May/ June 1979
Volume 6, Number 3
Interactive Computing
The Newsletter of the Association of Computer Users
Announcing
the rebirth of our
association...
and also in this issue—
• The Impact of New Technology on Small Business Computers
• How Users Influence the Computer Services Industry
Enclosed For Members Who Subscribe Enclosed For All Members:
to the Interactive Computing Directories:
1. ACU Articles of Incorporation
II. Interactive Data-Base Systems and By-Laws
VI. Management Sciences Programs
XIII. Video Display Terminals
2. Press Review
Announcing the Rebirth of Our Association...
Editorial
Although we have no special crystal ball available to us, we cannot help but see continued growth and
change in store for the computing industry and those involved in it. The pace of technological advancement
and programming sophistication which has brought such breathtaking changes during the ’70s shows no
sign of slowing down as we move into the next decade. Desktop computers, word processors, and satellite
communications services, to name just a few areas of the industry, will be making significant advances
during the next ten years. Hand held language translation machines are already on the market. And it
seems likely that sometime during the 1980s a computer program will outplay international grandmasters at
chess, an event which will mark a new maturity in the field of artificial intelligence.
It is a time of change for the computing industry. And, as new developments unfold, the choices users face
in selecting between competing brands and technologies will become increasingly difficult. Accurate across-
the-board comparisons of the offerings will be even more important in the future. In meeting this challenge,
we ourselves fully expect to be put to the test. It’s about time, we feel, to expand our vision and to enlarge
our goals.
At our annual meeting on April 4, 1979, I’m happy
to announce, the Association of Time-Sharing
Users and the Association of Small Computers
Users embarked on a broad reorganization plan.
To expand the services available to members and
to better serve the growing network of computer
users, ATSU and ASCU have merged into a single
group which will also address the issues faced by
those using medium and full-size computers. Our
new organization will be called the Association of
Computer Users.
This step is a further development along the same
lines as past growth. Beginning in 1974, ATSU was
formed to help time-sharing users make the best
use of the resources available to them. As the
computer industry evolved, it became possible for
some computing equipment to be brought in-house
at a cost comparable to time-sharing, and ASCU
was created to help in making those decisions. At
about the same time, we began a program of
comparing various brands of data processing
equipment by running identical benchmark
programs and timing the results. We found that
similar price tags and external appearances can be
deceiving. Wide disparities in performance were
revealed by our first series of benchmark tests on
small computers.
Exploding the Myth
In developing and expanding our benchmark
program, we have sought to explode a common
myth about computers— the myth that price tags,
appearances, or even product specifications
provide a guide to capabilities. Incredible as it
seems, we’ve found enormous disparities—as
much as a factor of 20—in the performance of
similarly-priced computers running the same task.
But our vision does not end there. The importance
of ACU lies in our unbiased, consumer-oriented
approach to the industry. While many choose to
speak in mumbo-jumbo and public relations
phraseology, we prefer to let the facts speak for
themselves. Despite the very green pastures this
industry offers to entrepreneurs, we feel there
should be no sacred cows. By cutting through the
claims and exposing the facts—as our benchmark
evaluations have done—we aim to make our
members the best-informed computer users they
can be.
In forming the Association of Computer Users, our
mandate, in my opinion, is to extend our reach into
all aspects of the computing industry. The goal of
our benchmark program should be to eventually
include every major computer offering, regardless
of size or cost.
The results, I’m confident, will be most revealing,
and as members of ACU, we will be the first to
receive of them. They’ll run the spectrum of data
processing equipment from desktop to maxi, and
from stand-alone to distributed networks.
ACU’s New Sections
To better represent users from different segments
of the industry, the Association will contain a
number of sections, including time-sharing and
small computer sections, the continuations of
ATSU and ASCU. Our Council, after much
discussion, chose the following tentative list of
seven sections. While the names and breakpoints
between sections are admittedly arbitrary, the
groups will serve a vital purpose in helping us meet
the specific needs of each member.
