SYNTAX
Serving Timex-Sinclair
Personal Computers
A PUBLICATION OF THE HARVARD GROUP
VOL.5 NO.6
ISSN 0273-2696
JUNE 1984
IN THIS ISSUE
8K Programs
Cantilever Beam Calc,..3
TS2068 Programs
Color Plot.9
Char. Set Rotation.7
Book Reviews
TS2 068 Tech. Manual....8
Classified Ads.11
Dear Editor.6
Hardware Reviews
AERCO Centronics
Printer Interface....10
New Products and
Services.2
News.1,3
Software Reviews
Easy Math.2
Music Library.4
TSTIS Products
Catalog.8
VU-CALC.5
Vendor Report.2
Index to Advertisers
MODEM CHANGE IMPROVES TEMP PERFORMANCE
SYNTAX had heard that 2 05 0 MODEMS stopped at
high temperatures, but the manufacturer says
this problem no longer exists. Westridge,
the maker, points out that the failures at
160 F ambient were above the rated range
anyway. Nonetheless, a resistor change
raised the temperature at which errors occur
40 F above the rated operating temperature.
With this change, you can run at 110 F!
SMART TERM II PACKAGE IN TESTING
Those of you waiting for the advanced MODEM
software should soon be able to get it for
the 2050 MODEM. Westridge is testing the
package now. Once testing is done, the
manual can be written and you'll be on your
way to full-function telecommunications.
AI APPLICATION TO BE IMPLEMENTED ON QL
Sinclair Research just announced a medical
advisor package now being written for the QL.
This package, based on a book approved by the
AMA, will also undergo AMA review prior to
release. Users will be quizzed on symptoms
and advised to take appropriate actions.
NEW PRODUCTS IN DEVELOPMENT
SYNTAX will follow these development projects
for you. SoftSync's 2068 version of Arctic's
disassembler expected midsummer. Hawg Wild's
FORTH and graphics packages for 2068. And an
expander for 2068s, expected to provide RGB &
RS-232 output, disc controller, & 64K of add¬
on memory. Plus a source of Chameleon ROMs.
SYNTAX SURVEY RETURNS FLOOD IN
Thanks for the help. Early readings say that
SYNTAX needs ZX/TS applications & utilities,
for which we need submissions. Details later
Byte-Back Co
10
VENDOR REPORT
SOFTWARE REVIEW
Starburst Software has a new name
(Vessellware, 2214 Horine Rd.,
Festus, MO 63028) and sells 6
different 16K tapes. Send a 20
cent stamp to them for more info.
NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
APR Software announces ZX-CALC, an
electronic spreadsheet with a 15 by
30 matrix (450 cell grid max.), 8
characters per cell (3360 chars,
max.), all ZX/TS functions, cursor-
oriented entry and deletion, cell
data alignment, vertical windowing,
absolute and relative replication,
special sum function and autocalc
feature. It can output to the
TS2040 or ZX Printer, and sells for
$11.95 (tape with instructions),
from APR Software, 1605 Penna.
Ave. #204, Miami Beach, PL 33139,
305/531-6464 (Req 32K, can use 64K)
Raedata, Inc. announces its new bi¬
monthly publication, Micro-ROOTS,
at $24.95 per year. The new News¬
letter/Journal is for the microcom¬
puter user (at any level, and any
type of micro) who is also inter¬
ested in his family roots and
history (as well as the serious
genealogist). The first issue will
contain articles on getting started
with your family roots, genealogi¬
cal software reviews, user group
activities, search for family
roots, book reviews, archival re¬
search techniques, a query column,
and a calendar or events.
RaeData also plans a computer¬
ized bulletin board system within
three months, and an information
forwarding service.
Contact RaeData, Inc.,
MicroROOTS, 14208 Weeping Willow
Dr., Suite #32, Wheaton, MD 20906,
301/460-0754.
WHEN WRITING TO VENDORS...
Or when you call, mention
SYNTAX. We can't grow without you.
Program;
Machines:
Form:
RAM Req;
Listing;
bistable;
Language;
Display;
Author;
From;
Easy Math
ZX/TS
Cassette
16K
No
Yes
BASIC
Fair
Simulusion
Simulusion
POB 2382
La Jolla, CA
619/454-1023
92038
Easy Math essentially turns
your system into a calculator, with
formulae storing ability and a 26
item user stack. It can calculate
using all of the ZX/TS math func¬
tions, and can recalculate multiple
times automatically.
