NORTHERN BYTES
mk
M « 4> I 4 » ^tt
';:i::>'::::::*S^^ 5 Number ±
8REET1N6S! Itekoiie to a 'spurious' edition o^
Northern Bytes. Since Nicroconputer Users Internationa)
(the group that originally published this newsletter)
appears to be de-funct (no meetings or other activity to
speak of since June), I will continue to use the nane
'Northern Bytes' until soneone objects. However, this
edition will 00 to TRS-8t user groups only, in exchan^ for
your newsletters, and to certain others (such as fomer
DPINIflN-8t and 88HJSER DI6EST subscribers). I don't plan to
do this on a regular nonthly basis, but nay issue future
editions as tine peraits.
Anyone that does not receive a copy of this
newsletter and that wants one can get a sanple copy by
sending a long self -addressed stanped envelope with 37 cents
postage affixed (you nay nake this known to your club
nenbers if you wish). Newsletter editors are free to
reprint anything in this issue, provided proper credit is
given to the source of the article.
INSWRCHOF... 8«-USER DIGEST - Sorry, but with
only 38 paid subscribers, we just can't do it. So, what
about those 38 that have already signed up? Uell, here's a
deal just for then (please pass this alono to those in your
club to whan this applies): If anyone that has already
entered a subscription to 88-^User Digest will drop a line to
The Alternate Source and specifically ask for it, they can
have a copy of ny new book 'TRS-88 RON ROUTINES OOCtMBfTED'
in place of their subscription. Since the book nornally
sells for $19.95. that's a deal! If the subscriber decides
he doesn't want tne book after he sees it, he can sell it at
one of your club neetings. probably for nore than what he
paid for his subscription. Of course, if the subscriber
really insists, he can have a refund or apply what he paid
on his subscription to any other TAS product. I apologize
for getting everyone's hopes up on the newnagazine. but
after all, you can't publish a naoazine for only tnirty
subscribers. Ue aren^'t the only ones - a new nagazine
called Peripherals, Etc. (your club nay have received a
pronotional package) ceased publication after only one issue
- I suspect they didn't get enough subscribers to nake it
worthwhile, either.
PUBLIC DOmiN SOnUARE m BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEHS
(EDITOR'S SOAPBOX RWISITED) - Don't you ever get a little
tired of hearing your ^pie-owner or Connodore-owner friends
talk about the large anount of public donain software
available through the International Apple Core or the
Toronto Pet Users Group? Don't you ever wonder why there
isn't nore 6000 public cfcnain software for the TRS-88?
Of course, it's out there, on the nany Bulletin
Board Systens run tor and by TRS-88 owners. Finding it,
though, can be worse than looking for the proverbial needle
in the haystack, if you can get to it at all!
First of all. nany BBS's have a download section
that contains naybe i%A good proorans (hopefully yours has a
higher percentage) and 9VA "tiller". By 'filler' I nean
such things as Tic-Tac-Toe ganes and word processors written
in BASIC - the sort of thing that a beginning conputer user
night find interesting, but hardly a useful progran for the
experienced user. But even that 187. nay be inpossible to
get at.
Consider this: You hear of a great BBS in sone
distant city that has a good download section, so you give
it a call. After you sign on, you sit through five ninutes
of 'local announcenents', and TIffiN are infomed that because
you don't have a password, you can't do anything on the
systen (except apply for a password, which will be NAILED to
you in a few days, and on sone systens you have to pay to
oet one). You nay well just sign off in disgust at about
that point, unless you have stock in Ha Bell.
The fact that sone of these SYSOPs originally got
their public donain software fron an 'open' board sonewhere
(one where THEY were WH hassled in like nanner) doesn't
seen to bother then a bit. So, the nunber of boards that do
NOT require a password to access grows snaller day by day,
and so does the TRS-88 user's access to public donain
software.
There are two things that I'd like to see happen to
conbat this trend. For one thing, I'd like to start a list
of TRS-88 Bulletin Board Systens that allow free access to
their download section on the FIRST call, without reouiring
a password or otherwise frustrating the caller. If you
still have such an aninal in your area, or know of any,
please drop ne a line. I'll publish the list in a future
issue. If you don't do it now, you'll forget, so please
grab a postcard and jot those nurters down!
Second - would you be willing to dunp sone GOOD
public donain software progr»s onto a disk (including
docunentation files, if any;? Would you be willing to send
that disk tone? All right, assuning that you'd be willing
to do that, would you be willing to include enouoh postage
for ne to nail the disk back to you? Uhy should you do
that? Because I would then take the best of the proorans I
receive - the 'crean of the crop" - and copy it back onto
your disk and send it back to you. Since your disk would
then be full of public donain prograns, you could use then
in your newsletter or put then on your local BBS or just
pass out ccq^ies at your neeting. In the neantine, I night
fet enough naterial to start a good public donain library of
RS-88 prograns, which could be distributed through The
Alternate Swrce or through sone other neans. You'd at
least get your disk back with sone interesting prograns cm
it!
Uhat do you think? Wouldn't you like to see nore
GOOD public donain software for the TRS-88? Or do you
really enjoy hearing about the vast anounts of
easily-accessible public donain software available to Apple
and Coonodore owners and to CP/H users, while knowing that
you can't easily get at nost of the available TRS-88
public-donain software?
On a related subject, does anyone know the
whereabouts of Eric Greene, author of the GREB4E HACHINE, a
public donain Bulletin Board Systen (that's right, as I
understand it the BBS software is in the public donain!). I
hope to have a copy of the software soon but would like to
locate the author, who seens to have dropped out of sight.
His original BB$ line has been disconnected, and even the
SYSOPs of the other GREENE r«M:HINEs around the country don't
seen to know where he is.
YouVe quite correct Fenwicfc* your
three out of four of tliis firm's Vice
progrmm could leplece
DOGUOfrATIfll FOR HOIHBASC/MS by Ln Btcktr - This
DfowM, Mkick I c«ll 'HOIHBMC/iMS', will not MtfantM
that xovr proorMMill rn proitrly on yoor MOO 4, out Mill
tt least ^t it I* a syttacticaily correct for*. It will
first go throvgb all the lines and insert spaces where they
are required by the Node I 4 BASIC. It wilt then research
the lines for any imroperly fomed "IF THB^i' statcMnts.
