existing software and start over — new DOS, new Basic, new editor, new text processor, etc. etc.

STAR-DOS is the Solution

STAR-DOS is a real DOS which blends all the best features you want into one DOS. STAR-DOS will run on a
standard, unmodified 16K or larger Color Computer using the Radio Shack disk system. Its disk format is fully
compatible with Radio Shack Disk Basic — files written by Basic can be read by STAR- DOS and vice versa. Since
there is full disk compatibility, you need not throw out your existing programs or files.

But the beauty of STAR-DOS becomes obvious to the serious user. From the programmer's viewpoint, STAR-
DOS is just like other standard 6809 Disk Operating Systems. It provides all the standard features you need, such
as provisions for multiple 320-by te file control blocks, routines to open, read, write, and close named files, rename
or delete files, read or write single sectors, search or modify the directory, and more. STAR-DOS is so powerful
that many programs written for other 6809 systems can be run with STAR-DOS just by changing a few addresses.

STAR-DOS is supplied on a disk with a comprehensive user and programmer's manual, which explains all
available routines and entry points, along with examples showing how to use them. The manual explains how to
convert programs running under another DOS to run with STAR-DOS. It also comes with a number of utilities to
make use of your disk system even easier and faster. It costs just $49.90 and is available NOW.

Available NOW for STAR-DOS

ALL-IN-ONE — the super Text Editor/Text Processor/Mailing List/Mailing Label program from AAA Chicago
Computer Center which can process your text and even print individually addressed form letters from your
mailing list. Adapted for STAR- DOS and available NOW for just $50.

SPELL 'N FIX — the spelling correction program now available in the original Color Computer version or the new,
much faster, STAR-DOS version. Finds and fixes spelling and typo errors fast, and costs $69.29.

COMING . . .moresoftware running under STAR-DOS is in the works. Write for details, or see last month's ad for
other programs.

Above prices include shipping for orders prepaid by cash, check, or money order. We also accept COD, Visa, and
MasterCard. State residents please include sales tax.

Star Kits

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

P.O. Box 209— R

Mt. Kisco, N.Y. 10549
(914) 241-0287

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 17

SPELL *N FIX

Finally Available for the Color Computer!

Now produce goof -proof text on your Color Computer by letting SPELL 'N FIX find and correct your spelling and
typing mistakes. Used since 1981 on larger 6800 and 6809 systems, SPELL 'N FIX is now available for your Color
Computer too.

* Checks your text against a 20,000 word dictionary and finds your spelling and typing errors.

* Displays all questionable words, or prints them on your printer for later action.

* Even corrects errors in your text. Wrong words can be highlighted or changed to their correct spelling.

* Fast and accurate — reads text faster than you can, spots and corrects errors even experienced
proofreaders miss.

* Dictionary can be expanded and customized — technical and even foreign words are easily added.

* Available for the Radio Shack disc, cassette, or Flex disk operating system.

* Compatible with all Color Computer Text Processors, including TeleWriter!

SPELL 'N FIX is available off-the-shelf right NOW, and costs $69.29 in the Radio Shack disk or cassette versions
(32K RAM required!); $89.29 in the Flex version. (Other versions, including Percom DOS, SSB DOS, and OS 9
versions also available — contact us.)

HUMBUG

Now in a Color Computer Version

HUMBUG is the famous SUPER MONITOR for 6800 and 6809 systems — you can now use it on your Color
Computer too.

HUMBUG is a complete machine language monitor and debugging system which allows access to the full power of
the 6809E processor in the computer. HUMBUG lets you

* Input programs and data into memory.

* Output and list memory contents in various formats.

* Insert multiple breakpoints into programs.

* Single-step through machine language programs.

* Test, checksum, and compare memory contents.

* Find data in memory.

* Start and stop programs.

* Upload and download from bigger systems, save to tape.

* Connect the Color Computer to a terminal, printer, or remote computer.

* Learn how the Color Computer works by studying the listing of HUMBUG in the complete manual.

HUMBUG is available right NOW on disk or cassette for $39.95 for 16K or 32K Color Computers. Special version
for 64K systems costs $59.29 and is compatible with software for large 6809 systems.

Other Color Computer Software

CHECK 'N TAX — Basic programs for checkbook maintenance and income tax reports, for either RS Disk or
Flex, $50.

REMOTERM — allows full operation of the Color Computer from an external terminal. $19.95.

LFPRINT — permits the Color Computer to be used with non-standard serial printers which do not support

handshaking or automatic line feeds. $19.95.

NEWTALK - a memory examine utility for machine language programmers which reads out memory contents
through the TV set speaker. $20.

SHRINK — our version of Eliza, in machine language and extremely fast. $15.
OXXO — our version of Othello, also machine language and very fast. $15.

We accept cash, check, COD, Visa, or Master Card. NY State residents please add appropriate sales tax.

Star Kits

P.O. Box 209— R
Mt. Kisco, N.Y. 10549
(914) 241-0287

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

Page 18 The RAINBOW

NUMBER (From Page 15)

Something that we can do with the INKEYS that we
cannot do with INPUT is to use keys other than the
alphanumerics. Line 380 checks to see if the key pressed was
either the CLEAR or the back arrow, in which case the
screen is cleared. CIS is then set to nothing and you get to try
your guess again in line 310.

Line 390 excludes all keys except those whose ASCII code
is between 48 and 57, which are the number keys. The
BREAK key is not disabled as in most Basic games. but if
this is a must, there is a routine which will allow you to do is
in the listing for The Track in this month's issue of the
RA IN BO W.

Compare The Two Strings

If we were using arrays, we could compair number to
number in both arrays like this:

440 FOR 1 = 1 TO Y
450 IF NUM(I)< >CI(I) THEN 490
460 NEXY I

470 PRINT "CORRECT"
480 SOUND 229,8: GOTO 220
490 PRINT "WRONG TRY AGAIN?"

Comparing strings is a little, bit easier, as will be seen in
lines 430-650 of my listing. Line 440 compares NUMS with
CIS, using all the digits at once. If you were correct, control
is passed to line 620, which can tell you
"CORECTOM UNDO" and then it is back to line 220 for a
new number.

If you were incorrect, the end of line 440 is ignored and
control is passed line 450, printing "WRONG" and
depending on the LEN(NUMS), the 80C will either reward
or chastise you.

All in all, this is a simple program, easy to follow and just
waiting for your personal touches. By comparing the two
forms of writing it, I hope I have helped to show some of the
alternatives to programming for you to contemplate.

The listing:

1 REMARK A NUMBER MEMORY

EXERCISE

2 '

3 '

4 ' 0123456789012345678

5 ' 90 67

6 ' 89 MEMORY TEST 23

7 ' 45 W/ NUMBERS 89

8 ' 01 78

9 ' 9012345678901234567

10 '

11 '

12 '

13 '

14 REMarks:

15 ' Del Walrath

16 ' Aug. 1981

17 ' TRS80-C 16K-Ext.

18 '

19 '

20 '

100 ' »>»»»>»»»»>>>»>>>>

INSTRUCTIONS

110 CLS:TM-80

120 PRINT© 6," — MEMORY TEST — "

September, 1982

130 PRINT

140 PRINT" I WILL FLASH A NUMBER
ON THE SCREEN, CLEAR THE SCRE
EN, AND THEN ASK YOU WHAT THAT
NUMBER WAS. IF YOU ARE CORREC
T I WILL ADD A NUMBER TO THE EN
D. "

150 PRINT

160 PRINT" FOR EXAMPLE IF I 61 VE
YOU THE NUMBER: 12 3 4 AND YO
U ANSWER CORRECTLY I WOULD AND
ADD A NUMBER TO IT GIVING YO

U: 12 3 4 5."

170 PRINT

180 PRINT " TO START PRESS ANY K
EY. "

190 X=RND(0):IF I NKE Y*= " " THEN 1 90

200 '>»»>>»»»>>»»»»»>>
TRS80 PICKS #
210 BLN*=" "
220 CLS

230 PRINTS 99," HERE IS YOUR NUMB
ER: "

240 X=RND(10)+47
250 NUM*=NUM*+CHR* ( X ) +BLN*
260 PRINTS 225, NUM*
270 LN=LEN<NUM*>/2
280 GOSUB 660
290 T I MER=0

300 IF TIMER< TM THEN300
310 CLS:CI*=""

320 '>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
PLAYER INPUT

330 PRINT: PRINT " NOW TYPE IN WH
AT YOU SAW . "
340 PRINT
350 FOR 1=1 TO LN

360 PI*=INKEY*: IF PI*="" THEN 36
0

370 PI=ASC<PI*>
380 IF PI-12 ORPI-8 THEN 310
390 IF PK48 OR PI>57 THEN360
400 CI*=CI*+PI*+BLN*
410 PRINT® 225, CI*
420 NEXT

430 '>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
COMPARE

440 IF NUM*=CI* THEN 620
450 PRINTS 65," WRONG**********"
460 SOUND 110,9:SOUND 43,14
470 '

480 PRINTS 128," THE CORRECT NUMB

ER WAS ": PRINTS 161, NUM*

490 PRINTTAB < 1 ) ; CI*
- 500 NUM*-"": CI*-""
510 LN-LN-1
520 IF LN<15 THEN 550
530 PR I NT: PR I NT" VERY GOOD YOU R
EMEMBERED " ; LN

540 PR I NT "MOVES. YOU SHOULD TRY

Continued on Page 20

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 19

From Computer Plus to YOU . .

PLUS

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Page 20 The

NUMBER (From Page 18)
SOMETH I N6 HARDER . " : 60T0 1 70
550 IF LN<10 THEN 570
560 PR I NT: PR I NT" GOOD, OR AT LEA
ST AVERAGE , BUT LETS SEE IF YOU
CAN DO BETTER THAN " ; LN ; " MOVE
S":GOTO 170
570 IF LN<8 THEN 600
580 PR INT: PR I NT " DID YOU MAKE A

BOO-BOO. THAT WAS ONLY " ;LN; "

MOVES . "

590 PRINT "LETS TRY AGAIN": GOTO
170

600 PRINT: PRINT " ARE YOU PLAYIM
G THE SAME GAME I AM. I KNOW YO
U CAN DO BETTER THAN " ; LN ; " MOV
ES. TRY AGAIN. ":GOTO 170
610 GOTO 170

620 PRINTS265, "CORRECTOMUNDO"

630 FOR I=114TO205 STEP7: SOUND I ,

1:NEXT:CLS

640 CI*="":TIMER=0

650 IF TIMER<79 THEN650 ELSE220

660 IF LN>5 THEN 680

670 TM=80: RETURN

680 IF LN>9 THEN 700

690 TM=75: RETURN

700 IF LN>12 THEN 720

710 TM=70: RETURN

720 IF LNM7 THEN 740

730 TM=65: RETURN

740 IF LN>20 THEN 760

750 TM-60: RETURN

760 TM=55: RETURN

RAINBOW September, 1982

Software Review...

Tape Recorder Capability Is
Well Used In These Programs

The tape recorder and the very versatile uses to which it
can be put with the 80C are used to excellent advantage in
both Speltest and Wordril.

One of the problems associated with using a computer to
teach spelling is that in order to give out the word, one has to
communicate it in some way to the student. This can pose a
real problem but it is solved nicely by these two programs.

Using the tape recorder, both Speltest — which is a
spelling test program — and Wordril — a words-and-
definitions program — easily avoid the problem by having
the teacher create a voice tape on which he or she records the
words to be spelled or defined.

The nice part about all this is that there is little guesswork,
even if the teacher is not familiar with the 80C. An entire
routine assists the teacher in getting the words on tape, and
even provides a count-down so there is little change than a
word will get "clipped off." The time allowed for the
recording can be varied as well.

By making a voice and data tape, the teacher then has a
complete program to run. He or she can merely load in the
data and have the Wordril or Speltest program take it from
there.

We are impressed by the care which has gone into this
program, assisting the teacher with making the data and
voice tape. We are also pleased, as we believe you will be,
with the format of the program itself.

Spelling tests are difficult to work through a computer

system but these programs, thanks to some creative
programming, have solved the problem by using a powerful
feature of the 80C system.

(Tom Mix Software, 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids,
MI 49505, $19.95 each)

Hardware Review...

This Cable Will Make
Your Life A Lot Easier

There is one thing we simply hate about the 80C's disk
system: That is the ROM pack which extends so far out of
the side.

If you are like us and are a little cramped for space, then a
new Disk Interface I Rom pack Extender is just the ticket.

We know that many of you have bought the work station
sold by Radio Shack as an easy way to keep as much as
possible in one place. But, the back of the 80C fits under an
enclosure, and that means it is hard to get to when you want
to plug the disk controller (or any ROM Pack) in and out.

This excellent product fits into the ROM port of your 80C
in place of the disk controller. Then, all you need to do is
plug the controller in the other end. It has the advantage of
giving you three additional feet of space and of saving a lot
of wear and tear on the BOM port pins as well.

This is a good product? As with any cable, you must be
careful not to pull on the cable itself rather than the socket.
But, with this minor caution you will eliminate a great deal
of hassel and save your expansion port pins in the process.

We have been running our disk and ROM Packs with this
cable for a month now and have had no problems with it
whatsoever. If cramped quarters are a problem for you, this
product may be just the ticket.

(Spectrum Projects, 93-15 86th Drive, Woodhaven, NY
11421, $29.95)

Software Review...

These Programs Leave Much
To Be Desired Educationally

By Mark Williams

(Mr. Williams teaches computer programming to both
exceptional and gifted children and gives workshops for
teachers on computer uses in the classroom.)

Six weeks ago 1 ordered three program tapes from Moses
Engineering. Each of these programs was priced at $4, as
indeed, are all of Moses Engineering's programs.

Four and one-half weeks later, two of the three arrived
(the third still has not) recorded on C-60 tapes (!) with two
saves on one side and the remainder of the tape blank.

The problems began when 1 tried to load the programs. In
each case, the first recording would not load. Both times, the
second did.

A far more serious problem occurred when 1 ran the
programs. Both of these programs are advertised in Moses
Engineering's catalog as "College Level." They are of very
poor educational quality.

The World History program, which purports to be a
review of world history from the Sumerians to the present,
covers very briefly only the barest minimum of information.
It would in no way be adequate for a junior high school
history course, let alone college level.

The format is simply text on a screen. Anyone who uses
computers in a classroom situation knows that this quickly

September, \ 1982 The

becomes boring for students of almost any age.

There are two graphics frames amidst the lines of text,
both nicely done. But this kind of review cries out for maps
and drawings at frequent intervals to keep interest high, and
this program provides only two for over 8,000 years of
history. <

There is no interaction with the user in this program —
only one question is asked.

The United States history program is even worse. It opens
with a partially-obscured map of the U.S. and plays a
patriotic song (some of the notes aren't right). Then it moves
into a very brief overview of United States history. This is
covered in less than eight frames, less than 128 lines! There is
one map (not badly done), one graphic of an A-bomb
explosion (poorly done), and, again, only one review
question.

Moses Engineering's advertising says "The most complete
list of EDUCATIONAL TRS-80 Color Computer
programs in the United States. From kindergarten through
graduate courses." If these are examples of the level of
information and the method of presentation on "college
leveP programs, then I could not recommend them.

One final note. I realize that these programs cost only $4
each and that good, well-designed educational software
costs much more; but my advice would be to forget the
program and use the tape for something else.

(Moses Engineering, P.O. Box 11038, Ardmore Hwy.
Station, Huntsville, AL 35805, $5 each)

(Moses Engineering replies: "We appreciate Mr.
Williams' comments just as we have appreciated the more

RAINBOW Page 21

favorable responses we have received. We are constantly
reviewing and revising our programs and will keep Mr.
Williams ' criticisms in mind as we continue to do so.

As for the delivery time, we apologize. We were in the
process of relocating.)

About Your Subscription

Your copy of the RAINBOW is sent third class
mail and, for subscribers in the United States, the
date of mailing is printed on the label. If you do
not receive your copy by the 25th of any month,
send us a card and we will mail another
immediately via first class mail.

You must notify us of a new address when you
move. Notification should reach us no later than
the 15th of the month prior to the month in which
you chanae your address. Sorry, we cannot be
responsible for sending another copy when you
fail to notify us.

Your mailing label also shows an "account
number" and the subscription expiration date.
Please indicate this account number when
renewing or corresponding with us. It will help us
help you better and faster.

For Canadian and other non-U.S. subscribers,
there may be a mailing address shown that is
different from our editorial office address. Do not
send any correspondence to that mailing
address. Send it to our editorial offices as P.O.
Box 209, Prospect, KY 40059. This applies to
everyone except those whose subscriptions are
through our distributor in Australia.

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Page 22

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

Demons In The Dungeon? Let's See 'Em All!

By Bill Nolan
Rainbow FRP Columnist

(Mr. Nolan, an experienced Dungeonmaster in a popular
fantasy role playing game on a weekly basis, is the President

of Prickly- Pear Software,)

As I pointed out last month, in my own campaigns I find
that whenever I mention the possibility of demons in the
area, there is a general tendency for the players to have their
characters leave town in the other direction. This may well
represent wisdom on their part, because when you run the
program this month you will see that these are very powerful
creatures indeed, and have little or nothing to fear from the
5th or 6th level adventurer. Should they just not be used
then? I will come back to that question after telling you a
little more about the program.

This month's program is simply a way f or you to get quick
information about a particular kind of demon without
looking it up. If you use this when stocking your dungeons
with monsters, it will help you to be faster and more
accurate. It is quite long, over 12K in fact, so you can see that
there is simply a lot of information needed when dealing
with demons.

Now, back to the question about whether we should use
demons or not. I personally feel that they add a valuable
presence to the game. They represent the embodiment of
chaotic evil, and as such, they give the good adventurer a
goal. They are the terrible beings that an adventurer can

hope to face and defeat some day, even if that day is far off.
They are there to remind the adventurer just what he (or she)
is fighting against. Sure, they are hard to defeat, but what
truly worthwhile goal is easily attained? Besides, in the
meantime there are several ways that they can add flavor to
your campaign right now.

Like I said last month, the Succubbi, and their boyfriends
the Inccubbi, may be one of the easiest to bring in, just for
their nuisance value. Picture this: A party of five or six
characters of 4th to 6th level is wandering through a
dungeon looking for something to steal, when their
attention is attracted by a series of yells, screams and groans,
emanating from a cross corridor. Naturally they run right
down to see what is going on. (Adventurers make their living
by nosing into other people's business.) Well, sure enough,
they find a large group of nasty, hideous Ores just about to
do unthinkable things to a helpless maiden they have
captured. (Helpless maidens really should be more careful!)

The adventurers rush right in to engage the Ores in
meelee. What else would you expect them to do? If they were
smart, they would have become bankers, or magazine
publishers, not adventurers. After all, yi j can gel killed

Design a training program to bring you
to your top speed- with RUNCALC

Written by Bill Brown, a former coach and 2:47 marathoner, RUNCALC is an
invaluable aid to distance runners of all ages and ability levels.

RUNCALC can help you:

-Evaluate your training quality
-Compare performances of different lengths
-Find pace per mile, per quarter-mile, per meter, etc.
-Find speed in mlles/hr., meters/sec, ft/ sec.
-Do metric conversions

-Generate split times for goal distances and times
-Set meaningful goal times for Interval training
-Calculate calorie usagefora given run.

RUNCALC was designed for the Tandy Radio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer, it is
an easy to use menu-driven program requiring 16K Ext. Color Basic and is supplied on
cassette with guide for only $12.95 including postage. Indiana residents include 4%
sales tax.

DEALER
INQUIRIES
WELCOME

H^^^ SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:

f^HOMe pui\l

f^f^tw^J COMPUTER PRODUCTS m Box 511 Dale, Indiana 47523

mmm

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 23

fighting Ores. Luckily, these particular adventurers are able
to route the Ores and rescue the maiden, who is, of course,
very grateful, havingjust been saved from a fate worse than
death. So very grateful is this maiden, that she is unable to
control the well of gratitude which bubbles up inside her,
and in a fit of total impetuosity, she runs up to each
adventurer and plants a big kiss.

Surprise! The maiden is really a Succubbus, the party is
now a party of 3rd to 5th level, (Succubbi steal life energy
levels with a kiss.) and the Ores were in cahoots with her to
dupe the party. Natually, to avoid detection, the Succubbus
had polymorphed herself into appearing like a regular girl.
It wouldn't do going around with your wings hanging out.
That makes people suspicious. Having bestowed her kisses,
the lady then takes her leave, without saying goodby, as she
feels that the party may not appreciate these kisses, and may
even become angry with her for bestowing them.

After this happens a couple of times, you will find that
nobody will go near maidens in distress. In fact, maidens in
distress, formerly quite popular, will be as welcome as
typhoid. Now that everyone is on their toes, you can have
them run into a demon of maybe Type IV or VI who is
guarding that pass in the mountains through which it is very
necessary for the party of adventurers to travel. This heavy
duty demon may well demand a large payment in money or
magic (or both) to allow passage. The party doesn't have to
pay up; it can always fight, which brings me to may next
point, which is how to fight a demon.

Demons aren't all that tough in a rough and tumble, and if
they were to just stand and hack it out with you, many a 3rd
level fighter would walk all over them. The physical damage
they do, with some exceptions, isn't all that bad, and is
certainly nothing to worry the average party of five or six
people, as long as they have the magic weapons necessary to
hit the demons.

The strong point of demons is their magic ability, and the
first aim of any group of adventuring characlej^musjt be to
prevent the use of that magic. Just like their magic-using
counterparts among the adventuring classes, a demon must
take a little time to cast a magic spell (the rule books tell how
long each spell takes) and he must concentrate fully on that
spell until it is completed. If a successful hit is made on the
demon with some weapon, his concentration is broken, and
his spell will be ruined.

The party should close to weapon rangeas fast as possible
and start cutting away at the demon. If you can prevent his
magic use, he won't be all that hard to defeat, so the byword
is all-out attack. In this fight fitness may be a detriment. And
remember, if you are losing, /. never hurts to run. "He who
fights and runs away, may live to fight another day."

So make use of those demons in your campaign. They add
a lot of spice, not to mention fire, and brimstone.

Next month there will be two programs. One will be for
those disk users out there, and will be a disk menu which will
automatically run any of may previous programs from this
column. I will also give instructions on how to add to it as
you like, or adapt it to any disk you want. The second
program will be a surprise.

By thiiway, how do you like the Prickly-Pear Dragon on
the column head this month? If you have any comments or
suggestions, be sure to write me at 9822 E. Stella Road,
Tucson, Arizona 85730. Write in care of Prickly-Pear
Software. The address above is new. We finally got more
space. See you next month.

10 ' **********DEMONAID**********

20 CLEAR500:GOSUB990

30 CLS: PR I NT "THIS PROGRAM WILL A

ID YOU WHEN YOU USE DEMONS IN Y

OUR CAMPAIGN. THESE POWERFUL CREA
TURES HAVE SOMANY POWERS THAT IT
CAN BE HARD TO KEEP TRACK. WHE
N YOU SELECT A DEMON FROM THE PR
OGRAM MENU, HOWEVER, ALL OF THA
T DEMON'S"

40 PRINT M POWERS AND ABILITIES WI
LL BE DISPLAYED ON THE SCREEN
, SO YOU CAN MAKE YOUR CHOICE.
IF YOU CHOOSE TO TRY A GATE, Y
OUR COM- PUTER WILL GIVE THE RES
ULTS, BASED ON THAT DEMON'S C

HANCE TO SUCCESSFULLY OPEN A GAT
E . GOOD LUCK ! " : GOSUB 1 000
50 CLS:PRINT5>34, " 1. DEM I GORGON"
; : PRINTS)66, 11 2. JUIBLEX 11 ; : PRINTS)
98," 3. ORCUS"; : PRINTS) 130, " 4. M
ANES 11 ; : PR I NTS) 162, 11 5. SUCCUBUS";
:PRINTS>194, " 6. TYPE I";:PRINT5>2
26," 7. TYPE II" ; :PRINTS>258, " 8.

TYPE III"; :PRINTS>290, " 9. TYPE
IV" ; : PRINTS>322, " 10. TYPE
60 PRINTS>354, " 11. TYPE VI M ;:PRIN
TS>450, ""; : INPUT" enter YOUR CHOIC
E M ;T:SOUND150, 1: IFT< 1QRT>1 1THEN5
0

70 ONT GOTO80,220,310,550,570,63

0, 680, 720, 790, 840, 910

80 CLS : PRINTS)9, " DEM I GORGON 11 : PR IN

T 11 THIS DEMON PRINCE IS ONE-OF-A-
KIND. HE IS AC -8, AND MOVES
AT 15 RATE. HE HAS 200 HP, 3
ATTACKS PER ROUND, AND A +2 OR

COLOR COMPUTER

See The Night
Sky on Your TV

• Extended Resolution Graphics.

• Position of all major Stars Planets Constela-
tions etc

• Educational & Entertaining

• Complete with Documentation & Monthly

Punntc Hat:

Available for the TRS-80 Color Computer. 16K Extended

Cassettes Only.

$15.oo

Chock or Monty Ord«t Potfeo* PaldCmodtin Ordori $17,

ilume design

4653 Jeanne Mance Montreal Quebec Canada H2V 4J5

Page 24 The RAINBOW

FRP (From Page 23)
BETTER WEAPON IS NEEDED TO HIT
. HE IS 95*/. MAGIC RESISTANT, HI6
H"

90 PR I NT "BEN I US IN INTELLIGENCE,
AND STANDS 18' TALL. HE HA

S TWO HEADS, AND THE GAZE OF
BOTH TO- GETHER WILL HYPNOTISE -
15 HD ARE NEEDED BEFORE A SAV
E IS ALLOWED. SEPARATELY, T

HE LEFT HEAD'S GAZE IS A ROD OF
BEGUIL-"

100 PRINT" ING, WHILE THE RIGHT C
AUSES " : GOSUB 1 000 : CLS : PR I NT " I NS AN
ITY FOR 1-6 TURNS. HIS F

ORKED TAIL STRIKES AS A FLAIL
, BUT DRAINS 1-4 LIFE LE- VELS.

EACH TENTACLE DOES 1-6 HPDAMAG
E, AND CAUSES ROT OF A VERYSERIO
US NATURE . "

110 PR I NT "DEM I GORGON CAN DO THE
FOLLOWING AT WILL: CONTINUAL DA
RKNESS , CHARM PERSON, CREATE I
LLUSION LIKE A WAND, CAUSE FEA
R LIKE A WAND, LEVITATE LIKE A
16TH LEVELMAGE, DETECT MAGIC, RE
AD MAGIC, READ LANGUAGES, DETECT

INVISIBLE";

Spectral Associates
Tom Mix Software
Sugar Software

Computorware
Soft Sector Marketing
Mark Data Products

These people make some of the best software
available for the Color Computer anywhere. Now, in
one stop, you can have all these and more!

'NEW* Katerplller (Tom Mix Software) $24.95

Ghost Gobbler (Spectral Assoc.) $21.95

Color Berserk (Mark Data) $24.95

Master Control (Soft Sector) $24.95

Silly Syntax (Sugar Software) $19.95

Storml (Computerware) $24.95

Scepter of Kzlrgla (Rainbow Connection) $16.95

Tne above product mix would require at
least five letters, five checks and five stamps!
Why waste your time? Write or call:

PCLEAR 80 SOFTWARE

494 Cline Avenue
Mansfield, OH 44907
(419) 756-4873

Note: We also carry the RAINBOW

Add $2 shipping on orders less than $50, Please add
$2 for COD. Ohio residents add 5% state sales tax.

SYMBOL.
A GATE,
OF THE
T DOES,
OF HIS

September. 1982

120 PRINT"OBJECTS, DISPEL MAGIC,
CL A I RVOY , CL A I R AUD I ENCE , SUGGEST
, WATER " : GOSUB 1 000 : CLS: PRINT" BRE
ATH, POLYMORPH SELF, WALL OF ICE
, CHARM MONSTER, TELEK I N I SE 7,0
00 GP WEIGHT WITH EACH HEAD, PRO
JECT AN IMAGE, STICKS TO SNA
KES, AND GATE. ONCE A DA
130 PR I NT "HE CAN CAST FEEBLEMIND
, POWER WORD STUN, AND USE ANY

IF DEMI GORGON ATTEMPTS
THERE IS AN 857. CHANCE
GATE OPENING, AND IF I
THERE IS A 50*/. CHANCE
GATING IN A TYPE I-IV
DEMON, AND";

140 PR I NT "A 507. CHANCE OF A TYPE
V OR VI. HIT AN 'R' TO RETURN T
0 THE MAINMENU, OR A 'G' TO TRY
A GATE . " : K*= I NKEY*
1 50 GOSUB 1 040 : I FK*= " R " THEN50
160 GOSUB1030:Z=RND(100) :IFZ>85T
HENPR I NT5>234 , " GATE FAILED";: GOSU
B1000:GOTO80
170 IFZ>50THEN200

180 Z=RND(100) : IFZ<26THENX*="TYP
E I"ELSEIFZ<51THENX*="TYPE I I "EL
SEIFZ<76THENX*="TYPE III "ELSEX*=
"TYPE IV"
190 GOTO210

200 Z=RND (100) : IFZ<51THENX*="TYP

E V"ELSEX*="TYPE VI"

210 PR I NT3268 , X * ; : GOSUB 1 000 : GOTO

220 CLS: PRINT5>11, "JUIBLEX": PRINT
: PR I NT "THERE IS ONLY ONE JUIBLEX
, AND HE IS FOUL TO BEHOLD. HE
IS AC -7, MOVES AT A 3 RATE, HA
S 88 HP, AND 1 REGULAR ATTACK
FOR 4- 40 POINTS OF DAMAGE. IT
TAKES A+2 OR BETTER WEAPON TO HI
T HIM. "

230 PR I NT "HE IS 657. RESISTANT TO
MAGIC, 9* TALL, AND GENIUS IN IQ
. AT WILLHE CAN CAUSE A CIRCLE
OF DARK- NESS 15' IN DIAMETER,
FEAR LIKE A WAND, A CIRCLE OF CO
LD 10' IN DIAMETER, AND REGENERA
TION AT 2 HP PER ROUND. ": GOSUB10
00: CLS

240 PR I NT "ONCE PER ROUND HE CAN
ALSO DO ONE OF THE FOLLOWING S
PELLS, BUTONE ONLY: DETECT INVI
SIBLE, LO-CATE OBJECT, DISPEL MA
GIC, FLY, ESP, CAUSE INVISIBILIT
Y WITH A 10' RADIUS, CHARM MONS
TER, HOLD MONSTER, TELEK I N I SE 15
,000 GP OF";

250 PRINT "WEIGHT, PROJECT IMAGE,

PHASE DOOR, PUTRIFY FOOD OR

—Continued on Page 26

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 25

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This one's a real winner. Two programs for the price of one.
Train on MOON LANDER and then move up to LANDER II.
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DANCING DEVIL $18.95

Here's a demon of a deal. Watch him dance to
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Page 26

WATER ,
ITH MON-
HE CAN

The RAINBOW

FRP (From Page 24)
CAUSE DISEASE, SPEEK W
STERS. ONCE PER TURN
THROW FORTH A BLOB OF
SLIME THATHAS ALL THE BAD RESULT
S OF OCHRE JELLY AND GREEN SLIME
PUT TO- 6ETHER. "

260 GOSUB1000:CLS:PRINT"THIS BLO
B HAS A RANGE OF 15', AND A SI
ZE OF 3 CUBIC FEET. ONCE A D

AY, HE CAN SPEAK AN UN- HOLY WOR
D, AND HAS A 70V. CHANCE OF GAT IN
G IN 1-4 TYPE II DEMONS. HIT 'R'
TO RETURN TO THE MENU, OR 'G' T

0 ATTEMPT TO OPEN A"
270 PR I NT "GATE"

280 K*= I NKEY*: GOSUB 1040: IFK*="R"
THEN50

290 Z=RND ( 1 00 ) : GOSUB 1 030 : I F Z >70T
HENPRINT5>234, "GATE FAILED"; : GOSU
B1000:GOTO220

300 N=RND(4) : X*=STR*(N)+" TYPE I

1 ":PRINTS>266, X*; : GOSUB 1000: GOTO
220

310 CLS:PRINT5>13, " ORCUS " : PR I NT " L
UCKILY, ORCUS IS NOT A TYPE OF D
EMON, BUT AN INDIVIDUAL. HE ISA
C -6, HAS 120 HP, HAS 2 ATTACKSP
ER ROUND, AND YOU MUST USE A +3W
EAPON TO HAVE ANY CHANCE TO HITH
IM. HE IS 85"/. MAGIC RESISTANT, H

RAINBOW

A powerful
utility that
opens a window
into the Color
Computer s disks.

COLORZAP uses the power of the
Color Computer to provide both
rapid scanning and full screen modifi-
cation capabilities. You can now examine,
modify, and copy programs or data while
they're stored on disk. Access them by filename
or location.

COLORZAP is programmed largely in BASIC so that
you can modify it if you'd like but part of it is in machine
language to provide fast response All accesses to disk are
performed with standard interfaces, so any standard Color
Computer disk can be examined. You can directly access
the disk's directory and control information to examine a
clobbered disk, recover a killed file, or find parts of a file
when other parts have oeen lost. With this new window into
its disks, the Color Computer sheds its image as a toy. Now
you can use this exciting machine like other powerful
microcomputers.

For the TRS-80 Color Computer. Available on disk with an
accompanying manual from Software Options, 19 Rector
Street, New York, N.Y. 10006. 212-785-8285. Toll-free order
line: 800-221-1624. Price: $49.95 (plus $3.00 per S QFT ^ AK E

order shipping and handling). New York
State residents add sales tax. Visa/Master-
card accepted.

OPTIONS INC

SOFT WAKE

September, 1982

ISH GENIUS, ";

320 PR I NT" AND STANDS 15' TALL. HE
CHOOSES FROM SEVERAL TYPES OFAT
TACKS, AND DOES 1-4 WITH A SL
AP, AND 3-13 WITH A FIST. WI
TH A WEAPON HE IS +6 TO HIT AN
D +8 DAMAGE . HIS TAIL DOES 2-8
+ SAVE VS PO I SON AT -4 . "
330 GOSUB 1 000 :CLS: PR I NT "AT WILL
ORCUS CAN DO THE FOLLOW- I NG: CO
NTINUAL DARKNESS, CHARM PERSON,
CREATE ILLUSION AND FEARLIKE THE
WANDS, DETECT AND READ MAGIC, R
EAD LANGUAGES, DETECT INVISIBL
E, ESP, PYROTECHNICS, "
340 PR INT" DISPEL MAGIC, CLAIRVOY
, CLAIR- AUDIENCE, 12D FIREBALL
, SUGGEST, POLYMORPH SELF, WALL 0
F FIRE, TELEK I NESE 12,000 GP W
EIGHT, ANIMATE DEAD AT 19TH L

EVEL, PROJECT IMAGE, POLYMOR

PH ANY"

350 PR I NT "OBJECT, SHAPE CHANGE,
AND SPEAK WITH THE DEAD AT 20TH
LEVEL . " : GOSUB 1 000 : CLS : PR I NT " ONCE

PER DAY, HE CAN DO FEEBLE- MIND
, USE ANY SYMBOL, AND TIME STOP
. HIS WAND OF DEATH WILL KILL

OR ANNIHILATE ANYONE SAVE A";
360 PR I NT "PEER OF ORCUS, SUCH AS

A DEVIL, SAINT, OR GOD. ORCUS

CAN GATE IN ANOTHER DEMON, OR S
UMMON UN- DEAD AT WILL. HIT 'R'

TO RETURNTO THE MENU, ' G' TO AT
TEMPT A GATE, OR 'S' TO SUMMON

UNDEAD . " : K*= I NKEY*
370 K*=INKEY*: IFK*<>"R"ANDK*<>"G
"ANDK*< >"S"THEN370ELSESOUND150, 1
: I FK*= " R " THEN50ELSE I FK*= " G " THEN4
30

380 CLS4:PRINTS>6, "ORCUS SUMMONS
UNDEAD" ; : FORX=l TO2000: NEXT : Z=RND
(4):0NZ GOTO3?0,400,410,420
390 Z=RND(12)+RND(12)+RND(12)+RN
D(12) :PRINT3168, Z; " SKELETONS " ;
: GOSUB 1 000 : G0T03 1 0

400 Z=RND(8)+RND(8)+RND(8)+RND(8
) :PRINT3169, Z; " ZOMBIES ";: GOSUB
1000:GOTO310

410 Z=RND<6>+RND<6)+RND(6>+RND<6
) : PRINTS) 168, Z; " SHADOWS ";:GOSUB
1000:GOTO310

420 Z=RND(4)+RND(4) :PRINTS168, Z;
" VAMPIRES "; : GOSUB 1000: G0T03 10
430 CLS8: PRINT36, "ORCUS GATES IN

DEMONS " ; : PR I NT366 , " 80*/. CHANCE " ;
:PRINT5>134, "1. TYPE I ";:PRINT3
166, "2. TYPE II "; :PRINT5>198, "3.

TYPE III"; :PRINT3>230, "4. TYPE I

V " ; : PR I NT3290 , " 50*/. CHANCE " ; : PR I

—Continued on Page 26

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 27

Berserk
Color Trek
Cave Hunter
Calixto Island
Black Sanctum

Pac Attack • STORM
Starship Chameleon
Mazerace • Magicube
Color Invaders

Home Money Minder
SCRIBE Word Processor

Color Data Organizer
Communications Programs

3D Drawing Board
Address Factory • Finance I

pOCTSFo*

Macro Assembler
PASCAL • Editor
Diagnostics • Monitor
FLEX Operating System
Assembler

16K/32K/64K Memory Expansions

CALL
OR
WRITE
FOR
COMPLETE
INFORMATION

COMPUTERWARE

6809 Specialists

Dept. C. • Box 668
Encinitas, CA 92024

(71 4) 43I3-351 2

Computerware is a trademark of Computerware

Page 28 The RAINBOW

FRP (From Page 26)

NT5>358,"5. TYPE V " ; : PR I NT5>390,
"6. TYPE VI

440 PRINT5>488, "KEY YOUR CHOICE";
:K*=INKEY*

450 K*= I NKE Y1» : K=VAL ( K* ) : I FK< 1 ORK
>6THEN450ELSIE- SOUND 1 50 , 1: IFK>4THE
N510ELSEZ=RNI)(100) :GOSUB1030: IFZ
>80THENPRINTS)233, "SATE FAILED" ; :
ELSEONK 6OSUK470 , 480 , 490 , 500 : PR I
NT5>235, X*;

460 GOSUB1000:BOTO310
470 X*="TYPE I " : RETURN
4 80 X*="TYPE 1 1": RETURN
490 X*="TYPE III":RETURN
500 X*="TYPE IV": RETURN
510 Z=RND ( 100 ) :60SUB 1030: IFZ >50T
HENPR I NT3234 " GATE FA I LED " ; ELSEO
NK-46OSUB530 , 540 : PR I NT5>237 , X * ;
520 GOSUB 1 000 : G0T03 1 0
530 X*="TYPE V": RETURN
540 X*="TYPE VI" : RETURN
550 CLS : PR I NT i3 12," MANES " : PR I NT " T
HESE SUB-DEMONS ARE AC 7, HAE 1H
D, MOVE AT A 3 RATE, AND GET 3 A
TTACKS PER ROUND FOR 1-2/1-2/1-4
(CLAW, CLAW , BITE) IT TAKESA
+1 WEAPON TO HIT THEM, AND IF K
ILLED THEY DISSIPATE INTO S
T INKING GAS. | THEY HAVE T

September, 1982

560 PR I NT "SAME SPELL RESISTANCES
AS UN- DEAD, AND THEY CAN'T 0
PEN GATES. THEY ARE 3' TALL.":K*=
I NKE Y* : GOSUB 1 000: GOTO50
570 CLS : PR I NTS) 10," SUCCUBUS " : PR I N

T " EACH SUCCUBUS WILL ORDINARILY

WORK ALONE. THEY ARE AC 0, HA

VE6 HD, AND MOVE AT 12 WHEN ON T

HEGROUND, OR 18 WHEN FLYING. IT

TAKES A +1 OR BETTER WEAPON TO

HIT THEM, AND THEY GET 2 ATT AC

KSPER ROUND FOR 1-3/1-3."

580 PRINT"THEIR KISS DRAINS A LI

FE ENERGY LEVEL. THEY ARE 707. M

AGIC RE- SI ST ANT. WHENEVER DES

I RED THEY CAN CREATE 5' DARKNESS

, BECOME ETHEREAL, CHARM PERSON

, ESP, CLAIR AUDIENCE, SUGGEST

ION, SHAPECHANGE TO SIMILIAR SIZ

E HUMANO ID";: GOSUB 1 000 : CL

590 PR I NT" SHAPE, OR OPEN A GATE

(407. CHANCE). IF THE GATE

OPENS, A TYPE IV (707.), TYPE VI

(257.), OR A LORD OR PRINCE (57.)

WILL STEP THROUGH. HIT 'G' TO T

RY A GATE, OR 'R' TO GO TO THE ME

NU. " :K*= I NKEYS: GOSUB 1040: IFK*="R

"THEN50

600 GOSUB 1 030 : Z =RND ( 1 00 ) : I F Z >40T
HENPR I NT3234 , " GATE FA I L ED " ; : GOSU

Find The

COLOR COMPUTER INFORMATION

YOU NEED

INDEX TO ARTICLES, PROGRAMS, LETTERS
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REVIEWS

IN MAGAZINES

COLOR COMPUTER INDEX ©

CATALOG LISTING
VENDORS, HARDWARE, SOFTWARE
SUPPLIES, PUBLICATIONS

COLOR .COMPUTER CATALOG

American Library anc14hformation Services

Dept. R, 3705 Mary Ellen NE, Albuquerque, NM 87111

Gentlemen:

□ Yes! Send me COLOR COMPUTER INDEX 1980-1981 at $5 (Canada and Mexico $6)

□ Yes! Sign me up for COLOR COMPUTER INDEX 1982 (4 issues) for $16 (Canada and Mexico $20)

□ Yes! Sign me up for COLOR COMPUTER CATALOG 1982 (two issues) for $20 (Canada and Mexico $24)

Name .

Address , —

City : State Zip

September, 1982
B1000:6OTO570

610 Z=RND( 100) : IFZ >95THENX*="L0R

D OR PRINCE"ELSEIFZ>70THENX*="TY

PE VI"ELSEX*="TYPE IV"

620 PR I NT5>236 , X * ; : GOSUB 1 000 : GOTO

570

630 CLS : PR I NTS) 1 2 , "TYPE I":PRINT"
THESE COMMON DEMONS APPEAR IN
GROUPS OF 1 TO 6. THEY HAVE AN
AC OF 0, AND MOVE AT 12/18.
THEY HAVE 8 HD, AND 5 ATTACKS
PER ROUND FOR 1-4/1-4/1-8/1-8/1-
6. THEY ARE 507. MAGIC RES IS-"
640 PRINT" TANT, AND ARE OF LOW I
NTELLI- GENCE. THEY ARE 8.5'
TALL. AT WILL, THEY CAN CAUS

E DARKNESSWITH A 5' RADIUS, DETE
CT INVIS- ABLE OBJECTS, TELEKINE
SE 2,000 GP WEIGHT, OR ATTEMPT
TO GATE IN ANOTHER TYPE I DEMON (
107.) . "

650 PRINT"HIT 'G' TO TRY A GATE,
OR 'R' TORETURN TO THE MENU.";:
K*= I NKE Y* : GOSUB 1 040 : I FK*= " R " THEN
50

660 GOSUB1030:Z=RND(100) : IFZM0T
HENPR I NT3234 , " GATE FA I LED " ; : GOSU
B1000:GOTO630

670 PR I NT5>236 , " TYPE I " ; : GOSUB 1 00
0: GOTO630

680 CLS : PR I NT® 11," TYPE II":PRINT

Experience the

Magazine

of the Future .

The Programmer's Institute's magnetic magazines
will entertain, educate, and challenge you.

Each issue features ready-to-load programs ranging from
games, adventures, home applications and utilities to personal
finance, educational, and our unique teaching programs. Our
magazines include fully lislable programs, a newsletter con-
taining descriptions and instructions for all programs, and notes
on programming techniques used.

The RAINBOW Page 29

"1 TO 6 OF THESE COMMON DEMONS
WILL BE FOUND. THEY HAVE 9 HD,
AC -2, MOVE AT 6// 12, HAVE 557.
MAGIC RESISTANCE, LOW INTELLI-
GENCE, ARE 7' + TALL, AND GET 3
ATTACKS PER ROUND FOR 1-3/1-3/4

690 PRINT" 16. AT WILL, THEY CAU
SE DARK- NESS WITH 15' RADIUS,
CAUSE FEARLIKE THE WAND, LEV I TAT
E AT 8TH LEVEL, DETECT INVISIBL
E OBJECTS, TELEK I NESE 3,000 GP WE
IGHT, OR GATE IN ANOTHER TYPE I
I (207.) HIT 'G' TO OPEN GATE,
OR ? R' FORMENU";

700 GOSUB 1 040 : I FK*= " R " THEN50ELSE
GOSUB1030:Z=RND(100) : IFZ>20THENP
RINTS234, "GATE FAILED"; :GOSUB100
0: GOTO680

710 PRINTS236, "TYPE II";:GOSUB10
00 : GOTO680

720 CLS:PRINT3>10, "TYPE III":PRIN
T"THIS UNCOMMON TYPE OF DEMON IS

9.5' TALL, APPEARS IN GROUPS O
F 1-6, MOVES AT A 9 RATE, HAS 10

HD, IS AC -4, GETS 5 ATTACKS F
0R2-12/2-12/ 1-3/ 1-3/2-5, AND IS

607. MAGIC RESISTANT."
730 PRINT"AT WILL, THEY CAN CAUS
E DARKNESSWITH A 10' RADIUS, FEA

—Continued on Page 31

for the TRS-80 COLOR Ext. Basic

— ORDERING INFORMATION —
Subscriptions* Cassette Diskette

Year $50.00 $75.00

Vi Year $30.00 $45.00

Trial Issue $10.00 $15.00

* Add $2.00 postage and handling.
ALL SOFTWARE REQUIRES 16K.

"Received my first copy
. . . it's great! Please
rush to me one of each
back issue, so I'll have a
complete set, "

R.G., Chicago, IL

"Not only are the games
fun and the applications
useful, but the quality of
the programs is excellent. "

S.P., Midwest
Computer Software Sales

See your local dealer or order direct:
THE PROGRAMMER'S INSTITUTE

a division of FUTUREHOUSE
P.O. BOX 3191, DEPT. 1-R
CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514

FREE CATALOG AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.

1-919-489-2198

10 AM' 9 PM, Mon - Sat

Page 30

The RAINBOW

September 1982

ELEWRITER"

lor Computer Word Processor

TELEWRITER

Telewriter is the powerful word processor
designed specifically for the Color
Computer. It can handle almost any
serious writing job and it is extremely easy
to use. It has all the advanced features you
need to create, edit, store, format and
print any kind of text. With Telewriter you
can quickly produce perfect, finished copy
for letters, reports, term papers, articles,
technical documentation, stories, novels,
screenplays, newsletters. It is also a flexible
and efficient way to take notes or organize
ideas and plans.

51 x 24 DISPLAY

The Color Computer is an incredibly
powerful and versatile computer, but for
text editing it has some major drawbacks.
The small 32 character by 16 line screen
format shows you too little of the text and,
combined with its lack of lower case
letters, bears little resemblance to the way
text really looks on the page. Reverse video
in place of lower case just adds confusion.

Telewriter eliminates these shortcomings
with no hardware modifications required.

By using software alone, Telewriter creates
a new character set that has real lower case
letters, and puts 24 lines of 51 characters
on the screen. That's more on-screen
characters than Apple II, Atari or TRS-80
Model III. That's more than double the
Color Computer's standard display.