It may not be so easy to fig¬
ure Easy Math out. The commands
make sense once you get the general
idea behind the system, but you may
get confused entering your formulae
and data. Simulusion adds to the
confusion by packing so much infor¬
mation on the screen (see sample).
Then again, everything you need to
see is on the screen all the time.
You can have more than one applica¬
tion in memory at a time, but they
do not interact.
If you need full math ability.
Easy Math may be the easy way out.
2
NIGEL SEARLB SHOWS QL AT BCS
Following a press dinner with
reporters from Byte, Business Week,
the Wall Street Journal and ESPN's
Business Times as well as others,
Nigel Searle demonstrated the QL's
features and power to the General
Meeting of the Boston Computer
Society, The New England Life Hall
was packed as Sinclair's new design
demonstrated multitasking with four
simultaneous displays of separate
programs, generated a multicolor
display & changed all the colors in
one wipe with a BASIC command, and
scrolled information between two
boxed areas of the screen while the
rest of the screen stayed unchanged
Major QL technical specs were
reported in SYNTAX (Jan.84 p.l) but
some new info became available. A
second processor, an 8049, runs the
keyboard, sound, RS-232 receive, &
realtime clock functions using an
11 MHz clock. Data from the micro¬
drive are available within 7 sec.
Adding more than one accessory to
the expansion buss will require an
expander box, but the full 68008
buss is available at the deeply
recessed card-edge connector. The
expansion memory (0.5 Mbyte) plugs
in here and appears to be supported
to prevent wobbles. The built-in
Local Area Network runs on 2 wires
at 100 KBaud speeds and can talk to
Spectrum machines.
Bundled software includes a
word processor that shows bold type
with color, underlines on-screen,
displays sub- & superscripts, and
changes the margins in real time.
Abacus, the spreadsheet, lets you
refer to rows or columns by name—
the name you assigned—such as AMEX
or VISA. You can also name a row
with a function—RATIO=VISA/CASH—
and Abacus installs the formula in
every column. Also, you can assign
constants to rows or columns with a
single command, row=0.33. And get
16-figure accuracy—ten trillion
dollars to the penny. Archive lets
you construct multi-file relational
databases using 84 commands. Easel
rounds out the set with a graphics
program to present data. This is
also a what you see is what you get
chart maker with labels—no charts
in one file, labels in another
here. All these programs contain
the same expression evaluator for
formulas, a decided advantage. And,
all programs can export or import
files to and from the others.
Shipments of QLs began in the
UK in late May—1000 machines/week.
Production at Thorn-EMI will build
to 2 0,000 machines/month in summer
and Sinclair will be bringing on
another supplier late this year,
Acording to Nigel Searle, plans are
to ship 500,000 machines worldwide
in 1984 and 1,000,000 machines in
1985. In June, Sinclair will start
shipping to 30 countries. In July,
the QL will go to the FCC for test
and approval for US sales. Expect
the machine here in the 4th quarter
via mail order sales. Other sales
channels may not be set up until
the middle of 1985,
Third-party software will be
slow in coming for the QL because
it takes time to learn how to use
its power. Nigel says US vendors
are writing for this machine now.
CANTILEVER BEAM CALCULATION—8K/16K
This program calculates the
deflection of a cantilevered beam
loaded to maximum safe load at the
free end. Do not use these results
for construction or where their use
could endanger anyone, unless you
are competent to evaluate the
results yourself. Many factors,
such as moisture content, method of
fixing the beam, wood quality, etc.
affect the load and deflection of
the beam. I've made limited tests
on some beams and found the answers
surprisingly accurate.
Enter the program, RUN, and
answer the questions. Results are
only significant to one decimal
place. Wood is of the select, 15%
moisture variety.
3
In building construction de¬
flection usually doesn't exceed
1/360 of the length of the beam, so
for most beams, the maximum safe
load never gets tested. Consider¬
ing that the formulae used here can
have error up to 50% (for reasons
previously mentioned), I'm glad!