In the Model 4 BASIC you are allowed to write an 'IF THB<'
statenent with only the 'THB<", bit yon can't oiit the
'THBI' part of the stateaent and replace it with another
BASIC Keywwd. This proorawili siiply place a 'TIOI' in
the proper location to allow the statcaent to work.
The prngrn to be converted wst be ASCII foniat.
Use yow 'A' ccMand when saving the irogra froi BASIC. If
it is not already ie ASCII, ymi will have to reload it into
yovr BASIC and resave it with the "A" coRand.
POSSIBLE EIMRS: Two of these errors are
unstoppable. However, the last one My not be unstoppable
and if anyone has aay snggestions, please contact ae <Lee
Becker) throuoh the Cn^Siet BBS <S17) 339-3367.
1) It the person writing the program has packed the
lines to the naxiMn length, then when this program tries to
insert some spaces the line will get too long. NorMlly you
would get a BASIC error message saying that line is "TOO
UM6'. The prograi will override this error in order to
keep processing the rest of the file. A message stating
which line I is too long and that it is 'SKIPPINB^INE' is
shown. It is not totally skipping the line) butinnce the
line has bKcae too long then it ceases to bother with it.
iHowNer, mmst of the line iay be done. To solve this
nroblMi yo« would have to return to the BASIC used to create
the prooria and break the line. Or. you could break the
line in the Nodel 4 BASIC, but be careful about any line
references. They must be correct, and do not do a 'RDRI1'
of the prograi or all references to lines will probably be
wroM. The Hodel 4 BASIC does not know how to change thaa
until they are syntactically correct in structure.
_ 2) If there are any BASIC keywords that are not
used by the Hodel 4 BASIC, they will net be dealt with at
all. An eiaiple is the $ET(X,Y) comnd. The Hodel 4 does
net^aupport the SET coMMd. Dowever, I ai contaMlating
witing a MIC function that would traMlateHthc SET
ttatnents to work on the Nodel 4 as intended on other
' 3) Tlie last problai deals with the "IF THEN'
ttatawnts. This problai kind of has two parts to it.
First if there is m MF TNBI" statcaent in the fora of: IF
X<l 3^11 no "TNB(" will appear where it should. This is
because there is no BASIC kejword for the irograi to f iid
and use for location. The prggria should simply leave the
line alone and you will get a "StNTAX ERROR". Since it is a
syntax error, the prograi being executed will stop right at
that line naiber and you will have to edit it then; Second,
if there is a "IF THEN" similiar to the one above but beyond
It there is a BASIC keyword (exa^lti IF X<l X>1I:60T0 II )
you will find an error causing "THB<" just before the 6OT0
(in this case). You will have to delete the "THOi" and pit
it in it"s proper place. This is the problai that 1 dM"t
know if soaething could be done about it. If anyone has a
suggestion please let Lee Becker know through a aessage on
Coiptflet.
Once the prograi has converted all the lines it will
show yon a listing of the prograi that it has converted.
This is siaply a listing of the array that the converted
nrograa lines are ii. Do not try to run this yet. Siaply
keep pressing the ENTER key until the final pro^t for the
file's naN coaes up. Then siaply give it the n»e and di^
< drive nuaber <if you want) that you want it saved under.
The prograi will save it as an ASCII file, so when you run
it under BASIC resaw it without the "A" caaand and it will
then be recmpressed. Once the nrograi has finished saving
the converted prograi it will siaply end. To reuse, you
will have to type "RIM" again.
Please report any errors or ideas to ae (Lee Becker)
by leaving a aessage on CB^>«llet (517-339-3347). Thank you
for using ay prograi.
(Downloaoed from Caip#iet BBS, Lansing, Michigan
(517) 339-3367). i s. v-
1 '
2 '
3 '
4 "
5'
6 '
7 '
8 "
9 "
Nodel 4 BASIC syntax converter
This prograi will con'.'ert other BASIC
prograK to be syntactically correct
for the Nodel 4 BASIC.
Uritten by:
Phone no. :
Lee Becker
517-349-7614
II CLS:CLM 2IIII:0IH AI(1IN):(M ERROR SOTO 911
21 PRINTS 9Bi/yhat is the file"s naM to convert?' iPRMTS S
9l,i:LI« INPOT: »
2S PRINT CHRIdS)
31 opm ■r,i,c«
41 KOINTsl
SI IF EOF(l) TNOI 81
61 LINE INPIfTI l,AI(KO(irT)
7IK0(MTsK0(trr4]!GOT0SI
88 CLOSE 1
91 '
181 "
III CLS
121 PRINT) 42l.'There are';Ka(ffT;'total lines in the file.*:
PRINT TAB(2B)'tt will take approxiaately'i.'PRINT USINB*!!.!'
iK0(l(r«3.1/6l;:PRINT' ainute5.':PRINT 3 67I,'STARTIN6 MM'
131 FOR CNT^l TO KO(MT:Y>lsMK^l
135 M>IN5TR(ljAi(CNT),'DATA')tIF VH MO V(8 THBI AKGND-HI
0»(At(CNT).i.V43)4' '4NIDI(A»(CNr),VM):60rO 3M
141 2sINSTft(2/»(OfT),"'):IF 2)1 A« Z<8 THOI 311
151 IF M THBI 2»SII aSE T-INSTR(Z,AI(CNT),CHRI(34)):IF T<
)l Tie* M:60T0 141
161 I^INSTR(U,AKCNT) ,'Rei') :IF U>l MD U(B THBI 311
171 IF IM THM t^SII aSE T=INSTR(U,A$(CNT),CHR$(34)}:IF T(
>l THB4 l^TiSOrO 161
IfllF0RC0T>lT0 47:»cliRB»ei
191 IF 801 THEN 0>INSTR(8,Af(CNT),CHRI(34))
2N }(>INSTR(Y,Af(CNT),BI)