FULL SCREEN EDITOR

The Telewriter editor is designed for
maximum ease of use. The commands are
single key (or single key plus control key),
fast, and easy to remember. There is no
need to switch between insert modes and
delete modes and cursor movement modes.
You simply type. What you type is inserted
into the text at the cursor, on the screen.
What you see on the screen is always the
current state of your text. You can move
quickly through the text with one key
cursor movement in all 4 directions, or
press the shift key simultaneously for fast,
auto-repeat. You can jump to the top or
bottom of the text, the beginning or end of
a line, move forward or backward a page
at a time, or scroll quickly up or down.
When you type past the end of the line,
the wordwrap feature moves you cleanly to
the next.

You can copy, move or delete any size
block of text, search repeatedly for any

p , . truly a state of the art word processor. . .
outstanding in every respect.

— The RAINBOW. .Ian. 1982

The only one with all these features
for your TRS-80 Color:

51 column x 24 line screen display
Sophisticated full-screen editor
Real lowercase characters
Powerful text formatter
Works with any printer
Special MX-80 driver
Runs in 16K or 32K
Disk & cassette I/O

requires absolutely
no hardware modifications

pattern of characters, then instantly delete it
or replace it with another. Telewriter gives
you a tab key, tells you how much space
you have left in memory, and warns you
when the buffer is full.

FORMAT FEATURES

When it comes time to print out the finished
manuscript, Telewriter lets you specify: left,
right, top, and bottom margins; line spacing
and lines per page. These parameters can be
set before printing or they can be
dynamically modified during printing with
simple format codes in the text.

Telewriter will automatically number pages
(if you want) and automatically center lines.
It can chain print any number of text files
from cassette or disk without user
intervention. You can tell it to start a new
page anywhere in the text, pause at the
bottom of the page, and set the Baud rate
to any value (so you can run your printer at
top speed).

You can print all or any part of the text
buffer, abort the printing at any point, and
there is a "Typewriter" feature which allows
you to type straight to your printer. Because
Telewriter lets you output numeric control
codes directly (either from the menu or
during printing), it works with any printer
(LPVII, LPVIM, MX-80, Okidata, NEC
8023, C. Itoh 85 10, Centronics, C.E
Terminet, Smith Corona TP-I, etc.). There's
even a special driver for the Epson MX-80
that lets you simply select any of its 12 fonts
and do underlining with a single underline
character.

CASSETTE AND DISK I/O

Because Telewriter makes using cassette
almost painless, you can still have a
powerful word processor without the major
additional cost of a disk. The advanced
cassette handler will search in the forward
direction till it finds the first valid file, so
there's no need to keep retyping a load
command when you are lost in your tape.

The Verify command checks your cassette
saves to make sure they're good. You can
save all or any part of the text buffer to
disk or cassette and you can append pre-
existing files from either medium to what
you have in the buffer already.

The disk version can be simply customized
to the precise number of drives in your
system. From the disk menu, you can list
any directory (including free space) to the
screen or to the printer, rename or delete
files, set the default drive and return to
BASIC.

ASCII COMPATIBLE

Telewriter turns your Color Computer
into the most powerful, lowest cost, word
processor in the world today. But that's
not all. The simple ASCII conversion
program provided with Telewriter (for
both cassette and disk) means you can use
the full power of the Telewriter editor for
creating and editing BASIC and assembly
language programs. It means you can use
Telewriter to prepare or edit text files used
with any data communications program.

Telewriter costs $49.95 on cassette and
$59.95 on disk. To order, send check or
money order to:

Cognitec

704 Nob Ave.

Del Mar, CA 92014

RAINBOW

C*MT»IC«tlOk
MM

Or check your local software store. If you
have questions about Telewriter, call us at
(714) 755-1258 weekdays, 7AM-4PM PST.

And now you can get a complete text
processing/communications package direct
from Cognitec.

Telemaster-I : gives you Telewriter along
with Colorcom/E, the most flexible smart
terminal program available for the Color
Computer. Package price: $94.95.

Telemaster-2: gives you Telewriter plus Spell
'n Fix — the professional FLEX spelling
checker, now available for the Color
Computer. Package Price: $109.95.

Telemaster-3: includes Telewriter, Spell 'n
Fix, and Colorcom/E — all 3 for $154.95.

Please specify cassetteor disk. For disk
versions add $ 10.00 to package price.
Mastercard/Visa accepted. Allow 2-3 weeks for
personal checks. Add $2.00 for shipping and
handling. California residents add 6% state tax.
Send SASE for copies of reviews from major
Color Computer and TRS-80 magazines.

. . . one of the best programs for the Color
Computer / have seen . . .

— Color Computer News. Ian. 1982

Atari is a trademark ol Atari. Inc : TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp.; MX-80 is a trademark of Epson America. Inc

September, 1982

FRP (From Page 29)
R LIKE A WAND, LEVITATE AT 10TH
LEVEL , PYROTECHNICS, POLYMORP
H SELF, TELEKINESE 4,000 GP WE
I6HT, OR GATE IN ANOTHER DEMON
OF TYPE I -1 1 1 WITH 30'/. SUCCESS

HIT ' G' " ;
740 PRINT"TO TRY A GATE, OR 'R'
TO RETURN TO THE MENU. "; :K*=INKE
Y* : GOSUB 1 040 : I FK*= " R " THEN50ELSEG
OSUB 1 030 : Z=RND ( 1 00 ) : I F Z >30THENPR
INT3234, "GATE FAILED" ;: GOSUB1000
: GOTO720

750 Z=RND(3):0NZ GOSUB760, 770, 78
0:PRINTS>236, X*; : GOSUB 1000: G0T072
0

760 X*="TYPE I " : RETURN

770 X*="TYPE II":RETURN

780 X*="TYPE III":RETURN

790 CLS: PRINTS) 10, "TYPE IV":PRINT

"AN UNCOMMON DEMON APPEARING IN
GROUPS OF 1-6. THESE NASTIES
ARE AC-1, 11 HD, MOVE AT 9/12,
GET 3 ATTACKS FOR 1-4/1-4/2-8,
AND ARE +2 TO HIT. THEY ARE
10.5' TALL, 657. MAGIC RESISTANT

800 PR I NT "VERY INTELLIGENT, AND
IT TAKES AT LEAST A +1 WEAPON T
0 HIT THEM. THEY CAUSE DARK

NESS WITH A 10' RADIUS AT WILL,
AND ONCE PER ROUND THEY CAN: C
RE ATE ILLUSION OR FEAR LIKE

THE WANDS, LEVI TATE AT 12TH LEVEL
, DETECT"

810 PRINT"OR DISPEL MAGIC, POLYM
ORPH SELF , " ; : GOSUB 1 000 : CLS : PR I NT
"TELEKINESE 5,000 GP WEIGHT, PRO
-JECT IMAGE, USE A SYMBOL OF FEA
ROR DISCORD, OR TRY TO OPEN A
GATE (60'/. CHANCE) FOR A SINGLE
DEMON OF TYPE I -IV. HIT 'R' TO

820 PR I NT "RETURN TO THE MENU, OR
' G' TO TRY OPENING A GATE. ":K
*= I NKE Y* : GOSUB 1 040 : I FK*= " R " THEN5
0ELSEGOSUB 1 030 : Z=RND<100) : IFZ>60
THENPR I NTS>234 , " GATE FA I LED " ; : GOS
UB1000:GOTO790

830 Z=RND(4):0NZ GOSUB470, 480, 49
0,500:PRINT5>236, X*; : GOSUB 1 000 : GO
TO790

840 CLS : PR I NT3 11," TYPE V":PRINT"

A RARE DEMON, THESE FEMALES ARE
7' TALL, WITH THE BODY OF A

HUGE SNAKE, AND A TORSO OF A WO-
MAN WITH SIX ARMS, ALL OF WHICH
USE WEAPONS. THEY APPEAR IN
GROUPS OF 1-6, ARE AC-7 ON THE"
850 PR I NT "SNAKE PORTION, -5 ON T
HE TORSO AND HEAD. THEY ARE 80

The RAINBOW Page 31

'/. MAGIC RESISTANT, OF HIGH INT
ELL I GENCE , AND IT TAKES AT LEAST
A +1 WE A- PON TO HIT THEM. THEY
GET 7 ATTACKS PER ROUND - ON
E WITH THETAIL FOR 2-8, AND SIX
WHICH VARY";

860 PR INT "DEPENDING ON THE TYPE
OF WEAPON. "; : GOSUB 1000: CLS: PRINT
"THEY HAVE 7+7 HD. WHENEVER DE-
SIRED, THEY CAUSE DARKNESS, 5'
RADIUS, CHARM PERSON, LEVITATE
AT 11TH LEVEL, READ LANGUAGES,
DETECT INVISIBLE OBJECTS, PYRO-
TECHNICS, POLYMORPH SELF
870 PR I NT "PROJECT IMAGE, OR TRY
TO OPEN A GATE (507. CHANCE) .
IF THE GATE OPENS, THE DEMON
THAT STEPSTHROUGH WILL BE A TYPE

I (30*/.), TYPE II (25*/.), TYPE II
I (157.), TYPE IV (15'/.), TYPE VI
(10%), ORA LORD OR PRINCE (5%).

" 5

880 PRINT"HIT 'R' TORETURN TO TH
E MENU, OR ' G' TO TRY A GATE."
: GOSUB1 040 : I FK*= " R " THEN50ELSEGOS
UB1030: IFZ>50THENPRINTS>234, "GATE

FA I LED " ; : GOSUB 1 000 : GOTO840
890 Z =RND ( 1 00 ) : I F Z >70THENGOSUB47
0ELSE I F Z >45THENGOSUB480ELSE I FZ >3
0THENGOSUB490ELSE I F Z > 1 5THENG0SUB
500ELSE I FZ >5THEN X *= " TYPE VI" ELSE
X*="LORD OR PRINCE"
900 PR I NT5>23 6 , X * ; : GOSUB 1 000 : GOTO
840

910 CLS : PR I NT® 11," TYPE VI": PRINT

"ONLY 6 OF THESE RARE DEMONS (2

EACH OF 3 SIZES) ARE KNOWN.

THEY ARE AC -2, MOVE AT 6/15

RATE, HAVE 8+8 HD, STAND 12'

TALL, ARE HIGHLY INTELLIGENT,
75'/. MAGIC RESISTANT, AND IT WIL

L";

920 PR I NT "TAKE A +1 OR BETTER WE
APON TO HIT THEM. THEY GET 1
ATTACK PERROUND, AND USE A +1 SW
ORD WHICH DOES 2-13 POINTS OF DA
MAGE. 2/30F THE TIME, HOWEVER,
THEY WILL CHOOSE TO SURROUND THE
MSELVES WITH FLAME AND USE THE
IR WHIP"

930 PR I NT "TO DRAG THE UNLUCKY IN
TO THE " : GOSUB 1 000 : CLS : PR I NT " F I RE
, WHERE THEY WILL TAKE DAM- AGE
DEPENDING ON THE SIZE OF THEDEMO
N - 2-12, 3-18, OR 4-24. ATWILL
, THESE DEMONS CAN: CAUSE DARK
NESS WITH A 10' RADIUS, FEAR";
940 PRINT "LIKE THE WAND, DETECT,
READ, OR DISPEL MAGIC, READ

LANGUAGES, DETECT INVISIBLE OBJEC

—Continued on Next Page

Page 32 The RAINBOW

FRP (From Page 31)
TS, PYRO- TECHNICS, SUGGESTION,

TELEK I NESE6 , 000 GP WEIGHT, OR US
E A SYMBOLOF FEAR, DISCORD, SLEE
P, OR STUN. THEY ALSO HAVE

A 707."

950 PR I NT "CHANCE OF OPENING A GA
TE FOR A TYPE III (80*/.), OR A T
YPE IV (20*/.). HIT 'R' TO RET

URN TO THEMENU, OR 'G' TO TRY A
GATE. "; :GOSUB1040: IFK*="R"THEN50
ELSEGOSUB 1 030 : I F Z >70THENPR I NT5>23
4 , " GATE F A I LED " ; : GOSUB 1 000 : G0T07
10

960 Z=RND ( 1 00) : IFZ >80THENGOSUB50
0EtSEGOSUB490

970 PR I NTS>236 , X * ; : GOSUB 1 000 : GOTO
910

980 GOTO980

990 CLS0: PRINT® 170, "RANDOMIZING"

1000 PRINTS>490, "HIT ANY KEY" ; : K*
= I NKEY*

1010 K*= I NKEY* : I FK*= " " THENX =RND (
0) :GOTO1010

1 020 SOUND 1 50 , 1 : RETURN
1030 CLS0: Z=RND(100) :PRINT5>106, "
GATE OPEN I NG " ; : FOR X = 1 TO2000 : NE X T
: RETURN

1 040 K*= I NKEY* : I FK*< > " R " ANDK*< > "
G" THEN 1040ELSESOUND 150, 1: RETURN

September. 1982

PUT, GET and Random Forms
Make For Unusual Graphics

F^C 1^*4 ir^

JL i

Color Computer Software Specialists
C. C- MAILER

C.C.Hailer uses dynaeic teiory allocation so the cassette
version Mill run in 16 or 32K with or without reserved
space for PTFX or whatever. Disk version holds 720
records and sorts on ZIP/Naie and cassette holds 90 to 290
records and sorts on naie. Search/Select routines in
Update, List, Extract, and Label functions. Four line
address allowed for those that need thee, holds phone
nuibers, and the disk version does a ZIP Code-State edit
so you can at least get close. The extract function lets
you write your own prograis for all or selected data.

Available w/C.C.HERBER fjr use with C.C. WRITER text files.
Writs for full product list and descriptions. Personal
checks art welcoie too!

C.C.Hultr-120, n/ C.C.Hirgir-$3S U6-32K Cai or 32k Disk)

TrtniTtk

194 Lockwood
Bl oomi ngdil m 9 IL

60108

The following program is another of those "pretty"
graphics creations which, if you will study it, shows some
very interesting ways to handle PUT, GET and random
graphics.

There are several different types of shapes which can be
repeated on the screen with this program, with colors,
backgrounds, and increments of the shapes chosen
randomly. But the main feature is the drawing of the figures
at an "angle" in the background and then PUTting it in the
middle of the screen straight up and down.

We believe this is one you will like if you are in to graphic
demonstrations in any way. /^s
The listing: \^\/

10 REM BY DAVID HARPE
20 REM ANY QUESTIONS SHOULD BE
30 REM DIRECTED TO ME AT:"
40 REM 113 MOHAWK , LOUISVILLE
50 REM 40214

60 REM PROGRAM STARTS HERE
70 SC=0:OC=1
80 S= 192/256

70 DIM 6 (50, 50) : SCREEN 0,0
100 CLS:60SUB 770
110 SCREEN 0,0:0=51
120 SS=22

130 SC=INT (2*RND (0) +1 ) : IF SC=2 T
HEN SC=1 ELSE SC=0
140 IF SC=0 THEN OC=l ELSE OC=0
150 PMODE 4,1:PCLS SC: COLOR OC
160 A=INT(7*RND(0)+1)
170 IF SS=A THEN 160 ELSE SS=A
180 JJ=INT(5*RND(0)+1) :KK=INT(10
*RND (0) +1 ) / 10: IF JJ<2 THEN 180 E
LSE JJ=JJ+KK

170 ON A GOSUB 350,410,440,510,5
50,650,710

200 LINE (0,0) -(50, 50) ,PSET,B
210 Y=0

220 GET (0,0)-(50,50) ,G,G

230 PMODE 4,1:PCLS SC: SCREEN 1,1

240 S=206/142

250 FOR X=0 TO 255 STEP Q

260 FOR Y=0 TO 172 STEP Q

270 PUT ( X , Y) - ( X+Q, Y+Q) , G, PSET

280 NEXT

270 NEXT

300 PUT ( (256/2) -25, (172/2) -25)-
( (256/2) +25, ( 172/2) +25) , G, PSET
310 LINE (0, 0)- (256, 172) , PSET, B
320 FOR U=l TO 2500: NEXT
330 LINE (0, 0)- (256, 172) , PSET, BF
340 GOTO 110

350 FOR X=l TO 50 STEP J J
360 LINE (X, 1)-(50,X) , PSET
370 LINE -(50-X,50) , PSET
380 LINE -(1,50-X) ,PSET
370 LINE -(X, 1 ) ,PSET

September, 1982

400 NEXT: RETURN
410 FOR X=l TO 25 STEP JJ
420 CIRCLE (25,25),X
430 NEXT: RETURN
440 LINE (1, 1)-(1, 1),PSET
450 FOR X=l TO 40
460 A=INT(50*RND(0)+1)
470 B=INT(50*RND(0)+1)
480 LINE -<A,B),PSET
490 NEXT
500 RETURN

510 FOR X=l TO 50 STEP JJ
520 LINE (X, l)-(50-X,50) ,PSET
530 LINE (1, X)-(50,50-X) , PSET
540 NEXT: RETURN
550 FOR X=l TO 50 STEP JJ
560 LINE (1, 1)-(25,X) ,

(50, 1)-(25,X)

(1, 1>-<X,2S> ,
(50, 1)-(X,25) ,
(1,50)-(25,X) ,
(50,50) -(25, X)
(1,50)-(X,25) ,
(50, 50) -(X, 25)
640 NEXT: RETURN
650 FOR X=l TO 50 STEP J J
660 LINE (50, 1)-(X, X) ,
670 LINE (1,50)-(X, X) ,
680 NEXT

690 LINE - (1,1), PSET

700 RETURN

710 FOR R=l TO 10

720 A=INT(45*RND(0)+1)

730 B=INT(45*RND(0)+1)

740 C=INT(10*RND(0)+1)

750 CIRCLE (A, B) ,C
760 NEXTR: RETURN

770 PRINT "RADIO SHACK COLOR COM

PUTER DEMO "

780 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT

790 PRINT "ORIGINAL PROGRAMMING

BY D.HARPE"

800 PRINT " AND CLEMSOFT

The RAINBOW

Page 33

570 LINE

580 LINE
590 LINE
600 LINE
610 LINE
620 LINE
630 LINE

1^1]

: I

810 RETURN

1
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Page 34 The RAINBOW September, 1982

ExIBMer (NOW RETIRED)
For the FIRST TIME - Makes available to the PUBLIC
His personal collection of superior programs for the

TRS-80 COLOR

SEE HOW THE PROFESSIONALS DO IT!!
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TALKING GRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION

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"This demonstration is MANDITORY. You and your CoCo deserve this program." *>*%m
Quote The Rainbow. S24.95T *

THE D ISK DOCTOR — Cure that sick feeling and utter frustration caused by CRASHED I/O
ERROR and UNREADABLE disks. Will SALVAGE M/L, BASIC, DATA, ASCII, even MPP Pictures. Menu driven for
easy use. 100% visable operation lets you see what you are doing. ^
Automatic SALVAGE to NEW disk. All in OPEN BASIC! $49,950 *

MPP-TUTORIAL — Programming tool of the professionals — "lets you EASILY create superior
graphics without using the tedious DRAW, PAINT, LINE, PSET, CIRCLE, etc. commands. I have seen the results,
and they are INCREDIBLE — If you want to see and use the full graphic
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September 1982

math

Educational Notts.,

f=MC*

Make The
Difficulty Level
Variable

By Steve Blyn
Rainbow Education Columnist

(Mr. Blyn, who teaches both exceptional and gifted children,
holds m o Master 's degrees in the field of education and has won
an award for the design of a computer program to aid
handicapped children. He and his wife, Cheryl, own Computer
Island.)

Have you ever received a learning program or game that
was great, but either too easy or too difficult for the child for
whom it was intended?

I have been disappointed by receiving several such games
and have wondered why the programmer didn't include,
when applicable, a choice of levels. This choice is referred to
as the MENU part of the program.

Is it always wise to use one ability level in a program to
satisfy even a small variety of kids? The ability levels of
similar aged children vary widely. Even the same child's
ability will alter as his strength increases in any skill.

Almost all elementary and many secondary schools have
levels or groups in some subject areas. This permits all
students to work at their appropriate level in that skill.
Usually, there are three levels. The largest group works on
the middle or current material. Another group does
remedial work and the third does advanced work on that
skill.

The program included gives an illustration of a MENU in
the skill of multiplication. The program is meant as a review
rather than a teaching model of multiplication. A true
teaching program would include only one level in depth and
be quite lengthy. It would include at least vertical format,
right to left input, and provision for indicating "carries." We
will assume that our subjects already have some knowledge
in the skill of multiplication.

Four levels were chosen to be used. The first tests only one
digit numbers. This is similar to Flash Card drill, but using
the computer makes it more exciting. The second tests two
and three digits times a one digit number. The third tests two
digits times two digits. This would most likely be similar to
the largest group. The last level (Super) tests advanced skills
of three digits times two and three digit numbers.

The program begins with the student entering his name
and choosing the level he wants to first work at. Ten random
examples will be given on this level. He will receive
immediate feedback to each. Almost every example will be
presented so that the second number (B) is smaller than the
first number (A). This was done to be consistent with the
way that multiplication is usually presented. The subject
may of course use pencil and paper to work out these
examples.

The RAINBOW Page 35

After the tenth example, he will get a report telling how
many right, how many wrong, as well as a grade. With 10
examples, you only have to keep track of the number of right
examples. The numnber wrong is 10 minus the rights and the
per cent is 10 times the rights. Following the report card, the
subject then chooses if he wants to go on or stop. Although
there is a choice here, I do not really consider this to be a
menu too. If he wants to go on, he is returned to the menu.
Here, he can select which level to go on with depending on
how he scored on the past 10 examples.

It's a pleasure that nobody need know what level you are
practicing at, unless someone is actually looking over your
shoulder. The computer won't tell. A child who is at the
easiest level can remain there as long as he needs to without
anyone being the wiser. This is a big benefit to the slower
child who is often ridiculed for using a simpler book. With a
menu, all are working on the same program, only at
different levels.

If you wish to use this program in any way that will help
your children, consider presenting the examples in vertical
format or adapting the ideas to other math or non-math
subjects.

10 * PRACTICE
20 * S. BLYN- 1982
30 * COMPUTER ISLAND
40 CLS0

50 PRINT5>0, STRING* (32, 246) ;
60 PRINTS)64, "WHAT IS YOUR NAME" ;
: INPUT N*

70 SOUND 120, 3: SOUND 100,3
80 PRINT5>128, STRING* (32, 246) ;

90 PRINTS 192, "THIS PROGRAM HAS M

ULTIPLCATION PRACTICE FOR -"N*

100 SOUND 200, 3: SOUND 160, 3

110 PRINT3288, STRING* (32, 246) ;

—Continued on Next Page

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Page 36 The RAINBOW

EDUCATION (From Page 35)
120 FOR T= 1 TO 200: NEXT T
130 PRINT3352, " WHICH LEVEL DO YO
U WANT TO USE- e=EASY m=MI D h=H
ARD s=SUPER"; : INPUT L*
1 40 SOUND30 , 3 : SOUND20 , 3
150 R=0

160 FOR Z= 1 TO 10
170 IF L*="S"THEN A=100+RND (400)
:B=10+INT(RND(A) /2)
180 IF L*="H" THEN A=10+RND (89) :
B=10+INT(RND(A) /2)

190 IF L*="M" THEN A=10+RND (800
) :B=RND(9)

200 IF L$="E" THEN A=RND (10) : B«R
ND(10)

210 IF L*<>"S"ANDL*<>"H"ANDL*<>"
M"ANDL*<>"E" THEN 100
220 SOUND 230,3

"A; "*"jBj "=

230 CLS1+RND(7)
240 PRINT366, "#"Z".

"; : INPUTW
250 IF W=AtB THEN PRINT5>236, " COR
RECT";:60T0 280

260 IF WOA*B THEN PRINTS>224, "SO
RRY , THE RIGHT ANSWER IS"A*B:GOTO
290

270 '*tt*$ R=R I BHT ANSWERS

280 R=R+l:FOR T= 1 TO 220 STEP 5

: SOUND T, 1 : NEXT: GOTO 310

290 FOR T= 1 TO 5 : SOUND 50, 2: N

EXT

300 PR I NTS290 , "PRESS < ENTER > TO
GO ON"; : INPUT E»
310 NEXT Z
320 CLS7

330 FOR X= 250 TO 10 STEP- 10: SO
UND X, 1:NEXT

340 PRINTS40, "REPORT CARD FOR " ;
350 PRINT© 108, N*?
360 PRINTS169, "# RIGHT = " R;
370 PRINT5>233, "# WRONG = ";10-R;
380 PRINTS326, "YOUR GRADE IS ";R
$10; "'/." i

390 PRINTS448, "DO YOU WANT TO TR

: I NPUT T*
THEN CLS:GOTO80

■

Y AGAIN (y/n) ";
400 IF T*="Y"

410 CLS : PR I NT " BYE FOR NOW ! " : END

Software Review...

Random Basic Is Fine
FLEX System For The 80C

When you go with an operating system such as FLEX,
you have an opportunity to load in different computer
languages and utilities. One of those can be BASIC itself.

Random Basic is an extremely flexible Basic language
which you can use with FLEX. We will start right off by
saying that it does not have any of the graphic commands
which you get with Color Basic. But it does have a number of
other things which are part of the system that make using it

September, 1982

very easy and enjoyable.

With the exception of the graphic commands, this is a
more-than full-feature Basic. It does have some of the things
that Color Basic is missing, such as error trapping and
automatic line numbering. Certainly, there are a number of
utilities available f or auto numbering, but they are separate,
even if in machine language. Random Basic has this feature
as a part of its primary system. In other words, you do not
have to load in something else.

Another thing we like a great deal about Random Basic is
its use of variables. While Color Basic allows only the first
two letters to be unique (that is, a variable named "THAT" is
seen as the same as a variable named "THIS"), Random
Basic allows six-letter uniqueness. If you are the sort who
likes variables to be actual words, this can go a long way.

Yes, Virginia, there is an editor. It works somewhat the
same as Color Basic's editor does, in that it is a line editor,
and, while not having all the subcommands of Color Basic,
it does have more than enough to do the job.

In our opinion, the single best feature of Random Basic,
however, is the debugging tools it offers. Instead of lising a
line and an error, and making you search for it, Random
Basic displays the line and points a little arrow at the place
where your mistake shows up. This is in addition to the error
message, although the "messages" are numbers rather than
alphabetical codes.

Another attractive function is use of "DO"as acommand.
This allows you to go into your FLEX disk operating
system, perform a disk operation, and return to Basic. It is
something like the "SYSTEM" command on Model 16
Basic.

Also, there are housekeeping functions such as
"DIGITS", "LINE" and "PAGE" that allow print
formatting. DIGITS is especially useful, since it will allow
you to specify the number of digits to be printed to the right
of a decimal point. Once this is entered, it remains in effect
until it is changed. A sort of universal PRINT USING!

LINE lets you specify the number of characters in a line,
and will keep words and numbers from breaking up. PAGE,
combined with SKIP, will give you a neat top-of-form
command. PAGE simply sets a number of lines you want
printed on a page and counts that down every time there is a
line feed. This means you can skip over perforations in your
printer paper with ease.

Random Basic also has a f ull range of disk commands and
a neat extra called FLIST that lists the files stored on the
disk. The format of this is much different from a directory,
so you can usually get the entire list on the screen at one time
(especially with the optional screen displays FLEX can use).

There are a couple of restrictions to Random Basic not
found in Color Basic. Line numbers, for instance, may only
be in a range f rom 1 to 9999 and a line may not contain more
than 128 characters. Multiple statements on a line are
permitted, however.

Our only other complaint was the momentary difficulty in
transferring Random Basic to the FLEX system disk we
were using. The instructions in an otherwise extremely well-
written manual were not very complete. However, we would
feel anyone with a FLEX system would be able to handle
this on their own with little trouble.

Being used to mainf rame Basics which are quite limited in
scope and figuring Random Basic, as a FLEX program,
might follow that line, we were very surprised and pleased to
find such an excellent Basic. If you have FLEX, this is a fine
Basic to add to your software capabilities.

(Computerware, Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024, $75)

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 37

THE GREAT PUMPKIN ADVENTURE

GREAT FUN FOR HALLOWEEN PARTIES

ADULTS AND KIDS ALIKE WILL ENJOY THIS BEWITCHING

ADVENTURE GAME

COLORSOFT™ PUMPKIN ADVENTURE: ONLY $16.95
(requires 16K Ext. BASIC and Joysticks)

BONUS: THE FIRST 500 PERSONS TO ORDER WILL RECEIVE

A FREE CASSETTE CADDY WORTH $6.99
(see caddy ad in this issue)

COLOR SOFTWARE SERVICES
P.O. BOX 1708
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401

Visa and Mastercard Accepted

Page 38

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

The GameMaster's Apprentice . . .

Let's Venture Into The World Of Let's Pretend

By Bob Albrecht and George Firedrake

Rainbow Contributing Editors

Let's Pretend

Let's pretend. Let's go adventuring in a world of
imagination where magic works and great deeds can be
done. Let's explore, overcome adversity, solve problems,
and garner fame, glory, and fortune. Let's play a fantasy role
playing game.

A role playing game is a game in which one or more
players create and control characters (adventurers) who live
their imaginary lives in a specially made game world. The
game world is created, managed, and operated by a game
master, also called a referee, adventure master, or dungeon
master.

A role playing game is an interaction between players who
operate (run) characters, and a game master, who runs the
world in which the adventures occur. Most of the play is
verbal exchange. The players tell the game masterwhat their
characters want or intend to do. The game master then tells
them if they can or may do it or, if not, why not and what
might happen instead.

Rule Systems

Most people who play role playing games use a formal
system of rules. Some of the best known fantasy game rule
systems are listed below.

Dungeons & Dragons From TSR Hobbies, P.O. Box
756 Lake Geneva, WI 53147

RuneQuest From Chaosium, P.O. Box 6302, Albany,
CA 94706

Tunnels & Trolls From Flying Buffalo, P.O. Box
1467, Scottsdale, AZ 85252

Worlds of Wonder From Chaosium, P.O. Box 6302,
Albany, CA 94706

BEGINNERS BEWARE! Most rulebooks are very difficult
to understand. Some are almost incomprehensible. If you
are a beginner, first try Tunnels & Trolls or Worlds of
Wonder.

Game Master's Apprentice

Role playing games are usually played by people sitting
around a large table. As you walk into the game area, you
see people obviously have a good time. Curious, you
approach.

The players interact animatedly. Then a player asks a
question of the game master. Play stops while she digs out
the appropriate rule book. After some time, she answers,
" I M \\ HmH» VJ. "play resumes, then stops again while rule
books are consulted. You notice that much time is spent
flipping pages in numerous rule books. Slowly, an idea
forms in your mind. Then . . . AHA! . . . EUREK! . . . I'VE
GOT IT! Why not use the Color Computer as a. . .

* Data Base Management System

* Management Information System

* Game Master Information System

it 9 9 9

™ ■ ■ ■

Call it what you will. We call it "GameMaster's
Apprentice." In this series, we will surely, but slowly,
explore how to use the Color Computer to help manage a
fantasy world such as Dungeons & Dragons, RuneQuest,
Tunnels & Trolls, or Worlds of Wonder.

Our programs will work best with Worlds of Wonder. We
encourage you to get the boxed set from Chaosium, P.O.
Box 6302, Albany, CA 95706 ($16 plus $2 postage and
handling).

During the next few months, we will explore the following
stuff:

* The Mysterious and Unpredictable RND

* GameMaster's Dice

* Looking up stuff in files. First, files of information
in DATA statements and arrays. Next, cassette files.
Eventually, files on floppy disks.

* Whatever else comes to mind or is suggested to you.

We assume you are a beginner or near beginner or maybe
an early intermediate. All you need to know is what you
learned in reading Radio Shack's Getting Started with
Color BASIC or (blush) Bob Albrecht's TRS-80 Color
BASIC. Both of these are beginner's books.

We love to get letters. You can influence what we write. So
write to us: George & Bob, P.O. Box 310, Menlo Park, CA
94025. If you want a reply, enclose a self -addressed, stamped
envelope.

(Bob Albrecht and George Firedrake have been writing
about computers and Basic programming for many years.
They are the authors of "TRS-80 Color Basic"

(Copyright © 1982 by DragonQuest, P.O. Box 310, Menlo Park, CA
94025. Portions of "GameMaster's Apprentice "are from a bodk-in-
progress called Adventurer's Handbook: A Beginner's Guide to
Role Playing Games).

R - S _ COLOR DISK SYSTEM
SOFTWARE

DISK EDI TOR/ ASSEMBLER - This package includes a full featured disk based text
editor program and a disk to d lsk/t ape/memory assembler. The text editor is an
easy to learn full featured editor which allows files larger than fflMiory to be
created and edited with ease. It is compatible with ASCII formatted tape 1
disk files to allow easy conversion of tape based programs. The assembler
supports the full 68G9 processor instruction set and will cross assemble
cede to 6809 object cede. The output object file can be directed to either
diski tape or memory with overwrite protection. The object listing can be
output to the screen or printer and versions for printers with or without line
feeds are provided. DISK EDITOR & ASSEMBLER «79.93

DISK TERMINAL PACKAGE - A disk based Terminal program for your color computer
features full text buffering, baud rates from 300 to 9600 baud, programable
word length, parity bits odd/even/none, stop bits. The buffer size is
automatically set to the maximum size of your memory. Full control codes can
be sent, display word wrap is automatic. The text buffer can be saved or
leaded from/to tape or disk. The contents of the buffer can be sent as a file
Hith automatic re-entry to terminal mode, also a file can be sent directly from
disk to another user. The contents of the buffer can be displayed on the
screen or optionally be output to a printer plugged into the RS 232 port. All
file formats are directly compatible with our text editor and word processor
programs. DISK TERMINAL PACKAGE *49. 93

TEXTPRO I DISK TEXT EDITOR/WORD PROCESSOR - is a complete word processing
system designed for easy learning arid use. It features a disk based text
editor for editing files larger than memory and direct processing of text files
from disk or memory. Some of the editor commands includei copy, move, search,
replace, delete, line A automatic edit modes allow easy logical commands to
add, change, insert, delete, skip up/down line, ignore changes made on last
line, skip to begin/end of line all with easy single keystroke commands using
arrow keys. The editer can also load, save and append tape or disk files for
easy conversion of existing ASCII text files. The Word Processor includes over
29 command* for formatting th* output, some of them include: page length, page
mode on/off, page numbers on/off, left margin, top/bottom margin, line length,
center, double width print, single, multiple I special indent, test lines left
on page, skip to top of page, send control codes I a.sci i data for special
printer control, justify on/off, page heading, multiple footnotes per page,
word fill mode on/off, send message to screen, display I input from keyboard
and more. This is an excellent word processor with many advanced features and
one of the easiest to learn and use in just minutes. All commands are
logically oriented in easy to remember and associate 2 character commands.

DISK TEXTPRO I »49. 95

TEXTPRO II TEXT EDITOR/ WORD PROCESSOR - Includes all the features of TEXTPRO I
plus: 18 programable tab stops, can be used with horizontal tab to next
location, center over tab col umri, decimal allignment on tab column, right
justify to tab column, tab to programed column. Also tab commands can use
specific values for tab columns or programmed values. Other additions include:
character fill, right justify line, programable footer can be centered /right
justified/double width or almost any processor commands can be used with it, 3
programable header lines, expanded footnotes and processable keyboard input
data during word processing. DISK TEXTPRO II .... »79.93

WMHtettMAiMw CER-COMP M 0n*o SM»M« frm Stock •

LflVtpt.Mfn4.Hiio (702) 402-0632 M<sin pmihi-mc/viuamsx

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 39

RAINBOW CONNECTION SOFTWARE presents .

ICTIONS

Get Ready For 16 Weeks of NFL Action on Your Color Computer! ! !
Amaze Your Friends With Your Armchair-Quarterbacking of All the Games!

CHECK THESE IMPORTANT FEATURES:

• Simple, menu-driven selection of schedules, ratings, predictions or results by
team or week, plus division races — seven different types of reports available
each week.

Easy once-a-week entry of scores — no hard-to-find stats or spreads needed.

Predicts all games for remainder of season after each score update.

Calculates projected won-loss record for any point in season.

Maintains home field advantage rating and power rating for each team
throughout season. '•

Set up new season for years of enjoyment.

Two-tape set prevents accidental erasure of program or data — fast loads.

Printer optional (recommended) for dazzling spread sheets and schedules.
Enhanced printouts available on most printers.

Current data supplied with order (promptly).

Memory saving byte-mapping eliminates costly arrays — 32K compacted to

16K.

Include $2 shipping
Minnesota residents add 5% tax
Dealer inquiries invited

16K Extended Basic Required
2 Tape Cassette $19.95

RAINBOW CONNECTION SOFTWARE
3514 6th Place N.W.
Rochester, MN 55901

Not Affiliated With The RAINBOW

Page 40

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

COLOR SALES FILE

A Business program for the
C.C. Keeps inventory for 125
items in 16K, or 350 in 32K. Both
versions $21.88

PACKMAZE

Eat dots, avoid the
monsters. Super fast graphic
arcade fun. Machine
language. $16.95

BUG CHASE

Robotics or you. Great
graphics and music. One or
two player ... or robot mode.
32K ONLY (Ext.) $15.55

SHIP WRECK

Perils aplenty in this
Adventure. Can you escape?
There are even treasures to be
Touna, it you live mai long, i ok
and up _ $14.95

j ■

GEO-STUDIES

Educational/Arcade. USA,
Canada, Europe, Australia,
and . . . NEW . . . Central
America.

NEW LOWER PRICE

d& $9.95 each

WORDCC7D

The popular "easy" text
processing program goes
DISK. $24.95
iape version v>iv.v&

. . . September Special . . .

This month only, get the fantastic ML RABBIT for only $9.95! Take advantage of
this LOW price NOW!!

Sea Battle $14.95 Dancing Devil $14.95
Missile Barrage $14.95 Lunar Lander $15.95
Boxcars $14.95 War Kings $19.95

/#*\ DSL COMPUTER PRODUCTS

VDSL/ P '°' BOX 1113 " DEARBORN ' Ml 48121 " (313) 582 - 3406 \DSL/

ALWAYS LOOKING FOR GREAT COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE /f^\
ADD $1 SHIPPING AND HANDLING - MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4%

Stop Straining The Connectors

RS-232
SWITCHER 25*

Up to three items connect to
your 232 port. Flig switch for
different items ana leave the
plugs alone.

$3995

TWO PLUG MODEL
$2995

COPY CAT

The ULTIMATE Tape Backup

Program

Make a backup of "ANY"
tape-based software. Even
those popular pre-loader
programs. $19.95

ADD POWER TO YOUR
COLOR COMPUTER

RAM SLAM ™

— Solderless Kits —

4-1 6K $25.00
16-32K $49.95
4-32K $74.95

15 Minute Installation
One Year Warranty

"The Easy Way To More K"

MAILING LABELS I

480 Tractor feed single
labels with "Mail List" Basic
program listing. Great for
clubs. $5.95

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 41

Ping-Pong International
Game For People and 80C

By Wolfgang Hryzak

Ping-Pong has been a game of international interest for a
number of years, so I thought I would submit a Ping-Pong
game to the RAINBOW to share this international spirit
with the Color Computer.

The game, while in BASIC and a bit slow, is a variation of
the PONG game which has been so popular. It requires two
players, each with their own joystick and they can move
their paddles up and down in this way.

The "ball" bounces off the paddles, of course, but also
bounces off the "walls" of the screen. As in the original
arcade game, if it hits in a corner, you may have to do quite a
bit of angle-judging.

Those with Color Computers which cannot accept the
"Speedup Poke" should remove it in Line 7Q. If your
computer can accept this, then the game will run a little
faster.

For those who do not know the German language, a few
notes will probably be helpful (Editor's Note: We have left
the instructions in German to retain the game's flavor.).

In Line 50, "SCH WIERIGKEITSGR AD" means
"LEVEL" in English; in Line 60 "ERSTER" means
"FIRST 1 ' and "ZWEITER" means "SECOND, "
"SPIELER" translates to "PLAYER."

The word "ERGEBNISLISTE" in Line 340 translates
"LIST OF PLAYS" while "SPIEL" means "GAME." Line
370's instruction "JPYSTK TAUSCHEN" is
"EXCHANGE THE JOYSTICK" and, finally, Line 390's
"HAT GEWONNEN" means "HAS WON."

The 80C is beginning to make some inroads into the
Austrian and European market after a slow start and I look
forward to continuing to read about its progress in the
RAINBOW.

The Listing:

10 GOTO 500

20 * WOLFGANG HRYZAK

BAHNSTRASSE 48
A-2230 GAENSERNDORF
AUSTRIA

30 M*= " L402FB-03CL2DL8CCCCL4C02 A
L2F"

40 T*= "PI NG-PONG " : CLS0: PR I NT 5)1 , "
VON WOLFGANG HRYZAK AUSTRIA " ;
:LL*=STRING*<28, 144) :Q=14:A=18:G
OSUB440:FORYY=1TO 2: SOUND 50, 1:F
0RX=258T0277 : PR I NTdX , T$; : G0SUB45
0:NEXTX: SOUND 200, 1 : F0RX=277T025
8STEP-1 : PRINT3X , T*; : GOSUB450: NEX
TX, YY

50 LL*=LL*+STRING*<2, 144) : G0SUB4
80:PRINTS)0, " ******** ";T*; H
******* •'; :PRINT5)258, " " ; : INPUT"
SCHW I ER I GKE I TSGR AD (1 - 9)";G:G0
SUB480:IF G< 1 THEN G=l ELSE IF G
>9 THEN G=9

60 PR I NT3258 , " " ; : I NPUT " ERSTER S
PIELER

LS*=LEFT* ( LS* , 7 ) : PR I NT3290 , " " ; : I
NPUT"ZWEITER SPIELER ";RS*:RS*=R

—Continued on Next Page

RICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE

QUALITY' PROGRAMS FOR YOUR 80C

AIL ItK IXTlNCrtO UIIC TAPI UNUSt OTNIBWIH HOTtO

SEPTEMBER SPECIALS

FOR BACK-TO-SCHOOL
10% OFF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
TAKE 1 0% OFF PRICES SHOWN

NEW THIS MONTH

Preread 1, 2 & 3

These have been designed to meet the needs of
parentsand teachers having children just beginning
to read.

PRE RE AD 1 presents the names of the letters of the
alphabet auditorially (by voice on the tape) and asks
the learner to press the letter on the keyboard which
corresponds to thatt letter name.
PREREAD 2 presents the sounds of the letters of
the alphabet (also by voice) and asks the learner
to find the correct letter on the keyboard. The
sounds are presented alone and in the context of
familiar words. (Fo»r example, "Find the letter that
says /mmm/ in the work /man/.")
PREREAD 3 flashes letters visually (at speeds you
select) and then requires the learner to find those
letters on the keyboard.

These programs heive been developed by a practicing
educator in answer to problems which plague
teachers of children who cannot read. The dimen-
sion of voice from the T.V. monitor adds excitement
and realism!

PREREAD 1 , 2 it 3 are sold only as a Prereading
package. Each program comes on a separate tape,
with complete instructions. $24.95

Mathpac I #?

Finally! A totally flexible, menu-driven set of elemen-
tary math programs for the color computer! MATH-
PAC I, developed and tested by an elementary
teacher in his own classroom, allows the user to
choose the operation (H — */), difficulty level, number
of problems, and a drill or testing format. This pro-
gram employs sound educational principles, and
even includessuggestionsf or classroom use.$1 9.95

Song book

The Big, BIG, 80C Songbook — The words and Play
Statements for over 200 of your favorites. Old songs,
new songs, children's songs, hymns, patriotic songs,
classical songs, college songs, Christmas songs, and
more. These lovely arrangements will provide hours of
enjoyment. You also get the songbook on tape; a two
volume set of tapes containing four music programs.
Just select the song you want by number, and the title
will appear on the screen while the song plays. Sing
along with the special arrangements created just for
your color computer. Book and tapes together are just
$29.95 + $2.00 shipping.

Your Personal check is welcome - no delay. Include
$1.50 shipping for each program ordered. (Shipping
free on $50.00 or larger orders). Az. residents add 4%
sales tax. Ord ers shipped within two days.

At your local 'dealer, or send order to:

PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE

9822 E£. Stella Road
Tucson, Arizona 85730
(602) 886-1505

Page 42 The RAINBOW

PING (From Page 41)

S*+ n " : RS*=LEFT* ( RS* , 7) : G

OSUB480

70 POKE 65495, 0:AN=RND( 10) : IF AN
<=5 THEN GOSUB 470 ELSE GOSUB 46
0:GOSUB 470

80 Q=INT(15-G/2) : A=Q+G:0=Q:L=A:Y
B=l: XB=1 :D=0: DD=1

90 GOSUB440 : D«0 : RP=0 : LP=0 : PRINTS
2,LL*; :PRINT30,LS*;LIP; :PRINTS>16,
RS*;RP; : GOSUB440

100 FOR AN=1TO100: NEXTAN: D=D+1:F
OR AN=1T08: SOUNDAN*30, 1 : NEXTAN: Y
=10: X=RND ( 20 ) +2 1 : XB=ABS ( XB )
110 IF D<6 OR (D>10ANDD<16) OR <
D>20ANDD<26) OR (D>30AND D<36)TH
EN GOTO 130
120 XB=-XB
130 SET(X,Y,8)

140 J0=JOYSTK(0) : Jl=JOYSTK(l ) : J2

=J0YSTK(2) : J3=J0YSTK<3)

150 IF JK20 THEN GOSUB 400 ELSE

IF Jl>45 THEN GOSUB 410
160 IF J3<20 THEN GOSUB 420 ELSE

IF J3>45 THEN GOSUB 430
170 RESET (X,Y)
180 X=X+XB
190 Y=Y+YB

200 IF (Y>3 AND Y<30) THEN 240
210 IF X<3 THEN 280 ELSE IF X>61
THEN 300

220 IF POINT <X,Y+1) THENSOUND 12

September, 1982

0,1: YB=-YB: GOTO 190

230 IF POINT (X,Y) THENSOUND 120,

1 : YB=-YB: GOTO 190

240 IF X<2 THEN 280 ELSE IF X>61
THEN 300

250 IF POINT <X+1,Y> THENSOUND 12

0, 1: XB=-XB:GOTO 180

260 IF POINT <X,Y) THENSOUND 120,

1: XB=-XB:GOTO 180

270 RESET (X, Y) : GOTO 130

280 SOUND 200,5:RP=RP+1:PRINTS>24

,RP;:IF RP>20 AND < (RP-LP) >2) THE

N 320

290 IF RP>20 THEN GOTO 490ELSE G
OTO 100

300 SOUND 50,5:LP=LP+1:PRINTS>8,L
P;:IF LP>20AND < (LP-RP) >2) THEN
320

310 IF LP>20 THEN GOTO 490 ELSE
GOTO 100

320 IF DD=2 OR DD=4 THEN GOSUB 4
60

330 IF LP>RP THEN LA=LA+1 ELSE R
A=RA+1

340 CLS:PRINT n ERGEBNISL

ISTE 11 : PR I NT : DD$ ( DD ) =STR

*<LP)+ M : 11 +STR$ ( RP ) : PR I NT 11

" ;LS*; n : " ; RS*: PRINT: FOR X=
1TO DD: PRINT X". SPIEL n ;DD*<X>:
NEXT: DD=DD+1

350 FOR AN=1TO3000: NEXTAN: I FDD=6

TRICTLY
LOR

FTWARE

P.O. BOX 382
WEST POINT, PA 19486

THE WAIT IS OVER!

Do you envy the wall of wargames for the Bleep Computer?
Are your fingers tired from twiddling a joystick?
Do you wish you could exercise your mind?

You need MISSION:EMPIRE
MISSION:EMPIRE! for disk or cassette $19.95'

A strategic wargame. Starting with one planet, incomplete intelligence and limited
resources, you must conquer the rest of your galaxy. The game takes 2-5 hours and is
DIFFERENT EVERY TIME! Both versions offer the option of saving a game in progress.