R. A. Pick, Port Townsend, WA
SOFTWARE
REVIEW
Program;
Music Library
Machines;
ZX/TS
Form:
Cassette
RAM Req:
16K
Listing:
Yes
Listable:
Yes
Language;
BASIC
Display;
Good
Author:
Kendric C. Smith
From;
Kendric C. Smith
927 Mears Court
Stanford, CA 94
Price;
$14
Music Library provides
database management program with a
convenient format for organizing
your music collection. It allows
you to store three 32-character
lines of information on 100 or more
recordings of music. You decide
how to use the threee lines, such
as name of artist on line 1, album
name on line 2, and favorite
selections on line 3. The program
menues provide you with options to
enter, correct, delete, save,
display or print items on file.
Two special features set this
program apart from others like it.
You can alphabetize (and renumber)
the records, and you can search for
any word in any line.
Music library can be easily
modified to adapt to your needs.
This can allow you to change the
trade-offs between user-friendly
features, space available for data,
and processing speed. The well
written manual comes in a full-size
format and gives numerous tips on
modifying the program. I increased
the number of albums from 100 to
175 by deleting the third line of
each data record, redimensioning
and putting all my data for each
album on two lines.
Omnisearch, the routine to
search for any word anywhere in the
record, runs slow but works. I
could speed it up by searching only
the first line, but I like the way
it works enough to tolerate the
4
delay. It's great to be able to
not only ask for a list of all
albums by a particular artist, but
also to list the various artists
who have recorded the same
"classic".
As you make modifications to
the BASIC program, a simple GOTO
statement will tell you how much
useable memory is available for
data. The manual is so friendly
and detailed that it becomes nearly
a tutorial on programming in BASIC,
with each routine explained along
with suggestions for possible
modifications.
I recommend Music Library for
those of you, like me, who have so
many record albums and tapes
scattered about that you don't know
what you have or where to find it.
In fact, the program could be
easily adapted to any type of
collection, such as photographs or
computer cassettes.
Dennis J. Parker, Sunnyvale, CA
SOFTWARE REVIEW
Program:
Machines:
Form:
RAM Req:
Listing:
Listable:
Language:
Display:
Author:
From:
Price:
VU-CALC
TS2068
Cassette
48K
No
Only BASIC part
MC and BASIC
Excellent
Psion
Timex Computer Corp.
and other suppliers
$24.95
Only the name of this program
resembles the ZX/TS VU-CALC. This
version occupies 37K when resident
without any data. Due to its
design, large tables use very
little additional memory.
Timex's manual for this
spreadsheet program leaves much to
be desired, but Psion wrote such a
good program that you get
comfortable very quickly. Formulae
can include simple arithmetic and
sums, as well as constants and cell
references.
You can enter text by typing a
quote first, then the text and
ENTER. Constants and formulae can
be typed directly (followed by
ENTER). Commands (accessed via the
# key) include calculate, edit
formula, format, load, save, print,
repeat, blank, transfer, and quit.
Repeat allows replication of
lines, titles, data, or formulae.
Transfer moves sections around
without changing them. Format
allows you to specify integer,
money, or general display format,
right or left justified. Text mode
allows 28 characters, some of which
will spill over to adjacent cells.
If the program dumps you out
to BASIC, you type GOTO 9000 and it
shows the cell which generated the
error. Hit ENTER and you can
continue to work on the worksheet.
Do not ignore this part of the
directions: you may lose your data.
VU-CALC fixes column width at
7 characters, which can be a
serious limitation if you deal with
sums of money over $9999.99. The
ZX/TS version handled 8 characters,
a slightly more realistic size.
VU-CALC contains a bug which
makes formulae impossible to enter
after exiting to the main menu and
selecting option 2, clear entire
worksheet. To correct this bug,
follow these instructions.
LOAD the VU-CALC tape,. Edit
line 3200, inserting one CLEAR
statement at the beginning of the
line. SAVE "Vcalc" LINE 10 on a
fresh tape. Now rewind the
original tape, and LOAD ""CODE.
This will load in the title screen.
Save this on the new tape after the
VU-CALC BASIC section with SAVE
"S"SCREEN$. Finally, SAVE "V'CODE
29327,36000 to put the VU-CALC
machine code on the tape. This
tape will take longer to load than
the original.
John Slattery, Chatham Twp, NJ
5
DEAR EDITOR:
Who knows how to bank switch
the TS2 068? Can I use my Memotech
64K RAM on it?