• Small Computer Section — for users of
several computing systems which, fully con¬
figured, cost under $50,000.
• Midi-Computer Section — for users of
systems falling into the price range between
$50,000 and $200,000.
• Large Computer Section — representing
users concerned with computers in the
over$200,000 category.
• Time-Sharing Section — for users of
commercial and in-house time-sharing systems.
• Distributed Processing Section — for those
interested in multi-location systems which
preprocess information on location.
• Word Processing Section — for word
processing users.
• Home and Hobbyist Section — for personal
computing enthusiasts.
I should emphasize that this list of groups is by no
means finalized. It is, instead, the Council’s first
crack at the concept of a truly universal
organization for computer users with all sorts of
special needs. The next step is to find out where
you, the members, wish to be involved, and to
receive your reactions and suggestions as we go
about forming these sections. I am most interested
in obtaining your comments and advice.
For the remainder of this calendar year, the
present ATSU-ASCU structure will continue, with
benefits the same or better than originally
promised. Then, as members renew for the 1980
calendar year, they will select the ACU section or
sections they wish to join.
Within this structure, ACU will continue to grow
and evolve along with its members and the entire
industry. As your computing needs and your
interests change, we hope you will find within ACU
the resources to meet whatever challenges arise.
Benchmarks Vital to Users
Where do we go from here? For the immediate
future, we’re embarking on an expansion of our
benchmark studies into three new areas. Previous
benchmarking covered a group of small computers
in the $15,000 to $25,000 price range. Now we’re
about to commission a similar series for
under$15,000 microcomputers. And we’re begin¬
ning to discuss the framework of reports on large
computers and word processing systems.
A central focus of the Association’s services, the
benchmark studies allow objective, thorough price
performance comparisons of computing products. I
feel the reports are a key aspect of the
Association’s commitment to research. As an
independent, non-profit user organizatiof, we
should have a broad outlook toward the world of
modern computing.
During the past five years, we’ve watched the
number and sophistication of time-sharing and
small computer users grow and evolve. Now, with
the formation of the Association of Computer
Users, we at last have a single, comprehensive
group ready to investigate the complete spectrum
of computing problems. hs
The Impact of New Technology on Small Business Computer Vendors and Users
by
Greg Leveille, Senior Research Analyst
Creative Strategies International
Over the next five i/ears, technology, more than any other factor, will have the most profound effect upon
the small business computer industry. Small business problems and the need for economic data processing
solutions have always existed; but, only recently has the small business computer (SBC) begun to exist as
an affordable solution for that great mass of smaller firms—and mostly because of the rapidly declining cost
of technology.
In the next five years, the average cost of SBCs will rapidly decline even though the level of systems
performance will constantly improve. During this period of change, a plethora of new vendors and products
will emerge and many vendors will succumb to the high risk of failure. The average end-user will receive
much more bang for his buck, many end-users will get stuck with a poor product choice, and the SBC will
become a commonplace business appliance.
The New Technologies
Future SBC price/performance ratios will be
affected by new advancements from many different
data processing technologies. A small business
computer system is nothing more than a large
business appliance, constructed from numerous
smaller components. These parts include semicon¬
ductor components, computer memory, micro¬
processors, printers, data storage peripherals, data
communciations devices, video display terminals,
and computer software.
In each of these areas new developments are
producing performance increases and cost re¬
ductions.
Future developments in these areas will include:
• Semiconductor components. Chip density
and performance improvements are constantly
occurring as a result of a better understanding
of silicon, the predominant semiconductor
material—and by the application of new tech¬
niques in materials, processing, tooling, and
packaging. Meanwhile, production costs are on
the decline.
• Computer memory. Based on advancements
in semiconductor technology, SBC memory
units continue to provide faster memory access
and memory cycle times and consequently
minimize the effect of information movement
within the system. Random access memory
which costs around 8 cents per byte of
information storage in 1979, will only cost
around 1 cent per byte in 1983.