Send check, money order or MasterCard/Visa number (including expiration date and SIGN order).
Specify disk or cassette version. Both are shipped on cassette (to get the program on disk add
$3.00). Price includes shipping. PA residents include 6% sales tax.

*Requires Color Computer (®Tandy Corp.) with 32K, Extended Basic and cassette or disk.

To introduce you to our game and to SCS, if your order is postmarked before Oct. 1,

the game will only cost you $15.95.

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 43

THEN GOTO 380 ELSE CLS0: GOSUB440
360 IF DD=2 OR DD=4 THEN GOSUB 4
60

370 IF DD<6 THENFOR AN=1TO1000:N
EXTAN: PRINT3257, " JOYSTK TAUSCHE
N 11 5 :FOR AN=1TO5000: NEXTAN: G0SUB4
70: GOTO 90

380 IF LA>RA THEN G*»LS* ELSE G*
=RS*

390 POKE 65494,0: PRINT: PRINT: PRI
NT" ^G*;" HAT GEWONNEN ! ! ! " : PLA
Y M*:FOR AN=1T0 3000: NEXTAN : PR IN
T: END

400 IF 0=4 THEN RETURN ELSE RESE
T(61,L) :0=0-l:L=L-l:SET<61,0,3> :
RETURN

410 IF L=29 THEN RETURN ELSE RES
ET (61 , O) : 0»0+l : L=L+1 : SET (61 , L, 3)
: RETURN

420 IF Q=4 THEN RETURN ELSE RESE
T(3, A) :Q=Q-1: A=A-1 : SET (3, Q, 3) : RE
TURN

430 IF A=29 THEN RETURN ELSE RES
ET(3,Q) :Q=Q+1: A=A+1:SET(3, A, 3) :R
ETURN

440 FORY=3TO31:SET(0, Y,2) : SET (63
, Y, 2) : NEXTY: FORI=Q TOA: SET (3, I , 3
) : SET (61, 1,3) : NEXTI : F0RX=1T062: S
ET(X,3,2) : SET (X, 31, 2) : NEXTX : RETU
RN

450 FOR TI = 1TO30:NEXT TI:PRINTa>2
58, LL*; : RETURN

460 SP=LP : LP»RP : RP=SP : SS*=LS* : LS
*=RS*: RS*=SS*: RETURN
470 PRINTS>289,LS*; " BEGINNT DAS
SPIEL";: FOR AN*1TO1800: NEXTAN
480 FOR X=0TO 3:PRINTa>225+X*32,L
L*; :PRINT5>223+X*32,CHR*(149> ; :NE
XTX: RETURN

490 FOR AN»1TO100:NEXTAN:D=D+1:F
OR AN=1T08: SOUNDANf 30, 1 : NEXTAN: Y
=10: X=RND (20) +21 : XB=ABS ( XB) : IF D
/2=INT(D/2)THEN GOTO 120 ELSE GOT
O 130

500 PCLEAR2:PMODE0:GOTO30

Look For

The,

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

Software Review...

Jungle Treck Is A
Unique Game Offering

What appeals to us about Jungle Treck is not those drums
. . . drums . . . drums at the beginning of the program, but the
way it handles a game in a new and different sort of way.

The object of the game is to get from where the 80C places
you in the jungle to your home base. Or, rather, to get there
before the lions get you. As in the real jungle (we guess, we
have never been to the jungle), the lions keep popping up all
around and you have to steer a path through them.

All of this is done on the high-res screen and its is
sometimes a little hairy to find the mane (sorry) route. You
have to dodge between all these lions, and more of them
appear up all the time. At the end of the safari, you get a
score and the high score for the game to date is retained by
the 80C.

We like Jungle Treck for two reasons. First of all, unlike
many games in BASIC, there is no feeling of slowness. The
joysticks (which are used to make your way) respond
quickly and accurately. And, the pace of the game is such
that you really are operating in real time.

Second, this seems a nice alternative to shoot-'em-up
games and is easy enough for younger children to not only
play but derive quite a bit of enjoyment. It is certainly
challenging enough not to be simple, but not so hard (or
requiring so much eye-hand coordination) as to be
frustrating.

We like Jungle Treck and believe you will, too.
(Jarb Software, 1169 Florida Street, Imperial Beach, CA
92032, $14.95 plus $2 shipping)

ANTECO SOFTWARE. . .A
NEW DIMENSION FOR
YOUR COLOR COMPUTER!

Page 44

Software Review.

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

Color Zap Is Powerful
Utility For Disk Owners

There is nothing quite like a disk. For ease of use, fast and
accurate storage, and easily-accessed data, they can't be
beat.

That is, until something goes wrong. Then, you can just
stare and stare at your disk and wonder how to really see
what is on that thing.

Color Zap is a powerful program that allows you to see
what is on the disk, modify it, and, if possible, recreate it.
Menu-driven, Color Zap is extremely easy to use and well
documented.

The primary purpose of Color Zap is to look at the sectors
on a disk. Finding the proper sector is easy, because you
merely enter a number for the track and sector or, if you do
not know where the file is, you can simply enter the file
name. Once you have found a file, you can go through it,
byte by byte and inspect the contents.

This, alone, is excellent. It allows you to see just how your
disk works and what the drive does when it is instructed to
save a program or data. But there is more, because Color
Zap also allows you to modify a file.

This modification ability can save you a great deal of time.
If, f or instance, there is one piece of data in a file what needs
a small modification, it might be easier to make that
modification on the disk than to reload the program,
manipulate the file and then re-file the data. You have to be
careful doing this sort of thing, but it can be a real bonus.

Since this sort of task can cause trouble, Color Zap allows
you to make another copy of the file without destroying the
old one. And, if you like, it will even zero out all the data in a
file to let you start over.

Additionally, Color Zap, like other programs of this sort,
will allow you to recover files you may have killed by

HARMONYCS

P.O. KM 1573
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH

•4110-1 S7J *?

QAMEtrri (4K) %1M ~«
Trir** gam** on on* ca***tt* FRENZY ■ vocabulary buikftng wort)
0*m*. MASTER COOE fe Mc* Mattar Mmd (tm). S£VE»~£tEVEM
la a die* oama of akin and chanc*. 0

MONEY MINDER N (1«0 M M rl
Mort*yMtad*rHtoaea«**tt*ba**dp*f*on*l financa program. Up
to 56 uaar d*ftn*bt* budgat catagoriat. Printout capability. Manu
driv*n~**ay to us*. (4K version avail* bi* - $7.96) tff^ |

PRESCHOOL PAK (16K EXTENOED BASIC) $6,66 «S

Two praacnoolar t**mlng gam** on on*e«***tt*. ****** u**of
resolution graphic* and aound. Tno k Ida Ihtnfc it's a fun gam*. (Mian

COtORHYTHM (16K EXTENOED BASIC) $6.66

Btornythmt for tha Color Computar. Exo*tt*nt us* of hf-raa
graphics. Plots your 15 day biorhylhma. 4ftA

Wm (16K EXTENOED BASIC) $6.66

S**i-lh* fortun* tailing computer u*** data that you input lo <
min* a character reading for you. You might be *urprt*Mfl

TEE-SHIRT i 7.^5

Sizea S.M.L. XL Pt*a*e specify. (Allow 3 to 6 weeks for delivery]
Atoo specify red or blue on while tee-shirt.

AN programs supplied on
cassette end shipped post-
paid. Foreign orders pi****
adjust price* for *xchang*
rata to U.S. dollars. Sorry,
no COO.

mistake. That is because your disk operating system does
not erase a file when you kill it, it merely "removes" the file
name from the directory, thus freeing up the space for use
later. If you can go into the disk and remove the code that
shows a file has been killed, the file comes back to life again.

Documentation for Color Zap is well and attractively
done. It gets a bit technical here and there, but this sort of
manipulation is a bit technical, too. There isn'tanything left
out, it just requires some concentration.

Color Zap also provides its share of help, such as
conversion of hexadecimal and decimal numbers.

A good offering.

(Software Options Inc., 19 Rector Street, New York, NY
10006, $49.95 plus $3 shipping and handling.)

Software Review...

Wisdom Abounds In
These Three Programs

There are other ways of "telling" the future than
biorhytms. And older ways, as well. Three programs offered
either separately or as a package called Ancient Wisdom
Trilogy will certainly give you a wide choice of advice on any
question.

It was the Egyptians who developed the Tarot, which
combine numbers, astrology and geometric forms to make
up a deck of 78 cards whichattempt to discover information
on how nature plays a part in your life.

The Chinese developed the I Ching, or Book of Changes.
Again using numbers and forces of nature, the I Ching is
cast" with yarrow stalks or coins. These are then translated
into hexagrams, which have various meanings.

Numerology is, at least partially, founded in the Kabalah,
a sect of Judiasm. Kabalaists believe that all words can be
reduced to numbers (this is easier in Hebrew, since all the
letters have numeric value — sort of an early ASCII) and that
the numbers have significance.

Each of the three programs in the Ancient Wisdom
Trilogy addresses one of these systems. All are used roughly
the same way, in that you can ask for general information or
frame a question you wish to have answered. Using the
various means of the three "fortunetelling" systems, you will
get an answer.

We have a nodding acquaintence with all three systems
and found the programs easy and entertaining to use. Each
employs an automatic start (with the Auto Run utility from
Sugar Software) and utilizes some machine language
subroutines to make things go more quickly. Most
impressive was the manner in which the programs actually
gave their "readings" in the context of the particular system
being used.

All three programs come with an explanation of how the
particular system works, which makes them something of a
learning experience as well. Since all three systems are
widely known, there are a number of books available on
them. This is particularly so with the I Ching, which has a
whole Book of Changes to interpret the castings.

If you are curious as to what the future holds, you might
consider consulting these modern versions of ancient
wisdom. In addition, any of them would be a hit at any
party. Because some of the machinations with cards, coins
and the like can take some time, you can get the answers fast
by allowing the 80C to do the tedious stuff while you (and
your friends) enjoy the answers.

(Prickly-Pear Software, 3518 S. Randi Place, Tucson,
AZ 85730, Tarot $17.95; / Ching $16.95; Numerology
$14.95 or all three for $39.95, plus $1.50 shipping each)

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 45

PROGRAfll

Color

Space War

From Spectral Associates

You command the last combat Viper, and must break
through the defenses of the Death Star while avoiding
the pull of gravity of the Black Hole. Watch out for
space mines and enemy ships. Extended BASIC not
required. Joysticks.

16K Tape, $21.95

Cosmic
Super Bowl

Galloping
Gamblers

By Fred Scerbo
From Illustrated Memory Banks
Exciting racetrack game for 1 to 4 players. Each
player gets $100 to bet. There are 4 horses in each of
12 races; odds are posted at the bottom of the screen
for each. The outcome of the race cannot be
predicted. At the end of the race, the computer
awards wins or losses. No joystick required; one
player must enter Information at the keyboard. Ex-
tended BASIC required.

16K Tape, $18.95

Cocobug

Debugging Monitor for
TRS-80 Color Computers

By Allen Gelder From Allen Gelder Software
COCOBUG is a compact monitor program. "With
COCOBUG you may examine RAM and ROM In hex-
adecimal, ASC II or mixed hex and ASC II form. In ad-
dition, the powerfui MC6809E CPU is made available
in a pair of 6809 Programming Models that depict the
CPU features at entry and exit (via a restorable
Breakpoint) of your machine code string. Byte entry
and Breakpointlng, plus the ability to direct real-time
program flow, are made easy and natural through a
line-entry of addresses, bytes and certain control
characters." 4 k Color BASIC,

Tape, $19.95 16K Extended Color basic.

Co-Resident Editor/
Assembler (CO-RES9)

From Cer-Comp

CO-RES9 is a M6809 processor machine language
program for the color computer. You can enter the
text of your article, letters, or a chapter of your newest
book; then go back and revise. The tape contains two
copies of a demonstration program that you can use
to familiarize yourself with the Editor and Assembler
entry format.

Tape, $29.95

From Spectral Associates

An excellent simulation of the popular handheld foot-
ball games, but with a cosmic flavor. You must
maneuver your player through a field of defenders. 5
action skill levels. Extended BASIC not required.

16K Tape, $14.95

Kosmic Kamikaze

By Fred Scerbo

From Illustrated Memory Banks
Test your reflexes in this arcade-type space game.
Your fighter craft is armed with automatic laser can-
nons and rechargeable shields to blast the enemy
pirate saucers which pop In and out of hyperspace.
Comets can destroy you and end game unless you hit
them dead center. 3 levels of difficulty; challenging.
Extended BASIC, joysticks required.

16K Tape, $18.95

6809

Assembly Language
Programming

By Lance Leventhal from McGraw Hill
This comprehensive book covers 6809 assembly
language programming in detail. The entire instruc-
tion set is presented and fully explained. The book
contains many fully debugged, practical program-
ming examples with solutions in both object code and
source code. Discussion of assembler conventions,
I/O devices, and interfacing methods Is also Included.
If you've never before programmed In assembly
language, this book will teach you how. If you're an
experienced programmer, you'll find this book an In-
valuable reference to the 6809 instruction set and pro-
gramming techniques.

Sofftcover, $16.95

6809 Microcomputer

Programming and Interfacing
with Experiments

Ed. by Staugaard from Howard W. Sams
This book offers a complete description of how to pro-
gram and interface the 6809 microprocessor. Topics
include: chip structure and basic 6809 concepts; ad-
dressing modes; registers and data movement In-
structions; arithmetic, logic and test instructions;
branching; input and output signals; interfacing and
applications. Review questions and answers for each
chapter, plus 4 appendices.

Sofftcover, $14.95

Cosmic
Invaders

From Spectral Associates
Fast-action invaders-type game, complete with 16
skill levels, dynamite sound and 4-color hi-res
graphics. Use the special mobile defense shield to
help you dodge the invaders' bombs. With Mystery In-
vader who zooms In and out of hyperspace. Extended
BASIC not required.

16K Tape, $21.95

Starbase Attack

By Fred Scerbo

From Illustrated Memory Banks
You are the lone defender of 3 starbase cities on the
faredgeof our galaxy in this exciting simulation. Your
cities are under attack by either alien warheads or
bombarding asteroids. You only have a limited time to
evacuate your population. You must ward off attack
while launching your escape vehicles and your own
ship. Extended BASIC, one joystick required.

16K Tape, $12.95

The Color Computer
Disassembler

By Commander from Interpro
This utility allows you. to gain knowledge of the Color
Computer ROM to aid you In machine language pro-
gramming. It will disassemble any portion of the Col-
or Computer's memory. With BASIC program to help
you understand how memory is organized and
disassembled. Extended BASIC required.

16K Tape, $19.95

Super "Color"
Writer II

From Nelson Software

Fast, machine code, full-featured, character (screen)
—oriented word processing system for the TRS-80
Color Computer and any printer. Movable print win-
dow displays text In green characters on black
background for reading ease. Simple enough for
beginners; versatile enough for the professional
writer. Features Include: scrolling; exchange/delete;
footnote position; quick paging; block move, copy
and delete; merge or append files; underline;
superscript/subscript and much more! Create or edit
Super "Color" Terminal flies, ASC II files, BASIC pro-
grams or Editor/Assembler source listing.

Tape, $49.95 ROM Pak, $74.95
Disk, $99.95

m. 1 . n ■■ ■ and E

/y4^\' h<k PR0GRAfl) /TORE 4200 Wisconsin Avenu «» NW£Dept.RN209Box 9609

Visit our other stores: Seven Corners Center, Falls Church, VA • W. Bell Plaza, 6600 Security Blvd., Baltimore, MD

829 Bethel Rd, Columbus OH • Coming Soon to Greensboro NC.

■

Page 46

The RAINBOW

THE ULTIMATE IN COLOR

September, 1982

WORD PROCESSING

THE SUPER "COLOR'' WRITER II

The Word Processor that re-wrote trie book on Word Processing

The Super "Color 1 ' Writer is a FAST, machine code, lull featured,
character (screen) oriented word processing system for trie TRS-80{TM)
Color Computer and ANY printer The video display is styled after a
professional phosphor (green characters on black background) display
lor hours of use without eyefaiigue (optional orangeon black). The unique
print WINDOW trees you from 32, 51 or 64 character lines FOREVER! This
window can be moved anywhere jo the lext file, up, down, left or right to
display the text as it will be printed without wasting paper, You can create
or edit Super "Color" Terminal files. ASCII tiles. BASIC programs or
Editor/Assembler source listings It s simpleenough for beginners wilh 4K
and for ihe professional writer with a 32K disk system and a lot to say,
there s plenty of room lo say it!

COM PARI SON CM A R T SUPER C OLOR WA I TEA THE CO MPE T ITl ON

System Size 4K 16K 32K 4K 16K 32 K

TAPE Teal Space N/A 8K 24K \ A 2K 1SK

ROMPAK Teal apace g.SK T5K 31 K N/A N/A N/A

DISK Texl space N/A 6.SK 22 5K N/A 0 5K 1G.5K

Rignt Justify VES NO

Video Window YES NO

EdU any ASCII Me YES NO

THE COMPETITION

4K 16K 32K

N/A 2K 1BK

N/A N/A N/A

N/A 0.5K 1S.5K

The figures speak for themselves and with professional features like
PROGRAMMABLE function string commands to perform up to 28
commands automatically, PROGRAMMABLE lext file chaining,
PROGRAMMABLE column insert & delete, and right hand
USTIFiCATlGN with punctuation precedence, the choice is clear but
s slill more!

The Supar "Color" Writer lakes full advantage of the new breed of ' smart
printers " with Conirol codes 1-31 . 20 Programmable control codes 0-255
tor special needs and built in Epson MX-80, Centronics 737, 739 and R.S.
Line Printer IV. VII, VIII drivers.

CHECK THESE FEATURES!!

HIGH SPEED & normal operations • 32K Compattbie • Window * Key beep

• HELP table • 12fl character ASCII & grapbics • Memory left * Lowercase
■ Full cursor control • Quick paging * Scrolling * Word wraparound • Tabs

• Repeat all funciions • Repeat last command • Insert character & line •
Delete character, delete to end of line ime lo cursor, line & block * Block
move, copy & delete * Global Search, Exchange & Delete * Merge or

d dies • Imbed Conirol Codes in lexi • Underline * Superscripts *
• Headers. Footers & 2 Auxiliary footnotes on odd. even or all
le position • Flush nghi • Non-breakable space * 4 centering
& 16.7 (CPI) * Full page & prim lormattingin text* Single
heat pause • Set Page length » Line length, Line spacing, Margins, page
bers * Title pages • Printer baud: 1 10, 300. 600. 1 200. 2400 * Linefeeds
ft A hard formfeed • Works wilh 8 bit printer fi« • and more!

SUPER COLOR" WRITER DISK

The Disk version of The Super Color" Writer works with theTRS-80C Disk
System and has all the features listed above plus many more! Use with up
to four Disk Drives, includes an extended HELP lable you can access at
any time Call a directory, print FREE space. KjII disk files and SAVE and

LOAD text Mies you've created all from the Super Color" Writer. Print
merge or append any Super Xolor" Terminal file. ASCII file. BASIC
program D r Editor/ Assembler source Nshng stored on ihe Disk oi tape The
Super "Col Of" Writer Disk version has additional formatting and print
features for more control over your printer and PROGRAMMABLE
chaining ol disk hies for "hands off operation Print an entire BOOK
without ever louchmg a thing 1 ^*-^v

;

without e

TAPE

Includes com pre!

95 ROM

Manual only, $7 00 I

e operators manual. ^ma^M

$74.95 DISK $59.95

jable with purchase.

Allow 2 exlra weeks lor personal checks. COD orders add
S2 00 When ordering specHy computer type and add $2 00
lor S H Mmn residents acid 5% sates tax VISA Mas i^r Ctig

DEALER INQUIRES ARE INVITED,

COMMUNICATIONS

THE SUPER "COLOR" TERMINAL

Time Share?, Smart Terminal. High-speed Data X ter & Videotex

The Super "Color" Terminal lurns the Color Computer into a Super-smart
terminal with all the features oi VIDEOTEX(TM) plus much more
COMMUNICATE with Dow Jones & Compuserve and with computers like
theTRS-SO(TM) MODEL I, II, IN, APPLE elc, via moden or RS-232 direct!
Save the data to tape or print it? Reduces ON— LINE cosi to a minimum!

FEATURES

10 butfer size settings from 2-30K * Buffer full Indicator • Lprmts bufler
contents " Full 1 28 ASCII keyboard ■ Compatible wilh Super "Color" Writer
files • UPLOAD & DOWNLOAD ASCII hies, Machine Language & Baste
programs" Set RS-232 parameters "Duplex: Half/Full "Baud Rale: 110.
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800* Word Lengths 5. 6, 7 or 8 • Paniy Odd. Even or
None *Stop Bits; 1-9 * Local linefeeds lo screen * Tape save & load for
ASCII files, Machine code & Basic programs * Unique clone feature for
copying any tape.

Super Color Terminal Disk

The Disk version offers all the features listed above plus Host abilily in full
duplex* Lowercase masking* 10 Keystroke Multiplier {MACRO) buffers
on disk to perlorm repetitive log-on tasks and send short messages (up to
255 bytes) ■ Programmable prompts tor send next line • Selectable
character trapping* Set printer line length • Pagination* Linefeed with CR
option • Primer Baud. iiG r 300, 600. 1200 i 2400 • Documeniation

TAPE $39.

ROM PAK $49.95

ition only. $4 00 Relundable

$69.95

COLOR GAMES!!

FEATURING GREAT GRAPHICS & SOUND!

ADVENTURE 3- PAK Reg u ires 16K Extended Basic TAPE $24,95
This TRILOGY OF 3-D FANTASY GAMES takes you to the WORLD
UNDER THE CJMEEON MOON- Engage in ritual combat wilh Tooamoafh
Narthokc Monsters and skilled warriors Advance in rank with play
experience. Then adventure through DAZMAR S UNDERWORLD OF
DOOM to the forbidden ruins of Castle Argaan Search for the Eye of
Dazmar while avoiding the sorceror s intrtcate traps Survivors must then
negotiate the perilous peaks of the Ugrek Mountains to the FORSAKEN
GULTCH where the wicke H idol awaits restoration.
VEGAS S-PAK Reguires 16K Extended Basic TAPE $19.95
The THRILLS OF A VEGAS CASINO at home. Five action packed Vegas
games for up to four players: CASINO CRAPS * 21 * ONE ARMED BANDIT
" UP « DOWN THE RIVER * KENO. Bank tracks players winnings from
game lo game • realistic cards ■ regulation tables • boards *aulhentic

The THRILL
games for up
- UP & DOVt

game lo gan

sounds • lively graphics * official rules in each game

COMBAT 3-PAK Requires 16K Extended Basic TAPE S24.95

Three action packed two player games featuring lifelike graphics and
sound Of LASER FlRE r CANNONS and PHOTON TORPEDOES.
2-1-0 TANK COMBAT live Terrains • the experienced arcade player can
design combat scenario STELLAR RATTLE pilot a Flex-Wing Figricer at
incredible speeds in enemy space taking out Dorian Tye Fighters
defending the Imperial Star Fortress GALACTIC BLOCKADE maneuver
your craft in a course that boxes your opponent bui avoid cosmic debris
and hostile space probes!

COMBAT 3-PAK

/our y[

VISA

SBFTUHK JOSHES
SV5TEHI5 / "If IllrP

TRS-H0 hi ■

Corp

N 55419

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 47

Utility...

An Automatic Key Repeat
Feature Is Handy To Have

By Charles J. Roslund

One feature that exists in many larger computers, but not
in the Color Computer, is Auto Key Repeat. This is a
function that automatically repeats any key that is held
down for more than, say, a half second.

The program listing accompanying this article provides
this feature. The program is in machine language and is
position independent code, which means it may be located
anywhere in available memory.

Once loaded and EXECuted, you will have Auto Key
Repeat functioning until the computer is turned off. It will
be in effect when entering commands or typing in programs
or when a running program encounters an INPUT or
INKEYS command.

The program functions by adding another service routine
to the 60 cycle interrupt routine. The 60 cycle interrupt
routine in the Color Computer takes care of updating the
TIMER function. The first section of my program
(beginning with the label START) modifies the interrupt
vector (located at S010D) to point to the beginning of my
interrupt service routine.

The program also saves the real interrupt service routine
start in the location labeled INTHAN. Afterperformingthis
initialization, the program returns with an RTS function.

From now on, any time the 60 cycle interrupt occurs, my
program, beginning at the label ENTRY, will be executed.
The first thing it does is to check to see if any keys have been
pushed. CLOOP performs this function by checking the
seven bytes from $0152 through $0159. If they are anything
other than $FF, a key is down. Basic uses these bytes to
perform its keyboard debouncing.

If no keys are pushed, the program falls through to the
RELES label and some counters are cleared. Then, at the
label RET, the program jumps back to Basic's interrupt
handling routine which, itself, returns to whatever was going
on before the interrupt occurred.

If CLOOP detects a key press, however, it branches to the
routine labeled PUSHED. This routine starts incrementing
the start counter STRCNT. It is incremented one time, each
time the 60 cycle interrupt occurs, after which the routine
branches to RET to return. After STRCNT has been
incremented to 30 (one-half second) it branches to the
REPT (repeat) routine.

The REPT routine uses a counter named REPCNT to
control the repeat speed in the same manner as PUSHED
uses the counter STRCNT to control the delay before Auto
Key Repeat begins. Once REPCNT is incremented to three,
the program branched to the routine labeled REHIT.

This routine modified the seven bytes starting at $01 52 to
turn on any bits that were turned off by Basic's keyboard
debounce routine. It does this with the ORA #$3F
instruction. This only turns on bits 0 through 5 of the
debounce flag bytes, which prevents auto repeat of the
CLEAR and BREAK keys, which I felt would be
undesirable.

This program may be entered into memory with an
assembler or you may just POKE the hex object code (third
column of the listing) into memory. A quick Basic program
to do this is:

—Continued on Page 48

COLORQUEST™ proems
ihe ADVENTURE TRILOGY

A machine code, high-res Advenlure Game
for the TRS-flOC " Color Computer

This' I FtlLOGY OF- 3-D FANTASY GAMES takes yon to tfe* WORLD UNDE
ClMEEQN MOON Engage m ritual combat wilh Touamoalh pMnrlhokc: Mo
skilled warriors Advance in rank with play experience Then adventut
DAZMAFTS UNDERWORLD OF DOOM lolhe lor bidden rums ol Castle Argaan Search
for 1 ho Eycol Dazmar while avoJdmg the sorcerer's intricate traps Survivors musi Ihen
negotiate Ihe perilous peaks of I he Ugrek Mouniarns to the FORSAKEN GULCH where
Ihe wicked idol awails restoration

16K Tape $24,95 {EjeL Basic no< reqd.) 32K Disk $29.95

Temm

0 7

l he TRILOGY CONTEST * *

Conquer the TRILOGY and win the new COLORQUEST adventure.

BEYOND THE ClMEEON MOON
The GRAND PRIZE, a Super "Color Writer & Super "Color" Terminal

ROMPAK or DISK program set valued at up to Si 70.00. wiJl be drawn from
the winning entrres Consult the September issue of COLOR COMPUTEH
NEWS published by REMarkahle Soltware at 1731 5th Streel. Muskegon,
Ml 4944 1 . (616)728-9 1 00 for contest riVln \% or suv R ULES wilh ihe game
Wh*?n ordering include $2 00 for shipping Extra S2.00 lor C O D

DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED

■

P.O. Box 1

TR5

polis, MN 55419 - 612/827-4703

eg i st e red trademark of Tandy Corp.

Page 48

REPEAT (From Page 47)

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

10 CLEAR200, &H3F00: I=&H3F80
20 PRINT "ADDRESS:"; HEX$(I);: INPUT
BYTE";B$

30 POKE I,VAL ("&H"+B$): 1=1+1: GOTO 20

The above program assumes a 16K
Color Computer, but it may be
modified for whatever you have. After
getting Auto Key Repeat into
memory, you may save a copy to tape
or disk using the address you started at
for the start address (this is where the
variable INTHAN is located). The end
address is the last address that data
was entered at (S7FEA on my listing).
The execute address is where the label
START is located. You should write
this address down while you are
entering the code into memory (if you
are not using an assembler). For the
addresses my listing is located at, the
start, end and execute addresses are
$780, S7FEA and S7F85.

Auto Key Repeat will work in any
Color Computer (Color Basic,
Extended Basic or Disk Basic). Once
loaded into memory just EXECute it
and you will have Auto Key Repeat.

One word of caution: You must
reserve the memory space the program
will be located in with the CLEAR
command and you must never use this
space f or anything else unless you turn
your computer off and on to do a cold
start. (Although, an alternative to
turning the computer of f is to enter the

**************************

* AUTO KEY REPEAT *

* BY C.J. ROSLUND *
**************************

0002 0E00

0003 0152

0004 010D

0005 7F80 0000

0006 7F82 00

0007 7F83 00

0008 7F84 00

0009

0010

0011

0012

0013

0014

0015

0016

0017

0018

0019

0020

0021

0022

0023

0024

0025

0026

0027

0028

0029

0030

7F85
7F89
7F8C
7F8E
7F92
7F96
7F99
7F9A
7F9D
7F9F
7FA1
7FA3
7FA6
7FA8
7FAB
7FAD
7FAF
7FB2
7FB4
7FB7
7FBA
7FBD

308D00 1 1

BC010D

270B

10BE010D
10AF8CEA
BF010D
39

8E0152

A680

81FF

261D

8C015A

26F5

A68CD9

8106

2705

6C8CD2

2009

6F8CCD

6F8CC8

6F8CC6

6E9CC0

0031 7FC0 A68CBF

0032 7FC3 81 IE

0033 7FC5 2705

0034 7FC7 6C8CB8

ORG S7F80
DEBNC EQU *0152
INTVEC EQU S010D

INTHAN FDB 0
STRCNT FCB 0
REPCNT FCB 0
PCNT FCB 0

DEBOUNCE FLAG POINTER
INTERRUPT VECTOR LOCATION

INTERRUPT SERVICE START
START DELAY COUNTER
REPEAT DELAY COUNTER
PUSH RESET COUNTER

CHANGE INTERRUPT VECTOR

START LEAX ENTRY, PCR

CMPX INTVEC

BEQ REENT

LDY INTVEC

STY INTHAN, PCR

STX INTVEC
REENT RTS
ENTRY LDX #DEBNC
CLOOP LDA ,X+

CMPA #*FF

BNE PUSHED

CMPX #DEBNC+8

BNE CLOOP

LDA PCNT, PCR

CMPA #6

BEQ RELES

INC PCNT, PCR

BRA RET
RELES CLR PCNT, PCR

CLR STRCNT, PCR

CLR REPCNT, PCR
RET JMP C INTHAN, PCR 3 RETURN TO INTERRUPT HANDLER

PUSHED LDA STRCNT, PCR
CMPA #30
BEQ REPT
INC STRCNT, PCR

CHECK FOR 6 NO-KEY-PUSHES

TEXT EDITOR

By John Waclo

WORD PROCESSOR FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

The bottom-line in Word Processors is printed
output flexibility and TEXT EDITOR has it. TEXT
EDITOR has Variable Text, Multi-Copy, and
right-side Justification! Features that are hard
to find in other widely advertised Word
Processors. With Variable Text, you can
repetitively generate the same text with
predetermined changes in each output. Merge
form letters with mailing lists using Variable
Text. TEXT EDITOR'S Multi-Copy command
automatically iJoes your letters and file copies. 50
copies of your address on mailing labels is a snap
with Multi-Copy. Give your text that
"professional" look with even right-side margins.
It's easy, just select Justification on the Output
Menu.

1BK - Special screen display, Save text, Add to
text, Find locations of any word. Edit, Insert,
Delete, Replace any line of text. Plus Auto Line-
Centering! Output to any printer with full control
over Left Margin, Right Margin, Line Spacing,
Paging, Length of Form, Number of Copies, and
right-side Justification. Re-format entered text;
Menu driven. Draft of text; full or partial. FREE
upgrade to 32K software.. .and more.

32K - ALL of the above PLUS... More text storage,
Auto-Key Repeat, Global word or phrase
exchange, and Automatic Letter Headings. Move,
Duplicate or Delete blocks of text. User
changeable Printer Format menu and text
imbeded printer control codes. Plus, Exclusive
Variable Text feature.. .and more.

$49.95 Tape — $59.95 Disk t Includes Manual t Extended Basic required
ELITE Software Box 1 1 224 Pittsburgh, PA 1 5238 (41 2) 795-8492

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 49

command POKE&H7l,0 and then
push the reset button. This will do a
cold start.

Auto Key Repeat will repeat any
key that is held down for more than
one-half second at a rate of 20
characters per second. If you wish to
change any of these parameters, you
can do this by changing two bytes in
the program.

To change the delay before Auto Key Repeat starts
repeating, change the value of the byte located at S7FC4
(line 32 of my listing). This byte is now a 30 decimal. A
higher number will give a longer delay (60 gives a one second

0035 7FCA 20F1

19036 7FCC A68CB4

0037 7FCF 8103

0038 7FD1 2705

0039 7FD3 6C8CAD

0040 7FD6 20E5

0041 7FD8 6F8CAS

0042 7FDB 8E0152

0043 7FDE A684

0044 7FE0 8A3F

0045 7FE2 A780

0046 7FE4 BC015A

0047 7FE7 26F5

0048 7FE9 20D2

BRA RET
REPT LDA REPCNT,PCR

CMPA #3

BEQ REHIT

INC REPCNT,PCR

BRA RET
REHIT CLR REPCNT.PCR

LDX #OEBNC
RLQDP LDA „ X

□RA #*3F

STA ,X+

CMPX #DEBNOS

BNE RLQDP

BRA RET

delay). To change the repeat rate, change the value of the
byte located at S7FD0 (line 37 of my listing). The byte is now
three. A higher value will give a slower repeat rate (a six will
repeat at 10 characters per second).

Software Review...

Test All Sorts Of Skills
With Geography Pack

If you can't tell Colorado from Wyoming or you've
forgotten what the capital of Belgium is, Geography Pack
will help you out quite a bit.

This is one of the better testingprograms we haveseenfor
the 80C. It shows a map of the country or continent you wish
and then asks questions. This is done in a very attractive way
and seems to help reinforce the learning process.

In all there are five programs — for the United States,
Asia, Europe, Africa and Central/ South America. Each
works the same, asking how many states or countries you
would like to see and, at the same time, giving a choice for
alternate questions as well.

Then, the program draws a map of the area in question
and flashes the state or country it has selected. You can
select how long the state or country will flash, and whether
you want the screen to clear afterwards or not.

You then must name the state or country. Three
opportunities are given to make a correct answer —
assuming your answer is close in terms of how the state or
country is spelled. This, we feel, is a real bonus.

If you get the answer right, you are told. If you get it
wrong, you are told the correct answer.

At this point, if you chose an optional question, it is
displayed on the screen. For countries, the optional
questions are capital cities, largest non-capital city, major
industry and currency. For the states, the date of statehood
is substituted for currency type.

Geography Pack will run on a 16K Extended Basic
machine and is a good way to learn geography. It elevates

rote drill to a high stage and should be helpful to anyone
studying this subject.

(Spectral Associates, P.O. Box 99715, Tacoma, WA
98466, $9.95 per module; all five for $29.95)

Review...

Cassette Holders Are
A Worthwhile Buy

It soon gets to be a problem, whereto keepallthecassettes
of programs you have written and purchased. Certainly,
they come in little plastic boxes, but you can only stack them
so high.

A cassette caddy offered by Color Software Services is an
excellent buy. Each "smokey brown" plastic unit holds a
dozen tapes, sans box, and they fit together one on top of the
other so they stack easily. By eliminating the extra space
associated with the case, they fit into the smallest area
possible.

Each caddy comes with a set of a dozen pre-printed labels
so that you can stick them on the narrow top of the cassette.
This helps identify cassettes and get them back in the right
place. The top is hunged for easy access, too.

We think this is an excellent product and are pleased to
report these caddys have gone a long way toward ending the
clutter in our area.

(Color Software Services, P.O. Box 1723, Dept. R,
Greenville, TX 75401, $5.49 plus $1.50 shipping, quantity
discounts)

An Amazing Offer

• # •

— sea*- COLOR

COMPU

* 64 K

* Extended Color Basic

LI ROM

Pull 80-D«y Warranty

For. ONLYm. €SQQ00 CUFF't COLOR CORNER

J>*J 7 7 Rt. 4, Box 246

Floyd'* Knots* IN 47113

Page 50

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

IF YOU OWN A COLOR COMPUTER

THEN YOU NEED
THE COLOR COMPUTER TOOLKIT

The software development tool that lets you take charge of your personal
computer. It is full of tools, aids, bells and whistles useful to the Color Computer
BASIC programmer, in one easy to use software package.

Just look at these features:

Light characters on Dark background with Current Line Highlighting; or normal characters
Screen Editor with: Arrow Key controlled cursor; open up space/delete and close up space
Enabling Selective Line Renumber/copy/move/merge; or normal Extended BASIC line editor
Klickon keypress; or normal silent keys (Klick Tone modifiable by use of SOUNDan command)
Protect the current BASIC program from being wiped out by CLOAD, NEW, etc.; or from being LISTed
Restore/ Merge a BASIC program with a Protected BASIC program

Merge BASIC with Machine Code routines so Machine Code is "invisible" and CSAVE and CLOADable
Global Search of Command or Text strings in BASIC lines, with Wildcards and NEXT"."
Delete all REMs (either REM or ' type)
Delete all Spaces (not in PRINT strings or REMarks)

9 key-control led/abortable Screen Print Delays (slow LISTings, DIRectories)
9 key-conrtolled/abortable BASIC RUN Delays; Single Step Mode with line number display
ASCII/HEX memory Dumps to screen or printer
Memory Examine/Modify with HEX/ ASCII/DEC input or output
Memory Block Move for relocating Machine Code programs
Break Key Disable/Enable (Pause still functioning)

Variable Name List/String-Byte memory usage/ Free/Top of memory address display
Transparent to the user, install it and forget it until you need it
Ten User Defined Keys accessable with SHIFT/DOWN ARROW/Number (BASIC Macros)
Fast Machine Code to BASIC DATA statement Packer for storing Machine Code in BASIC
Recovery of lost BASIC programs after NEW, BACKUP, DSKINI, etc.
Automatic Linefeed for printers that don't/Double-space LISTings or normal PRINT
CLOADM to CSAVEM address/ Backup tool (Name, Start, End, Execute)
Modified TRON display (IN replaces (LN))
Parallel Echo of screen to printer
HELP command lists all Toolkit commands
Orange/Green text screen capability
Entire system totally removable at any time
Works on tape and/or disk

BASIC funs up to one-third faster through the Toolkit (5-10% typical)

The Colorklt is a 5K-Byte Relocatable program that loads any time without bothering your BASIC program or variables or top of memory
address (It assumes you have cleared enough for it).

All tools may be turned off or on at will, including the Colorklt itself, and any tool can be used in conjunction with any other tool.

The tools are available with simple three or four letter commands entered in direct mode, with the entire instruction set viewable by
the .HELP command.

VAR .OLD .MMRG .MPRG .BRON .BROF SCON .SCOF .KLON XLOF .MADD DARK LITE PROT
.REST JXON .TXOF .RDLY .PDLY .DELR .DELS .SNLF .DBLF .DUMP .MEMO .BYE BLOC ECON

.ECOF .HELP .GBL . (next)

RAINBOW

CCRTOCATKM

The Coiorkit works on 16/32K Extended and/or Disk BASIC systems $29.95 Tape

$34.95 Disk

THE GOOD LIFE

This is the classic Game of life, with several unique features:

• 64x64 four-color symmetrical display (G1C)

• Three selectable birth and old age colors

• Selectable color sets

• X and Y axis wraparound

• 15 Modifiable pre-programmed patterns

• Joystick and/or Arrow Key input A P 1 7 I M

• Save/Load display screens to tape or disk #%lx I £- 1 Y%

• Speeds from eight gen/sec to one every second for a full universe n f\ D a %* OOOC

• Written in user-modifiable BASIC with an "invisible" Machine Code Life processor r . \J • BOX OO^d

• HELP screen command list

. Tape and Disk compatible $16.95 on tape SCOttSddle, AZ 85252

September, 1982

Utility...

Here Are Some Useful
Utilities For Your Use

The RAINBOW

Page 51

By Jim Schmidt

I thought the program listed below might be of interest to
a number of your readers because it contains three machine
language programs and a menu driver that allows the
running of any one of them — or all three — from the menu.
These routines are the ones I most often use to "initialize"
my 80C when I sit down to use it.

The routines included here are:

A Line Width Driver
Am l-Bft Graphics Driver
A "Speed" Routine

The line width driver will change the line width of my Line
Printer VII to any width I choose. It is most handy for
setting the printer to 32 columns so as to be linear with the
screen.

The 8-bit graphics driver was taken from the RAINBOW
(April), and we all know what it does and why we need it.
Briefly, if you have a 1 .0 ROM, it allows you to use a screen
print routine which requires a graphics driver to duplicate
high resolution screens to the printer.

The "Speed" routine slows down the 80C variably,
depending on the value POKEd into 1013. While it does also
slow down keying and everything else, it is useful when you
want to LIST a program and have the scrolling slow down
you you can read it as it "goes by." Try using a value of 50 as
a start.

The menu technique is certainly not new, but may be of
interest to readers who have not used it before.

There are a few simple rules which must be followed. The
fact is that these four programs (the three routines and the
menu) are now one program. Therefore, DATA/ READ
logic must take into account where the pointer is located.
DIM and CLEAR type instructions are also vulnerable to
concatenating programs.

6 ' JIM SCHMIDT

7 9

8 R1=0:R2=0:R3=0

30 CLS:PRINT5>7, "* DRIVER MENU*"
40 PRINT

50 PRINT"<1> = LINE WDTH DRIVER"
60 PRINT

70 PRINT"<2> = GRAPHICS DRIVER"
80 PRINT

90 PRINT"<3> = SPEED ADJUSTER"
100 PRINT

110 PRINT"<4> = ALL IN TURN"
120 PRINT

130 PRINT"<5> = E N D "
140 PRINT

142 PR I NT " WARN I NG ! ! !"

143 PR I NT "DO NOT RUN ANY OF THES
E ROUTINES MORE THAN ONCE..

150 INPUT"
160 IF (Z=l
N GOTO
170 IF
N GOTO
180 IF

1000
(Z=2 OR
2000
(Z=3 OR

SELECTION"; Z
Z=4) AND Rl=l THE

Z=4) AND R2=l THE

Z=4) AND R3=l THE

—Continued on Page 53

ENDICOTT SOFTWARE

presents:

* New! * JOYSTICKS * New! *

Tired of broken joysticks? Ours are built to last, with good smooth pots
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***

15% OFF

ALL PRICKLY- PEAR SOFTWARE

* VIKING

(Go from landowner to King!)

* GANGBUSTERS

(Lead a life of crime and win!)

* FANTASY GAMER S PACKAGE $J4fc*5

(Generates dungeons, characters,
and monsters and includes sample
module)
6-GAME PAK

(Includes: "pac" game, "defender-
type" game, Divebomb, Blockade,
slot machine, and Squares
(similar to cube)

* PREREAD I, II, & III
(Prepare your preschooler to learn
to read)

TOM MIX SOFTWARE:
KATERPILLAR ATTACK (New!)
SNAK PAK (Best version yet!)

* SHIP WRECK (Great adventure)
WAR KINGS

* MOON LANDER (2 games in 1)

* CASINO (3 Game Pack)

***

5 16. 7J RAINSCW

$16.95

RAIN90W

$21.20

MARK DATA PRODUCTS:

BERSERK

BLACK SANCTUM

COLORSOFT:

* MATH DERBY (Fun While learning!)

* STOCK ANALYZER

CLOSEOUT SPECIAL

COLOR INVADERS

(by Computerware-limited quantity)

$24 95^^^

'iitSS SZ

$24.95
$14.95

*19.95«£22T
$15.95/^5^
$14.95 ~

$24.95 ium^

MM.

$19.95/j^\

$11.95
$16.95

$16.95

RAIM90W

* Requires 16K Ext. Basic minimum - others 16K Std. Basic
minimum.

Call or write for free catalog.
WE PAY postage on all software orders. Add $2.00 for ship-
ping joysticks (unless purchased with software - then we'll
pay).

Please add $1.50 for C.O.D. orders.
Allow 2 weeks for personal checks to clear.

P.O. Box 12543, Huntisville, AL 35802

NEW PHONE NUMBER!
(205) 881-0506

Page 52

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

TOM MIX SOFTWARE

***F0R THE COLOR COHPUTER*** 3424 COLLEGE N . E . GRAND RAPIDSi MI. 49505 (616) 364-4791

SNAK PAK

WE THINK THIS IS THE BEST *PAC-MAN* YET.
MORE ACTIONi BETTER SOUND AND GREATER RE-
WARDS. AS GOOD AS THE ARCADE. FANTASTIC.
16K MACHINE LANGUAGE $24.95

ARCADE ACTION GAMES 44

OUTSTANDING GRAPHICS AND SOUND WILL END ALL
OF THOSE TRIPS TO THE ARCADE. SO MUCH LIKE
THE ARCADE YOU HAVE TO SEE IT TO BELIEVE IT.

16K MACHINE LANGUAGE

$24.95

COLOR GOLF

BATTLE TO SAVE YOUR CASTLE AND KING. HIGH
RESOLUTION GRAPHICS WITH OUTSTANDING SOUND
MAKE THIS ONE A REAL. WINNER.
16k MACHINE LANGUAGE $19.95

OTHER GREAT GAMES

ALL PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K

ML = MACHINE LANGUAGE B = BASIC

MOON LANDER- FANTASTIC GRAPHICS. LAND ON
THE'MOON IF YOU CAN . 2 PROGRAMS. B $15.95

DANCING DEVIL- WATCH HIM DANCE TO MUSIC OR
PROGRAM HIM YOURSELF. ML $14.95

PING PONG- TABLE ACTION.
CASINO- THREE GAME PAK.