Ernest Clark, Louisville, TN
Timex’s TS2068 Technical Manual
(see review this issue) contains
all you ever wanted to know about
bank switching. Your Memotech RAM
may be useful as a bank-switched
memory, but would require substan¬
tial modifications to the address
decoding hardware to work.
I am having no luck getting
Firstloader [SYNTAX Dec'83] to
work. I have rechecked the code
and it is as listed. Use of my
Winky Board doesn't help.
John Harkreader, Jacksonville, FL
Be sure to position the ZX/TS tape
near the end of the 5 second quiet
leader. If your tape is very
noisy, it will not load. Try
loading it on a ZX/TS machine and
saving through the SAVE filter of
the Winky Board. If this still
doesn't work, suspect a bad Winky
Board: try Firstloading without it.
If the results are identical, you
probably need a new Winky.
As an enthusiast of the
ZX/TS, I am resubscribing to SYNTAX
in full knowledge of Timex's recent
decision to withdraw from the
market. Furthermore, I plan to buy
a TS2068 very shortly, despite the
fact they may be in short supply.
Timex made mistakes in their
marketing efforts, and they are
paying the price. I am confident
that Sinclair (or an enlightened US
firm) will pick up and improve on
Timex's efforts. Carry on.
Glenn McClung, Denver, CO
Sinclair Research in the US will
not support Timex products and is
concentrating on their new QL.
Where can I get a listing of
the ROM in the TS2068?
Gerald McKouen, Lansing, MI
Once again, the TS2068 Technical
Manual contains ROM entry points
and other technical information,
however, no listing of the ROM.
The Spectrum ROM listing is
available from Melbourne House in
the UK, but no equivalent book can
be purchased in the US.
I am in complete agreement
with Thomas Woods of Jefferson, NH,
but I think all serious ZXers
should take full advantage of the
fine bargains offered by these
panic striken vendors. I am trying
to do so, and I realize I may run
afould of a vendor who is a ripoff
artist.
So far I have gotten my Zebra
Light pen (14 days from mailing my
order in). I still have orders for
a K2 Kradle Keyboard and 64K RAM, a
computer control center from MBR
Distributors of Deerfield, IL, and
an EPROM chip for my Hunter Board
from ROMPAK of Los Angeles (two
weeks and still waiting... and
they're practically across town).
ZX81s are actually very small,
very inexpensive computers that can
do most anything you ask of it,
slowly. It is a lousy game player
because it is slow and has very
crude graphics. But it's so cheap
that it can be entirely dedicated
to one task (I have a system
devoted to rental management and
accounting for a 27 unit apartment
complex). There are thousands of
applications that now attract
thousand dollar systems that can be
operated for under $400, I am
always willing to talk business
with the ZX/TS. It has remarkable
data storage capacity within
strings. With fast LOAD utilities
it even stores and loads reasonably
quickly on cassette.
Terry Hardenbergh, Pasadena, CA
CHARACTER SET ROTATION—TS2068
This machine code routine
allows you to rotate the character
set in any of four directions, with
or without mirror imaging it.
To enter the routine, type in
the
first listing and RUN.
Then
input each of these
ing left to right):
numbers
(read-
033
000
252
001
000
252
197
221
033
08 0
251
006
001
022
008
229
014
000
126
160
04 0
002
203
193
203
001
121
035
021
032
243
221
119
000
221
035
225
203
000
048
228
035
035
035
035
035
035
035
035
2 09
229
033
08 0
251
001
008
000
2 37
176
225
213
124
254
255
032
197
193
2 01
033
000
061
017
000
252
001
000
003
2 37
176
2 01
When you are through, put
a tape in the cassette and record
the routine (you can GOTO 50 again
to make more copies on the tape).
Now enter the second listing
and RUN. You should see the output
shown here.
To use the program in your own
applications, first LOAD the
machine code tape, then make sure
your program contains a CLEAR 64255
at the beginning. Add a call to
the initialization routine followed
by two POKES to set up the new
character set (lines 40 and 50).
To rotate 90 degrees counterclock¬
wise, call the rotate routine (line
60). Four rotations will bring you
back to the original character set.
To get mirror imaging, first
POKE 64281,9, then call the rotate
routine once and POKE 64281,1.