• Microprocessors. Also based on semicon¬
ductor components, these logic devices are
becoming more intelligent and powerful while
slightly decreasing in price. By 1985, these
devices will process as many as five times more
machine instructions per second than they do
today.
• Printers. Many new exotic technologies will be
applied to create a wide variety of printers with
each type filling a different price/performance
niche in the market. These new printer
products will employ technologies such as
thermal printing mechanisms for heat sensitive
paper, electrosensitive printing mechanisms for
special chemically-coated paper, laser beams,
optical character recognition and ink jet guns.
We predict that during the next several years
average printer prices will decline by at least 40
percent.
• Data communications devices. Currently,
the movement, or communication, of data
between computers normally takes place at
relatively slow rates of speed (2,400 or 4,800
characters per second). By 1983, very high
rates of speed (9,600 to 56,000 characters per
second) will be the norm—and will oftentimes
be required to keep up with the faster thinking
computers.
• Video display terminals. The design empha-
s_
THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON THE SMALL BUSINESS COMPUTER SYSTEM
• Introduction of refrigerated SBCs
1983 • Availability of high capacity magnetic bubble memory (MBM) devices (80-100MB)
• Heavy usage of glass fiber optics
• Significant enhancements to VLSI components
i 1982
» Widespread availability of application generators
► Introduction of intelligent archieva! storage devices
»Introduction of 5MB floppies
► Shipment of 128K bit or 256K bit RAM
1981
» Introduction of 2MB mini-Winchesters
► Full production of MBM devices
► First Shipment of intelligent copier
► Introduction of very large scale integration (VLSI) components
► First shipment of thin film disk media
1980 * Limited availability of flat panel displays
» First shipment of high speed relational data base management systems (DBMS)
' Limited availability of MBM (magnetic bubble memory)
1979
* First shipment of SBC with a 48-bit addressing scheme
»Industry acceptance of segmented CRT screens
► Introduction of mini-Winchesters (3.5" 100K to 1MB)
> Shipment of 64K bit chip RAM @ $0.18/bit
7^
Price
50% Reduction Every 7 Years
Performance
Two-Fold Increase Every 5 Years
Source: Creative Strategies International
- 5 -
sis of most vendors is centered around making
the video display more friendly and intelligent.
These displays will, in effect, become the head
or face of the small business computers of the
1980s. They will have the ability to ask a wide
range of simple tutorial questions, sometimes
audibly, which the operator will be able to
respond to with a slight depression of a single
key. The confusion and mystery which normally
surrounds the installation of a new computer
will be considerably lessened.
• Computer software. In the next five years,
the number of computer software tools for any
one system will probably triple. Furthermore,
each new succession of tools will be more
powerful and easier to use than the last.
New Price/Performance Ratios
As a result of these forecasted advancements in
technology, SBC vendors will be able to offer the
users more powerful systems for less cost.
IBM's new System/38 (First Customer Ship in
1979) will deliver approximately three to four times
as much performance capabilities as its predeces¬
sor, the System/3 Model 15 (First Customer Ship
in 1974). Additionally, S/38 configurations are as
much as three times less expensive than compar¬
able System/3 configurations. This IBM compar¬
ison provides a typical example of the price/per-
formance increases that are expected throughout
the forthcoming years.
System/3
System/38
Model
15D
5381
Main Memory
256K Bytes
512K Bytes
Mass Storage
90MB
130 MB
Video Displays
1
1
Line Printer
600 LPM
650 LPM
Purchase Price
$281,000
$94,000
An Expanded Market
These new lower price/performance ratios for
SBCs are not only prompting most current users
to expand their usage of SBC devices, but these
new ratios are attracting many new sales pros¬
pects.
Every year, as the cost of technology decreases
and as the cost of labor and money increases, new
sets of small business applications become more
economical to automate than to leave unauto¬
mated.
Because of these variables, the majority of current
users are accelerating their usage of SBC tech¬
niques at a maximum rate of pace. Their rate of
acceleration is only slowed down by a shortage of
available time, people, and financing. It is a
well known fact that more than 60 percent of the
annual revenues of the largest SBC vendors is
derived from add-on-value orders from previously
installed customers.