ML $12.95
B $12.95

MAZE RACE- AT LAST<» A MACHINE LANGUAGE TWO
PLAYER MAZE. YOU'LL LOVE IT. ML $14.95

Adventures

TREK- 16- TRAVEL THRU SPACE WITH SPOCK AND

CAPT. KIRK. ADVENTURE. TOUGH ! B $19.95

SHIPWRECK- ESCAPE FROM A DESERT ISLE IF

YOU CAN. GREAT ADVENTURE! B $14.95

Educational

EDUCATIONAL- SPELLING TESTi MATH DRILL *
WORD DRILL. IDEAL TEACHING AIDS FOR ANY
AGE. B $19.95 EA. All 3 $49.97

ADD $1.00 POSTAGE k HANDLING
MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4* SALES TAX

KATERPILLAR

ATTACK

NOW SIT AT YOUR COMPUTER AND PLAY NINE OR
EIGHTEEN HOLES. OUTSTANDING GRAPHICS IN THE
FAIRWAY OR ON THE GREEN. HELPS YOUR GAME.
32K EXTENDED BASIC $16.95

Utilities

TAPE DUPE- BRAND NEW MACHINE LANGUAGE PRO-
GRAM THAT COPIES ANY TAPE EFFORTLESSLY.
COMPLETELY AUTOMATIC . ML $16.95

DISK LIST- MAKE A PRINTED COPY OF THE CON-
TENTS OF YOUR DISK. PRINTS START t END t *
EXECUTE ADDRESSES OF PROGRAMS • 1 $19.95

DISK TO TAPE- DUMP THE CONTENTS OF ANY
DISK TO TAPE AUTOMATICALLY. ML $19.95

TAPE TO DISK- LOAD THE CONTENTS OF ANY TAPE
TO DISK AUTOMATICALLY. ML $19.95

MAIL LIST- MAINTAIN A COMPLETE MAILING LIST
WITH PHONE NUMBERS ETC. B $19.95

THE FIXER- HAVING TROUBLE MOVING THOSE '
600 HEX PROGRAMS TO DISK? THE FIXER WILL
HELP. COMPLETELY AUTOMATIC. ML $18.95

TAPE CAT- ALL NEW MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAM
LIST CONTENTS OF TAPES TO PRINTER. MAKE A
CATALOG OF YOUR TAPES. ML $17.95

PROGRAM PRINTER UTILITY- THIS PROGRAM WILL
LIST BASIC PROGRAMS TO YOUR PRINTER IN TWO
COLUMN FORMAT. SAVES PAPER AND MAKES YOUR
LISTING LOOK PROFESSIONAL. 1 $19.95

TOP ROYALTIES PAID
LOOKINt FOR NU SOFTWARE

September, 1982

UTILITIES (From Page 51)
N GOTO 3000

190 ONZ GOTO 210,460,680,210,200
200 END

210 DATA 182,1,103,167,141,0,46

220 DATA190, 1, 104, 175, 141,0,40

230 DATA134, 126, 183, 1, 103,48, 141

240 DATA0, 4, 191, 1, 104,57,52

250 DATA 2,150,111,129,254,38,16

260 DATA150, 156, 139, 1, 145, 155,37

270 DATA8, 15, 156, 134, 13, 173, 159

280 DATA160,2,53,2, 18, 18, 18

290 ST= 16320

300 FOR AD=ST TO ST-i-55

310 READ CD: POKE AD, CD: NEXT

340 EXEC ST
350 CLS

360 PR I NT "LINE WIDTH DRIVER
370 PR INT" LOADED 5> 16320"
380 INPUT "DESIRED WIDTH" ; W
390 POKE 155,W-i-l
400 Rl=l

410 PRINT" WIDTH SET FOR ";W
420 PRINT

430 I NPUT " < ENTER > TO CONTINUE" ;P
440 RESTORE

450 IF ZO4THEN30 ELSE GOTO 460
460 CLS:PRINT"8BIT GRAPHICS DRIV
ER"

470 PR I NT "SET PRINTER TO 8BIT ";
480 PR I NT "MODE"

490 RESTORE : FORQ=0TO55 : READQ* : NE
XT

500 I NPUT "< ENTER > WHEN SET";Q*

510 LD= 16220

520 FORI=0TO40

530 READ VL*

540 PK=VAL("&H"+VL*>

550 POKE LD-H,PK

560 NEXT I

570 EXEC LD

580 PR I NT "GRAPH ICS 8BIT DRIVER";
590 PRINT" LOADED S> 16220"
600 R2=l
602 PRINT

604 I NPUT "< ENTER > TO CONTINUE" ;P
610 I F Z < >4THEN30ELSEGOTO680
620 DATA83,00,00,30,8D,00,08
630 DATA8F,01,68,96,96,97,E6
640 DATA39,34,04,D6,6F,5C,2B
650 DATA02 , 35 , 84 , 35 , 04 , 32 , 62
660 DATA34 , 04 , F6 , FF , 22 , 54 , 25
670 D AT AF A , BD , 8E , 0C , 35 , 84

680 * SLOWS DOWN COMPUTER

690 9 POKE 0-255 IN 1013

700 ' 0=FASTEST — 255=SL0WEST

710 DATA52, 16, 142,0, 1,48,31,38

720 DATA252 , 53 , 1 6

725 RESTORE

730 F0RWW*1T097:READWW*:NEXT

735 CLS

The RAINBOW

737 PR I NT "SPEED ROUTINE"

740 I NPUT "< ENTER > TO LOAD";P

750 FORX=1010TO1020

760 READ A: POKE X, A: NEXT X

790 POKE 1021, PEEK (359)

800 POKE 1022, PEEK (360)

810 POKE1023, PEEK (361)

820 P0KE359 , 1 26

830 POKE360,3

840 P0KE36 1,242

845 PRINT"0=FASTEST-255=SLOWEST"
850 I NPUT "ENTER SPEED FACTOR" ;S
860 POKE 1013, S
870 R3=l

880 PR I NT "SPEED IS SET AT ";S
890 PR I NT "POKE 0 (FAST) TO 255";
900 PRINT" (SLOW) IN 1013 TO ";
910 PR I NT "CHANGE — DO NOT RERUN"
920 PRINT

930 I NPUT "< ENTER > TO CONTINUE" ;P
935 IF ZO4THEN30ELSE END
1000 CLS: PR I NT" LINE WIDTH ALREAD
Y SET": INPUT "< ENTER > TO RETURN
TO MENU";P:GOTO30

2000 CLS: PR I NT "GRAPH ICS 8BIT ALR
EADY SET": I NPUT "< ENTER > TO RETUR
N TO MENU";P:GOTO30
3000 CLS: PR I NT "SPEED ALREADY SET
- USE POKE 1013 TO CHANGE": I NPU
T"<ENTER> TO RETURN TO MENU";P:G
OTO30

Page 53

TREK80C

The classic computer game written for the
Color Computer. A real-time game with
moving Klingons and action graphics. Watch
your Phaser blasts turn Klingon battle cruisers
into space debris. Watch the Klingon move
out of your path as you position for a Photon
torpedo shot. Wc tch your screens fall during
battle. Don't leave your station or the
Klingons may destroy you. May the FORCE be
with you!

16K Extended Basic Tape $14.95
**********************************************

COPYTAPE Copies any Color Computer tape.
4K machine language program $9.95

OFFLOAD Back your disks up to tape, restore
tape to disk $9.95

CATALOG creates a system wide catalog of
your disks. Run programs without knowing
where they are. $9.95

Send Check or Money Order To:

A. M. Heam Software

602 S. 48th St.- Dept. R
Philadelphia, PA 19143

Write For Free Catalog

-Mr-

Page 54

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

from SPECTRUM PROJECTS

FIVE PIN MALE TO FIVE PIN FEMALE -
10 FEET. Joystick extension

$14.95

FIVE PIN MALE TO (2) FIVE PIN
FEMALES. Use with Joystick, Light
Pen, SAM Saver, etc. $19.95

c — 1

1 ]

i — i

c — 1

i j

i i

SAM SAVER. Give your Color
Computer an on/off indicator
light. Save electricity ($$) and your
SAM chip. Plugs into the joystick
port. $14.95

FOUR PIN MALE TO FOUR PIN FEMALE
— 10 FEET. Move your printer or
modem to another location for
easier use. $14.95

DISK INTERFACE/ROM PACK
EXTENDER - 3 FEET. Move your disks
and ROM packs where you want
them. Gold plated contacts
eliminate corrosion. $29.95

LIGHT PEN. Enter the world of A/D
circuitry. Use existing software or
write you r own ! $14.95

Add $1 for Handling & Shipping

SPECTRUM PROJECTS

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RAINBOW

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Tired of plugging and unplugging dtvicn
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.$149.95

SMART TERMINAL PACKAGE

ME DIDN'T WAIT for th
even MORE feature* to
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are before you buy. NOBODY offers you

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* Online Cassette Reads and Writes

* 110, 300, 600, or 1200 Baud

* Full or Half Duplex

* Reenter Data Before Calling (Saves $$'s)

* Offline and Online Scrolling

* Automatic Capture of Files

* Send All 127 ASCII Characters From Keyboard

* Word Mode Eliminates split Words

* 7 or 8 Data Bits (Including Graphics Support)

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New York State Residents add appropriate taxes

Page 56

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

THERE IS A NEW kid on the block:
C ailed a TDP System 100. You'll be seeing it
m a lot of stores and, if it looks a bit like our
favorite 80C, there is good reason for it.

The TDP System 100 is Tandy's first
venture outside Radio Shack stores and will
be marketed through RCA distributors. It
appears that means anyone who sells RCA
products can now sell the TDP System 100.
And make no mistake, the TDP System 100
is the TRS-80 Color Computer.

The differences are a case that's white
instead of silver, the top is raised up a little
more and there are more air holes. Other
than that, it is the same computer. See the
exclusive photograph on this page.

What does this mean for us 80C users?
Well, first of all, a radical departure from
traditional marketing practices for Tandy.
They have never sold a product outside their
own stores before. But it also means
hundreds of thousands of people will
probably be exposed to — and buy — an
"80C" who never were before. Surely that is
what Tandy is banking on with this new
venture.

Of course, it also means the 80C will have
an even stronger user base than it does even
now. Result: Even more software and
hardware support. According to what we
have learned, there will be disk drives,
printers, joysticks, a modem and software
offered for the TDP System 1 00. And, itinial
sales literature will feature something called
vt Color Extended Basic." Sound familiar?

It also probably means that the products,
once in the hands of retailers, will be
discounted — much like some of the
traditional Tandy products are discounted
by franchised Radio Shack dealers.

We have been told by insiders that 80C's
growth has been above all Tandy
expectations in its first 18 months orso. But,
now, that growth should easily be surpassed.
It is a bold venture for Tandy — but one
which many believe will be successful.

BY THE WAY, TANDY'S "official"
announcement of new products for the fall
will be made the end of this month. We
already know of one thing coming — a
graphics tablet that will allow you to draw
figures which will appear on the 80C screen.
Hopefully, you will be able to save these
drawings as well. You'll be able to read
about the new things in the Pipeline.

The TDP System 100

THERE MAY BE AN advertisment for
the first one this month, but Color Software
Services is working on a line of seasonal
programs that you can tie in to parties for
holidays. First in the line is a program

tentatively called Pumpkin Adventure, with
a release date in time for Halloween.

******

TWO NEW REFERENCE publications
just for the 80C have been announced by
American Library and Information Services
of (3705 Mary Ellen NE) Albuquerque, NM
871 1 1. One is a Color Computer Index that
will provide background information about
all stories, articles and so on relating to the
80C. The other, Color Computer Catalog,
will have information on products relating
to the 80C. Together, they provide a sort of
80C "Yellow Pages" for those seeking
information about the Color Computer.

******

A NEW DISK OPERATING system is
now available for the 80C from Star-Kits
(P.O. Box 209, Mt. Kisco, NY 10549 for
$49.90). To the user, the STAR-DOS disk
format is identical with Color Disk
Extended Basic. However, files written by
Basic can now be accessed by the DOS. And,
you don't need to buy another Basic to
operate STAR-DOS. From the standpoint
of the system or application programmer,
this will allow use of all sorts of 6809
machine language programs to be run on the
80C just by changing a few addresses.

******

EVER WONDERED ABOUT a brand of
disk other than that you are using but just
didn't want to plunk down the cost of a
whole box to find out whether what was in it
was good or not? The Program Store (4200
Wisconsin Ave, Washington DC 20016 and
other retail outlets in Falls Church, Va.,
Baltimore and Columbus, Ohio) now offers
a package called DISKOVERY— diskettes
from six different manufacturers packed
together. Its a unique concept.

******

YOU CAN LOAD AS MANY programs
as you have available memory f or with a new
software package offered by Dynamic
Electronics (P.O. Box 896, Hartselle, AL
35640). Called Universal Program- 1, this
package is said to make it possibleforyou to
load as many programs as you can intoyour
memory, select any of them and run them
separately. You can also jump from one
program to another. Dynamic is also
offering a new disassembler. UP-1 costs
$14.95 on cassette and $24.95 on an
EPROM. The disassembler is $19.95 on
cassette, $49.95 on an EPROM.

A NEW DISK FILE that will hold up to
50 diskettes is now available from Rem
Industries (9420 4t B" Lurline Ave.,
Chatsworth, CA 91311). The containers
have index tab dividers, a locking top and
are available in walnut wood grain or black
finish. Cost is $29.95 for 5!4-inch disks;
$39.95 for 8-inchers.

******

MOVING TO NEW AND larger quarters
is Prickly-Pear Software. We're sorry, we
thought "Randi Place" sounded kinda nice.

******

WE WERE VERY INTERESTED in

seeing an advertisment the other day for a
light pen for the IBM® Personal Computer.
Cost of this little gem was $139.95. Spectrum
Projects offers a light pen for the 80C for
$14.95, Moses Engineering is selling one for
$39.95 and we hear Jarb Software will soon
have one in the same general price range.
Makes you wonder, doesn't it?

******

YOU CAN REACH OUT AND TOUCH

another 80C user through CompuServ®,
Connection-80 of Woodhaven and, now,
through a couple of new bulletin boards,
too. The Color Connection is located in
Elgin, TX, and can be reached by dialing
(512) 285-5028— use either VideoTex or
Colorcom/E — while Color 80 can be found
at (416) 494-1862 in Toronto, Ontario.

AND SPEAKING OF communications,
there is a directory of on-line databases
available from New York Zoetrope (80 East
1 1th Street, New York NY 10003). You can
also reach them through CompuServ
71715,727.

******

WE DO NT USUALLY Dothis, but E.R.
Bailey of Micrologic suggested we might due
to our fast turn-around time, so here goes.
Bailey notes three typographical errors in
William Barden's machine language sort
program from TRS-80 Microcomputer
News and thinks readers would like to have
the correction. Here they are, from Listing 2,
Page 16, Vol. 4 Issue 6: In the second line of
line 130, should read "18, 166, 196, 39, 42,
166, 196,230,69. . ." The secopnd line in line
1 50 should read "23 1 , 228, 5 1 , 69, 1 74, 97, 48,
31, 176, 97, . . ." and in line 200, it should
read 200 DIM A$(100). The corrected parts
of the lines are highlighted in this note.

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 57

Every day more people learn the name of the one
software company that more Color Computer
owners have gotten software from than all the other
software companies combined; the one company
that has given away thousands of free programs that
are superior to some you might pay for!

ISN'T IT TIME
YOU KNEW

TOO?

ILLUSTRATED MEMORY BANKS: 1MB
will send you a short sample program and our
new Color Extended Basic software list when
you send us a business-size SASE.

WORDCLONE

Color Word Clone makes word processing simple. This program can be used with
tape or disk and provides you with real UPPER and LOWER CASE letters with
descenders. PLUS ... 50 letters by 24 lines on the screen at one time! Why pay more
when this is all you need? JUST $18.95 supplied on tape (minimum system 16K
Extended Basic). USER MODIFIABLE! » » »

...

RAINBOW

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CREATAVADER — Create your own targets or choose from a menu of
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GATOR ZONE — Battle against alien "preppy gators" before they eat your
shirt! An 1MB original.

KOSMIC KAMIKAZE — Our best-selling high-res, deep space arcade game
which the RAINBOW called "...the best spaceship graphics we have seen in a
non-machine language program."

MANY MORE TITLES available, including STAR SIEGE PLUS, GAL-
LOPING GAMBLERS, SELECT-A-GAME, STARBASE ATTACK,
METEOR STORM, plus new releases coming.

illustrated memory banks

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CALL (413) 663-9648 3-7 PM. EST

SPECIAL OFFER: Mention this magazine ad and select
a FREE proQram for" every two programs you order

t i

Page 58

Hardware ...

FLEX Can Be A Very
FLEXible System For 80C

By Steve Odneal

(Mr. Odneal is the author of the Data Comp implementation
package for FLEX on the Color Computer.)

The RAINBOW September, 1982

most of the high-level programming languages. Several very
good data base management packages are available, as are a
fast sort/ merge, general business programs, and many
system utility and game programs.

Editor's Note: This article describes bottf
FLEX, which is available as a package from
TSC (see below), and various utilities and the

The ability to use disks with the Color Computer

really opens up all kinds of possibilities. The cassette
tape system is relatively fast and reliable, but not totally

suited for any serious work with the machine. Disks
provide very fast program load and save functions, and
additionally allow program data to be stored and quickly
retrieved. Radio Shack Color Disk Basic also has a

function to allow the machine language programmer
access to the disks via input and output routines in the
ROM. All in all, Color Disk Basic is a very nice system.

However, Radio Shack itself has no software to work
with the disks! Rumor is that they are working on it, but no
information is being given as to what they will provide.

There is an alternative, however: The FLEX Disk
Operating System, from Technical Systems Consultants,
1 1 I Providence Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514.

FLEX was originally developed in 1976 for the Motorola
6800 microprocessor. It was then updated for the newer,
more powerful 6809 in 1979. FLEX does not have the
reputation of the Disk Operating Systems for other Radio
Shack computers, but is the most widely used for 6800 and
6809 processors.

FLEX gets its name from the fact that it is very
"FLEXible". A simple, yet powerful, command structure is
provided, and many facilities are included to allow the
creation and execution of programs. A large number of
programs are available for FLEX systems. These include

implementation routines as provided by Data
Comp. Readers should be aware there are other
FLEX packages available. While all use the
same basic TSC material, they have other
utilities and the like. Frank Hogg Laboratory
and Spectral Associates also have FLEX
systems available. Hardware— chips, drives and
so forth— are available from Hogg, Spectral,
Jarb Software, Spectrum Projects and other
suppliers in addition to Data Comp.)

The programming languages available include ;
PASCAL, C, LISP, MUMPS, FORTH and Basic. There
are several versions of each language, at different costs. The
most widely used Basic is Extended Basic from TSC. Nearly
95 per cent of the business programs available for FLEX use
this version of Basic.

As implemented on the Color Computer, nearly all of the
software which is available for FLEX is supported. The
remaining programs usually require some special video
display characteristics not yet available on the Color
Computer. Both single-and double-density disk formats are
provided, as well as double-sided disk-drives.

Several useful features are provided with the FLEX
implementation. Multiple video display formats are
included, giving the choice of 32x16, 32x24, 42x24, 51x24
and 64x24. The assembler source-code of the display
routines is included. You can generate your own
character-set if you want! A full-function keyboard is

You've invested a lot of time and money into your computer . . .

TVs time that investment paidoff!

THE COLOR ACCOUNTANT

The Programmer's Institute introduces THE COLOR ACCOUNTANT, the only complete personal financial package
specifically designed for the TRS-80 COLOR computer. This unique package includes:

1. Complete Checkbook Maintenance 5. Payments/ Appointments Calendar 8. Home Budget Analysis

2. Chart of Accounts Maintenance 6. Color Graph Design Package 9. Decision Maker

3. Income/Expense Accounts (graphs any files) 10. Mailing List

4. Net Worth Statement 7. Stock Market Analysis

After the initial setup, THE COLOR ACCOUNTANT requires less than an hour of data input each month.

The checkbook maintenance program is the key to the entire package. Once your checkbook is balanced, the checkbook summary file will
automatically update the home budget analysis, net worth, and income/expense statements. You can then graph any file, record bills and
appointments, make decisions, print a mailing list, analyze various accounts or stocks, and even calculate taxes.

All programs are menu-driven and allow add /change/delete. Each file and statement can be listed to screen or printer, and saved to cassette
or diskette. THE COLOR ACCOUNTANT also comes with 40 pages of documentation that leads you step-by-step through the entire package.
The TRS-80 COLOR Ext. Basic requires 16K for this package. ($74.95 cassette, $79.95 diskette).

See your local dealer or order direct:

The perfect supplement to THE COLOR ACCOUNTANT, The Tax Handler includes:

1. Complete Form 1040

2. Schedule A (Itemized Deductions)

3. Schedule G (Income Averaging)
This year let The Tax Handler prepare your taxes ($24.95 cassette, $29.95 diskette).

P.O. BOX 3191, DEPT. 1-R
CHAPEL HILL. NC 27514

1-919-489-2198

JO AM - 9 PM Mon - Sat

September, 1982 The

standard, giving true Control and Escape functions, and
there are 12 user-definable keys. These can be used to
generate any hexadecimal value the user wants. At the most,
two keys must be pressed to generate any of the possible
keyboard codes.

With the FLEX DOS, you receive a large manual which
describes just about everything you want to know about
how to use FLEX. There are sections describing the format
of the file names, how to use the utility commands, complete
documentation for the Editor and Assembler, and a section
titled the Advanced Programmers Guide. This section
defines all user-accessable routines and data-areas in FLEX,
and gives information concerning the format of FLEX disk
directories and data sectors. A short program is included
which is described line-by-line, explaining how the program
uses many of the file handling functions of FLEX.

The documentation is quite clear, and very easy to use.

The manual which comes with the implementation
package clearly explains the steps required to initially get
FLEX running. A final disk is thenmade so that a single disk
is all that is required to execute FLEX. Several appendices
are included giving information about the video display
routines and the keyboard functions, a memory map, and
the required circuit change. Documentation is provided for
each of the supplied programs, which can be placed in the
FLEX manual for easy reference.

Several system utility programs are included with the
FLEX DOS, and several more come with the
implementation package. These additional programs
provide for memory and disk data display and change
functions, definition of the user-definable keys,
modification of the Radio Shack Basic interpreters to run as
normal FLEX programs, a single-disk copy facility, the
formatting of FLEX disks, and the display of Radio Shack
Color Computer disk directories by FLEX.

The standard set of FLEX System Utility programs
include functions to delete and rename data files, display
disk directory entries, list text files, direct output of
programs to a printer or a disk file, assign "system" and
"work" disk drives, execute predefined sequences of FLEX
commands, and many others. There are 25 system utility
programs in all. An extended set of utilities is also available,
which give an extended disk directory display, a binary
program mapper, and 15 other useful commands. A
diagnostic package is available which provides memory test
functions, and disk and file structure report and repair
functions.

The Radio Shack Basic interpreters can be saved on a
FLEX disk by one of the utility programs from the
implementation package. A set of patches is provided to
allow Color Basic and Extended Color Basic to run as a
FLEX-compatible program. Version 1.0 of FLEX for the
Color Computer does not provide the additional Basic
extensions to allow disk access from Radio Shack Basic.
This is being developed now, and should be available soon.

To use FLEX on the Color Computer, you will first need
the Radio Shack disk system. This provides the required
disk controller hardware and the color disk Basic
commands used to load FLEX. 64K of RAM is needed. This
can either be a fully-functional 32K RAM upgrade from
Radio Shack, or your own 64K RAM chips. A simple
hardware modification allows the Color Computer to then
access the upper 32K of memory.

A "boot" disk is supplied that allows you to execute a
loader program which in turn loads the FLEX Disk
Operating System. This is a fully automated function,
performed by entering the disk color Basic command RUN
"FLEX." When FLEX is loaded and running, you are asked

RAINBOW p a ge 59

Radio Shack color disk basic, and the installation of FLEX
does not affect any of the standard Color Computer
functions.

With the FLEX Disk Operating System running on your
Color Computer, you can transform a mild-mannered
machine into a VERY powerful, full function computer
system.

The FLEX Disk Operating System, with System Utilities,
Text Editor and Macro Assembler costs M50 from
Technical Systems Consultants, 111 Providence Road
Chapel Hill, NC 275 14 (91 9)493- 145 1 . The implementation
package is supplied by Data-Comp, P.O. Box 794
Chattanooga, TN 37343 for M9.95. Their phone number is
(615) 842-4601. They can also supply the FLEX DOS, 64K
RAM chips, and perform the required circuit change.

FLEX is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants

In£ .

Hardware...

The Simple Way To 64K

Here is the simple way to make the modifications
necessary to convert your 80C to 64K. This modification,
from Bob Rosen of Spectrum Projects, requires that you
have 64K chips and an "E" board in your Color Computer.

1. Remove capacitors C61, C31, C64, C35, C67, C45, C70
and C48.

2. Set the jumper below C44 to the 16K/32K position. Set
the jumper between U8 and U4 to the 32K position.

3. Set each of the three jumper plugs located just above the
keyboard connector to the 32K position.

4. By U29, solder the middle and "low" pin together.

5. Solder the two pins to the left of C44 together.

6. Connect pin 6 of U29 to pin 8 of U29.

7. Connect pin 4 of U29 to pin 5 of Ull.

8. Connect pin 5 of U29 to TP1.

PAC ATTACK

CL-

□ - 4

BE AMAZED

"PAC ATTACK" brought to you tor /ffa
COLOR COMPUTER

Dealer Inquiries Invited

$24.95

CALL

OR
WRITE

FOR

COMPUTERWARE •

Dept. C ■ Box 658

Page

Game.

The RAINBOW

I6K
ECB

The Track Will Provide
Hours Of Varied Fun

By Al Hine

The Track is a unique game because it allows you to create
the most important part of any race game: The track itself.
You can save each of the tracks you create and you can save
as many tracks as you have disks or tape to save them on.

In this program, a prototype of a more detailed offering
now being developed by Interaction Software, you complete
against the clock and the existing lap record for the
particular track. The Track records the lap records you set
on any track you create, along with the name of the person
who set the record. The Track also checks to see if you have a
disk. If you do, lap records are recorded automatically.
When you have no disk, The Track prompts you to position
the tape to a clear space before recording the track, lap time
and record holder.

The Track also checks to see whether you have 1 6 or 32K.
If you have 16K, it automatically allocates less spaceforthe
storage of tracks.

Installation Notes For Disk

Key in and save all the programs to disk. Be sure to save
the car programs in ASCII format, i.e., SAVE "VW",A.

The Track also requires a disk file to save lap records, To
create this file prior to the first time you run the program,
execute this statement while in the "OK" command mode:
OPEN "O", #1, "TRACKS/ DAT": CLOSE mmmm ™

Installation Notes For Tape

If you will never run The Track from disk, omit lines 3 142,
5000-8090, 8500-8590, 9000-9990.

September, 1982

Add these lines:
5000 RETURN
7000 ' GET TRACK

7010 CLS: INPUT "WHAT TRACK";FI$
7085 GOSUB 8100: GOSUB 1000
7090 S = l: RETURN
9000 RETURN
9500 RETURN

Modify the following lines to read:
60020 CLEAR 2000, &H3EB0: GOTO 60040
60087 IF PEEK (&H7EA9)=83 THEN D=800 ELSE
D=500

The Track has the VW in the main program. If you want
one of the other cars, simply key in the following lines:

For A Datsun

(Linear steering in two steps)

129 ' DATSUN

130 J0=JOYSTK(0): A = INT (.5+(J0-31.5) 1 24)

131 .Jl=JOYSTK(I): IF Jl> 15 THEN A=1NT (.5+(J0-
31.5) /20)

1125 CA$=CHR$(239): CM$="DATSUN)

For A Lotus

(Very smooth handling at high speed)

^ 129 V J jjJL -JiaJimB

130 J0=JOYSTK(0): A=INT (.5+(J0-31.5) 1 27)

131 Jl=JOYSTK(l): A=A* (J 1/45+1)

132 ' -
1125 CA$=CHR$(255): CM$="LOTUS"

For A Ferrari

(Very fast with linear steering)

129 1

130 J0=JOYSTK(0): A=1NT (.5+(J0-3 1 .5) /20

131 Jl=JOYSTK(l)

132 '

1125 CA$=CHR$(19L): CM$="FERRARP

Running The Track

The first time you run the program, you will have to begin
by creating at least one track. After that, you can either
create new tracks or run on tracks you created previously.

Note that when you run from a disk, a menu of the names
of all the tracks are displayed in the approximate order of
difficulty. The number to the left of the track in the display is
the track's difficulty rating.

Each car handles differently and has a different top speed.
The VW may be forced to go very slowly to negotiate the
sharper turns on a narrow track, because it cannot turn very
sharply. The Ferrari will go through the sharpest turns at
full speed. Use the VW for learning, then move up. When
you have mastered the Ferrari, you will find it a delight.

When you are finished running the Track, be sure to press
the zero key (0) to exit the program rather than just turning
the 80C off. On a disk system, this is the point where the
program saves any lap records you may have set during your
session.

If The Program Crashes

You can rescue the track currently in memory by

•GOTO 8600 (This saves the track) I
•F7=l: GOTO 9500 (This saves the lap records to disk)
•GOTO 3000 (This reenters the program at the main menu)

(Mr. Hine is a race driver, enthuiastic programmer and
president of Interaction Software.)

—Continued on Page 62

ANTECO SOFTWARE ... A
NEW DIMENSION FOR
YOUR COLOR COMPUTER!

ANTECO 4220 Clav Ave Ft Worth, TX
f800) 433-7631 7611 7

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 61

PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE

QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR YOUR 80C

ALL PROGRAMS 16K EXTENDED BASIC TAPE UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED

Astrology

Truly a classic, this program will accurately cast your
complete horoscope. You just enter the date, time, and
place of birth. The sun sign, rising sign, mid heaven (MC),
lunar nodes, and planetary influences including houses
and aspects between the planets will all be calculated,
and afull chart drawn. You can also do progressed charts
and transits. It will even tell you the day of the week you
were born. The accompanying book will help you
interpret this chart of your horoscope. The extent of the
documentation is tremendous, even by our exceptionally
high standards, and no previous knowledge of the
subject is required. You can share in this wisdom which
has been used for thousands of years in many cultures.
This program was written by a professional Astrologer.
Please specify 16K or 32K system. $34.95

Viking! " 7 W

A simulation for 1 to 4 persons. Each begins as a
landowner, and by farming their land, buying and selling
land, expanding their fishing fleet, building on to their
manufactory, increasing their population, equiping and
training more soldiers, and regulating their taxes, each
player tries to increase their economic power and rank
until one becomes ruler over all. But beware plagues, rats,
raiders, revolts, bad weather, and other misfortunes
which may lie along the road to success. As you progress,
see the map of your holdings increase. Playable in 1 to 2
hours, and different every time, you may have an addic-
tion problem. $1 9.95

Fantasy Gamer's Package ****

Two programs: The first will display your choice of 99
different rooms in Hi-Res graphics at the touch of a key.
All standard sizes, plus some with pools, pillars, stairs,
odd shapes, etc. Saves lots of game time spent describ-
ing room sizes, shapes, and door locations. Includes a
super fast dungeon designing system and a completely
keyed sample dungeon module — ready to play. The
second program in the package generates COMPLETE
characters including abilities, race, classes, hit points,
age, thieving skills, much more, and also generates
monsters. This package was developed by an active DM,
and has been tested in his campaign. 20 pages of docu-
mentation. $1 9.95

Fantasy Gamer's 32K Package

Similar to our popular Fantasy Gamer's Package, but both
the Roomsand the Character & Monster Generator are in
memory at the same time. You make your selection from a
menu. In addition, you can select the Dice Bag, which will
roll just about any probability you need. $24.95

NEW THIS MONTH

Pandora's Game Box

Six games, and all are machine language, for fast execu-
tion. All use lots of graphics, some high resolution, some
low resolution. MUNCHMAN: Eat the dots in the maze,
but don't get caught. SPACE RAIDERS: Defend your
planet with lasers, smart bombs, and hyperspace. DIVE
BOMB: Bombs fall from the top of the screen. Can you
catch them before they hit? 35 skill levels mean even very
youngchildren can play. BLOCKADE: A uniquegame, and
one of most challenging we've seen. Can you fill the
screen with "O's"? It's not easy. SLOTS: Great Hi-Res
animation in this slot machine. SQUARES: A logic puzzle.
The computer will scramble the squares, and you must put
them back. Believe me, it's not easy! Why do we call this
Pandora's Box? Well, once you open it, you may not be
able to do anything else for days, and that could be trouble!
All six games, $24.95

Gangbusters

If you ever wanted to try a life of crime, this is your chance.
You will start out as a Punk, but by using brains, and a little
muscle, you can rise to become a Hood, Runner, Bookie,
Torpedo, Fence, Kingpin, or win by becoming Syndicate
Boss. Indulge yourself. Bribe a Judge, or the District
Attorney. Pay off the Cops. Take out a contract on another
player, but watch out, they may beafteryou. Buy trucking
companies, bootleg operations, houses of ill fame, but
remember, if you get caught, you may do some hard time.
Do you have what it takes to take over? This game will
keep you close to your rod, get you thinking about bullet-
proof glass in your car, and definitely bring out the worst
in you, but you'll love every minute of it. For 2 to 6 players,
takes about 2 hours to play. Every game is excitingly
different. $19.95

Ancient Wisdom Trilogy

Three programs, each drawing on the historical wisdom
of the ages.

TAROT Ancient Egyptian deck of cards may reveal
much. You can read past/present/future, circle of life, or
ask a specific question. Lots of documentation. $17.95
I CHING A Chinese wisdom so old its very origin is
shrouded in the mists of time. The ancient Chinese oracle
will give an answer to your question. What will the
hexagram reveal? $16.95

NUMEROLOGY What can be learned from the num-
bers? Do a character analysis, read yourdestiny, orchart
your monthly cycles. $14.95

All of these come with ample documentation — ready to
be used immediately. ALL THREE for just $39.95. Save
$9.90 over separate prices.

SEND A STAMPED, SELF-ADDRESSED LONG ENVELOPE FOR COMPLETE CATALOGUE

At Your Local Dealer, or

Your Personal check is welcome - no delay. Include
$1.50 shipping for each program ordered. (Shipping
free on $50.00 or larger orders). Az. residents add 4%
sales tax. Orders shipped within two days.

Send Order To PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE

9822 E. Stella Road
Tucson, Arizona 85730
(602) 886-1505

Page 62

The RAINBOW

TRACK (From Page 60)

1 ' THE TRACK (C) 1982 BY AL HINE
,113 WARD ST., NEW HAVEN, CT 065
19

10 CLS7:GOTO60999

81 PRINT0449, "PRESS ANY KEY TO C
ONTINUE" ;

82 A*= I NKE Y* : I F A*= " " G0T082ELSERE
TURN

83 P=PEEK ( 65280 ) : I FP= 1 260RP=254T
HENA*= " Y" : RETURN ELSEA*= "N" : RETU
RN

100 'BEGIN LOOP
110 FORLP=lTOL
115 Nl=l:N2=E-8
120 FORN=Nl TO N2

129 'VW-ORIGINAL W/ SLOWER STEER I
NG & LOW SPEED CORRECTION

130 J0=JOYSTK(0) : A=INT < . 5+ < J0-31
.5)/27)

131 Jl=JOYSTK(l) : J2=J1: IFJ1>30TH
EN J2=60- J 1

132 A=A* ( J2/50+1 )
141 C=T(N)

150 OX=X: X=X+A: IFX<0THENX=0ELSEI

FX>31THENX=31

160 Y=P0INT(X*2, 15)

170 IFF1=1THEN SOUND 165, 5: PRINTS

i92+0X,GR*; ELSE PRINT3192+0X , Rl

190 PRINTS)224+X,CA*;

200 PRINT5)480+C,RD*

220 PL A YSTR I NG* ( J 1 / 1 0 , "A" )

230 I F Y< >5THEN I FF 1 =0THENOC=OC-i- 1 :

Fl=l ELSE Fl=l ELSE F1=0

240 NEXTN

243 IFN2<E THENN 1 =N2 : N2=E : PR I NTS)
448+C- 1 , CHR* ( 1 9 1 ) ; : PR I NT3448+C+T
W,CHR*(191) ; :GOTO120
245 TI=TIMER/60

250 LT=TI-TP: IFLTXFT THENFT=LT:F
L=LP

256 TP=TI

270 PR I NT5>4 16," LAP " ; LP ; : PR I NT5>44

8, "TIME"; :PRINTUSINGPF*;LT;

280 G0SUB83 : I F A*= " Y " THENN=L : L=LP

September, 1982

:LP=N:GOTO290

282 IFTI>900THENN=L:L=LP:LP=N:PR
INT" OUT OF FUEL
290 NEXTLP

295 FORN=1TO600: NEXTN

300 CLS : PR I NT " L APS= " ; L : PR I NT " T I M

E= " ; : PR I NTUS I NGPF* ; T I : PR I NT " OFF

COURSE " ; OC ; " T I MES " : PR I NT

310 PR I NT "AVERAGE LAP TIME=";:PR

INTUSING PF*;TI/L; :PRINT" SECOND

320 PR I NT "FASTEST LAP WAS LAP";F

L; "AT"; : PR I NTUS I NGPF* ; FT

325 IFFT<LR GOSUB400

390 PRINT: GOTO1010

400 'NEW LAP RECORD

410 PRINT" NEW LAP RECORD " ;

420 I FLR=999THENPR I NT " " : ELSEPR I

NT " BY " ; : PR I NTUS I NGPF* ; LR-FT ; : PR

INT" ! "

430 LR=INT< (FT+.005) *100) /100:F4
=1:LB=LB+1

440 INPUT "WHAT IS YOUR NAME" ; DN*

: LH*=DN*

490 RETURN

1000 CLS* RUN RACE

1010 GOSUB1100:PRINT:PRINT"YOU A

RE IN A ";CM*:PRINT"IN THE PITS

AT "; : IFFI*<>" "THENPRINTFI* ELSE

PR I NT "YOUR NEW TRACK"

1020 IFLR0999THEN PR I NT "LAP REC

ORD IS " ; : PR I NTUS I NGPF* ; LR : PR I NT

"RECORD HELD BY " ; LH*

1030 PR I NT "ENGINE IS RUNNING": IN

PUT "HOW MANY LAPS" ; L : IFL=0GOTO10

1040 CLS:FORN=1TO15:PRINTTAB(10)

RD* : NEXTN : T I MER=6

1050 GOT 01 00

1090 GOSUB8600: RETURN

1100 ' INIT VARS

1110 N=0: X=13: Y=0:C=10:F1=0: A=0:
AF=0 : OX=0: J 1=0: OC=0 : TP=0 : T I =0
1120 R 1 *=CHR* ( 207 ) : RD*=STR I NG* ( T
W, 207) : GR*=CHR* ( 143)

1125 CA*=CHR*(175) :CM*="VW"

—Continued on Page 64

PtJicock Ent .

WE'RE PROUD

******** CMRILI3T 4.0 tXXXXXXSXXXttXXXMMXXXX P.U.P. XXXXXXXXXXXX
Its a PHONE BOOK. ADDRESS BOOK. Mail X 3 Utilititi for your Color ConPuttr
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CHECK OR MONEY ORDER CShiPPin9 Pr#P*id) COD <*hiPPin9 Added)
PERCOCK ENT. PHERSRNT RUN BOX 4S4 RD#3 CRNRSTOTfl, NY. 13032 313-697-7147

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page

The Platinum
worksaver

...Programming Made Easy

FULL SCREEN EDITING OF
BASIC PROGRAMS

With the PLATINUM WORKSAVER'S
editor, there's no more counting the
numbers of characters to delete or
change, or wondering if you deleted
too many or too few. You see the
whole line as it's edited. Changes,
deletes and inserts are automatic
and the cursor can be moved any-
where on the screen.

FULL SCREEN EDITING OF
NUMERIC AND STRING ARRAYS

But that's only the beginning! The
editor (Written in machine language)
also comes with a short, two line
BASIC subroutine that will allowyou
to use the full screen editor on your
numeric and string arrays. This is the
springboard you need for develop-
ing your own VisiCalc™ or word
processor.

SINGLE KEY ENTRIES OF
BASIC WORDS

So, the PLATINUM WORKSAVER
makes it easier to write useful pro-
grams and edit them, but that's not
all! Entering programs is a breeze
with single entry of over 80 basic
words, on a beautifully designed
KEYBOARD OVERLAY, color-keyed
to function. No need to memorize or
consult a conversion chart to find a
word.

PROGRAM CHAINING AND
DYNAMIC DEBUGGING

Now you can write, enter and change
programs easily, but what about de-
bugging? This is the frustrating, time
consuming aspect of programming
and frankly, the Color Computer
doesn't help you much . . . you have
to start the program over each time
you make a change. But not with
the PLATINUM WORKSAVER!! With
it you can change, delete, add and
rearrange or join lines. The special
reserved key is excellent for copying
or moving parts of lines to other
lines . . . plus, you can even LOAD
A WHOLE NEW PROGRAM without
disturbing the data you've created.

NUMERIC KEYPAD

We've solved another Color Com-
puter weakness. Press a control key
and letters J, K, L, U, I, O, P become
number keys 1-7. Numbers 8-0 re-
main in their normal positions. The
keypad numbers are clearly labeled
on the overlay.

A COLOR COMPUTER* MACHINE LANGUAGE ENHANCEMENT
PACKAGE THAT PROVIDES:

• Dynamic full screen editing of BASIC programs.

• Dynamic full screen editing of numeric and string arrays. The ad-
vanced user will be able to write VisiCalc™, word processor etc.!

• Single key entries for 80 commands and functions.

• Functionally laid out plastic keyboard overlay.

• Numeric Keypad conversion.

• Automatic line numbering.

• Best value per dollar than any otherenhancement package available.

With the Platinum worksaver , programming time
and hassle can be cut by 50%. You'll spend less time
typing, more time being creative with your Platinum
Enhanced 16K Color Computer!

LOOK WHAT JUST $30 CAN DO FOR YOUR 16K COLOR COMPUTER

Platinum Enhanced 16K vs.
Color Computer

Relocate 1 , join, duplicate individual
and unique sets of lines at the 1 push
of a button

Create 1 the following using only 31
keystrokes; CLS:A$-Stnngs$ (15"") +
MIDS (CLS, h 2) To change the -
symbol to = requires only 3 key-
stroke's!!]]

Retain the sequenc e of e ommands in
temporary me>mory with spec ial re-
serves i key

One keypush and the right side of the
keyboard converts to a numeric
Keypad

Correct bugs while your program is
running, without losing data.

Edit programs, data and strings using
the full screen editor.

Regular 16K Extended
Color Computer

Retype enti rely any li nes to be moved
or joined

Type that line using 47 keystrokes. To
change the symbol, Backspace and
retype using 33 more strokes!

Retype lost lines!

Stretch those fingers!

Oops' Lost data' Retype, Reload and

Save data while swearing a lot.

NO CAN DO!

THE PLATINUM WORKSAVER INCLUDES:

• Enhancement program, including a sample array Editor, on a high-quality
Agfa Cassette

• Fully labeled acetate keyboard overlay

• Complete instructions

• Loads in seconds, takes less than 2K

FEATURE

Full

Screen
Editing

Dynamic
Editing

Single

Function

Keys

Numeric
Keypad

Price

Platinum Enhanced 16K

Color Computer

yes

S 629.**

TRS-8r Model III

yes

$ 999.

TRS-8CT Model II

yes

S3450.

The^ PLATINUM WORKSAVER c osts $30. 00 plus
S3. 00 S&H (NY residents add 7% tax). To order
write:

PLATINUM SOFTWARE

P.O. Box 833
Pittsburgh, N.Y. 12901

Phone orders: (518) 643-2650

VISA. MAS 1 1 RCARD ACC'II'MD I'lRSONAI CHICKS TAKf
2- \ Wi 1 KS I O PUCK I SS. All orders shipped wilhin 21 hours

platinum
vofiware

You're Serious About
Your Color Computer?

SO ARE WE.

"t oletr t umiHiN'r \ IkS-HII ,ih' tv#v|i>Tt'tl If^fUftTJ*!^ 1 1\ t.HirK 1 itrp

v in no plLiv ?, VMt Miw-li d prii i ■ 1 ■ ■ ■ I IhK ( l 1 1 1 1 r ( iimiiiHi-r* tWc do not n-ll lhi< < omtMiti-rv

Page 64 The RAINBOW

TRACK (From Page 62)

1130 FT=999:FL=0:LT=0:LP=0:LO=0:
PF*= •'###.##"

1135 IFF2=1GOTO1190

1140 D I MT ( D ) : GOSUB9000 : F2= 1 : PLAY

"T25501L1"

1190 RETURN

2000 ' SET UP TRACK

2005 CLS

2007 PR I NT" YOU CREATE THE TRACK
USING" : PR I NT" THE RIGHT JOYSTICK
FOR CONTROL- ": PR I NT "MOVE STICK L
EFT OR RIGHT TO" : PR I NT "TURN, FOR
WARD TO GO FASTER.

2008 PR I NT: PR I NT "WHEN YOU ARE DO
NE, PRESS 'FIRE' BUTTON TO STOP.
": PR I NT: PR I NT "PLEASE ENTER TRACK

WIDTH

2009 INPUT" (BETWEEN 5 & 10)";TI:
IFTK5ORTIM0GOTO2090 ELSE TW=TI
: RD*=STR I NG* ( TW , 207 ) : C= 1 0 : T ( 0 ) =C
: LR=999 : LB=0 : LH*= " " : FE*= " " : F I *= "
" : F4=0

2010 FORN=1TO9:T(N)=C:PRINT5>480+
C,RD*: NEXTN

2015 FORN=10TOD-20

2020 J0=JOYSTK(0) :DT=INT(.5+(J0-
3D/20)

2025 T(N)=T(N-1)+DT

2026 I FT ( N )< 1 THENT ( N ) = 1 ELSE I FT ( N
) >21THENT(N)=21

2030 PR I NT3480+T ( N ) , RD*

2035 Jl=JOYSTK(l)

2040 FORM=1TO20+J1:NEXTM

2050 E=N: P=PEEK (65280) : IF P=1260

RP=254THENN= 1 000

2080 NEXTN

2085 I FT ( E ) >T ( 1 ) THENE=E+ 1 : T ( E ) =T
( E- 1 ) - 1 : PR I NT3480+T ( E ) , RD* : G0T02

2086 IFT(EXT(1)THENE=E+1:T(E)=T
( E- 1 ) + 1 : PR I NT3480+T ( E ) , RD* : G0T02
086

2087 FORN=1TO10:E=E+1:T(E)=T(1) :
PRINT3480+T (E) , RD*: NEXTN

2089 F3=1:F4=1:GOSUB1000

2090 CLS: RETURN
3000 * MENU
3010 GOSUB1100
3020 GOSUB3100
3025 G0SUB82

3030 IFA*="0"GOTO3090

3050 A»VAL(A*> : IFA-0GOTO3020

3060 ON A GOSUB10000,7000,5000,2

000 , 1 000

3070 GOTO3010

3090 GOSUB9500:END

3100 'MENU DISPLAY

3110 CLS: PRINTS>38, "T HE T R A

C K": PRINT

September, 1982

3114 PRINT" YOU ARE DRIVING A ";
CM*: IFFI$< >" "THENPRINT" AT ";FI*
3120 PR I NT: PR I NT" PLEASE SELECT:
": PRINT

3130 PR I NT " 1 . I NFORMAT I ON
3140 PRINT" 2- GO TO A TRACK
3142 I FF5=0THENPR I NT " 3. CHANGE
CARS

3145 PRINT" 4. CREATE A NEW TRAC

3147 IFFI*<>" "THENPRINT" 5.C0NT

INUE AT ";FI*

3150 PRINT

3180 PRINT" 0.QUIT

3190 RETURN

5000 CLS* SELECT CAR

5005 IFF5=1THENGOTO5090

5010 PR I NT: PR I NT" PLEASE SELECT

A CAR: ": PRINT

5020 PRINT" l.VW

5025 PRINT" 2.DATSUN

5030 PRINT" 3. LOTUS

5035 PRINT" 4. FERRARI

5038 PR I NT: PR I NT" 0- RETURN TO M

ENU

5040 PR I NT: PR I NT" NOTE: SELECT IN
G A NEW CAR WILL SEND YOU TO TH
E TEAM'S": PR I NT" HEADQUARTERS
5050 G0SUB82: A=VAL(A$>

5055 IFA*="0"THENGOTO5090

5056 I FA< 1 OR A >4THENGOTO5000

5059 GOSUB9500 : CLS : PR I NTS 1 69 , " EN
ROUTE TO " ; : PR I NT3235 , " " ;

5060 IFA=1THEN PRINT" WOLFSBURG" :
LOAD "VW",R

5065 I FA=2THEN PR I NT " J AP AN " : LOAD
" DATSUN" , R

5070 IFA=3THEN PR I NT " HETHEL " : LO A
D " LOTUS ",R

5075 IFA=4THEN PR I NT " MAR ANELLO " :

LOAD "FERRARI ",R
5090 RETURN
7000 'DISPLAY

7010 IFF5=1THEN CLS: INPUT "WHAT T
RACK " ; F I * : GOTO7085
7020 ER*=""
7030 GOSUB7100

7040 G0SUB82: IFA$="0"GOTO7090
7050 A=VAL(A$) : IFA$=" "THENS=S+9
ELSE I FA*= " T " THENS= 1
7060 I FA >0GOSUB7200 : I FER*= " " GOTO

7085ELSE I FER*= " " GOTO7040ELSEGOT
07030

7080 GOTO7000

7085 GOSUB8100:GOSUB1000

7090 S=l: RETURN

7100 CLS' D ISP TRACKS

7110 PRINT" # TRACK RECORD

SET BY": PRINT

7130 IFS>E2 THENS=1

—Continued on Page 66

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Paae 65

■0-

urn

NEW

MACRO-BOC

The Micro Works is pleased to announce the release of
its disk-based editor, macro assembler and monitor, writ-
ten tor Color Computer by Andy Phelps. THIS IS IT — The
ultimate programming tool!