211 IF X)Z OR Z)U THEN 291
221 IF 0<)l Att X>0 THm 541
231 IF XOI THBI IF BIO'THBI' MD BIO'ELSE' AND BIOIO* A^
M) BIO'OR' mO Bl<>'#»' AND BIO'STEr THBI 251
248 IF XOI TNBi EMUDKAKOfT) J(-2,2}:FMUDI(A«<Ofr)J(-3.
3):1F ElO'iF' AND EIO* F' tfO EIO' r AND ElO'tR* AND El
O'SO* AND FIO'RES' MD FfO'ERR* AND mDI(AI(CNT)p(-4,4)<>
'REST* THBI GOSUB 64I:60T0 198
251 IF }M THO* 298 ELSE IF BI**AND' OR B**'OR« OR B^'TO'
OR BI«'STEP' THS1 Y^XfLBKBI) :60T0 211
268 IFNID»(AI(CNT).X-1,1)>' * OR NIDt<AI(CNT),X-l,l>>'t' TH
Bl 60StB 61l!60rO IM
271 IF HIM(A»(CNT),X-1,1)««L* AND REPRINT' THB« Yi«HBKB
«):fiOTO 211
288 60SUB 648i8aT0 198
298¥»l!HEXTC0T
381 PRINT) 827,*Linc';CNT;'is now done.'tRE5T0REMG(T CNT
318 '
328 "
338 aSiPRINTa 418.'I ai now changing all IF THBI statcaents
■:PRINn678,'STAfftlNBN8U'
348 FOR CNT«1 TO KOIKT{}t>l iF>l
358 )^1NSTR(X,AKCNT),'IF'):IF X-8 TNB4 438 ELSE IF FOB THE
368 Y^INSTR(Xitl(CNT).*TIBI*)tlF ¥4 TMB« 398
378 2«lNSnKXf2,Ai(CNb,'lF')!lF Y<2 THBI X-Z:60T0 368
388 IF Vk THBI 438
398 »'999:ReST0RE 888tF0R 9^1 TO 35tflnD Bl
411 V'iNSTR(X42,A8(GNT).B8)!lF V(U AND V>X THBI IHf
411 NEXT S:IF 1^999 THEN 438
428 A»(CNT)-MID$(A»(CNr),l,U-l)«'THBI ■4NIDI(AI(CNT),U)0»>X«
2:60T0 TSk
438 PRIMW 824.'Line'|CHTi'is finished now.'tfiXT CNT ^
448 SOIMD 8.8:kUND 7!l)SmM I.BzaStC-ltFOR S^IJO^MMMT 8
TEP lIsFOR ^\ TO 18:mNT At<E}:BiE4l:NEXT UtPRINTiINPUT'Hi
t BITER for rest of list';U:PRINTd<EXT X
458 "
468 "
478 CLS:PRINT CHRI(14):PR]NTa 41l.'lniut f ile"s naw and d
ve to save converted file under' :PRINTa 5I7,;:LINE INPIH O
488 OPBi '0* 1 CI
498 FOR X^l -|o'kO(IIT:PRINTI 1,AKX)MEXT X
^ Sll CLOSE 1
518 B0
521 '
S3fl '
541 l»»INSTR(Q4l,M<CNT),CHft$(34)):IF ft=e THEN GOTO 291
SSI IF X<e THBtl 1N1:0=INSTR(Q41,M<CNT).CHR»(34)):6OTO 191
566 »»INSTR((Hl,M(CNT),CHR$(34))!lF Q=< THEN 231
571 IF X>Q THB< 541
588 GOTO 231
598 '
681 '
618 «(l2(T)=MI0f(A»<CNT),l,X-HLe«B$))f •♦HIW(Af(CNT),X4L
B«B$}):Y=X«LQI(»):RETUllN
628 '
638 '
648 A$(CNT)^Ii)i(A$(GNT),l,X-l)«' ■4NI0$(A»<CNr),X,LEN(B$))f
• •♦HI0f<A$(CNT),X*LBI<8i))!Yi=X*LB<(B$)+l:RETURN
658 '
668 '
678 F=INSTR<F,M(CNT),CHR«(34)):IF F}X OR M THB4 368
688 &'INSTR(Ftl,AI<CNr),CHR$(34)):IF Q^ OR &'LGN<A$<(1(T)) T
Hm438
698 IF6<XTHB4FNi*l:6OT0 678
788 X=6!60T0 358
718 '
728 '
738 '
748 '
758 B»
768 DATA THB4,ELSE,T0,F0R,0R,AND,PfiINT,3,8,6OTO,6OSU8,NEXr,S
TEP,IF.DIH ' •
778 DATA INPt;T,LET,aN,READ,USIN6,CLB^R,0ATA,DEFDBL,DEFIKr,0E
FSN6.RETURN '
788 DATA ERR0R,6ET,LSET,RSET,NER6E,FIELD,0PEN,P0KE,REST0RE,S
HBP VftRPTR » » » » » » » I I
79e'DATAUKILE.CAU.,CHAIN.C(N1(M.LINE,LPRINT.NER6E,0irr,EIMSE
888 DATA ELSE.raiNT,60rO,60SUB,FOR,IF DIH,INraT,LET,GN RBU),
CLEAR.DATA.ERASE i » i . , , , ,
818 DATA NDn.ERR0R,6ET,LSET,RSET,HER6E,FIELD,0PB1,P0KE,REST
(HiE SIMP Wy^R ' > > > > III
828'0ATA'RETUIW,CLS.CAU.,CHAIN,C»t«N,LINE,LPRINT,HERGE,0UT
988 IF ER»=15 THEN PRINT CHR»( 16) nPRINT J 1221. 'Line' CMT!
'is too lono. SKIPPIN6 IT 's.'PRIilr CHR»(17}i:RES(f1E NEXT
985 IF ERi^^ im RESiflE 298
918 ERROR ERR
PRINTER PROBLEH SOLVER - This is ^or anyone that has
ever wanted to feed sinole sheets of paper through a
printer, especially one that has a tractor feed nechaniss
only (no fricton feed). It's called the Paper Tractor and
sells for $11.95, and carries your single sheets through
your printer. It can be used with any adjustable
tractor-feed printer (or even one with non-adjustable
tractors if the printer handles standard 9-1/2' wide forns).
It is nade of heavy gauge plastic and holds letter or legal
size paper, or any 8-1/2' wide form (sane checks and invoice
forms, etc.). Even if your printer has friction feed, this
product would be useful in assuring that the fom is
straight within the printer. Note that it'snainly intended
for use with one fom at a tine, so it wouldn't be useful
for production runs, but for occasional printouts on your
letterhead, individual checkwritino, etc., this nay be just
what you need. For info write The Paper Tractor, Ckie ScNith
Fairview, Goleta, California 93117.