Additionally, as the cost of entry level small
business computers declines, vast new markets of
potential buyers emerge that were previously not
approachable.
A very small business with an annual revenue of
approximately $250,000 normally can't afford more
than a 2 percent annual expenditure ($5,000) for a
computer system. Several years ago a $5,000 SBC
simply did not exist. In the last 12 months, at least
10 vendors introduced a $3,000 to $10,000 system.
By 1983 at least 50 major vendors will have such a
system available.
New Vendors and Products
The increase in market demand for SBC products
has resulted in an unparalleled increase in the
number of systems suppliers. Five years ago, there
were less than 50 vendors. At year end 1979, there
will be more than 300 active participants, including
manufacturers, system integrators, and retail
outlets. By 1983, there should be at least 600
■\
PROJECTED IMPACT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY
ON SMALL COMPUTER USERS AND VENDORS
1979 — 1983
Benefits For Users
• More System for Less Money •
• Wider Choice of Vendors •
• Wider Choice of Products •
• More Powerful Software •
• More Learning Tools •
• Greater Understanding of SBC’s •
• Easier to Automate with SBC’s •
• Lower Entry Level Costs •
• Incremental Growth Path •
Drawbacks For Users
Too Many Vendors
Too Many Products
Too Many Decision Criteria
Hard to Separate Fact From Fiction
Longer Decision Cycles
Susceptability To Poor Decisions
Short Supply of Skilled Personnel
Rising Cost of EDP Labor
Difficult To Change Vendors
Complexities of Long Range Planning
Benefits For Vendors
• Increase in Computer Speed
• Increase in System Capabilities
• Smaller SBC Components
• Decrease in Manufacturing Costs
• Increase in Economy of Scale
• Greater System Reliability
• Lower Maintenance Costs
• Increase in SBC Market Demand
• Price Elasticity
• New Markets for SBC Products
Drawbacks For Vendors
• Increase in Number of Competitors
• Increase in Number of Competing Products
• Increase in Rate of Market Change
• Variety of Distribution Methods
• Vulnerability of Installed Base
• Harder To Increase Market Share
• Longer Pre and Post Sale Periods
• Increase in Marketing Overhead
• Limited Supply of High Tech Components
• Limited Supply of Trained Personnel
J
competitors. Additionally, in an effort to remain
competitive and to create a captive market from
their installed base of users, every vendor will
attempt to establish a very broad product line.
Opportunity vs. Risk
In conclusion, the next five years will present
significant opportunities and risks for both vendors
and users of small business computers. In 1978,
58,000 SBCs were shipped worldwide; but, during
the 1979 to 1983 period more than 814,000 small
business computers, priced in the $5,000 to
$100,000 range will be shipped to new and existing
customers. However, the competition for business
will be fierce and many of the SBC suppliers in the
business today will not be in business by 1983.
Likewise, during this period of transition many
unsuspecting users will acquire an inadequate
system and/or vendor.
Supported by a rapid technological pace in
performance improvements and cost reductions,
the years ahead promise both a high potential for
success as well as for failure. With success comes
profit, and with failure comes experience as the
SBC industry moves into its most dynamic growth
period ever.
- \
TYPICAL SMALL BUSINESS COMPUTER CONFIGURATION
How Users Influence The Computer Services Industry
The Results of a User Survey
By Jean S. Chaloux
Quantum Science Corporation
What trends are developing in the computer
services industry? How are users’ EDP environ¬
ments changing? And what role are users playing
in the development of this industry?
To help answer these questions, Quantum Science
Corporation arranged to survey members of the
Association of Time-Sharing Users and to report
the results in this newsletter. Below, we are happy
to present the highlights of the survey.
The results point to some important trends among
computer services users and the influence they
exert on the computing services industry. In
particular, the survey provides us with insights into
three general areas:
• The role of the time-sharing coordinator,
• The increasing selectivity by users in the use of
computer services, and
• The reaction of users to the newly introduced
systems combining small computers with outside
time-sharing systems.