This will rotate once and mirror
image. One more rotation will get
you a mirror image of the normal
character set.
So that you may start rotating
from a known point, you can call
the initialization routine (line
40) at any time to get the normal
character set back.
When you execute the init
routine, the program copies the
standard character set at 3D00 to
RAM at FC00. If you want to rotate
a different character set, load it
into FC00-FF00 and do not call the
initialization routine.
Keep in mind that when you
rotate the character set, only
subsequently printed characters
will reflect the rotation, because
the TS2068 has a real bit-mapped
screen display.
This routine can be relocated,
but it's not easy. Change absolute
16 bit addresses at locations
64257, 64260, 64308, and 64328 to
reflect the relocation. You must
leave the character set starting
256 bytes from the origin.
7
BOOK REVIEW
Title:
TS2068 Personal Color
Computer Technical
Reference Manual
Authors:
Corcoran and Branigin
Pages:
Approx. 350 Looseleaf
Machines:
TS2068
From:
Timex Materials Sales
Division
POB 1378
Little Rock, AR 72203
Price:
$2 5 ppd
We've already told you that
everyone who owns a TS2068 should
buy this book [SYNTAX May*84].
Even if you never need this book,
it will increase the resale value
of your 2068 because it describes
the entire system in intimate
technical detail.
If you don't program in
machine code or understand digital
electronics, this book probably
won't be to useful to you. It
assumes a great deal of prior
knowledge about computers and
electronics.
But if you need to know about
how the CPU, ROM, RAM, sound chip,
joysticks, keyboard, display
hardware, cassette ports, or any
other facet of the hardware works,
or you need pinouts for any of the
connectors inside or outside, or
you need to understand how the ROM
cartridge software gets loaded, or
how the operating system calls
work, or how the machine interfaces
to available Timex hardware, you
will want a copy of this book. It
also contains sections on known
bugs in the TS2068 ROM (some of
them rather obscure) and listings
of machine code packages for doing
80, 64, and 40 column displays, and
movable graphic blocks (sprites).
It even includes a PCB layout
(including solder mask) for an
EPROM board for the dock connector.
If you're serious about your
2068, or just to increase resale
value, this book is well worth the
price. It tells it all.
SOFTWARE REVIEW
Program:
Machines:
Form:
RAM Req:
Listing:
Bistable:
Language:
Display:
Author:
From:
Price:
TSTIS Products Catalog
TS2068
Cassette
48K
No
Yes
BASIC
Good
Don Barnard
Timex/Sinclair Training
Information Service
POB 15214
Red Bank, TN 37415
615/877-6328
Mon-Fri l-6pm EST
$3 ppd
Finally, a computer program
that doesn't even need to be a
computer program! TSTIS sells this
cassette not as a program so much
as a catalog: each biweekly update
lists over 180 different books,
software, and hardware packages
from major TS2068 suppliers.
You can order half of what's
listed directly from TSTIS, with a
5% discount if you order more than
2 items and a 10% discount if over
4 items. TSTIS adds a shipping
charge of $1.50 + .25/item, and
accepts only money orders (no
checks). TN residents must add
7.25% taxes. If you want an update
of the catalog, you return your
cassette (or another blank 10
minute tape) with your order.
Advertising in the TSTIS
products catalog is free. One side
of the tape lists TSTIS products
and the other side lists other
products, including information for
ordering directly from suppliers.
TSTIS limits listings to 10 lines
of 32 characters.
You can subscribe to the TSTIS
products catalog for 6 months for
$12 (12 bimonthly updates). You
must return the old tape to receive
the latest update. Single updates
cost $1 with cassette. TSTIS asks
that you order a copy at $3 to look
it over before subscribing.
8
COLOR PLOT—TS2068
Use this program for drawing
lines or circles anywhere on the
screen. If you use a joystick, you
can move, change color, and draw
circles all at once. If you use
your keyboard, you can only enter
one command at a time. RUN the
program and push k for help.
Joseph D. Reigada, Modena, NY
9
HARDWARE REVIEW
Product: Centronics Printer I/F
Machines: TS2068
Price: $69.95
From: AERCO
POB 18093
Austin, TX 78760
512/331-0719
This interface plugs into the
back of the TS2068 and provides a
cable with a standard Centronics
parallel printer connector.
Coupled with driver software, it
enables the TS2068 commands LPRINT
and LLIST to output directly to a
parallel printer, and provides the
same function as COPY (but not via
the COPY command).
AERCO's board comes uncased
and without an extender for the
TS2068 bus (in fact, the connector
on the board only mates with the
ZX/TS compatible pins). Therefore,
this interface must be the last
plug-in on the bus.
You must LOAD a cassette con¬
taining the print driver program
before using the interface. This
program will patch into LPRINT and
LLIST, but you must change all
occurrences of COPY in your pro¬
grams to LPRINT CHR$ 1. Changing
MC programs to COPY through this
interface presents even more of a
problem: you must replace the COPY
calls in the MC to jump instead to
AERCO's routine. For programs with
little modification documentation,
this can be almost impossible.
Deciding to use CHR$ 1 as the
code for copy screen in the printer
driver was unfortunate; LLIST out¬
put occaisionally contains this
code. When it does, a copy of the
screen will be inserted in your
listing. To avoid this problem
(which AERCO calls a bug in the
TS2068), follow the instructions to
disable the CHR$ 1 function and
call the AERCO COPY routine via
RAND USR 64628.
AERCO provides a number of
important and often overlooked
In Stock! NEWMD-2B KIT
SMART modem $119“
ASSEMBLED & TESTED $149.9^^^.. HI i<
Now With Both I
ORIG./ANS. ;
» Send Text from MomofV 1
• Send and receive f^ograms by Ph'
• Copy Information into menrxxy
Print it. Review it. Save it on Tape^
• Use Timex 2040 Printer or RS-232
• RS-232 Printer Port provided |
• No extra memory Required.
See Review in Feb. '84 SYNTAX • 2 FREE Hours on COMPaSCT
COMPUSERVE PACKAGE WITH 5 FREE HOURS ONLY $39.95
NEW MD-68 FOR THE 2068
SAME FEATURES & SAME PRICE AS THE MO-2B
64-K MEMORY $109.«5 k.t iSS^sScket
the ULTIMATE MEMORY” assembled
SEE REVIEW IN JANUARY ’84 SYNTAX
KEYBOARD without case .... .$39.“
GORILLA/BANANA PRINTER , $199.“
7Y DDr\ /Cll C Cassette & Book $16.95
fcA IL.C including shipping
Clearly the Best File Management Program Avaiable.
NEW PRO/FILE 2068 including shipping
A new version of the Popular ZX PRO/FILE Program with many
new features for the 2068. Includes a 100 Page Manual.
RS-232 PRINTER INTERFACE Only $59.“ KIT $69.“ ASSEMBLED
CONTROL MODULE 8 relays, 8 inputs. $59.“ KIT $69.“ ASSEMBLED
BYTE BACK CO.
RL 3, Boa 147, Brodto Road
Lm«vUI«, 8.C. 2M70
ORDER PHONE •03-532-5312
Add $4.95 aMppIng and handling
•0 Day Warranty On All Modulat. 10—Day Raturn Prtviladga
features, however. You may tell
the printer driver program to
expand TS2068 tokens out to their
word equivalents (for LLIST), or
tell it to send all codes unaltered
(for direct printer control). You
can customize the COPY routine for
four different types of bitmap
printer code systems (covering
Gorrilla Bananna, Seikosha GP100,
Prowriter 8510, Star Gemini 10X,
All Epson models, and Mannesmann
Tally Spirit 80). Other options
include automatic linefeed after
carriage return, use TS2040
printer, and settable printer
width. You can add AERCO's printer
driver to your own programs using
instructions included with it.
Most of the drawbacks of this
interface are minor. It works well
and shows enough forethought to
make you believe that the features
they left out were left out for a
reason (like price/performance),
not because they never thought to
include them.
10
SYNTAX is published monthly by a wholly-
owned subsidiary of The Harvard Group.
Syntax ZX80, Inc.
RD 2, Box 457, Harvard, MA 01451.
Telephone 617/456-3661.
12 issues, $29. Single issue, $4.
Publisher: Kirtland H. Olson
Editor: Eric K. Olson
Consulting Editor: Ann L. Zevnik
Technical Consultant: Kirtland H. Olson
© Syntax ZX80, Inc., 1984. All rights reserved.
Photocopying prohibited. ISSN 0273-2696
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