MODEL 4 'KBNOD/ASN' PR06RAH by Jack Decker - The
conents in this progran pretty well explain its purpose, so
I won't bore you with further details here. I will say that
the progran could be adapted to work on the Nottel I or III,
but since those nodels do not have the control key, it would
be nore difficult to nake this progran work properly without
lousing up the function of any of the other keys. Anyway,
here 'tis; ^^
I!!?! »?**"fr*'2"5 control -arrow key keytoard enlancenehi
88118 ifor the Node! 4 (for use in the Model III node)
88128
81138 ;Progran written by:
88148
88158 ; Jack Decker
18168 ! 1884 West 18th Street Lot I 155
8fl78 ; Sault Ste. Harie, Michigan 49783
1(188 : (986) 632-3248
88198
88288
88218
88228
88238
88248
88258
88268
88278
88286
88298
88388
88318
88328
88338
88348
88358
88368
88378
88388
88398
88488
88418
88428
88438
88448
88458
18468
88478
88488
88498
88588
88518
88528
88538
88S48
88558
88S68
88578
18588
81598
88688
88618
18628
88638
88648
88658
88668
88678
88688
88698
88788
88718
88728
88738
88748
88758
88768
18778
88788
88798
88818
81828
88838
81848
88858
88868
18878
88888
81898
88988
88918
88928
88938
88948
88958
81968
88978
88988
88998
;Copyright 1983 by Jack Decker
;Pemission is granted to freely use and distribute this
;progran for non-comerciai purposes only, provided that
{these credit lines are left intact. If you like this
SProgran, you nay want to consider obtaining the full
;24 X 88 video (b'iver package for use with the Model III
jnode of the TRS-88 Model 4. Now you can run nany of
{your Model III prograns without conversion, and still
;enjoy the benefits of the 24 X 88 screen display. The
;progran also copies the BASIC ROM into WH and then
{patches it so that functions such as PRINT 3, TABs.
;SET/RESET/POINT, the screen print routine, etc. will
{work prtqierly with the 24 X 88 display. Fully
{conented Editor-Asscnbler source code is included on
{the disk.' For further infomation regarding the 24 X 88
{Video driver package, please cmtact:
{ The Alternate Source
{ 784 North Pennsylvania ftaenue
{ Lansing, Michigan 48986
{ (517) 482-8278
{USE OF THIS PR06i»H: This progran is fully
{self-relocating. To initialize, fron DOS KfiSil type:
{ KGHOD or KBMOD F
{The second fom (with the 'F' argunent) kicks in the
{fast clock speed of the Mod 4. The progran will
{relocate and initialize itself. Thereafter, you nay
{use the CTRL key along with any of the four arrow keys
{to nove the cursor anywhere on the video display,
{Without erasing the characters passed over by the
{cursor. If you hold down the CTIH.. SHIFT, and ri^t
{arrow keys at the sane tine, the character at the
{current cursor position will be returned to the calling
{routine, as if it had been entered fron the keyboard.
{This allows you to enter without re-typing anything
{on the video display. For exanple, after you have
{displayed a disk directory, you can run the cursor over
{any/CND filenane using the CTRL/SHI FT/ri^t arrow, and
{the DOS will think you typed in that filenaie and will
{proceed to run the prolan! This routine has MANY uses,
{SO experinent with it. You nay find it convenient to
{use an AUTO connand to autonatically run this progran
{each tine you boot your systen.
{UARNINGS: There are two things that can happen with
{this rmitine in use that night cause you sone concern.
{The first is that if you use the CTfn.-arraw function to
{pass the cursor over a zero byte on the display, it will
{turn off the cursor! The first tine this happens, you
{nay think that sonething terrible has happened, but
{pressing BREAK or ENTER will usually bring back your
{cursor. The problen is with the video driver, but you
{Will find that under nomal craditims, there will NB^
{be a zero byte on the screen, since the video dtivtf
{won't put one there. However, a zero byte can be POKEd
{to the screen, but that isn't done very often. Another
{warning is that if you use the CTRL/SHI FT/ri^t arrow
{keys to input characters fron the screen, and you pass
{over a graphics character in the range 8C8H - 8FFH; the
{space conpression/special characters flag will
{autonatically be set to special characters, to avoid
{printing unwanted tabs. Sinilarly, the CTRL/SHIR/right
{arrow routine will not pass over or input a character in
{the IBH - IFH range, since it would be interpreted as
{a control character by the calling routine, with
{unpredictable results.
{This routin e depends on the calling routine to echo the
{character. Therefore, it cannot be used with INKEY type
{routines that do not echo characters to the video
{display.
{If you write regarding this progran, please be sure to
{enclose a self-ad(fe>essed, stanped envelope (U.S. or
{Canadian postage O.K.) if you wish a reply. No replies
{Will be sent within Canada or the U.S.A. unless the SASE
{is included with your correspondence.
(SMS. as> CD OD CD <a» <■>
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REPLCE 783F STRHBI
*•*••* Feature ******
* •
* The Trials, Horrors, and *
* Somewhat Guarded Feelings *
* of Glee Gotten From Trying *
* to Back Up Super Utility Plus *
* *
* by Mark Gladstone, 320-5383 *
* •
(Reprinted froi the TCUG Newsletter)
A large brouhaha started when
some fellow had the audacity to
write in to 80 Micro complaining
that the proliferation of protected
diskettes had reached its apex - or
nadir - with Super Utility Plus.
Here we have a program that can -
among many other important util-
ities - back up many "protected"
programs. This program was PRO-
TECTED! This fellow felt that such
was hypocrisy, and offered to pro-
vide a method to back up SU+ in the
event that Kim Watt met his some-
what-deserved demise. That 80 Micro
refused to print his name really
frosted my liver, and thus began my
tilting at windmills. However, I
have experienced some success
with a great deal of help from my
friends - and a measure of frus-
tration that I would like to share
with you.