The Role of the Time-Sharing Coordinator
It is clear that in most large corporations a formal
means for controlling the use of computing
services has developed. This control is usually
maintained by the time-sharing coordinator and is
designed to maximize the use of outside services
by extending data processing capabilities in areas
where needed.
By and large, the typical survey respondent was a
person responsible for purchasing and for control¬
ling his organization’s use of time-sharing and other
outside computer services. The coordinator pro¬
vides individual end-users within his company with
the interface needed to deal with outside computer
services vendors, while maintaining control over
spending at the organizational level. In this way,
w end-users get the services they need within the
context established by the corporation.
In many respects, this position mirrors the position
of the computer services industry itself. Just as the
services companies translate raw computer power
into end-user capabilities, so the time-sharing
coordinator integrates a control function with end
user needs, providing the corporation with the
leverage to maximize their use of data processing
resources. In light of this, it is not surprising that
80% of the 104 ATSU Members surveyed are
located at their firms’ headquarters or main offices.
Based on the survey results, the typical ATSU
member performs the following functions related to
his purchasing activities:
• Evaluates application needs and requests,
• Evaluates potential suppliers of the needed
services, and
• Selects vendors to be used for a particular
application.
However, these activities are typically not the only
ones performed by the ATSU member: 95% of the
respondents indicated that they have other job
responsibilities far beyond the purchasing of
outside computer services. A significant number of
the survey participants get involved in the
purchase of other EDP related services. For
example:
• 50% are responsible for the purchase of software
services including contract programming, soft¬
ware packages and systems design, and
• 20% are responsible for a myriad of other
purchases — including minicomputers, technical
services and word processing systems.
In addition, over half of the respondents are
responsible for the purchase of EDP services on a
corporate-wide basis, and less than 20% were
concerned with activities strictly at their own
location. These responses suggest that within most
large corporations the purchasing of time-sharing
and related data processing services from external
- 9 -
sources is a significant issue, fully warranting the
dedication of at least one individual’s attention for
liaison with users, control and evaluation.
Small Companies Often Get
Top Management Involved
It is interesting to note that within small companies
this issue is just as weighty. In another Quantum
Science survey of more than 200 small businesses
using outside processing services, the organ¬
ization’s President or Controller was responsible
for the selection of the service in 55% of the cases.
Within industries where the typical business unit is
particularly small — e.g., law, engineering and
accounting firms — the participation of top
management is even more likely.
Users Rate Key Factors in Vendor Selection
One common role that the time-sharing coordin¬
ator plays is in establishing standards for evaluating
computer services vendors and setting criteria for
selecting new ones. How this is done and which
factors are used is a major issue for users and
vendors alike. The market is competitive: 50 (or
so) companies provide time-sharing, software and
other support services and compete for about
two-thirds of all user dollars in these areas.
ATSU members were asked to indicate the
priorities they use in selecting a particular vendor
for their organization’s use. The result:
• The existence of proprietary software packages
or data bases was ranked most important by
more than one-third of the responots. The
premium placed on such proprietary services
reflects the growing need of large corporate
users for efficient handling of specialized data
processing applications. Fortunately, vendors
are becoming increasingly aware of this need,
with most vendors specializing in one or more
specific application areas.
• Vendors’ reputations rank as the next most
important consideration. Despite the overall
level of maturity of this industry, users are still
wary of suppliers lacking longevity, experience
and/or the commitment to solve problems.
• In addition, it was no surprise that low cost
ranked as one of the top three criteria for over
60% of the respondents.
Applications Overview:
Majority Handle Administrative Tasks
ATSU members were asked to summarize the
types of end-user applications for which outside
computer services are being used. As expected,
the majority of users indicated that they used
outside services in conjunction with general-
administrative (G&A) and planning-support appli¬
cations. A more detailed rundown of responses is
shown below:
• Of the 60% performing G&A applications, most
are using forecasting packages and tools; a
significant proportion are also handling market
research applications.
• Nearly 55% of the respondents indicated that
they use data base management systems; and
almost all users take advantage of the high level
languages like Fortran and APL offered by
outside service companies.
• The use of outside service companies for
financial reporting occurs among at least 40% of
the respondents. In contrast, industry-oriented
applications such as manufacturing and control
are performed by less than one-fourth of the
respondents.
New Hardware/Service Concept Introduced
Further evidence of the dynamic nature of the
computing services market is the new introduction
by several traditional time-sharing companies of
services tied to a small computer system on the
user’s site, connected by telephone lines to the
vendor’s larger computer. Referred to as integrated
or bundled hardware/services, this approach
allows users to benefit from the service company’s
proven expertise and familiarity with their prob¬
lems, in addition to the availability of a variety of
application software, while allowing users to exert
more direct control over their processing. In many
respects, an integrated hardware/service solution
resembles a turnkey system approach.
ATSU members expressed qualified interest in
such systems:
• One-fourth like the idea that a single vendor
would provide both hardware and software on
their location.
• An equal number identified other attractive
aspects, e.g., cost for computer services could
be minimized, while specialized application
software remained readily available.
• But other users expressed the problem of being
even more “locked into one vendor” by such an
arrangement.
• Nearly 50% use or plan to use a dedicated in-
house system for end-user applications, and 25%
plan to obtain such a system from a service
vendor rather than a hardware manufacturer.
In conclusion, ATSU members were also asked to
rate in importance the key trends within their
organizations that will impact future use of outside
computer services. Here are the results:
• Increased demand for specialized application
programs is viewed as the most significant trend.
One-third of the respondents rated this trend as
number one in importance; 40% rated it second
or third.
The implementation of internal time-sharing
capability by their firms was rated the most
important trend by an additional 33% of the
respondents.
CORPORATE ASSOCIATE MEMBERS*
ADP Network Services
American Terminal Leasing
Avco Computer Services
Boeing Computer Services Company
CallData Systems
Citibank - Interactive Computing Center
Corporate Time-Sharing Services, Inc.
Datanetwork, Honeywell, Inc.
G. E. Information Services Company
Informatics - Data Services Div.
Insco Systems Corporation
I. P. Sharp Associates, Ltd.
Litton Computer Services
Martin Marietta Data Systems**
Metrocom Inc.
National Computer Network
On-Line Systems, Inc.
Quantum Science Corporation
R.A.I.R., Inc.
Rapidata, Inc.
Scientific Time-Sharing Corporation
SDC Search Service
Sun Information Services
Telenet Communications Corporation
Time-Sharing Resources, Inc.
Trendata
United Computing Systems
University Computing Company
Vocal Interface
Warner Computer Systems
Western Union - Data Services Company
Zeta Research
* Previous Corporate Associate Members of ATSU
are now shown as Corporate Associate Members
ofACU.
**New Member.
Companies supplying computing products or services
are eligible to apply for Corporate Associate Member¬
ship by writing to the Association.
As a result, the computer services industry will
undoubtedly need to keep changing to keep up
with its customers. In fact, the vendors are
diversifying to supply new products and services
that suit the end-user’s needs, and this demon¬
strates that users are setting the pace in this
dynamic market.
Association of Computer Users — Chapters, Local Contacts and Special Interest Contacts
ARKANSAS
Gene Dugger
Searcy — SCS Local Contact
Harding College
(501) 268-6161
CALIFORNIA
Richard Dumas
Mountain View — TSS Local Contact
Commodity Research Institute
(415) 941-4646
Gary Galan
Newport Beach — TSS Local Contact
Commercial Bankers Life Insurance
(714) 833-8450
Frederick Gallegos
Los Angeles — TSS Local Contact
U.S. Gen*! Accounting Office
(213) 688-3809
Don Hatch
San Diego — SCS Local Contact
Christian Mgmt. Consulting Services
(714) 293-3200
Jim Rigby
Brea — SCS Local Contact
Rodgers & Rigby, CPA’s
(714) 990-3613
Frank Slaton
San Bernardino — TSS Local Contact
California State College
(714) 887-7293
COLORADO
Michael J. O’Connell
Denver — TSS Local Contact
Assoc, of Operating Rm. Nurses
(303) 755-6300
CONNECTICUT
Frank Chew
Greenwich — TSS Local Contact
Amax, Inc.