The powerful 2-pass macro assembler features conditional
assembly, local labels, include files and cross referenced symbol
tables. Macro-80c supports the complete Motorola 6809 instruction set in
standard source format. There are no changes, constraints or shortcuts in
the source language definition. Incorporating all of the features of our
Rompack-based assembler (SDS80C), Macro-80c contains many more
useful instructions and pseudo-ops which aid the programmer and add
power and flexibility.

The screen-oriented text editor is designed for efficient and easy editing of
assembly language programs. The "Help Key" feature makes it simple
and fun to learn to use the editor. As the editor requires no line numbers,
you can use the arrow keys to position the cursor anywhere in the file.
Macro-80c allows global changes and moving/copying blocks of text. You
can edit lines of assembly source which are longer than 32 characters.

DCBUG is a machine language monitor which allows examining and
altering of memory, setting break points, etc.

The editor, assembler and monitor — as well as sample programs —
come on one Radio Shack compatible disk. Extensive documentation
included. Macro 80c Price: $99.95

YOU NEED

COLOR FORTH!!

Why?

•Forth is faster to program in than Basic
•Forth is easier to learn than Assembly Language
•Forth executes in less time than Basic

Forth is a highly interactive language like Basic, with
structure like Pascal and execution speed close to
that of Assembly Language. The Micro Works Color
Forth is a Rompack containing everything you need to
run Forth on your Color Computer.

Color Forth consists of the standard FORTH Interest
Group (FIG) implementation of the language plus
most of FORTH-79. It has a super screen editor with
split screen display. Mass storage is on cassette.
Color Forth also contains a decompiler and other aids
for learning the inner workings of this fascinating lan-
guage. It will run on 4K. 16K. and 32K computers.
Color Forth contains 1 0K of ROM , leaving your RAM
for your programs' There are simple words to
effectively use the Hi-Res Color Computer graphics,
joysticks, and sound. The 112-page manual includes
a glossary of the system-specific words, a full
standard FIG glossary and complete source listing,
COLOR FORTH ... THE BEST' From the leader in
Forth. Talbot Microsystems Price: $109.95

■ •

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM

The Micro Works Soltware Developmenl Syslem (SOS80C) is a complete 6809 editor, assembler and
monitor package contained in one Color Computer program pack 1 Vastly superior to RAM-based
assemblers/edilors. the SDS80C is non volatile meaning that il your applicalion program bombs, it can't
destroy your editor/assembler Plus it leaves almost all ot 16K or 32k RAM tree lor your program. Since
all three programs, editor, assembler and monitor are co-resident, we eliminate tedious program loading
when going back and lorlh Irom editing to assembly and debugging 1

The powerlul screen-oriented Edilot lealures linds. changes, moves, copys and much more. All keys have
convenient aulo repeat (lypamatic) and since no line numbers are required, the lull widlh ol Ihe screen
may be used to generate well commented code

The Assembler leatures all ot the lollowing complete 6809 instruction set; conditional assembly: local
labels assembly to cassette tape or to memory, listing to screen or printer; and mnemonic error codes
instead ot numbers

The versatile monitor is tailored for debugging programs generated by the Assembler and Edilor. It
lealures examine/change ot memory c registers, casselleloadand save, breakpoints and more SDS80C
Price: $89.95

MICROTEXT: COMMUNICATIONS

VIA YOUR MODEM!

Nowyou can use your printer with your modem 1 Your computer can be .yr-.
intelligent printing terminal Talk to nmeshare services or to other personal
computers, print simultaneously through a second printer port, and re-
display text stored in memory Dump to a cassette lape. or printer, or both
Microtext can be used with any printer or no printer at all. It leatures user-
conligurable duDlex/panly for special applicalions. and can send any ASCII
character. You 'll lind many uses lor this general purpose module 1 Microtext
is available tn ROMPACK ready-to-use. lor $59.95.

PARALLEL Pfl I NTER I NTEfl FACE ■ ■ .4 la prirarlH convene* allows use ol all
standard parcel printers PiflQC plugs into the serial output pon" teaming your
Romoack slot Iree Vou supply ?ne primer ca&ie P1BCC Prrca- 569 95

Star Blaster - - Blast your way through an asteroid field in this action-packed Hi-Res graphics game. Available in ROMPACK: requires 16K. Price: $39.95
Pac Attack — Try your hand at this challenging game by Computerware. with fantastic graphics, sound and action 1 Cassette requires 16K. Price: $24.95
Berserk - - Have tun zapping robots with this Hi-Res game by Mark Data Products. Cassette requires 16K. Price: $24.95
Adventure — Black Sanctum and Calixto Island by Mark Data Products. Each cassette requires 16K. Price: $19.95 each.

Cave Hunter - - Experience vivid colors, bizarre sounds and errie creatures in hot pursuit as you wind your way through a cave maze in search of gold treasures. This
exciting Hi-Res game by Mark Data Products requires 16K for cassette version. Price: $24.95

Also Available: Machine Language Monitor ★ 2-Pass Disassembler ★ Memory Upgrade Kits ★ We Slock 64K Chips

★ Parts and Services ★ Books ★ Call or write tor intormation

THC $\0©L^o)

MasterCharge/Visa Accepted
California residents add 6% tax.

GOOD STUFF!

P.O. BOX 1110, DEL MAR, CA 92014 [714] 942-2400

The RAINBOW

Page 66

TRACK (From Page 64)
7140 IFS<1THENS=1
7150 F=S+8:IFF>E2 THENF-E2
7160 FORN=S TOF
7170 PRINTUSING"##";N; : PRINT"
LEFT*(TF*(N) ,27)

7180 NEXTN

7181 PRINTS>352,ER*

7183 PRINT3384, "PLEASE SELECT A
TRACK #"

7185 T*=" OR <":IFF<E2 THENPRI
NTT*+" SPACE > FOR MORE TRACKS "ELS
E I FS > 1 THENPR I NTT*+ " T > FOR TOP OF
LIST"

7188 PRINT" OR <0> TO RETURN T
O MENU
7190 RETURN
7200 * GET TRACK

7205 N*= " " : ER*= " " : I FF< 1 0GOTO72 1 1
ELSEPR I NT3408 , A* ;

72 1 0 N*=A* : G0SUB82 : I F A*=CHR* ( 8 ) T
HENPR I NT3408 , " " ; : ER*= " " : G0T072
90

7211 N*=N*+ A* : N= V AL ( N* )

7230 IFN>E2 THENPRI NT3352, "SORRY
, ";N*;" IS NOT A VALID #";:PRIN
TS>408 , " " ; : ER*= " " : GOTO7290
7240 FI*=MID*(TF*(N) ,4,8) : IFFI*=
" " THENER*= " I NV AL I D NUMBER " : G0T07
290

7290 RETURN

8000 'LOAD TRACK FROM DISK

CANADIAN
80C USERS

AT LAST! YOU GAN SET THE BEST SOFTWARE FOR
YOUR COMPUTER FRCM A CANADIAN DlSTRIBUrOR

-Don't worry about the low Canadian dollar.
-No more taxes or duty to pay.
-Forget the hassle , that goes with baying
from the United States •

CCMPUTERWARE:

Pac Attack
Stonu

Starship Chameleon

MARK DATA PRODUCTS :
Astro Blast
Cave Umter
Calixto Island

$ 32.95
$ 32*95
$ 32.95 Can*

$ 32.95

$ 26.U5 Can.

More tapes are available now. Write for
our growing lister order direct from
this ad*

Save time
and money

TABBY ENTERPRISES

Box 1353 R.R.#1
Yaraouth,H.S.

B5A UA5

September, 1982

8007 CLS: PRINTS>169, "EN ROUTE TO

:PRINTS>236,FI*;
8010 E=0

8025 FE*=FI*+"/TRK"

8030 OPEN"I",#l,FE*

8040 IF EOF(1)=-1GOTO8080

8050 INPUT#1,T
8052 E=E+1

8055 T(E)=T

8070 GOTO8040

8080 CLOSE#l

8082 GOSUB9100

8085 CLS

8090 F3=1:F4=0: RETURN
8100 " LOAD TRACK FROM TAPE
8102 IFF5=0GOSUB8000:GOTO8150

8105 E=0

8106 PR I NT "TO LOAD IN AN EXISTIN
G TRACK": PR I NT "FROM CASSETTE, ":P
RINT"POSITION TAPE & PRESS <PLAY
> " : PR I NT " THEN PRESS ANY KEY":GOS
UB82

8110 FE*=LEFT*(FI*,8)

8115 OPEN"I",#-l,FE*

8117 INPUT#-1 ,FI*,LR,LH*,TW

8120 IF E0F(-1)=-1G0T08145

8125 INPUT#-1,T

8130 E=E+1

8135 T(E)=T

8140 GOTO8120

8145 CLOSE#-l

8150 CLS

8190 F3=1:F4=0: RETURN
8500 " SAVE TRACK TO DISK
8503 I FF I *<> " " GOSUB9600 : GOTO8590
8505 CLS: PR I NT "SAVE TRACK? (Y OR
N) ":G0SUB82: IFA*="N"GOTO8590: IF
A*O"Y"GOTO8505

8510 INPUT "NAME OF TRACK" ; FI*: IF
FI*=" "GOTO8510
8520 GOSUB9600

8522 PRINTS>33,"I AM SAVING THE T
RACK

8525 FE*=LEFT*<FI*,8)+"/TRK"

8530 OPEN"0",#l,FE*

8540 FORN=lTOE

8550 PRINT#1,T(N)

8570 NEXTN

8580 CLOSE#l

8590 RETURN

8600 'SAVE TRACK TO TAPE

8605 I FF5=0GOSUB8500 : GOTO8690

8607 IFF4=0GOTO8690

8610 CLS s PR I NT "DO YOU WANT TO SA

VE THE TRACK": PR I NT "AND LAP RECO

RD? " : G0SUB82 : I FA*= " N " GOTO8690 : I F

A*<>"Y"GOTO8610

8620 I FFE*="" THEN INPUT "NAME OF T
RACK " ; F I * : I FF I *= " " GOTO8690

—Continued on Page 68

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 67

NEW! FOR THE

COLOR COMPUTER!

\*- - " ■-

j " K - L ■■ r "

■ ■■ + ■ -

i r l r
i 1

Med Systems is proud to announce Its first major
software releases for the TRS-30 Color Computer.
Both games are written In machlnaJanguage,
feature full-color, high resolution graphics, super
sound effects, and Incredible playing speed. Both
are original games designed and written
by Kenneth Kalish, 6009 wizard 1 .

Invader's Revenge

You are the last space invader. The cursed
humans have destroyed all your compatriots. The
human ships now prowl the space lanes, and
their laser base fires at you with deadly accuracy.
Your goal. ..REVENGE 1 Wipe out as many of their
ships as you can. avoid the photon blasts, and
aim for their valuable flagship! Invader's Revenge
features multiple difficulty leveis and one or two
player game selection. /

Phantom Slayer

They are the mutant phantoms. You are the Phan-
tom Slayer. Enter the deadly catacombs and
destroy the phantoms. Wield your laser pistol,
and attend to your proximity detector. One touch
by a phantom is fatal, so if your first shot fails,
turn and run! Phantom Slayer is a real-time game
executed with full-screen, three dimensional
graphics. It features multiple difficulty levels and
a training mode.

Invader's Revenge 16K cassette
PhantomSlayer 16K cassette

■ iii

$19.95
$19.95

Please add $2.00 for first class postage.
$4.00 for overseas air mail.

NO EXTENDED BASIC REQUIRED.

MED SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

P.O. BOX 3558 CHAPEL HILL, NC 2751 4
TO ORDER, CALL 1 -800-334-5470

Or see your dealer.

Page 68 The RAINBOW

TRACK (From Page 66)
8625 PR INT "POSITION TAPE & PRESS

< RECORD > ; " : PR I NT " THEN PRESS ANY

KEY M :G0SUB82

8630 FE*=LEFT*(FI*,8)

8640 OPEN"0",#-l,FE*

8645 PRINT#-1,FI*,LR,LH*,TW

8650 FORN=lTOE

8660 PRINT#-1,T(N)

8670 NEXTN

8680 CLOSE#-l
8690 RETURN

9000 'LOAD RECORDS

9005 IFF5=1GOTO9090

9010 DIMTF*<60)

9020 OPEN" I " , #1 , "TRACKS/DAT"

9030 IF EOF(1)=-1GOTO9070

9040 E2=E2+1

9050 L I NE I NPUT# 1 , TF* < E2 )

9060 GOTO9030

9070 CLOSE#l

9080 GOSUB9900

9090 RETURN

9100 'DECODE RECORDS

9110 GOSUB9800

9120 IFTF*=""THEN LR=999: LM$=" " :

CH*=" M :GOTO9190

9125 LR=VAL (MID* <TF*, 12,7) )

9130 LH*=MID*(TF*,20,8)

9135 CH*=MID*(TF*,28,8)

9137 LB=VAL(MID*(TF*,36,3) >

9140 TW=VAL(f1ID*(TF* 1 39,3) > sRD*=

ARCADE STYLE GAME ( 16K COLOR JOYSTICK-ML) Tape $ 19.95

Ohio Res. Include 6% Ta«
Immediate shipment ! Visa, MasterCard Money Orders, or phone
order. Two weeks personal checks.

Write today for a FREE GAME and UTILITY
Catalogue!

ATTENTION WRITERS

We review and publish Color Computer programs

CHROMATIC

SOFTWARE CO.

50 Fillmore St reet Dept. 101
Dayton,OH 45410 (513) 252-9306

September, 1982

STRING* (TW, 207)

9190 RETURN

9500 * SAVE RECORDS

9503 IFF5=1GOTO9590

9505 IFF7=0GOTO9590

9508 CLS : PR I NT3>33 , " I AM MAILING

THE LAP RECORDS TO PARIS

9510 OPEN " 0 " , # 1 , 11 TRACKS/ DAT 11

9520 F0RN=1T0E2

9530 PRINT#1,TF*(N)

9540 NEXTN

9550 CLOSE#l

9590 RETURN

9600 'ENCODE RECORDS

9605 IFF4=0GOTO9690

9607 CLS : PR I NT3>33 , " I AM RECORD IN

G THE LAP RECORD" :F7=1

9610 GOSUB9800

9625 TF*=STRING*<49, " '»>+'»/"

9628 MID*(TF*, 1 , 2 ) =RIGHT* (STR* < I

NT <LB+1000*LR/E) ) , 2)

9630 MID*(TF*,4,8)=FI*

9635 MID*(TF*, 12, 7) =STR* <LR)

9640 MID*(TF*,20,8)=LH*

9645 MID*(TF*,28,8)=CH*

9648 MID*(TF*,36,3)=STR*(LB)

9650 MID*(TF*,39,3)=STR*(TW)

9660 TF*(CT)=TF*

9680 GOSUB9900

9690 RETURN

9800 " LOOK UP CURRENT TRACK
9810 TF*=" M

9812 IFLEN(FI*><8 THEN FI*=FI*+S
TRING*(8-LEN(FI*) , " ")
9820 F0RN=1T0E2

9830 M*=MID*(TF*(N) ,4,8) : IFM*=FI
* THEN TF*=TF*(N) :CT=N:N=E2
9840 NEXTN

9880 IFTF*=""THENE2=E2+1:CT=E2

9890 RETURN

9900 '**SORT*»

9910 F0RN1=E2 TOl STEP-1

9920 HI*=TF*(1):HI=1:F6=1

9940 F0RN=1T0N1

9950 I FTF* < N ) >=H I *THEN H I *=TF* ( N
) :HI=N

9955 IFTF*(NKTF*(N-1)THENF6=0
9960 NEXTN

9970 TF*(HI)=TF*(N1) :TF*(N1)=HI*
<?975 IFF6=1THENN1 = 1
9980 NEXTN1
9990 RETURN
10000 ' INFO

10010 GOSUB10100:GOSUB81
10020 GOSUB10200:GOSUB81
1 0030 GOSUB 1 0300 : G0SUB81
10090 RETURN

10100 CLS* **INF01»*

10101 PR I NTT AB ( 8) "INFORMATION"

10102 PRINT

September, 1982

10103 PRINT" YOU ARE READY TO PL
AY A"

10104 PRINT" UNIQUE COMPUTER GAM
E. "

10105 PRINT

10106 PRINT" REVOLUTION GIVES YO
U CONTROL"

10107 PRINT" OF A RACE CAR, USIN
G THE RIGHT"

10108 PRINT" JOYSTICK FOR STEER I
NG (LEFT"

10109 PRINT" TO RIGHT) AND THROT
TLE"

10110 PRINT" (FORWARD IS FAST, B
ACK IS"

10111 PRINT" SLOW) . "
10190 RETURN

10200 CLS' **INF02**

10201 PRINT

10202 PRINT" FIRST SELECT A TRAC
K TO"

10203 PRINT" DRIVE ON."

10204 PRINT

10205 PRINT" THE COMPUTER WILL G
UIDE YOU"

10206 PRINT" THROUGH STARTING YO
UR LAPS. "

10207 PRINT

10208 PRINT" IF YOU WANT TO COME
INTO THE"

10209 PRINT" PITS, HOLD DOWN THE
R I GHT "

10210 PRINT" JOYSTICK'S 'FIRE' B
UTTON AS"

10211 PRINT" YOU PASS THE START/
FINISH"

10212 PRINT" LINE. "
10290 RETURN

10300 CLS' **INF03»*

10301 PRINT

10302 PRINT" THE OTHER SELECTION
S ON THE"

10303 PRINT" MAIN MENU WILL ALLO
W YOU"

10304 PRINT" TO CHANGE CARS OR C
REATE A"

10305 PRINT" NEW TRACK OF YOUR 0
WN, WHICH"

10306 PRINT" CAN BE SAVED FOR LA
TER USE. "

10307 PRINT

10308 PRINT" IF YOU PRESS THE WR
ONG KEY"

10309 PRINT" ANYWHERE, OR WANT T
O RETURN"

10310 PRINT" TO THE MAIN MENU IN
STEAD OF"

10311 PRINT" CARRYING OUT THE PR
ESCRIBED"

10312 PRINT" ACTION, PRESS <0> 0

—Continued on Next Page

The RAINBOW

Page 69

- COMPUTER SHACK -

Color Tape Copy $1 5.95

By bob Withers

There have been a few copy programs on the market for the Color Computer
but none can compare with the ColorTape copy This program is designed
so that you do not lose any of your valuable programs or data bases.

It will make a backup of any Color Computer Tape; Machine language, data,
or a basic program.

First load color tape copy into your CC. Then it prompts you to put your
original copy into the tape recorder. After i t loads the program into memory
it tells you to put a blank tape into the recorder and press the record button.
It then writes the program to a new tape.

You'll never have to worry about your little kids destroying your $20.00
tapes.

COLOR ENHANCER ™

MM.

Did you ever notice how deep ihe colors are in a
iircade yame and how the colors on your TV set
are never lhat deep and dark Did you ever want
deep dark reds and vivid blues and bmashing
yellows and % reens > Well you can wilh Computer
Shacks new color enhancer lor the Color Monitor

This is a special screen manuraciuredtorCompuier
Shack. It fits over your TV screen and intensifies
Ihe colors on your screen I know il is hard lo
believe but it really works We are so sure you will
hkethem.that if youorderone andyoudon 1 like it
you can send it back lor a lull relund (We at
Computer Shack will always give you a relund il
you don t like something but we normally char yea
lO u o restockiny lee. But not on this Menu

The price is S 1 9 95 tor a normal 1 J X 10 We cany
the 1 3 X t 0 s m stock and will nuike any diner si^h
on request Larger one s will cost slightly more
and lake 2 weeks to make

COLOR DIRECT
FILE TRANSFER

Tape Version $19.95

By Bob Withers

Now a program for the Color Computer that allows you to download basic
programs from Bullet-80 systems. It will also send and receive programs from
other Color Computers, Model I's and Model Ill's.

Direct File Transfer (DFT) is a modem program which will handle the direct
uploading and downloading of machine language, word processor files, text
files, and basic programs directly to tape with no conversion necessary. It is the
program you must have todownload from any Bullet 80 system. DFT also has a
chat mode, and has software controlled half and/or full duplex.

It also has a unique feature which can save you much time. It automatically
converts all model I and III tokens. This allows you to run most model I and III
basic programs just astheyaredownloaded on your color Computer. This also
allows you to send basic programs to any Model I or III owner who has a copy of
DFT. (DFT is very popular with the Model I and III).

Hayes Smart Modem

The very finest modem you can buy for the Color Computer or any other
computer. Features include auto dial, auto answer, built it speaker, LED signals,
auto redial, etc.

300 Baud $329.00 1 200 Baud $499.00

This is Computer Shack's first add in the Rainbow but we have been in the Mail
order business almost two years. We have built aexcellent reputation for quality
and good service. We take care of our customers. During the last few months
over 90% ot our orders have been filled within 24 hours.

GAMES

Our two favorite games here at Computer
Shack are StarFire by Intellectronics and
Ghost Gobbler

Starfire is a real exciting game based on the
arcade game DEFENDER" and has excellent
color, sound and graphics $1 9.95

Ghost Gobbler is the ColorComputers version
of P ACM AN" a very good version . .. $19.95

COLOR SCARFMAN 4K $17.95

COLOR METEOROIDS $19 95

COLOR TAPE DIRECTORY $1 4.95

COLOR MASTER CONTROL $1 9.95

COLOR DISASSEMBLER $14.95

COLOR BONANZA $39.95

COMPUTER SHACK

1 f-n 1 Ect son

Pontiac. MicWqan 48054 (31 3)

Master charge and Visa OK. Please add $3.00 for Shipping in U.S.A. - $5.00 for
Canada or Mexico - Proper postage outside of U.S. -Canada- Mexico.

DEALERS: We are distributors for all items in this ad. Write for our catalog and
price list.

The RAINBOW

Page 70

TRACK (From Page 69)
R < ENTER >. M
10390 RETURN

60000 'BREAK DISABLE

60001 C*=CHR*<175)

60006 PRINT© 43, 11 WELCOME" ;

60007 PRINT© 141, "TO";

60008 PRINTS>261,STRING*< 18, C*) ; :
PRINT© 293,C*;"T HE TRACK"
;C*; :PRINTS>325, STRING* (18, C*) ;

60009 PRINT© 453, " (C) 1982 BY AL
HINE";

600 1 0 P0KE&H7EA9 , 83 : I FPEEK ( &H7EA
9)=83GOTO60030

60020 CLEAR700 , &H3EB0 : GOTO60040
60030 CLEAR3000 , &H7EB0 : J=&H4000 :
J 1 =&H40

60040 IFPEEK(8cH3EB9+J)<> &H32 TH
EN F0RI=&H82B9 TO &H831E:P0KE I-
&H4400+J , PEEK ( I ) : NEXT ELSE 60080
60050 FOR 1=0 TO 2: POKE &H3EBD+I+
J, 18: NEXT: I=8cH3FlE+J
60060 POKE I , &H26 : POKE 1+1,3: POKE I
+2 , &H7E : POKE I +3 , &H83 : POKE I +4 , &H2
2:P0KEI+5,&H7E

60070 P0KEI+6,&HA4:P0KEI+7,&H4C
60080 P0KE&H19B,&H3E+J1:RUN 6008
5

60085 I FPEEK (188) =6THENF5= 1 : FORN
=1TO500:NEXTN

60087 I FPEEK ( &H7E A9 ) =83THEND=800
ELSED=150

60090 TW= 1 0 : E=0 : GOTO3000
60999 PMODE0 : PCLEAR 1 : GOTO60000

Software Review...

These Programs Will Teach
preschoolers Basic Concepts

Two programs, Alphabet and Counter are contained on a
Pre-School Pak that can teach your very young children
important counting and letter recognition skills.

While both programs seem to be fairly simple in concept,
they are well-founded in background. The theory is that if
you can teach a youngster how to recognize letters — or how
to count — half the battle with reading and arithmatic is won.

Alphabet displays letters on the high-resolution graphic
screen. The child must then press the letter on the typewriter
keyboard which corresponds to the letter displayed. When
he or she does so, a happy face appears and a pleasant
musical tone is played, if the keypress is wrong, nothing
happens. In short, no negative reinforcement.

Counter uses shapes of various kinds — a bird, a turtle and
the like — displayed on the high-res screen. The child can
count the number of shapes and enters the proper number
from the keyboard. When the correct response is given, the
proper number is written on a screen, a bullseye appears and
an arrow moves to hit the target. As in Alphabet there is no
response for a wrong answer.

We tried these out on several pre-schoolers and all
enjoyed playing the "games." In short, the children viewed

September, 1982

the letter and number recognition excercises as "playtime"
rather than "work time.'" An important point with small
children.

We believe your children will find these programs
enjoyable and that they will learn something while playing
them.

(Harmonycs, P.O. Box 1573, Salt Lake City, UT 84110-
1573, $6.95 for both)

Software Review...

Mathpacl Has An Fine
Repeat Feature Built In

This program allows the user to bedrilled and tested on all
sorts of mathematics problems. It is a very open-ended
program in that the person setting it up is given a wide
variety of parameters from which to choose.

The set-up includes deciding which mathematical
operator (addition, subtraction, multiplication or division)
the student will use and which mode will be used. A "drill
mode" allows a set of problems to be presented to the user
while the "test mode" gives a score. There is an option to
have the score sent out to the printer.

The teacher is also given the option of deciding the
number of problems which can be part of a set and the level
of problem difficulty. This option, however, only allows the
setting of an upper parameter, so there is no way to "mask
out" easier problems.

For instance, if a "5" is selected as the difficulty level, the
highest number the program can use is a five (as in 5 plus 5).
However, if you merely wished to test for the 1 1 and 12
tables in multiplication, there is n o way to eliminate the 1-10
tables as well.

Use of an optional "repeat" feature in Mathpacl is a key
to the use of this program. If the "repeat" feature is added,
the program will continually cycle through sets of problems
of the length, difficulty level and mode you choose. This
could allow you to test or drill an entire class without the
necessity of re-setting things up on the computer. And, with
the print option, you would get a listing of the scores as well.

This program uses a different color screen and has
positive and negative auditory responses. In addition, an
incorrect answer is never left on the screen. Students are
asked to input their names and are recognized by name as
they progress through either test or drill.

This seems like a fairly complete program with a range of
options. Besides the inability of the program to define the
lower limits of the testing (which could be modified, we
would assume), we believe there is one other drawback,
albiet a minor one. That is the use of the asterisk (*) and
slash mark (/) for multiplication and division signs. While
perfectly acceptable in a computer environment, we believe
a simple "X" for multiplication and some form of a division
sign would have been better visually.

Mathpacl has many other advantages, however. Chief
among them is its ability to re-cycle through drill or test for
an entire group of children. And, since there is auditory
feedback, the teacher can monitor a student's progress just
by listening to the tones the computer generates.

(Prickly-Pear Software, 9811 E. Stella Road, Tucson,
AZ 85730, $19.95, plus $1.50 shipping)

September, 1982 The RAINBOW Page 71

Software Review...

Inventory Control Program

Has Many Useful Features i

Inventory is one of the most difficult parts of a business to
keep straight. In short, it is very much something that
"should be done by a computer. " Now, you can with your
80C.

Inventory Control allows you to keep track of as many as
1500 items on a disk system. Not only does it keep track of
merchandise (or anything else) in inventory, but it also sorts
inventory by stock numbers, provides an easy-to-read
printout and alerts you when it is time to re-order any item
you may have in stock.

The user can "create" an inventory by entering a stock or
code number for the merchandise, a description of the item
and the number on hand. The program also prompts for the
cost of each item, the retail cost and the "re-order 1 ' quantity.
As each item is entered, you have the option of continuing
on or stopping.

Once items are placed in the inventory, you have the
ability to make changes quickly and easily by calling them
up by stock number. There are two methods of doing this,
either through inventory changes and file maintenance.

Inventory changes are the things you would useevery day
to record the number of sales and the like. File maintence
lets you make significant changes— such as your cost or the
retail cost of the item.

The reports generated by this program include, of course,
all the information you input, plus percentage of profit and
the value of your inventory both at cost and at retail on each
item. There is also a total profit figure, assuming all
inventory is sold.

We had no difficulty running the program. There are a
couple of quirks which were not fully explained in the
documentation — such as a requirement to sort the file
before running a printout.

Inventory Control allows seven digits or letters for stock
numbers (and, in fact, expects leadingzeros or blank spaces)
and gives 1 1 spaces for item descriptions. Value of items may
be entered without trailing zeroes ($2.00 may be entered as
merely "2"). In addition, a special re-order column is shown
on the printout (which includes date and page numbers) so
that you can quickly spot items in which your inventory is
getting low.

We feel this is a good program which can be helpful in a
small business environment that does not keep more than
1500 items in stock at any one time.

(Teague Programming and Consulting, 518 N. 30th
Street, P.O. Box 728, Paducah, KY 42001, $69.95)

About the RAINBOW Seal

The RAINBOW SEAL OF CERTIFICATION is given to pro-
ducts which have been sent to us for that purpose. The
SEAL means only that the product does, indeed, exist—
and that it will run if a program. The SEAL does not guar-
antee the product will meet your expectations. It is not
a "Seal of Approval"— only a seal certifying existance.

Readers are cautioned not to attach any signifi-
cance to the size of the SEAL in any advertisment or
other display. It is furnished in several sizes to advertisers
who meet our criteria so they may work it into layouts as
easily as possible.

We will appreciate knowing of instances of violation
of use of the SEAL.

G0LDLABEL

BLANK CASSETTES

★ PREMIUM 5 SCREW SHELL
★ DIGITAL DATA QUALITY ★ LOW NOISE
★ MADE IN USA ★GUARANTEED

1 DDZEN C-10 LENGTH $ 8.00 + $2.00 shpg.

2 DOZEN C-10 LENGTH $15.00 + $3.50 shpg.

1 DOZEN C-30 LENGTH $11.00 + $2.00 shpg.

2 DOZEN C-30 LENGTH $20.00 + $3.50 shpg.
Individual storage boxes (sold only with cassettes) $2.40 per dozen.
CASSETTE CADDY $5.49 + $1 .50 shpg. II for $10.00 + $2.50
shpg. /S3.95 with cassette purchase (no shpg. chg. on caddy).

Foreign orders include shipping at 16 oz. per dozen tapes/9 oz. per
caddy/13 oz. per dozen boxes. Shipments in U.S. are by UPS (no
delivery to P0 boxes). Add $1.50 per dozen tapes for First Class
Mail.

!!! NEW !!! CASSETTE CADDY !!! NEW !!!

TIRED OF MISPLACED TAPES AND A CLUTTERED WORK AREA? TRY OUR
HINGED TOP SMOKED PLASTIC CADDY THAT HOLDS 12 TAPES IN ONE
HANHY inr.ATIflN

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

Visa and Mastercard accepted (include expiration date) Orders paid by
cashier's check, money order or bankcard are shipped within 48 hours.
Personal check takes 1-2 wks. No COD. Some foreign sales are restricted.
Texas residents add 5% tax.

SEND ORDER TO:

COLOR SOFTWARE SERVICES

P0 BOX 1723, DEPT. R
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401

★ DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED * QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE

Page 72

Utility...

I he RAINBOW

Missing Graphics? Here Are Graphics!

September, 1982

By David Steyer

Ever since I got my 80C, I have wanted a way to display
graphics on my 80-column non-graphic printer. I have
devised such a program and want to share it with other
users.

This self-explanatory program prints out three 128-line
pages that, when taped together side-to-side, create a poster-
size copy of your graphics screen.

Since it has the ability to print a poster, I think it will be a
nice program for the people who have graphic printers as
well. And, you can even print banners simply by using one
part of the screen f or the letters that you would like to use in
the banners. Experiment with this one a bit and I am sure
you will find all sorts of uses.

Because of physical limitations, this program cannot
work in PMODE4.

Enjoy!

The listing:

1 0 PM0DE3 , 1

20 PCLS

30 SCREEN 1,0

35 FOR Z=l TO 20

40 Q=RND(240)

50 CIRCLE (30,30) ,Q

60 NEXT Z

1000 PMODE 3,1: SCREEN 1,0

1010 A*="» .**"

1020 FOR X=255 TO 0 STEP-2

1030
1040
1050

,1>
1060

1070
1080

1090

1100

1110

1120

, 1)
1130

1140

1150

1 160

1170

1180

1190

,1)
1200

1210

•i

B*=STRING*<24,

FOR Y=0 TO 55 - -"•"^

B*=B*+M I D* ( A* , PPO I NT ( X , Y ) + 1

NEXT Y:PRINT#-2, B*: NEXT X
Q=l

GOSUB 1230

FOR X=255 TO 0STEP -2
B*=" "

FOR Y=56 TO 135

B*=B*+M I D* < A* , PPO I NT ( X , Y ) + 1

NEXT Y:PRINT#-2, B*: NEXT X
Q=2

GOSUB 1230

FOR X=255 TO 0 STEP -2
B*=" "

FOR Y=136 TO 191

B*=B*+M I D* ( A* , PPO I NT ( X , Y ) + 1

NEXT Y:PRINT#-2, B*: NEXT X
PRINT#-2, STRING* (10, 10)
1220' END

1230 PRINT#-2, STRING*(10, 10)
1240 CLS: PRINT "PAGE NUMBER "Q" IS
COMPLETE- TEAR OFF PAGE AND P
RESS < ENTER > TO START PAGE"Q+1
1250 IF INKEY*OCHR*<13) THEN 12
50 ELSE SCREEN 1,0: RETURN

tware

introduces

Silly Syntax

a sensational and educational version of a popular party
game for the TRS-80" Color Computer . . ,

For 1 to 10 players. Load a story into the computer. The
players are asked to supply a noun, verb, part of body,
celebrity, etc. which the program uses to complete the
story The story, which is displayed when all words are
entered, will be hilarious. Silly Syntax requires Extended
Basic For $19.95. you get a user guide and a tape
containing the Silly Syntax game and two stories.

You can create your own stories or order story tapes
from the selection below.

Silly Syntax stories • Ten stories per tape.

SS - 004 - Current Events
SS - 006 - Adventure I Sci-Fi
SS - 007 - Potpourri

SS - 001 - Fairy Tales
SS - 002 - Sing Along
SS - 003 - X-Rated

Each story tape is $9.9% 10% off for 3 or more story tapes.

Ohio Residents add 5.5% sales tax.
Add $1.00 per cassette for postage and handling.
Dealer inquiries invited.

RAINBOW

SUGAR SOFTWARE
2153 Leah Lane
Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068
(614)861-0565

'TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp.

)l Lware

Introduces . . .

Auto Run

Auto Run is a utility program for the TRS-80* Extended
Basic Color Computer. It is used to add convenience and
professionalism to your software.

Auto Run will create a tape which will consist of a
machine language loader followed by your basic or
machine language program. With this tape, a simple
CLOADM command will load and start the loader which
will load and start your program.

You may design a title screen with the graphics editor
which will display as your program loads. Also you may
record a vocal or musical introduction preceding your
program. The Auto Run loader wilt control the audio
on /off.

Basic programs can be set to load anywhere in memory
above $600 (the PCLEAR 0 page).

Software authors: The Auto Run prefix may be
appended to your software products.

Auto Run is $14.95 and includes complete documenta-
tion and an assembly source listing.

Ohioans add 5.5% sales tax.
Add $1.00 per tape for postage and handling.
C O D. orders are welcome.
Dealer inquiries invited.

RAINBOW

SUGAR SOFTWARE
2153 Leah Lane
Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068
(614)861-0565

'TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 73

1 0 0 I I

The Assembly Corner

Questions . . . Questions
And Some Answers For
| Everyone

By Dennis S. Lewandowski
Rainbow Contributing Editor

(Mr. Lewandowski, an experienced assembly language
programmer and teacher, is president of DSL Computer
Products.)

Well, here it is September. I started writing this series
back in April. So, this is the sixth month and I hope you
have been following it from the beginning.

Last month I promised something different. I have
received some interesting questions since the start of this
series and rather than have them run in the Letters column,
we thought it would be better if they were answered here.

I would like to thank all the people who are following my
series and I hope it is helpful and educational. The errors
which seem to crop up in the listings I send to the
RAINBOW were not done intentionally. Rather, the typos
were made while the articles were transcribed to the
typesetter (I hope).

One of the letters I speak of was from a rather surprising
source, a yery proficient and talented BASIC programmer.
After all, most of us started out with BASIC. The method I
have tried to present is to compare BASIC concepts with
machine language code. I also feel it is necessary to explain
what the program is doing and why it is doing it.

What I propose to do is that if there are any questions
about how or why, I will answer them in the column every
six months. And, as Lonnie's photocopy machine may not
be able to take the strain, please send any questions you may
have to me at DSL Computer Products, P.O. Box 1 1 13,
Dearborn, MI 48121. I try to answer all mail as quickly as
possible, so don't worry about having to waitsix months for
an answer. But then, we will answer questions of general
interest here, and you will already know your specific
answer. OK?

As to the most recent questions. . .

Question #1: Where are you getting all these ROM calls
from? How do you know how to get them to work. Will you
publish a list of them in a future issue?

Certain ROM calls are taken directly from the back of the
Getting Started With Color Basic and Going Ahead With
Extended Color Basic manuals. Also, as you may have
noted last month, the RAINBOW has started a list of all
ROM calls as a project to which everyone has been invited to
contribute. While certain addresses in the manuals are in
error (if you wish to argue this, find address $ AOOZ!) the first
14 bytes of the non-extended ROM contain the actual
addresses of the subroutines. The best method of figuring
out they work is by disassembling them. Here are the
routines, and how they are used:

(A000) or $A1 CI — This is the keyboard scan routine. I
like to think of it as INKEYS, as it displays no cursor. The
routine tells the PIA (Peripheral Interface Adaptor) to
interrogate the keyboard. If the scan comes up empty (no
keys pressed), the routine loads a zero in the A Register of
the CPU, If a key is pressed, the ASCII value of that
keypress is stored in A. This is a one-shot routine. To hold
the computer in a loop until a key is pressed, use the
following code:

LOOP JSR SAICI
BEQ LOOP

(A002) or SA282 — This is the "official" character out
routine. By official, I mean to say it is the routine the writer
of the ROM chose to disclose. The routine hinges on the
value of memory location $6F. If $6F contains a zero, the
character contained in the A register is sent to the screen. If it
is a -2 (or $FE), then the character goes to the printer. This
means more code while writing programs. To make things
easier, I use the routine this routine branches to. SA30A —
A register goes to the screen. $ A2BF A register goes to the
printer.

(A004) or $A77C This routine is the cassette data
read routine. I have another question which will explain this
one.

(A006) or SA708 — This routine loads in a "block"(255
bytes) of data on cassette tape. The memory location $7C
contains the block type: 255 (or $FF) if machine language, 0
if BASIC and 1 if ASCII data. Memory location $7D
contains the number of bytes you wish to save. If you wish to
load more than 255 bytes you have to loop and subtract.
Finally, memory locations $7E and $7F contain the address
of where the program or data is to go.

—Continued on Page 74

^^^^^^^^^^^^

COLO* SC«»B6

W P for tetters , and

It P'°f e * 'can mcwe , w «g

entire v . s xt ^tn

POLOP SCWBE ^^formatt^^ e0ter -

■ n • Taos,

in9 '=i ,^„*tftes large'

" ore - to edit text flea l^ge

r, crfflBE allocs V 00 .™ of text or prog"
COLOR SCFJ* ^'programs-
than memory docurn ent or P

■Jar

Fan

CALL
OR
WRITE
FOR
COMPLETE
INFORMATION

COMPUTERWARE

Dept. C • Box 668
6809 Specialists Encinitas, CA 92024 • (714)436-3512

Computerware is a trademark of Computerware

Page 74

The RAINBOW

ASSEMBLY (From Page 73)

(A008) or $A7F4 The opposite of the above IN
routine. The "block" OUT routine uses the same memory
locations for the same purposes.

(AOOA) or $A9DE — This I like to label JOYSTK. It
performs the same function, readingthe joystick values. The
routine stores the results in memory locations $15 A to
$15D. Thevaluesrangefromzero to 255, however, and must
be scaled down to be usable.

(AOOC) or $A7D8 This routine writes a leader to
tape. Then BLOCK IN has to write the file header.

Question #2: What is the difference between JSR and
BSR?

Not really very much. JSR (or Jump to SubRoutine) is a
situation where the Program Counter's contents (the current
execution address) is placed on the stack. The PC is then
loaded with the address of the routine, this routine is
executed, and upon finding a RTS (ReTurn from
Subroutine), the original address is pulled from the stack
and the main program is resumed. Try to think of this action
as if the CPU were leaving a string to find its way back home
once it received an urgent call. The BSR (Branch to
SubRoutine) is a way of saving a byte. The same action is
used except the CPU knows it is not going very far from the
main program.

Question #3: In your listing you make two consecutive
compare statements. Is this an error?

NO, the compares you refer to are being made on different
registers. The first compare is on the A register, to see if we
found the value we were looking for. The second compare is
on the X register, to see if we have completed the search of
the memory in question.

Question #4: Why does the computer give me SN and OM
errors once I return to BASIC from some machine language
programs?

The registers have confused the Basic interpreter.
Sometimes to return to BASIC, a programmer will simply
JUMP to SA027, the restart vector. What the registers
contain will determine if the machine will "reboot, " and
perform a cold start. I did this in the July program. To insure
a cold start, just add the instruction DEC $71. This is the
restart vector. By DECrementing it, the computer will think
it has just been powered up and treats all the data in the
registers as unusable.

Question #5: What Is ASCII?

ASCII, or American Standard Code for Information
Interchange, was developed for the sending of data over
wires to mechanical remote printing devices (remember
Western Union?). This was sort of a standard, and, since
computer designers love preestablished standards, it is used.
Today, ASCII is the only item most computers have in
common. This is why most computers are equal over the
telephone lines.

Question #6: How do tyle auto-start programs work?

There are three methods for getting a program to auto-
start once loaded from tape. Method One is to overwrite the
stack. This is rather crude, but it works. Filling memory
locations near the top of 16K memory with the same byte
(such as $22 if the program executes at $2222), then saved
from a 32K machine. Once loaded into a 1 6K computer, the
stack contains all $22. The CPU pulls the PCf rom the stack,
and, bang, auto-start.

Method Two is to intercept the get character routine. At
memory location $9F, the computer keeps a small part of its

September, 1982

"get character" routine. Putting the entire program here is
unwise, as it will clobber many variables used by the ROM.
A short load routine here which takes control is the best
method. Load the X register with the memory location you
wish the program to load at and then jump to the ROM
routine at $A77C, the cassette read-in. Keep looking until
EOF (end of file) is reached. The final three bytes should be
to the execute address of your program and, again, you have
auto-start.

The third method will only work with a short utility
program. Load the entire program into memory starting at
$164. This must also be the starting address or ajump to the
starting address. This area is also part of the keyboard scan
routine. Once the CPU scans the keyboard, bingo, auto-
start.

I probably should give step-by-step instructions on each
of these methods but that would take all the adventure out of
it. Remember, Lm a firm believer in PLAY!

Question #7: Why don't my programs work once I save
them to tape with my Editor/ Assembler package? They
work fine in memory.

By leaving out the ORG statement the Assembler
"assumed" you wanted it to ORiGinate at $0000. The second
program was properly ORGed, however the last line just
reads END, rather than END START. The Assembler
again "assumed" the execution address to be $0000. The
Editor/ Assembler package is excellent, but the people who
wrote it "assumed" too much. 1 had the same problem with it
when I first received it.

Question #8: Would you put a listing with every
installment? I learn just as much typing as I do reading your
series.

Your wish is my command. To the gentleman who
requested a screen printer program, this is for you as well.
This is not position independent code, so you must ORG it
at either $3FA0 for I6K or $7FA0 for 32 K. Before loading,

0001

0600

NAM HARDCOPY

0002

0600

ORB I3FA0

FOR 32K I7FA0

0003

3FA0

B6016A

START

LDA I016A

GET INSTRUCTION

0004

3FA3

B73FE6

STA RETURN

STORE IN PR6M

0005

3FA6

BE016B

LDX I016B

JUMP ADRS LOC

0006

3FA9

BF3FE7

VAR

STX RETURN+1

SAVE IT

0007

3FAC

8E3FB3

LDX ICHECK

ROUTINE START

0008

3FAF

BF016B

STX I016B

PUT IN PLACE

0009

3FB2

RTS

BACK TO BASIC

0010

3FB3

B10A

CHECK

CMPA #$0A

SEE IF DUN ARM

0011

3FB5

262F

BNE RETURN

IF CONT

0012

3FB7

3416

PSHS X,D

SAVE REGISTERS

0013

3FB9

8E0400

LDX #$0400

POINT AT SCRN

0014

3FBC

C620

LDB #$20

LINE COUNT

0015

3FBE

F73FA9

STB VAR

STORE COUNT

0016

3FC1

A680

LOOP

LDA ,X*

GET SCRN DATA

0017

3FC3

8160

CMPA #$60

lower case?

0018

3FC5

2C22

BGE MINUS

yes FIX IT

0019

3FC7

8140

CMPA #$40

UPPER CASE?

0020

3FC9

2F22

BLE PLUS

YES FIX IT

0021

3FCB

BDA2BF

HERE

JSR IA2BF

SEND TO PRINTER

0022

3FCE

3404

PSHS B

DON'T MESS UP ROM

0023

3FD0

F63FA9

LDB VAR

BET CHAR COUNT

0024

3FD3

DEC B

-1 FROM VAR

0025

3FD4

C100

CMPB i$0

END OF LINE

0026

3FD6

2719

BEG NXTLIN

IF SO SEND C/R

0027

3FD8

F73FA9

THERE

STB VAR

PUT COUNT BACK

0028

3FDB

3504

PULS B

PUT B BACK

September 1982

0029 3FDD 8C0600

0030 3FE0 2702

0031 3FE2 20DD

0032 3FE4 3516

0033 3FE6 7E

0034 3FE7 0000

0035 3FE9 8040

0036 3FEB 20DE

0037 3FED 8B60

0038 3FEF 20DA

0039 3FF1 860D

0040 3FF3 BDA2BF

0041 3FF6 C620

0042 3FF8 20DE

0043 3FFA

reserve memory for
25,16228 for 16K or

The RAINBOW

DONE YET?
IF SO EXIT
IF NOT CONT
RESTORE REGS
JUMP OPCODE
STORE ADRS HERE
MAKE ASCII
AND PRINT
MAKE lower
and print
PUT C/R IN A
SEND IT
RESET COUNTER
KEEP GOING

Page 75

case

CMPX #$0600
BED OUT
BRA LOOP
OUT PULS X,D
RETURN FCB $7E

FDB 0
MINUS SUBA H40
BRA HERE
PLUS ADDA #$60

BRA HERE
NXTLIN LDA #$0D
JSR $A2BF
LDB #$20
BRA THERE

END START
the routine by entering CLEAR
CLEAR 25,32672 for 32K. Once
loaded, type EXEC. Now that was fast! Nothing happened.
Actually, the program is now poised and waiting to strike.
Just press the down arrow and the normal screen will be sent
to the printer. Here is how it works.

Line #2 tells your Editor/ Assembler which memory you
have, so be sure to ORG the program to the proper place.
Line #3 is the START. We load the X register with the value
of memory locations $16B and $16C. Remember, X is a 16-
bit register. The value there will be different if you have
Extended or Non-Extended Basic, that is why we don't just
skip this step and put in a constant address as the return
point. Again, we do what we did in July, we self-modify the
program by storing the value we just got from $16B at
RETURN+1 . Now we load X with the address of CHECK,
again no constant address because youmay have either 16 or
32K. Then we store the address of CHECK at $16B. Take a
little, give a little. Believe it or not, we're done. We have just
interfaced our program with BASIC. Every time the
keyboard is scanned, our routine will check and see what is
happening.