There has been much written
concerning the backup of SU+, and
few panaceas. There is even a
software house that will sell you a
program to back up SU-f, but there
are a few (not so many that you
72IB ERR 7836 ERROR 78D8
7812 INTL2E 7888 HS6 78D3
78C8 PD 788C PDVR 78EA
787F REL03 7887 REL04 7899
78AC REL08 78B9 REL09 78BC
7839 TABLE 7853
should notice) catches. What I
write here is the result of a union
pf many ideas from many unsung
sources, and several levels of re-
finement. It is not a panacea in
itself, and is presented mainly to
deal with what I consider a great
hypocrisy in "protecting" SU^ from
dissemination to other than honest
owners, and not to violate the le-
gitimate rights of authors to their
due return.
The problems involved in backing
up SU-^ fall into several cate-
gories. The first problem is find-
ing the most appropriate format.
The most logical and useful one
might be a command file of a load-
able program, tailored to your DOS,
that RESIDES on your DOS. Then you
can copy it, move it, or destroy it
to your heart's content. The second
problem results from the program
being DOS-independent, having its
own use of lower RAM in the 4000H-
5500H range that is in conflict
with every DOS. It must be moved
somewhere before dumping to the DOS
and restored after load time. But
where? In addition, once it is re-
stored, what is the program's real
entry point? To where is program
control transferred in order to
begin execution of SU+? And what
about the idiosyncracies of the
different DOSes?
The March/April 1983 issue of
the TCUG Newsletter contained a
reprint of "an article by Roger
Whitehead of the Central Alabama
Microcomputer Society on how to
make SU-*^ into a CMD file. His
technique uses NEWDOS/80 2.0 to
dump from 5200H. What about DOSPLUS
people, who can't dump below 5700H?
Or TRSDOS people, who can't- dump
below 6000H? Or Gobbledy-DOS people
who can't dump whatever? Unfor-
tunately, there is no common tech-
nique that will satisfy the re-
quirements of all DOSes, for those
and other reasons. In addition, you
will notice that his procedure
transfers control to the memory
mode, rather than to the master
menu. To further complicate the
matter, versions for the Model I
and Model III have different entry
points and different buffer areas.
The problem of the entry point
is easiest to deal with. Your man-
ual tells you how to obtain routine
addresses for your version and mo-
del. The address for the master
menu is referenced symbolically by
MENU. This entry point is docu-
mented at 4905H for the Model I and
4963H for the Model III in Version
2.2z. Entering a jump to this rou-
tine before the master menu is
presented IMMEDIATELY BEFORE DUMP-
ING will transfer control to the
master menu when the program ,18
called from your DOS. I have not
found the entry point for the
flashing screen immediately before
the master menu on boot-up, but it
can be found by the entry point
list. Powersoft was not helpful in
that area, but they did divulge
that Version 3.0 uses the same MENU
symbol for the master menu.
The problem of where to move
lower memory is a complicated one.
On the surface, there is free area
above the buffer areas GATBUFF,
BUFFER, and FBUFF. The example
given in the TCUG Newsletter uses
E400H as a buffer to hold the low-
RAM information, and the smell
program to move the low-RAM infor-
mation back at execution time* Thet
location is well above those three
buffer areas mentioned above, so we
are golden when we move the lower-
RAM information to E400H, right?
WRONG! If you have a 2.2(P) version
of SU+, it will probably bomb after
loading when using E400H as a
holding buffer. The (P) versions of
SU> contain patches, and my guess
is that the E400H area interferes
with some of the patches. If you
are using Version 2.2z Release 21,
you should not have any trouble
using E400H. I was able to get the
patched version I was testing to
run using E500H as the buffer area
on the Model III, but I could npt
get that same buffer area of E500H
to work on the Model I with the i.2
(P) version I was testing. In any
event, E500H will work as a buffer
area for both 2.2z and 2.2z (P) on
the Model III; if you have a Model
I and 2.2z Release 21, E300H should
work for you. Don't forget to
<SHIFT-BREAK> to the master menu
immediately before booting in your
DOS.
The next issue is how much to
move, now that we have decided (?)
where to move it. How much you need
to move is a function of the lowest
address to which your DOS will al-
low a dump. Here lieth the rub! For
example, TRSDOS 1.3 will not allow
a dump below 6000H. Simple arith-
metic will show that there Is not
enough buffer to hold 2000H bytes.
A partial solution is to patch the
following to a copy of TRSDOS 1.3
to be used for dumping only, and
copy the resulting command file to
another copy:
PATCH *6 (ADD-5798,FIND-FF5F,
CHG-0000)
I don't know how far down you can
dump with this patch - probably not
enough - but you TRSDOS 1.3 people
can give it a whirl* If it's not
low enough, you can try two or more
dumps, breaking the moved area into
several pieces, and use the SU*
sectors-to-memory and oemory-to-
sectors to merge the results. You
need to change the load addresses
on the disk, which is beyond the
scope of this discussion. Frankly,
this is a hard way to do it, but it
can be done. If you have NEWDOS/80
Version 2.0, you should have suc-
cess with Roger Whitehead's tech-
nique, remembering to change the
last two bytes of his patch to the
appropriate MENU entry point and to
<SHIFT-BREAK> to the master menu
immediately before booting NEWDOS.
I have successfully used E400H as a
buffer with DOSPLUS 3.4 and SU-»-
2.2z Release 21 on the Model III,
moving 4000H-56FFH to the buffer
and dumping from 5700H to FBllH
(includes the patch to move the
1700H bytes back to lower RAM),
using FBOOH as the transfer ad-
dress.
In the interest of uniformity, I
will present the following LDOS
modifications to the prodecure in
the TCUG Newsletter that I have
El 1 1 iCEUi II II I iriLutJ 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(This is the article frai the
Harch/April TCUG Newsletter that was
re-ferenced in the above article):
* * ft -k it * Feature ******
* *
* Super Utility •»• *
As a Command File
*
* *
* by Roger Whitehead *
* (Reprinted from READY, the *
* newsletter of the Central *
* Alabama Microcomputer Society) *
* *
******************
used to dump both 2.2z (P) and 2.22
Release 21 to a command file using
the Model III. If you have a Model
I and Release 21 this should work,
although I haven't tried.' it. How-
ever, if you have access to LDOS
and a Model III, the procedure is
proven, and you can use the re-
sulting SU+ to transfer the command
file to your DOS afterward. As a
modification to the procedure in
the Newsletter, you do not need to
hard-configure SU-»- according to
your desires; a soft-configure will
work equally as well. That is how
you can dump to LDOS, configured to
(for example) DOSPLUS, and end up
with a DOSPLUS-conf igured version
on DOSPLUS itself. Warning: the
NEWDOS procedure in the Newsletter
as modified by my suggestions may
cause a problem when transferred to
DOSPLUS due to the low-RAM dump,
but the LDOS procedure will not-.