(203) 622-2824
Charles J. Clock, Jr.
Special Interest Contact for
Educational Applications
West Hartford Public Schools
(203) 236-6081
FLORIDA
William A. Rousseau
Pompano Beach — TSS Local Contact
Alpine Engineered Products, Inc.
(305) 781-3333
J. L. VanGoethem
Miami — SCS Local Contact
Ryder System, Inc.
(305) 593-3726
HAWAII
Richard Riehle
Honolulu — SCS Local Contact
The Printout
(808) 536-6532
IDAHO
Rick Simon
Boise — TSS Local Contact
Morrison-Knudsen Company
(208) 345-5000
ILLINOIS
* Leon Stevens
Chicago - SCS Chairman, SCS
and TSS Local Contact
Standard Oil Company
(312) 856-6689
John A. Koziol
Chicago — TSS & SCS Local Contact
Continental Materials Corp.
(312) 565-0100
IOWA
James E. Lewis
Marshalltown — SCS Local Contact
Iowa Valley Comm. College District
(515) 752-4643
KENTUCKY
Clyde Jenkins
Special Interest Contact for APL
Humana Inc.
(502) 589-3790
LOUISIANA
W. D. Landry
Abbeville — SCS Local Contact
Coastal Chemical Co., Inc.
(504) 893-3862
MARYLAND
R. G. Korbeck
Baltimore — TSS Local Contact
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company
(301) 234-6687
MASSACHUSETTS
* Stuart Lipoff
Boston — TSS Local Contact and
Special Interest Contact for
Software Standards
Arthur D. Little, Inc.
(617) 864-5770
METRO WASHINGTON, DC.
Frank E. Rockwell
Glen Dale — TSS Local Contact
Astro Data Systems
(301) 982-5996
A. Steven Wolf
EXT — TSS Local Contact
U.S. General Accounting Office
(202) 655-4000
MICHIGAN
J. Ben Friberg
Grand Rapids — TSS Local Contact
Rapidstan Inc.
(616) 451-6682
Tom Hunt
Cadillac — TSS Local Contact
Kysor Industrial Corp.
(616) 775-4646
* Larry Leslie
Kalamazoo — TSS Vice-Chairman
and Special Interest Contact for
Time-Sharing Administrators
Upjohn Company
(616) 323-4000
MINNESOTA
L. R. Bakewell
St. Paul — SCS Local Contact
Real Estate Dynamics, Inc.
(612) 698-8891
MISSOURI
Dann E. Kroeger
Kansas City — SCS Local Contact
Townsend Communications, Inc.
(816) 454-9660
NEW JERSEY
Jim Fitzpatrick
Special Interest Contact for
Data Base Applications
American Broadcasting Corp.
(201) 488-2345
Robert J. Loring
Haddonfield — SCS Local Contact
Cardiac Long-Term Monitoring SVC
(609) 795-2220
* Bennett Meyer
Wayne — SCS Vice-Chairman, and
Special Interest Contact for
Data Security
Singer-Kearfott
(201) 256-4000
* Council
Samuel A. Scharff
Englewood — SCS Local Contact
Consulting Engineer
(201) 569-8332
NEW YORK
Dr. Dina Bedi
Special Interest Contact for
Educational Applications
Baruch College
(212) 725-3196
Terri Gendron
Briarcliff Manor — TSS Local Contact
Phillips Laboratories
(914) 762-0300
Samuel Leonard
Elmira — TSS Local Contact
Thatcher Glass Mfg. Co.