OK, now we are in BASIC. The keyboard is scanned and
our routine is entered at line #8, or CHECK. Bemember,
BASIC uses the same ROM routines we used in past
programs, so we know the A register will contain the ASCII
value of the last key pressed. We compare A to $0 A (or the
return value of the down arrow). Does it match? No, so we
branch to RETURN. RETURN is the opcode for JuMP,
the FDB below is where we stored the original value we got
from $16B. So, in effect, we bypass our routine and send
BASIC on its normal course, by jumping to its routine.

Now, let's say A did contain $0A. The BNE is false, so we
fall through. Earlier, I mentioned what happens when
registers are confused in BASIC, so we will push the
registers we are going to use onto the stack. Remember the
D register is really A and B combined.

Getting to the task at hand, we load X with $400, the start
of the screen. This is a little tricky, most printers have room
for 80 characters per line, we have only 32 ($20) per line on
the screen. If we print without adjusting, the hard copy will
just be scattered gibberish. So, we load B with 32 ($20) and
store it at VAR.

Wait a minute, VAR is part of the program. True, butit is
a part we already used and we will not be using it again. If we
typed EXEC again, without loading another ML program,
we would replace the value at R ETURN+1 with the starting
address of our own routine. The first time the address was
jumped to, the computer would lock into an infinite loop.
So, since the code cannot be reused, we recycle it and call it
VAR.

Next we start the real work. Load A with whatever the X

—Continued on Page 78

I I mini

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Page 76

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

QUALITY SOFTWARE FOR TRS-80 COLOR AND OSI

ADVENTURES AND QUEST ALSO FOR SINCLAIR AND VIC-20

UL-LVLLLLL

ADVENTURES!!!
For TRS-80 COLOR and OSI. These Ad-
ventures are written in BASIC, are full fea-
tured, fast action, full plotted adventures
that take 30-50 hours to play. (Adventures
are inter-active fantasies. It's like reading
a book except that you are the main char-
acter as you give the computer commands
like "Look in the Coffin" and "Light the
torch.")

Adventures require 16k on TRS80, TRS80
color, and Sinclair. They require 8k on OSI
and 13k on Vic-20. Derelict takes 12k on
OSI. $14.95 each.

ESCAPE FROM MARS

(by Rodger Olsen )
This ADVENTURE takes place on the RED
PLANET. You'll have to explore a Martian
city and deal with possibly hostile aliens to
survive this one. A good first adventure.

PYRAMID (by Rodger Olsen)
This is our most challenging ADVENTURE.
It is a treasure hunt in a pyramid full of
problems. Exciting and tough!

TREK ADVENTURE (by Bob Retelle)
This one takes place aboard a familiar star-
ship. The crew has le" ft for good reasons —
but they forgot to take, you, and now you
are in deep trouble.

HAUNTED HOUSE (by Bob Anderson)
It's a real adventure — with ghosts and ghouls
and goblins and treasures and problems —
but it is for kids. Designed for the 8 to 12
year old population and those who haven't
tried Adventure before and want to start
out real easy.

DERELICT

(by Rodger Olsen & Bob Anderson)
New winner in the toughest adventure from
Aardvark sweepstakes. This one takes place
on an alien ship that has been deserted for a
thousand years — and is still dangerous!

VENTURER! — A fast action all machine code
Arcade game that feels like an adventure. Go
berserk as you sneak past the DREADED HALL
MONSTERS to gather treasure in room after
room, killing the NASTIES as you go. Great
color, high res graphics, sound and Joystick game
for the TRS-80 Color or OSI machines, (black
and white and silent on OSI.) Tape only. $19.95.

BASIC THAT ZOOOMMSM

AT LAST AN AFFORDABLE COMPILER FOR
OSI AND TRS-80 COLOR MACHINES!!! The

compiler allows you to write your programs in
easy BASIC and then automatically generates a
machine code equivalent that runs 50 to 150
times faster.

It does have some limitations. It takes at least
8K of RAM to run the compiler and it does oniy
support a subset of BASIC — about 20 commands
including FOR, NEXT, END, GOSUB, GOTO,
IF, THEN, RETURN, END, PRINT, STOP, USR
(X), PEEK, POKE, *,/,+,-,>,<, =, VARI-
ABLE NAMES A-Z, SUBSCRIPTED VARI-
ABLES, and INTEGER NUMBERS FORM0-64K.

TINY COMPILER is written in BASIC. It gener-
ates native, relocatable 6502 or 6809 code. It
comes with a 20 page manual and can be modi-
fied or augmented by the user. $24.95 on tape
or disk for OSI or TRS-80 Color.

LABYRINTH - 16K EXTENDED COLOR
BASIC — With amazing 3D graphics, you fight
your way through a maze facing real time mon-
sters. The graphics are real enough to cause claus-
trophobia. The most realistic game that I have
ever seen on either system. $14.95. (8K on OSI)

QUEST - A NEW IDEA IN ADVENTURE
GAMES! Different from all the others.
Quest is played on a computer generated
map of Alesia. Your job is to gather men
and supplies by combat, bargaining, explor-
ation of ruins and temples and outright
banditry. When your force is strong enough,
you attack the Citadel of Moorlock in a
life or death battle to the finish. Playable
in 2 to 5 hours, this one is different every
time. 16k TRS-80, TRS-80 Color, and Sin-
clair. 13K VIC-20. $14.95 each.

NEW!!

BREAKAWAY ALL MACHINE CODE
Every computer has some form of BREAK-
AWAY available. Ours is fast, smooth, has
15 levels of difficulty — and is a bargain!!
16k TRS-80 Color only $9.95.

PROGRAMMERS!

SEE YOUR PROGRAM IN THIS SPACE!!

Aardvark traditionally pays the highest com-
missions in the industry and gives programs
the widest possible coverage. Quality is the
keyword. If your program is good and you
want it presented by the best, send it to
Aardvark.

Please specify system on all orders

ALSO FROM AARDVARK — This is only a partial list of what we carry. We have a lot of other games (particularly for the
TRS-80 Color and OSI ), business programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1 .00 for our complete catalog.

AARDVARK - 80
2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088

(313) 669-3110

Phone Orders Accepted 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.

TRS-80 COLOR

SINCLAIR

OSI

VIC-20

September 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 77

AARDVARK - THE ADVENTURE PLACE

ADVENTURES FOR OSI, TRS-80, TRS-80 COLOR, SINCLAIR, PET, VIC-20

ADVENTURES — Adventures are a unique
form of computer game. They let you spend
30 to 70 hours exploring and conquering a
world you have never seen before. There is
little or no luck in Adventuring. The rewards
are for creative thinking, courage, and wise
gambling -- not fast reflexes.

In Adventuring, the computer speaks and
listens to plain English. No prior knowledge
of computers, special controls, or games is re-
quired so everyone enjoys them — even people
who do not like computers.

Except for Quest, itself unique among Ad-
venture games, Adventures are non-graphic.
Adventures are more like a novel than a comic
book or arcade game. It is like reading a par-
ticular exciting book where you are the main
character.

All of the Adventures in this ad are in Basic.
They are full featured, fully plotted adventures
that will take a minimum of thirty hours (in
several sittings) to play.

Adventuring requires 16k on Sinclair, TRS-
80, and TRS-80 Color. They require 8k on OSI
and 13k on VIC-20. Sinclair requires extended
BASIC.

TREK ADVENTURE by Bob Retelle - This
one takes place aboard a familiar starship and
is a must for trekkies. The problem is a famil-
iar one — The ship is in a "decaying orbit"
(the Captain never could learn to park!) and
the engines are out (You wouid think that in
all those years, they wouid have learned to
build some that didn't die once a week). Your
options are to start the engine, save the ship,
get offtheship, or die. Good Luck.

Authors note to players — I wrote this one
with a concordance in hand. It is very accurate
— and a lot of fun. It was nice to wander
around the ship instead of watching it on T.V.

CIRCLE WORLD by Bob Anderson - The

Alien culture has built a huge world in the
shape of a ring circling their sun. They left
behind some strange creatures and a lot of ad-
vanced technology. Unfortunately, the world
is headed for destruction and it is your job to
save it before it plunges into the sun !

Editors note to players — In keeping with
the large scale of Circle World, the author
wrote a very large adventure. It has a lot of
rooms and a lot of objects in them. It is a very
convoluted, very complex adventure. One of
our largest. Not available on OSI.

HAUNTED HOUSE by Bob Anderson - This
one is forthe kids. The house has ghosts, gob-
lins, vampires and treasures — and problems
designed for the 8 to 13 year old. This is a
real adventure and does require some thinking
and problem solving — but only for kids.

Authors note to players —This one was fun
to write. The vocabulary and characters were
designed for younger players and lots of things
happen when they give the computer com-
mands. This one teaches logical thought, map-
ping skills, and creativity while keeping their
interest.

DERELICT by Rodger Olsen and Bob Ander

son — For Wealth and Glory, you have to ran-
sack a thousand year old space ship. You'll
have to learn to speak their language and
operate the machinery they left behind. The
hardest problem of all is to live through it.

Authors note to players — This adventure
is the new winner in the "Toughest Adventure
at Aardvark Sweepstakes". Our most difficult
problem in writing the adventure was to keep
it logical and realistic. There are no irrational
traps and sudden senseless deaths in Derelict.
This ship was designed to be perfectly safe for
its' builders. It just happens to be deadly to
alien invaders like you.

PYRAMID by Rodger Olsen - This is one of
our toughest Adventures. Average time
through the Pyramid is 50 to 70 hours. The
old boys who built this Pyramid did not mean
for it to be ransacked by people like you.

Authors note to players — This is a very
entertaining and very tough adventure. I left
clues everywhere but came up with some in-
genous problems. This one has captivated
people so much that I get calls daily from as
far away as New Zealand and France from
bleary eyed people who are stuck in the
Pyramid and desperate for more clues.

QUEST by Bob Retelle and Rodger Olsen -

THIS IS DIFFERENT FROM ALL THE
OTHER GAMES OF ADVENTURE!!!! It is
played on a computer generated map of
Alesia. You lead a small band of adventurers
on a mission to conquer the Citadel of Moor-
lock. You have to build an army and then arm
and feed them by combat, bargaining, explora-
tion of ruins and temples, and outright ban-
ditry. The game takes 2 to 5 hours to play
and is different each time. The TRS-80 Color
version has nice visual effects and sound. Not
available on OSI. This is the most popular
game we have ever published.

MARS by Rodger Olsen — Your ship crashed
on the Red Planet and you have to get home.
You will have to explore a Martian city, repair
your ship and deal with possibly hostile aliens
to get home again.

Authors note to players — This is highly
recommended as a first adventure. It is in no
way simple —playing time normally runs from
30 to 50 hours — but it is constructed in a
more "open" manner to let you try out ad-
venturing and get used to the game before
you hit the really tough problems.

NUCLEAR SUB by Bob Retelle - You start
at the bottom of the ocean in a wrecked Nu-
clear Sub. There is literally no way to go but
up. Save the ship, raise her, or get out of her
before she blows or start WWI 1 1 .

Editors note to players — This was actually
plotted by Rodger Olsen, Bob Retelle, and
someone you don't know — Three of the nas-
tiest minds in adventure writing. It is devious,
wicked, and kills you often. The TRS-80 Color
version has nice sound and special effects.

EARTHQUAKE by Bob Anderson and Rodger
Olsen — A second kids adventure. You are
trapped in a shopping center during an earth-
quake. There is a way out, but you need help.
To save yourself, you have to be a hero and
save others first.

Authors note to players — This one feels
good. Not only is it designed for the younger
set (see note on Haunted House), but it also
plays nicely. Instead of killing, you have to
save lives to win this one. The player must
help others first if he/she is to survive — I like
that.

Please specify system on all orders

ADVENTURE WRITING/ DEATHSH IP by
Rodger Olsen -- This is a data sheet showing
how we do it. It is about 14 pages of detailed
instructions how to write your own adven-
tures. It contains the entire text of Deathship.
Data sheet - $3.95. NOTE: Owners of OSI,
TRS-80, TRS-80 Color, and Vic 20 computers
can also get Deathship on tape for 'an addi-
tional $5.00.

PRICE AND AVAILABILITY:

All adventures are $14.95 on tape except
Earthquake and Haunted House which are
$9.95. Disk versions are available on OSI and
TRS-80 Color for $2.00 additional.

ALSO FROM AARDVARK — This is only a partial list of what we carry. We have a lotof other games (particularly for the
TRS-80 Color and OSI), business programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1.00 for our complete catalog.

AARDVARK -80
2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088

(313) 669-3110

Phone Orders Accepted. 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.

TRS-80 COLOR SINCLAIR OSI

VIC-20

Page 78 The RAINBOW

ASSEMBLY (From Page 75)

register is pointing at. Then we have to turn the data we get
from the screen to ASCII. So, we subtract 64 ($40) if
uppercase or add 96 ($60) if lowercase. Yes, even the spaces
have to be converted.

Once the conversion is done, we BRanch Always to
HERE, which is a ROM routinethatsendsthecontents of A
to the printer. Next we push B because we don't want to
confuse the ROM routine we are calling. Load B with the
line count stored in VAR, subtract one by decrementing.
Check to see if we have reached the end of a line. If not, we
store B again, pull the original contents, and continue.

If we have reached . the end of a line, we branch to
NXTLIN. At NXTLIN we load A with SOD, a carriage
return, and jump to the ROM printing routine. Once the
carriage return is "printed," we load B with 32 ($20) and
branch to THERE, which puts the line count back in VAR.
Then we start a new line.

Once we have finally sent the entire screen to the printer,
we branch to OUT. To keep BASIC happy, we restore X and
D to their original values, then jump to the routine it wanted
anyway. There you have it: A working screen print program.

One final question. Can you use the routines and code
from my series in your own programs? The answer is YES,
of course you can. The object of this series is to help you
explore machine language. By writing your own code, even
using my routines, you will learn a great deal. Just
remember, if it can be done, vou can do it!

See ya next month.

Foilowup...

This Is A Dog-
Gone Interesting Program

Readers of the June and August issues of the RAIN BOW
will recall an article on various printers and a somewhat
heated (if tongue-in-cheek) reply by Dave Hooper of
Hoffman Estates, 111.

In his letter, Mr. Hooper referred to a program written by
James H. Barringer of Taylor, Mich., which reproduced a
figure of a famous canine through the Line Printer VII. Our
editorial note attached to the letter was that we wished we
could have been able to run the screen print Mr. Hooper
furnished, but were advised not to do so due to possible
copyright violations.

In the meantime, Mr. Barringer has been kind enough to
furnish us with a copy of the program, which he has placed
in public domain. While we still cannot run the screen print,
the program listed below should give you an idea of what the
Line Printer VII can do. You must, of course, load in a
graphic screen print program (available from Custom
Software Engineering, 807 Minuteman Causeway, Cocoa
Beach, FL 32931 or from a Radio Shack store) to get the
actual printout. Custom Software Engineering also has
programs which will work with the Epson MX-80 as well as
both 1.1 and 1.0 ROM 80Cs. The Line Printer VIII will

work, too.
Thanks to Mr. Hooper and Mr.

program.

The listing:
10 PM0DE4, 1
20 PCLS
30 SCREEN 1,0
40 LINE<89,59)-<93,67) ,
50 CIRCLE (52, 138) ,54, , 1, .77, .88
60 CIRCLE (56, 65) ,25, , .80, .26, .70
70 CIRCLE (29, 65) ,9, , 1, . 18, .85
80 CIRCLE (60, 98), 54, , 1, .72, .81

Barringer for this

31,

220 CIRCLE (170,0) ,67, ,

,73

230 CIRCLE (114, 111
0

240 CIRCLE (81, 52) ,
250 CIRCLE (93, 61) ,
4

260 LINE (100, 35) -(
270 CIRCLE (120, 22)
8

CIRCLE (120, 54)

CIRCLE(159,65)

CIRCLE (170, 32)

LINE(166,51)-(
CIRCLE (125, 104

CIRCLE(93, 136)

LINE(117, 147)-
CIRCLE(142, 152

370 CIRCLE (136, 143
380 CIRCLE (90, 134)
390 CIRCLE (100, 119
9

280

290

300

310

320

.50

330

350

360

,20, , 1, .60, .7

06, 104) ,PSET,

69,42) ,PSET
, , 1, .44, .69

September, 1982
90 CIRCLE (80, 29) ,20, , 1, . 13, .29
100 CIRCLE (118, 110
0

110 LINE(85, 100)-(
BF

120 LINE(107,28)-(
130 CIRCLE (135, 82)
140 CIRCLE (123, 83)
38

150 CIRCLE (102, 58)
8

160 CIRCLE (117, 65)
170 CIRCLE(103,24)
37

180 CIRCLE (150, 34)
39

190 CIRCLE (150, 78)
200 CIRCLE (174, 54)
38

210 CIRCLE (152, 79)

15,

54,

24,
24,

24,

12,

■ 89 , ■ 1 8 , m

.80, .0, . 1

1,-70,-88
.90, .24, .

. 90, . 28, .

1, .75, .86
.80, .23, .

1 , .79, .91
,.29,.

, 1, .74, .8

4, , 1, .72, .82
30, , .90, .70, .8

47
47

20) ,PSET
■ 88, ■ 55, ■ 8

, . 78 , . 74 , .

, . 84 , . 73 , •

.85, .74, .0

35) ,PSET
, , . 90, . 38,

, . 88 , ■ 87 , ■

125, 150) ,PSET
, 17, , ■ 88, . 55,

, 5, , 1 , . 64, . 99
52, , 1, .04, . 19
,19,,1,. 59 , ■ 6

—Continued on Page 80

Custom Programming

BUSINESS AND SCIENTIFIC

If the program you want can't be found, then we can write
it for you. Our programming rates are very competitive and
our customers are guaranteed 100% satisfaction.

We write programs for the Models II, III and the Color
Computer .

If interested, call or write for more information.

TEAGUE PROGRAMMING & CONSULTING
518 North 30th Street-P.O. Box 728
Paducah, Kentucky A2001 (502)442-0203

September, 1982

SKY-DEFENSE

Can You Survive The First Wave of Attack.

Or The Next. . .

(Only Your Joystick Will Ever Know!)

■ ■

gh-Res, High-Speed, Color and Sound
Machine Language, Of Course

Fly Horizontally Over Mountains And Terrain and

Battle the Attackers.. .If You Can!

16K— Joysticks Required

Cassette $22.95 plus $1.50 postage and handling
California Residents please add 6% ($1.38) State Sales Tax

Allow 2-3 Weeks For Delivery (Money Orders— One Week)

United States Funds Only, Please!

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

Quasar Animations

1520 Pacific Beach Drive
San Diego, California

92109

Page 80 The RAINBOW

DOG (From Page 78)
400 LINE(95, 117>-<89, 127) , PSET
410 CIRCLE (83, 126) ,6, , 1, -80, -99
420 L I NE ( 84 , 1 2 1 ) - ( 84 , 116) , PSET
430 CIRCLE (78, 115) ,6, , 1, -58, -0
440 CIRCLE (73, 119) ,5, , 1, -20, -82
450 CIRCLE (72, 126) ,3, , 1, - 13, -82
460 CIRCLE (94, 127) , 19, -88, -29, -5
0

470 CIRCLE (86, 125) , 18, , 1, -07, - 19
480 CIRCLE (100, 143) ,31, , 1, -49, -5
9

490 CIRCLE (83, 121) , 19, , 1-9, -25, -

500 CIRCLE (87, 163) ,8, , 1, -46, -62
510 LINE (66, 156) - (80, 166) , PSET
520 CIRCLE (61, 161) ,8, , 1, -38, -86
530 CIRCLE (111, 113) ,77, , 1, -28, -3
8

540 LINE(93, 172)-(98, 175) , PSET
550 CIRCLE (101, 182) ,7, , 1, -68, .29
560 CIRCLE (79, 166) , 14, , 1, -94, -09
570 CIRCLE(94, 149) , 14, , 1, - 10, -26
580 CIRCLE(113, 133) ,26, , 1, -21, -3

590 CIRCLE ( 141 , 191) ,39, , 1, .57, .6
8

600 CIRCLE (71, 176) , 17, , 1 , -62, -67

610 CIRCLE(78, 181) , 17, , 1, -62, -67

620 CIRCLEU27, 170) , 17, , 1-9, -44,
-47

630 CIRCLE (134, 166) , 17, , 1-9, -44,
-47

September 1982
650 LINE (86, 115) -(183, 77) , PSET

660 LINE (205, 69) -(228, 60) , PSET

670 LINE(72, 123)-(48, 134) , PSET

680 LINE(72, 127)-(50, 137) , PSET

690 LINE(86, 1 19) - (200, 73) , PSET

700 LINE (210, 69) -(228, 62) , PSET

710 CIRCLE(47, 137) ,2

720 CIRCLE (222, 61) ,5, , -60

730 CIRCLE (232, 61) ,5, , -60

740 LINE (221, 70) -(228, 61 ), PSET

750 LINE- (234, 70) , PSET

770 CIRCLE (197, 66) ,6, , 1- 1,0, -51

780 CIRCLE (189, 58) ,6, , 1-9, -72, - 1

790 CIRCLE (186, 43) ,9, , .72, .26, .8
7

800 CIRCLE (194, 36) ,4, , 1,0, -35
810 CIRCLE (210, 62) ,9, , 1, -45, -79
820 LINE (198, 42) -(200, 46) , PSET
830 LINE (198, 28) -(200, 35) , PSET
840 LINE (206, 26) -(206, 33) , PSET
850 LINE (215, 39) -(222, 35) , PSET
860 LINE(211,35)-(214,28) , PSET
870 LINE (215, 46) -(226, 45) , PSET
880 LINE(212,52)-(218,58) , PSET
890 LINE(214,49)-(223,52) ,PSET
900 CIRCLE(186,71) ,3, ,2
910 CIRCLE (189, 70) ,3, ,2, -65, -33
920 CIRCLE (178, 124) ,57, , 1, -80, -8
8

930 LINE (220, 83) -(225, 79) , PSET
940 CIRCLE (194, 123) ,55, , 1, -77, -8
5

950 LINE (228, 61) -(228, 104) , PSET
960 CIRCLE (204, 105) ,25, , 1-2,0, -5
5

970 CIRCLE (177, 87) ,6, ,2, -66, -20

980 CIRCLE (172, 83) ,4, , 1, -5

990 CIRCLE ( 168,85) ,4, , 1-5

1000 CIRCLE (164, 87) ,4, , 1-5

1010 CIRCLE( 160,88) ,4, , 1-5

1020 CIRCLE ( 156,90) ,4, , 1-5

1030 CIRCLE(152,91) ,4, , 1-5

1040 LINE(148,93)-(148, 127) , PSET

1050 CIRCLE (148, 130) ,2

1060 CIRCLE(151, 137) ,3, ,2-5,0, -6

1070 CIRCLE(68, 156) ,27, , 1, -34, -4
1080 CIRCLE(61, 161) ,27, , 1, -39, -4
4

1090 CIRCLE(101, 149) ,40, , 1, - 10, -

1100 CIRCLE(240, 179) ,6, , -69, -70,
-25

1110 CIRCLE(240, 185) ,6, , .69, .75,
.32

1120 LINE (238, 175)-(238, 189) , PSE
T

1130 LINE (238, 182) -(230, 182) , PSE
T

—Continued on Page 82

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 81

COLOR COMPUTER OISK SYSTEM

We offer a complete disk drive interface system for the color computer, featuring the Tall Grass
Technologies Double Density, buffered disk controller card. The disk interface board plugs into the color
computer expansion socket and provides for doubling the storage capacity of single density type disk drives
by using GCR encoding / decoding techniques. Power may be taken internally from the system or from an
external power supply (not normally required even with piggyback 4116 s installed) This controller will
support up to 4 single/double density, single/double sided 5 & 1/4 inch disk drives. These include Shugart
400 series, Siemens 82, TEAC 50 series, Pertec FD200. MPI B51/52/91/92, Tandon and others. The
controller uses standard 10 sector diskettes and does not read or write the soft-sectored IBM style formats
used by TRS-80 or FLEX systems. Two reasons for not using a soft sectored system are cost and reliability.

The Tallgrass double density format offers more margin for worn diskettes, dirt etc. and less expensive
single density disk drives & diskettes. All you need to add to have a complete disk system is a disk drive /
cable.

DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (ODS)

The Disk Operating System for the Tallgrass Technologies Disk controller (CCMD + 9) is a full featured
"BASIC" compatible operating system. It is fully integrated with the ROM basic system already in the color
computer and automatically is initialized upon system power on much the same as the R.S. disk system
does. But there is a big difference between that disk system and CCMD + 9. First of all we support any mix
of 35. 40 or 80 track single or double sided disk drives, which allows a minimum of 4 times the storage
capacity of the "other" disk system. We also make far better use of the disk storage space by using sector
allocation for each file instead of the granual method of 8 sector blocks which can waste anywhere from 1 to
7 sectors for each file on the disk. For example, on their DOS. if 5 files each required only 2 sectors there
would be 40 disk sectors allocated, a waste of 30 disk sectors or almost 4 ' "granuals". This is not the case
in our disk system, only the required number of sectors would be used.

Many other disk systems using a sector allocation system have a problem with file fragmentation and
excessive seek time after a disk is used over and over adding and deleting files until it becomes so bad that
the disk must be re-formatted to correct the problem. With CCMD + 9 this is notthe case, as files are deleted
the disk space is automatically repacked to help keep files from being fragmented and decrease access time.

The DOS is contained in a ROM on the disk controller the same as the R.S. disk system so you don't have
to ' 'bootstrap' ' the DOS off of a disk and it doesn't get clobbered easily by a runaway program as most ram
based systems do. The DOS does "NOT" require Extended Basic and will run on a 4. 16 or 32K system
without any modifications. CCMD + 9 uses approximately 1 K of ram for the disk system which is taken from
the top of memory, this allows all previously purchased tape software to function with the disk system, this
is not so with the R.S. disk system.

CCMD+9 supports both Basic and Machine language programs. It is easily accessible to the beginner or
advanced machine language programmer with easy to use and well documented entry points to perform disk
as well as screen/printer/keyboard input & output. It includes 10 disk file functions to open, close,
read/write random or sequential files, read specific sector of file, flush sector buffer to file, close & rewind
file (re-open) and process disk system errors. The screen/printer/keyboard I/O functions include: input
character, output character, output text string, output carriage return, output 2/4 hex characters, output
space character and read/write single disk sector.

The "BASIC" interface system allows Basic and Basic programs to communicate with the disk system
much the same as the R.S. disk system does with a few added features. It includes both Direct and Indirect
basic commands, Direct commands can be executed any time and Indirect commands are contained with
"Basic" programs. The Direct commands inctude: LOAD or SAVE (binary/ASCII basic program disk file).
CHAIN (load & execute basic program) and CDOS "disk command". The "CDOS command allows you to
execute a specific disk command from the free standing disk system, these include: LOAD/SAVE machine
language or memory file. REMOVE one or more disk files. CHANGE disk file name. CHECK disk file for
errors, ANALYZE disk directory. STRACK set tracks & sides for disk drive. SCMP set compare on/off. RUN
load & execute machine language disk program. GOTD execute machine language program at specified
address, and NEW initialize disk. If the "CDOS" command is executed without any command following
control is passed to CCMD+ 9 where any of the previously mentioned commands can be executed directly

thus providing total control of the entire system. The command system is easy to learn and remember with a
minimum of effort on the users part. The BASIC interface system was designed to be compatible with the
existing I/O commands used with tape files for easy conversion and upgrading to disk. When using Basic
disk files up to 9 files can be active at once with all disk file memory allocation being done automatically at
run time, you don't have to resetve file space as with the R.S. disk system. The Indirect basic commands
include: Open. Print. Input. Line Input (ext. Basic). EOF. Rewind, Close, Print Using (Ext. Basic), these all
function in the same manner as basic tape file I/O.

CCMD + 9 has one other unique feature not found in most disk systems. Eash disk initialized by the
system is assigned a disk label which can be used instead of a disk drive number, the system will
automatically locate which drive the diskette is on and use it accordingly. This can be very usefull in basic
programs which use files on multiple disks, you don't have to worry which disk belongs in which drive.

Part of the power and flexibility of CCMD + 9 lies in the Disk Utility System which allows the system
commands to be greatly expanded by adding utility or transient disk commands. These commands are
automatically handled by the system so as not to overwrite Basic programs in memory and can even be
called by a Basic program in some cases. For example you can perform a disk copy or backup while still
preserving a basic program currently in memory, no other system that we know of has this ability. We
currently have a list of utilities available and will be adding to it constantly to improve the system

SOFTWARE SUPPORT

This disk system is the most recent one to enter the color computer disk market and is currently the only
one with any disk software to support it There should be no problem in the future with a lack of software for
this system because, it is extremely easy to interface software to. We currently have available for the disk
system: a Disk Assembler which allows files larger than memory to be assembled, a Disk Text Editor which
makes writing Basic and Assembler programs easy and also will edit files larger than memory, a Disk Text
Editor/ Processor (WORD PROCESSOR) "TEXTPR01 which is easy to learn and extremely powerful for its
price range, TEXTPRO II is an advanced version with expanded features: programmable tabs, 3 line
processable headers, decimal/center/right justify/ horizontal tabs, keyboard input processing and more. A
Disk Disassembler/Source generator, a Disk system monitor which includes all of the "TRSMDN" monitor
commands & has access to all of CCMD + 9 disk commands & automatically locates itself at the top of
memory to stay out of the way, and a full compliment of disk utilities The utility disk includes: full disk
backup, build disk text file from keyboard, 24 hour screen clock, single or multiple disk file copy, text file
executive processor. ASCII/HEX file dump/hst/map utility, ASCII file lister/printer, and a disk relabel
utility. All at prices far below what other disk system software sells for

TG-99 Disk Controller w/CCMD + 9 DOS ROM

CCASM9 Disk Assembler

CCEDT9 Disk Text Editor

CCDISS Disk Disassembler Source Generator

CCTPR1 Disk Text Editor/Word Processor TEXTPRO 1

CCTPR2 Disk Text Editor/Word Processor TEXTPRO 2

CCUTLY Disk Utilities

DOSMON Disk system monitor/utility program

CGAME1 HI-RES Graphic games Space Invaders, Meterioids, Space War

CGAME2 Mixed games Battle Fleet, Space Traders, Adventure

$159.95

34.95
24.95
29.95
39.95
59.95
19.95
29.95
49.95
3995

SPECIAL LIMITED OFFER

We have a complete disk system package available that includes: a 40 track single sided disk drive with
power supply, case, 2 drive cable, TG-99 controller w/CCMD + 9 and a disk containing CCUTLY disk
utilities and CCEDT9 disk editor all assembled and tested for $499.00
Additional 40 trackdrive with power supply & case tested $300 00

For double sided drives add $100.00 per drive. Add $5 00 per drive lor shipping. NO COD's on disk drives
or disk system special. Shipping for disk controller add $2.50. for Disk software only add $1.00 Visa &
M/C add 3% (this is what the bank charges us).

Manufactured under license from Tall Grass Technologies.

CO RESIDENT EDITOR/ASSEMBLER

RAINBOW

Co-resident Editor/Assembler that will allow the user to create, edit and assemble machine language
programs for the color computer. The editor portion of the program is similar to the text editor in TEXTPRO.
The assembler will output machine object code to either cassette tape in a 'CLOADM' readable format or
directly to memory for direct execution. The assembly listing can optionally be output to the printer con-
nected to the RS-232/Printer port on the color computer. All errors are displayed with a full text message for
easy identification. The assembler supports the full compliment of the M6809 instruction set and also will
cross assemble 6800 source code to produce M6809 compatible object code.

C0-HES9 $39.95

SYSTEM MONITOR

PA.NBtJ*

TRSMDN is a 2K system monitor program that willallow you to explore the workings of the color computer. It
features 9 debuging commands, tape load and save compatible with Basic "CLOADM up/down load via
RS232 port, terminal package that allows the color computer to be used as a terminal at baud rates up to
9600 baud and a printer driver to direct display output to the printer for memory dumps, disassemblies etc.
The program is position independent so it can be moved anywhere within the system memory. A very
powerful tool at a very reasonable price. Commands Include:

Memory examine & change. Gotodefined address. Load Tape program (w/offset). Load Motorola SI -S9 file
(RS232). Save Tape program. Send memory file S1-S9 (RS232), Set and/or display breakpoints. Remove
one or all breakpoints. Define printer/terminal baud rate, Set and/or display registers. Dump memory in Hex
& Ascii format, Disassemble memory file. Terminal mode & optional buffer. Fill memory. Move block of
memory. Find memory byte sequence. Exit monitor to Basic. Exit monitor to Rom Pack (JCOOO). Re-initialize
monitor. Direct output to printer

TRSMON ON TAPE $19.95
TRSMON M 2716 Eprom $34.95

SK COLOR RAM/EPflOM CARTRIDGE HOLDS 4-2716 EPROM or RAM
2K RAM CHIPS $19.95

5%" DISKETTES, SOFT OR HARD SECTOR, BOX OF 10
MOTOROLA 6809 PROGRAMMERS MANUAL
+ $2.50 SHIPPING 1ST CLASS

$24.95

2716 EPROMS $14.00
$30.00
$11.95

TEXTPRO
TEXT EDITOR/PROCESSOR

TEXTPRO is a complete text editor & text processing program for the Color Computer. The program in-
cludes our powerful full function text editor plus the added features of a text processor. The entire program
utilizes only 6K of memory space including the tape, screen and keyboard buffers. It is extremely fast in
editing and processing text files and is compatible with Basic ASCII formatted tape files.

The Editor itself includes 24 commands including string search & replace; line and automatic line edit
modes which allow you to insert, delete, change or add characters. Automatic line editing allows you to skip
forward and backward for checking and editing, all screen editing immediately updates the screen so you
know exactly what you are doing at all times. The Editor also has commands to move or copy single lines or
blocks of text from one place to another. Some ot the other commands include Tape load, save and append;
Automatic line numbers, delete line, set input line length and printer output.

The Text Processor includes 29 commands for formating the output, some of them include: page length,
left margin, top & bottom margin, line length, justify & fill modes, page heading, center line, double width
print, margin control, single, multiple & special indent modes, test lines left on page, display & input from
keyboard and even special control codes can be sent to the printer for different print densities etc. It even
has a repeat command with a next command to redo all of or a portion of the file as many times as needed.
TEXTPRO will turn your color computer into a full fledged text processing machine at a price you won't
believe. Available on 'CLDADM' compatible cassette.

SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY PRICE $29.95
RS. DISK VERSION $49.99

DATAPACK
OATA COMMUNICATIONS PACKAGE

DATAPACK is a Terminal package program for the COLOR COMPUTER, allowing you to use the color
computer as a buffered computer terminal through a modem to a time sharing network or as a direct connect
terminal to another computer system at rates up to 9600 baud. This program is more than a standard
"Videotexf ' type program in that it will allow you to save data stored in the buffer either to cassette tape, or
output a hard copy to a printer. The data buffer is automatically set to the maximum size of your system
memory when entered to allow maximum space for saving data. The program includes features to send
control codes and to enable or disable keyboard echo. When the terminal mode is exited the contents of the
buffer may be viewed on the screen or saved to tape for later loading. Also the RS-232 port can be used to
plug your printer back in for sending the screen buffer to the printer. An additional feature is the ASCII
formatthat is used on tape is compatible with the CER-COMP Text Editor program and BASIC, enabling you
to edit or delete unwanted information.

PRICE: $24.95 ON CASSETTE
RS. DISK VERSION $49.95

5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89110

CER-COMP

(702)452-0632

All Orders Shipped From Stock
Add $1 .00 Postage - MC/Visa Add 3%

Page 82

Education...

A Handy Math Drill
Package For Your Use

By Geoff Wells f

Probably the first program of any consequence that most
of us write is some sort of math quiz. Unfortunately, the
beginner is so concerned wit h j ust gett ing the program t o ru n
that Little attention is given to formatting. Having the output
of the program scroll from the bottom to the top of the
screen is not very interesting.

In this version of a math test, there is an opening title and
input of the player's name. You are then given a choice of
problems; addition, subtraction, multiplication, division or
a mixture of each. By using INKEYS in a printing loop, the
letters A, S, D, M and X will flash until you press the
appropriate key.

Your choice of problems will then be printed inside
randomly colored blocks which will clear if answered

DOG (From Page 80)

1140

LINE(230, 172)-(230,

189) ,PSE

1150

CIRCLE (225, 178) ,6, ,

3, - 10, .4

1155

CIRCLE (90, 123) , 19, 1

, . 9, . 26,

.43

1160

LINE(221, 172)-(238,

172) ,PSE

1170

GOTO 1170

The RAINBOW September, 1982

correctly. You have two chances to get each question right
before the correct answer is displayed and you are directed
to the next problem.

After you have completed all ten questions, your score
and time are displayed, along with a comment on your
performance. If you are running the program for children,
you may wish to edit some of the responses to a less caustic

message.

10 * MATH PRACTICE

20 * GEOFF WELLS HAMILTON ONTARIO
60 DIM A (10) 'CORRECT ANSWER AR
RAY

70 CLS(0)
80 '

90 'TITLE ROUTINE

100 FOR TA=1 TO 4:PRINT5>0, ""; : FO
R TB=1 TO 102:SY*=CHR*(RND(10)+4
7) : PR I NT" math "SY$; : NEXT TB: PRINT
"m" ; : NEXT TA

110 FOR X=15 TO 44:SET(X,5,6) :SE
T(X, 16,6) :NEXT X

120 FOR Y=6 TO 15: SET ( 15, Y, 6) : SE
T(44, Y,6) : NEXT Y
130 GOSUB 1310 ' GET NAME
140 '

150 HA=0:PP=62: XP=384
160 PRINTTAB(5) "WHAT KIND OF QUE
ST IONS"

170 PRINT: PR INTTAB (9) "WOULD YOU
LIKE"

180 PR I NT : PR I NTT AB (12) "ADDITION"

—Continued on Page 84

FOR I = 1 TO 100
PRINT "I WILL HOT CRASH
IN CLASS"

NEXT I

Extended
BASIC
Color

Computer

Has your TRS-80 Color Computer

READ A GOOD TAPE LATELY?

Trying to educate your CoCo can be a trying
experience. Pounding on the keyboard is not
the positive reinforcement your computer
needs. CHROMASETTE Magazine is the civilized
way to introduce your computer to the world
of good software.

With CHROMASETTE Magazine, CoCo gets
both quantity and quality. Every month, 6 to
8 programs arrive by First Class Mail. No need
to type them in — CHROMASETTE Magazine
is a cassette tape with educational, practical, utility, and game programs on it.
Just load and run. Ah, the life of luxury! Give your computer a cultural lesson.

Get a subscription to CHROMASETTE Magazine.

The Bottom Line:

1 year (12 issues) ... $45.00

6 months (6 issues) $25.00

Single copies $5 00
Calif, residents add 6% to single copies.
Overseas — add $10 to subscriptions, and $1 to
single copies Sent AO rate

The Fine Print: Issues are sent First Class Mai! Ail issues from July 81 on available
— ask for hst Programs are for the Extended BASIC model only

TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp MasterCard/Visa/Gold also welcome

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

Magazine

PO. Box 1087 Santa Barbara, CA 93102 (805) 9631066

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 83

Spectral Associates

First Annual

Graphic Game Contest

TO WRITE A MACHINE LANGUAGE HIGH
RESOLUTION COLOR GRAPHICS GAME FOR

THE COLOR COMPUTER

First Prize $2,000

(And the coveted PRISM Trophy)

The Prism Trophy is a new award which will be much-coveted in years to
come. The winning game will be published under contract with Spectral
A ssociates.

Second Prize $500
Third Prize $200

The submission deadline is November 1 5, 1 982. Winners will be notified
by December 1, 1982. Formal announcement of the winners will be
made in the January, 1983, issue of the RAINBOW.

To enter, mail entries to Spectral Associates, P. O. Box 9971 5, Tacoma,
Wa 98499. Further information available by writing or calling Spectral at

(206) 565-8483.

*** Winner to be selected by a panel of respected judges***

Employees of SPECTRAL ASSOCIA TES and their families are prohibited from entering the contest!

Games which are submitted, win prizes and are subsequently published by
SPECTRAL ASSOCIA TES will receive full royalties and full author recognition
will be given. Royalties will be paid in addition to the prize money.

Page 84 _ The RAINBOW

DRILL (From Page 82) " "

190 PRINT: PR I NTT AB< 10) "SUBTRACT I
0N M

200 PR I NT : PR I NTT AB ( 9 ) "MULTIPLICA
TION"

210 PRINT: PRINTTAB( 12) "DIVISION"
220 PRINT:PRINTTAB( 15) "OR"
230 PR I NT : PR I NTT AB ( 8 ) "A MIXTURE
OF EACH"

240 ' FLASH KEY LETTERS

250 PRINT3140, "a"; :PRINT5>202, "s"

; :PRINT5>265, "m"; :PRINT5>332, "d"; :

PRINT3460, "x";

260 A*=INKEY*

270 FOR T=l TO 80: NEXT T

280 PR I NTS) 140, "A" ; : PRINT3202, "S"

; :PRINT5>265, "M"; :PRINT5>332, "D"; :

PRINT3460, "X";

290 FOR T=l TO 80: NEXT T

300 IF A*="" THEN 250

310 IF A*="A" OR A*="S" OR A*="M

" OR A*="D" OR A*="X" THEN 340 E

LSE 250

320 '

330 ' SET UP SCREEN
340 CLS(0)

350 ' 10 BLOCKS & QUESTIONS
360 FOR D=l TO 10

370 IF A*="X" THEN P=RND(4) ELSE
P=0

380 GOSUB 1490:GOSUB 890:GOSUB 8
60

390 IF P=l OR A*="A" THEN 1020
400 IF P=2 OR A*="S" THEN 1090
410 IF P=3 OR A*="M" THEN 1160
420 IF P=4 OR A*="D" THEN 1230

CQMPUBW I TCH

TIRED DP W PULLING THE PLUS** TD REWIND DR ADVANCE YOUR CASSETTE ">

T XME COMPUBW I TCM

• FOOT OPERATED SWITCH OVER* I DCS COMPUTER CONTROL OF YOUR CA88ETTE.
BIWLY PLACE YOUR RECORDER IN THE MODE YOU WISH (REMIND,
FAST FORWARD, ETC. ) AND HIT THE SWITCH. THE RECORDER WILL RUN AS
LCHB AS YOUR FOOT IS ON THE SWITCH.

• THE 8INBLE RDST CONVENIENT HARDWARE ACCESSORY YOU'LL EVER OWN.
ALLOWS FOR MORE EFFICIENT OPERATION.

• NO HAR W ARE OR SOFTWARE PACIFICATIONS NECE86ARY. JUST PLUS9
INTO YOUR REORDER.

• ELIMINATES NEAR AND TEAR ON YOUR CABLE8 AND RECORDER JACKS.

• E ASY T O UK AND INSTALL (INSTALLS IN LESS THAN A MINUTE WITH
INSTRUCTIONS INCLUDED).

• CAN

USED WITH ANY COMPUTER OR CASSETTE.

• MILL ALSO TURN VOUR
WITH

TE RECORDER INTO A DICTATINB MACHINE
IINS

INQUIRIES INVITED.^

SEND 914.V9 PLUS «2.00 BHIPPINB TO:

1 1 TO
P. 0. MX 1X3

44701

CASHIER

ALLOW 2-3

OR ROWY ORDERS ARE THE REST

MILL DELAY Y OUR ORDER 2-3
CALL 1-314-223-3373 VISA AND
FOR DELIVERY.

OF PAYMENTS.
SORRY, NO C. 0. D.
ACCEPTED.

September, 1982

430 IF PP=86 THEN PP=184

440 IF D=5 THEN HA=0: PP=PP+6: NEX

T D

450 HA=HB:PP=PP-i-6
460 NEXT D
470 '

480 R=0:HA=0:C=1:TIMER=0

490 FOR D=l TO 10: GOSUB 1490: PR I

NT3384: PRINT3448

500 D*=STR*(D>

510 PRINT3320

520 PRINT3320, "PLEASE ANSWER QUE

STION"D*"> ";: INPUT AR

530 IF AROA(D) THEN 1420

540 PR I NT3320, "CONGRATULATIONS "

550 SOUND 89, 5: SOUND 125, 5: SOUND
147,5

560 PRINT3384, " THAT'S CORRE

CT NOW"

570 R=R+1:TR=0: XP=384

580 GOSUB 860 ' FILL BLOCKS IF C

ORRECT

590 IF D<10 THEN PRINT3448, "

TRY THE NEXT ONE"
600 FOR T=l TO 1000: NEXT T
610 IF D=5 THEN HA=0: NEXT D
620 HA=HB: NEXT D
630 TM=TIMER

640 IF R=10 THEN FOR S=l TO 255

STEP 5: SOUND S,1:NEXT S

650 PRINT3320, "**********«YOUR S

CORE**********"

660 PRINT3384, " "R*
10"'/."

670 IF R=0 THENPRINT3448, " YOU M

UST HAVE JELLO FOR BRAINS"

680 IF R=l THENPRINT3448, "I KNOW

MORONS THAT SCORE HIGHER"
690 IF R=2 THENPRINT3448, " DO
YOU REALLY THINK 2+2=5"
700 IF R=3 THENPRINT3448, "
GO BACK TO MATH 101"
710 IF R=4 THENPRINTS>448, " I HO
PE YOU OWN A CALCULATOR"
720 IF R=5 THENPRINT3448,
MUST WORK IN GOVERNMENT"
730 IF R=6 THENPRINT3448,
Y USING YOUR TOES TOO"
740 IF R=7 THENPRINT3448,

VERAGE FOR A HUMAN"

750 IF R=8 THENPRINT3448, " NOT B

AD IF YOU DIDN'T CHEAT"

760 IF R=9 THENPRINT3448,
U CAN'T REPLACE ME YET"
770 IF R=10 THENPRINT3448,
T YOU CAN'T DO THAT AGAIN"
780 FOR T=l TO 3000: NEXT T
790 PRINT3320, "THIS TIME YOU TOO

K " I NT ( TM / 60 ) " SECONDS "

—Continued on Page 86

YOU

I BE

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 85

BASIC AID

AT LAST! Help for the Basic prograaaer. Basic Aid is an indispensable addition to the Color Coaputer. It Mill save
you valuable tine and effort. H you write or todify Basic prograis you need Basic Aid.

You get 43 Coaaon Basic coaaands available as single Control Key inputs. Greatly speeds up prograa entry.

A powerful feature is the ability to redefine any or all of the keys to your own specifications.

PLUS you get invaluable features such as a MERGE coaaand. Hove Line coaaand and Autoaatic Line Nuabering.

MERGE Insert prograas stored on cassette into your Basic
prograa. You can even assign new line nuabers to
the p r ograa you read in. Great for creating your
own tape library!

HOVE Lets you aove and renuaber any part of your
Basic prograa. GOTO's, GOSUB's, autoaatically
changed,

Redefine any or all keys! Put in YOUR
aost frequently used coaaands. Then
save thea to tape for use another tiae,

MERGE MOVE

I x i

□I

1 V

I I

r I
J i-
LEM

■7
I t
I i
L

ST PI NO

— I
I I
1 I
— I 1—

LEFT
r 1

ON/OFF
1 1

PLANK SET — AUTOMUM—

SUPP USER OM/OFF SET

T ♦

TRACE EXEC

r I
i i
J L.

I I
t I
J

T V
i I
I I

□ G

RUN CLEAR r CLEAR CONT
— I I r |

I I
l i
J

t I
i l

J JL

MID RIGHT

r 1 i

THEN

I I
f t
-t L

OOSUB

-r 1 r

II II
II li

HEAP

1 " r

DATA

FOR

I I

p I
t I
J L

t
i

t i
J L

GOTO

* I
I I

INPUT OPEN

ICO

JOTSTK SOU WO LIST

innnn

J i I L .j j 1 ] I

PAINT

PEEK CIRCLE DRAW
1 | » r -i

II II l|

II II ||

J P I I I

POKE SCR EEN UHt

AUDIO CSAVE

I I

J L

I I

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-i L.

CLOAD STEP
1 1

I f

I l

J L

RETUR N

I »
I I
1 I

NEXT MOTOR

I I
I •
-I L.

DIM EDIT PRINT

t i i r r

i i

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-1 L

t I

I I
-k L

I i
I l

A L

PRINT MEM

BASIC AID

]

All of this in a convenient RON Cartridge which is available instantly at power-up. And it uses alaost none of your
valuable aeaory! Coaes with a convenient, easy to reaove, plastic keyboard overlay.

BASIC AID CARTRID6E $34.95

Add $1 for Handling & Shipping

SPECTRUM PROJECTS

93-15 86th DRIVE (212) 441-2807 (VOICE)

WOOD HAVEN, NY. 1 1421 (21 2) 441-3755 (DATA)

CHECK OUT OUR COLOR BBS' AT (21 2) 441-3755 ft 441-3766

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

Page 86

DRILL (From Page 84)
800 PRINT3384, " TRY TO DO BETT
ER NEXT TIME"

810 PRINT3448, " PRESS ANY KEY
TO TRY AGAIN"

820 IF INKEY*="" THEN 820 ELSE 1
50

830 END
840 '

850 ' DRAWS BLOCKS

860 FOR X=HA TO HB: FOR Y=VA TO V
B: SET ( X , Y, C) : NEXT Y: NEXT X : RETUR
N

870 '

880 * PICKS A COLOR & CHECKS
890 C=RND<6)+2

900 IF HA<14 THEN 930

910 IF C=POINT (HA- 10, VA) THEN 890

920 IF HA>48 THEN 940

930 IF C=POINT (HA+20, VA) THEN 890

940 IF VA =10 THEN 970

950 IF C=POINT(HA, 10) THEN 890

960 GOTO 980

970 IF C=P0INT(HA,4) THEN 890
980 RETURN
990 '

1000 ' THE QUESTIONS
1010 " ADDITION

1020 F=RND(400)+100:S=RND<399)+1
00

1030 F*=STR* (F) :S*=STR* iS)

The RAINBOW

Multi-purpose
data storage system

• DATAFILE is a sophisticated database

• User defined categories

• 16K or 32K system

• Loads tape or disc stored data

• Performs string searches

• Deletes, sorts & prints in various formats

Personal agenda
Name & Address file
Software records
Library cataloguing
Recipes, Etc.

ilume
design

$19.95

+ $1.00 POSTAGE

CANADIAN
ORDERS $22.00
+ $1.00 POSTAGE

Dept. R, 4653 Jeanne Mance St.,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2V 4J5

September 1982

1040 A(D)=F+S

1050 PRINT5>PP+5,MID*(F*,2) ;

1060 PRINT3PP+36, "+"MID* <S*, 2) ;

1070 GOTO 430

1080 ' SUBTRACTION

1 090 F=RND ( 499 ) +500 : S=RND ( 400 ) + 1

1 1 00 F*=STR* ( F ) : S*=STR* ( S )
1110 A(D)=F-S

1120 PRINTaPP-i-5,MID*(F* !( 2) ;

1130 PRINT3PP+36, " -"MID* <S* , 2 ) ;

1140 GOTO 430

1150 ' MULTIPLICATION

1160 F=RND(89)+10:S=RND<7)+2

1 1 70 F*=STR* ( F ) : S*=STR* ( S )

1180 A<D)=F*S

1190 PRINT5>PP+5,MID*(F*, 2) ;
1200 PRINT3PP+37, " X "MID* <S* , 2) ;
1210 GOTO 430

1220 ' DIVISION-NEVER A REMAINDE
R AS QUESTION MULTIPLIED
1230 F=RND(89)-i-10:S=RND(7)-i-2
1240 F*=STR*(F*S) :S*=STR*(S)
1250 A(D)=F

1260 PRINTS>PP+5,MID*(F*,2) ;
1270 PRINT3PP+37, " / "MID* (S* , 2) ;

1289 GOTO 430

1290 '

1300 9 INPUT NAME
1310 PRINT3104,

1320 PRINT3136,
1330 PRINT3168,
1340 PRINT3200,
1350 PRINT3232,
1360 PRINT3480,

HELLO

PLEASE TELL ME

YOUR NAME
"; : INPUT N*:CLS(

0) :PRINT5>107, " HELLO! " ;

1370 PRINT3222-M <32-LEN(N*> ) /2) ,
11 11 N* " " ;

1380 PRINT3389," LET'S DO SOME M
ATH ";

1390 FOR T=l TO 1500: NEXT T:CLS(

1 ) : RETURN
1400 9

1410 ' WRONG ANSWER

1420 PRINT3XP, "SORRY "N*;AR;"IS

WRONG": XP=320

1430 TR=TR+1:IF TR=1 THEN PRINTS
448," TRY AGAIN": GOTO

510

1440 PRINT3384, "THE CORRECT ANSW

ER IS"A(D) :PRINT5>448

1450 SOUND 20, 10:SOUND 10,15:FOR

T=l TO 2000: NEXT T
1460 TR=0: XP=384:G0T0 590
1470 '

1480 ' IF TOP 5 BLOCKS DONE THEN

SECOND ROW
1490 IF D<=5 THEN VA=2 ELSE VA«1
0

1500 HA=HA+2:HB=HA+10:VB=VA+6:RE
TURN

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 87

DISCOVER J ARB

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

JARB SOFTWARE

JUNGLE TREK

Lost in a jungle with wild animals lurking;
your only survival is to find a safe com-
pound before you are lunch for lions;
high resolution; multi-color.
16K EXT $14.95

RAINBOW

CEOT>FiC*riO*

LAZER STAR

HELO BATTLE

1) 2 players avoid destruction by blasts of
mysterious lazerstar while battling each
other for possession of Lazerstar

16K EXT

2) 1 player/2 joystick combat game to
blow up 5 blockhouses while watching fuel,
ammo, and avoiding anti-aircraft fire
16K EXT Both for $14.95

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

JARB CODE

Encode/decode important messages or
other information in a virtually un-
breakable format.

16K Standard/ Extended $15.95

BIORHYTHM

ce«tific*tioh /PSYCHIC iAPT*

SEAL

1) Prints biorhythm charts of nearly
unlimited length; attractively formatted
for use on Line Printer VII. 16K

2) Your psychic ability is determined
through questions evaluating your psychic
experiences

16K Both for $15.95

NEW PRICES ON
DATA CASSETTES
C-OS C-10

$ .65 QTY 1-10 $ .70

$ .60 QTY 11-20 $ .65

Soft Poly Cases Ea. $.20

Cassette Labels (12) Sh. $.36

Call or write for quantity prices on all
cassette products. Special lengths avail-
able, eg., C-02, etc.

^Installation of these items will void the
Radio Shack warranty. Radio Shack is a
trademark o f the Tandy Corp.

All programs warrantied 60 days from
date of purchase to original purchaser.
Unless otherwise specified, shipping and
handling $2.00 per order.

California Residents add 6°lo sales tax
COD orders accepted

PRODUCTS FROM
OUR FRIENDS

SKY DEFENSE

RAINBOW

CE «T,F,cAr,ON By Q uasar An i m ations

Fight off the attacking waves of enemy
craft in fast realtime combat. Machine
language.

16K $22.95

RAINBOW VAMPIRE

cep^atk* By Faho j (

Locked in a 60 room mansion; your only
escape is to find and destroy dreaded
Nosferantu before sundown; time play
averages 6-plus hours.
32K EXT $14.95

MYSTERY MAZE
Enhanced Version

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

By Faith Robinson Enterprises
Excellent test of nerves and skill; escape
this 3-D maze without touching the elec-
trified walls; lose points if you stop to
look at your map; random start locations
prevent memorization; play time varies
from minutes to hours.
32K EXT $14.95

BANDITS/NUMBERS

By Larel Software

1) Slot machine simulation; low resolu-
tion graphics with sound effects.

16K EXT

2) Try to guess the computer-chosen
number from 1 to 1000 in 10 or less tries;
develops mathematical skill.

16K EXT Bothfor$12.95

NANOS COLOR BASIC
/^^\ AND EXTENDED
rainbow SYSTEM REFERENCE

CARD

CERTIFICATION
S€Al

"The New Industry Standard"
$4.95

(We pay postage on this one}
All types of Nano cards available

JARB
SOFTWARE

1 169 Florida Street
Imperial Beach, CA 92032
(714) 429-5516

Dealer/ Author Inquiries Invited

JARB HARDWARE

*4K/16K MEMORY CHIP SET

Eight 200 NS 4116 Factory Prime Chips,
16K Ram Button, and Upgrade Instruc-
tions. No Soldering $16.95

* 16K/32K
MEMORY UPGRADE KIT

Eight 200 NS 4116 Factory Prime Chips
with Piggy Backed Sockets, Sam Socket,
Bus Wire, and 32K Ram Button. Com-
prehensive Instructions. Recommended
for "D" or earlier, but may be used on
"E". No soldering to computer. Easy to
remove $25.95

•64K RAM CHIPS

200 NS 4164 Chip Set allows you to
upgrade "E" board easily. Factory Prime
Chips $69.95

* VIDEO INTERFACE KIT

Allows the composite video signal to be
interfaced directly to a B/W or color
monitor. All parts and instructions in-
cluded for external sound output. Does
not affect normal operations $19.95

RAINBOW

DUAL JOYSTICK UNIT
(D.J.)

Single unit assembly enhances playability
of multi- joystick/ player games; conve-
nient press-to-fire buttons
+ $4.00 shipping $35.95

EPSON PRINTERS

MX80/Graftrax + $479.95

MX80FT/Graftrax + $524.95

MX100FT/Graftrax + $699.95

Serial Interface w/2K Buffer

Ideal for 80C use $99.95

80CTO Epson Cable $19.95

COMREX MONITORS

I works great with video interface kit)

12" Green Screen Composite .... $189.95
13" Color Composite Monitor . . . $344.95

Sorry, no C.O.D. on Printers and Monitors

Page 88

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

Hardware Review...

Ram Slam Is An Easy
Novice's 32K Upgrade

At $49.95, the Ram Slam upgrade kit from DSL
Computer Products is one of the least expensive kits of the
"solderless" type I have seen advertised.

Yes, I know, you can probably buy the necessary parts to
solder in for less. But I, for one, would not know what parts
to buy or where to put them. And I would pay my local
Radio Shack shop the $149 plus labor to upgrade to 32K
before I would even consider going inside my computer with
a soldering iron! So, if you would like to know if an
inexperienced person can successfully install this upgrade
kit, read on . . .

I received the kit late on a Saturday afternoon as it was
rapidly approaching "Miller Time." And one look told me
that this was going to be a "Sunday morning/fresh pot of
coffee" project.

The kit contains eight separate RAM chips which are
connected by these tiny, fragile-looking red wires. Also, you
get eight gummed label white dots on a strip of paper and
three pages of instructions.

These people are not artists when it comes to diagrams,
but with the printed instructions I was able to understand
what needed to be done to pull this thing off.Here are the
basic steps and what I encountered implementing them:

1. Open the computer and remove the RF shield. O.K. so
far.

2. Carefully remove the RAM chips. The instructions say
"Carefully pry them out of their sockets." Hey, those little
rascals do not just pop out. Well, let's see. ..don't use force,
just get a bigger hammer or, in this case, a pair of channel
locks.

Now I'm sure this isn't the way this is supposed to be done,
but it was the only thing I could think of at the time. Besides,
with a little caution and some protective tape on the jaws of
the channels, it worked quite nicely, thank you. The white
dot labels in the kit are used to keep track of the direction of
the chips.

3. Install the kit chips in the now-empty sockets. I guess I
was overly concerned about the frail appearance of the little
red wires. As it turns out, none of them broke loose. A
couple of the chips offered some resistance to fitting all the
way down in the sockets, but by this time I was getting more
brave about being inside my computer. So, a little extra
force by hand and we're ready for the next step.

4. Put the original chips back in on top of the new chips,
which have the appropriate sockets on top of them to accept
the original chips. (This must mean piggy-back.)

5. Press a jumper wire connector alongside a pin of the
SAM chip. The SAM is identified in one of the better
diagrams in the instructions, as is the proper pin. I took their
advice here and used tweezers to insert the connector.

6. Install the RF shield and close up the case.

The operation took me a little over an hour, but that
includes the 1 5 minutes or so I spent deciding how to get the
original chips off the board. Although the instructions do
not indicate how much memory I should now have, on
power-up it is 24871 and with the same POKE \ learned to
use with I6K (POKE 25,6:NEW) it jumps to 31015.

Not being the technical type, I was very pleased with how
easy it was to upgrade to 32K without soldering, and

without frying my computer.

(DSL Computer Products, P.O. Box 1113, Dearborn,
MI 48121, $49.95) -Ben Collier

(Mr. Collier is a member of the Columbus and Central Ohio Color
Computer User's Group.)

Software Review...

Mission Empire Will
Capture Your Interest

The truth of the matter is that we like simulation games.
And Mission Empire is a fine simulation which will hold
your interest and provide a great deal of enjoyment in the
process.

The scene is somewhere in some corner of the galaxy,
sometime in the future. You have one small planet, named
appropriately, "Homeworld," and you set out to handle an
area of space which contains 19 other systems.

You do not even know their names, how advanced they
are, or how, exactly, to get to them. But, during the 1000
years which you have to play the game, you will learn a great
deal.

On its primary level, Mission Empire has you zapping
around the universe, fighting other planets and trying to
expand your territory. This isn't as easy as it seems, simply
because, in order to win in interstellar combat, you have to
have enough troops. And you have to have the right kind, as
well.

Although not particularly well documented in the
instructions, the key to winning is to construct fleets of
reinforcements and then send them off to other worlds,
timing their arrival to yours. You can also save a lot of time
(remember, you only have 1000 years) by sending out scout
ships. But you have to be where the troops and the scouts
end up when they get there — or else they perish. Timing all
this among hops between planetary systems light yearsapart
is no easy feat.

But, it is a great deal of fun. And there are enough bells
and whistles hung onto Mission Empire to easily keep
interest up throughout a millenium.

While not heavy into graphics, there is an excellent split
screen effect which shows a local star map, givesthe date and
has some other details, including a menu of what your
options are. One menu leads into another at times, but you
can always get back to the main one by hitting the"X" key.
The same key is also used to "break off combat" if you're
getting the worst end of things.

There are ways to tell how far it is to other star systems —
assuming you know their names — and there is also a
universe-wide map. All in all, lots of different things to make
play enjoyable.

This is very much a "thinking" game. You have to plan
things out in order for everything to work. Once things do
begin to go well, time starts to run out. Part of this problem
is caused by the instructions. While more than adequatefor
basic play, we wish that some of the more complicated
things were explained in a little more detail. It took us
several hundred years to figure it all out.

Fans of Robert A. Heinlein's Starship Troopers will
appreciate the use of music in Mission Empire. When your
ship returns to a home base, the 80C plays "When Johnny
Comes Marching Home" and when you muster in new
recruits it is "You're In The Army Now." We won't tell you
all of them, but, in case you get bored with the songs, you
can toggle the music off — and speed the game up.

It is available in both disk and tape and, while a long load,
is worth the time it takes. We recommend Mission Empire.
(Strictly Color Software, P.O. Box 382, West Point, PA
19486, $19.95 tape or disk [disk version supplied on
tape]))

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 89

Software Review...

You Can Speed Up Some
Programs With Tiny Compiler

The advantages of machine language programming are
extremely well known, and so are the problems. Machine
language is extremely fast (because you are speaking to the
80C in its "native language") but the disadvantage is that it is
difficult, at best, to learn.

The answer for those who have not — or don't want — to
learn machine language is a compiler. A compiler is simply a
program which will take simple Basic and turn it into
machine language code.

At present, there is one compiler on the market, attesting,
perhaps, to the difficulty of writing a utility of this sort. The
program is called Tiny Compiler.

The name is appropriate because the Tiny Compiler does
not pretend to be a sophisticated big-time compiler that will
take whatever code you wish to write in Basic and generate
machine language instructions. Instead, and to the credit of
Aardvark-80 which markets it, Tiny Compiler is billed as a
limited compiler which, frankly, can speed up a lot of the
things that need speeding up in the first place.

The Tiny Compiler does exactly what it advertises: M akes
your programs (or subroutines) run much more quickly
provided you follow its rules. We tried a benchmark
program, to print out numbers one to one-thousand and
then print our name out 1000 times. The Basic program
accomplished that feat in 35.5 seconds. The program was
then compiled with the Tiny Compiler. Total time, 20
seconds. A hefty increase in speed.

In order to get this sort of added productivity for your
programs, you have to give up some things. Graphics are
one of them — and so are what the documentation calls

"multiple commands." A "single statement" is A=B+C. A
"multiple statement" is A=B+C*D. Multiple DIMension
statements are allowed, however.

You can use PEEK and POKE, IF/THEN's, GOTO'sand
GOSUB's. Also allowed are RETURN, STOP, REM,
FOR/NEXT/STEP, PRINT, END, DEFUSR, USR and
CLS. Variables must be one letter only.

And, while that is about it, that is enough for a great
number of applications. In addition, the code is relocatable,
which means it can be moved to other sections of RAM.

We found the Tiny Compiler easy to work with once we
got the hang of its requirements. As soon as that was down
pat, with a couple of simple programs, we were able to write
Basic programs without thinking too much about whether
they were right or wrong. Of course, the compiler has a built-
in error trapping device which stops the compilation and
tells you which line has a problem. It is up to you to figure
out exactly what the problem is.

We see the advantage of Tiny Compiler as a device to
make subroutines and the like for a great number of
programs which could stand the speedup. Obviously,
anything with a card-shuffling routine or the like would be
greatly improved if it could be run in machine language.
Writing a machine language routine with Tiny Compiler
would be easy.

This program is certainly not all things to all people, but it
will be very helpful for countless applications. The
documentation is adequate without explaining everything in
the greatest detail a beginner might wish.

(Aardvark-80, 2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, MI
48088, $24.95)

TRS-80* COLOR COMPUTER*

-16K Extended Basic, Menu-Driven, Well-Documented, Easily-Modified.
-For either cassette or diskette systems (Be sure to specify).
-Place an order of at least $40 and get one extra of your choice free.
-Orders shipped on cassette - Add $5 for shipment on diskette.

-REPORT WRITER-

Used in conjunction with FURST to selectively format
reports on your printer. Includes headings and total
capabilities '. $15

-FURST- "r™ 0 *
Date Element Dictionary driven File Update and
Retrieval SysTem. Create and maintain files according
to your specifications. Ideas for applications in-
cluded $25

-MAILING LABELS- 'MX -EXERCISE PLANNER- RA .* B0 ?

Generate and maintain mailing label records. Selective- Build and maintain complete exercise schedule for
ly print desired quantities. Can keep several label files if regular and/or weight programs. Display guides you
desired. Designed for Printer VII, easily modified. $20 through daily-calculated routines. Print complete

schedule if desired $15

-DISK DIRECTORY PRINT- ™- B0 *

For diskette users only. Get hard copy of disk directories on your printer for easy use and reference. Only $5

Send check or money order to:
LAND SYSTEMS

WW* P.O. Box 232

Bellbrook, Ohio 45305

'TRS-80 and COLOR COMPUTER
are Trademarks of Tandy Corp.

The RAINBOW

Page 90

Software Review...

Galax Attax Has Super
Color, Sound and Action

This new arcade action game is one of the better offerings
we have seen. It f ollows the attackers-in-formation line, but
has the attackers breaking from their formation for one-on-
one attacks against your home base at the bottom of the
screen.

The play is very similar to that in the arcades. The
machine language action is fast, the color good and the
sound of fine quality. In short, it is a game which every
arcade fan will want to own.

And with good reason. There are three types of evil
attackers, all flying in formation at the same time. But, that
does not last long as the attackers— one by one— break their
formation and make swooping raids downward. You can be
hit by their shots or can run into them as they are grounded.
If they make it to ground, they come back at the top of the
screen.

With all this action going on there is little time to think
about much. Fortunately, joystick response is excellent and
you can move out of the way of attackers or missiles quickly.
You need to!

Each type of attacker carries a different value, and the
points are doubled if the attacker is diving toward you when
it is hit. You can get a bonus base for knocking out six
screensful of attackers, and the number of the screen you are
on is displayed at the top of the screen by a series of flags.
The number of ships you have "lef t" is also shown, as is your
current score.

You can enter your initials at the beginning of the game
and, when you finally go down to defeat, your score will be
displayed. The top five scores will be shown as well.

This is state-of-the-art arcade action at its best!

September, 1982

■

STD

RAINftOW

0««l«r Inquiries invited

"STORM" brought to you for
COLOR COMPUTER

$24.9S

CALL

OR
WRITE
FOR
COMPLETE
INFORMATION

COMPUTERWARE

Dept. C • eon 668
6SD9 Spe&iBiisis Encmilas, CA 92024 • (714) 436-3512

Computerate ts a uademafk ot Computerware

Instructions for saving Galax Attax to disk are included so
you can have a much faster load if you have such a system.
The program does not require Extended Basic since all the
graphics are handled through machine language.

(Spectral Associates, P.O. Box 99715, Tacoma, WA

98466, $21.95 plus 3% shipping)

Book Review...

TRS-80 Color Basic A n
Excellent Learning Guide

Bob Albrecht wrote the first "popular"computer teaching
guide — the manual Radio Shack used with its original
Model I. And, though the years, he has written many other
popular books which have all been a study in how to explain
things to beginners.

In short, Albrecht has done it again with TRS-80 Color
Basic. Using the same approach which has helped thousands
learn how to program in BASIC, he applies his considerable
skills to the 80C in a way that can help anyone get the "hang"
of our favorite computer quickly and painlessly.

TRS-80 Color Basic divides the lessons up into "frames"
and provides space for answers. There are also a lot of
examples and some pretty unusual ways of looking at
solutions to problems.

Each chapter begins with a short explanation of what will
be learned and ends with a self-test. Answers are given. Most
of all, the reader is encouraged not to be a reader, but a do-
er. The hallmark of this book, as Albrecht says early on, is
that "the Color Computer itself is your best teacher."

We like Albrecht's style, too. He is witty, spatters in a pun
or two, and amuses you with words as you read. The is a
comfortable, enjoyable and throughly excellent book.

Whether you know Color Basic or not, TRS-80 Color
Basic will be a boon. For the experienced programmer, it
offers some offbeat solutions and is a valuable reference.
For the new 80C owner, it is a tool that can't be beat.

(John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Ave., New York, NY
10016, $9.95. Also available in retail outlets.)

Software Review...

Bugchase One Of The
Cutest Games We've Seen

Now there is this turtle and there is this bug. And, I
suppose we don't have to explain that the two are natural
antagonists. The turtle tries to catch and eat the bug and the
bug tries to get away.

This is the scenario for Bugchase, which uses high-res
graphics, but not machine language, to provide an enjoyable
32K game. The graphics, frankly, leave something to be
desired (the turtle, for example, is depicted as only a line on
the screen) but the idea is cute and there are, literally, so
many options you can't really keep them all straight.

But no matter. Bugchase is fun to play. For one thing, you
can decide whether you wish to be the bug or the turtle — or
whether you want to make a two-player game out of it and
control both. There is also an automatic mode that lets the
game play by itself.

Once those decisions are made, there are a lot of others
such as speed of the turtle, whether the bug can see and/ or
smell or just fly around in circles. There are other options,
too, which really allow the customizing of this game for any
taste.

Obviously, the lack of high speed and precision graphics
leaves a bit to be desired, but some of the other graphics are

September 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 91

good, too, and, to be truthful, we like this program's "flare. "
It is fun to play.

What do we mean by "flare?" The best example 1 can give
is the ending. M ost programs, when you answer "Yes" to the
question of whether you wish to quit or not, just end. This
one plays a rendition of "Itsy-Bitsy Spider, "complete with a
graphic representation of the song. It so impressed the
resident 14-year-old that she started Bugchase up several
times just to see it end again!

(DSL Computer Products, P.O. Box 1113, Dearborn,
MI 48121, $15.55, plus $1 shipping)

Software Review...

Math Tutor Has Some
Excellent Features

We are very impressed with two of the subprograms in the
Math Tutor package, Multiply and Divide. While the
addition and subtraction are fine, too, multiplication and
division allow problems with visual carrying and real long
division.

In multiplication, the student is allowed to show his or her
carry at the top of the number, and the problem is set up
much the same as a multiplication problem would be on
paper. The cursor can be positioned at the bottom of the
problem, to show results, or at the top where the carry can be
shown.

In division, the graphic characters are used as in
multiplication (but to an even better advantage here) to
show a "real" long division layout. The student can use the

same trial-and-error process normally associated with long
division to find the correct quotient digit. He is allowed to
start with any digit, and the program will let him continue
until it should be obvious that his trial quotient digit is
wrong.

The trial quotient digit can be changed at any time, by
using the up arrow key. If the trial quotient is too large, a
new value must be tried before subtraction begins. If the trial
quotient is too small, subtraction can continue but a new
trial quotient must be used before the next number can be
brought down.

The Math Tutor program also allows for simple drill
using the "straight line" display of problems.

While not quite as "gee- whiz," Spelling Teacher also does
a good job of teaching students spelling words.

The method here is to flash words on the screen, and then
ask the student to spell them. The first time spelling takes
place while the word is on the screen. After the correct
answer is given, the word is cleared from the screen and the
student is asked to spell the word again. If a word is spelled
incorrectly, it is repeated.

An optional just for fun segment allows the student to
unscrable words and spell them. A nice feature of this option
is that, as the student selects letters from the scrambled
word, they disappear from the scrambled part of the screen
and "reappear" where the unscrambled word is being
formed.

Words used in lessons are input by the teacher and may be
recorded on tape.

(Custom Software Engineering Inc., 807 Minuteman
Causeway, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931, $13.95 for Math
Tutor, $12.95 for Spelling Tutor plus $1 shipping each)

Own a TRS-8D Color Computer?
Wish you had Lower Case?

For $75.00 and five minutes of your time you can have full upper and true lowercase (not just reverse
video) with the LCA-47 lowercase adapter from Micro Technical Products.

What is it? The LCA-47 is a small PC board (1 .9 x 3.6 in.) that plugs into your computer's main PC board: leaves the expansion con-
nector free. It doesn't take up any system memory: uses a fast Bipolar Character Generator for guaranteed operation.

Installation is quick and simple: no cutting or soldering required.

Fully assembled, tested, and guaranteed for 1 full year.

Two switches provided on board: one to enable or disable the lowercase. The other to invert the entire screen (light
characters on a dark background).

What does it
provide?

The 128 characters below: improved upper case and very readable lowercase with descending tails, all available to
both Basic and machine language programs.

# *

0 1 £34 5 6 7 8 9

V "^1

E a to c d e f ci h i .j k 1 m n o p q r stu m w x y z
3 R B C DEFGHI J K L M N O P 9. ft S T U V M X Y Z t

1 t *

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

Custom character sets are available as an option, call for a quote.

Compatibility: The LCA-47 is fully compatible with all TRS-80C software that we know of, including Color Scripsit. It has no effect

on any semi-graphics or full-graphics modes. Also works great with Micro-Chroma-68 Kits and others using the 6847
VDG chip! The LCA-47 will not fit under the RF shield if Computerware's "16-plus" memory board is installed.

How to order: Send $75.00 plus $5.00 shipping in the U.S., $10.00 elsewhere, to:

Micro Technical Products. Inc.

814 W. Keating Ave., Dept. A
Mesa, AZ 85202

Arizona residents add $3.75 sales tax.

Phone: 602-839-8902
MC and VISA welcome.

Page 92

Software Review...

Silly Sentences, Poetry Will
Help Teach Reading Skills

This package of two programs is aimed at teaching young
children something about words and how they go together.
While they seem like little "nothings" in some ways, both
help children associate words with their natural order in
sentences arid, thereby, teach some reading skills.

Silly Sentences lets the user create sentences from words
found on two lists. The child is first prompted for certain
words, such as his name and that of a friend or teacher.
These words are used in the program.

After that, a number of word choices will appear and the
child can take one from List 1 and another from List 2.
These are then joined together with various other words in
computer memory to produce a "Silly Sentence."

But the sentence also lets the child begin to understand,
through play, how sentences are contructed. While not a
program with which an adult could have much fun, a
number of children here liked it and kept playing. As they
did, they gained some insight to where words should appear
in a sentence.

Poetry is somewhat the same, except there are more
questions. Again, the words input by the child are
combined — but this time into a sort of free-verse poem.

In this program, the child is introduced to the concepts of
parts of speech in a playing environment. The first question,
"Name a person or thing you know" is obviously prompting
for a noun. Later on, after moving though adjectives and the
like, the child is asked "What does (whatever was named in

The RAINBOW September, 1982

the first question) do?" This obviously prompts for a verb.

Once the inputs are all done, there are only eight of them
to match the child's attention span, the program produces a
"poem." When the responses are correct, the child's poem is
more readable and makes some sense.

We think these two programs are very helpful in teaching
youngsters something about words and how they become a
part of sentences and thoughts. They do them in an
entertaining but, nevertheless, thorough manner. Each fits
in 4K.

(Computer Island, 227 Hampton Green, Staten Island,
NY 10312, $10 for both)

Hint...

How To Get Non-Disk ML
Programs To Run With Disk

By Alexander B. Trevor

( Courtesy of the Columbus and Central Ohio Color
Computer User's Group, of which Mr. Trevor is a

member.)

Some Color Computer machine language programs, such
as Radio Shack's own Plug 'N Power™ software, will not run
on the Color Computer with the disk controller plugged in,
even though you load the program from cassette and make
no use of the disk.

The reason for this is that these programs reside in RAM
that is used by the Color Computer disk operating system
IRQ service routine (specifically, hex location 986). The

—Continued on Page 94

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FOR $39.95

September, 1982

COLOR
COMPUT

The RAINBOW

Page 93

FHL COLOR FLEX, THE MOST POPULAR DOS FOR THE 6809
FROM THE LARGEST SUPPLIER OF FLEX SOFTWARE IN THE WORLD!

Now you can run FLEX, OS-9 and Radio Shack disk
software on your ColorComputer. If you have a 32K Col
or Computer with the Radio Shack disk system, all you
need to do is make a trivial modification to access the
hidden 32K, as described in the Feb. issue of COLOR
COMPUTER NEWS and the April issue of '68' Micro. You
can get FLEX from us right now. OS-9 witl be ready by
summer. Please note that this will only work with the
Radio Shack disk system and 32K/64K memory chips
that RS calls 32K. Maybe they put 64K's in yours, too. If
you don't have a copy of the article, send a legal size
SASE (40c stamps) and we'll send it to you.

Using this system to run FLEX AND OS-9 has many
advantages. First, it gives you 48K from zero right up to
FLEX. This means that ALL FLEX compatible software
will run with NO MODIFICATIONS and NO PATCHES'
There are no memory conflicts because we m^)ved the
screen up above FLEX which leaves the lower 48K free
for user programs.

_ What you end up with is 48K for user programs, 8K for
FLEX and another 8K above FLEX for the screens and
stuff. We have a multi screen format so you can page
backward to see what scrolled by and a Hi-Res screen
that will enable you to have a 24 line by 51 character
display. That's better than an Apple!

We also implemented a full function keyboard, with a
control key and escape key. All ASCII codes can now be
generated from the Color Computer keyboard!

We also added some bells and whislles to Radio
Shack s Disk system when you're running FLEX or OS-9.
We are supporting single or double sided, single or dou-
ble density, 35, 40 and 80 track drives

MOVEROM moves Color Basic from ROM to RAM. Be-
cause it's moved to RAM you can not only access it from
FLEX, you can run it and even change it!! You can load
Color Computer cassette software and save it to FLEX
disk. Single Drive Copy, Format and Setup commands
plus an online help system are included.

Color FLEX includes an external terminal program
that lets you use a standard terminal hooked to the
RS-232 port. This will let you use a full sized keyboard
with a 24x80 display. Your printer is then hooked to the
terminal. The system will automatically control the
printer. No hardware or software modifications are re-
quired

Installing FLEX is simple. Insert the disk and type:
RUN "FLEX"

That's all there is to it! You are now up and running in
the most popular disk operating system for the 6809.
There are hundreds of software packages now running
under the FLEX system. We have 100 packages our-
selves. Open your Color Computer to a whole new world
of software with FLEX.

FLEX $99.00
INCLUDES OVER 25 UTILITIES"

DOES NOT REQUIRE ADDITIONAL HARDWARE!

OPTIONS

ED/ASM is a very powerful editor/assembler package.
ED has all the features of TSC's editor with the addition
of screen type editing, MACRO capability, and a math
package. With the math package you can perform sim-
ple or complex formulas with the answer in HEX.

0S-9/FLEX MACRO ASSEMBLER
by Frank Hoffman

For FLEX or OS-9, Create FLEX or OS-9 binary files
from eilher FLEX or OS 9 OSM is a MACRO assembler
like CRASMB. It is compatible with TSC's Assembler,
but it has more powerful MACROS. OSM makes it easy
tomoveFLEX programs to OS-9. In OS 9 it gives MACRO
capability like TSCs assembler and is compatible with
TSC source files. OSM was used by the author to move
CRASMB to OS-9

PRICE $128. OO

Specify OS-9 or FLEX

AUTOTASK

WITH MENU

PRICE S129.96

Includes source on disk!
Manual $10.00

6502 TRANSLATOR
Translator 6502 code to 6809
$75.00

SUPER SLEUTH
Disassembler for 6800/6809 or Z80
$99.00

DECIMAL and BINARY! In its simplest form it can be us-
ed for base conversions. You can also create a MACRO
and pass parameters to it. Works with files larger than
memory. It has many additional features.

AMS is also compatible with TSC's assembler. It has
MACROS and conditionals, it has more powerful
MACROS than TSC's. ASM was created by taking our
CRASMB program and making a §{309 only version of it.
Nothing else was removed. Both programs have been
set up for FHL Color FLEX and cost ONLY 100.00.

DBASIC allows the use of the standard Disk Extended
Color Basic under FLEX. All disk input and output opera-
tions are done through FLEX and are completely capati-
ble with the normal FLEX utilities. This means that files
and programs written to disk by DBASIC may be manip
ulated by FLEX editors, sort/merge, etc. It also means
that these files are not compatible with standard Disk
Color Basic files. However, the cassette files are com-
patible and provide a means of conversion. Also includ-
ed is a DBASIC program to read a Radio Shack Disk and
write to a FLEX disk

All of the BASIC language components described in
the Radio Shack manuals are implemented, with the
following exceptions:

1. Random files are not supported. FIELD, LSET,
RSET etc. will be of no use.

2. BACKUP, COPY, and DSKINI are not implemented
and will give syntax errors. Use the- equivalent FLEX
utilities instead.

3. A new BASIC command called FLEX has been im-
plemented. FLEX will terminate DBASIC and return to
FLEX.

4. DSKI$ and DSKO$ are completely implemented.

DBASIC is only $30.00 when purchased with Color
FLEX. $40.00 later.

Other languages available include; FORTH, Pascal, For-
tran77, 'C,' A/BASIC compiler, plus more

Application packages include, A/R, G/L, A/P, Inventory,
Electronic Spreadsheets, Accounting, Database pro-
grams and more. SEND FOR LIST.

TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER COMPLETE WITH 64K
RAM, 24K ROM, SINGLE DISK DRIVE AND FLEX, SET
UP AND READY TO RUN FOR ONLY $1,275. Includes
120 day extended warranty. If you have a Computer, call
about RS disk controllers and drives.

TRS-80COIDR
COMPUTER

FORTH FOR THE TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER DISK SYSTEM

Trying to get control of your Color Computer?? Tired of
translating HEX to decimal?? Tired of remembering
where the VDG and SAM are and how to program
them?? Want to write machine language code with
assembly language mnemonics instead of POKES??
Want to write programs in half the time?? Want to write
lots of small pieces of code that you can put together in
seconds to do BIG JOBS 9 ?? Want a language that is at
least 5 to 10 times faster than BASIC??? Want to learn
everything there is to know about FORTH, with the best
manual on the market, including lots of examples of
FORTH applications, and detailed explanations of how
everything works??

FORTH

Includes Editor, 6809 Assembler
String Functions, Disk Data File
Operations and Much Much More!

THE
ANSWER 1

FLEX COMPATIBLE
FORTH

BY Chuck Eaker, Ph.D.
X-FORTH NOTES

Supplied on one 8" disk or 2 5" disks,
with a 400+ page manual.
Disk(s) have the source of everything but the core.

PRICE only $149.95 plus $2.50 S&H

Manual available separately for S49.95 plus S2.50 S&H

We Have

$200.00

SOFTWARE CATALOG

OBJECT/WITH

PROGRAM

ONLY/SOURCE

code

BILLPAYER

169.95

PLOT

44 95

TABULA RASA

100.00

Mailing List

99.95

Forms Display

49.95

Inventory with Material

Requisition Planning

100.00

Some Common BASIC Programs

69.95

Some Practical BASIC Programs

69.95

OSM OS-9/FLEX Macro

Assembler

125.00

DBASIC (For Color FLEX only)

40.00

Infomag Data Base

Management System

295.00

Osborne Accounts Receivable

295.00

Osborne Accounts Payable

295.00

Osborne General Ledger

295.00

DynaCalc

200.00

UniFlex Simulator

110.00

FLEX For Color Computer

99.00

X-FORTH (FLEX)

149.95

8&9

CC FORTH (TRS 80 Color)

99.95

TOOLKIT #1 (BASIC)

49.95/

69.95

TOOLKIT #2

49.95

69.95

AUTOTASK

129.95

A/BAStC Compiler

150.00

Extended Utilities

49.95/

69.95

Password Protection

69.95/

89.95

CRASMB (X Assembler)

139.95

Personality Modules (1 INC)

25.00

50.00

9 ea

6502, 6800. 6805. 6809, Z80.

8080, 1802

CRASMB lor OS-9

200.00

Personality Modules

{6809 included)

35.00

6502,6800,6805, Z80, 8080,

1802, 6809

ED/ASM Editor and assembler

100 00

READTAPE

54.95

SPELLTEST

199.00/

299.00

READTEST

54.95

74.95

8&9

ESTHER

39.95/

59.95

8&9

HELP

29 95/

49.95

8&9

Job Control Program

49.95/

89.95

8&9

DYNASOFT PASCAL (FLEX)

59.95/

89.95

DYNASOFT PASCAL (OS-9)

69.95/

99.95

DYNASOFT Compiler Source

125.00

DYNASTAR Screen Editor (OS 9) 149.95

SUPER SLEUTH (6800/6809)

99.00

8&9

SUPER SLEUTH (Z80)

99.00

8&9

CROSS Assembler Macros for TSC ASMB

6800/1, 6805. 6502. Z80, 8080/5

49.95

each

3 FOR

99.95

6502 Translator

75 00

Debugging Simulators 6805 or 6502

75 00

9 ea

STYLOGRAPH 2.0

295.00

STYLOGRAPH MAIL MERGE

125.00

STYLOGRAPH Spelling Checker 145.00

CODE X = XBASIC, 9 - 6809. 8

= 6800. P =

PASCAL

Software by Technical Systems Consultants, Inc.

FlexTM (includes Editor & Assembler) 150.00
UniFLEXTM (includes one year

maintenance and update) 450.00

Editor 50.00

Assembler 50.00

68000 Cross Assembler on 6809 250.00

Text Processor 75.00

Extended Basic 100.00
Basic Precompiler (specify standard

or extended) 50.00

Pascal (FlexTM; 200.00
Pascal (UniFLEXTM) (Add $75.00 for

one year's maintenance and update)
Soft/Merge Package

225.00
75.00
75.00
75.00
75 00

6809 FlexTM Utilities
Debug Package
Diagnostic Package
Software by Microware Systems Corp.

OS-9 TM Level One

Operating System 200.00
OS-9TM Level Two

Operating System 500.00
BASIC09TM 200.00
OS-9TM Macro Text Editor 125 00

OS-9TM interactive Assembler 125 00

OS-9TM interactive Debugger

(Disk version) 50.00
CIS Cobol Compiler 895 00

Pascal Compiler 400 00

USA add $2.50 for standard UPS shipping & handling
Foreign orders add 20% Airmail
Specify 5" or 8' disk and 6800 or 6809
VISA-MASTER CHARGE- DINERS CLUB ACCEPTED

OUR SOFTWARE IS GIMIX COMPATIBLE

FRANK HOGG

130 MIDTOWN PLAZA
SYRACUSE, NY 13210 (315) 474-7856

Page 94 The RAINBOW

ML PROGRAMS (From Page 92)

instruction in the Plug 'N Power software in this location is
destroyed as soon as an event occurs that causes an IRQ
interrupt.

Of course, you can unplug the disk controller, but this
requires powering down the computer and causes wear on
the connectors. Instead, you can temporarily change the
IRQ vector to use the Extended Basic service routine by
running the following program before loading Plug 'N
Power (or other cassette-based machine language program).

September, 1982

Submitting Material
To the Rainbow

10 CLEAR 200,12000

20 DEFUSR(0)=12000

30 DATA 142, 137, 76, 191, 1, 13, 57

40 POKE 113,0

50 FOR 1=0 to 6

60 READ X

70 POKE 12000+1, X

80 NEXT I

90 X=USR0(0)

The Plug 'N Power program can then be loaded from
cassette and executed normally on your color disk system.
Of course, you cannot use disk with the above patch in
effect. Simply press RESET to restore the Color disk
operating system environment.

CORRECTION

In the NFL program in the June issue, line 90 is in the
wrong place. It should be renumbered line 55 to prevent a
DD ERROR if you loop back for a second schedule
selection after making a printout of the first schedule.

Contributions to the RAINBOW are welcome from
everyone. We like to run a variety of programs which will be
useful/ helpful/fun for other 80C owners.

Program submissions must be on tape or disk. We're
sorry, but we do not have time to key in programs. All
programs should be supported by some editorial
commentary, explaining how the submission works. We're
much more interested in how the program works and runs
than in how you developed it. Programs should be learning
experiences.

We do pay for substantive submissions, based on a
number of criteria. Those wishing enumeration should so
state when making submissions.

For the benefit of those who wish more detailed
information on making submissions, please send a SASE to:
Submissions Editor, the RAINBOW, P.O. Box 209,
Prospect, KY 40059. We will send you a list of more
comprehensive guidelines.

Please do not submit programs or articles currently
submitted to another publication.

Look For

The. , , ,

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION

^ /f if

■f
If

;+- >t- t+-

vf :jf -<f if *f >f -if "if <f -ff *f -rf -tf ^jf -4f if -+f -jf if

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GRAPH LABEL
Features include!
»uP*rscriPt»-

fubfer lPtS-
H 2 S0 4

UP to 4S Ol^araoters

C»r line,
ower case 1 et-ters
with deo«nd*r-st
•xmnfile-y p y 3 J

-ii- 4*- -?*

ALLOWS THE USER TO PLRCE CHRRRCTERS ON R GRRPHIC J
SCREEN. FULL NON-DESTUCT JVE CURSOR CONTROL. MOVE -t
CURSOR ANYWHERE ON SCREEN. FULL ASCII CHAR. SET . J

CRN BE USED RS SUBROUTINE OR BY ITSELF.
PILOT ROR C - C -

full ASCII character *«tr

I "#*!'.8,' <>*+,-. /01S3436789iJO>?S)A8CDEFGH[
JKl. MNOPQRSTIJ VWXYZ C S ] t * ' abed* f 3 h i Jk 1 finopqr «
ti.iw>;yr{ ! >

SM^KE MOUNTAIN SOFTWARE

SPECIAL-GET SOLUTION,
GRRPH LABEL, SCREEN
PRINT PACKAGE FOR
*21.93. SHIPPING FREE

2 the: solut i om

v-f
^

>f
.♦f

*f
*f
*

•*f

>f
>f

THE SOLUTION SOLVES THE PROBLEM OF THE CCS
SMALL SCREEN SIZE. THIS PRAOGRAM PRINTS
CHARACTERS ON THE HIGH-RES GRAPHIC SCREEN .
IT WORKS WITH ALL. REGULAR BASIC PROGRAMS AND
FUNCT I ONS (.IE, LI ST , PR I NT , CI..S , PR I NT TAB
AND PRINT USING),, FEATURES INCLUDE :

1- FULL ASCII CHARACTER SET

2- LOWER CASE WITH DECENDERS

3- 42 CHARACTERS X 21 LINES DISPLAYED

4- WORKS WITH ALL 2. COLOR MODES

5- LARGE MODE FOR SMALL CHILDREN OR THE
VISUALLY IMPAIRED

6- SPECIAL MODE WITH 4 LINES OF TEXT AT
THE BOTTOM OF A GRAPHIC SCREEN

7- WRITTEN IN MACHINE LANGUAGE, PIC

8- FAST— PRINTS AT OVER 600CHRRRCTERS
PER SECOND

(. NOTE ; THIS IS AH IMPROVED VERSION OF THE PROGRAM
WITH SEVERAL IMPROVEMENTS. OLD OWNERS OF THE
PROGRAM MAY UPGRADE THEIR PROGRAM BY SENDING THE
OLD PROGRAM AND $3.00 TO US. )

•M

■H

CC Pl'L0T-*4.95- VERSION OF PILOT FOI NON-EXTENDED-

-i

-H

n
-#

-A

•

PILOT IS A SIMPLE LANGUAGE WHICH ALLOWS THE
COLOR COMPUTER TO BE USED FOR C.R.I.

SUPER PILQT -S9.95 - R VERSION OF PILOT FOR EXT
BASIC HRS FEATURES FOR GRAPHICS AMD SOUND.

BASIC RUNS ON 4K MACHINES.
SCREEN

F-R I MT PRCKRGE
•4- -

A PACKAGE OF TWO PROGRAMS FOR USE WITH THE LPVII
AND LPVIII. 1> DOUBLE SIZE PRINT- CREATES AN IMAIGE
8 X 6.5 INCHES. 2:^ SCREEN PRINT - REGULAR SIZE
SCREEN PRINT THAT CAN MOVED ANYWHERE ON A PAGE.
BOTH PROGRAMS WORK WITH ALL PMODES AND CAN BE LOCATED -
ANYWHERE IN MEMORY.

RST GRRPH I CS-

SMALL M.L. PROGRAM THAT IS FASTER THAT BASIC. HAS
DRAW LINES, SET PIXELS, CLEAR SCREEN ROUTINES.
RUNS ON ALL MACHINES.

C ALL PROGRAMS FOR 1 6K-EXT BASIC UNLESS NOTED 1

T£EMS- US AND CANADA = CHECK. OR MONEY ORDER ONLY.
INCLUDE *1.00 FOR ONE PROGRAM AND *2. 00 FOR MORE
THAN ONE FOR SHIPPING. FOREIGN- PLEASE INCLUDE
ENOUGH FOR AIR MAIL POSTAGE.

HgTE. : PROGRAMS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE ON DISK. BY
AUGUST. ADD $4.00 FOR DISK PER ORDER.

n
H
ft

-
■■

-
*

SNAKE MOUNTAIN SOFTWARE, P.O. BOX 5722, RALEIGH, NC 27650

* * **■ ■*■ *t -Jt -i* *t ■* *t + *■ +. f * * *t * ^* # 4 *T ^ # t?* # ^ * p- ft * H- -+ **■ H- * tf * *■ -

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 95

Education. ..

A New Way To Make
Up Words Is Here

By Geoff Wells

Some of the easiest-sounding programming projects turn
out to be much more complicated than first anticipated. But,
if you take on something a little beyond your programming
capabilities and succeed, then you have stretched your
knowledge and abilities.

This was the case with the program Word below. I wanted
to produce a game similar to Scrabble™ with a bag of letters
of various point values, from which I could make words.
There are several books available the give the frequency of
letter use in English and these figures are reflected in the
program's data statements.

Picking random letters from this list is, of course, quite
simple, but you must then separate the letters used and put
the rest back in the bag. It is also necessary to keep track of
the letters on the screen, their positions, point values, and
the names of all the players and their scores.

All this involved several different arrays and switching
information back and forth between them.

When you type a letter it is replaced in the letter display
with a graphic block and the letter appears on the word
display, along with its point value and the total for the word.
If you change your mind about a letter, just use the
backspace arrow to put it back in the letter display and
remove it from the word.

All this seemed quite a task as I had had my 80C f or only a
month. However, after the program was finally running, I
felt much more satisfaction than I would have had the task
been easy.

So, if you have an idea for a program but think it may be
beyond you — go for it. You have nothing to lose but your
sanity!

The listing:

10 'WORD

20 * GEOFF WELLS

30 * HAMILTON ONTARIO

40 'CANADA

50 ' COMPLETED APRIL 26, 1981

60 CLEAR 500: DIM AZ* (200) , TL* ( 10

) ,PL*(10)

70 DIM AZ(200) ,CH(10) ,PL(10)

80 G=128+16*(8-1)+15:BL*= M

90 CLS(0)

100 PRINT3107,

110 PRINT3139, " WORD " ;

120 PRINT3171, "**********";

130 PRINT3384," HOW MANY PLAYERS

<1 TO 10>"; : INPUT P

140 IF P=>1 AND P»<10 THEN DIM N

P* CP) ,PT(P) : ELSE 130

1 50 PR I NT3448 , " DO YOU NEED I NST

RUCTIONS"; : INPUT I*

160 IF LEFT* (I*, 1)="Y" THEN GOSU

B 1620

170 CLS(0)

180 FOR N=l TO P

190 PRINT3224

200 PRINT3224, " NAME OF PLAYER "N
;: INPUT NP*(N) -Continued on Next Page

jjmrnigntiniiiiittiniimiTiinnminntmtniininiiirti — m~ Miw^^-'ii

gHERE ARE 1 0 GOOD REASONS TO JOIN|

§ .1). FREE programs. Good programs written by members 5
s5 are yours !=

*~ 2). Subscription to the RAINBOW a magazine devoted rz

MM ~

~ " entirely to the TRS ■ 80. Color Computer 5

= 3). Use of a library of member-written programs that you §
~ may check out and use for as much as four weeks at a 5

J5 time

— 4). A club newsletter, with tips programs and data on CoCo.

EE 5). Buy, sell or trade with your ad In the newsletter FREE

r: 6). Discounts on many software & hardware Items for CoCo

== Save from 7 to 80 percent.

~ 7}. The new member pagkage, containing many helpful

~ Items.

= 8). Discounts on subscriptions to CNN and chromasette

= mags.

E: 9). You may borrow parts for the Color Computer from the

= club and return them when you get the onei you order-

== ed from RS this will save you down time

IE 10). You will have someone to ask about problems with soft-

= ware or hardware. Many members are master programm-

~ ers, some are electronics experts.

1 The East Texas Color Computer Club

1 2101 E. Main St., Henderson, Tx. 75652

Blll!inmilllll!IIIIINIII!IIINIIHIIIIIIINIKIIIIIinillllllllHldlllllllllHIIIIUrtlll!IIIIIUi

* THE MOST COMPLETE LIST OF

EDUCATIONAL TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER"
PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES

$coo

Only \0 per cassette

A partial list —

• Add • Biology

• Algebra • Weather Forecaster

• Alphabet • Physics

• Planetary Positions

• Flash cards for German, French,

Spanish, States and Capitals

• Featuring — Computerized Encyclopedia

48 cassettes ( $ 200 with case)

Many more! From Kindergarten through graduate
courses. All cassettes *5W each. Write for free list .

MOSES ENGINEERING COMPANY

P. O. Box 11038 • Ardmore Hwy. Station
Huntsville, Alabama 35805
(205) 837-3356

Page 96

The RAINBOW

210 NEXT N
220 '

230 PRINT3224, " ONE MOMENT PLEAS
E"

240 '

250 FOR R=l TO 200
260 READ AZ*<R>
270 READ AZ (R)
280 NEXT R
290 '

300 CLS(0)

310 ROUND=l

320 'BODY OF GAME

330 '

340 FOR RD=1 TO P 'ROUND
350 B=RND(100)

360 IF B>90 THEN B=2 ELSE B=l

' BONUS
370 TT=PT(RD)
380 LS=0:W*= M,, :RT=0
390 '
400 '

410 FOR LU=1 TO 10 * PICK LETTER
420 PICK=RND(200)

430 IF AZ*<PICK)=CHR*<G> THEN 42
0 'USED LETTER
440 '
450 '

460 FOR CK=1 TO 10

470 IF CH(CK)=PICK THEN 420

480 NEXT CK

490 '

500 '

510 CH(LU)=PICK

520 PL*<LU>=AZ*<PICK>

530 PL(LU)=AZ (PICK)

540 NEXT LU

550 '

560 *

570 PR I NT30 , " ROUND " ROUND ;

580 IF B=2 THEN PRINT320, M B*0*N*

U*S";

590 PRINTS>32+(32-(LEN<NP*<RD) > ) )
/2,NP*(RD) ;
600 PP=0

610 FOR GB=1 TO 15 'BLOCKS
620 PRINTS>98+PP,BL*;
630 PRINTS>226+PP,BL*;
640 PP=PP-i-6

650 IF PP=30 THEN PP=32
660 IF PP=62 THEN PP=64
670 NEXT GB
680 '
690 PP=0

700 FOR LT=1 TO 5

710 PRINT5>131+PP,PL*<LT> ;

720 PR I NT3259+PP , PL* ( LT+5 ) ;

730 PP=PP+6

740 NEXT LT

750 '

September, 1982

760 '

770 PRINT3363, ■'»********» " ;

780 PRINT3363, W*;

790 PRINT9448, "LETTER SCORE M LS*B
; TAB (20) 11 TOTAL" RT
800 '
810 '

820 L*=INKEY*

830 IF L*=PL*(1) OR L*=PL*(2) OR
L*=PL*(3) OR L*=PL*(4) OR L*=PL
*(5) OR L*=PL*<6) OR L*=PL*(7) 0
R L*=PL*(8) OR L*=PL*(9) OR L*=P
L*(10) OR L*=CHR*(8) OR L*=" " T
HEN 840 ELSE 820

IF L*=" 11 THEN 970
IF L*=CHR*(8) THEN 1180
IF L*=PL*(1) THEN TL* ( 1 ) =PL*

840

860

( 1 ) : PL* ( 1 ) =CHR* (G) : LS=PL ( 1 ) : GOTO
960

870 IF L*=PL*(2) THEN TL*(2)=PL*

(2) :PL*(2)=CHR*(G) : LS=PL (2) : GOTO
960

880 IF L*=PL*(3) THEN TL*(3)=PL*

(3) :PL*(3)=CHR*(G) :LS=PL(3) : GOTO
960

890 IF L*=PL*<4) THEN TL*(4)=PL*

(4) :PL*(4)=CHR*(G) :LS=PL(4) :GOTO
960

900 IF L*=PL*<5) THEN TL*(5)=PL*

(5) :PL*(5)=CHR*(G) :LS=PL(5) : GOTO
960

910 IF L*=PL*(6) THEN TL*(6)=PL*

(6) :PL*(6)=CHR*(G) :LS=PL(6) : GOTO
960

920 IF L*=PL*(7) THEN TL*(7)=PL*

(7) :PL*(7)=CHR*(G) :LS=PL(7) : GOTO
960

930 IF L*=PL*<8) THPN TL*<8)=PL*

—Continued on Paae 99

SUPERIOR

ORACLE
PRESENTS

SOFTWARE

THE C C QUBE

A MAGIC CUBE SIMULATION FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
FEATURING:

• Easy to use commands

• Fast - uses machine language routines
9 Random mixes

• Undo moves or random mixes

• See all 6 faces

•Save QUBE to tape -for later reload
•Only $14.95

Conn, residents add 7 VA sales tai
Shipping and handling included

Personal checks require
2 weeks to clear

No C.0.D.S

Requires 16K Extended Basic

Send Check or M.0. to:

SUPERIOR ORACLE SOFTWARE
27 Church St. West
Greenwich, Conn. 06830

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 97

LOSING BATTLES WITH

GLOOMSTICK?

PUT THE JOY BACK IN
COLOR COMPUTING
WITH A NEW

SPECTRUM
STICK

Features include:

Power on/off LED
indicator

Ball joint components for
a true feel of control ^

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

Extra long cables

Sturdy construction

Hair trigger response

Dealer inquries - invited.

please send( ) SPECTRUM STICK(s) at
$39.95 each plus $2.00 shipping to

name

address

city,state,zip

(N.Y. residents add appropiate sales tax)
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93-15 86th DRIVE
W00DHAVEN, N.Y. 11421

Page 98

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

THE COLOR COMPUTER SPECIALISTS

COLORFORTH ™nbw

cinriFCAriON

UAL

MOVE UP FROM BASICI Forth is a new, high level language available now for the color computer.
COLORFORTH, a version of fig FORTH, has an execution time as much as lO to 20 times faster than Basic,
and can be programmed faster than basic. COLORFORTH is highly modular which make testing and
debugging much simpler. COLORFORTH has been specially customized for the color computer and re-
quires only 16K. It does not require extended Basic. When you purchase COLORFORTH, you receive both
cassette and RS/DISK versions, the standard fig EDITOR and an extensive instruction manual. Both ver-
sions and manual, all for only $49.95

ARMADILLO BUG
MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR

"Armadillo Bug" is an excellent system for beginners to learn to write and debug machine language
programs. This package includes: memory examine and change; move; punch and load; fill commands;
and more! Does not require extended Basic. Runs in 16K. Comes complete with printed manual.

Just $14.95

BIORHYTHMS

A neat little program you can use to chart the future (or past). Hi-res graphics without extended Basic
being required. Runs in 16K. You will be impressed! With instructions, only $10.95

OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST

"Starting Forth", a book by Leo Brodie. The best introductory Forth text available. 384 pages. Soft
cover $16.00

"Computers Piss Me Off'. Wear the official programmers badge. Large 2-1/4 inch yellow button says It
all! $1.50

"I y My Color Computer". White button with black lettering and red heart. 2-1/4 inches. Only . . $1.50

DEALER AND AUTHOR INQUIRIES INVITED

All items are post paid in U.S Texas Residents add 5 percent

Armadillo Int'l Software

P. O. BOX 7661

master charge

AUSTIN, TEXAS 78712 JgH^ PHONE (512) 459-7325

September, 1982

WORDS (From Page 96)

(8) :PL*(8)=CHR*(G) :LS=PL(8) : GOTO
960

940 IF L*=PL*<9) THEN TL*<9)=PL*

(9) : PL* (9) =CHR* (G) : LS=PL (9) : GOTO
960

950 IF L*=PL*(10) THEN TL*<10)=P
L* ( 10) : PL* (10) =CHR* (G) : LS=PL ( 10)
960 W*=W*+L*:TT=TT+LS*B:RT=RT+LS
*B:GOTO 690
970 PRINT3448, "

980 PRINT5>448, n IS THIS WORD COR
RECT"; : INPUT I*

990 IF LEFT* (I*, 1 ) = " N 11 THEN PRIN

TS>389, n MAKE YOUR CORRECTIONS";:

GOTO 690

1000 PT(RD)=TT

1010 FOR R=l TO 10

1020 AZ*(CH(R) )=PL*(R)

1030 IF PL*(R)=CHR*(G) THEN USED

=USED+1

1040 TL*(R)= ,,n :CH(R)=0

1050 NEXT R

1060 CLS(0)

1070 NEXT RD

1080 'END OF ROUND

1090 CLS

1100 PRINT345, "ROUND "ROUND: PR I NT
: PRINT

The RAINBOW Page 99

1110 FOR S=l TO P

1120 PRINT " "NP*(S) n HAS"PT(S)

"POINTS"

1130 NEXT S

1140 PRINT: IF (190-USEDX5*P THEN
PRINT" AS THERE ARE ONLY"200-US
ED "LETTERS LEFT, THIS WAS TH
E FINAL ROUND": END
1150 PRINT" PRESS ANY KEY FOR NE
XT ROUND";

1160 IF INKEY*=" "THEN 1160

1170 CLS (0) :ROUND=ROUND+l: GOTO 3

1180 IF W*="" THEN 820
1190 IF RIGHT* (W*, 1)=TL*( 10) THE
N PL*(10)=TL*(10) :TL*(10)="":TT=
TT-PL(10)*B:LS=-PL(10) :GOTO 1290
1200 IF RIGHT* (W*, 1)=TL*(9) THEN

PL* (9) =TL* (9) : TL* (9) =" " : TT=TT-P
L(9)*B:LS=-PL(9):G0T0 1290
1210 IF RIGHT*(W*, 1)=TL*(8) THEN

PL* ( 8 ) =TL* ( 8 ) : TL* ( 8 ) = " " : TT=TT-P
L(8) *B:LS=-PL(8) :GOTO 1290
1220 IF RIGHT*(W*, 1)=TL*(7) THEN

PL* ( 7 ) =TL* ( 7 ) : TL* ( 7 ) = " " : TT=TT-P
L(7) *B:LS=-PL(7) : GOTO 1290
1230 IF RIGHT*(W*, 1)=TL*(6) THEN

PL* ( 6 ) =TL* ( 6 ) : TL* ( 6 ) = " " : TT=TT-P

L(6) *B:LS=-PL<6) : GOTO 1290

—Continued on Page 100

™TRS80 color

From the January 1981 issue of the CSRA Computer
Club newsletter

There was some amusement at the Novem-
ber meeting when the Radio Shack repre-
sentatives stated that the software in the
ROM cartridges could not be copied. This
month's 68 Micro Journal reported they had
disassembled the programs on ROM by
covering some of the connector pins with
tape They promise details next month. Never
tell a hobbyist something can't be done' This
magazine seems to be the only source so far
of technical informations on the TRS-80 color
computer ". Devoted to SS-50 6800 and
6809 machines up to now. 68 Micro Journal
plans to include the TRS-80 6809 unit in
future issues.

NOTE: This and other interesting and needed articles
for the Radio Shack TRS-80 color computer >M arebeing
included monthly in 68 Micro Journal— The Largest
specialty computer magazine in the wOrld'

68 MICRO JOURNAL

5900 Cassandra Smith Road
Hixson, Tennessee 37343
615 842-4600

Subscription Rates

USA: 1-year $24.50; 2-year $42.50; 3-year $64.50
CANADA and MEXICO: Add $5.50 per year to USA Price
Foreign Surface: Add $12.00 per year to USA Price
Foreign AIRMAIL: Add $36.00 per year to USA Price

68 Micro Journal* was established with one objective in
mind; to provide a Magazine FOR 68xx Users BY 68xx
Users. Because of a strict advertiser policy, 68 Micro
Journal" has gained a strong following WORLDWIDE
because tfie reader KNOWS what he is getting when
purchasing from a 68 Micro Journal™ Advertiser. It has
gained a strong User following because most of the
material published is contributed BY USERS, and,
therefore, is relevant to the Users needs.

Currently, and even before the Color Computer"" hit the
stores, 68 Micro Journal" was devoting more space to
the TRS-80C Color Computer™ and information concerning
the Motorola 6809 (which is the CPU in the Color
Computer") than ANY OTHER Computer Magazine , Examples
inc lude:

REVIEWS of the three major Disk Control Systems for
the Color Computer", most of the Monitors,
Assemblers, and Disassemblers, Word Processors and
Editors, "Terminal" Programs (for use with Modems,
Communications with other Computers, etc.), arYd of
course, Games.

HINTS for Expanding Memor/, Power Supply Cooling, re-
pairing sticky keyboards, disabling the ROM PAK "Take
Over 11 , hooking up to Printers, etc.
DISCUSSIONS of the 6883 Synchronous Address
Multiplexer, using the Color Computer™ with 64K and
96K memory (which it is ALREADY capable of handling),
thoughts on Programming, etc.

I suggest that you subscribe to 68 Micro Journal™, SOON,
as many back issues are sold-out.

We still, and will continue to, lead in the type
i nf ormat ion you need to FULLY UTILIZE the POWER of the
6809 in the Rqdio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer".

Bob Nay t.
Color Computer Editor

** Sample issue - $3.50

Page 100 The RAINBOW

■

WHY BUY SO MANY THAT DO SO LITTLE?
YOU ONLY NEED HOMEBASE" TO MANAGE
YOUR HOME WITH A COLOR COMPUTER.

HOMEBASE™ PROVIDES WORD PROCESSING AND DATA-
BASE MANAGEMENT IN ONE INTERGRATED AND EASY
TO USE PACKAGE. SOME OF THE MANY USEFUL APPLI-
CATIONS OF HOMEBASE™ INCLUDE:

• Check book management • Ledgers • Grocery lists •
Shopping lists • Article indexing • Recipes • Disk directories

• Notes • Memos • Letters • Phone lists • Customer lists •
Business contact lists • Appointments • Mailing lists • Home
inventory • Car maintenance scheduling • Income tax prepa-
ration • Address lists • Charts •
WORD PROCESSING FEATURES INCLUDE:

— DEFINE 250 screens of text you can search, sort, display,
or print using names you assign or using any word or
phrase.

— EDIT text by duplicating, moving, clearing, searching and
replacing, deleting, or reordering entire records of text or
any word or phrase.

— FORMAT labels, memos, letters, and other documents for
printing with embeded printer controls for paging, skip-
ping lines, and changing character fonts. Program con-
trols provide setting; right and left margins, lines per page,
page width and horizontal tabs.

DATA MANAGEMENT FEATURES INCLUDE:

— DEFINE 50 data fields, including a comment field, in a
single record. Dates, time of day, phone numbers and dol-
lar amounts are automatically formatted. You may also
define 24 scratchpad data fields.

— REORGANIZE records by moving data fields within re-
cords or by moving records within the file. You may sort
records using names you assign or data.

— MANAGE files by searching, deleting, clearing, duplicat-
ing, and displaying any data field or record. Add, subtract,
multiply, divide, or summarize any data field. Use any
command on any selected group of data fields and/or
records.

— PRINT files using automatic formatting with options to
print report titles, a report date, page numbers, record
names, and data field names. Print all or selected data
fields or records. Use standard or compressed print. Use a
special print option to print the comment field as a mailing
label.

UTILITIES FOR WORD PROCESSING AND DATA MAN-
AGEMENT INCLUDE:

• Generating new files from old files • Merging files • Dup-
licating files • Moving data between files • Summarizing flies

• Moving files from diskette to diskette using one drive •
Saving files to cassette and reloading from casette • File
synchronizing •

HOMEBASE™ IS EASY TO USE:

— NO PROGRAMMING REQUIRED. All options are dis-
played in menus. HOMEBASE'" automatically requests all
required data and edits every entry.

— All commands are single key stroke.

— FULL screen editing for text entry.

— Complete cursor control for entering names, titles, notes,
and comments.

— Instructions with complete descriptions of each command.

— Requires 32K of memory, disk basic and only one disk
drive.

— All programs reside entirely in memory.

— Fast response to all commands including search and sort.

| ORDER TOLL FREE |

Credit card holders call toll free: 800 621-5809
In Illinois Call 800-972-5858

or send a check or money order for $75.00 plus $5.00
for handling charges to:
HOMEBASE™ COMPUTER SYSTEMS
P.O. Box 3448
Durham, N. C. 27702
N.C. residents add $2.25 for sales tax. Allow 1 to 3 weeks for delivery.

HOMEBASE'* is a trademark of HOMEBASE'" COMPUTER SYSTEMS a subsid-
iary of Small Business Systems, Durham. N.C

September, 1982

WORDS (From Page 99)
1240 IF RIGHT* <W*, 1)=TL*<5) THEN

PL* (5) =TL* (5) : TL* (5) =" " : TT=TT-P
L(5) *B:LS=-PL<5) : GOTO 1290
1250 IF RIGHT* (W*, 1)=TL*(4) THEN

PL* ( 4 ) =TL* ( 4 ) : TL* ( 4 ) = " " : TT=TT-P
L(4) *B:LS=-PL<4) : GOTO 1290
1260 IF RIGHT* (W*, 1)=TL*(3) THEN

PL* (3) =TL* (3) : TL* (3) =" " : TT=TT-P
L(3) *B:LS=-PL<3> : GOTO 1290
1270 IF RIGHT* (W*, 1)=TL*(2) THEN

PL* ( 2 ) -TL* ( 2 ) : TL* ( 2 ) = " " : TT=TT-P
L(2) *B:LS=-PL<2> : GOTO 1290
1280 IF RIGHT* ( W*, 1 ) =TL* ( 1 ) THEN

PL* ( 1 ) =TL* ( 1 ) : TL* ( 1 ) = " " : TT=TT-P
L < 1 ) *B: LS=-PL ( 1 ) : GOTO 1 290
1290 W*=LEFT*(W*, (LEN(W*)-1) )
1300 RT=RT+LS*B: GOTO 690
1310 '
1320 *
1330 *

1340 DATA

,3,

.3,

,3,

.A,

.3,

3 j Ay 3 9 A p 3 p

p3,

p A,

>3,

, A,

3, A, 3

1350 DATA

p 8,

1360 DATA

1370 DATA

,5,

,D,

,5,

5,D,5

1380 DATA

»E,

» 1 j

1,E, 1,E, 1,

• 1»

1 ,

,E,

» 1.

1,E, 1,E, 1,

,E,

,1,

9 1>

IpEp 1 P E, 1,

. 1

1390 DATA

,F,

1400 DATA

.7,

■ G,

,7,

1410 DATA

.5*

.H,

5,H,5

1420 DATA

.3,

. I »

,3,

3, 1*3, 1 9 3 9

.3,

. I>

,3,

3,1,3

1430 DATA

1440 DATA

1450 DATA

.5,

.L,

5,L,5

1460 DATA

.7,

>7,

1470 DATA

>3,

3,N,3,N,3,

>3,

3,N,3

1480 DATA

>3,

3, O, 3, O, 3,

>3,

3,0,3

1490 DATA

,7,

1500 DATA

1510 DATA

p3,

3 p R 9 3, R 9 39

R»

p 3,

3,R,3

1520 DATA

p 4,

4,S,4,S,4,

1530 DATA

,2,

2,T,2,T,2,

p2,

2,T,2,T,2,

p 2

September 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 101

SA V

- i

10%

COLOR COMPUTER

MASTER CONTROL

Requires 16-32K

1 . 50 preprogrammed command keys. Standard
and Extended command,

2. Direct control of motor, trace, and audio from
keyboard.

3. Automatic line numbering.

4. Programmable Custom Key.

5. Direct Run Button.

6. Keyboard overlay for easy program use.

7. Easyentryofentire commands into computer.

Load Master Control into your machine then
either type in a BASIC program or load one in
from tape to edit. Cuts programming time by
50% or more.

This Month Only

For The Radio Shack
Color Computer"

///

Written bvERi

50 PROGRAMS

In One Package

'The Color Computer is a product of Radio Shack
division of the Tandy Corporation

$24.95

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION
SEAL

$49.95

GHOST GOBBLER!

16K - JOYSTICK

$21.95

Tape Directory

Tft$

• • • •

Creates index
of your

programs
for each

tape .

To screen

or printer.

MACHINE LANGUAGE

FOR 4K COLOR USERS

Color Scarf man

GREAT GRAPHICS
Machine Language

Only $19.95

A MUST FOR ALL
COLOR COMPUTER
USERS'

Cassette, $14.95

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME -

^Wili SOFT SECTOR MARKETING. 1
9S9AH INCORPORATED

6250 Middlebelt • Garden City, Michigan 48135
Order Line 800-521-6504

Michigan Orders & Questions 313-425-4020 J

^^■MB f ~ I f 1 PAYMENT- pnvmonl acceplod charge, personal check

vrSA' tafc&rt 1 ""S^l I or COD only, under the totowmg conditions Charges
^■BHH J y f / """ I ctfoc essoo whnn sfi ippea usual ly wVtr i in A fl not j< s Persong I

Checks delay shipping pending S weeks to clear C.O.D,
orders are cerlilipa rheck or cosh o*iiy add j< 50 Ml retidenis must ood &% id let tan
SHIPPING A HANDLING - Shipping Charge*: fenfl the larger crmount. ?% or unless
stipulated otnerwiv ■ Any rjfaer received wrtnput shipping and handling will be shipped freight
called Air Moil Shipping ixjTsirio or Morth An*>rjca please send rhe Jorger o mount 1Gft> oi

The Quality Continues

Page 102

WORDS (Continued From Page 100)
1540 DATA U,7,U,7,U,7,U,7,U,7
1550 DATA V,8,V,8,V,8
1560 DATA W,8,W,8,W,8
1570 DATA X,9

1580 DATA Y,7, Y,7, Y,7, Y,7, Y,7

1590 DATA Z, 10

1600 *
1610 *

1620 'INSTRUCTIONS
1630 CLS

1640 PRINT311, M ***WORD***"
1650 PRINT

1660 PRINT" LETTER DISTRIBUTION
AND POINT VALUE IS BASED ON FR
EQUENCY OF LETTER USE- "

The RAINBOW

START

to ' hi

■

COMPUTER PROGRAMS
TRS-60 MODEL 1/3 16K LEVEL II
TRS-60 16K COLOR

S3 FROG RRCE S3

DEMO PROGRRM FROG RRCE COMES ON CRSSETTE WITH I
REFUND COUPON TO USE ON YOUR NEXT ORDER.
FROG RRCE CRSSETTE S3. WITH CRTRLOG

DUO-PRKS RRE

$10 ERCH.

/ PROGRRM SIDE 2

/ CONCENTRATION

/ SLOT-MRCHINE

/ SHERLOCK HOLMES

/ RSSOCIRTION

/ DICE ROLL

/ SHELL GRME

/ STRRSHIP-2

/ PUZZLE

/ MOUSE

/ TURTLE RRCE

/ STRRSHIP-3

/ LUCK 8« LOGIC

/ RESCUE

/ FLC~FRC

IOTIMERM / IC-TIMER 2

SYSTEM PROGRRMS *10 ERCH

SU1 CRSSETTE COPY / CRSSETTE COPY

ORDERS WILL BE SENT BY FIRST CLRSS MRIL PPD.

SORRY NO COD'S
BE SURE TO SPECIFY WHICH COMPUTER YOU HAVE.
B. ERICKSON P.O. BOX 11099

CHICAGO, IL. 60611

PRK NO.
DUO-PAK-1

DUO-PRK-2
DUO-PRK-3
DUO-PRK-4
DUO-PAK-3

DUO-PAK-6

DUO-PRK-7

DUO-PRK-8

DUO-PRK-9

DUO-PRK-10

DUO-PRK-1 1

DUO-PRK-12

DUO-PRK-1 3

DUO-PRK-300

DUO-PRK-301

PROGRRM SIDE
GONE FISHING
CRRPS
STRRSHIP
TRNK RTTRCK
NUMBER GUESS
IN-BETWEEN
SRFRRI

MORTRR BRTTLE

TEASERS

PT BORT

CHEK-CHES

THINK

TRERSURE ISLRND
DC-OHMS LRW

September 1982

1670 PRINT
1680 PRINT

ONLY THE
UPPLIED. "
1690 PRINT
E LETTER
AL WAY - "
1700 PRINT

TO SIGNAL
D. "

1710 PRINT3448, " PRESS ANY
O START"

1720 IF INKEY*="" THEN 1720 ELSE
RETURN

TYPE YOUR WORD USING
TEN RANDOM LETTERS S

YOU MAY BACKSPACE ON
AT A TIME IN THE USU

USE THE < SPACE BAR>
THAT YOU ARE F I N I SHE

KEY T

n PROGRAM FOR TEACHING CHILDREN TO TELL TIME

SELECT H OR (71

TRS-80 Color Computer*
Requires 16K Extended Basic

10515

APPEALING GRAPHICS, FUN REWARDS AND SOUND
Used Successfully In Classrooms and In Homes

Cassette $24.95

ALSO AVAILABLE- CASSETTES
Counting Money $19.95
Add-Carry $19,95
Subtract-Borrow $19.95

Mathfact
ABC's
Spelling

$16.95
$ 9.95
$16.95

WRITE FOR FREE DESCRIPTIVE BROCHURE
DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME

B5 SOFTWARE

RAINBOW

1024 Bainbridge PI. Columbus, OH 43228

The l&K Color
uith 51 or

• 300 or 110 Baud

• user programmable keys

• automatic repeat when
key is held down

• dump your files to host

• reverse video

• partial screen clear

• 4-way cursor control

Cassette and Manual $34.95 tu.sj $40.95

COLORTERM (c)

Conputer* as an in
colunns by ? 1 line

• any data format (commercial
systems, TSO, bulletins etc.)

• memory buffer for incoming
data— save buffer— scroll
through buffer

• preserve a "window" of

any size; new material scrolls
through remainderof screen.

(Canadian)

tel I iqent terninal
s and lower case!

• encode data for more secure
storage

• macro buffers for often-used
output

• patch the 51 or 64 column
display to your own programs
running above 9168 (23 DO hex)

Visa, Master Charge, Money Order.

Martin Consulting, 94 Macalester Bay, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2X5 Canada

*T.M. OF TANDY CORP.

September, 1982

The RAINBOW

Page 103

THE TRS'80 USERS JIIRML

If you own a TRS-80® Model I, Model II,
Model III, the Color Computer, or the new
Pocket Computer, YOU NEED 80-U.S.!

The 80-U.S. Journal has

programs for your enjoyment and enlightenment.
Every issue contains several Basic or machine
language program listings. It contains Business
articles and program listings. No matter where you
are, there is something for YOU in the Journal!

and...

The Journal contains reviews of hardware and software. Our "Evaluation
Reports" will help you make the best choice in selecting additions to your
system.

Save Over 50%

You can save over 50% off the cover price of 80-U.S. Journal. For the
remarkably low price of only $ 16.00, a savings of $20.00 (cover price), you
will receive a wealth of useful information every month. As a special
BONUS, if you enclose payment with your order, you will receive an
extra issue for each year of your subscription order. Order three years of
80-U.S. and receive three extra issues! At no cost to you!

Is your
TRS-80
Lonely?

Write today for

our

"No Risk Offer"

SEND TO:

80-U.S. Journal
3838 South Warner Street
Tacoma, Washington 98409
Phone (206) 475-2219

Name

Address.
City

State.

: Visa/MC

■

\ Exp. Date.

□ 1 yr. $16 □ 2 yrs. $31 □ 3 yrs. $45
Please allow 6 to 8 weeks for your first h

TRSSO is a Registered Trade mark o/ th* Tandy CW-

\ v v'

1 •

Page 104

The RAINBOW

September, 1982

PRINT #-2, (From Page 6)

We are very pleased to welcome Bob Albrecht and George
Firedrake to the RAIN BOW. Bob's credentials as a top-
notch writer are without question and I know his new series
which begins this issue under the title of "The Gamemaster's
Apprentice" will be useful, enjoyable and enlightening to us
all. Glad to have you with us, Bob and George.

Readers may be interested to know that Bob styles himself
as the "perpetual beginner" and writes so it is easy to learn.
For that matter, you should know the the RAIN BOW, too,
intends to continue to be the kind of magazine it has always
been — with its primary emphasis on BASIC and simple
machine language programming for the Color Computer
(including the new TDP System 100 because, after all, it is
the same computer). While we intend to keep up with all the
interesting happeinings in the 80C world (note the space
devoted to FLEX recently) but we will not ever lose our
interest in or direction toward the basics.

We style ourselves as being f or everyone f rom beginner on
up, and plan to continue that way.

As we have done for many months, we include a short
article on how to submit material to the RAINBOW
elsewhere in these (108!) pages. In addition, we do have a
printed set of guidelines on submission of materials to the
RAINBOW you may wish to read. Please mail us a request
and we will send it right out.

We do receive a large number of programs, but we are
always on the lookout for good ones. And, our rates of pay
are good, according to the information I have been able to
gather from other publications. So, we encourage you to
send us programs, articles and, for that matter, cartoons. If
you wish it, you will be paid for your contributions. And,
you will also have the satisfaction of being able to reach
more Color Computer users than through any other source.
Our effort is one of communication and we hope you will use
us to communicate with other 80C users.

In connection with the subject of communication, please
note our very first Reader Survey is included in this issue.
Please take a minute or two to fill it out and mail it back.

I said, in response to a reader last month, that we would
not do a survey unless we were able to make it meaningful.
We believe we now have the ability to compile all the
information we expect to receive to make the RAINBOW
even more responsive to your interests than it now is.

You may notice that the price on this month's cover is
different — an increase of 45 cents per issue. Given the
increase in pages, quality and so on, we hope you will agree
with us that the RAINBOW is worth $2.95. There is no
increase in the subscription price.

Note, also, that Rainbow On Tape increases to $6.50 per
issue and $60 per subscription. To be candid, we simply
underestimated the person-hours it would take here to
handle all of this. And, what with the increased number of
programs appearing in the RAINBOW (and, by definition
in Rainbow On Tape), we hope you will agree with us that it
is still a bargain. _ Lonnie Falk

the.

Col O - /nagfc - FRe co**

OA/IV THE ASTUTE CAN HOPE
71} F/asd 7y/£- My our J

mm w& z££t

<4* GfiCAT DUA/Ceo*l MAZE S/W£ & 0

MASTER DISK

C/ftCLE c/rx

#o. ffox 30I6C -/At0/4AW/**/S, IN. 4C220

ARE YOUR WALKING FINGERS GETTING FOOTSORE ?

Tired of typing in all those long, but wonderful programs from each issue of the RAINBOW? Now you can get RAINBOW ON TAPE and
give those tired fingers a rest! With RAINBOW ON TAPE, you'll be able to spend your time enjoying programs instead of
typing... typing. ..typing them! All you ever need do again is pop a RAINBOW ON TAPE cassette into your recorder, CLOAD and RUN any
one you want.

RAINBOW ON TAPE is available as a single issue for $6,50 or on a yearly subscription basis for only $60. It is the perfect complement to
the RAINBOW itself.

VISA and MasterCard accepted. All subscriptions begin with the current Issue and no back issues of tapes are available at this time,
^^gption^ sent first-class mail to coincide with the arrival of your current Issue of the RAINBOW.

YES! Sign me up for RAINBOW ON TAPE. I want:

A Full Year for $60

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September, 1982 The RAINBOW Page 105

RAINBOW MAGAZINE

First Annual Reader Survey

INSTRUCTIONS: Please check the boxes or fill in the blanks as appropriate. Where you are asked to make
rankings, please only rank in the range required. In other words, if you are asked to rank 1-5, please do not add a
number six. You must use this page to send in your reply— no photocopies allowed. This is to insure we only get
one reply per reader.

Mail all replies to: The RAINBOW, Survey Department, P.O. Box 209, Prospect, KY 40059.

Thank you f or helping us make the RAINBOW a better magazine for all Color Computer users.

ABOUT YOUR PRESENT SYSTEM:

□ 1 4K C. 2 16K □ 3 32K □ 4 64K □ 5 Color Basic □ 6 Extended Color Basic
ABOUT YOUR PRINTER:

□ 7 LP VII G 8 LP VIII □ 9 MX-80 □ * MX-80 F/T □ 11 MX 100 □ 12 Microline 82A

D 13 Microline 83A 14 Microline 84 □ 15 Microline 80 □ 16 Other (Specify)

ABOUT YOUR DISPLAY:

C 17 B&W TV □ 18 Color TV 19 B&W Monitor C 20 Color Monitor Brand TV or Monitor

ABOUT YOUR MODEM:

□ 21 Telephone Interface II 22 Direct Connect Modem I 23 Direct Connect Modem II

□ 24 Hayes Smart Modem 25 Lynx Modem □ 26 Other (Specify)

ABOUT YOUR STORAGE MEDIA:

□ 25 CTR 80A □ 26 Other Tape Recorder □ 27 1 Disk □ 28 2 Disks □ 29 3 Disks □ 30 4 Disks
IF YOU HAVE DISKS:

□ 31 Radio Shack □ 32 Tallgrass/Cer-Comp □ 33 Exatron □ " Other (Specify)

DISK OPERATING SYSTEM USED MOST:

□ 35 Disk Color Basic □ 36 FLEX n 37 OS-9 □ 38 Other (specify)

OTHER HARDWARE ITEMS YOU HAVE:

□ 39 Joysticks □ 40 Light Pen lJ 41 Other (Specify)

SOFTWARE I AM MOST LIKELY TO BUY: (Please rank your top five by number, with one as the highest)

42 Games 45 Utilities . *« Word Processing

43 Business Applications 46 Education 49 ^il and/or Graphics

44 Home Uses 47 Hobby 50 Music

I AM MOST INTERESTED IN ACQUIRING: 51 Other (Specify)

(Please rank your top five by number, with one as the highest)

52 More Memory 55 Printer 58 Alternate Operating System

53 Joysticks 56 Monitor 59 Other (Specify)

54 Modem 57 Disk Drives

ABOUT THE RAINBOW

I rate the RAINBOW □ 60 Excellent □ 61 Good □ 62 Fair □ 63 Poor
I have bought at least 44 products as a result of RAINBOW advertising.

I would like to seethe RAINBOW Offer more: (Please rank your top five by number, with one as highest)

65 Evaluations/Reviews __ 68 Business Programs 71 Tutorials

66 Games 69 Utilities .72 Machine Language Info

67 Educational Programs 70 Hardware Modifications 73 other (Specify)

The BEST thing about the RAINBOW is: 83 . The WORST is 84

ABOUT YOU:

Your Age: □ 85 Under 20 □ 86 20-35 □ 87 36-50 □ 88 51-65 □ 89 Over 65
Your Sex: □ 90 Male □ 91 Female

Your Occupation: □ 91 Engineer/Technical □ 92 Educator □ 93 Professional

□ 94 Businessperson □ 95 Skilled Trade □ 96 Student □ 97 Retired

Education: □ 98 High School 99 Vocational Education □ 100 Undergraduate Degree

□ 101 Master's Degree □ 102 PhD or Professional Degree

Household Income: L 103 Less than $io,000 □ 104 $11,000-$20,000 □ 105 $21,000-$30,000

□ 106 $31,000-$50,000 □ 107 $51,000-$75,000 □ 108 $76,000-$1 00,000 □ 109 Over $100,000

The Number of persons in our household who use the Color Computer are □ 110 one □ 111 two

□ 112 three or more

We primarily use the Color Computer for □ 113 Personal □ 114 Business □ 115 Educational purposes.
In addition to the Color Computer, we also own 116 personal computers.

Page 106

Aardvark 80 76, 77

A M. Hearn Software 53

American Library & Info Services 28

Anteco 1. 43, 60, 80

Arizin . 50

Armadillo International 98

B5 Software 102

Cer-Comp > , 38, 81

Chromasette * ♦ 82

Chromatic Software 68

Circle City Software 104

Cliffs Color Corner 49

Cognitec 30

Color Products Unalike , t .... 25

Color Software Services 15,37,71

CompuServe 10

Compuswitch 84

Computer Island 21

Computer Plus 19

Computer Shack 69

Computerware 13, 27, 59, 73, 90

Custom Software Engineering 12

DSL Computer Products , 40

80-U.S. Journal 103

East Texas Color Computer Club 95

The RAINBOW

ADVERTISER'S INDEX

Elite Software 48

Endicott Software ., 51

Erickson, B , . 102

Great X*P«T 92

Harmonycs 44

Home Base Systems 22

Home Run Software 100

Frank Hogg Laboratory f , 93

Illustrated Memory Banks . . 57

Hume Design 23, 33, 86

J ARB Software 87

Land Systems 89

Mark Data Products IBC

Martin Consulting „.... 102

Med Systems Software , . ♦ 67

Micro-80 33, 75

Micrologic . 8

Micro Technical Products 91

The Micro Works q 65

Tom Mix Software 52

Moses Engineering" 95

Nanos Systems Corp IFC

Nelson Software Systems 46, 47

PCLEAR 80 24

September, 1982

Peacock Enterprises , 62

Platinum Software . . 63

Prickly-Pear Software > . t , 70, 95

The Program Store . . . 45

The Programmer's Institute 29, 58

TS^VS^V t « i ■ 1 1 < 1 1 1 < j j . r T , . . 35

Quasar Animations 79

Rainbow Connection Software 39

Rainbow On Tape 104

68 Micro Journal > 99

Snake Mountain Software 94

Soft Sector Marketing .... 101

Software Options 26

Spectral Associates , 83, BC

Spectrum Projects 54, 55, 85, 97

Star-Kits 1 6, 1 7

Strictly Color 42

Sugar Software 72

Superior Graphic Software 34

Superior Oracle Software 96

Tabby Enterprises 66

T&D Software 14

Teague Programming & Consulting ..... 78

Transformation Technologies ......... t . . 32

Washington Computer Services 9

THESE FINE STORES CARRY THE RAINBOW

Acme Book Co.

Baton Rouge. La.

A Computer Store

Indianapolis, Ind

Adventure International Store

Longwood. Ha.

All-Pro Souvenlers

Pittsburgh. Pa.

Amateur Radio Equipment Co.

Wichita. Kan.
Apptetree Computer*

Dekalb. III.

Atlantic News

Halifax. N.S.

Byte by Byte

Urica, Mich.

B Daiton Booksellers

West Jackson St. - Chicago, III.

N. Walbash St. - Chicago. III.

Milwaukee. Wise.

Peoria. III.

B.I.E.S. Systems

Oak Park. Ill

Bill s TV Radio Shack

Newton. III.

Bob's In Newtown

Chicago. III.

Bob's News Emporium

Chicago. III.

Bob's Rogers Park

Chicago. III.

Book Market

East Cedar - Chicago III.
North Cicero - Chicago. III.
West Dh/ersey - Chicago, III.
Peoria, III.
Champaign, III.
Danville, III.
Book Nook
Usle. III.
Book Tree
Milwaukee, Wise.
Booked Solid
Wilwaukee, Wise.
Booktand, Inc.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Campus Computer Corp.
Nashville, Tenn

CJtJ Electronics Computer Center

Richland. Wash.
Caves Books Co.
Hong Kong
Chicago-Main News
Evanston, III.
CMD Micro
Edmonton. Alto.
Color Products Unalike
Vancouver. B.C.
The Computer Center
New York. N. Y.
The Computer Store
Louisville. Ky.
The Computer Store
Son Diego. Calif.
The Computer Store
Tulsa. Okla.
Computer Emporium
Louisville, ky.
Computer Resource
Williamsville. N.Y.
Computer SOS
Shreveport, La.
Computerware Store
Encinitas, Calif.
Cosmos Computers
Betrendorf, Iowa
Crouchet Electronics
Conroe, Texas
Dallas Computer Center
Dallas. Tex.

Data Byte Computer Center

Beaufort, SC.

Data Link

Dayton. Ohio

Deiker Electronics

Smyrna. Tenn.

Disney's Electronics

San Diego. Calif.

Dimensional Software

San Diego, Calif.

E. B. Garcia 4 Associates

Chicago. III.

The Eight Bit Corner

Muskegon, Mich.

Game Preserve

Indianapolis, Ind.

Guild books ana Kerioaicais

Chicago, III.

Home Computer Store

Westerville, Ohio

HW Electronics

Northridge, Calif.

John's News Stand

Medford, Ore.

Kelly Software Distributors

Edmondton, Alta.

Leo's Book ft. Wine Shop

Toledo, Ohio

Level fV Products

Livonia. Mich.

Levity Distributors

Hotlywood, Caiif.

Little Pirofessor Book Center

Philadelphia. Ohio

Canton. Ohio

Madison Books

Madison. Ala

Microwest Distributors

N. Vancouver, B.C.

Multi-Mag

London. Ont.

OPAMP Technical Books

LosAngeles, Calif.

Parkwest Books

Chicago. III.

Personal Software

Malvern, Pa

Printers, Inc.

Palo Alto, Calif.

Pro Am Electronics

Pacific Beach, Calif.

The Program Store

Baltimore. Md.

Falls Church, Va

Columbus, Ohio

Washington, DC.

Programs Plus

Tukwila, Wash.

Radio Shack

El Cajon, Calif

Radio Shack

Freehold, N.J.

Radio Shack

Paducah, Ky.

Radio Shock

Peterborough, N.H.
Radio Shack
San Diego, Calif.
Roinbow Software Services
Calgary. Alta.
RftV Sound
Fortune Calif.

Road Runner Computer Products

Glendale, Ariz.

Salt of the Earth

Albuquerque, N.M.

Sandmeyer's Bookstore

Chicago. III.

Soft Sector Marketing

Garden City, Mich.

Software City

Fairview, N J

River Edge, N.J.

Software Concepts

Dallas. Tex.

Software Plus

Citrus Heights, Calif

Software Store

Tampa, Fla.

Software Unlimited

Tucson. Ariz.

Spectrum Projects

Woodhaven, N.Y.

Strawtiower Electronics

Half Moon Bay, Colif.

Teague Programming & Consulting

Paducah, Ky.

T. M. Computers

Kingston, Ont.

University of Chicago Bookstore

Chicago. III.

University of Illinois Bookstore

Chicago. III.

University of Wisconsin Bookstore

Mil\A/aukee, Wise
Vldeomat, Inc.
Chicago. III.
Willy's Electronics

National City, Calif.

The RAINBOW
5803 Timber Ridge Drive
P. O. Box 209
Proipect, KY 40059

Gentlemen:

YES! Sign me up for a one-year (12 issues) subscription to the RAINBOW,

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INTERBANK tf

Subscriptions to the RAINBOW are $16 per year in the United States. Canadian and Mexican rates are
$22 per year. Surface mail to other countries Is $31 . air mail to other countries Is $49, Non-U ,S. rates are
higher due to postage costs alone. Payrrjent accepted In U.S. funds.

Limited back Issues are available for $2 each fornumbers 1-8, $2,60 each for9-l3 and S2,96for Issues 16and uo
(September, 1962 on). Shipping and handling costs of $3.60 per order must be added,

Matter Card

* COLOR 'COMPUTER

★

XssACTION GAMES-*.

FAST=EFFICIENT=MACHINE LANGUAGE

ARCADE GAMES

A new super hi-res space game. RAINBOW
Wave after wave of alien attackers. . . CERT ^* TI0N
each one a different and unique challenge to your skills.
CASSETTE (16K) . . . $24.95
DISC (32K) . . . $29.95 _ — m *

They'recalling
this one a "classic". You'll
have hours of fast-paced fun
zapping robots. Super hi-res action!

CASSETTE (16K) . . . $24.95
DISC (32K) . . . $29.95

"Finally . . . software worthy of the Color Computer." K.C. Westerly, R
"The ads and reviews were right. Great stuff, 1 " R.S. Los Angeles, CA

Outsmart the
creatures that pursue
you as you hunt for
treasure in a maze of
cave passages. Lots of
colors and sounds!
CASSETTE (16K) . . . $24.95
DISC (32K) . . . $29.95

SEND FOR OUR LATEST FLYER.
GET ON OUR MAILING LIST.

^BUY DIRECT^

We pay shipping on all orders in the
continental U.S. and Canada. Over-
seas add $3.00. California residents
please add 6% sales tax.

We are always looking for quality
machine language programs. Contact
us for details.

ADVENTURE GAMES

challenging puzzle
with an occasional twist of humor.
\ There's a treasure waiting

^Q^r- to be discovered!

i^^r, CASSETTE (16K) . . . $19.95

(Site Slack ^anctuttr:

For the player who enjoys suspense.
You'll encounter the forces of black
magic in this spooky adventure.

CASSETTE (16K) . . . $19.95

MARK DATA PRODUCTS

23802 BARQUILLA, MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691 • (714) 768-1551

SPECTACULAR GAMES

For TRS 80

COLOR COMPUTER

141 Harvard '
Tacoma,WA.
i 9 8490

If not available at your local daaler ask why not and y^^v

Call Toll Free 800-426-1830

Except WA.,AK., HI., (8:00-4:00 Mon.-Frl.) ceR T E '" T0N u/a