Also, please note that Model I goes
to Model I and Model III goes to
Model III, and never the twain
(speech impediment?) shall meet.
First, your LDOS must be free of
upper memory filters, etc., and
have sufficient space. You will
never get into trouble using a
first-generation backup of a pris-
tine copy. Then, boot in your SU+
and soft-configure it to your de-
sires on your target DOS. Enter the
MEMORY MOVE option and enter the
following:
4000H,56FFH,E500H
In the DISPLAY MEMORY option, enter
the Modify mode and enter the fol-
lowing starting at FCOOH:
F3 21 00 E5 11 00 40 01 00
17 ED BO 31 20 FC C3 yy xx
where xx yy represents the appro-
priate MENU entry point for your
model and version. Note the minor
addition to the Newsletter pro-
cedure to set the stack pointer to
FC20H, well above the patch and
buffers.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■
The following will show you how
to get Super Utility +, Version
2.2, on a disk as a CMD file.
First, hard-configure SU+ according
to your desires. Then, with SU+
active, go to the SELECT MEMORY
UTILITY and choose the MEMORY MOVE
option. In response to the prompt,
enter '•4000H,51FFH,E400H." Press
the BREAK key and select the DIS-
PLAY MEMORY option, responding with
F600H to the prompt. Press "M" to
enter the Modify mode, and enter
the following hex codes if you have
a Model I:
F3 21 00 E4 11 00 40 01 00 12 ED BO
C3 OF 4C
Once you have entered the above
hex code, immediately <SHIFT-BREAK>
to the master menu and, without
disturbing anything, boot LDOS,
enter a date, and dump memory to
the LDOS disk with the following:
DUMP SUPL22/CMD (START-X'5700' ,
END-X'FCir ,TRA«X*FCOO')
If you then need to transfer the
program to another DOS, enter
SUPL22, soft-configure to the tar-
get DOS on the target disk drive,
insert your target diskette, and
copy away!
There is another option to the
above madness. Kim Watt, responding
to the brouhaha with the generosity
of his own little black heart, has
offered a procedure himself to back
up your very own SU* to a command
file. All you needed to do was to
send in a self-addressed business
envelope stamped with two stamps
and a note containing the serial
number of your SU* to Powersoft,
and you would receive a Kim Watt
Special. I tried this, just for
chuckles.
Kim Watt's procedure involves an
extensive zap to the master disk-
ette. After the zap is applied and
the diskette re-booted, the program
will stop with the message "Boot
Your DOS." At that point, you boot
your DOS and dump as instructed.
However, the dump instruction given
is for LDOS; it will NOT work with
DOSPLUS or TRSDOS! I was able to
apply this procedure to LDOS. After
then calling in the SU+ program
from the LDOS disk, I tried it out.
The resulting command file seemed
to work until I tried a backup. I
was trying to do a standard backup
of a data diskette. When SU+ re-
sponded with the "Disk contains
data - use anyway" prompt, I re-
plied "Y". The program then went
absolutely bananas, made a mess of
the screen, and then caused a
re-boot. So CAVEAT PROGRAMMER!
ililiilliiliiiiiiiiiiillilillllllllll
If you have a Model III, the
last three hex codes should be C3
6C 4C.
Without disturbing anything,
remove the SU> disk and insert a
NEWDOS/80 Version 2.0 system disk
and push Reset. Then dump memory to
a data disk with at least 34 grans
of free space using the command:
DUMP,SUPL22/CMD,5200H,F610H,F600H
This will save SU+ to disk as the
command file SUPL22/CMD.
When activated, SU-*- will come up
in the memory mode, but pressing
the BREAK key will get you back to
the main menu.
JUMP TO eSIIH TO REBOOT? Ah, but if you have a
Model I Mith a double density board, you'll find that you
don't get reset to sinole density. Try using a HALT
instruction instead - in the TRS-88, this causes a Nfll (Non
Maskable Interrupt), Mhicb is the sane thinQ that happens
when you push the RESET button. So, in the TRS-8i a HALT
instruction is the software equivalent of pushing RESET!
This info is excerpted from a letter by Olenn l. Bennett oi
the Cabrillo Conputer Club, which appeared in the Vfoice of
the '88 Newsletter.
COLOR COHPUTER AND MODEL I/lII COHWTIBILITY by
Clayton Tavernier (NYBBLERS SOFIIMRE CMIRNAN) is reprinted
fron NYBBLER:
Uhile the 'Coconuts*, the new Color Computer
Comittee. were neeting for the first tine, there were a few
of us who Mere playing with the Model III that someone had
thoughtfully brought. Qelli one thing led to another and
someone suggested that we try and read one of the CoCo disks
in the Model III. After a little piddleing with the PDRIUE
\we were using NEUD0S/8fl), the following setup was arrived
at:
P0RIVE8,l,TI=^,T»=E,TC=4«,SPT=18,TSR=3,6PL=6,D0SL=17,D0a«
To read a CoCo disk in a Model I chanoe TI^MI to
TI=C. Now if you want to copy one CoCo disk to another
(still using NEyOOS/SS), try:
C0PY,§=35,l=35,,NFMT,BDU,SP»*^x,DPDr#=x
with X being the PDRIVE number of the above setup. Now this
copy only works if both disks are formatted. I believe we
tried to format a CoCo disk but weren't able to make it
readable to the Color Computer (heavy sigh!). Anyway,
experiment and have fun and our thanks to Maury Ooff (the
Coconuts chairman) for tolerating us in such a nice manner.