(607) 737-3459
Philip N. Sussman
New York City — TSS & SCS Local Contact
International Paper Company
(212) 490-5827
NEW YORK CITY CHAPTER
Executive Board:
Aram Bedrosian
TWA
Bion Bierer
Bristol Myers
Victor Bittman
Chase Manhattan
Charles Browning
Phelps Dodge
Dennis Callahan
Goldman Sachs & Co.
Chester Frankfeldt
Continental Group
Carl Heimowitz
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
Alan Kornbluth
American Express
Susan McCain
Morgan Guaranty
Arthur Schneyman
Mobil Oil
Indira Singh
Salomon Brothers
Philip Sussman
International Paper Co.
OHIO
Dennis Bender
Cincinnati — TSS Local Contact
Procter & Gamble
(513) 562-2469
Ed Casper
Cleveland — TSS Chapter President
Diamond Shamrock Corp.
(216) 694-5566
Howard Tureff
Cleveland — TSS Local Contact
Diamond Shamrock Corp.
(216) 694-5963
ONTARIO
* David Wilson
Toronto — TTS Chairman, and
TTS and SCS Local Contact
P.S. Ross & Partners
(416) 363-8281
OREGON
Paul Gehlar
Salem — SCS Local Contact
Oregon Fruit Products Co.
(503) 581-6211
PENNSYLVANIA
Dale Hummer
Pittsburgh — TSS Local Contact
Westinghouse Electric*Corp.
(412) 273-6169
D. T. Wu
Philadelphia — TSS Local Contact
DuPont De Nemours & Co.
(215) 339-6307
TEXAS
Ralph N. Bussard
Houston — TSS & SCS Local Contact
Price Waterhouse & Company
(713) 654-4100
Ankarath Unni
Dallas — TSS Local Contact
Sun Production Company
(214) 739-9301
UTAH
Melvin D. Nimer
Salt Lake/Provo — SCS Local Contact
McNally Mountain States Steel Company
(801) 785-5085
VIRGINIA
John Hudson
Danville — TSS & SCS Local Contact
Dan River Inc.
(804) 799-710i
W. W. McChesney
Alexandria — SCS Local Contact
Country Legend Stores, Inc.
(703) 370-9850
WISCONSIN
Anil K. Bhala
Green Bay — SCS Local Contact
L. D. Schreiber Cheese Co.
(414) 437-7601
Jack Kochie
Racine — SCS Local Contact
Medical Engineering
(414) 639-7205
David J. Ritter
LaCrosse — SCS Local Contact
LaCrosse Garment Mfg. Co.
(608) 785-1400
John J. Stewart
Wausau — SCS Local Contact
Van Ert Electric Co., Inc.
(715) 845-4308
Paul Thoppil
Milwaukee — TSS Local Contact
RTE Corporation
(414) 547-1251
Robert Whitney
Eau Claire — SCS Local Contact
Owen Ayres & Associates, Inc.
(715) 834-3161
LOCAL CONTACTS WANTED
Become a local contact for your area.
Your name and telephone number will be
listed on this page in each issue of
Interactive Computing, enabling other
members to contact you with their
questions. Only users, not suppliers, are
eligible to apply by writing to the
Association. Please specify which of the
following Sections you would like to serve
for:
• Time-Sharing Section
• Small Computer Section
• Midi Computer Section
• Large Computer Section
• Distributed Processing
Section
• Word Processing Section
• Home and Hobbyist Section
Members for 1979
The Newsletter of the Association of Computer Users
Published every other month by the Association of Computer Users, Inc., formerly the Association of
Time-Sharing Users and the Association of Small Computer Users, Copyright 1979, P. O. Box 9003,
Boulder CO 80301, Telephone (303) 499-1722. Second Class postage paid at Boulder CO 80302.
Hillel Segal, President; Stuart Lipoff, Vice President; Earl Carroll, Treasurer; Martin Neville, Secretary
An independent non-profit association, providing a forum for the discussion of computing topics .