(EDITOR'S NOTE: For those of you that don't have
NEUDOS/Se, an item in the OEMS newsletter states that
Computer %ack. 1481 Eason, Pontiac, Michigan 48854 has a
program called Clll that permits you to copy on your Model I
or III to or from a Color Cixiputer disk. The price is
♦24.85)
. .. M^^;M I^f'SI MODEL I - The circuit below is
from the TBlflJ (TRS-88 Baltimore Users Group) newsletter. It
provides the ability to use four *ive5, up to three of
which may be double sided, on the Moitel I. Radio Shack cut
a corner and used the side select line for drive 3
originally, thus, software that supports double sided drives
can only access three drives total (drives 8, 1, and 2).
The circuit below allows a single sided drive to be used as
drive three, even though double sided drives are used
elsewhere in the system.
The looic behind this is that if any of drives 8, 1,
or 2 are selected, then the drive 3 line is considered to be
the side select line. However, if the drive 3 line is
selected while none of the other drives are also selected,
then it is assumed that we really do want drive three.
As is the case in any Model I system using double
sided drives, the stock Radio Shack drive cable cannot be
used, since it has contacts within the drive connectors
removed (in a pinch, you can use a Shack cable by simoly
turning ALL of the connectors over, includino the one at the
Expansion Interface and all of the ones at the drives).
However, m the connector used for drive three, substituti
the output of pin 4 of the 74LS82 (see the diagram) for the
wire that normally connects to pin 18 of the connector. All
of the other connectors are wired normally.
No warranties are given on this project - the
principle is what is being expressed, this is not a
constructicm article. However, it is presently running on
Jerry Slacks' BBS, according to the TBUG article. Now you
can put one of your old single-sided drives back to work!
NOTE: IN is from the Expansion Interface (disk cable
connector pin numbers shown). OUT is to pin 18 of the drive
3 disk cable connector. Do NOT extend pin 18 from the
Expansion Interface throu^ to A'ive 3, use the output from
this circuit instead. Also, I believe that c^ive three will
have to be internally configured as drive zero with the
circuit shown below, although I could be wrong about that.
UP6RADE YOUR COLOR COMPUTER - This information is
from the Silicon Valley Color Computer Club Newsletter:
For those of you with TRS-8B Color Computers, the
following parts, available from the National Parts Division
(817) 878-5662 comprise the RS disk interface and will allow
you to add your own drives:
AX-98M
interface board
♦H7.77
ART-3878
shield
1.88
A2-6839
plastic cover
two drive cable
2.43
m-2769
18.34
Manuals can be ordered as well:
MS-268-3822 Disk drive service «7.35
MT-268-3822 Disk interface service 1.49
And you can even order a TDP-188 case if you like white
better than the Shack 6rey:
AZ-6858 top case (fits all) $11.77
AZ-6859 bottom case 8.58
(bottom case fits only Rev. NC - alais A, F, or ET)
32 >
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1HE
MTERNKTE
URGE
Presents:
More Fine Products for your TRS-80!
M£ -• ZM atSimMcr ami fM screen edito r. A nK)$f unique asscmMe^
for tlic TRS-MM M£ includes support for most POPUiar EDTASM
fiiefypes you are liicely to encounter. Dozens of unique capabNities not
found in oilier assembiers* plus most "standard" commands. ALE
supports source flies lonier than memory. Vou can atoo Generate
edifaMe fliea co tnalnin i botfi source and object code, perfect for
maiailne arllcics and documented source listimts. ALE is oniy $49.95
compteti iMh a ISO paie manual.
UI0eO4 is a sPtdai screen driver for the l4odei 4 that enables you to
I Model M piMrams (and 6lsk operalinc systems) wbHe
of llie superior features of the Model 4. UIDE04
; Ibe Model M ROM into RAM and includes patches to several
''buer mat have alpped into the ROM. An optionaifeature enables the
Model4 h Mi speed m o d i f ication. Complete source code is provided on
the master disk to assist you with writing your omm custom screen
driver. Note UI0eO4wil not work with programs that do not honor the
standard video device control block, such as Scrlpsit and UsiCalc.
LimilodcompalMMy wHb LOOS and Newdos/80: most compatMe with
TR8D0S I J.OoePkisandMultiDos.UIDE04is$24.9S.tociudedFREE
with unE04isakeyboard modification that addsscreeneditmesimiiar
10 certain 6502 macblnesi
TRS« ROM Routines Documented. Jack Decker has spent years
coledtai and fludMni various versions of the TR&80 ROMs that have
appeared m various machines, including the TRZ-80. the SystemSO.
ttM PMC-ao and the SCUEN known versions of the Radk> Shack ROM.
TMs book is NOT a disassembiy. Jack goes beyond one-ihie comments
and Am you the "ble Pkmire'. He shows you the background and the
whys and wherefores of the ROM subroutines. He offers nps and
sueaesMons. and he warns you of the Pitfalls that can drtve you bonkers
when you use a subroutine knowlni only enouiA to be danaerous. TRS-
80 ROM Routines Documented Is S 1 9.95.
EDX - a full screen editor for your TRS-BO. EDX ProvMes fuH-screen
editkia capabilities PrevkMisb^ unavailable on the TRS-SO. Get to any
portion of your text qukkb^. Support Is ProvMed for BIG files.
EspedaRy helpful for Preparing files for downtoadina and uPloadina
when usintf your modem (many word processors use long lines that
cause host systems to hani). EDX can learn your editing keystrokes to
make many borina Jobs easy. Dozens of excellent f eaturesi Best of all.
the price: Onb^ $29.95. Model I and III: $39.95 for Model 4.
! These fine products are only Tsatiipie o^^
many procrams we provide espedaiiy for !
your Modei 1. Ill and 4. Unless you request f
otherwise* we will take the liberty of addintf I
your name to our maiiinfi list so you will learn '
of new products as they are available. We
accept Uisa« Master Card. COO and written
P.O/s from most major schools and
sovemment organizations. We also provide
I service for your TRS-80. Call for details. If
I coupon is missintf. mail to: TAS, 704 N.
I Pennsylvania Avenue. Lansinsu Ml 48906.
fj^hone: (517) 482-8270.
The Altemate Forth - A superior and full implemenfaflon of FU Forffi
for the TRS-80 that Includes all standard words throueh Forth 79.
TASForth includes editors* an assembler, a decompiler, a PDRIVE
utility (Mod III only), virtual memory and real time clock support, a
FORTflDOS operating system that enables you to use famllar DOS
commands for manipulatinn your FORTH diskettes and much more. A
fantastic buy at $79.95!
11
Basic Disk I/O Faster and Better - from IJG. Uotaane N (c
intended to be two separate volumes!) from Lewis Rosenf elder. I
of BASIC FASTER and BETTER. This vohime includes over 400 1
of important information for both beainning and
programmers. Indudina file searching, indexing an
Random file techinques have never been made sfenpler. Many sample
demonstratton Programs are inchided. $29.95.
How To Do It On The TRS-80. This new book from UG and Bll Barden
(the TRS-80 author that was providing us valuable InfdrmafhNi wlien
hardly anyone knew anything!) is the ideal reference guide for
miscellaneous TRS-80 information. How To Do It On The TRS40
presents a unique approach to organizing TRS-80 hrformaflon. First
the book has no page numbers. Second, it does have a J2-Mie Index
and cross-references to that index Printed as thumb-labe on
appropriate Pages. This system altows you to qukkb find liie
information you need. Nothing is worse than a programming proiect
where you can't find the information you need. Some of the hundreds
of subjects (chosen at random):
/JCL what is it?
ASai files, what they are
Assembly language Printer driver (I and III)
BASIC, error trapping
Chandng attributes of a disk file
Control codes
DEF FN. BASIC command
Delimiters, sequential disk files
There is also Information for part-time hardware backers such as
''How to remove IC chips", "How to soMer. etc DeacriMng every
routine in How To Do It On The TRS^wouM be either several Pages
or a real strain on youreyesIHowToDoltOnTheTRS-SOsiiouldbeon
every beginner's and every reference book shelf. Spedal InfdrmafkNi
is also included for the COCO and Model 100.
iiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiij
Z Please send the f olk)wing Items:
To:
Address:
I Total enclosed: $
Z Send coupon to: The Alternate Source. 704 North
Z Lansini. NiditaEan. 48906. Pfione orders: (5 1 7) 4824270. fIttM add IS 10
your total order tor sMpPintf and handOne.
TiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiC
A WRE OPPORTUNITY!
Many iolks have requested back issues of The Alternate
Source Prograniier^s Journal, but m have been sold out of nany of
the back issues for quite sone tine - aliost. Uhat we do have
left IS twenty-five complete sets of The Alternate Source.
That's right, complete sets - all eighteen issues of TAS! We
will sell one set of issues one throu^ eighteen for $49. ?S plus
$3.88 shipping and handling. This is once in a lifetime chance
to own what are already collectors items. Read the early
articles of such notables as Dennis Kitsz. Roger Fuller, and
Jesse Bob Overholt. If you belong to a TRS-88 user group, be
sure to let your club librarian know about this deal. And nurry,
because these twenty-five sets are all we have. Honest f To
reserve your set, telephone TAS at (517) 482-8278 today!
Hm PRODUCTS FROH HODULAR SOFTUARE ASSOCIATES
It had to happen - someone had to come out with programs
that serve the same purpose as Prosoft's "Faster" and "Trasmian"
programs, but at a lower price, ftodular Software Associates (the
company that brought you NEUBASIC 2.8) has met the challenge with
two new products now available at TAS.
THE ANALYST 'analyzes' your BASIC program as it executes.
It tells you how many times each variable was referenced, ftace
you have that information, you can add a simple DIH statement so
that the most-frequently-used variables will be located at the
beginnino of BASIC^s variable lookup table. The instruction
manual tells you how to do this, and just adding this one
statement will generally speed up program execution by anywhere
from fifteen to fifty percent.
In addition, THE ANALYST can tell you which lines in your
program are executed most frequently, and you can then concentate
your efforts to improve program execution speed on those lines.
The manual offers several hints for speeding up the execution of
frequently-used lines.
The features of TK ANALYST can be controlled from the
keyboard or from within your pro-am, so that you can selectively
analyze a portion of the program. There is even a function to
display ail line numbers that have CLEAR, DEFxxx. or DIH
statements, to aid you in placing the new DIH statement within a
complex program. You use THE ANALYST to speed up almost any
BASiC program, even if you're not the author of the progrw.
The other new Hodular Software product is called THE
COLLECTOR, It is an improved 'garbage collector', replacing>^
string compression routine of BASIC. In case you're not air
aware of it, any program that uses string variables te«...d
'garbage' strings behind each time a string variable is assioned
a new value. Periodically, these garbage strings must be
"cleaned up" to make room in memory fcr more strings. When the
ROH does it. it may take up to several HINUTES, during which the
computer will appear to be 'dead' (even the BREAK key won't
work). The problem is especially acute with programs that use
string search or string sorting routines that are written in
BASIC.
Use of THE COLLECTOR can result in performance
improvements in excess of 9Si in programs that use many strings.
For example, in a program that used 2,888 strings, the ftOH
garbage collection took 713.3 seconds to do its job. IHE
COLLECTOR reduced the time required to 7.8 seconds - that's 91.4
times faster!
THE COLLECTOR uses only 4y8 bytes of memory (compared to
578 for 'Trasbman'), plus an additional two bytes for each active
let the ROH routine take
string. If THE COLLECTOR runs out of memory, it will
automatically deactivate itself and
over, so that your program won't crash.
Both THE ANALYST and THE COLLECTOR are supplied on
standard 35-track. single density (Unprotected) data diskettes,
and will run on the TRS-88 Hodels I, III, and 4 (in the Hodel III
mode). Both programs are normally self -re locating, but the user
has the ability to specify where in memory the programs are to
load, so they can be used right along with almost any other
machine-language program. The price is the same for both
programs - only $24.95 each (compare with 'Faster" at $29.95 and
^Trashman' at $39.95).
Use the coupon m the reverse side of this paoe to order,
or write or phone The Alternate Source, 784 North Pennsylvania
Avenue, Lansing, Hichigan 4898i (telephone (517) 482-8278).
Address Correspondence and Newsletter Exchanges To:
NORTHERN BYTES
c/0 Jack Decker
1804 West 1 8th Street
Lot #155
Sault Ste. Marie. Michigan 49783
Postmasten If undeiiverable. Please return to:
The Alternate Source. 704 North Pennsylvania Avenue. Lansinfi. Ml. 48906
TO: