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MAY 1983 VOL 1 ISSUE 6

The Monthly Journal for Commodore Computer Users

elecommander

'eek and Poke

Tired of chasing your

if you're looking for Commodore 64orVIC'2d
software, look no further than Synapse!

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Drelbs for the Commodore 64", and Astro
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Cartridge versions available soon.

Other titles available for the Atari 400 800
computers.

^ ^ THE PHARAOH'S CURSE

v^ : // A fortune — yours for the tak-

<i/ ing. But can you avoid the

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SURVIVOR

The first muki -player coop-
erative space adventure.
Alone or with your hand-
picked crew (1 to 4 players)
you must out -maneuver the
Xenogryph fleet and destroy
their space fortresses. Can
you train yourself and or your
crew to survive?

SHAMUS

The odor tells you the Shad-
ow/ s there — in one of four
levels of 32 rooms, each bris-
tling with danger. You know
it won't be a high school
prom, but there's no turning
back. Shamus — the sleuth
adventure classic.

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FT. APOCALYPSE

r mission — fly your heli-
copter to capture fuel and
weapons from the Kraal than
ds of Inner Earth, free the
slaved masses and destroy
■jie fortress itself. Will you
triumph or be crushed by its
fiendish defenses? Encounter
Fort Apocalypse!

PROTECTOR II
You are the last hope! The
Fraxullan Slimehordes are
attacking your cities and
carrying off their citizens.
Can you get your people to
safety as volcanoes erupt and
enemy forces conspire to
thwart your every effort?

cnfnm*DJ=iTfl SOFTWARE

GUIDES YOU AND YOUR
VIC 20* DOWN ROADS OF
ADVENTURE WITH:

Maelstrom*
Escape MCP*
Gator Chase*
Astro Command
Caves of Annod
Capture the Beast
Whirlwind Rescue*
Street Maze
The Market
Chivalry

THROUGH TRAILS OF
CREATIVITY WITH:

• Sketch and Paint

12345 ♦!

\9x9=81 8

ALONG THE PATH TO
KNOWLEDGE WITH:

Quality software also available
for Pet and Commodore 64 computers

Wordspot

Math Tutor Series

Alphabet Tutor

Conversion

Gotcha Math

English Invaders

Math Invaders Series

ASK FOR COMM*DATA

COMPUTER HOUSE SOFTWARE

AT YOUR LOCAL DEALER.

Or Send for FREE Catalog:

COMM*DATA COMPUTER HOUSE

320 Summit Avenue

Milford, Michigan 48042

(313) 685-0113

Dealer Inquiries Welcome.

VIC 20 is a Registered Trademark of Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
*High Res Full Machine Code Arcade Style Games.

V7SA

Circle No. 7

TYPING TUTOR
WORD INVADERS

JOIN THE
COMPUTER
REVOLUTION
WITH A MASTERY
OF THE KEYBOARD!
In the age of the computer, everyone
from the school child to the Chairman of
the Board should be at home at the
computer keyboard. Soon there will be
a computer terminal on every desk and
in every home. Learn how to use it right
...and have some fun at the same time !

Rated THE BEST educational program for the VIC 20™
by Creative Computing Magazine

TYPING TUTOR PLUS WORD INVADERS -$21.95

(2 programs on one cassette tape for the unexpanded VIC 20 m )

Typing Tutor plus Word Invaders makes learning the keyboard easy and fun!
Typing Tutor teaches the keyboard in easy steps. Word Invaders makes typing
practice an entertaining game. Highly praised by customers:

"Typing Tutor is great!", "Fantastic", "Excellent", High quality", "A source of
great joy and learning for our children", "Even my little sister likes it", "Word
Invaders is sensational!"

Customer comment says it all . . .

"... and it was everything you advertised it would be. In three weeks, my 13 year
old son, who had never typed before,was typing 35 w.p.m. I had improved my
typing speed 15 w.p.m. and my husband was able to keep up with his college
typing class by practicing at home. "

SPECIAL
VERSION OF
TYPING TUTOR
PLUS WORD INVADERS
NOW AVAILABLE FOR THE
COMMODORE 64™...$21. 95 (Tape)

AH of the features of the VIC 20™ Version and more

sprite ir-aa.

DESIGNER ]

by Dr. Lee T.Hill | T. ...

$16.95(Tape)$21.95(Pisfc) LssaJ

Create and then transform sprites automatically. We
have the other sprite making programs, but this is the
one we use to make sprites. The automatic transfor-
mations are great!

^^^ Shipping and handling $1.00 per
^B5r order. California residents add 6%
^^^M sales tax. VISA and Mastercard
orders must include full name as shown on card, card
number, and expiration date. Free catalog sent with
order and on request.

ACADEIil?

SOFW^RE

P.O. Box 9403, San Rafael, C A 9491 2 (41 5) 499-0850

Programmers: Write to our New Program Manager concerning any exceptional VIC 20TM or Commodore 64TM game or other program you have developed.

Circle No. 2

Call for Clubs and Newsletters Directory

To be included in the first edition of the Commander Clubs and
Newsletters Directory, your club or publication must supply the
following information:

1 . name of organization or publication

2. mailing address

3. contact person and telephone number

4. name of newsletter or publication

5. special interests

Send your information to Clubs and Newsletters Directory,
Commander, P.O. Box 98827, Tacoma, Washington 98498.

Commander— The Monthly Journal for Commodore Computer Users is published monthly by Micro Systems
Specialties, P.O. Box 98827, Tacoma, WA 98498. Domestic Subscriptions, 12 issues, $22.00. Second Class
Postage pending at Tacoma, WA 98143 and additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to:
Commander— The Monthly Journal for Commodore Computer Users; P.O. Box 98827, Tacoma, WA
98498. Entire contents copyright © 1982 by Micro Systems Specialties. All Rights Reserved.

2/Commander May 1983

VIC 20™ and
Commodore 64™
expansion products
from Micro Systems
Development.

A The Interbus Series. Three interfaces for the VIC 20 and
Commodore 64: one for IEEE 488, one for RS 232 and one
for Parallel.

The VIE and QE are IEEE 488 interfaces for the ViC 20.
When plugged into the expansion port, the cartridge is
"transparent," that is, the user can still attach other peripherals
without any interference. Devices such as 4040, 8050, 2031, 2032,
4022 and 8023 can be controlled. The IEEE software can be called
by using the 'SYS' command, even in the middle of a
BASIC program.

The V232 and C232 are serial interface cartridges which
allow connection of various input/output devices such as printers,
modems, plotters, etc. to VIC 20 or Commodore 64 computers.
Features include: positive and negative voltage swings to meet full
EIA standards, straps and jumpers to allow reconfiguration to meet
pinouts for any RS232 device, and software selectable reconfigura-
tion such as baud rate, parity, and duplex mode.

The VPI and CP! are parallel interfaces for the VIC 20 and
Commodore 64. These interfaces provide direct BASIC use of the
parallel printer bus and give "invisible" access to the bus. The
VPI can be used only on the VIC 20 and uses the expansion port.
The CPI will work with both the VIC 20 and Commodore 64 and
does not use the expansion port. The CPI also has switches for set-
ting insertion or deletion of line feed* conversion of Commodore
A$3! into standard ASCII or visa versa, addresses printer to device
4, 5, 6 or 7, and allows normally unprintable Commodore characters
so be printed in a recognizable form.

B Expandoport Series. Expandoport 3 and Expandoport 6 are
three- and six-slot expansion boards for the VIC 20. Each slot on
the Expandoport 6 has a switch for controlling power to that con-
nector. The switch allows the use of cartridges which respond to the
same memory space. The Expandoport 6 also has a fuse and reset
switch. The fuse prevents excessive current drain from the VIC 20
and protects it from 'shorts". The reset switch allows the user to
'Restart' the VIC 20 without turning power off. This feature allows
RAM, which is located in the ROM expansion area, to be protected
during 'Restart'.

Expandoport 4 is a four port expansion board for the
Commodore 64. It has the same features as the Expandoport 6 and
even allows for the use of varying width cartridges.

C Terminal Pak Series. The VTE 40 Terminal Emulator
(VTE 40) is a hardware and software package which converts trie
VIC 20 into a 40-column communications terminal. The VTE 40
cartridge is complete. Various set-up parameters such as baud rate,
parity duplex, and bits per character can be selected through a
'menu* format. VTE 40 features are: 40 x 25 text display user
definable communication specs, smooth or normal scroll, print infor-
mation to printer or disk, generation of control codes, selective
omission of data, continuous status line,

The CTE/VTE Terminal Emulator (CTE/VTE) is a software
program which converts the VIC 20 or Commodore 64 into a ter-
minal. The user can 'software select' the baud rate compatible with
the modem used Full upper and lower case characters are supported

D Audio Link. An audio cassette adapter interface for the
VIC 20. Features include: use of regular cassette recorders, conver-
sion of VIC 20 digital data to audio and visa versa, normal and
inverted cassette signal, remote on/off control and control of
external devices.

E VRAM. These memory expansion modules are designed to
provide additional user programming space for the VIC 20 system.
VRAM plugs into the memory expansion port and requires no
additional power or modification to the VIC 20 system. The units are
packaged as 3K, 8K, 16K and 24K modules. Strapping is provided
for mapping 8K blocks of memory into the various available
memory blocks.

VIC 2QTM and commodore &4™ CAM™ and PET™ are westered trademarks ul Commodore
Business Machines.

E*pandopoTl. Audio Link, Interim Temiirfcal Pak, VRAM and Monitor4ink ire mpywrfted by Micro
Systems Devetopmenl. Inc

Interbus Series,

B Expandoport Series.

C Terminal Pak Series.

D Audio Link.

3K RAM

*«.

[r^r'

■ r '^w*\i

U**-

[ -*" *\- -

-.+ vv

k. x J

S^^ jM

E VRAM.

Call toll free
for nearest dealer

1-800-527-5285

Lifetime warranty
available upon

return of Product
warranty card

MICRO SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT, INC.

Ill OS SHADY TRAIL • SUITE 1CW • DALLAS, TEXAS 7SES3

Table of Contents

STAFF

Publisher

THOMAS L. ROSENBAUM

Editor

ALICIA A. LINDEN

Dealer/Distributor/Manager
DEBBIE GABBARD

Sales Manager
TERILYN M. FLOYD

Advertising/Article Manager
LINDA L. LINDEN

Typesetting
GRANGE PRINTING

Consultant
EDWIN SUND
GEORGE R. GAUKEL
JOHN GABBARD

Production Artists
MIKE BRIGHENTI
BRIAN D. THOMPSON
JON WONG

Printed By
GRANGE PRINTING

COMMANDER is published monthly by:

MICRO SYSTEMS SPECIALTIES, PO Box 98827,

Tacoma, Washington 98498

Subscription Rates (U.S. Funds)

Per Year

U.S.

$22.00

Canadian, Mexican

$26.00

Surface Rates

$37.00

Air Mail

$54.00

For back issues, subscriptions,

change of

address or

other information, write to:

COMMANDER

PO Box 98827

Tacoma, Washington 98498

(206) 584-6757

BACK ISSUES—

2 months old-$4.50

COVER BY:

Randy "Tarkas" Hoar

4/Commander May 1983

10
14
15
37

20
59
40

44
54

56
58

TELECOMMANDER
by Donald L. Stoner

LOGIC GATES: A Light Technical View:
by Howard Rotenberg

UNIVERSAL ROLL PAPER HOLDER
by Louis F. Sander

LIVING WITH QUICK BROWN FOX
by Colin Thompson

PACKING ARRAYS INTO RELATIVE FILES
by Paul Donato

AN INTRODUCTION TO ASSEMBLY Language
Programming on the VIC-20: Part V: Branches and
Comparisons
by Eric Giguere

PEEK and POKE— A Users Instruction Sheet
by George Gaukel

ARRAY ASSIGNMENT SORT
by David Steffes &
Art Dudley

BUILD YOUR OWN COMPUTER TABLE
by Spike Bickel

FORMATTING AND ERROR CHECKING
By Tony Lamartina

QUANDRA ROM: A Product Review
By Howard Rotenberg

PEDISK II FLOPPY DISK SYSTEM:
A Product Review
by Louis F. Sander

IN MY OPINION
by Fred Dart

DEPARTMENTS

New Products

News Releases

Product Reviews

Game Reviews

Bits & Pieces

Game Contest

Users Clubs

Dealers

Distributors

Advertisers Index

AARDVARK - THE ADVENTURE PLACE
TRS-80 COLOR COMMODORE 24 VIC-20 SINCLAIR/TIMEX TI99

WE CARRY MORE THAN ADVENTURES!!

MAXI-PROS WORD PROCESSING ftf^

The easiest to use word processor that I
know of. Has all the features of a major word
processor {right and left margin justification,
page numbering, global and line editing, single,
double, triple spacing, text centering, etc.) at
a very cheap price because we wrote it in
BASIC. Includes 40 page manual and learning
guide. Easily modified to handle almost any
printer combination. Available on disk or tape
for VIC20, COMMODORE64, and TRS-80
COLOR computer. Requires 13k RAM on
Vic, 16k EXTENDED on TRS-80 COLOR. ^
$19.95 on tape $24.95 on disk. ^

GENERAL LEDGER - Complete bookkeep-
ing for a small business. Disk required. For
Vic20 (13k), Commodore64, TRS^80 COLOR
(16k EXTENDED). $69.95 (Send $1.00 for
manual before ordering.)

LABYRINTH - 16K EXTENDED COLOR
BASIC — With amazing 3D graphics, you fight
your way through a maze facing real time
monsters. The graphics are real enough to
cause claustrophobia.

Similar game for Timex/Sinclair 16k - hunting
treasure instead of monsters $14.95.

ADVENTURE WRITING/DEATHSHIP by
Rodger Olsen — This is a data sheet showing
how we do it. It is about 14 pages of detailed
instructions how to write your own adven-
tures. It contains the entire text of Deathship.
Data sheet - $3.95. NOTE: Owners of TI99,
TRS-80, TRS-80 Color, and Vic 20 computers
can also get Deathship on tape for an addi-
tional $5.00.

Dealers— We have the best deal going for you.
Good discounts, exchange programs, and fac-
tory support. Send for Dealer Information.
Authors — Aardvark pays the highest commis-
sions in the industry and gives programs the
widest possible advertising coverage. Send a
Self Addressed Stamped Envelope for our
Authors Information Package.

ADVENTURES - Adventures are a unique
form of computer game. They let you spend
30 to 70 hours exploring and conquering a
world you have never seen before. There is
little or no luck in Adventuring. The rewards
are for creative thinking, courage, and wise
gambling - not fast reflexes.

In Adventuring, the computer speaks and
listens to plain English. No prior knowledge
of computers, special controls, or games is re-
quired so everyone enjoys them — even people
who do not like computers.

Except for Quest, itself unique among Ad-
venture games. Adventures are non-graphic.
Adventures are more li ke a novel than a comic
book or arcade game. It is like reading a par-
ticular exciting book where you are the main
character.

All of the Adventures in this ad are in Basic.
They are full featured, fully plotted adventures
that will take a minimum of thirty hours (in
several sittings) to play.

Adventuring requires 16k on Sinclair, TRS-
80, and TRS-80 Color. They require 8k on OSI
and 13k on VIC-20. Sinclair requires extended
BASIC. Now available for TI99.

TREK ADVENTURE by Bob Retelle - This
one takes place aboard a familiar starship and
is a must for trekkies. The problem is a famil-
iar one — The ship is in a "decaying orbit"
(the Captain never could learn to park!) and
the engines are out (You would think that in
all those years, they would have learned to
build some that didn't die once a week). Your
options are to start the engine, save the ship,
get off the ship, or die. Good Luck.

Authors note to players — I wrote this one
with a concordance in hand. It is very accurate
— and a lot of fun. It was nice to wander
around the ship instead of watching it on T.V.

DERELICT by Rodger Olsen and Bob Ander-
son - For Wealth and- Glory, you have to ran-
sack a thousand year old space ship. You'll
have to learn to speak their language and
operate the machinery they left behind. The
hardest problem of all is tojive through it.

Authors note to players — This adventure
is the new winner in the "Toughest Adventure
at Aardvark Sweepstakes". Our most difficult
problem in writing the adventure was to keep
it logical and realistic. There are no irrational
traps and sudden senseless deaths in Derelict.
This ship was designed to be perfectly safe for
its' builders. It just happens to be deadly to
alien invaders like you.

Dungeons of Death — Just for the 16k TRS-
80 COLOR, this is the first D&D type game
good enough to qualify at Aardvark. This is
serious D&D that allows 1 to 6 players to go
on a Dragon Hunting, Monster Killing, Dun-
geon Exploring Quest. Played on an on-screen
map, you get a choice of race and character
(Human, Dwarf, Soldier, Wizard, etc.), a
chance to grow from game to game, and a 15
page manual. At the normal price for an Ad-
venture ($14.95 tape, $19.95 disk), this is a
giveaway.

PYRAMID by Rodger Olsen - This is one of
our toughest Adventures. Average time
through the Pyramid is 50 to 70 hours. The
old boys who built this Pyramid did not mean
for it to be ransacked by people like you.

Authors note to players — This is a very
entertaining and very tough adventure. I left
clues everywhere but came up with some in-
genous problems. This one has captivated
people so much that I get calls daily from as
far away as New Zealand and France from
bleary eyed people who are stuck in the
Pyramid and desperate for more clues.

MARS by Rodger Olsen - Your ship crashed-
on the Red Planet and you have to get home.
You will have to explore a Martian city, repair
your ship and deal with possibly hostile aliens
to get home again.

Authors note to players — This is highly
recommended as a first adventure. It is in no
way simple— playingtime normally runs from
30 to 50 hours — but it is constructed in a
more "open" manner to let you try out ad-
venturing and get used to the game before
you hit the really tough problems.

QUEST by Bob Retelle and Rodger Olsen -

THIS IS DIFFERENT FROM ALL THE
OTHER GAMES OF ADVENTURE!!!! It is
played on a computer generated map of
Alesia. You lead a small band of adventurers
on a mission to conquer the Citadel of Moor-
lock. You have to build an army and then arm
and feed them by combat, bargaining, explora-
tion of ruins and temples, and outright ban-
ditry. The game takes 2 to 5 hours to play
and is different each time. The TRS-80 Color
version has nice visual effects and sound. Not
available on OSI. This is the most popular
game we have ever published,

32K TRS 80 COLOR Version $24.95.
Adds a second level with dungeons and
more Questing.

PRICE AND AVAILABILITY:

All adventures are $14.95 on tape. Disk
versions are available on VIC/COMMODORE
and TRS-80 Color for $2.00 additional. $2.00
shipping charge on each order.

Please specify system on all orders
ALSO FROM AARDVARK — This is only a partial list of what we carry. We have a lot of other games (particularly for the
TRS-80 Color and OSI), business programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1.00 for our complete catalog.

AARDVARK
2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088 / (313) 669-3110
Phone Orders Accepted 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.
TRS-80 COLOR TIMEX/SINCLAIR COMMODORE 64

$2.00 shipping on each order

Circle No. 1 Commander May 1983/5

asm s

aaoHji

Telecommander

by Donald L. Starrer
Mercer Island, WA

After the novelty wears off and
you've typed in the simple programs
in the user guide, what do you do with
your new computer? You can (and
should) study the commands and
learn how they relate to the programs
you've entered. In a very short time,
you'll acquire a very respectable
knowledge of BASIC and how it
operates.

However, if you are a typical new
VIC or C-64 owner, "byte boredom"
takes over at some point. Few
newcomers realize it, but the acquisi-
tion of a computer can unlock the door
to an exciting new world. I am not
referring to programming or playing
computer games.

Rather, the "new frontier" is
telecommunications. In other words,
connecting your computer, by means
of the telephone network, to another
computer. You can interact with tens
of thousands of others just like
yourself. The craze is sweeping the
country just like CB did a few years
ago (in fact, there are some remark-
able similarities). You can communi-
cate with another "good buddy," clear
across the country simply by making
a local telephone call. There are also
free dial-up bulletin boards and inex-
pensive national data bases (collec-
tions of information) at the other end
of your telephone wire. More about
these later.

My command of the English langu-
age is simply inadequate to convey the
thrill of computer-to-computer com-
munications. While I consider myself
a jaded computerist, I still get a "kick"
out of keyboarding and trading pro-
grams with someone thousands of
miles away. If you have any doubt
about whether computer telecom-
munications is for you, locate someone
who is already "telecommunicating"
and ask for a demonstration. I have yet

6/Commander May 1983

to find anyone who doesn't like to
show off his communications setup.
Check with your user group or local
computer store. They will refer you to
someone who will be glad to get you
"hooked."

How Does Computer

Telecommunications Work?

To explore this exciting new world,
you will require two items. The first is
called a modem. This device is used
to interface your computer to the
telephone line. The word is a contrac-
tion of the terms modulator and
demodulator.

The purpose of the modem is to
slow down and convert the data bits
racing around inside your computer to
a form that can be sent over the
telephone line. This is accomplished
by converting the ones and zeros into
standardized tone pairs, similar to
what you hear when you press the
keys on your telephone.

The telephone spectrum (300 to
3000 cycles) is divided up into two
sections in order to keep your tones
separated from those of the computer
you are talking to. One pair has a fre-
quency of 2225 cycles (a one) and
2025 cycles (a zero). A second pair is
established at 1 270 cycles (a one) and
1070 cycles (a zero). Thus, you send
one pair of tones, while the computer
you are "talking" to sends the op-
posite pair. The electronic circuitry to
convert the ones and zeros to tones is
called the modulator. If you haven't al-
ready guessed, the circuit to convert
the incoming tones back into ones and
zeros is called the demodulator. The
box which combines both these cir-
cuits is called a modulator-demodula-
tor or modem.

There are two principal types of
modems presently in use. The older
type is called an acoustic coupler. As

the name implies, the incoming and
outgoing tones are coupled into the
telephone line acoustically. This is
done by placing the telephone hand-
set into little rubber cups. Below the
cups (inside the black box) is another
microphone and earphone very similar
to the ones inside your telephone.
While they are now obsolete, acoustic
couplers were quite popular. They do
not connect to the telephone line and,
therefore, did not require approval of
the Federal Communication Commis-
sion.

Because they use acoustics, these
modems are extremely noisy. You can
always hear the whistles and in a quiet
room, the noise is very distracting. Fur-
ther, they pick up noise (such as a
clacking typewriter) which produces
"garbage" in the transmission.

The shortcomings of the acoustic
coupler were overcome with a more
modern type called a direct connect
modem. This device couples to the
telephone line electronically and does
not depend on sound waves. Direct
connect modems are far more sen-
sitive and reliable than the acoustic
type. Fortunately either type uses the
same tone frequencies as those just
discussed. Thus, if you have a direct
connect modem, you can still com-
municate with someone using a "whis-
tle box." As long as both modems are
Bell 103 (or 113) specification compati-
ble, they can communicate with each
other.

There is another technical detail that
you should be familiar with. If you are
telecommunicating with a friend, you
must use the proper tone pairs. For ex-
ample, if you both send on the high
band pair, the signals will "butt heads"
and no communications will result.
One modem must send the 1 270/1 070
pair and receive the 2225/2025 pair.
A modem sending and receiving these

pairs is said to be in the "originate
mode." The other modem must send
the 2225/2025 pair, while receiving the
1 270/1 070 pair and is therefore in the
"answer" mode. The terms have
nothing to do with who originates or
answers the telephone call. The data
bases you call will usually be in the
answer mode. Most of the time you will
leave your modem in the originate
mode.

Incidentally, I should point out that
when one is able to transmit and
receive data at the same time, he is
considered to be operating in the full
duplex mode. There are some univer-
sities and colleges that utilize the half
duplex mode (only one way at a time).
While these are rapidly being replac-
ed, the modem user must be aware of
what type of system he or she is "talk-
ing" to.

Another term that you may have
heard of is called the baud rate, or you
may have seen advertisements
describing 300 baud modems. All Bell
103/113 modems operate at 300
baud. While the definition of the term
baud is somewhat complex for the
beginner, it is sufficient to say that it is
approximately equal to a transmission
speed of 30 characters per second.
Obviously you cannot type this fast.
However, if you were to transfer pro-
grams from say a disk file, this is how
fast the characters would transfer
over the telephone line. Most good
readers can follow a 300 baud
transmission without slowing it down
or pausing the transmission.
What Do I Need For

Telecommunications?
The Commodore Modem— Ob

viously you will need a modem.
Presently, the Commodore modem
provides the best price performance
ratio for your money. For approximate-
ly the cost of 2-3 game cartridges, you
can purchase the Commodore
modem. Their little brown box lacks
the "bells and whistles" that are found
on other modems and it could use a
bit more sensitivity. However, at a dis-
counted price of approximately $89,
it is a real bargain. The folks with more
"pricey" computers pay two to six
times as much for a modem. Personal-

ly, I feel that $89 is a small price to pay
for the key that opens the door to the
exciting new world of telecommunica-
tions.

Software —Earlier, I mentioned that
you will need two items in order to con-
nect your computer to the telephone
network. The second item you will re-
quire is, of course, the software to
make the modem function properly.
You can pay anywhere from $1 0.00 to
$150.00 or more for communications
software. However, to permit you to
keep your communications below
$100, I've included a "dumb" terminal
program along with this month's col-
umn. The term "dumb" means that
you can only communicate from your
keyboard to another computer. There
is no provision for transferring files or
programs. This type of software is call-
ed a "smart" terminal program.
How Do I Get On-Line?

Making The Connection-
Interfacing your computer to the
telephone network is called going "on-
line." Connecting the modem to your
VIC or C-64 is extremely simple. The

device plugs into the user port card
edge connector at the left rear corner
of your computer. The interface to the
telephone line is made by unplugging
the cord from the handset. The pro-
cedure is to dial the computer with
which you wish to communicate.
When you hear their high pitch whis-
tle, unplug the cord from the handset
and plug the free end into the modem.
At this point the little red light should
illuminate, indicating you are receiving
the carrier from the other computer.
Generally, you will want to be in the
"originate" mode, since the majority
of computers you "call up" are in the
answer mode.

Adapters— A word of caution is in
order. If you are in the General
Telephone system, or are serviced by
one of the independents, you may
have a problem using the Commodore
modem. Many telephone handsets
have the cords "hardwired" and they
are not removable. If this is the case
in your home, you will need to pur-
chase an adapter that allows you to in-
terface the modem directly with the
telephone line.

SAVE MONEY ON YOUR VIC20 & C64
ELIMINATE THE VIC/C64 RECORDER

The VIK DUBBER is an

interface which allows you
to connect any standard cas-
sette recorder to the VIC-20
or C64 The VIK DUBBER
contains circuitry which fil-
ters and enhances the data
coming in from the cassette,
providing the most optimum
load possible. The VIK DUB-
V BER also allows you to
connect two cassette re-
corders together to allow
you to make backup cop-
ies of any VIC-20 or C-64 program. No battery required.
$34.95 postpaid. Add $2.50 for shipping outside the US,
Canada, or Mexico. VISA or MASTERCARD welcome.

FOR CHARGE OR C.O.D. ORDERS

1-800-227-3000 TOLL FREE
1-800-792-0990 IN CALIFORNIA
ASK FOR OPERATOR 225

For check order, additional information or service, call or write:

BYTESIZE MICRO TECHNOLOGY

PO BOX 21123- DEPT. A- SEATTLE, WA 98111

(206) 236-BYTE

DEALER INQUIRIES WANTED

Circle No. 4

Commander May 1983/7

By the way, if you would like to use
another type of modem, you can buy
an adapter for this too. You may want
a more elegant modem than the Com-
modore device or, better yet, may be
able to "scrounge" one from a friend
or pick up a bargain acoustic type at
a computer "flea market." Bytesize
Micro Tech (Box 21123, Seattle, WA
98111, telephone (206) 236-BYTE)
makes an adapter that plugs into the
user port and interfaces with most
modems. The adapter provides the
necessary level shifting and polarity
changes to make most modems com-
patible with the VIC or C-64. It also
supports the autodial-autoanswer
functions of the MicroConnection
modem made by The MicroPeripheral
Corp. of Redmond, Wa.
The Dumb Terminal

In order to make your Commodore
work properly in conjunction with the
modem, you will require software or,
as it is commonly called, a terminal
program. The listing in Figure 1 is
about as simple as the program can
be made. You should be able to enter
it on your keyboard and save it on
cassette in approximately 5-1
minutes.

Line 10 opens the communications
channel to the modem. The 38 sets the
baud rate at 300, while the 224 selects
a seven bit word, even parity and one
stop bit. The 14 in line 20 switches to
upper/lower case and the 147 dears
the screen and homes the cursor. To
keep the program simple, I did not op-
timize the screen color. If you would
like to experiment, you can add a
POKE 36879,137 on this line. Try
other numbers instead of the 137 for
different arrangements.

The GOSUB in line 40 branches off
to the. input/output buffer setup routine
between lines 1000 and 1060. Com-
modore does not use the standard
ASCII computer code and it is
necessary to establish translation
tables to convert Commodore to ASCII
(output) and ASCII to Commodore (in-
put). Line 1045 is rather important and
you should understand its significance.
The CONTROL key on the VIC-20
does not permit sending control
characters as one might expect. These

characters are very important when
communicating with various data
bases. Line 1045 redefines function
keys F1 through F4 to transmit Con-
trol C (03), S (19), Q (17) and P (16).
Next month, when we discuss one of
the popular information services, you'll
see why these keys are so important.
Yqu can add additional control
characters for the F5-F8 keys. For ex-
ample, if you wanted to make the F5
key send a bell character (Control G),
you would simply add 0°/o(1 37) = 07.

Once the tables are established, the
screen again clears and prints the
ready indication. The terminal portion
of the program is contained between
lines 210 and 320. Line 210 checks
the modem to see if there is an incom-
ing character. If none is found, the pro-
gram branches to 300 and checks the
keyboard to see if you want to send
a character. If none is found, the pro-
gram bounces back to 210. If a
modem character is found, it is printed
by line 220. If a keyboard character is
found, it is printed by line 310.

Note that the CHR$(1 87) in lines 200
and 220 determine the cursor
character. This number can be chang-
ed if you would prefer a different type
of cursor. By the way, the program will
leave a cursor marker each time a line
feed is received.

I've used more than my allocated
space this month and it's time to shut
down the word processor. Next
month, we'll take a guided tour
through CompuServe Information Ser-
vice, one of the nation's largest infor-
mation utilities. □

DPEN2»2f3»CHR*(38)!CIIR
*< 224 )

PRINTCHR*< 14 >»CHR*< 147)
30 PRINT"LQ'ADING
DATA"

40 G0GUB1000
200

PRINTCHR*< 147 ) + CHR*< 13
H" READY TO GO ON
LINE" :PRINTCHR*( 187 »
210

GET*2 9 A* : IFA$ = " " THEN30

220

PRINTCHR$( 157)JCHR*( 1%
( ASC< A* )))JCHR$( 187 )it
IFIX( ASC( A* ) >=34THENP0
KE212.0
230 G0TO210
300

GETA*tIFA*= ,,,, THEN210
310
PRINT#2»CHR$(0%( ASC< A*

320 G0TO210

1000

DIMIX(255)f0%(255)

1020

FORZ=32T064:OX( Z )=ZtNE

xt:o%( i3)=i3jqz< 20)=o:

0%( 160)^32

1030

FQRZ=65T090:Y=Z+32:OZ<

z)=y:next:forz=91to?5:

0%(Z)=ZtNEXT

1040

F0RZ*193T0218JY=Z-128:

ox(z )=y:next

1045

0Z< 133)=03:0%( 134>--19l

0%( 135>=17:0%( 136)= 16

1050

forz=oto255:y=o%< z ) : if
yo0theni%(y)=z

1060 NEXTJRETURN

o
>

M\tl\ • DISKOMATE

(Write for Price)
A must lor 2040/4040 disk owners Write protect indicators
switches, power indicator anrj error beeper,

• "Real World" SOFTWARE .m ■ S251

Word Processor. Mailing List. Catalog. Ham Radio Frequency Counter

r -"OLD" 8K PETs

| • 21 14- TO- 6550 RAM ADAPTER ,si2-s2 5)

Replace 6550 RAMs with low cost 2 114s. Hundreds Sold! |

• 4K MEMORY EXPANSION isie-seai

Low cost memory expansion using 21 14s tor bigger programs |

OPTIMIZED DATA SYSTEMS ^L

Dept.O- P.O. Box 595 - Placentia. CA 92670 [7^;

DISK O-MATE trademark Optimized Data Systems ■■ PETCBM trademark Commodore

o
>

Circle No. 31

8/Commander May 1983

"■"■■tQflPU 5Ef\J5Ei:.'"

CS1

Quick Brown Fox

The Word Processor of this decade!

$55.00

COMMODORE SOFTWARE
VIC- 1211 A VIC-20 Super Expander $55.00

Everything Commodore could pack into one cartridge - 3K RAM memory expansion,
high resolution graphics plotting, color, paint and sbund commands. Graphic, text,
multicolor and music modes. 1024x1024 dot screen plotting. All commands may be
typed as new BA^lC commands or accessed by hitting one of the VlC's special
(unction keys Includes tutorial instruction book. Excellent (oral) programming leyels.

VIC-1212 Programmer's Aid Cartridge $45.99

More than 20 new BASIC commands help new and experienced programmers
renumber, trace and edit BASIC programs. Trace any program line-by-line as it
executes, pa.use 10 edit. Special KEY command lets programmers redefine function
keys as BASIC commands, subroutines or new commands.

V1C-1213 VICMON Machine Language Monitor $48 99

Helps machine code programmers write fast, efficient 6502 assembly language
programs. Includes one line assembler/disassembler.

GAMES FOR YOUR VIC-20®

CSN Snackman - Better lhan Packman $16.95

CC500 Intruder-Scrambler - in your bomber, invade the 17.95

defending scramble system, dodging rockets, to blow up enemy posts, etc

CS1 Flags Of Nations - A game that challenges players 10.95

to identify flags ofvanous widely-known nations of the world.

CS2 Flags of Nations - Second Edition - a field of 1Q.95

34 flags of lesser known nations of the world

CS3 Cities and States - A game that draws a map ol 1Q.95

a state or states and asks players to name key cities m those stales

CS4 Cities Of the World - Deals with important 10.95

cities of nations throughout the world

CSS Mountains and Rivers - Draws large geographical 10.95

area maps You identify major mountain ranges, rivers & bodies ot water.

CF1 Galactic Blitz 22 95

CF3 Sidewinder 2595

CS3 Centlpod 17.95

CV108 Bomber 8.95

Hangman 8.95

NEW GAMES FOR YOUR C-64

Tank Arcade (AISO for VIC-20) - Pre-determme how many hits $13.95
it will take to wtpe out your opponent. Then, on with the battle! Battlefield changes
Roadracer - Choose the type of track & a time or lap race. Use 13.95

steady control at speeds of 50 to 200 miles per hour Hit the wall & lose valuable time
Shootout at the OK Galaxy (Also for VIC-20) - 30 alien 19.95

warships have entered your warzone. Shields up? Energy level OK? Defend yourself.
Galaxy - Have you ever wanted to conquer the universe" 5 Send 19.95

your galactic fleets out to explore, solar system by solar system From 1 to 20 players
Bomber Attack - Ground to air warfare You're in command 14.95

of a supersonic bomber over enemy terrain Drop all 25 bombs on key locations
Midway Campaign - Your computer controls a huge force of 19.95

Japanese ships trying to conquer Midway Island Your only advantage is surprise
Dnieper River Line - A fictionalized engagement between Russian 25.00

& German forces in 1943 Soviet forces, controlled by the computer, seek to overrun
your line and capture sufficient objectives to attain victory Four levels of difficulty
TanktlCS - Armored combat on the Eastern front of WWII You 24.50

start outnumbered 2 to 1 but you choose your tank types before the battle.
Guns Of Fort Defiance - You are the commander of a 19lh artillery 20.00
piece in a besieged fort Choose type of ammo Set the cannon's elevation, deflection'.

Computer Baseball Strategy - you. the manager of the 15.95

home team, test you skill against a wily and unpredictableopponent.yourcompuier.
Lords Of Karma - Like an intriguing puzzle' Decipher secrets 20.00

while exploring a mythical, magical city & countryside Avoid the lurking monsters!

North Atlantic Convoy Raider - it s the Bismarck convoy 19 .95

raid of 1941' The computer controls the British ships Will you change hislory?-
Planet Miners - Compete against others and the computer to 19.95

stake valuable mining claims throughout the solar system in the year 2050.
Conflict 2500 - In 2500 AD. earth is threatened by attacking 19.95

aliens with an infinite tt of attack strategies with which to tease the defending player.
Nukewar - Nuclear confrontation between two hypothetical 19.95

countries. Defend your country with espionage, bombers, missiles, submarines, etc.
Computer Acquire - New Second Edition 1 The object is 10 20.00

become the wealthiest person in this "business" game - hotel acquisitions & mergers.
Andromeda Conquest - Vast scale space strategy game of 19.95

galactic colonizing and conquest Strange life forms & alien technologies - exciting 1
Telengard - Microcomputer Dungeon Adventure game. Time 25.00

fantasy and role-playing. 50 levels of ever-more complex mazes to explore & survive!

MORE — MORE — MORE

Shipping & Handling Charges:

First two (2) items - $2.00 per item.

Three {3) or more items - $1.00 per item.

For orders over. $100 total, surface shipping will be paid by

CompuSense. Blue Label or special handling will be paid by

the customer.
Additional $2.00 COD. fee on all C.O.D. orders.
MasterCard and Visa accepted. Give card number and expiration

date on order form.
Allow three (3) weeks for personal checks.

TO ORDER:
P.O. Box 18765
Wichita. KS 67218
(316)263-1095

WRITE

FOR

FREE

CATALOG

C-64

Compute

$399.00

VIC-20®

Personal Computer

147.00

VIC-1515

Printer

334.95

VIC- 1530

Datasette

67.50

VIC-1541

Disk Drive

347.00

VIC-1010

Expansion Module

139.95

VIC-1311

Joystick

995

VIC-1312

Game Paddles

19.95

Telephone Modem

99.95

VIC-1210

VIC 3K Memory Expander Cartridge

34.95

Plugs directly

mo the VIC'S expansion port. Expands to 8K RAM totaf.

VIC-1110

VIC 8K Memory Expander Cartridge

52.50

8K RAM expansion cartridge plugs directly into the VIC

CM101

VIC 16K Memory Expander Cartridge

99.95

CM102

24K Memory Expander Cartridge

11995

VIC-1011A

RS232C Terminal Interlace

39.95

Provides interface between the VIC-20 and RS232 telecommunications mod'ems
Connects to VlC's user port.

PETSPEED - Basic Compiler for Commodore 140.00
Compile any Pet Basic program. The only optimizing compiler. Programs compiled

with Petspeed run up to 40 times faster. Peispeed code is uniisiabie and compiled
programs cannot be tampered with No security device required for compiled pro-
grams Available NOW for the Commodore 64

Star Gemini 10 Printer 350.00

Star Gemini 15 Printer 450.00

SND Monitor 347.00

1$K Memory Expander 50 .00

CARDCO

CARDBOARD 6 $87 50

An expansion interface for the VIC-20 Allows expansion to 40K or accepts up to six

games May be daisy chained for more versatility

CARDBOARD 3 35.95

Economy expansion interface for the VIC-20

CARD "?" CARD/PRINT 76.00

Universal Centronics Parallel Printer Interface for the VIC-20 or CBM-64. Use an
Epson MX-80 or OKIDATA or TANDY or just about any other.

CARDETTE 30 95

Use any standard cassette player/recorder with your VIC-20 or CBM-64

LIGHT PEN 29.95

A light pen with six good programs 10 use with your VIC-20 or CBM-64
All CARDCO Products have a lifetime warranty

HOME & BUSINESS PROGRAMS For VIC-20 & C-64

CW-107A Home Calculation Program Pack $48.95

CPV-31 Data Files - your storage is unlimited 14.95

CPV-96 Household Finance Package - to keep records of an 30.95

your household expenses

CPV-208 Bar-Chart - display your numerical data 8.95

CH Turtle Graphics - learn programming 34.95

CH VIC Forth - is a powerful language for BASIC programming 49.95

CH HES MON - is a 6502 machine language monitor with 34.95

a mini-assembler

CH HES Writer - time-saving word processing iool 34.95

CH Encoder - keep your personal records away from prying eyes 34.95

CT-21 Statistics Sadistics - statistical analysis 14.95

CT-121 Total Time Manager 2.0 - creates personal r 15.95

business schedules

CT-124 Totl Label - a mailing list and label program 13.95

CT-125 Totl Text BASIC ~ 15.95

CT-126 Research Assistant - keep track of reference data 17.50

CT-140 Totl Text Enhanced 29.95

CM- 152 GrafiX Designer - design graphic characters 12.95

CQ-5 Minimon - allows you to program, load. save, or execute 13.95
machine language programs

CT-3 Order Tracker 15.95

CT-4 Business Inventory - to maintain record of inventory 15.95

CS Home Inventory - lists your home belongings 17.95

CS Check Minder - (V-20 & 64) 1 4.95

keep your checkbook the right way

General Ledger- a complete general ledger 19.95

HES Writer - word processor 3995
Turtle Graphics II - utilizes the full graphics of your 64 49.95

CHC-504

CHC-503

CHC-502

CHP-102

CFC

CPV-327

HESMON - machine language monitor w/mim-assembler 34.95

Prices subject to change.

VIC-20* is a registered trademark of Commodore CPV-296

Circle No. 9

6502 Professional Development System 29.95

Data Files - a management program 27.95

HESCOM - transfers data and programs bidirection- 40.95

ally between viCs at three times the speed of a disk drive

CPV-328 HESCOUNf - monitors program execution 19.95

CH V HESPLOT - Hi-res graphics subroutines 1 2.95

CTV-367 Conversions - figures, volume, length, weight, area 7.95

and velocity to all possible configurations

CC The Mail - your complete mail program Cassette 24.95

Disk 29 95

CPV-220 Client Tickler 1 6 95

CPV-221 Club Lister 13 95

CPV-224 Depredator 9.95

CPV-236 Investment Analyst - keep track of .nvestments 12.95

and investment opportunities

CPV-251 Present Value 10.95

CPV-269 Super Broker 12 95

CPV-270 Syndlcator - calculates whether to buy or sell 13.95

CPV-274 Ticker Tape - maintains investments profile 14.95

CPV-276 Un-Word Processor- screen editor 16.95

CPV-286 Phone Directory - never lose a phone number again 9.95

CS-1 1 1 Checkbook - home 'utility" program 14.95

CPV-294 Calendar My Appointments - prima calendar 14 .95

for every month in any year

The Budgeter - place your personal finances in order 12.95

Logic Gates:

A Light Technical View

by Howard Rotenberg
Ontario, Canada

Most of us, at some time have used
the logical operators AND, OR and
NOT in our programming. To use
these operators we of course must
know what function it is that they per-
form. This is an obvious deduction;
however, many people who use these
operators have no idea what the actual
technical aspect of them is. It is
because of this that I have decided to
write this article. It will deal lightly with
logic gates to give the non-technical
programmer more of an insight into
what actually occurs within any circuit
when these operations take place.

The three logic gates (as I will now
refer to them) that I have chosen to
deal with are the AND, OR and NOT
gates, as stated earlier. The role of
logic gates is somewhat similar to that
of the role of bricks, concrete and
wood to the building of a house. In
both cases these can be considered
the fundamental building blocks of a
complete system. We may implement
a complete computer system using
only these three building blocks. This,
however, is not feasible, but it remains
a reality. I will not get into semiconduc-
tor theory, however we will touch upon
a bit of the electronics behind these
gates. First, we will just deal with the
mechanical aspects of them.

The OR Gate— Let us consider
turning on a car's dome light. We all
know that this may be done by two
methods. The first way is to open the
front door and the second is by actual-
ly turning on the switch on the instru-
ment panel. In this case there are two
switches involved. If we look at Figure
#1 we can see a simple circuit diagram
which shows this operation. We can
see that there are two switches that are
connected in parallel to a lamp. If we
close switch A or we close switch B the
lamp will be supplied power and turn

1 0/Commander May 1983

on. The key here is of course the
choice of switch A OR B. This setup
of parallel switches is referred to as an
OR gate. Along with the OR circuit I
have shown a few other small dia-
grams. The one I will start with is prob-
ably the most familiar to you. This is the
truth table. I have represented a clos-
ed switch with a T for true and an open
switch with an F for false. By examin-
ing the truth table we can see that the
lamp will be on if either switch A (OR)
switch B is closed. The only condition
that will not actuate the lamp is #1
where both switches are open or false.

This is a representation of a two in-
put OR state, however we are certain-
ly not confined to any particular num-
ber of inputs. The use of switches has
been used to easily show the opera-
tion of the gate. Shortly I will show the
electronic way of doing this, that is
used in today's modern electronic
circuits.

The other two small diagrams above
the truth table are the accepted ways
to show this particular gate. It would
be highly impractical to draw the other
diagrams for every gate you wanted
to show. The first diagram is the in-
dustry standard that you would see on
most schematics. The Institute of Elec-
trical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
approved the symbol shown beside
the more familiar one. You probably
recognize the term IEEE on the dia-
gram that is the short form for the
above mentioned institute.

The AND Gate— The second gate
that I will discuss is the AND gate.
Once again I will show a mechanical
representation of this gate. The use of
T for closed swtich and an F for an
open one remains constant. If we con-
sider a condition that we want two swit-
ches to be pressed for operation,

Figure #2 shows this. Once again we
see two switches connected to a lamp
and a power source. The big dif-
ference this time is that the switches
are connected in series. In order for
the lamp to be turned on both switch
A (AND) B must be closed. If we once
again look at the truth table for the
AND gate we can see that the lamp
will be on only if both switches are
pressed. If only one switch is closed
the circuit is still open and the lamp will
not be turned on.

The logic symbols that represent the
AND gate are shown along with the
mechanical circuit. These two symbols
show a two input AND gate and may
be expanded also to any number of
inputs to accomodate the users
requirements.

The NOT Gate— The NOT gate
(Figure #3) is very often referred to as
an inverter. This is because the output
of a NOT gate is the opposite of the
input. That is to say, if the input is high
(TRUE) then the output is false. I have
shown a circuit that contains what is
called a normally closed switch. This
means that when the switch is NOT
pressed there is electrical contact and
the circuit is closed. We can further in-
terpret the circuit as follows. The lamp
will be on if the switch is NOT press-
ed. The opposite is true when the
switch is pressed. This will break the
electrical circuit and turn the lamp off.
We can state this one more way. The
NOT gate will complement the input.
The truth table provided shows the two
possible conditions for our circuit. With
the input false, the output is true and
with a true input our output is false.

The logic symbols are once again
shown. This gate is restricted to one
input and one output for normal use.

Electronic Gates— While the three
mechanical circuits I have shown may

certainly have their useful applications,
they are highly impractical for any
complex electronic design. Can you
imagine building a computer with
mechanical switches? The speeds and
reliability demanded from today's
computers or other electronic devices
would certainly call for electronic logic
circuits. The most basic ideas of elec-
tronic gates may be realized by the
use of diodes. To go one step further
we should consider the diode as
nothing else but an electronic switch.
Without going into semiconductor
theory, I would like to show how the
diode is used for this method and why
it works.

We will be referring to Figure #4 and
Figure #5 for the following description.
A diode is a semiconductor device that
will pass current only one way. This is
when it is forward biased or anode
positive with respect to the cathode to
put it another way. When this condi-
tion is met the diode acts like a closed
switch. The other situation we may
have is when the diode is reverse bias-
ed or anode negative with respect to
the cathode. When this is the case the
diode acts like an open switch. The
diode cannot pass current unless it is
forward biased so it is an ideal switch.
There is a very big difference however,
since our diode switch is no longer
physically opened or closed, It is now
done by electrically applying a forward
or reverse bias. This brings us a very
large improvement in the switch's
operating speed since the input sig-
nals are no longer mechanical, but
electrical. Figure #4 shows a diode
that is forward biased. The voltages
needed to do this are indicated. The
diode as shown will act like the clos-
ed switch. In Figure #5 the reversed
biased diode is shown along with its
mechanical representation. As you
can see it will now act like an open
switch. More practically, transistors are
used in a small silicon substrate chip
that is put into a small package. Most
integrated circuits are a combination
of diodes, resistors, transistors and
other components fabricated onto a
single chip. We will stay with the diode
for most of our purpose since it is the
least complicated of the two devices.

A Two Input Diode OR Gate— If

we look at Figure #6 we see a two
input diode OR gate along with its cor-
responding truth table. We will assume
that our two inputs A and B may be
either or +5 volts and nothing else.
If we apply + 5 volts to either A or B,
this will forward bias that diode and
current will be able to flow in the cir-
cuit. This in turn will cause a voltage
drop across the resistor R. It doesn't
matter which diode the voltage is ap-
plied to since either will cause a
voltage drop across the resistor. If both
inputs are volts there will be no
voltage drop across the resistor. This
circuit is operationally exactly the same
as the two parallel switches in Figure
#1 . I have now started to use H and
L for the voltage levels in the truth
tables since they will not always be + 5
volts.

We may add as many diodes to the
circuit as we want, depending on our
needs. We can summarize our exam-
ple by saying that a two input OR gate
will produce a high output when one
input OR the other input OR both are
high.

A Two Input And Gate— As before
we will use two diodes and the same
rules for their biasing stand. I would
just like to mention that to put the in-
put at volts we must ground it. Leav-
ing it open (or floating) does not satisfy
a low input.

We will refer to Figure #7 for this next
part. If we put both inputs at a volt
potential (ground them) then the
diodes will be forward biased. This, as
we said before, means that they will
conduct or act like two closed switches
between the output and ground. This
will put the output at nearly our ground
potential which will be low. This is
shown by the truth table. If we follow
the truth table down, we see that for
the second and third case only one
diode is forward biased. This will still
place the output at ground potential
still giving us a low at the output. In the
last case only we find that neither
diodes is forward biased, turned on or
if you want to think of their switch
counterparts, closed. Since the output
is not shorted, but rather connected to
the power supply, the circuit will now
produce a high output.

Once again we may add as many

diodes to the circuit as we want. In
summarizing this two input AND gate
we may say that a 2 input AND gate
will only produce a high output when
BOTH inputs are high.

A NOT Gate— We finally come to
the last basic gate shown in Figure #8.
This is the NOT gate that will be
demonstrated by the use of a tran-
sistor. The function is to complement
the input, i.e. When the input is low the
output is high and when the input is
high the output is low. Since I have us-
ed a transistor it will be a little more dif-
ficult to follow but you may think of the
transistor as two diodes back to back.
If we apply volts to the input, there
will be no base current or no collector
current. This means that the transistor
will act like an open switch. This in turn
means it has no effect on the output
which we have connected to five volts,
therefore it will remain at five volts or
high. The other case we may look at
is when we apply + 5 volts to the in-
put. This will forward bias the transistor
and the output will be connected to
ground through the collector-emitter
circuit. This will now act as a closed
switch leaving the output at ground
level or low. In actuality there will be
a very small voltage drop across the
base emitter junction (.6 volts),
however this is not relevant to our
example.

To summarize the NOT gate we
may say that the inverter will produce
a high output when the input is low
and a low output when the input is
high.

Summary— I believe that a little
knowledge of what goes on inside the
computer or logic gates may be useful
to a non-technical user. If nothing else
I hope it will bring the user a little closer
to what is actually happening in there.
At best I hope it will open some doors
that may inspire you to look into a little
bit of hardware and who knows,
maybe even put together or design
some little peripheral for your com-
puter. Although it seems unreal, the
fact remains that with just nearly the
three logic gates a complete system
may be implemented. The rest is all up
to you.D

Commander May 1983/11

Figure 1

Power
Source

The OR Circuit

Industry
Standard

Switch Closed = T
Switch Open = F

LAMP
On = T
Off = R

IEEE
Standard

OUTPUT

Figure 2

Power
Source

*/.

The AND Circuit
5<

LAMP

OUTPUT

Figure 3

Power
Source

The NOT Circuit A

J ^NORMALLY CLOSED

■*-[> *-[TJ

A OUTPUT

F
T

LAMP

T
F

Figure 4

DIODE

I w*

+ I Andoe Cathodex-N. |_AMP

~r \j) is ° n

Forward
Biased

Same

Closed
Switch

Figure 5

-r

DIODE

9 is

LAMP
off

Reverse
Biased

Same

Open
Switch

Figure 6
A

INPUT

2 Input OR Gate

-o OUTPUT

OUTPUT

Figure 7

INPUT

+ 5V

2 Input AND Gate

-o OUTPUT

OUTPUT

Figure 8

INPUT
o +*/<

+ 5V

COLLECTOR

EMITTER

INPUT

OUTPUT

Universal
Roll Paper Holder

by Louis F. Sander
Pittsburgh, PA

Most printers which take 8Y2" x 1 1 "
sheets will also work with rod paper of
the sort that is widely available for
Teletypes and other machines. In
many applications, the roll paper's low
cost makes it a better alternative than
fanfold or individual sheets. But the
add-on adapters to hold the roll and
feed it to the printer are often costly,
and many dealers don't stock them.
When they are installed, changing
back and forth between rolls and other
types of paper can be a troublesome
chore. This article describes an

using a hand drill can build it in less
than an hour, and the materials should
cost less than $8.00 at any store with
a housewares department.

The picture shows the finished roll
holder. The two rollers are nothing
more than standard kitchen rolling
pins. The ones I used are made by
Ekco, and have a steel center rod with
nylon sleeve bearings; they turn easi-
ly and smoothly, with no bumps or
vibrations. To construct the roll holder,
just make two of the end

*■ — 1%— H*

2V4

1V,e

-5V2-

1V2

Material: 2x2 Construction Lumber

Drill Holes "A" to give tight friction fit with roller rods.

Dimensions are for 1 7 / a diameter rollers.

elegant and inexpensive home-built
roll paper holder which works perfectly
with my Epson MX-80FT and IBM Sel-
ectric printers, and which should work
just as well with many other machines.
One day a friend offered me a
dozen rolls of printer paper in different
widths, just when I needed to buy
another ream of paper for my Selec-
tric. My natural cheapness, and a
reluctance to look a gift horse in the
mouth, combined to inspire the design
of the universal roll paper holder
described here. Anyone capable of

14/Commander May 1983

pieces shown in the drawing, pull the
handles off the rolling pins, and tap the
center rods into the holes in the end
pieces, leaving 1/16" clearance bet-
ween the rollers and the ends. Pulling
off the handles takes only a minimum
of force and twisting, snce they are
held in place by a friction fit. If you
want a finely finished appearance, as
I did, use a hacksaw to shorten the
steel rods so they don't protrude from
the end pieces.

The end pieces are made from
scraps of standard 2x2 construction

lumber. If you are not comfortable
sawing wood, ask the man at your
lumberyard to cut the pieces to length
for you, and he should oblige. If he
doesn't, take your business elsewhere.
If your rolling pins have a different
diameter than mine, you may have to
alter the dimensions of the end pieces
accordingly. Just be sure the rollers
clear the table and the top surface of
the end pieces, so your paper will be
able to turn freely.

That's all there is to the construction
of the roll holder, and there's not much
more to its use. Just set the holder in
the proper place behind your printer,
lay the paper on it, and feed the end
into the printer. If the holder is parallel
to your platen, nothing should bind up
or get out of line. Changing rolls could
not be simpler, and the holder can
handle rolls of any width or diameter—
am currently using a very large roll that
was intended for an obsolete copy
machine.

The inertia of a heavy roll of paper
may cause an occasional line feed
problem, as it did with my Selectric—
the line feed mechanism just wasn't
designed to pull a ten-pound roll, even
if it is supported on a low-friction
holder. I overcome that problem by
manually unwinding several feet of
paper and letting it drape off the desk
behind the roll holder. Every five
pages of printing I have to repeat the
process, but that is by no means a
burdensome chore.

All in all, this holder has been a
perfect solution to my need for roll
paper capability, and I hope it will be
the same for yours.

At the very least, it will be a nice new
piece of furniture for your computer
room, built without glue, screws, or
nails, and handcrafted entirely by
you.D

Mill

with Quick
Brown
Fox

by Colin F. Thompson
Santa Monica, CA

Business software for a game
machine? A contradiction in terms?
Yes, for some other brands of com-
puters. Not so for the VIC. The VIC is
a powerful computer, whether you use
it for games or business. You don't
have a business, you say? Think of
your home like it's a small business.
You have bills to pay, letters to write,
taxes to file, and a budget to figure.
That's exactly the kind of work the
computer is best at. You can use
business software in your home to
manage your money and paperwork.
Many high quality, low cost business
programs are released each month. I'll
be reviewing the best of them, and tell-
ing you, in plain English, how they
work, how I use them in my office and
what I like and dislike about them.

Business software can be divided
into four general catagories: Word Pro-
cessing, Money Management,
Spreadsheets, and Data Base Man-
agement. Your VIC can do all these
functions and more. This month we will
look into word processing and see
what life is like, Living With a Quick
Brown Fox.

QUICK BROWN FOX (QBF) was
originally developed three years ago
for the Ohio Scientific microcomputer.
While residing there, it was de-
bugged, groomed, and perfected. The
OS and VIC have one thing in com-
mon: a 6502 microprocessor chip is
the heart of each. This allowed the OS
version to be modified for use in the
VIC and C-64. So you see, QBF is a
mature piece of software. That maturity

first attracted me to QBF. I hoped it
would be bug free. It nearly is.

After opening the sturdy cardboard
shipping container, I was delighted to
see a professionally produced instruc-
tion manual. This is the best looking,
most comprehensive manual I have
seen for VIC software. As an ex-Apple
user, I learned to expect manuals like
this with the $300 software packages
I used. I like the size. It's a full 8V2X1 1
inches, in a three ring binder. I wish
all manuals were this size. The binder
comes in a heavy cardboard housing,
similar to housings for fine books. In-
side is a sealed envelope, containing
QBF, which tells you to read the
manual before breaking the seal. If,
after reading the manual you find QBF
is not what you want, you may return
it for a full refund. This excellent policy
is one I would like to see other com-
panies offer. QBF comes as a car-
tridge, which plugs into the expansion
port on the right rear of the VIC. I didn't
plug it in right away. I read the
manuals first, and then try it. I've had
too many adventures doing it the other
way around.

By the Book

The manual is divided into two parts.
The pocket notes are six pages long,
outlining the difference between the
VIC and C-64 versions. They also ex-
plain the "File Clerk" functions. The
File Clark is the part of QBF that talks
to the disk drive and Datasette, allow-
ing you to easily save your Text Files.
Text Files are a clever way to describe

the documents you write on QBF. Text
Files can be letters, forms, manuscripts
or any kind of document that you gen-
erate. The rest of the manual runs 50
pages and is written in the style of a
tutorial. It assumes you have no prior
knowledge of either the VIC or word
processing. Accompanying the man-
ual is a cassette tape with training files
for you to practice on. After reading
the pocket notes, I began the tutorial
on page one.

Firing It Up

Though QBF needs no extra
memory, it can use up to 1 6K of RAM
memory, if you have it. Mega-memory
buffs will find that QBF resides in block
3 ($6000 to $7FFF). What that means,
in English, is that a 24K RAM card
can't be used. Guess who has a 24K
card. Right. For serious business use,
I recommend adding an 8K or 16K
card. Since I like having as much
memory as possible, I plugged in my
4K RAM card, made by OEM, Inc.,
and fired it up. It's very easy to get run-
ning. You pull the Fox's tail by typing
SYS 24576 and hitting return. The pro-
gram uses only 1024 bytes of your
precious memory. QBF then asks how
many columns are displayed on your
screen. Like most of you, my screen
has 22 columns across. If you have
added a Video Pack, expanding your
screen to 40 or 80 columns, QBF will
handle that nicely. The screen turns
black, and in white letters, the Fox
greets you.

The main menu displays a list of 1 2

Commander May 1983/15

options. Each option is activated by a
single keystroke. As I worked my way
through the tutorial, 1 found myself
chuckling. This was the word pro-
cessor I had been looking for. I rarely
get excited when trying out new pro-
grams. This one out-performed my ex-
pectations. I have used many word
processors on my VIC, and found they
ranged from awful to acceptable.
From the start, I knew QBF was light
years better than others I'd tried. Why?
Three reasons come to mind: Speed,
speed, and more speed. QBF doesn't
keep me waiting when I ask it to per-
form. It doesn't get in the way of
writing. Since I was already familiar
with word processing, I had no pro-
blems learning its powerful features.
For those of you new to word process-
ing, the manual will step you through
the learning process quite rapidly. I
say this with some certainly because
I gave the manual to my secretary,
Dawna, and turned her loose on the
VIC. She immediately found an error
that I missed on page four of the
manual. On that page, wherever it
says Left-Arrow, it means Cursor Left.
The left arrow located at the top left of
your keyboard has a completely dif-
ferent function under QBF. It is used
as the Escape Key. Pressing this Key
allows the user to change functions or
change his mind. It's very handy. After
this minor snag, she progressed
quickly.

Letters from the Editor

Besides speed, the most noticeable
difference between QBF and other
word processors I've used is the
editor. The editor is the part of the pro-
gram that looks at the keystrokes you
enter and then acts on them. It's like
a referee. The editor checks to make
sure you type in legal commands, or
valid data, and then causes the rest of
the program to act on the commands
or store the data. Most editors come
in one of two flavors: line editors and
full screen editors. The VIC has a full
screen editor built in. When you are
writing a program, the cursor can be
moved to any position on the screen
to make changes. That is a full screen
editor. If you could make changes only
on the line that cursor resides, you

16/Commander May 1983

would have a line editor. There are ad-
vantages to both types. Editing on
QBF requires placing the cursor over
the character you want to change and
hitting one key. (I for Insert, R for
Replace, D for Delete, etc). Besides
having line editor, QBF also has Global
Editor. It allows you to search
and replace any word or letter in the
text. After you read the manual, and
learn the commands, you will realize
that the editors are the most powerful
features of QBF. There is an advan-
tage to expanding your screen past
the 22 column standard. C-64 users
will find they have nearly 40 characters
they can edit without leaving the editor,
VIC users have about half that. I tried
a VIC running a Data-20 80 column
board with QBF at COMDEX last year.
Those extra 58 columns are helpful in
many respects. The biggest advan-
tage of having 80 columns is in the
View mode. QBF allows you to view
your document on the screen, format-
ted as if it was being printed on the
printer. With 80 columns, you get a
clear picture of how your text will look
on paper. If you take your word pro-
cessing seriously, you should consider
an 80 column board.

Earning Its Keep

The first useful document I produc-
ed on QBF was a list of the control
codes that make my trusty NEC
8023A printer turn on its bells and
whistles. I suggest you do the same
thing when you get QBF running. It
saved my sanity. QBF works with any
printer, and doesn't care which chan-
nel the printer is attached to. You can
easily insert printer control codes into
the body of your text. If you use QBF
and an NEC 8023A printer on your
system, I'll send you that control code
list. Just send a SASE and mark
"NEC" on the envelope. I believe I've
mentioned how fast QBF is. That light-
ning speed continues when printing.
It drives my 100 cps printer flat out.

OK. So it's a great word processor.
But what does it DO? It saves a lot of
time, that's what. A typical business let-
ter requires me to write it out in
longhand, have Dawna type a rough
draft and then I correct it. With QBF,
I type the letter directly into the com-

puter, make all the changes it needs
and print it on the printer. Dawna only
sees the finished letter exactly as I
want it. She never has to decypher my
handwriting, and only types the letter
once, not 2 or 3 times. On a letter
quality printer, she could print the let-
ter directly onto letterhead and retire
the Selectric. Personal letterwriting also
benefits. I find myself writing many
more letters to my friends, simply
because it's so easy.

Each month our office sends out
hundreds of form letters. When a
reader marks a magazine "bingo
card," asking for information about our
products, we send him a form letter
telling him how wonderful our wigits
are, and direct him to the nearest retail
dealer. Our dealers love the sales
leads and our sales rise, just because
we use QBF. I'm a Tech Rep in a high-
tech industry. One of my jobs is to
write training manuals. These manuals
have an average lifetime of three
months. Fast moving technology re-
quires them to be frequently updated.
QBF is making that dreaded job a
breeze.

I promised to tell you what I like and
dislike about QBF. The dislike list is
mercifully short. When Viewing my
document on a 22 column screen,
QBF sometimes forgets that I have
only 23 lines on the screen and flashes
up all 66 lines. I tend to use the printer
instead of View mode to see how the
document looks. The 80 column VIC
Viewed perfectly. My biggest gripe is
about the manual's index. There isn't
one.

Entering the Fox's Lair

Curious as to why this well done
manual lacked an index, I called Ed
Moran, National Marketing Manager
of QBF. He quickly assured me that an
index is being prepared and the
miscues on page four are being rec-
tified. The manual is going through a
minor revision and will soon be
indexed.

"What about that Viewing pro-
blem?", I asked.

"What Viewing problem?", he
replied.

It seems I'm the first one to com-
plain. He promised his Tech Support

people would look into it. I'll let you
know what they find.

The Fox works on the C-64 much as
it does on the VIC. There are three ad-
vantages using the C-64 version. After
loading the program, the C-64 has
nearly 38K of working storage. The 40
column screen is a little easier to edit,
and the File Clerk allows disk copying.
The Copy feature is one I wish the VIC
version had. Both versions work with
disk or tape, and can send files to
another QBF/VIC via modem. At $65,
I heartily recommend it.

Next month we examine the chicken
that laid the golden egg as we raid the
TOTL Software henhouse. Oh yes,
there is one thing I do with Quick
Brown Fox . . . Write this column. D

Companies mentioned: Quick
Brown Fox, 548 Broadway, New York,
NY 10012, (212)925-8290; OEM, Inc.,
2729 South US 1, Suite 12, Fort
Pierce, FL 33450, (305) 465-9363;
Data 20 Corporation, 2031 1 Moulton
Parkway, Suite B1 0, Luguna Hills, CA
92652, (714) 770-2366. D

Printer Codes for Quick Brown Fox & NEC 8023A

Dot Printer

#nQ27N 10 cpi Pica. . , , ABCDEFghijkl12345

#nQ27E 12 cpi Elite ABCDEFghijkl 12345

#nQ27Q 17 cpi Condensed ABCDEFghijkl12345

#n027P Proportional ABCDEFghijkIl2345

#n027! Enhanced ABCDEFghijkl12345

#n<227 ;J Enhanced off ABCDEFghijkM 2345

#n014 Enlarged ABCDEFghijkM 2345

#n015 Enlarged off ABCDEFghijkM 2345

#n«27X Underline ABCDEFghijkM 2345

#n<Z£7Y Underline off ABCDEFghijkM 2345

#nG£7A 6 Lines per Inch

#n(227B 8 Lines per Inch

Printing Sizes
Ch/Line

Ch/lnch

Remarks

.136... .17 Condensed

. 68.... &5 Condensed Enlarged

. 80. ...10 Pica

. 40.... 5 .Elite Enlarged

. 96.. ..12 Elite

. 48.... 6 Elite, Enlarged, Proportional

Microworld Electronix ASCII Convenor MW802

Set all switches OFF for use with Quick Brown Fox.

STCP

Standard Terminal Communications Package

•PFO'IOD OOA CP<D1>02 BELL = 12 30 00 10 14 36

Don 'I sette (or non-standard Communications Protocol!
Access Micro Net. Source. Bulletin Boards, Local Main-
frame, etc.

• Complete Package - Includes RS232 Inter-
lace Board and software (does not include
modem)

• Communicates in Industry Standard ASCII

• Upload/Download to/from Disk

• Automatic File Translation

• Can be controlled from keyboard or user sup-
plied basic or machine language program

Specify: 3.0 or 4 ROMS or 8032 Commodore Computer
4040 or 8050 or PEDISK II Disk

Price: $129.95

ATARI AND PET
EPROM PROGRAMMER

Programs 2716 and 2532 .r^

EPROMs. Includes hardware !
and software. PET = $75.00 -
ATARI {includes sophisticated
machine language monitor} =
$119.95

Prowrner Printer - Excellent dot matrix print Parallel = W89 00
Serial = $600 00 IEEE = $589 00

VIC RABBIT CARTRIDGE

"High-Speed

Cassette

Load and Save!"

$39.95

(includes Cartridge

and Manual)

Expansion Connector

"Don't waste your Life away waiting to LOAD and SAVE

programs on tassete Deck."

Load or Save 8K in approximately 30 seconds! Try

it — your Un-Rabbitized VIC takes almost 3 minutes.

It's not only Fast but VERY RELIABLE.

Almost as fast as VIC Disk Drive! Don't be foolish —

Why buy the disk when you can get the VIC Rabbit

for much, much less!

Easy to install -it just plugs in.

Expansion Connector on rear.

Works with or without Expansion Memory.

Works with VIC Cassette Deck.

12 Commands provide other neat features.

Also Available for 2001 , 4001 . and 8032

TRAP 65

TRAP 65 is a hardware device that

plugs into your 6502's socket. Prevents

execution of ummplememed opcodes

and provides capability to extend the

machines' instruction set.

ForPET/APPLE/SYM.

Reduced from $149 95 to $69.95

DC Hayes Sman Modem = S235 00
DC Hayes Micro Modem ll = $289 00

Rana Disk Drive - 375
4 Drive Controller - 114

More than just an Assembler/Editor!

It's a

Professionally

Designed

Software

Development

System

MAE

for

PET

APPLE

^ATARI

Blast off with the software used on the space
shuttle project!

■ Designed to improve Programmer Producirvity.

• Similar syntax and commands - No need to retearn peculiar
syntaxes and commands when you go from PET to APPLE
10 ATARI

• Coresident Assembler/Editor - No need to load the Editor then the
Assembler then the Editor, etc

• Also includes Wtord Prxessor. Relocating Loader, and much
more

• Options. EPROM Programmer, unimptemenied opcode circuitry

• STILL NOT CONVINCED: Send lor tree spec sheel!

5% INCH SOFT
SECTORED DISKETTES

Highest quality. We use them on
our PETs, APPLEs, ATARIs, and other
computers. $22.50/10 or $44.50/20

EPROMS 2716 = $6 50 2532 = $12 50

Over 40 Commodore Programs by Baker (on 40*0) = $25 00

3239 Linda Dr.
Winston-Salem, N.C. 27106
(919)924-2889 (919)748-8446
Send for free catalog!

MMQSTVfvrOra

Circle No )A

Commander May 1983/17

Commodore 64

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

MASS STORAGE:

High Performance FLOPPY DISK
PEDISK directly transfers data to computer memory. This and the
250000 bps transfer rate means performance up to 1 times faster than
q ogrjoi hijs disk

Model C340-2 Dual 3'. . . $995.00 ModelC877-1 Singled. . . $1095.00
Model C540-2 Dual 5'... $895.00 Model C877-2 Dual 8' ...$1695.00

80 COLUMN VIDEO:

Screenmaker so column video board $159.95

Give the 64 a screen full of characters. Screenmaker gives a complete
set of characters (80X24) in a 2K Video RAM. Software to link the system
is included.

WORD PROCESSING:

CO PY-WR ITE R Professional Word Processor $1 45.00

The next logical step in the evolution of Word Processors. Copy-Writer
has the features found in the best and more. Double columns, shorthand,
the works!

COMMUNICATIONS:

COM PAC K Intelligent Terminal Package $1 29.95

A complete communications control center- record/read to/from disk-
convert files ASCII, BASIC, BINARY, MAE - print incoming data. Complete
with software, port board and cable.

LANGUAGES:

fuIIFORTH+ enhanced fig Forth for Commodore 64... $100.00
Strings, floating point, editor, conditional assembler, interpreter, and
more are included in fullFORTH +. Target Compiler is also available for
$50.00

KMMM PASCAL forCommodore64byWilserve.... $85.00
One of the newest HL languages, KM MM PASCAL is a true compiler that
generates machine code from PASCAL source. . . FAST! Editor, Compiler,
Translator included.

UTILITIES:

Copymaker single disk backup routine $30.00

Copymaker allows a 1 541 owner to quickly backup an entire floppy disk
on ON ED RIVE! Simple swap prompting and full use of memory make this
easy to use and essential for any disk owner.

MAE Macro Assembler Editor from EHS $ 99.95

MAE has become the standard of the 6502 industry by providing the
power and ease of use needed by the best assembly programmers. MAE
is a complete development system including a word processor and lots
of source goodies.

M ICRO T ECH is your complete 64 center. Dealer inquiries invited.

cgrs i

MICROT

P.O. BOX 102

LANGH0RNE,PA 19047
215-757-0284

Packing

The Commodore relative file format
is somewhat easy to use; that is, if
you're working with strings. Storing
numeric data can become somewhat
cumbersome since they must be con-
verted to strings beforehand then con-
catenated with commas as delimiters.
Reading the record fields back to
numeric data can become even more
of a headache as the strings must be
separated properly and converted to
real numbers. When the size of the
records exceeds 80 characters it
becomes even more painful to read
them from the file. Here is a small
machine language routine which will
help overcome most of these
problems.

Basically what this routine will do is
either write or read a single dimension
array of numbers to or from a pre-
viously opened relative file. The num-
bers are basically written to the file in
floating point format. Since each num-
ber requires only 5 bytes we can write
up to 50 numbers on a single record
with a maximum length of 254. When
a record is read from the file it transfers
directly to the memory assigned to the
designated array so no further manip-
ulations are required.

Care must be taken however that
the record length is long enough to
hold the array. With a record size of
254 a dimensioned array of 49 is max-
imum allowed.

NOTE: This program is designed to
work with BASIC 4.0 only.

Another limitation is that the entire
array must be read or written at once.
Trying to write a smaller array where
a larger array was previously written
will cause all of the old data to be lost
so one should take care to read and
write the same size array to a given file.
Reading only the lower portion of an

18/Commander May 1983

Circle No. 6

Arrays Into Relative

by Paul Donato

Files

Sudburg, Ontario, Canada

array, however, should present no

READY.

problems.
The basic program shown pokes

5 REM POKE MACHINE CODE INTO FIRST CASSETTE BUFFER

the machine language routine into the

10 F0RI=634T0745:READX:P0KEI,X:NEXTI

first cassette buffer at 027a. Line 100

20 DATA32,245, 190,32, 152, 189, 165,68, 133,0, 165

dimensions a and b to their maximum

30 DATA69, 133, 1,56, 165,68,233, 1, 133,68, 165,69

permitted size for a file of recordsize

40 DATA233, 0,133, 69, 160, 0,177, 68, 133, 2, 24, 42, 42

254. It is important that the numbers

50 DATA101, 2, 133, 2, 32, 245, 190, 32, 152, 189, 32, 45

are dimensioned correctly or the pro-

60 DATA201 , 165, 18, 240, 3, 76, 0, 191 , 165, 17, 133, 210

gram will fail. Line 110 creates 50 ran-

70 DATA170, 96, 32, 122, 2, 32, 201, 255, 160, 0,177, 0,32

dom numbers in the array A(49) and

80 DATA210, 255, 196, 2, 240,4, 200, 76, 192, 2, 32, 204, 255

line 120 opens a relative file called

90 DATA96, 32, 122,2,32,198,255,160,0,32,228,255,145

'TFLE' which is set up with records of

95 DATAO, 196, 2, 240, 4, 200, 76, 217, 2, 32, 204, 255, 96

254 bytes. Line 130 writes the array

97 REM

a(49) to record #1 of the file. Line 140

98 REM NOW CHECK THE PROGRAM

writes that same record into the array

99 REM

b(49). Line 150 prints out both arrays

100 DIMA(49),B<49)

to see if they are equal.

110 F0RI=0TQ49:A(I)=RND(0):NEXTI

The syntax of the machine language

120 D0PEN#1,"TFLE",D0,L254

call is SYS696,A(0),1. The first mem-

130 REC0RD#1,1:SYS696,A<0),1

ber of the array we wish to transfer

140 REC0RD#1,1:SYS721^B(0),1

must appear after the first comma. It

150 F0RI=0T049:PRINTA<I),B(I):NEXTI

must always have a zero in the brac-

160 DCL0SE#1

kets. The 1 following the next comma

READY.

is the logical file number that is open

and that we wish to transfer to. This

can be any valid value. The read por-

PC IRQ SR AC XR YR SP

tion syntax is identical but is called at

. ; B780 724D 3A 9E 35 34 FA

location 721.

You will find that any limitations in us-

: 027A 20 F5 BE 20 98 BD A5 44

ing this routine are more than offset by

: 0282 85 00 A5 45 85 01 38 A5

the speed at which the transfers will

: 028A 44 E9 01 85 44 A5 45 E9

occur. □

: 0292 00 85 45 AO 00 Bl 44 85

: 029A 02 18 2A 2A 65 02 85 02

: 02A2 20 F5 BE 20 98 BD 20 2D

: 02AA C9 A5 12 FO 03 4C 00 BF

: 02B2 A5 11 85 D2 AA 60 20 7A

j^H m m\ ^HlM Wk ^B^^flpS

: 02BA 02 20 C9 FF AO 00 Bl 00

: 02C2 20 D2 FF C4 02 FO 04 C8

EHUhI ^r

;^gT)

: 02CA 4C CO 02 20 CC FF 60 20

llnplJB |jp"^w

: 02D2 7A 02 20 C6 FF AO 00 20

: 02DA E4 FF 91 00 C4 02 FO 04

: 02E2 C8 4C D9 02 20 CC FF 60

: 02EA FF 00 FF 00 FF 00 FF 00

W*«Mill

Commander May 1983/19

An Introduction to Assembly Language
Programming on the VIC-20

Part V— Branches and Comparisons

by Eric Giguere
Peace River, Alberta, Canada

Last month I introduced you to the
concept of loading and storing the
6502's registers. Let's review these
concepts. LDA, LDX and LDY are the
instructions that tell the computer to
load a value into the accumulator, X-
register, and Y-register, respectively.
The opposites of these are STA, STX
and STY, which will store the values of
the registers into memory. Along with
each of these instructions there must
be either a value of an address, so that
the computer knows where to get
(load) or put (store) the specified
register. This is the addressing mode
discussed in Part III. (See Example 1)

when programming from monitor, as
the computer could jump to the wrong
address if you store it in high-byte, low-
byte format. Of course, those of you
with an assembler (like my EDIT/ASM)
or at least a one-line assembler/
disassembler (like the VIC-MON cart-
ridge) don't have to worry about this,
as it is done automatically.

Comparisons: The IF of
Assembly Language

Now that we can load values into the
registers, it'd be nice to be able to do
something with it other than storing it.
This is where the comparison instruc-
tions of the 6502 come in. There are

LDA #$01 —loads the accumulator with the value $01

STA $E2— stores it in memory location $E2

LDX $7F— loads the X-register from location $7F

STX $8000— stores it at $8000(32768)

LDY SIEBF.X— loads the Y-register with the value it finds at location

($1EBF + value of X-reg.)
STY $00— stores it at location $00

On their own, these commands can-
not do very-much, except change the
values of some locations, as was ex-
plained last month. But this month we'll
learn about branches and compari-
sons, and how we can use them for
practical things.
Addresses

Before going on with this month's
topic, I want to make a comment about
the way memory addresses are stored
in memory, because it confuses peo-
ple. The 6502 chip (and 6510) stores
addresses in reverse order from
which they're read. This means that
the address $1E2F will be stored in
two bytes of memory as 2F 1 E, instead
of 1E 2F. This is often referred to as
low-byte, high-byte format, as the
lower (rightmost) byte— in this case
$2F— is stored before the higher byte
($1E). This should be remembered

three of them: one for each register.
CMP is used for the accumulator,
while CPX and CPY are used for the
X- and Y-registers (CMP is the most
powerful— it has the most addressing
modes). What these instructions do is
compare the value of the specified
register against that of a memory loca-
tion. It sets some flags in the status
register against that of a memory loca-
tion. It sets some flags in the status
register (explained below) according
to the results of the comparison, while
leaving the register itself intact, which
means that you don't have to reload
the value into the register. (See Exam-
ple 2 for comparison sample.)

This example will load the accumu-
lator from $3F and then compare it to
the value $0D. The space is left for a
branch statement, which we'll discuss
later. We could have made the exam-
ple different by using LDX. ..CPX or
LDY... CPY. It would have had the
same effect, but would use the X- or
Y-register instead. As it is written, the
CMP will set or clear some flags de-
pending on whether or not certain con-
ditions are present. These flags are
then used by an appropriate branch
statement, for which I left a space. The
LDA $F6 is there for no particular
reason other than to show that the pro-
gram continues if the branch is not
taken. So basically, the compare in-
struction acts like the IF in BASIC. It
checks to see if a branch (like THEN
GOTO) can take place or not.

The Status Register

In Part III I mentioned that the 6502
also had another register, called the
status register, that was useful in
making comparisons. This register
(abbr. P— for Processor Status
Register) is really nothing but a single
byte wired to use its bits as flags (in-
dicators). Figure 1 gives a represen-
tation of the status register and what
each bit represents.

The status register reflects the "con-
dition" of the last operation perform-
ed by the microprocessor, if it was
capable of changing the P register. If
there was a carry, the C flag (bit 0) is
set. If the last operation resulted in a
zero, the Z flag (bit 1) is set— otherwise
it is reset to 0. Going through the rest:
the I flag enables or disables inter-

LDA $3F— load accumulator from location $3F
CMP #$0D— compare to the value SOD (13)

—space for branch statement

LDA $F6— continue with program

20/Commander May 1983

rupts; the D flag indicates the decimal
mode; the B flag that a break (BRK)
instruction was executed; the V flag
that there was an overflow; and the S
flag that the byte is negative or
positive. Only the S, V, Z and C flags
are used by branch instructions; the
rest represent conditions. Don't con-
cern yourself with what each flag is
used for— it will all be explained in due
time. All you have to understand is the
idea behind the status register.
Branches: Powerful
THEN Statements

Now that we can set flags in the
status register, we need to use them
somehow. This is where branches
come in. A branch is an instruction to
the microprocessor to jump forward or
backward a specified number of bytes
if a certain condition in the status
register is met. That condition
depends on the branch instruction
itself, of which there are eight. (See Ex-
ample 3 for listing.)

BCC-
BCS-
BEQ-
BNE-
BMI-
BPL-
BVC-
BVS-

-branch on carry clear
-branch on carry set
-branch if equal (Z flag = 1)
-branch if not equal (Z flag~0)
branch if negative (minus)
-branch if positive (plus)
-branch on overflow dear
-branch on overflow set

As you can see, each branch has an
opposite, such as BCC and BCS. An
instruction like BNE $03 would cause
the chip to jump three bytes ahead if
the last comparison was between two
unequal (not equal) values. We could
use the opposite if we wished— it
would then be BEQ $03— but this
would cause the chip to jump three
ahead only if the last values compared
were equivalent. Thus you can pro-
gram branches for any number of
possible situations.

Signed Numbers

As I mentioned, a branch instruction
allows you to either jump backwards
or forwards. Alas, the range is not
unlimited, and must be able to fit in-
side on byte. (Each branch takes two
bytes— one for the instruction itself,
and the other for the value to jump).
So we could assume that the most it
could jump was 255, or $FF— right? (A

byte only holds up to 255). This would
normally (isn't there anything normal?!)
be right, except for one small problem:
there is no way to tell if you want to go
backward or forward. So some smart
person came up with the idea of using
one bit of the value to jump as a flag
to indicate this. The leftmost bit (bit 7)
was chosen to do so. This means that
the range of a branch instruction is
limited to + 1 27 to - 1 28. This should
be kept in mind, otherwise your
system could crash.

Right now you're probably wonder-
ing how we can represent negative
values in binary so that the computer
could understand what we mean. Lets
examine a byte:

bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1111111

Bit 7 is our positive/negative flag,
and since it is zero, we will exclude it
from our calculations. Thus the byte
represents the number 127 decimal
(2 6 + 2 5 + 2 4 + 2 3 + 2? + 2 1 + 2° = 1 2 7) .
This is the limit of our positive numbers
since adding one would clear bits to
6 and set bit 7, which would mean the
byte is negative. In any case, the
numbers to 127 (0 is considered
positive in assembly language) take up
the first 128 possible combinations in
a byte. Since a byte can hold from
to 255, there are still another 128 posi-
tions left unfilled (0 to 255 = 256 posi-
tions, minus 128=128). These are
negative values since they all have the
high bit (bit 7) on, and thus also repre-
sent a value of 128 or greater (ignor-
ing the sign). Following the pattern of
positive numbers, you'd probably
expect

10
to represent - (negative zero) since
the sign bit is the only one on. In fact,
that's quite wrong. The value
10000000 binary represents -128,
not -0. How did we get this? You
simply take the negative number and
add it to 256. Doing this with - 128,
we show it as:
256

+ ( - 1 28) add neg. value

128 resultant ($80 hex)

The resultant is $80, or %1 0000000.
The number - 20 could then be calcu-
lated as:

256

+ (- 20)

226 ($E2)

In binary this would be:

1110 0010

Similarily, - 1 would be:

256

+ (- 1)

255 ($FF)

11111111

The whole range of signed

numbers

goes something like this:

+ 127 o/o01 111111

$7F

+ 126 o/o0 1111110

$7E

%00000001

$01

%00000000

$00

%1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

$FF

-127 %1 0000001 $81

-128 %1 0000000 $80

I realize that this may be confusing,

but it is probably the easiest way to

represent signed numbers in one byte.

It's Relative

One nice thing about branches is
that they are relative, which means it
will execute properly no matter where
it's put in memory (some instructions
must always be changed). For exam-
ple, if you put a BEQ.$0F at location
$033C (the cassete buffer), and then
moved it to $03FC, it would still cause
the chip to jump 15 ($0F) ahead, re-
gardless of its present position. It's all
relative to the chip's present position,
which is why branches are also called
"relative branches."
Using Branches with
Assemblers

Using branches on an assembler is
a lot easier than with a monitor. All you
have to do is specify the target label
of the line you wish to go to, and the
branch will be automatically calculated
if within the correct range. The same
sort of thing is done with the VICMON
cartridge. You specify the target ad-
dress (such as BNE $1201), and if it's
within the proper range (-128 to
+ 127), it will automatically place the

Commander May 1983/21

proper value into memory. When you
disassemble it, it will also give you the
address, just so that you don't have to
figure out that BNE SAD means to
jump back 83 bytes. I just wanted to
make this clear so that you don't get
confused.
Branch if Equal . . .

The first branch we'll look at is BEQ,
meaning branch if equal. Upon receiv-
ing this instruction, the chip checks to
see if the Z flag in the status register
is set. If it is, it branches; otherwise it
continues with the next instruction. An
example of this would be:

START LDA #$03
CMP #$FF
BEQ SKIP
LDX #$2D

SKIP LDY $FD

The accumulator will be loaded with
$03 and then compared to $FF (255).
Since they are not equal, the Z flag is
set to 0, and the BEQ test fails, and it
executes the LDX #$2D. Naturally, this
is bad coding, since the accumulator
will never contain $FF, but I just
wanted to give you a demonstration of
using the branch after a compare.
Setting the Z Flag

The Z flag is probably the one set
most often. Loading or affecting the
contents of a register in any way what-
soever will either set or clear the Z flag,
depending if the new contents of the
register equals zero or not. Thus if you
do a LDA #$00, the Z flag will be set,
since the register now holds a value
of zero. A compare also sets the Z flag
if both items being compared are
equal— otherwise it is cleared to zero.
So testing for a zero value does not
necessarily need a compare, since a
BEQ statement would work just as well
without it.
Branch if Not Equal . . .

The opposite of BEQ is BNE, branch
if not equal, and this is usually the
more common of the two since it is
used in loops, explained below. BNE
tests to see if the Z flag is cleared (0),
and if it is, causes the chip to branch
to the specified address. An example
would be:

LDA $3B

CMP #$EB

BNE CONTINUE

CONTINUE LDA#$FF

If the value in $3B does not equal

$EB, then it will branch to the code
with the label CONTINUE. Otherwise
it will continue with the code after the
branch.

Loops

Loops in assembly language are not
very hard to program, and can be very
handy. The following is an example of
a loop:

LDY#$FF

LOOP1 DEY

BNE LOOP1

Here you are introduced to a new
instruction. DEY decreases the present
value in the Y-register by one. A similar
statement is DEX, which operates on
the X-register. And the opposites of
these statements are INY and INX,
which increase the appropriate regis-
ter by one. They come in very handy
for loops. In the example, the Y-
register is first loaded with $FF, and
then decreased by one with the DEY
instruction. A test is then made to see
if Y does not equal zero. Since Y only
equals $FE (254), the test is positive
(the Z flag is clear) and the computer
backtracks to LOOP1, where it en-
counters the DEY statement again and
repeats the process of checking to see
if the register is not equal to zero. Final-
ly, after 254 loops, the Y-register
equals zero, and the test fails. The
computer continues on with its work,
after having been delayed a few milli-
seconds.

The following is another example of
a loop. It uses the X-register instead of
the Y, and uses INX statements along
with BNE:

LDX #$00

LOOP2 INX

BNE LOOP 2

Looking at this, you're probably
thinking that the computer will be
caught in an endless loop, since X will
never equal zero, and so be able to
leave the loop by failing the BNE test.
Normally, this would be correct, but
not here. A byte can be compared to
a score counter in a game: if it gets
past a certain number, the whole

counter rolls over back to zero, as
such:

11111111 (255)

_+ 1 ( 1)

100000000 (256)

As you can see, the new number is
%1 00000000. But since this is a 9-bit
number and the registers can only
hold 8 bits (a byte), the extra digit (1)
is ignored, and thus the register now
holds %00000000, or zero. If we apply
this to our example, we can see that
once we get to $FF and increment
that, we'll get $00, after which the BNE
fails and the computer goes about
executing whatever follows this simple
loop. It isn't that hard to understand,
is it?
Next Month...

I'm running out of room here, so I'll
leave the rest of my explanation about
loops until next month, at which time
I'll include some practical examples,
including a routine to scroll the screen
to the left. If you have any problems
in the meantime, feel free to contact
me at Box 901 , Peace River, Alberta,
Canada TOH 2X0

(P.S.—A note to the VIC owners who
typed in that lengthy monitor listing last
month— if you did it right, you should
have put the words "HI THERE!" at
the top corner of the screen. I realize
that it was quite a tedious and useless
task to type all that in, so next month
I'm also presenting a routine to print
any message to the screen using the
loops.)

Figure 1:

Bit Position

7 6 5 4 3 2 10

B D I Z C

S V

sign status

overflow flag

break flag

decimal mode flag

nterrupt enable/disable
Z: zero flag
C: carry status
(bit 5 is unused)

I: i

22/Commander May 1983

Vanilla Pilot?

Yes, Vanilla Pilot!

What is Vanilla Pilot?

Vanilla Pilot is a full-featured pilot
language interpreter including TURTLE
GRAPHICS for the PET or CBM 4000,
80C0, 9000 and CBM-64 series computers

At last! A Pilot interpreter for the
Commodore computers. This Pilot in-
cludes some powerful extensions to
the screen editor of the computer.
Things like FIND /CHANGE, TRACE
and DUMP enhance the programming
environment.

The TURTLE has a very powerful set
of graphics commands. You can set the
Turtle's DIRECTION and turn him LEFT
or RIGHT. The pen he carries can be
set to any of the 16 colors in the CBM-
64. He can DRAW or ERASE a Line.

What else? Vanilla Pilot is all this and
much, much more. In fact, we can't
tell you about all of the features of
the language in this small ad. So
rush down to your local Commodore
computer dealer and ask him to show
you Vanilla Pilot in action. Be sure
to take the $2.00 discount coupon.

Hurry, you have only a short time to
redeem your coupon. So use it now!

Tamarack Software
Darby, MT. 59829

VANILLA

Retailer: Send the redeemed coupons to
Tamarack Software, Darby, MT 59829. We will
pay 52. plus $.35 handling for the redemption
of these coupons. If requested, invoices show-
ing sufficient purchase of Vanilla Pilot must be
submitted. Coupons submitted to us more than
30 days after the expiration dntc will not be
honored.

April 15. 1W3.

Circle No. 42
Commander May 1983/23

Peek & Poke

A USR Instruction Sheet

by George Gaukel
Tacoma, WA

This program provides a set of USR
instructions to allow direct BASIC ac-
cess to the SID and VIC chips and for
some graphic functions. The program
is stored in the RAM area of 49152
($C000) to ($CED1).

The program is self-initializing and
once run, a machine language version
may be saved using a monitor. If a
machine language version is loaded,
you need to initialize the program as
in lines 130 and 140 of the listing. This
sets the USR vector to $C100.

Note that USR(O) only initializes the
program's internal tables and pointers.
USR(1) will execute the mapping se-
quence. USR(1) stores the current VIC
map and installs the preset map. This
allows toggling between two VIC
maps, as USR(2) returns to the map
that USR(1) stored. If USR(1) is exe-
cuted twice in a row then the current
and previous maps will be the same
and you will be locked into the preset
map until a new USR(O) and USR(1)
are executed.

The RESTORE key will not allow for
a proper recovery to the BASIC map,
as it does not clear the BMM, ECM
and MCM bits. I usually add the follow-
ing line to a program:

60000 A = USR(0),O,1,4:

A = USR(1): A = USR(17):

A = USR(19): A = USR(21)
If I crash, I CLR-HOME and enter
GOTO60000. This is easier than trying,
to enter all of the above without a video
display.

All numbers passed to the USR pro-
gram must be positive and in the
range of Q-65535 (decimals wiW be
truncated) or there will be an illegal
quantity error. If the expected number
of variables is not present, there will
be a syntax error. In the instruction list
I have indicated byte and flag types.
All this means is that the high byte is

24/ComnnancJer May 1983

100

REM '

USER. DATA'

110

FOR AD»49152T052946«READ DA

120

POKE

AD, DA I NEXT AD

130

POKE783,0 l P0KE786, 193

140

A«USR<0>, 0,1,4 i A»USR(1)

150

END

160

DATA

36, 193, 33, 194, 9B, 194

170

DATA

132, 194, 154, 194, 177, 194

180

DATA

209, 194, 227, 194, 239, 194

190

DATA

38, 195, 56, 195, 144, 204

200

DATA

144, 204, 144, 204, 144, 204

210

DATA

144, 204, 87, 195, 96, 195

220

DATA

105, 195, 114, 195, 123, 195

230

DATA

132, 195, 141, 195, 150, 195

240

DATA

159, 195, 168, 195, 177, 193

230

DATA

186, 195, 195, 195, 220, 195

260

DATA

48, 198, 144, 204, 227, 195

270

DATA

235, 195, 243, 195, 62, 196

280

DATA

80, 196, 101, 196, 122, 196

290

DATA

140, 196, 165, 196, 224, 196

300

DATA

238, 196, 244, 196, 250, 196

310

DATA

2, 197, 10, 197, 18, 197

320

DATA

26, 197, 34, 197, 42, 197

330

DATA

39, 197, 67, 197, 144, 204

340

DATA

144, 204, 144, 204, 144, 204

330

DATA

75, 197, 97, 197, 123, 197

360

DATA

156, 197, 175, 197, 194, 197

370

DATA

213, 197, 191, 19B, 195, 198

380

DATA

213, 199, 217, 199, 254, 200

390

DATA

2, 201, 39, 201, 69, 201

400

DATA

116, 201, 144, 204, 144, 204

410

DATA

144, 204, 144, 204, 144, 204

420

DATA

144, 204, 144, 204, 144, 204

430

DATA

144, 204, 144, 204, 144, 204

440

DATA

144, 204, 144, 204, 144, 204

490

DATA

144, 204, 144, 204, 144, 204

460

DATA

IBS, 201, 246, 201, 253, 201

470

DATA

27, 202, 56, 202, 87, 202

480

DATA

116, 202, 183, 202, 210, 202

490

DATA

21, 203, 40, 203, 59, 203

500

DATA

85, 203, 117, 203, 131, 203

310

DATA

137, 203, 144, 204, 144, 204

520

DATA

144, 204, 143, 203, 151, 203

530

DATA

159, 203, 167, 203, 207, 203

540

DATA

214, 203, 221, 203, 228, 203

550

DATA

14, 204, 18, 204, 52, 204

cleared. Where byte values are less
than the range of 0-255 are indicated,
I have masked for the value. When
values are returned they will be double
byte, signed or unsigned as -appro-
priate.

For those with a relocating monitor,
the first page ($C000-$C0FF) of the
program is an internal word table in
the range of $COO0-$CFFF. The code
starts at $C1 000 and is continuous to
the absolute tables which start with
$FF, which should abort most reloca-
tors.

The X-Y and line plotting will allow
for positive wrap-around. X-Y may be
any value in the range of 0-65535 and
the routines will rescale the values.

The SID routines maintain an image
of the write only latches. This allows for
simplified commands such as voice on
or off.

The USR program is not designed
to replace the awareness of how the
chips operate. It is designed to provide
programmer access to the chips using
a systematic format and allow limited
time (for most of us) to be better spent
in program applications, rather than
trying to do something in BASIC which
should be done in machine language.

With a 4K limit I have included only
those commands I find most useful.
There are many things that can be
done to the bit map, using standard
library calls, such as character rotation
and simplified scrolling in both axes.
Send in a wish list, and if there is
enough interest I will publish a supple-
ment.

The example programs should be
self-explanatory. □

USR Command List

,B To 255 BYTE
,DB TO 65535 DOUBLE BYTE
,FL = FLAG OFF/CLR
,FL FLAG ON/SET
A = USR(32),B
A = USR(9),DG
A = USR(90),B,FL,FL,FL
SYNTAX:
A = USR(0),0,1,4
B = USR(1)
B = USR(BB(6)))
X = USR(90),1, 0,0,0

560 DATA 56, 204, 60, 204, 64, 204
570 DATA 147, 204, 28, 207, 28, 207
580 DATA 35, 207, 42, 207, 32, 247
590 DATA 183, 201, 0, 208, 27, 141
600 DATA 10, 207, 152, 201, 123, 176
610 DATA 19, 10, 170, 173, 247, 192
620 DATA 72, 173, 246, 192, 72, 189
630 DATA 1, 192, 72, 189, 0, 192
640 DATA 72, 96, 76, 73, 188, 32
650 DATA 62, 206, 173, 188, 206, 41
660 DATA 3, 141, 20, 207, 173, 190
670 DATA 206, 41, 15, 141, 18, 207
680 DATA 173, 192, 206, 41, 14, 141
690 DATA 16, 207, 169, 8, 141,
700 DATA 207, 169, 0, 141, 1, 207
710 DATA 169, 64, 141, 2, 207, 169
720 DATA 1, 141, 3, 207, 169,
730 DATA 141, 4, 207, 169, 4, 141
740 DATA 5, 207, 174, 20, 207, 189
750 DATA 172, 206, 141, 249, 206, 141
760 DATA 7, 207, 141, B, 207, 169
770 DATA 0, 141, 6, 207, 141, 248
780 DATA 206, 169, 8, 45, 16, 207
790 DATA 240, 9, 24, 169, 32, 109
800 DATA 7, 207, 141, 7, 207, 162
810 DATA 62, 160, 253, 32, 39, 203
820 DATA 162, 0, 165, 253, 157, 1B9
830 DATA 207, 232, 165, 254, 157, 189
840 DATA 207, 232, 134, 2, 162, 253
850 DATA 160, 74, 32, 175, 205, 166
B60 DATA 2, 224, 31, 144, 229, 173
870 DATA 18, 207, 10, 170, 189, 189
880 DATA 207, 141, 252, 206, 1B9, 190
890 DATA 207, 141, 253, 206, 173, 16
900 DATA 207, 10, 170, 189, 189, 207
910 DATA 141, 250, 206, 189, 190, 207
920 DATA 141, 251, 206, 162. 76, 160
930 DATA 253, 32, 39, 205, 162,
940 DATA 165, 253, 157, 55, 207, 232
950 DATA 165, 254, 157, 55, 207, 232
960 DATA 134, 2, 162, 253, 160, 72
970 DATA 32, 175, 205, 166, 2, 224
980 DATA 51, 144, 229, 162, O, 134
990 DATA 253, 134, 254, 165, 253, 157
1000 DATA 107, 207, 232, 165. 254, 157
1010 DATA 107, 207, 232, 134, 2, 160
1020 DATA 70, 162, 253, 32, 175, 205
1030 DATA 166, 2, 224, 81, 144, 229
1040 DATA 24, 169, 248, 109, 252, 206
1050 DATA 141, 254, 206, 169, 3, 109
1060 DATA 253, 206, 141, 255, 206, 96
1070 DATA 173, 136, 2, 141, 22, 207
1080 DATA 173, 24, 208, 141, 24, 207
1090 DATA 173, 0, 221, 141, 26, 207
1100 DATA 173, 253, 206, 141, 136, 2
1110 DATA 173, 18, 207, 32, 241, 204
1120 DATA 13, 16, 207, 141, 24, 208

Commander May 1983/25

A = USR(Z),A,B,C

B = USR(X%)

B = USR(X(Y))
USRO PRESET/VIC GENERATE
MAPS

,B,B,B

BANK 0-3; VIDEO MEMORY 0-1 5;
VIDEO BASE 0-14 STEP2
USR1 GO VIC PRESET SETUP
USR2 RETURN PREVIOUS SETUP
USR3 PRESET BIT MAP

SET THE 8000 BYTES TO B

USR4 PRESET COLOR RAM

SET ALL COLOR NIBBLES
TO VALUE 0-15
USR5 PRESET POINTER RAM

,B,B

HI NIBBLE 0-15; LO NIBBLE 0-15
USR6 SET BGC REGISTERS

,B,B

BACKGROUND REG 0-3;
COLOR 0-15
USR7 SET BORDER COLOR

COLOR 0-15

USR8 COPY CHAR ROM OR 1
,B,B
CHARACTER ROM 0-1;

STORAGE POINTER 0-14

STEP 2

USR9 CHANGE END BASIC MEM

,DB

0-65535
USR10 CHANGE START BASIC
MEM

,DB

0-65535
USR16 SET BMM BIT
USR17 CLEAR BMM BIT
USR18 SET ECM BIT
USR19 CLEAR ECM BIT
USR20 SET MCM BIT
USR21 CLEAR MCM BIT
USR22 SET 38/40 COL BIT
USR23 CLEAR 38/40 COL BIT
USR24 SET DIN BIT
USR25 CLEAR DIN BIT
USR26 SET 24/25 ROW
USR27 CLEAR 24/25 ROW

USR28 SCROLL Y

,B
SCROLL 0-7

26/Commander May 1983

208, 9,

96, 173,

141, 17,

208, 9,

96, 173, 22, 208, 41, 239

141, 22, 208, 96, 173, 22

208, 9, 8, 141, 22, 208

96, 173, 22, 208, 41, 24

D.E.S.-SOFT

a division of

DES-Data Equipment Supply Corp.

LASER COMMAND by Bob Burnett

HOPPER by Thomas Kim

You are the commander of a squadron
of laser ships. It is your duty to defend
the cities of Earth against the alien
onslaught. Spectacular graphics and
machine code for super fast arcade
fun. VIC-20 and cassette, joystick.
$20.00

SHIFTY (c)by Kavan

Watch the maze change
, as you pass thru the
revolving doors. This is
» a really cute one.
Machine language. VIC-
20 w/8K expander, cas-
i sette. Joystick and
keyboard.
$20.00

One of the most popular games in Europe. You
control BONZO as he climbs the ladders and
picks up point blocks. Watch out for the alien
guards. Excellent graphics & sound. 100%
machine code. VIC-20 w/8K expander, cassette.
Joystick or keyboard.
$20.00

Rated a Five Star game by Creative
Computing. Avoid the cars, buildings,
logs and other obstacles to bring the
frog home. Machine language. VIC-20,
cassette and joystick.
$20.00

SPACE TRADER

by Doug Caruthers

Search for the lost
planet of Alantia. 1 to 4
players. Text adventure.
VIC-20 w/16K expander
and cassette.
$39.95

Many exciting titles to choose from.
New Software for the CBM B500/700 series available now 11

pal 20 ™

$10.00

95 pages of aids, worksheets & logs
Something for every VIC-20 programmer
Coming soon for the Commodore 64

NEW for the VIC-20 & 64

electronic ab VIC-20 products

VIC FORTH $59.95

This is a highly capable language that operates from cartridge. It is based on
Fig-Forth. Disk and cassette compatible. Vic Forth will work with any memory
expansion. 3K of RAM is included in this cartridge.

VIC GRAPH $49.95

The intention of this program is to serve as a mathematical and pedagogic aid
for studying complicated equations and functions by their graphs. Plots
graphics in high resolution within an x-axis range defined by you. You can also
"blow up" parts of a graph in detail by a specified range.

VIC STAT $49.95

Vic Stat is a cartridge which will simplify your work with statistics ana graphic
displays. It will add approximately 15 commands to BASIC. For example, bar
chart, horizontal or vertical, plotting with 2024 points, printout of screen.
Statistical commands for calculations of, for example, mean value, standard
deviation, variance, etc.

VIC REL $59.95

The purpose of this cartridge is to simplify control of, for example, burglar
alarms, garage doors, door locks, heating elements, lamps, radios, remote
controllers, valves, pumps, telephones, accumulators, irrigation systems,
electrical tools, stop watches, ventilators, humidifiers, etc., etc. This cartridge
contains 6 relay outputs and 2 inputs of type optocoupler. For the VIC-20 and
Commodore 64.

SEE YOUR LOCAL DEALER TO SEE OUR FINE PRODUCTS

Dealer inquiries invited Software Distribution Available Programs wanted

(714)
778-5455

Data Equipment Supply Corp.
8315 Firestone Blvd., Downey, CA 90241

(213)
923-9361

VIC-20™, COMMODORE™, COMMODORE 64™, and CBM™ are trademarks of Commodore Business Machines, Inc.

Circle No. 13

USR29 SCROLL X

SCROLL 0-7
USR30 COPY SPRITE TO BIT MAP

,B,B.B

X 0-39; Y 0-24; SPRITE MAP 0-255
USR32 SPRITE ON

SPRITE 0-7
USR33 SPRITE OFF

SPRITE 0-7
USR34 MOVE SPRITE

,DB,B,B

X POSITION; Y POSITION;
SPRITE 0-7

USR35 SET SPRITE COLOR
,B,B
SPRITE 0-7; COLOR 0-15

USR36 SET SPRITE MCM BIT

SPRITE 0-7
USR37 CLR SPRITE MCM BIT

SPRITE 0-7

USR38 SET SPRITE MULTICOLOR
REGS

,B,B

SPRITE 0-7; MAP 0-255

USR40 COPY SPRITE MAP TO MAP

,B,B

MAP 0-255; MAP 0-255
USR41 KILL & HOME SPRITES

USR42 READ BACKGROUND
COLLISION REGISTER

USR43 READ SPRITE COLLISION
REGISTER

USR44 SPRITE HORZ ON
,B
SPRITE 0-7

USR45 SPRITE HORZ OFF

SPRITE 0-7
USR46 SPRITE VERT ON

SPRITE 0-7

USR46 SPRITE VERT OFF

SPRITE 0-7
USR48 SPRITE/BACKGROUND
SET
28/Commander May 1983

USR49 SPRITE/BACKGROUND

CLR

USR50 MOVE CURSOR

,B,B

X 0-39; Y 0-24
USR51 RETURN CURSOR X POS
USR52 RETURN CURSOR Y POS
USR57 SET COLOR NIBBLE

,B,B,B

X 0-39; Y 0-24; COLOR 0-15
USR58 SET VIDEO PTR NIBS

,B,B,B,B

X 0-39; YO-24; COLOR 0-15;
LO COLOR 0-15

USR59 SET B7&6 VIDEO PTR

,B,B.B

X 0-39; Y 0-24; BIT PAIR 0-3
USR60 UNSIGNED EOR RETURN

,DB,DB 0-65535
USR61 UNSIGNED AND RETURN

,DB,DB 0-65535
USR62 UNSIGNED OR RETURN

,DB,DB 0-65535
USR63 COPY CHAR BLOCK
TO BIT MAP

,B,B,B,B

X 0-39; Y 0-24; STORAGE PTR

0-14
STEP2; CHAR INDEX 0-255
USR64 SET X Y HIRES

,DB,DB

X 0-65535; Y 0-65535
USR65 CLR X Y HIRES

,DB,DB

X 0-65535; Y 0-65535
USR66 SET LINE

,DB,DB,DB,DB

XI 0-65535; Y1 0-65535;
X2 0-65535; Y2 0-65535

USR67 CLR LINE

,DB,DB,DB,DB

X1 0-65535; Y1 0-65535;
X2 0-65535; Y2 0-65535
USR68 PLOT LINE - SET

,DB,DB

X2 0-65535; Y2 0-65535
USR69 PLOT LINE - CLR

,DB,DB

X2 0-65535; Y 0-65535

USR70 SET POINT

,DB,DB,B

X 0-65535; Y 0-65535;
BIT PAIR 0-3
USR71 LINE - POINTS

,DB,DB,DB,DB,B

2270
2280
2290
2300
2310
2320
2330
2340
2350
2360
2370
2380
2390
2400
2410
2420
2430
2440
2450
2460
2470
2480
2490
2500
2510
2520
2530
2540
2550
2560
2570
2580
2590
2600
2610
2620
2630
2640
2650
2660
2670
2680
2690
2700
2710
2720
2730
2740
2750
2760
2770
2780
2790
2800
2810
2820
2830

DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA

76, 25, 205, 173, 30, 208
76, 25, 205, 32, 47, 206
160, 29, 76, 86, 196, 32
47, 206, 160, 29, 76, 107
196, 32, 47, 206, 160, 23
76, 86, 196, 32, 47, 206
160, 23, 76, 107, 196, 32
47, 206, 160, 27, 76, 86
196, 32, 47, 206, 160, 27
76, 107, 196, 32, 53, 206
174, 190, 206, 172, 188, 3
24, 32, 240, 255, 32, 36
234, 96, 56, 32, 240, 255
152, 76, 25, 205, 56, 32
240, 255, 138, 76, 25, 2"
!, 62, 206, 32, 243, 20!

206

190
45
32

251, 164, 211, 177, 209
63, 5, 251, 145, 209, 32
254, 205, 96, 32, 113, 206
173, 188, 206, 77, 190, 206
168, 173, 189, 206, 77, 191
206, 76, 28, 205, 32, 113
206, 173, 188, 206, 45, l a "
206, 168, 173, 189, 206, *
191, 206, 76, 28, 205, 3^
113, 206, 173, 188, 206,
190, 206, 168, 173, 189,
13, 191, 206, 76, 28, 205
32, 71, 206, 32, 17, 198
162, 6, 160, 3, 32, 87
205, 173, 192, 206, 41, 14
10, 170, 24, 189, 189, 207
109, 194, 206, 133, 251, 189
190, 207, 109, 195, 206, 133

252, 162, 24, 160, 253, 32
39, 205, 169, 8, 133, 20
32, 200, 204, 160, 0, 32
37, 206, 76, 228, 204, 162
2, 160, 3, 32, 87, 205
162, 4, 160, 3, 32, 87
205, 162, 2, 160, 36, 32
63, 205, 162, 4, 160, 38
32, 63, 205, 32, 222, 198
96, 32, 62, 206, 32, 17
198, 162, 6, 160, 6, 32
87, 205, 24, 173, 1B9, 207
109, 192, 206, 141, 192, 206

Commander May 1983/29

X1 0-65535; Y1 0-65535;

X2 0-65535; Y2 0-65535;

BIT PAIR 0-3
USR72 PLOT LINE - POINTS

,DB,DB,B

X2 0-65535; Y2 0-65535;
BIT PAIR 0-3
USR90 SET VOICE;BIT,RING,
SYNC

,B,FL,FL,FL

VOICE 0-3; FLAG; FLAG; FLAG
USR91 SET VOICE:AD

,B,B,B

VOICE 0-3; A 0-15; D 0-15
USR92 SET VOICE:SR

,B,B,B

VOICE 0-3; S0-15; R 0-15

USR93 VOICErFREQUENCY

,B,DB

VOICE 0-3; FREQUENCY 0-65535
USR94 SET VOICE: PULSE WIDTH

,B,DB

VOICE 0-3; FREQUENCY 0-4096?
USR95 SET SID CUTOFF FREQ

,B,DB

VOICE 0-3; FREQUENCY 0-4096?
USR96 SET SID:FILTER INPUTS

,B,B,B,B

FLAGS:EXT,VOICE1 ,VOICE2,
VOICE3
USR97 SET SID:FILTER Q

FILTER Q 0-15
USR98 SET SID:FILTER MODES

,B,B,B,B

FLAGS:CUTV3,HI-PASS ON,
BAND-PASS ON,LO-PASS ON
USR99 VOICE GATE ON
USR100 VOICE GATE OFF
USR101 SET SID:VOLUMN

VOLUMN 0-15

USR102 SET VOICE:WAVEFORM

WAVE FORM 0-3
USR103 CLR SID & PSEUDO REGS
USR104 RETURN OCS3 RND
USR105 RETURN OSC3
WAVEFORM

**ALL THE REST ARE RETURNS
USR109 XBUTTON PORT2
PADDLE

USR110 YBUTTON PORT2
PADDLE

30/Commander May 1983

2840
2050
2860
2870
2880
2890
2900
2910
2920
2930
2940
2950
2960
2970
2980
2990
3000
3010
3020
3030
3040
3050
3060
3070
3080
3090
3100
3110
3120
3130
3140
3150
3160
3170
3180
3190
3200
3210
3220
3230
3240
3250
3260
3270
3280
3290
3300
3310
3320
3330
3340
3350
3360
3370
3380
3390
3400

133, 253, 173, 190, 207, 109

193, 206, 141, 193, 206, 133

254, 32, 97, 198, 32, 149

198, 32, 97, 198, 32, 149

198, 32, 200, 204, 162,

160, 0, 177, 253, 145, 251

232, 224, 21, 208, 3, 76

228, 204, 142, 194, 206, 238

224, 206, 208, 3, 238, 225

206, 32, 222, 198, 24, 165

253. 105. 3' 1^. *?53. 1A5

32, 222, 198, 24, 165

253, 105, 3, 133, 253, 165

254, 105, 0, 133, 254, 174
194, 206, 76, 102, 198, 162
4, 160, 38, 32, 63, 205

24, 173, 222, 206, 105, 8
141, 222, 206, 173, 223, :

222,

ZO < *■■*-*■* XUO, iV3. B

222, 206, 173, 223, 206
wy, 0, 141, 223, 206, 32
222, 198, 238, 192, 206, 208
3, 238, 193, 206, 162, 6
160, 253, 32, 39, 205, 96
169, 255, 208, 2, 169,
141, 12, 207, 169, O, 141
14, 207, 162, 36, 32, 246
204, 162, 38, 32, 246, 204
32, 222, 198, 76, 129, 199
173, 224, 206, 41, 7, 141

3, 32, 97, 205, 173, 217

206, 240, 19, 56, 173, 216

206, 233, 25, 141, 216, 206

173, 217, 206, 233, 0, 141

217, 206, 208, 237, 173, 216

206, 201, 25, 176, 230, 173

215, 206, 240, 19, 56, 173
214, 206, 233, 40, 141, 214
206, 173, 215, 206, 233,
141, 215, 206, 208, 237, 173
214, 206, 201, 40, 176, 230
173, 214, 206, 10, 170, 173

216, 206, 10, 168, 24, 185

55. ?n7. 1*?5. Irt7. ^Ct7^ 133

lo2, 251, -iii, 1/3, ^U3, j

22, 162, 251, 32, 52, 20!

96, 174, 218, 206, 160, (

173, 14, 207, 208, 37, 173

12, 207, 240, 16, 32, 200
204, 177, 251, 72, 32, 228

204, 104, 29, 140, 206, 145

TURN YOUR

COMPUTER INTO A

FULL-BLOODED WORD

PROCESSOR.

VIC 2CT and Commodore 64™ users,
something very clever is lying in wait for
you. It's called Quick Brown Fox.™

Quite simply Quick Brown Fox is the
quickest, easiest to learn, user-friendliest —
and most versatile — word processing
software running.
Take a look at some of these crafty features. You
get full editing, even on standard displays. (The Fox supports most
80-column boards too.) You get automatic reformatting of edited
text, not the tedious paragraph-by-paragraph runaround. There's more.
You get single-key operation, text moving, boilerplating, tab and
margin settings, right justification, proportional spacing. You get in-
telligent software that uses less computer memory. (That's how come
it even works with an off-the-shelf VIC 20.) You also get compatibility
with a wide range of printers — plus plenty more.
And you get it all for only $65. Doesn't that make you want to trot
through your texts with a Quick Brown Fox?

QUICK BROWN FOX "

Call or write for more details:

548 Broadway New York, NY 10012 (212) 925-8290

Dealer Inquiries Invited

If Circle No. 9

"■-CDiUPU SENSEC

CARDBOARD 6
$87.95

An expansion interface for the VIC-20.
Allows expansion to 40 K or accepts up
to six games. May be daisy chained for
more versatility.

CARDBOARD 3
$39.95

Economy expansion interface for
the VIC-20

CARD"?" CARD/PRINT
$79.95

Universal Centronics Parallel Printer
Interface for the VIC-20 or CBM-64.
Use an Epson MX-80 or OKIDATA or
TANDY or just about any other.

CARDETTE
$39.95

Use any standard cassette player/re-
corder with your ViC-20 or CBM-64

LIGHT PEN
$29.95

A light pen with six good programs to
use with your VIC-20 or CBM-64

Prices subject to change.
TO ORDER; P. O. BOX 18765

WICHITA, KS 67218
(316) 263-1095
Personal Checks Accepted (Allow 3 Weeks)
or C.O.D. (Add $2) Handling Charges 52,00

.1"

Intelligent Software For
Commodore Computers

Copycalc is an affordable electronic
spread-sheet which turns your video screen
Into a window on a matrix of numbers. Cur-
sor around the matrix, enter numbers; the
totals reflect the changes. You can save the
matrix to disk or tape, or print it or your
printer. For $20 [$15 with another program),
this program might justify the cost of your
computer. Requires 6k RAM; smaller version
available for a standard VIC.

Word Processor Plus was not designed
to be an expensive toy; it was designed
solely to facilitate correspondence, for a
wide range of personal and business uses,
quickly and easily, with a minimum of train-
ing and frustration on the part of its user,
and at the least possible cost, both in hard-
ware and software. The most thoroughly
tested, useable word processor available
at anywhere near the price, $25; 10k RAM,
printer req'd.; RS-232C version available for
VIC and 64.

Also available: Baseball Manager, a
sports-documentation program; and Inven-
tory, a perpetual inventory control program
for a small retail business (various reports,
multiple vendors); $30 each; 10k RAM
req'd., printer suggested.

All programs will load and run on any
Commodore computer; all support tape,
disk, and printer.

Prices include documentation and ship-
ping; Calif, residents add 6%. Please
specify hardware configuration when
ordering. Sorry, no games available.
Willam Bobbins, Box 3745, San Rafael, CA 94912
Circle No. 20

3410

DATA

251,

96, 32, 200, 204, 177

3420

DATA

251,

72, 32, 228, 204, 104

3430

DATA

61,

148, 206, 145. 251, 96

3440

DATA

32,

200, 204, 177, 251, 133

3430

DATA

253,

32, 226, 204, 165, 253

3460

DATA

61,

156, 206, 133, 253, 173

3470

DATA

212,

206, 41, 3, 168, 189

3480

DATA

156,

206, 73, 255, 57, 164

3490

DATA

206,

5, 253, 160, 0, 145

3500

DATA

251,

96, 169, 255, 208, 2

3510

DATA

169,

0, 141, 12, 207, 169

3S20

DATA

0, 141, 14, 207, 162, 54

3530

DATA

32,

246, 204, 162, 56, 32

3540

DATA

246,

204, 162, 58, 32, 246

3550

DATA

204,

162, 60, 32, 246, 204

3560

DATA

162,

58, 160, 54, 169, 50

3570

DATA

32,

133, 205, 162, 50, 32

3580

DATA

191,

205, 162, 60, 160, 56

3590

DATA

169,

52, 32, 133, 205, 162

3600

DATA

52,

32, 191, 205, 162, 58

3610

DATA

160,

54, 32, 215, 205, 141

3620

DATA

230,

206, 162, 60, 160, 56
215, 205, 141, 232, 206

3630

DATA

32,

3640

DATA

169,

0, 141, 234, 206, 141

3650

DATA

235,

206, 141, 203, 206, 141

3660

DATA

205,

206, 169, 1, 141, 202

3670

DATA

206,

141, 204, 206, 173, 14

3680

DATA

207,

240, 3, 141, 202, 206

3690

DATA

162,

54, 160, 36, 32, 63

3700

DATA

205,

162, 56, 160, 38, 32

3710

DATA

63,

205, 162, 50, 160, 52

3720

DATA

32,

215, 205, 48, 58, 32

3730

DATA

216,

198, 162, 36, 160, 58

3740

DATA

32,

215, 205, 208, 1, 96

3750

DATA

32,

209, 200, 162, 48, 160

3760

DATA

52,

169, 48, 32, 107, 205

3770

DATA

162,

50, 160, 48, 169, 42

3780

DATA

32,

133, 205, 162, 48, 160

3790

DATA

42,

32, 215, 205, 48, 213

3800

DATA

32,

232, 200, 162, 48, 160

3810

DATA

50,

169, 48, 32, 133, 205

3820

DATA

76,

93, 200, 32, 216, 198

3830

DATA

162,

38, 160, 60, 32, 215

3840

DATA

205,

208, 1, 96, 32, 232

3850

DATA

200,

162, 48, 160, 50, 169

3860

DATA

48,

32, 107, 205, 162, 52

3870

DATA

160,

48, 169, 42, 32, 133

3880

DATA

205,

162, 48, 160, 42, 32

3890

DATA

215,

205, 48, 213, 32, 209

3900

DATA

200,

162, 48, 160, 52, 169

3910

DATA

48,

32, 133, 205, 76, 151

3920

DATA

200,

162, 36, 160, 16, 173

3930

DATA

230,

206, 240, 13, 48, 6

3940

DATA

169,

36, 32, 107, 205, 96

3950

DATA

169,

36, 32, 133, 205, 96

3960

DATA

162,

38, 160, 18, 173, 232

3970

DATA

206,

240, 13, 48, 6, 169

32/Commander May 1983

USR111 XBUTTON PORT1

PADDLE

USR112 YBUTTON PORT1

PADDLE

USR113 XPADDLE PORT2

USR114 YPADDLE PORT2

USR1 15 XPADDLE PORT1

USR1 16 YPADDLE PORT1

USR117 BUTTON PORT2 JOY

USR118 BUTTON PORT1 JOY

USR119 PORT1 X(-1 1)

USR120 PORT1 Y(-1 1)

USR121 PORT2X(-1 1)

USR122 PORT2 Y(-1 1)

*UNUSED NUMBERS

USR11

USR12

USR13

USR14

USR15

USR31

USR53

USR54

USR55

USR56

USR73

USR74

USR75

USR76

USR77

USR78

USR79

USR80

USR81

USR82

USR83

USR84

USR85

USR86

USR87

USR88

USR89

USR106

USR107

USR108

* RESERVED INTERNAL TABLE

*USR123

*USR124

*USR125

*USR126

*USR127

/ /

Commander May 1983/33

Circle No. 5

PUT SOME MUSCLE
IN YOUR

VIC 20
16K RAM
EXPANSION

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An Economy Expansion Interface
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For the VIC-20® Personal
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The CARDBOARD/3" is an expansion inter-
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cartridges now available. It will accept up to 3
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• 16k RAM t 16k RAM * 3k RAM

• 16k RAM * 8k RAM + Super Expander

• 16k RAM + 8k RAM + Vic-Mon

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• High quality T,R.W. gold plated connectors

• This board is fused

• 90 day free replacement warranty covering
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$39.95
CARDBOARD 6

An Expansion Interface for VIC-20®

• Allows memory expansion up to 40K

• Accepts up to six games

• includes a system reset button

• All slots are switch selectable

• Daisy chain several units for even more
versatihty $ 87< g 5

TO ORDER:
P. O. BOX 18765
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(316) 263-1095

Personal checks accepted

(Allow 3 weeks) or

C.O.D. (Add $2)

Handling charge $2.00

VIC-20'" is a registered trademark of Commodore

4550
4560
4570
45S0
4590
4600
4610
4620
4630
4640
4650
4660
4670
4680
4690
4700
4710
4720
4730
4740
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4770
47B0
4790
4800
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4960
4970
4980
4990
5000
5010
5020
5030
5040
5050
5060
5070
5080
5090
5100
5110

>, 251, 141, 23, 212, 141
Jl, 207, 76, 25, 205, 32
71, 206, 169, 0, 133, 251
173, 188, 206, 240, 6, 165
251, 9, 128, 133, 251, 173
190, 206, 240, 6, 165, 251

32,

160

206, 41, 3, 170, 189, 168
206, 133, 253, 160, 4, 177
20, 41, 15, 37, 253, 145
20, 145, 251, 76, 25, 205
162, 24, 169, 0, 157,
212, 157. 28. 207. 202. 1
247,

25, 205,
25, 205,

34/Commander May 1983

Circle No.

Circle No. 27

5120
5130
5140
5150
5160
5170
5180
5190
5200
5210
5220
5230
5240
5250
5260
5270
5280
5290
5300
5310
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5370
5380
5390
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5540
5550
5560
5570
5580
5590
5600
5610
5620
5630
5640
5650
5660
5670
5680

165

220, 104, 141, 0, 220, 160
127, 234, 136, 16, 252, 189
25, 212, 133, 252, 165, 251
141, 2, 220, 88, 165, 252
76, 25, 205, 162, 0, 7'
2, 162, 1, 120, 189, :
220, 133, 251, 169,
2. 220. 234. 189. O. :

252

240

240, 17, 32, 1_
169, 12, 37, 252, 240, 33
169, 8, 37, 252, 240, 17
208, 20, 32, 115, 204, 169
3, 37, 252, 240, 16, 169
2, 37, 252, 240, 5, 136
152, 108, 5, 0, 152, 200
76, 28, 205, 152, 76, 28
305, 160, O, 120, 189, 2
J20, 133, 251, 169, 0, 157
2. 220. 234. 189. O. C>?0

3, 133, 254, 160, 0, 165
254, 240, 14, 173, 188, 206
145, 251, 200, 208, 251, 23<

252, 198, 254, 208, 245, 16!

253, 240, 10, 173, 188, 20^
145, 251, 200, 198, 253, 2<
249. 96- 173. 8. 207. 48

230
65
06

FOR
PET® VIC® AND
COMMODORE 64

READING
VOCABULARY
LANGUAGE
SPELLING
TEACHER AIDS

MATH

METRICS

ALGEBRA

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LJ Please send me FREE information about your
D PET, □ VIC. and □ Commodore 64 programs

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Circle No. 8

Commander May 1983/35

DON'T
BLAME
THE
SOFTWARE!

Power Line Spikes and Hash often cause
memory loss or erratic operation. Often
floppies, printer & processor interact!

OUR patented ISOLATORS eliminate
equipment interaction AND curb damag-
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ISO-1 ISOLATOR. 3 Filtered Sockets;
1000 Amp 8/20 usee Spike Sup-
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Circle No. 15

Circle No. 32

C64 FORTH

for the

Commodore 64

Fig. -Forth implementation including:

• Full feature screen editor and assembler

• Forth 79 Standard Commands with
extensions

• High resolution, 16 color character and
sprite graphics

• Full I/O allowing IEEE cartridge and Basic
data file compabiliry

• Three voice tone and music synthesizer

• Detailed manual with examples ^nd
BASIC-FORTH conversions

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or Cassette Version

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PERFORMANCE
MICRO PRODUCTS

770 Dcdham Street, S-2

Canton, MA 02021

(617)828-1209

5690
5700
5710
5720
5730
5740
5750
5760
5770
5780
5790
5800
58 1
5820
5830
5840
5850
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5870
5880
5890
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5910
5920
5930
5940
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5960
5970
5980
5990
6000
6010
6020
6030
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6050
6060
6070
6080
6090
6100
6110
6120
6130
6140
6150
6160
6170
6180
6190
6200
6210
6220
6230
6240
6250

134, 2, 32, 253, 174, 32
138, 173, 32, 247, 183, 166
2, 157, 187, 206, 152, 157
186, 206, 169, 255, 141, 10
207, 96, 32, 246, 204, 169
0, 157, 187, 206, 96, 168
169, 0, 133, 98, 132, 99
162, 144, 56, 32, 73, 188
96, 189, 186, 206, 153,

206
187
133

, 96, 160, 0, 56
253, 186, 206, 157, 186
152, 253, 187, 206, 157
io/, 206, 96, 169, 0, 32
133, 205, 173, 187, 206, 48
15, 240, 2, 16, 5, 173
186, 206, 240, 3, 169, 1
96, 169, 0, 96, 169, 255
96, 56, 32, 240, 255, 142
206, 206, 140, 207, 206, 96
174, 206, 206, 172, 207, 206
24, 32, 240, 255, 32, 36
234, 96, 160, 0, 165, 21

!5, 177, 251, 145, 253
?08. 249. 230. 252.

230
65

206

36/Commander May 1983

), 240, 9, 177, 251, 145

S3, 200, 198, 20, 208, 247

>, 162, 2, 32, 16, 205

>, 32, 47, 206, 162, 4

>, 16, 205, 96, 32, S3

>, 162, 6, 32, 16, r

32, 62, 206, 162,

S3
205
8

Circle No. 9

6260

DATA

32, 16, 205, 96, 32, 47

6270

DATA

206, 162, 4, 32, 246, 204

6260

DATA

96, 32, 107, 206, 162, 4

6290

DATA

32, 16, 205, 96, 32, 89

6300

DATA

206, 162, 6, 32, 16, 205

6310

DATA

96, 162, 2, 32, 246, 204

6320

DATA

96, 32, 107, 206, 162, 4

6330

DATA

32, 246, 204, 96, 255, 255

6340

DATA

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32

6350

DATA

64, 128, 254, 253, 251, 247

6360

DATA

239, 223, 191, 127, 128, 64

6370

DATA

32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1

6380

DATA

127, 191, 223, 239, 247, 251

6390

DATA

253, 254, 63, 63, 207, 207

6400

DATA

243, 243, 252, 252, 0, 85

6410

DATA

170, 255, 16, 32, 64, 128

6420

DATA

0, 64, 128, 192, 0, 212

6430

DATA

0, 212, 7, 212, 14, 212

6440

DATA

67, 79, SO, 89, 82, 73

6450

DATA

71, 72, 84, 32, 49, 57

6460

DATA

56, 50, 32, 71, 46, 82

6470

DATA

46, 71, 65, 85, 75, 69

6460

DATA

76, 170, 170, 170, 170, 170

PSYCOM SOFTWARE INTERNATIONAL
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Circle No. 21

Commander May 1983/37

100 REM 'XDEMLQ'

110 A»USR<0),2,0»8

120 A«USR<1) sA»USR<16>

130 A»USR<3>,0

140 A«USR<5),1,0

150 A=USR(7),0

160 A=USR(20)

170 A*U8R(6),0,0

173 i

180 P»160 s Q=64

190 XP=144iXR*l. 5*3. 14159265

200 YP«=56iYR=1iZP»64

210 XF»XR/XPiYF»YP/YRiZF«XR/ZP

220 FOR ZI«-Q TO Q-l

230 ZT»ZI*XP/ZPiZZ»ZI

240 XL-INT <. 5+SQR ( XP^-ZT^ > )

250 FOR XI— XL TO XL STEP2

260 XT=SQR(XI A 2+ZT A 2)*XFiXX«XI

270 YY=<SIN(XT)+.4*SIN(3*XT) )*YF

280 Xl=INT(<XX+ZZ+P)/2>

290 Y1«INTU99-<YY~ZZ+100>)

300 A=USR(70),X1,Y1, 1

310 IF Y1=199THEN330

320 A*USR(71),X1, (Yl+1) , XI, 199,0

330 NEXTXI

340 NEXTZI

350 GET I N* l I F I N*» " " THEN3S0

360 A=USR(2)iA-USR(17) I A-USR (21) i A=USR <6> , 0, 6i A=USR(7) , 14

370 s

380 END

390 REM RUN TIME ABOUT 1 1 30

400 REM BIT MAPPING - POINT PAIRS

410 REM RESIDES UNDER BASIC ROM

420 REM SAME AS XDEMHI ONLY HALF

430 REM THE HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION

rW7J7,M»Md«?1

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'COMMODORE 64' REG. TRADEMARK CBM, INC.

Circle No. 23

38/Commander May 1983

Listing 1

Listing 2

100 REM 'XDEMHI*

100

REM 'XGTS'

110 A=USR<0) ,2,0,8

110

A-USR (9) ,32767 i CLR

120 A-USR(l) i A-USR (16)

120

A-USR <0>, 2, 2, 8

130 A-USR (3>,0

130

A-USR (8), 0,0

140 A-USR (5), 1,0

140

A«USR<l>sA-USR(16>

150 A-USR (7),

150

A-USR(3),0

160 A-USR ( 19 > I A-USR (21)

160

A-USR (5) ,1,0

170 t

170

A-USR (66) , 10, 10, 189, 189

180 P-160sQ=100

180

A-USR < 68), 309, 10

190 XP-144iXR-l. 5*3. 14159265

190

A-USR (68), 10, 10

200 YP«»56sYR«liZP»64

200

A-USR (35), 0,1

210 XF»XR/XPiYF»YP/YRiZF»XR/ZP

210

A=USR<32>,0

220 FOR ZI— Q TO Q-l

220

A-USR (34), 180,100,0

230 IF ZK-ZP OR ZI>ZP THEN 350

230

FORI-0 T0255»FORJ-OT0550iNEXT

240 ZT»ZI*XP/ZPiZZ»ZI

240

A-USR (30), 20, 12, I

250 XL=INT(.5+BQR(XP A 2-ZT' S 2))

250

A-USR (39), 0,1

260 FOR XI —XL TO XL

260

A-USR (63), 3, 23,0, IjNEXT

270 XT»SQR<XK-2+ZT' s -2>*XFiXX»XI

270

GETIN*j IFIN*«""THEN150

280 YY-(BIN(XT)+.4*SIN(3*XT))*YF

280

A-USR (2)1 A-USR (17)

290 Xl-XX+ZZ+P

290

A-USR (41)

300 Yl-YY-ZZ+Q

300

310 A-USR (64 >, X 1, 199-Y1

310

REM SHOWS CHARS TO MAP

320 IF Y1-0THENTHEN340

320

REM AND SPRITES TO MAP

330 A-USR <67) , XI , 199- ( Yl-1 > , XI , 199

330

REM THE REAL SPRITE IS

340 NEXTXI

340

REM THE TOP ONE

350 NEXTZI

350

REM SPRITE MAPS ARE NOT

360 GETIN*«IFIN*-' M, THEN360

360

REM ALWAYS SAME AS SPRITE

370 A-USR (2) « A»USR (17) » A-USR <7> , 14

370

REM SEES CHAR ROM

380 r

380

REM AND USR SEES ALL RAM

390 END

400 REM RUN TIME ABOUT 3i00

410 REM BIT MAP - PIXELS

420 REM RESIDES UNDER BASIC ROM

430 REM A DESIGN SEEN VERY OFTEN

Listing 3 100 REM ' XGT4'

110 A-USR (9), 32767 t CL

120 A-USR (0), 2, 0,8

130 A-USR <l)i A-USR (16)

140 A-USR (66), 0,0, 0,0

150 A-USR <3>, INT <RND<1>

*255

160 A-USR(5),INT(RND(1)

♦ 16)

, INT(RND(1)*16)

170 A-USR (7), INT (RND(l)

416)

180 F0RJJ-0T020

190 A-USR (69), INT (RNDU

)*32<

»),INT(RND(1)*200)

200 A=USR(68),INT(RND<1

>*32<

0>,INT(RND(1)*200)

210 NEXT

220 A-USR <8>, 8,0

230 A-USR (8), 12,1

240 FORI-OTOlOOOiNEXT

250 GET I N* 1 1 F I N*» " " THEN

140

260 A-USR <2>iA-U8R< 17)

270 i

280 REM SOME RANDOM LIN

290 REM ON RANDOM BACKGROUND

300 REM AND COPY CHAR R

310 REM TO MAP FOR TEST

Commander May 1983/39

Array Assignment Sort

by David Steffes and Art Dudley
Bremerton, WA

cooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooe

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
o
o
o
c
c
o

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

Most efficient sorting routines are
lengthy and too complex for a begin-
ner to understand. The listed program
is just the opposite. It is short and sim-
ple almost beyond belief with an add-
ed advantage of being relatively fast.
Before this article goes any further, we
want to mention that this is not a
miracle sort. It does have limitations,
but its simplicity warrants its mention.

The structure of the program is bas-
ed on using two one-dimensional
arrays. The first array is used for the
sort procedure and the second for
keeping track of duplicate numbers.
The sort in actuality is nothing more
than a FOR-NEXT loop used to set up
an array; however, when values are
assigned, they must correspond to
their array element's subscript (i.e.
A(5) = 5, A(1) = 1 , A(1 0) = 1 0...). To list
the values in order involves nothing
more than displaying the contents of
the array using a separate FOR-NEXT
loop.

To best explain this sort program, an
example will be used. For simplicity's
sake, say we input a 4 (variable N) for
the amount of numbers to be sorted
with a 5 (variable Z) as the highest
number. Array "A" may look like this:
Unsorted Numbers

A(1) = 5

A(2) = 1

A(3) = 5

A(4) = 2

Note: Remember the numbers are
generated at random.

Lines 90 to 130 will set up two ar-
rays like so:

B(1)=1 C(1) =

B(2) = 2 C(2) =

B(3) = 0* C(3) =

B(4) = 0* C(4) =

B(5) = 5 C(5) = 1

(Meaning we have one duplicate
number. This is accomplished in line
110.)

*Line 160 will prevent the zeros
from being printed.

Lines 150 to 180 will then print out
the contents of the array. Now since
C(5) = 1 , the program will print out the
contents of B(5) one extra time. This
is accomplished in line 170.

You may have already noticed the
shortcomings of this program. The two
we noticed are as follows:

1 . Variable Z is used to dimension
both arrays "B" and "C"; therefore,
the largest number one can use is
based on memory size. For example:
A 1 000 as the largest number will set
up an array of 1001 elements. If there
are 4 bytes per element, this will take
up 4004 bytes of memory for each ar-
ray or a total of 8008 for both.

2. Since the program will print out
only numbers greater than zero, un-
sorted values cannot contain a zero.

There is no need for array "A" in
practical situations. Also array "C" is
used to keep track of duplicate
numbers. So if there are no duplicate
numbers, array "C" can be deleted.
These two techniques should save a
considerable amount of memory.

Since time is an important aspect of
any sort, we have constructed the
below table listing sort times in relation
to the amount of numbers to be sorted
and the largest value. The total sort
time includes not only the time it takes
to sort but also the time necessary to
display the sorted numbers. The actual
time devoted to sorting is but a small
fraction of the total time.

Program Runs Performed
on the Commodore VIC-20

As a final note, even though this pro-
gram does have its shortcomings, we
believe this sort can be a useful tool
in some applications as well as in dis-
playing another function of an array to
beginners.

Program Details

Line 10

Input the amount of numbers to be sorted (variable
N).

Input the largest number to be sorted (variable Z),
Dimensions the three arrays. Array "A" uses the
subscript N, and arrays "B" and "C" use subscript
Z. Note: Array "A" is not used in the sorting process
but instead as storage for the random numbers.
Sets up array "A" with random numbers.

Sort routine:
Line 110 keeps a count of duplicate numbers.
Line 120 assigns a value to its proper array element.
Lines 150 to 180 A simple FOR-NEXT loop that prints out the array in
the order of its subscripts.
Line 170 displays duplicate numbers.

Line 20
Line 50

Line 60 to 70
Lines 90 to 130

QOQOQQQOOQQOQQOQQQQQQQQQQQQOQQQQQQQOQC

40/Commander May 1983

300000'OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOO

CO
0)

Largest Number to be Sorted

100

200

400

2 sec.

4 sec.

9 sec.

1 7 sec.

100

3 sec.

5 sec.

9 sec.

1 8 sec.

200

4 sec.

6 sec.

1 sec.

1 8 sec.

300

5 sec.

7 sec.

1 1 sec.

19 sec.

5 REM S|Br****fiRRfl¥ ASSIGNMENT

SORT******

13 INPUT "NUMBER OF ITEMS TO BE SORTED" >H

20 INPUT 1 ' LARGEST VALUE TO BE

SORTED" > Z

46 REM ^.DIMENSION AN ASSIGN

RANDOM VALUES

Tt'**

50 DIM A<H>,B<Z>>C<Z>

60 FOR J-i TO N

?0 R< J >*IHT< RND<1)*Z) : PRINTA(J)

88 NEXT J

S3 REH**BEGXN SORT:?:*

38 FOR J-l TO N

108 X=fl<J>

119 IFX=B<X>THEN 000=000+1 =

REM**'TALLY OF

DUPL .

120 B<J43N<

1 30 NEXT J : PR I NT ■ PR I NT

140 REM«*PRIST OUT SORTED NUMBERS**

150 FOR J- J TO Z

169 IF B<J>>0TM£N PRINT £<J>,

1?0 IF e<J»0THEN P*C< J > ■■ FOR

G=l TO F' PRINT

j>* ■

isa next j

139 END

)QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQO

Commander May 1983/41

Circle No. 43

TAYLORMADE SOFTWARE • TAYLORMADE

Expanded offering of Educational Software
for the COMMODORE 64

• Touch Typing Tutor (TTT64) diskette $24.95

cassette $19.95

Ideal for typing students or computer users. Learn to type with all
fingers on your computer's keyboard by following the keyboard and
finger placement pictured on your TV screen. 19 lessons fully de-
scribed in 12-page manual. Select PRACTICE and type computer
generated pseudo words for your rate and list of errors. Select TEXT
and practice English words for limed test of any duration.

for the VIC-20

• Touch Typing Tutor 3.0 (TTT5K) cassette $19 95

Has same features as TTT64 above. Will run on basic VIC. Four
separate programs. Enhanced version now provides practice typing
English words. Includes 12-page manual. Selected by Denver Public
Schools to train 700 elementary students in keyboard skills.

• Fun Fractions (FF+8K) diskette $24 95

cassette $19.95
The fun way to learn addition, subtraction, multiplication, and divi-
sion of fractions for grades 4-9 with sound, color, and graphics.
Watch VIC show you all the intermediate steps on the screen black-
board. Then take a turn and see if you can answer before the
parachute lumper crashes. Three levels of difficulty. Help is given
for incorrect answers: learn your score. Requires 8K (or more)
memory expansion. Includes 16-page manual.

Foreign orders payable US dollars plus $3.00 shipping/handling

TAYLORMADE SOFTWARE

P.O. BOX 5574 HUH

Lincoln, NE 68505 "^

(402) 464-9051

Commodore &d and VIC-20 are trademarks ol Commodore Business Machines. Inc.

Circle No. 44

TAYLORMADE SOFTWARE • TAYLORMADE £

COMMODORE 64-

ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE

General Ledger $ 129.95

Detail G/L Income Stmt. • Bal. Sheet Journals • Budget
Variance Stmt. • Trial Bal. Cash Flaw Analysis • 300
Chart of Accounts • 700 J /E .

Payroll System $ 129.95

Emp. Time Card Lists • Work. Comp. Rept. Ck. Register

• W-2 Forms • Payroll Cks. •941 Reports Employee Wage
Analysis • Pre-Pymt. Register Emp. Info. Labels • 300
Emp, YTD • Hourly Employees (50).

Accounts Payable $ 129.95

Purchases Journal • Vendor Report • Prepayment Reg.

• Open Invoices (300) • Cash Register Projection

Accounts Receivable $ 129.95

Cus. Sales History • Cust. List (300) • Sales Journals*
Inv. Income Pro|. • Cust. Stmts. • Lobels • Open Inv. (300)

Client Accounting $ 229.95

Everything a bookkeeping service needs to keep books for
a typical small business client. Includes all features on

G/L, plus the ability to produce disbursements registers,

941-B Forms and W-2 Forms.

Eoch of the modules includes all logic to allow it to post to
the G/L. All interface logic for these systems is included in
this software. This is a simple disk system. It will operate
on a Commodore 64, using a 1541 disk drive.

ORDER FROM

TEXAS TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC.

3115 W. Loop, S., Suite 26 . Houston, Tex. 77027

PH: (713) 965-9977

Dealer Inquiries Welcome
VISA & Master Card Accepted

Si a /COMPUTERS

BRINGS YOU THESE NEW ITEMS!

5 1 / 4 " FLOPPY DISCS, Boxes of 10, Guaranteed
5 yrs. 12MM Passes. . . SS, SD $20.30/SS,DD
S23.10/DS DP $27.30

C-10 Blank Cassette Tapes, Case of 50,
screw- pac Commercial Grade. , . $25,00

The TAPEWORM™ the Amazing Cassette
Recorder interface for all COMMODORE™
Products. . . $24.95

COMPUTER FURNITURE, All styles and sizes

Ask for our catalog

S w COMPUTERS

SPEECH SYNTHESIZER • by METAVOX™ for
Vic-20™ and COMMODORE™ 64. . . $168.00

BACK ISSUES • COMPUTE! Magazine • 5 Issue
minimum, $2.50 per issue, specify month

A/V Interface for COMMODORE™ 64. . . $19.95

VISA, MASTERCHARGE, No COD's

Prices exclude delivery cost (aiiow 30 days delivery)

Dealer Inquiries Invited

1125 N.E. 82nd

Portland, OR 97220, (503) 257-9464

42/Commander May 1983

Circle No. 40

Build Your Own Computer Table

by Spike Btckei
Chicago, IL

After spending about three months
puzzling over which personal com-
puter to buy, I decided on a Com-
modore 64. My only problem was a
place to put it in my apartment. My
desk was not deep enough to hold
both the computer and the monitor in
a position that I could see the monitor
while typing on the keys.

I then made the rounds of furniture
stores to locate a table. Either they
were too shallow or too high, I wanted
a table of typing height so my hands
would not be level with my chest. I
finally found a table made of plywood
with an oak veneer for $160. 1 couldn't
see paying that much since I planned
to paint it. I decided to build my own.
The cost? $29 plus paint, which I
already had.

The materials I needed were:
1-4x8x 3 /4 particle board cut as in dia-
gram; 4-3V2 corner irons; 31-1V4 flat
head wood screws; 1 pint primer-
sealer; 1 quart paint.

The tools I used were a jigsaw, drill
(for starter holes and counter sinking),
and a screw driver.

Procedure:

1 . Have the lumber yard make the
cuts in the sheet of board. Make sure
they cut them in order numerically.

2. Cut the notches in pieces 1 and 2.

3. Attach piece 1 to 2 then 1 to 3.
1 sits on top of 2 and 3.

4. Attach 4 to the back of the table
so the top edge is 1 2 inches from the
floor.

5. Attach 5 to 6 then this to 1
2. This makes a monitor stand.

6. Attach 7 to the bottom of 1
front of 4. Use 8 as a spacer.

7. Lay 8 between 7 and 3. Rest the
back on 4. Level and attach to 7, 3
and 4.

8. Prime and paint.

I am not a carpenter, but was able

and

to assemble this in about two hours and is perfect for me (and I hope for
with the help of a friend. It is sturdy, you, too). Now, if only the postman
large enough to hold a future printer, would bring my computer. □

TAHLE TOP

#1
24 x 60

6 x 14

EXTENSION *!

LEFT SIDE
#2
24 x 26 1/4

o
<*>

H
SO

R STAND #6
5 1/4 x 14

LEFT SHELF

#8
18 x 18 5/4

CENTER

BRACE

18 x 26 1/4

Commander May 1983/43

Formatting and Error Checking-
A Time Saving Algorithm

by Tony La Martina
Pittsburg, PA

Due to an error in our March/April
issue the program was deleted. We
apologize for the inconvenience.

The Editor

REflDV.

5 PRINTS

10 INPUT 1 ' u ;

20 R=VRL<Rf;-

38 PR I NTS PCv

28 >'

ir ■ :

IHFUT"

" ;B*

4© B=VflL<BS>

58 DEFFHR<C>

= INT'::C*100+.5>,

■'100

68 C=A. % e

78 C$=STP:SKFNRO:

: ;> ;>

80 x$=RIGHT*

cot.

'7-' >

98 IF LEFT*<

<$ ,1

S ti

" THEN

C$=C*+"0"

180 IF C=INT

< c >

THEN

c*=*c*+ " . ee "

118 PRIHTSPC

<68-

■LEN<

«)''"J

'C*

128 GOTO 18

138 END

RERDV-

^ERDV.

5 REM FORMATTING DEMO N/ERROR CHECKING,

AUDIBLE

RLERT

7 REM RND INVALID ENTRY ERR

SURE

19 PRINT ,, 3"

20 INPUT" IMH";fl£

30 K=LEN'::R$;:-

40 FOR J=1TDK

58 IF RSCa'1ID£CR*^i::0<45

OR flSC<MID$<

m„3,i>:

J>57 THEN J=K

: GOTO 1008

55 IF LEH-Cfl*»7 THEN 1080

6© NEXT

78 fi«VRL<H*>

S0 PRIHTSPC<2^>^^^lH=tJT^

mr;B*

9Q K=LENCB$>

100 FDR J=1TDK

110 IF ft©Ci«I0*<B^>J^l>^<4S

OR RSCaiID$<B£,J,i:

0>57 THEN J=

K: GOTO 1858

115 IF LEH<B*»7 THEN1Q58

120 NEXT

138 B=VRL<B*>

135 IF 6*="&" THEN C*=" .00"

:GOTO200

1 48 DEFFNfl < C > = I NT < C* 1 00+ . 5 >

/1 08

iS0 C=fi/B

44/Commander May 1983

160 C* ^ST R * < F NfK C > >

170 X£=RIGHT$<C:£ r 2>

186 IF LEFT*<K*^t>»- ,i i« THEN C^=C*+ ,, G"

190 IF C*INT<C> THEN C*=C*+" . 00"

£80 PRINTSPC<6B-LEH<C*>>"3"C*

210 G0T02S

999 REM INVRLID ENTRV ERASURE

1000 GGSUB5000:REM RUDIBLE RLERT
1010 PRINTCHR*<:22>

1020 PR I NT" 33" ' :GOTQ20
1050 GOSUBS000:REM RUDIBLE RLERT
1 06© PR I HTTRB < 1 B > ; CHR* < 22 >
1 070 PR I NT " U" : GOTO?©
4399 REM RUDIBLE RLERT SUBROUTINE
5000 FOR 1=1 TG3

5010 P0KE59467..1S sP0KE59464,5@:P0KE59466, 106
5820 FOR T=1TO100:NEKT T
5030 P0KE59464 „ 75 : PGKE59466 , 1 75
5040 FOR T=l TO 100s NEXT T

5050 NEXT I :POKE59467,0:POKE59464,0:FOKE59466 |P
5060 PRIHT"3r
5O70 RETURN
REflOV.

COMMODORE USERS

Join the largest, active Commodore
users group in North America and get —

— Access to club library of over
3000 free programs.

— Informative club newsletter.

— The latest information about the
PET®, CBM™, VIC 20™, Super-
PET™ and Commodore 64™.

Send $20.00 ($30.00 overseas) for
Associate Membership to:

Toronto Pet Users Group

Department "D"

1912A Avenue Road, Suite 1

Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5M 4A1

■■"'CQiflPu SEniSEiii

QUICK BROWN FOX $60.95

The #1 word processor!

GENERAL LEDGER $19.95

(VIC-20)

CHECK MINDER

vie 20 $19.95 c 64 $24.95

HOME INVENTORY $19.95

(VIC-20)

CENTIPOD $27.95

Like Centiped. only better!

FROGEE $27.95

The exciting arcade game of Frogger.

MOTOR MOUSE $29.95

What a cheese'ee game!

CRIBBAGE
vic-20 $14.95 c 64 $1 7.95

This is the game of Cribbage

STAR TREK
vic-20 $12.95 c 64 $17.95

Excellent adventure game 1

MASTER MIND
vie 20 $12.95 c 64 $19.95

Makes you think

ROACH MOTEL $9.95

Kill the bugs!

YAHTZEE 1.1 $12.95
YAHTZEE2.1 $14.95

TO ORDER:
P. O BOX 18765
WICHITA. KS 67218
(316) 263-1095

Personal checks accepted fwr^nicad)

(Allow 3 weeks) or \S*~-X—S\

C.O.D (Add S2.00)

indling charges $2.00

IC-20 1 ' is a registered trademark of Commodore

Circle No. 45

Circle I

Commander May 1983/45

Game-CONTEST

The Game Contest is a continuing feature of Com-
mander magazine aimed at providing entertainment for
and promoting competition among our readers. United
Microware Industries has graciously provided us with
February's Game Contest.

DEADLINE FOR ENTRIES:
JULY 1, 1983

Trashman may be purchased from Creative Software
or any one of its fine dealers:

230 East Caribbean Drive
Sunnyvale, CA
1-408-745-1655

46/Commander May 1983

Terms for
Game Contest

First prize will be awarded to the
person with the highest score. The
winning entry must contain a photo-
graph of the highest score of the
game, a Creative Software package
front and proof of purchase slip.

Entries must be mailed to Com-
mander, Creative Software Contest,
PO Box 98827, Tacoma, WA 98498.
All entries must be mailed, as
postmarks are required to determine
the earliest winning entry. In the event
of a tie, duplicate prizes will be award-
ed. Employees of Creative Software
and their families may not participate.
First prize will be $250, second prize
$100, third prize $50.

The contest will run until a first prize
is awarded. Creative Software will
notify Commander Magazine of the
winner(s).

Winners of
Escape MCP are:

1st Prize:
Karen Dantes, Milford, Ml

2nd Prize:
Eric Pefley, Seattle, WA

3rd Prize:
Kelly Shackleford,
Tacoma, WA

Final tune was "Stars &
Stripes Forever."

©VINSANDER

- — g- JS '*^ w

Oh/k COMMANDER will do all this

GUIDE

INSTRUCT

ENTERTAIN

SIMPLIFY

INFORM

Subscribe now and

Reports that give you hands-on, user oriented information on the entire range of
Commodore Computers • More comparison charts, diagrams, instructional illustra-
tions, and how-to photos than any other publication in the field • Articles written
by the top working experts in the field.

Innovative ways to use your computer equipment— from self-improvement
to home security • Valuable tricks and practical advice on how to get the most from
your investment in the high tech field of computers • In depth and unbiased analyses
of the latest in educational software.

Fascinating glimpses into the wonders of the computer future • Profiles of
the industry's most creative people • Provocative discussions on the impact com-
puters will have on you and your family.

Critical comparisons of the Commodore Computers • Exactly how your
computer equipment works • What those computer "buzz words" mean and ex-
pensive "special features" do • Useful trouble-shooting & maintenance advice.

An expanded directory of the latest programs on ROM-PAK, tape and disc

• New product previews of the latest and best equipment on the market • Exciting
technologies in development for tomorrow • Important applications of computers
for health, education, business, and the public good • New directions in computers

• Much More . . .

take advantage of our Limited Offer of $4 off the one year subscriptions

—Subscription Orders Only-
Toll Free Number: 1-800-426-1830
{except WA, HI, AK)

COMMANDER

PO BOX 98827

TACOMA, WASHINGTON 98498

(206) 565-6818

D 1 YR. $22 □ 2 YR. $40

□ 3 YR. $58

(Prices do not include $4 discount)
Prices in U.S. Funds

Washington residents please add 7.8% sales tax
Allow 5-6 weeks for delivery.

DON'T MISS OUT

on the most informative
magazine dedicated to the
COMMODORE COMPUTERS

HAVE YOU GOT WHAT
IT TAKES TO BE A

©MNSANDER

Commander May 1983/47

GAME PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENT KIT

for the

VIC - 20 and COMMODORE - 64

Registered trademarks of Commodore Busness Machines, Inc.

SIX TOOLS TO HELP YOU WRITE YOUR OWN
FAST ACTION ARCADE-STYLE GAMES

DECODER — Decodes programs written in machine language (like game cartridges, utility cartridges, and even the
computer's own internal operating programs). Produces a program in an English-like language (Assembler) which can
be studied to figure out how they did it. The programs created with the decoder can be customized with the EDITOR
AND INCORPORATED INTO YOUR OWN NEW GAME PROGRAM. The ASSEMBLER turns your programs
created with the Decoder and the Editor back into machine language and puts them out to tape or disk so the LOADER
can load them into the computer's memory to be tested and RUN. The MONITOR assists you in debugging your new
game program by allowing you to run it a step at a time and making modifications if you need to. The INSTRUCTION
GUIDE is written so thai even a beginner can learn the skills needed to become a pro!!!

DESIGNED TO RUN ON ALL VIC-20's

$49.95 plus $2.00 p&h buys the kit that could make you rich. Why wait?

Send check, M.O, T VISA/MC {S2.00 s.c\, please include e>

date), or specify COD (add S3 .00) to:

P.O. Box 207, Cannon Falls, MN 55009
507-263-4821

Circle No. 17

Win A FREE
Commodore 64™ Computer

Can You Beat
PARATROOPER?

10 Prize Winners

A New Commodore 64 will be awarded to the person with the highest score. The winning entry
must contain a photograph of the highest score of the game.

PARATROOPER »!*<**»

REALISTIC SMOOTH ACTION AND TRUE HI-RES GRAPHICS

1st Prize

CBM64

2nd Prize

Disk Drive

3rd Prize

$200 worth of Software

4th - 10th Prize

$100 worth of Software

JOYSTICK

OR
KEYBOARD

PARATROOPER a High Resolution game that doesn't let you make any mistakes. You
are in command. Helicopters fill the sky, (and we mean fill the sky!), dropping
paratroopers. Your mission is to keep 3 paratroopers from hitting the ground on eitheT
side of your gun. But that's just the beginning. You score by hitting the helicopters or the
paratroopers, but if you miss a shot it subtracts from your score. Therefore, you must
make every shot count to make a high score! IT HAS FOUR FAST ACTION LEVELS
TO CHALLENGE THE BEST PLAYER. The High Resolution graphics helicoptors are
fantastic. They look exactly like helicopters! The paratroopers are super realistic. Their
chutes open and then they drift down to earth. If this weren't^nough the sounds are
fantastic. There are helicopter blades whirring and you can hear the howitzer pumping
shells. This game really show off the sound and graphic capabilities of you VIC.
PARATROOPER IS OUR #1 SELLING ARCADE GAME, you've got to see this game to
believe it. $19.95

Order your copy today or see your dealer.
Will you get the top score?

RULES

1. All entries must be mailed, as postmarks are required to determine the earliest winning entry. In the I
event of a tie the postmark will determine the winner.

2. Deadline (or entries is July 31. 1983.

3. Proof of purchase must be provided. Return your entry with package front and proof of purchase slip |
and photo.

4. ENTRIES MUST BE MAILED TO: PARATROOPER CONTEST, P.O. Box 388. Lake Havasu |
City. AZ 86403

5. Game contest void where prohibited.

6. Contest begins April 2, 1983. All entries must be postmarked by July 31. 1983.Contest ends July 31.
1983.

7. Winners will be notified by mail. Public notice of winners will be printed in this and other computer I
magazines.

8. Only one entry per person please — all duplicates will be discarded.

9. There wilt be 10 winners lor a 1st. 2nd & 3rd pTize. Prizes (or 4th • 10th will be for software.
10. Contesi is limited to U.S.A.. Properties and Canada only.

ComputerMat . P.O. Box 1664T . Lake Havasu City, Arizona 86403

Circle No 12

Game Reviews

Trashman

by Robert L. Foster
Salt Lake City, UT
Creative Software
230 East Caribbean Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 745-1655

Now I know this will sound a bit
strange, but Creative Software has
developed a fun and exciting com-
puter game called Trashman. With a
name like that, I was curious to say the
least!

It turned out to be a fun game for all
ages, easy to play, but difficult to
describe. There are various skill levels
which makes it adaptable for younger
children.

As the "trashman' , you are allowed
three garbage trucks, but only one at
a time. When the game starts you are
in your yellow truck ready to go. You
must maneuver your truck across the
screen picking up dots of litter, while
you are being pursued by four "evil"
flies. Spaced at intervals are six trash
cans. If an evil fly touches you before
you reach a trash can you get "cann-
ed; 1 if you'll pardon the pun!

However, if you reach a trash can,
you can turn on your pursuers and
gobble them up! Your truck has two
arms with which it picks up the trash.
While you and the flies battle each
other, little worms in the center of the

50/Commander May 1983

screen regenerate into flies, which will
come in pursuit.

At the beginning, when you first turn
on the game, the "William Tell Over-
ture" starts off the game. When all
three of your trucks lose their battle
against the evil flies, you will hear a
mournful "taps" being played.

Despite the bizarre name, this game
is fast moving, requires skill, and will
provide many hours of family fun,
especially for younger members. We
let some younger relatives, girls and
boys, ages 7 through 12, play the
game and they were thoroughly en-
tranced by this unusual video game
and had no difficulty with it at all.D

Skibbereen

by Robert L. Foster
Salt Lake City, UT
United Microware Industries

3503-C Temple Avenue

Pomona, CA 91768

(714) 594-1351

For a change of pace, let's go to old
Ireland, land of rainbows, pots of gold,
and leprechauns. As the old Irish tale
goes "At the end of the rainbow, there
a pot o' gold will be!' so also with this
new game developed by Joanne Lee
for United Microware Industries.

The object is to break through the
rainbows and get to the pot full of gold.
While trying to get to the treasure,
snakes appear in front of the two rain-
bows and try to eat the ball which you
are using to break through.

The fascination of this game lies in
its unusual sound. A series of Irish jigs
play during the entire game. A bit
distracting at first, you come to realize
that the music is what makes the game
lively and fun.

Skibbereen has nine skill levels,
each progressively more difficult.

When a rainbow has been complete-
ly destroyed, a leprechaun does a live-
ly jig and the pace of the game in-
creases a full skill level.

This game has about the best sound
of any available for the VIC. The
graphics are good also. The rainbows
are quite colorful, the pots of gold glit-
ter like the real thing, and the snakes
slither like snakes.

Skibbereen rates very well in sound
quality, and the graphics are good.
The skill levels are well defined so that
almost all could play and enjoy this
game. Even if you don't play the game
and just listen to the lilting Irish music,
you'll enjoy it very much.D

Astroblitz

by Robert L. Foster
Salt Lake City, UT
Creative Software

230 East Caribbean Drive

Sunnyvale, CA 94086

(408) 745-1655

Earth is being taken over by hostile
aliens! You are the only one who can
stop them. Their spaceships patrol the
sky, red and green lights flashing from
their windows. Bullets from the alien
craft plaster the sky trying to find and
destroy your cruiser as you fire back,
dodging left and right, up and down.
You must stay alert so you do not run
into an occasional enemy bomb.

WARNING: Keep your distance when
shooting at the bombs. The debris
from the explosions shower the sky and
a stray piece of shrapnel may just find
your ship. While shooting at the aliens,
dodging their bullets and bombs, alien
guntowers riddle the sky hoping to find
you. If you think the action is fast and
furious, wait until the aliens unleash
their guppies! That's right, guppies!
But don't let the name fool you. These
guppies are flying, fish-like creatures
that become relentless assassins from
which there is no escape. They will
pursue you until you are destroyed or
you destroy them. Oddly enough,
these deadly creatures carry the
lowest points possible!

Since aliens have captured most of
the cities, they have put deadly force
fields or charges around them.
Touching these force fields means
death.

While cruising through space
fighting these deadly perils, you have
the aid of a radar scanner which per-
mits you to see UFO's, guntowers,
guppies, cities and buildings before
reaching them. There are brackets like
gunsights allowing you to zero in on
enemy targets.

Astroblitz is a suspenseful, fast mov-
ing game. Perhaps those with heart
conditions should leave it alone. But
for you other space adventurers, this is
the game for you. You will thrill to this
action packed game.

Tom Griner who developed the
game for Creative Software, has nearly
outdone himself this time. The color,
sound, and detailed features are ab-
solutely excellent. To some, the game
may seem a bit difficult to master, but
anyone over twelve who has fast
reflexes and a little free time can
thoroughly enjoy Astroblitz. A good
game pays off! You get to put your in-
itials up on the built-up "top ten"
scoreboard.

At the start of the game, you receive
five ships. This doesn't seem near
enough firepower to save the earth.
But after scoring 2200 on the score-
board, the screen turns brilliant green,
and you get a new squadron; after five
thousand points you get another new
ship to join your attack force.

Take it from an Astroblitz addict; this

new game will provide many hours of
fun and excitement on your VIC.Lj

Choplifter

by Robert L. Foster
Salt Lake City, UT
Creative Software
230 East Caribbean Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 745-1655

The enemy has taken sixty-four of
your citizens hostage! Your mission:

Fly your chopper into enemy territory
and rescue the captives. This is a most
dangerous assignment. The enemy
has tanks, planes and satellites bent
on knocking your chopper out of the
air or destroying it on the ground.
While you are in the air you are able
to defend yourself and can destroy
tanks, planes, and satellites. However,
once you have landed and are loading
the hostages enemy tanks can destroy
you, your chopper and the people you
are trying to rescue! You can carry on-
ly sixteen hostages per trip.

The hostages are in separate
buildings, sixteen hostages in each
building. If an enemy plane bombs a
building the hostages are free to
run— but enemy tanks are all about
waiting for them! You must demon-
strate your skill as a chopper pilot to
stay alive, gather the captives and get
back to your base! If you escape with
the first load you must return to rescue
the others. You must do this three
more times until all sixty-four have
been rescued or otherwise accounted
for. In the event you get shot down,
you have two more choppers waiting
to go. So you actually have three
choppers to help get the job done.

Enemy planes become more
numerous as the game intensifies.
They will try to bomb you on the
ground and even while you are in the
air trying to get back to your base.
Enemy satellites also try to destroy you
by chasing you.

Because of the superb sound and
tremendous graphics you actually feel
like you are on a combat mission. Your
chopper sounds exactly like a real
chopper. It responds to the joystick ex-
actly as a real helicopter would. The
hostages scurry about, the enemy
tanks and planes are very real.

This excellent game was created by
Tom Griner for Creative Software and
has arcade quality features. The only
minor disadvantage is that the game
isn't overly difficult to master. Perhaps
that isn't a disadvantage! Choplifter is
always a fun and exciting game even
when you've mastered it. The entire
family can enjoy many hours of ex-
citing fun with the new Choplifter
game.^

Commander May 1983/51

Product Reviews

Spritemaster 64™
Program Description

The SPRITEMASTER 64™ anima-
tion program is designed as a sprite
generator and editor for use by pro-
grammers or as a fun and creative
playmate for children or adults.

Sprites are moveable object blocks
which, through the power of the new
Commodore 64 computer, can be
made to imitate almost any moving
object.

SPRITEMASTER™ helps you build
your sprite, then copy and modify it to
produce a sequence of pictures which
represent the object in motion. The
ANIMATE command will then put
each picture on the screen in rapid
succession to create the animation.
This is similar to what takes place in a
movie projector where still
photographs, each a slightly different
picture, are rapidly projected one after
another onto the screen to produce a
"motion picture."

SPRITEMASTER™ lets you modify
your sprite picture sequence to pro-
duce colors, shapes and sizes which
give the best effect. In addition, you
may change the speed of animation
(the rate at which the still frames are
displayed) or the speed of travel (the
vertical or horizontal movement across
the screen).

Once you have created your animat-
ed figure, you can save the informa-
tion to tape or disk for retrieval at a later
time. You may want to refine several
figures for use in a game program.

Although SPRITEMASTER™ is not
a game program, it is a program to
create game objects. For example, it
cannot display a pitcher throwing a
baseball to a catcher. It can, however,
be used to create the pitcher as a
separate sprite, including the throwing

52/Commander May 1983

motion, then the baseball as another
sprite, and then the catcher as the final
sprite. Each object is created separate-
ly and then transferred to other pro-
grams for interaction and movement
as desired. The programmer's
reference section provides guidance
on how to manipulate sprites in your
own programs.

As a learning companion for
children, SPRITEMASTER™ helps
teach artistry and creativity. Children
can experience the excitement of first
visualizing the still picture sequence in-
volved in motion and then seeing their
creations spring to life on the screen.

Access Software Inc., 925 East 900
South, Salt Lake City, (800) 532-

1134.D- Circle No. 74

Current Product Review
8000 Series &
Commodore-64

Legal Plus

This is an enhanced version of Legal
Time Accounting with TRUST and RE-
TAINER tracking. LTA has sold more
than 800 copies. CALENDAR/80 can
be integrated.
CALENDAR/80

A Calendar/Scheduling module for
legal, medical and dental packages.
This module is also available as a
stand alone product.
MAS

More than 400 sold. Designed for
the small medical office.
DAS

An open item, treatment plan
oriented dental accounting system for
the small dental office. More than 1 50
sold.
ULTRA

WordCraft ULTRA, the supreme
word processing package.
EXECUTIVE

Combines THE MANAGER with

ULTRA in one interactive package.
CMAR

A machine code file handling pro-
gram for sophisticated programmers.
Comp-U-Cost

The most comprehensive job
costing program available.
INSTA-WRITER

A simple to use CARTRIDGE bas-
ed word processing package for the
COMMODORE-64.
ULTRA CALC

New for the 8096 series and the
soon to be released 500 and 700
series computers is WordCraft
ULTRA CALC.

Built into ULTRA is a full function
calculator with MEMORY, CONS-
TANT, PERCENTAGES, MIXED
CALCULATIONS and to 9
DECIMAL PLACES.

All calculations are performed on the
4th line and then transferred
anywhere in text. Horizontal and ver-
tical calculations are simple two key
functions.

SPREADSHEET work can now be
accomplished after a 10 minute train-
ing period.
DISPLAY BRACKETS LAST OP

[ ] [ ] [ ]

MEMORY CONSTANT

[ ] [ ] [ ]

Invoices, purchase orders, sales
orders and other business forms can
all be done easily and automatically,
Fill File Selection

Also included in ULTRA CALC is
field selectable sort and wild card
search features.

Much of the DATA BASE work that
people need to perform is served by
this kind of capability.

By building TEMPLATES, the user
can establish ARGUMENTS that are
equal to, greater than, less than, not
equal to, less than or equal to, greater

than or equal to or within a specified
range.

This is an extremely powerful
capability and adds a dimension not
approached by any competitive word
processing package on any micro
system.
MORE...

A KEYWORD SECURITY system for
"secret" documents, cursor move-
ment between pages, filling form alien
files, disk directory print out, communi-
cations for different modems and sup-
port for parallel printers are also
included.
HYDRA

HYDRA is a true Local Area Net-
work (LAN) system for the Com-
modore 8000 series. Up to 128 com-
puters (autonomous nodes) may
operate within the network. The basic
configuration for each computer is a
printed circuit card, a twisted pair
cable and resident ROM microcode.

HYDRA allows any network site to
access disk units or printers at other
sites. Any number of disk units may be
accessed by each computer on the
network. A multi-user DOS (MUDOS)
supplied with each HYDRA allows
each disk unit to handle 50 relative files
simultaneously.

System speed is 250K baud (30,000
characters per second) at a maximum
distance of 3000 feet. Smaller network
configurations allow for longer
distances.

Typical uses are education,
resource sharing, electronic mail and
multi-user applications development.
SYSTEM 96

SYSTEM 96 is a language system
for the 8096. It allows programs of up
to 80K-bytes to be run and supports
an enhanced version of BASIC 4.0.

It operates in a dual mode in that
BASIC code can either be interpreted
or compiled (DTL-BASIC compiler). By
using powerful OVERLAYS, programs
up to two and half times larger than
before can be run.
64K Board

Available in March from Cimarron is
a compact and versatile 64K add on
board for the 8032. It is 100% com-
patible, very small and cool running
and includes provision for up to 4
ROMS or EPROMS on the board itself.

DTL Compiler

This is a two pass compiler that is
currently available for the 8000 series
and soon to be released for the 500,
700 and Commodore-64 series
computers.

It is fully compatible with BASIC pro-
grams including machine code
routine. The compilers run smaller and
faster than their competitors.

Approximately 55 times faster than
interpreted code.

INSTA SERIES

Following INSTA-WRITER are five
additional Commodore-64 car-
tridge/disk based products for release
over the next three months.

All are professionally packaged with
point of sale exciters such as posters
and placards.

The MAIN LINE PUNCH of these
products are "INSTANT" operation
and ease of use. The products will
carry the same message and indentity
throughout, whether a graphing
package, a spreadsheet package or
personal finance.

All will stress personal productivi-
ty as their hallmark.

WordCraft 64

Due for April release is WordCraft 64
featuring all the capabilities of the 80
column version.
META MUSIC

Just finished and released to Com-
modore is META MUSIC I. This pro-
gram fully exploits the features of Com-
modore's SID chip in the 64.

With META MUSIC I, the operator
can score, orchestrate, compose, pro-
gram custom sounds and single/multi-
part record.

EDIT mode will include keyboard
notation, step sequencing, auto tem-
po generation and 3 pseudo voices for
special effects and pitch blending and
sweeping. The user may score in
muscial notation with run time options
including voices, passages, tempo,
and measures. Video scanning will
also be available.

PLAY mode will assemble all of the
above options operationally.

For more imformation about these
and other Cimarron products, please
contact us direct or drop us a line:
CIMARRON, 666 Baker Street, Suite
319, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, (714)

641 -11 56 □ Circle No. 75

VIC 20/PET/CBM OWNERS

WALLBANGER - Blast your way through the dodgem, blast'm,
and attack modes. If you destroy the bouncing balls before they destroy
you, the walls close in for the next round. WALLBANGER is written in
machine language, has great sound, and encourages complex strategies.

CA8S/5K/VIC 20

ALL 40/80 COLUMN PETS & CBMS (Includes Shipping/Handling) $1 9.95

(CALIF. RES. ADD 6% SALES TAX]

CHICKEN CHASE - Help your hapless hen avoid hungry
chicken hawks, sneaky coyotes, and fiendish zompys. If your chicken gets
into trouble, "hyper-hen" to a new spot on the maze. If your chicken
travels the entire maze, you advance to the next level where the action is
faster and the predators more numerous. Hi-res graphics, great sounds,
and machine language help make CHICKEN CHASE a hilarious fun-filled
game for the whole family.

CASS/5K/VIC-20 (Includes Shipping/Handling) 819.95

[CALIF. RES. ADD 6% SALES TAX]

ROADTOAD - Hop your toad across 5 lanes of traffic, avoid
deadly snakes, and dodge the dreaded toad-eaters. Cross a raging river
full of logs, turtles, alligators, and park your toad in the safety of a harbor.
Each time you park 5 toads, you enter a tougher level where the action is
faster and the toad-eaters are more numerous. ROADTOAD is written in
machine language and uses high resolution graphics. The sound effects are
excellent and you can use a joystick or the keyboard to control your toad.

CASS/5K/VIC 20 (Includes Shipping/Handling) $19.95

[CALIF. RES. ADD 6% SALES TAX]

wnfceFor NIBBLES S, BITS, INC. WriteFor

FREE P.O. BOX 2044 free

Catalog ORCUTT, CA 93455 Catalog

VIC 20/PET/CBM OWNERS

Circle No. 30

Commander May 1983/53

About two years ago I found myself
in an awkward position that many
other people have also experienced.
I had three Roms that all resided at the
same address. This is really no pro-
blem since swapping the Roms was
not at all a hard task. The problem
arises because the pins on the Rom
and the actual socket started to take
a beating after a number of insertions.
I found that if the pins were not break-
ing off then some of the contacts on
the COMMODORE motherboard were
not making proper electrical connec-
tion. One thing led to another until I
decided to get A QUADRA ROM and
solve the problem once and for all.

Multiple ROMs Reside
at the Same Address

The QUADRA ROM is a small board
for the COMMODORE computer that
allows four Roms to reside at the same
address. It is manufactured by a com-
pany called MICROM in TORONTO.
This is very handy since now I could
have all my Roms present in the com-
puter at the same time and choose the
one I needed at the time. This seem-
ed all fine and dandy until my collec-
tion of roms grew to six. I was very
happy to know that the QUADRA
ROM could be stacked therefore
allowing seven Roms to reside at the
same address. I placed the second
QUADRA ROM into the first socket of
the first one I had installed. Now I
could select the second board just as
if it were a Rom and then select the
Rom I wanted to use on board number
two. There was no need for any buf-
fering since the seven Roms will not
draw enough current to warrant it. The

54/Commander May 1983

QUADRA ROM is flexible in that it will
allow both 2k (271 6's) and 4k (2532's)
to be used whereas some other similar
products will not. A friend of mine is
using his QUADRA ROM so that he
may use more than one character
generator in his 8032.

Choice of Switches Available

Installation of the board is extreme-
ly simple although well documented
nevertheless and I am sure that
anyone could install one without any
trouble. (IF YOU ARE REALLY SQUIR-
MISH I AM SURE YOUR DEALER
WOULD INSTALL IT.) It sits on a com-
ponent platform that plugs into the
Rom socket that you wish to use it for.
The platform has small but sturdy in-
sertion pins so your main socket will
not be damaged by the device. The
board itself consists of four empty
sockets, one dip switch, an integrated
circuit, three resistors and the compo-
nent platform with a standoff. The
Roms may even be switched in and
out without powering down your com-
puter which in itself is a big time saver.
An exception to the last statement is
a rom that uses the IRQ unless you
choose to reset it yourself before swit-
ching the Rom out. It has been com-
pletely reliable for me and many
friends that I know are using it.

I mentioned dip switch because the
board that I have uses an internal
switch for the selection of the Roms.
The board is also available with an ex-
ternal switch for the people who don't
like to peek under the cover of their
computers. A lot of business men
choose the external switch over the in-
ternal. The integrated circuit is being

used to decode a binary number from

to 3 for the selection of the Roms.
Since the decoder really doesn't care
how it gets it's information you could
very easily hook up two wires to your
parallel port and select the Rom you
want via software. I choose not to do
this since I am not sure what some of
the Roms are doing for the software.

1 would hate to find out that after spen-
ding an hour or so with any given pro-
gram that the Rom toggles the control
line and switches in another Rom. If
you are using your own software then
this could not inadvertently happen.

When we get to the bottom line I
guess the price is the real seller of this
device. It lists for $39.95 which is a
bargain any way you look at it. Other
similar devices on the market have
sold for as much as $1 06. There have
been a few that also sold for approx-
imately the same price but only allow-
ed two Roms or only allowed you to
use 2k chips. It seems that most of
these have slowly disappeared but the
QUADRA ROM lives on.

I believe that the QUADRA ROM
was only available in Canada before
but some good resources have told
me that it has just been picked up by
a new marketing company and will be
available in the States very shortly. I
would keep my eyes open for the
future ads, especially in magazines
such as this one since it seems an ob-
vious place that a company would
want to advertise a product for COM-
MODORE use.

In summary I highly recommend this
well built device for any one who uses
software utilizing Roms and for just
S39.95-THE PRICE IS RIGHT.D

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ducts

PEDISK II FLOPPY DISK SYSTEM:

A Product Review

by Louis F. Sander
Pittsburgh, PA

The PEDISK II is an inexpensive and
expandable disk drive system for
Commodore PET/CBM computers. If
you're thinking about a disk drive for
one of those machines, you ought to
look into PEDISK II.

Unlike the Commodore drives,
which use the IEEE port, the PEDISK
II plugs into a ROM socket inside the
PET/CBM. To install the PEDISK II, you
remove one of the Commodore ROMs
and plug it into the PEDISK II controller
board (Figure 1). The board then plugs
into the vacant ROM socket, and a
cable connecting the drive or drives
plugs into it. Four additional connec-
tions inside the PET are made by high-
quality clip connectors. The PEDISK
manual gives clear, step-by-step in-
structions for fitting everything
together, and none of the steps are dif-
ficult at all. The controller board also
contains a ROM of its own, which must
be matched to the ROMs and memory
size of the host machine.

Either 5W or 8" drives can be us-
ed with the controller board, and it is
a simple matter to expand from one to
three drives on a system. All you do
is get the proper cable and plug in the
extra drives. The PEDISK system is
also available for SYM and AIM com-
puters, and disks made on one type
of computer can be easily read on any
of the others. If you have 8" drives, a
standard IBM format is used, allowing
you to exchange disks with many
other machines.

The DOS, or Disk Operating
System, provided with the PEDISK is
designed for simplicity and speed. It
has all the most useful features, with
few frills, so if your ambition is to ex-
plore and work with the DOS itself,
your task is a relatively easy one.
Reading and writing information to the
PEDISK are considerably faster than

56/Commander May 1983

FIGURE 1— PEDISK II Controller Board

the same operations with Commodore
drives. For those who want to use data
files, the PEDISK supports both the se-
quential arid the relative varieties.

To activate the disk, you do a sim-
ple SYS 59904 from your keyboard,
which is rewarded by a short welcome
message. At this point you have eight
BASIC commands available to you, for
performing the most commonly need-
ed functions. ISAVE saves a program
to disk. !LOAD loads it, and !RUN
loads and runs it. ILIST gives a direc-
tory of all programs on the disk, while
other similar commands are used for
file handling.

The !SYS command moves the
system into the so-called "PDOS
Mode," in which you have more direct
control over what is going on, at the
machine language level. In PDOS
mode, single keystrokes can be used
to save or load machine language pro-
grams, to examine memory or disk
sectors/etc. Using this mode, I have
worked out several disk utilities that

were rewarding to write and helpful to
use.

Like most manuals for computer
hardware, the one with the PEDISK is
somewhat difficult to fathom at first.
The functions of some commands and
operations are not immediately ob-
vious, and the first-time user is likely to
spend some time scratching his head.
But with effort comes understanding-
most of the mystery soon disappears,
and the manual quickly becomes a
useful guide to working with the
system. There is a very useful PEDISK
Newsletter, published several times
each year, which gives further hints,
programs, and instructions.

Other documentation, available at
nominal cost, is a Programming
Manual, essential for machine lan-
guage dabblers, and DOS Source
Listings, handy for those who really
want to become expert.

Lots of software is available in
PEDISK II format, including the famous
MAE 6502 assembler, VISICALC,

FIGURE 2— PEDISK II Controller board Installed in PET Logic Board

word processors, various utilities, etc.
There is also an informal user group
whose activities include software
swapping. But if you plan to swap soft-
ware with Commodore disk owners,
you won't be able to do it by swapping
disks, since Commodore and PEDISK
formats are incompatible. I get around
that problem by swapping on cassette
tapes, which has been quite satisfac-
tory for my purposes.

In summary, the PEDISK II is a very
nice way to move beyond the cassette
stage, especially if you want to save
money on a multi-drive system, or if
you want to learn about disk operating
systems in an easy and straightfor-
ward way. Its only real shortcoming is
its incompatibility with Commodore
diskettes, but for me, at least, that is
more than outweighed by its advan-
tages. I'm glad I bought my PEDISK.

The PEDISK II is available in several
configurations from dealers or from
Microtech, P.O. Box 102, Langhorne,
PA 19047.D

FIGURE 3— PEDISK II with 8" Disk Drive

Commander May 1983/57

f— ——— —— ———— i

! •■•■•■!

mmm

Parachute Landing

byK.T. Adkins
ML Sinai, NY

Parachute Landing is a very easy
game to play, but can become rather
frustrating. It is a game well suited to
the screen size of a VIC-20 and can
certainly be modified for use on other
computers. It was created using an
unexpanded VIC-20.

The theme of the game may be
simply stated. As the character * the
player lands in the middle of a forest,
presumably by parachute. He must
then find his way out of the forest
without stepping on one of the 1 5 ran-
domly placed land mines. Points are
scored for the most steps taken to
leave the forest without getting blown
up.

The version shown here is intended
for keyboard control. When RUN, the
title appears followed by instructions
for the player. The construction of the
program is as follows:

As one can see from the PRINTed
version accompanying this article,
lines 4 to 1 9 will display the title follow-
ed by the instructions.

Lines 99 to 140 fill the screen with
green spades used to simulate trees.

Lines 1 50 to 1 80 determine the ran-
dom location of the 1 5 land mines. Of
course, more or less land mines could
be used.

Lines 190 to 290 determine one of
four random locations in the center
area of the forest where the parachute
lands. This may be modified if the
reader would prefer to have the para-
chute land anywhere in the forest.

Lines 300 to 360 display the moves
made by the player, adding 100 points
to the score each time a successful
move is made without hitting a land
mine. As noted earlier, if the player
escapes from the forest by a longer
route, the scores achieved will be
higher. However, taking a longer route
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmimummM

increases ones chances of hitting a
land mine, in which case, all score
points are lost.

Lines 400 to 420 allow the player to
choose another game.

Lines 500 to 509 check to see if a
move resulted in hitting a land mine.

Lines 510 to 520 check to see if a
move resulted in a successful escape
from the forest.

Lines 600 to 613 display the escape
message together with the current
score and the high score.

Lines 700 to 705 create the explo-
sion which results from hitting a land
mine.

Lines 706 to 710 display the appro-
priate message resulting from the ex-
plosion mentioned above.

The program is by no means com-
plex nor is it difficult to understand. It
is presented primarily for the begin-
ning programmer as an illustration of
what can be accomplished by some-
one who has had a VIC-20 for only
three months. As one can see, only a
small amount of color and sound are
used, but additional color and sound
can easily be added. Try, for example,
replacing line 10 with the instructions
GOSUB 1 000 and then adding the fol-
lowing lines to the program:

1C00

T = 36876: V-

36878

1010

P0KS

V,15

1020

READ

Pi IF ?:

= 1 TE

POKE

1030

READ

1040

POKE

T,P: P0R

u =

1 TC

1050

POKE

T,0: FOR

N =

1 TO

20 J

1060

GOTO

1020

1070

DATA

215,250,

215,

,250,

225,

250

1080

DATA

228,250,

231,

,500,

231,

125

1090

DATA

231,125,232,

,250,

219,

250

1100

DATA

219,250,

228,

,500,

Z=g : X*t

5:S=42:CL*144=HS«0

&lH$<i3>>ftR'<£53

PRINT":

2 SK#$$$$$$#^$$'''

PRINT"

* #"

PRINT"

$ PRRRCHUTE *"

PRINT"

* LRNBING *"

PRINT"

$ #«

PRINT"
BV TOM

vmrnmrnmrn'' •■ print : pf

ASK INS"

:INT'

( FORZZ-

=ITO4S80 : NEXTZZ

PRINT'

3 PS THE CHRRRCTER #,

VOU PRRRCHUTE INTO THEMIDDLE OF R

FOR

EST. ,!

PRINT"

VOU MUST FIND VOUR WRY

OUT

THE FOREST."

58/Comnnancier May 1983

J
I

13 PRINT : PRINT" WHEN THE BOARD IS COMPLETE, VOU MflV HIT flNV KEY";

14 PRINT ,: TO BEGIN THE GAME."

ID PRINTS PRINT" TO MOVE THE ft, USE THE FOLLOWING KEYS:"

i
i

:I.S PRINT: PRINT" ¥MJP"

17 PRINT 1 ' G=LEFT H^RIOHT"

IS PRINT" B^DOWN "

19 PRINT: PRINT" BE CAREFUL ! THERE ARE 15 LAND MINES."

2S P0RKK» 1 TO 11 @09 ' NEKTKK

99 PRIHT l, n" =PRINT ,, H ,, CHR*a47>;

I
i

100 F0RI=iTC23

110 F0RJ*1T022

1 1 5 I F I =23ANDJ^£2THENPR I NTCHR* < 1 57 > CHR* a 48 ) $

12S PRINT CHR*C97>;

138 NEXT J

149 NEXT I

i
i

ISO F0RM»lfO13

i
i

166 W=INTCRHDa>#16) :p*INT<RND<l )#16>

170 R<M>**|!fln.<rt>«F

186 NEKTM

193 GETS*- IFE*=" "THEN130

200 P= 1 1 : W* 1 1 • T« I NT i RND < 1 )*4> + 1

2 1 ONTGOTO220 , 238 , 240, 250

228 H«*l*l :G0TO269

230 W-W-i:OQTO2€0

THE CCI 4C/8C VIDEO CARTRIDGES

Quantum Data, Inc. produces two 40/80 Video Cartridges for the Commodore VIC-20 computer. The
Video Cartridge which does not contain memory, and the Video Combo Cartridge which contains 1 6K
RAM composed of eight 6116 CMOS memory chips.

The 40/80 Video Cartridge or the 40/80 Video Combo Cartridge is the means to upgrade the
VIC-20 computer to a 40 * 24 or an 80 * 24 character display. This provides a wealth of new uses
for the VIC-20 and with the appropriate software you can now accomplish quality word processing
and various business functions that previously were difficult to achieve with only the VIC's standard
22 character video display. Both Cartridges feature a screen printing routine and a terminal
emulator routine which are written in BASIC so that you can add these capabilities to your
programs.

Qther Cartridges can be plugged into the memory expansion port of the VIC-20 or an expansion
chassis. The 40 character mode may be easily viewed on most standard T.V. sets but a monitor is
required for the 80 column mode to provide the necessary additional resolution.

VIDCO CARTRIDGE $1 59.95

VIDCO COMBO CARTRIDGE $259.95

Call (714) 553-1945 to place your order today!

r^^^\ flsk for other VIC-20 hardware and software peripherals!

QUANTUM DATA, INC.

14252 Culver Drive, Suite A, Box 285, Irvine, CA 92714

Items in stock ready for immediate delivery.

Visa or Mastercard accepted. Above prices retail in U.S. dollars. Shipping and handling not included,

VIC-20 is o trademark of Commodore Business Machines

Circle No. 36

Commander May 1983/59

!■■■■■ ■■—« ■ ■ ■ ■ —— ————■■■•■■■■—— — — ■■■■■»■ "

248 P=>p+1 JGOT026Q

250 P«F-1

260 I f¥m 1 1 RNDW= 1 3THENX=7934 : V-38654 : POKEV t CL

270 I FP~ 11 mVEH* 1 9THENX-7932 : V=3S652 > POKEV , CL

2SS I FP=- 1 2RNDW" 1 1 THENX«7955 : V=33675 • POKEV , CL

290 I FP« 1 (SRMBia* 1 1 THENK*79 1 1 : V----3S63 1 : POKEV , CL

300 GETC* = I FP**» " " THEH390

305 POKE36873 > 1 5 : P0KE36876 .. 220 ■ P0KE36876 > 8

318 2=2+100

320 I FC$= " V " TWEHV-V-22 : POKEV , CL : X=X-22 = POKE!*:

330 I mm " G !1 TH£NV=V- 1 ' POKEV , CL : X*H~ 1 '■ POKEX , 8

340 I FC*~ " B " THENV*V+22 :'POKE V .. CL : X--X+22 : POKEX

350 IFC4-=="H"THEHV=V+1 = POKEV, CL ■ X*ft+1. : POKEX.. S

360 GOTO300

400 FR I NT" WANT TO TRV"

481 PRINT"FiGRIN CV OR K)"J

402 IMPUTES

410 IFE*="V"THEN99

420 END

500 F0RL=1T015

50 1 I FF=flfl < L > RH - JDW=R <. L '> THEH700
503 NEXTL

5 1 I FP^0ORW==0QRP=23ORW"22THEN600

526 131370300

f, i™i C"l P P T H T " T5I ' '

6 1 9 PR I NT " VOU ' VE ESCAPED ! " = PR I NT : PR I NT

POKEX, 3
POKEX, S
POKEX, 8
POKEX, S

.. S'-pwP-l :GOTO500
*W*i4~i :GOTO500
,3-P~P+l:GOTO500
■ W=W+ 1 : GOTO50O

•■•■•■•■•■•■•■•■•■•■•■•M

MMMMtMHMMMMMMMM.

CONNECT ANY MODEM TO

YOUR VIC-20 OR C-64

The MODEM INTERFACE

allows you to connect virtually
any standard acoustical or

direct connect modem to
your VIC-20 or C-64. Works
with the Microconnection, DC Hayes or CAT, Compatible
with autodial/autoanswer modems. No soldering, just
plug it in. Comes with a BASIC autodial terminal
program. $2 1 .95 Postpaid. Add $ 1 .75 extra for shipping
outside the U.S., Canada, or Mexico. VISA or MASTER-
CARD welcome.

FOR charge; or cod. orders

1800-227-3000 TOLL FREE
1-800-792-0990 IN CALIFORNIA
ASK FOR OPERATOR 225

For check order, additional information or service, call or write:

BYTESIZE MICRO TECHNOLOGY

PO BOX 21123 - DEPT. A- SEATTLE, WA 98111

(206) 236-BYTE

DEALER INQUIRIES WANTED

611 IFZ>HSTHENHS*Z

612 PRINT"V0UR SCORE
IS"Z

613 PRINT "HIGH SCORE
IS"HS

6 1 4 Z ™* 9 : G T 4 9
70S P0k:EV~-23,23 :

P0KEV~22,23 :

POKEV-21,23
781 POKEV-23; 23 :

POKEV-22,23-

POKEV-21,23
702 POKEV- 1, 23 ' POKEV

^1,2S'P0KEV+21..28|
733 POKEV .> 23 : P0KEV+

22,23 : F0KEV+23.28

705 GOSUESO0

706 PRINT" 38"
713 FRI-NT"VQU'VE

BEEN EL0WM RWflV" :

Z~ : : GOTO400
900 P0KE36877, 220
310 FORO15TO0STEP-1
923 P0KE3637S.0
930 FOROO*1TO300
940 NEXT 00

950 NEXT0

960 P0KE36377.,
970 FOKE36378^0
980 RETURN

MMMIMMi

60/Commander May 1983

News Releases

The Mail List

The most powerful mailing list pro-
gram available for the VIC-20 and
Commodore 64 has just been releas-
ed. Galactic Software presents The
Mail List! This program has numerous
capabilities, and it is menu-driven to
allow for easy use of all this
capabilities. To name just a few of its
features: it allows for both sorting and
searching on any of the 10 fields; its
multiple printing capabilities allow the
user to print single labels, multiple
labels, labels for the whole list, prin-
touts of the whole list and much more;
it also allows for printing of business
or personal mailing labels; and all
these printing capabilities can be done
on almost any printer. To top all that,
this program performs all these ac-
tivities very quickly. The Mail List is
available from Galactic Software in
both a cassette and a diskette version,
both at an economically low price.

For more information, call (408)
247-4434 or write: GALACTIC SOFT-
WARE, PO Box 10516, San Jose, CA

951 57. □ Circle No. 49

Payroll System— New
from GAAP Software

This is a comprehensive payroll
system designed exclusively for the
Commodore 64. This system main-
tains an employee master file,
generates reports for management
and tax purposes, calculates and
prints computerized payroll checks
with full deduction detail. It's design-
ed and developed by professional ac-
countants. Dealer demo diskette avail-
able.

• Gross wages calculated by regular,
overtime, double time, holiday, vaca-
tion, sick hours, other pay taxable,

other pay non-taxable, and tem-
porary rate.

• 7 fixed voluntary deductions and 3
miscellaneous.

• 4 digit employee number.

• 100 employees per disk. (1541) (500
to 1000, 8050-8250 respectively.)

• 7 different pay and deductions
frequencies.

• Departmental recapping of all
deduction and expenses.

• All routines menu driven.

• YTD and QTC 941 reporting.

• Password projected master files.

• Federal and State tax tables. (User
maintainable)

• Check reconciliation.

• Void/Manual check entry.
Contact GAAP Software, PO Box

1343, Waukesha, Wl 53187 or call

(414) 544-5249. □ Circle No. 50

CCI Mini-Retailer 64™

CCI will make this same package
available for retailers with fewer tran-
sactions and limited number of inven-
tory items. This software will run on
one or more of the 1 541 disk drive at
about 1 000 inventory items per 1 541 .
This configuration does not require an
IEEE-488 adapter. This will provide
small businesses and home/business
operations with a TOTAL SYSTEM
COST UNDER $3,000 including cash
drawer. Available in mid-1983.

Clockwork Computers,. 8704 Brad-
gate Road, Alexandria, VA 22308,
(703) 780-6010. Marketing: 4612 Holly
Ridge Road, Rockville, MD 20853,
(301) 924-5509 or (301) 924-41 57. □

Circle No. 51

CCI Bottom Liner™

Written for 64/1541

This package is intended to aid indi-
viduals, families and businesses to ac-

count for a variety of INCOME; such
as straight sales, installment sales, real
estate capital gains, dividends, in-
terest, reimbursements by employer,
and reimbursements by health insurer
and EXPENSES; such as stock pur-
chases, contributions, utilities, medical,
dental, unreimbursed business expen-
ses, entertainment, interest, travel,
parts, supplies, mailing/postage, labor,
materials, automobile, rent, and tax
dedUctable life insurance. Summary
totals from this system can go directly
to provide profit and loss, net work,
and data can go directly to the IRS
forms. Suggested list price is $98.75.
Now accepting orders for mid-1983
delivery.

Clockwork Computers, 8704 Brad-
gate Road, Alexandria, VA 22308,
(703) 780-6010. Marketing: 4612 Holly
Ridge Road, Rockville, MD 20853,
(301) 924-5509 or (301) 924-41 57. □

Circle No. 52

Avalon Hill Fires 3 More
Inter-Ballistic Missiles

Avalon Hill has expanded its line of
IBM P.C.® computer software to
eleven titles with the release of three
new explosive programs. From the
company known as "The Thinking
Man's Gamerriaker," these new
microcomputer games promise to fire-
up your New Year's Sales.
For Armchair Quarterbacks

Avalon Hill has announcced the ad-
dition of COMPUTER FOOTBALL
STRATEGY to its line of IBM P.C.®
software. A challenging game of pro-
fessional football that pits your skills
against the computer, or a live oppo-
nent. You can be either the offensive
or defensive play caller in this all-skill
strategy game. FOOTBALL STRAT-
EGY is a computerized adaption of

Commander May 1983/61

Avalon Hill's popular board game of
the same name.

Nearly sixteen years ago before
Avalon Hill became the exclusive
game maker for "Sports Illustrated,"
the magazine had this to say; "An
honest-to-Pete challenge to the man
who knows he would have been a
great pro quarterback if only he had
had the chance."

FOOTBALL STRATEGY is ready to
run on the IBM P.C.® with 48K
memory. The price of the diskette is
$21.00.

Combat in Vietnam

VC is the name of the game, based
on the controversial war in Vietnam.
You have been in 'Nam for 90 endless
days. You are ready for a massive
search and destroy mission. Under
your command, is the air-mobile and
heavily armed 1 /509th Air Cavalry and
the 9/1 5th Field Artillery. As advisor to
the Army of the Republic of Vietnam
can you defeat the enemy, that can
hide amongst the people, and where
the politics of terrorism and friendship
can turn the people you want to save,
against you?

VC is ready to run on diskette for the
IBM P.C.® computer with 48K
memory. The price is $25.00.

Future War

B-1 NUCLEAR BOMBER rounds
out this New Year's bash. The IBM
P.C.® version places you in the
cockpit of a Supersonic Bomber, on a
mission over the Soviet Union. You
swallow hard, as your eyes scan the
sky for another Russian MIG. You must
fly the plane to the target city, bomb
it, and return home. Your only chance
to get through the stiff Russian
defenses, is to rely on the superior
technology of your ECM (electronic
counter measures) and self-defense
missiles.

B-1 NUCLEAR BOMBER is ready to
run on diskette for the IBM P.C.®
computer with 48K memory. The price
of the diskette is $21.00.

You are the target, with these 3 new
IBM P.C. games from Avalon Hill.
MIDWAY CAMPAIGN, COMPUTER
STOCKS AND BONDS, DRAW
POKER, VOYAGER, GALAXY and

62/Commander May 1983

ANDROMEDA CONQUESTS round
out the line of AH's IBM P.C. compa-
tible software, so arm yourself and en-
joy the explosion.

The Avalon Hill Game Company,
4517 Harford Road, Baltimore, MD

21214, (301) 254-5300. □ Circle No. 53

VIC-20®

Commodore 64® to
Parallel Printer Interface

The SPI board provides the VIC-20/
Commodore 64 with direct BASIC use
of the parallel bus. When pugged into
the VIC-20/Commodore 64, the card
gives "invisible" access to this bus.

The SPI has several features and
flexibilities:

A. The SPI requires no driver soft-
ware on the VIC-20 or Commodore-
64, making it compatible with virtually
every program written for use with the
1515 or 1525 printers.

B. The SPI will, if desired, auto-
matically send a line feed with each
carriage return printed. This satisfies
the requirements of some printers that
do not have automatic line feed. This
mode can be selected with either soft-
ware OR hardware control.

C. The SPI will, if desired, automat-
ically convert "Commodore ASCII"
into standard ASCII. Most parallel in-
terface printers today use standard
ASCII, making this feature very desir-
able. This mode can also be selected
with either software OR hardware
control.

D. The SPI will, if desired, automat-
ically suppress its software selected
conversion, via a hardware selection
(a switch).

E. The SPI'will, if desired, automat-
ically suppress line feeds that are sent
after a carraige return. Some printers
recognize line feeds and some soft-
ware sends a line feed with every car-
riage return. This feature helps to pre-
vent the double spacing that this may
cause.

F. The SPI connects directly to the
VIC-20 OR Commodore 64, works di-
rectly through the serial port using the
serial pori driver software (already built

into the computer), and is completely
interchangable between the two com-
puters.

G. The SPI can be any of 4 device
numbers (4,5,6 or 7) on the serial bus.
This allows the SPI to be used with
another printer or another SPI at the
same time.

'Commodore 64' and 'VIC-20' are
trademarks of Commodore Business
Machines, Inc. MICRO SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT, INC., 11 105 Shady
Trail, Suite 104, Dallas, TX 75229,

(214) 241 -3743. □ Circle No. 54

Synapse Software
Moves to New Facilities

Synapse SOFTWARE, leading
designers of home computer software,
have moved to new facilities. Due to
skyrocketing sales, the quadrupling of
their line with 32 new programs, and
increases in sales and marketing staff,
Synapse has relocated in 30,000 feet
of combined office, production and
warehouse space in Richmond, CA.

A relatively young company in the
computer software category, Synapse
accumulated early successes with
such game programs as Chicken,
Shamus, and Protector II. They rapid-
ly garnered a position as a leading
third party supplier of programs for
Atari 400 and 800. Now, having
amassed one of the largest stables of
program designers in the industry,
Synapse is poised to launch 32
dramatic new game, educational and
utility programs, for all of the leading
hardware systems (VIC 20, TI99/4A,
Commodore 64, IBM-PC, Apple II,
and the Radio Shack Color Computer).
The slated new releases are to include
Pharoah's Curse (a multi-screen Egyp-
tian adventure), Fort Apocalypse,
Necromancer (the game that allows
your computer to cast spells) and
Shamus; Case II (the long awaited se-
quel to the graphic adventure classic).
New utilities will include Trend
Manager, advanced renditions of
FileManager+ and numerous home
management and business packages.

Contact: Synapse, 5221 Central
Avenue, Richmond, CA 94804, (415)

527-7751 .□ Circle No. 55

MSD Disk Drive

The MSD Disk Drive is a Commo-
dore compatible disk drive designed
to interface to the various Commodore
computers such as the PET, VIC-20,
and the C64. The disk drive is compat-
ible to the model 4040, 2031, 1540,
and 1541 disk drives and recognizes
programs generated on any of these
disk drives. The capacities disk drive
recognizes the full instruction set of the
Commodore drives. In addition to this
compatibility the MSD Disk Drive offers
more RAM area within the disk unit,
both a serial and an IEEE bus inter-
face, and more importantly, a software
reconfigurable operating system cap-
able of handling disk formats other
than the Commodore format. The fol-
lowing technical specifications apply to
the MSD Disk Drive:
Physical dimensions:

Height: 4.5"

Width: 6.0"

Depth: 12.0"
Disk Parameters:

5.25 inch single-sided, double den-
sity diskette media

Number of tracks— 35

Number of sectros per track— 1 7 to
21 (variable)

Sector size— 256 bytes

Number of sectors per disk— 683
Capacities:

User sectors per disk— 667

Disk capacity— 174,848

Data capacity— 168,656

Relative data capacity— 167,132

Program capacity— 168,656

Directory capacity— 144
Filenames
Electrical interface:

Power requirements:
Input voltage— 120 volts + /- 10%
Frequency— 50 or 60 Hertz
Power— 30 watts
Computer interface:

Commodore type SERIAL bus or

Commodore type IEEE bus
System features:

16K ROM based operating system

16K RAM area

651 1Q Microprocessor

Power on self test diagnostics

External AC receptacle

Reconfigurable operating system for

other disk formats

PET, VIC-20, and C64 are trade-
marks of Commodore Business Ma-
chines, Inc.

Micro Systems Development, Inc.
1 1 105 Shady Trail, Suite 104, Dallas,
TX 75229, (214) 241 -3743. □

Circle No. 56

ASERT® Overview
Aid for Search and
Retrieval of Test

ASERT® is an operator oriented,
virtually crashproof information Man-
agement System that operates on the
Commodore computer. The format for
the record area of most commercial
Data Managers consists of a number
of FIELDS into which the required
data is placed. The ASERT® program
has gone beyond this limitation to in-
clude an area of Free Text for
unusual, confidential, or other data,
which cannot be categorized.

ASERT® also contains a section
which allows for the creation of up to

180 Searchwords. This section per-
mits the user to create Search Cri-
teria, that is; to locate Records which
"Must Have", "Must not Have" or
"Might Have" a particular combina-
tion of characteristics that satisfy
specific needs. In other words, all
Searchwords as well as the Variable
Functions are user determined.

ASERT® allows you to print
Labels for identification or mailings.
User Defined Reports is another fea-
ture of the ASERT® program. These
reports can be printed on the basis of
Entry Order, Sort Order, Success
Lists, or any sub-set of these.

ASERT® creates a Sequential
File which can be accessed by Word-
Processing and Accounting pro-
grams.

ASERT® has Statistical capabil
ities. A report of totals, based on the
Searchwords held by all your
records or on records in your Suc-
cess Lists, can be created.
ASERT® gives the number of
records that are coded with each of
the Searchwords, the number of

** * *** * ** * ** *****» * * ****************** *****)

t
t
l
I

t
l
l

t
t
I
I

-r

t
-i

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i
i
i

POWERBYTE SOFTWARE TM

Presents

APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Business and Home

for the

• Commodore 64
•Vic20andTRS80CC

65 Applications Available including:

THE EDITOR - Advanced Word Processor $34.95

with Powerful Editing Features (64 & 8K Vic 20)

THE ACCOUNTANT - General Ledger, Income $29.95

Statement & Balance Sheet

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/PAYABLE- Create $21.95

Journal for Current Accounts &, Record of Paid Accts.

BUSINESS INVENTORY

$19.95

AT HOME INVENTORY

$12.95

ORDER TRACKER

$19.95

CHECKBOOK BOOKY

$12.95

MY PROFIT MARGtN

$16.95

THE STOCK TICKER

$16.95

BILLING SOLVER

$19.95

TAPE

CASH FLOW MODEL

$16.95

UTILITY BILL SAVER

$12.95

THE CLIENT TICKLER

$19.95

THE BAR CHART

$8.95

INCOME &EXPENSER

$15.95

MOTHER'S RECIPES

$12.95

BUSINESS

$16.95

THE MAILMAN

$12.95

APPOINTMENTS

GRADE MY KIDS

$15.95

AND MANY, MANY MORE!!

FOR CASSETTE OR DISC ($10.00 Extra - 64 & Vic 20)

•FREE CATALOG

WITH INTRODUCTORY SPECIALS

POWERBYTE SOFTWARE

!►

i«

I-

i
a
i>
j>

I-

2CHIPLEY RUN

WEST BERLIN, NJ 08091

(609) 346-3063

******** ** a * ** ** **a»*» ***» *»*o*» * * * a ** * * tf

Oce No 4 7

Commander May 1983/63

records that are not, as well as a
Percentage Ratio is readily available
through ASERT® .

ASERT® has Sort Routines. This
option will organize your entire file ac-
cording to any of the thirty (30) Record
Fields. You can Sort your file alpha-
betically or numerically (e.g. by name,
payroll number, zip code, etc.).

Alt Important Instructions are
displayed on the screen in what is
known as a Menu Format. When
Critical decisions are to be made,
Fail-Safe commands minimize the risk
of losing data.

ASERT® is sold with "Demo"
records which allow the user to experi-
ment with the system before setting up
his Office File and Record Format.

Specifications

Hardware Requirements— COM

MODORE 8032, 8050 or 4040 Disk
Drive. A full range of printer options.
Plus COMMODORE 64.

Language— Compiled Basic 4.0
with Machine Code Sort Routines.

Number of Search Words— 180

Type of File Structure— Informa-
tion Storage/Retrieval Method.

Sort— Any 30 Record Fields.

Search— Logical 'And', Logical
'Not,' Logical 'Or'— In any combina-
tion.

For more information write or call
Geneva Technologies Corp., ^Com-
merce Drive, Cranford, NJ 07016,

(201) 276-11 44. □ Circle No. 57

older Commodore computers for over
2 years. If you are tired of the long wait
to LOAD and SAVE programs from
cassette, then you need the VIC
Rabbit.

Since the Rabbit is an extension of
the operating system, the normal. VIC
LOAD, SAVE and VERIFY commands
can still be used. Think of Rabbit as
providing an additional recording
mode— thus you have two LOAD com-
mands (Commodores and Rabbits)
and two SAVE commands.

The VIC Rabbit also contains a con-
nector on one end so that you can
simultaneously use expansion mem-
ory or another cartridge.

The VIC Rabbit software is contain-
ed in a ROM on the cartridge. 1 2 Rab-
bit commands provide not only high-
speed LOAD/SAVE but other useful

functions. The Rabbit commands are
as follows:

12 Rabbit Commands

SS— Save with short leader

SL— Save with long leader

L —Load a program

V —Verify a program

E —Load and then run

T —RAM Memory Test

D —Convert decimal # to hex #

H —Convert hex # to decimal #

Z —Toggle character set

K —Kill the Rabbit

* —Go to monitor

G —Go to Machine Language
Program

Example: L "STAR TREK", 2 or T
1,400,1FFF

VIC Rabbit and Comprehensive
Manual— $39.95. □ circle no. 58

VIC ROM Add-On

The VIC Rabbit is a cartridge which
plugs into the back of the VIC-20 Com-
puter. No tools are required since it just
plugs in. The VIC Rabbit contains soft-
ware which provides for high-speed
LOAD and SAVE on the VIC cassette
deck, for example, the VIC cassette
takes 2 minutes, 40 seconds to
LOAD/SAVE an 8,000 byte program
and the VIC disk drive takes about 22
seconds VIC Rabbit requires just
32 seconds! Incredible isn't it-
Cassette almost as fast as the disk and
at only $39.95. The Rabbit is very reli-
able and has been available for the

64/Commander May 1983

Protect Software with MODEL ISO-1 1

Severe AC Power Line Spikes,
Surges and Hash are prevalent in
many Microprocessor installations.
Program execution is plagued with
unexplained crashes, memory loss or
other glitches. Disks, printer and pro-
cessor often interact, aggravating the
problem.

ELECTRONIC SPECIALISTS re-
cently announced MODEL ISO-1 1 is
designed to protect software from
these severe electrical problems.
Complementing the popular SUPER-
ISOLATOR line, the MODEL ISO-1 1
features two individually dual-Pi filtered

AC socket banks (6 sockets total).
Heavy-duty spike/surge suppression is
incorporated in the design. Equipment
interactions are eliminated, disruptive
or damaging line spikes and hash are
controlled, and programs operate
more smoothly.

The MODEL ISO-1 1 SUPER-ISOLA-
TOR controls power line Spikes and
Hash while providing ultra-smooth pro-
gram operation. $1 I5.95.

Contact: ELECTRONIC SPECIAL-
ISTS, INC., 171 South Main Street, PO
Box 389, Natick, MA 01760, (617)

655 1 532. □ Circle No. 59

J Systems Corp.

J Systems Corp. announces the im-
mediate availability of its new PET
Joystick Interface. This versatile inter-
face card adds joystick/paddle
capabilities to all PET/CBM computers.
Device enables the PET to accept in-
puts directly from 2 Apple joysticks/4
Apple game paddles or 2 Atari
joysticks. Interface is complete and
ready to plus into the user port. All
modes of operation are software-
selectable. The device features short
access time (less than 1 milliseconds/
joystick) and high resolution digitiza-
tion (greater than 8 bits). This makes
the interface ideal, hot only for
joysticks/paddles, but also, for connec-
ting any four resistive sensors to the
PET/CBM. Fast machine language in-
put routines, callable from a BASIC
program, are included.

The price of the PET Joystick Inter-
face is $69.95. This price includes the
card, power supply, documentation
and sample software. VISA and

MASTERCARD are welcome. The de-
vice can be ordered directly from: J
Systems Corp. , 1 Edmund Place, Ann
Arbor, Ml 48103, (313) 662-471 4. □

Circle No. 60

The Master
Memory Map ™

Commodore 64— $14.95
VIC-20— $9.95

People have come to expect quali-
ty products from Educational Software,
Inc. April marks the release of the
popular reference book, The Master
Memory Map™, for the Commodore
64™ and the VIC 20™.

The book is a guide, for both begin-
ners and experts, to most memory
locations in the computer and their
functions. By simply altering the con-
tents of the locations with PEEK and
POKE statements, you can get some
very amazing and creative effects with
your computer.

Written in a friendly and concise
manner, the 300 page Master Memory
Map covers a rainbow of subjects. The
memory locations are grouped into
several sections including: How to
PEEK and POKE, Paddles and
Joysticks, Color Locations, Single and
Multiple Sound Registers, Graphics
Registers, Sprites, Character Graphics
REgisters and a host of others. There
is also a section on how to make
sounds and sprites. The manual is
loaded with illustrations and plenty of
examples written in BASIC and ex-
plained in "Earthling Language" not
computerese.

In addition, Educational Software will
be putting out a series of Tricky
Tutorials™ for the Commodore 64.
These lessons offer complete manuals
along with many samples that are
already typed in and running.
Scheduled for release are: The Basics
of Animation, High Resolution
Graphics, a Sprite Tutorial, and
Character Graphics. □ circle no 61

iTToeffi®!

Quit Playing Games . . .

Disk Based Software to Make Your
Computer Get Down to Business

Disk Data Manager— Create and manage your own data

base. Allows you to create, add, change, delete, search,

sort, print, etc. Up to 1200 records on a single disk.

VIC 20. . . 59.95 CBM 64 . . .79.95

Payroll System— Full featured, complete payroll sys-
tem. Even prints checks.

VIC 20. . . 89.95 CBM 64 . . . 99.95

Mailing List— Up to 1200 records on a single disk.

Presorts by Zip Code. Prints on stock up to four
labels wide.

VIC 20. . . 44.95 CBM 64 . . .54.95

Inventory Package— Maintains quantity on hand, cost,
sales price, reorder point, etc. Generates suggested
reorder, sales report, and sales analysis.

VIC 20. . . 79.95 CBM 64 . . . 99.95

General Ledger— Up to 75 accounts! Generates Balance
Sheet, Income Statement, Update Report, etc.
VIC 20. . . 89.95 CBM 64 . . . 99.95

Checkbook Manager— Up to 25 expense categories.

Tracks all outstanding checks until they are paid.

VIC 20. . . 49.95 CBM 64 . . .49.95

Call for specifics on Hardware Configurations.

Send Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope for

Catalogue of Games and other Applications

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME

2905 Ports O'Call Court
Piano, Texas 75075

(214) 867-1333

VISA and MASTERCARD Accepted

VIC-20 „„ CBM 64

EXPANDER BDHRD5

4 Slot for the 64. Toggle switches and
reset switch.

P/N C64

$ 69.95

6 Slot for the VIC. Toggle switches
and reset switch.

P/N V36 *79.95

PTI offers the finest selection
of expander boards available
for the VIC-20 and CBM 64.
The design features, quality
construction, and competitive
prices make any of them an
exceptional value. New pro-
ducts are being added monthly,
so write for complete catalog.

Slot for the VIC. No switches, reset, or

fuse.

P/N V13 $ 49.95

4 Slot for the VIC. Toggle switches and
reset switch.

P/N V24 $ 69.95

PRECISION TECHNOLOGY. IN

COMPUTER PRODUCTS DIVISION
P.O. BOX 15454
I SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH 84115

3 Slot for the Vic. Slide switches, no
reset switch.

P/N V23 $ 59.95

See your dealer, or place
your order direct

VISA-M/C-CHECK-COD

Circle No. 28

Circle No. 33

Commander May 1983/65

93-15-83

VIC 28 PRODUCT SUPPLIERS

PAGE 1

TELEPHONE

KEY: SORT

1 KEY LISTING

2 KEY LISTING

D: ALP 888 438 9676

D: AWS 809 638 1688

D: ICS 881 373 2981

D: SOE 213 679 9461

D: SOF 888 828 7258

Hi ARF 318 988 2478

H: BUS 413 567 8584

H: CAI 517 687 7343

H: CEN

H: DIG 583 295 5898

H: DYN 214 542 6812

H: DYT 813 384 1539

H: ECX 415 944 9277

H: EXA 888 538 8559

H: FER 317 297 8842

Hi GLO

H: INT 714 641 8181

H: HIC

H: HIS 383 475 8883

H: QXF

H: PAR 415 651 3168

H: PER 312 961 2347

H: PRE 881 487 6266

H: Rffl

H: RVR

Hi SL (SEND 5ASE)

H: SUN

H: VIP

H«: HI

HS: APR

HS: CAR

HS: CGH

HS: COS

HS: CON

HS! DAT

HS: DES

HS: ELC

HS: HYP

HS: tCT

HS: HIC

HS: OEM

HS: OPT

HS: PRO

0: ALI

0: tW

0: CAR

0: CIE

0: COH

0: CRE

0: HAC

OiMAD

0: HIC

0:NAT

0: WA

0: PHP

66/Commander May 1983

313 846 6666

714 527 8264
214 484 7836
885 484 3684
316 685 9536
689 795 9480
617 961 5780
602 249 0611
714 770 2366
213 923 9361
714 623 8314

583 232 1712
383 934 1973
385 465 9363

383 936 4487

213 575 8614

714 757 4849
880 848 7548

619 452 5151
688 255 5552
488 374 4364

ill R.

H: - HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS

S: = SOFTWARE WRITERS

ALPHA ET CETERA, LTD.

AUS

ICS MICRO WHOLESALE

SQFTSEL

SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION SERVICES

ARFON MICROELECTRONICS, U.S.

BUSINESS COHP. SYS. OF NEW ENG

CAI INSTRUMENTS

CENTURY MICRO

DIGITAL INTERFACE SYSTEMS

DYNAMIC TECHNOLOGIES

DYTEK

ECX COMPUTER CO.

EXATRCN

FERRIS ASSOCIATES

GLOUSTER COMPUTER BUS CO.

INTEGRATED CONTROLS

HICRO-STAR

MISSING LINK PRODUCTS

OXFORD COMPUTER SYSTEMS

PARSEC RESEARCH

PERSONAL PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS

PRECISION TECHNOLOGY

RAM/RBC SYSTEMS

RVR SYSTEMS

SLAGH SYSTEM SERVICES

SUNSHINE PERIPHERALS

VIP ENTERPRISE

MICRO-SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

tfROPOS TECHNOLOGY

CARDCO

COMPUTER MARKETING SERVICES

COMPUTER SOFTWARE ASSOCIATES

COMPUTER WORKS

DATA 28 CORP.

DATA EQUIPMENT SUPPLIES

ELCOMP PUBLISHING

HYPERTECH

METARESEARCH, INC.

MICRO WORLD ELECTRONS

O.E.M. INC.

OPTIMIZED DATA SYSTEMS

PROGRESSIVE PERIPHERALS fc SFTW

THE ALIEN GROUP

ANVIL CASES

CARRY CQMP

COMPUTER INFO EXCHANGE

COMPUTER CASE COMPANY

CREATIVE COMPUTING CATALOG

MACRO DYNAMICS

MADISON COMPUTER

MICRO MITTENS

NATIONM. VIC-28USERS GROUP

NATIONAL VIC ASSOCIATION

PM PRODUCTS

STREET MDRESS

P: = PERIODICALS

D: = WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTORS

BOX 231

7566 MAIN STREET

BOX 1243

8295 SOUTH LA CIENEGA

1288 MAIN STREET

111 RENA DRIVE

BOX 2285

152 E. SAGINAW ROAD

7881 LA RIVIERA DR. SUITE 131

BOX 8715

BOX 351

BOX 241

2678 NORTH MAIN STREET

181 COMHERCIAL ST.

BOX 68421

6 BROOKS ROAD

1248-L LOGAN AVENUE

5633 EMIGRATION CANYON

BOX 6468

KENSINGTON RD. WOODSTOCK

DRAWER 1766-P

BOX 3423

2970 SOUTH RICHARD ST.

BOX 351

BOX 265

BOX 53

1229 EAST 28TH STREET

919 N. CtfffiRIA ST.

11185 SHADY TRAIL SUITE 183

350 N. LANTANA SUITE 821

3135 BAYBERRY

300 N. MARLTON PIKE SUITE 26

50 TEED DRIVE

2028 WEST CAMELBACK

20311 MOULTON PARHttY STE. B18

8315 FIRESTONE BLVD.

53 RED ROCK LANE

1828 NE 142ND ST. PENTHOUSE 7

1190 SE WOODWARD

3330 S. WADSWORTH BLVD. 9C-195

2729 SO. US I 1 SUITE 12

80X595

6340 H. MISSISSIPPI Wi.

27 M. 23RD ST.

4128 TEMPLE CITY BLW.

24687 ARIC MAY

BOX 158

5650 INDIttl MOUND COURT

39 E. HANOVER AVE,DEPT HA1X

8950 VILLA LA JOLLA DR. 11200

1825H0NR0E

BOX 10246

BOX 34575

9 CRABAPPLE LANE

4455 TORRIWCE BLW). 1177

CITY / STATE / ZIP
0: = OTHER

H: = MAIL ORDER HOUSES
SHELBY, NC 28158
SYKESVILLE, MD 21784
PROMO, UT 84683
INGLEWOOD, CA 98381
BUFFM.O, NY 14289
LAFAYETTE, LA 78583
SPRINGFIELD, MA 81191
SttlFORD, HI 48643
SACRATCNTO, CA 95826
PORTLAND, OR 97287
ALLEN, TX 75882
PINELLAS PARK, FL 33565
WALNUT CREEK, CA 94526
SUNNYVALE, CA 94886
INDItttiPOLIS, IN 46268
GLOUSTER, HA 91938
COSTA MESA, CA 92626
SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84188
COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 88934
OXFORD 0X7 1JR ENGLAND
FREMONT, CA 94538
AURORA, IL 68585
SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84115
MALDEN, MA 82148
DENITT, NY 13214
DEARBORN, MI 48121
BROOKLYN, NY 11218
ANAHEIH, CA 92881
DALLAS, TX 75229
CAtttRILLO, CA 93818
WICHITA, KS 67226
CHERRY HILL, NJ 88882
RWDOLPH, MA 82368
PHOENIX, AZ 85815
LAGUNA HILLS, CA 92652
DOWNEY, CA 98241
POMONA, CA 91766
MIAMI, FL 33181
PORTLAND, OR 97292
LAKEMOOD, CO 88227
FORT PIERCE, FL 33459
PLACENTIA, CA 92670
LAKENOOD, CO 88226
NEW YORK, NY 18818
ROSEMEAD, CA 91778
ELKHART, IN 46517
SAN LUIS REY, CA 92868
COLUMBUS, OH 43213
HORRIS PLAINS, NJ 87950
LA JOLLA, CA 92937
MADISON, WI 53711
SAN JOSE, CA 95157
OMAHA, NE 68134
NANUET, NY 199S4
TORRANCE, CA 99583

ENTER THE GALACTIC EXPERIENCE

WITH

We wouldn't settle for second best, so why should you? In this day, too many people are compromising quality for price. We feel
that we have the alternative. Announcing THE MAILING LISTS, the most powerful programs of their kind.

By being completely menu-driven, these programs are friendly and very easy to use. With each record containing name, address,
city, state, zip code, telephone number, and several comments, you not only have a complete mailing list but also a small data base
manager. With capabilities reaching into alphabetizing upon entry, sorting and searching on all fields, printing labels and printing
complete records, you start to feel the Galactic Experience.

Currently there are four versions to cover anybodies needs.

These are:

The mailing list
The mailing list
The mailing list
The mailing list

VIC-20*
VIC-20*
64
64

To order, send check or money order to:

Galactic Software

P.O. Box 10516
San Jose, CA 95157

or phone (408) 247-4434 for COD

see your local dealer
dealer inquiries invited

tape $25.95
Disk $27.95
tape $27.95
Disk $29.95

*VIC-20 and 64 are trade marks of Commodore Business Machines.

CirC'C No 18

93-

15-83

VIC 28 PRODUCT SUPPLIERS

PAGE 2

KEY: SORT

TELEPHONE

NAME

STREET ADDRESS

CITY / STATE / ZIP

0: SEX

885 498 6984

VIC 28 SOFTWARE EXCWWGE

763 S. BOXTHORN

NEWBURY PARK, CA 91328

0: SOF

615 457 5868

SOFTWARE TO 60

RT. 3 BOX 389 A 52

CLINTON, TN 37716

Os TES

213 247 6486

TORREY ENGBERG SMITH CO.

BOX 1875

GLENDALE, CA 91289

0: TOR

TORONTO PET USERS CLUB

381 LAURENCE AVE. WEST

TORONTO, ONT CAN M5M 1B9

P: COA

888 426 1838

C0K1ANDER

P.O. BOX 98827

TACOMA, HA 98498

P: COG

888 334 8868

THE COMMODORE GAZETTE

BOX 5486

GREENSBORO, NC 27483

Pj COO

215 687 9758

COmODORE-HICROCOMP. MAGAZINE

487 DEVON PARK DRIVE

WAYNE, PA 19887

P: FOX

713 473 6723

FOXFIRE SYSTEMS, INC.

3811 NEWTON

PASADENA, TX 77583

P: JOU

214 482 6679

JOURNAL 28

BOX 1149

MAN ALSTYNE, TX 75895

P: LOA

913 762 4738

LOAD 28 MAGAZINE

558 GRANT AVE.

JUNCTION CITY, KS 66441

P: HID

217 864 5328

HIDNITE SOFTWARE GAZETTE

635 MAPLE

HT. ZION, IL 62549

P: PRO

919 489 2198

PROGRAMMER'S INSTITUTE

BOX 3191

CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514

P: STR

STRICTLY COMMODORE

47 COACMOOD PLACE N.H.

CALGARY, ALTA CAN T3H 1E1

P: VIC

VICKIE

JOHN ROSENGARTEN

3822 NORTH BELL AVENUE

CHICAGO, IL 68618

PS: BY

VIC-NIC NEWS

THE BYTE HOUSE

BOX 981

SALEM, NH 83879

H: AA8 (CAT $1) 313 669 3118

AARDVARK-88

2352 S. COMMERCE

WALLED LAKE, HI 48888

M: ABC

215 822 7727

AB COMPUTERS

252 BETHLEHEM PIKE

COLHAR, RA 18915

H: ALL

ALLEGIANCE ENTERPRISES

868 96TH AVE. N.E.

BLAINE, MM 55434

M: AME

AMERICAN PERIPHERALS

122 BANGOR STREET

LINDENHURST, NY 11757

H: Qtt

484 981 5939

CHART

BOX 77286

ATLANTA, GA 38357

H: COE

313 528 1554

COMPUTER EXPRESS

BOX 569

TROY, HI 48899

H: COM

COMPUTER HAIL ORDER

EAST (888) 233-8958

WEST (888) 648-3311

M: COO

888 634 6766

COMPUTER OUTLET

1895 EAST TWAIN

LAS VEGAS, NV 89189

M: COS

COMPUTER SPECIALTIES

1253 BROADWAY

ELCAJON, CA 92821

Ms COT

888 558 8883

COMSTAR

BOX 1738

GOLETA, CA 93116

H: COU

316 684 4668

COHPU SENSE

812 S. LIGHINER

WICHITA, KS 67218

Hi CON

516 621 1362

COMPUNAY, INC.

24 LUMBER ROAD

ROSLYN, NY 11576

M: CPH (CAT. $1.25)

CPH

BOX 19137

CHARLOTTE, NC 28219

H: DIS

414 231 1696

DISCOUNT SOFTWARE HOUSE

B0X93

WINNEBAGO, WI 54985

H: EAS

919 924 2889

EASTERN HOUSE

3239 LINDA DRIVE

WINSTON SALEM, NC 27186

H: Eft?

EAV SOFTWARE

17 HARBLE AVENUE

PLEASANTVILLE, NY 18578

M: EKT

415 489 1532

EKTYPE OFFICE SYSTEMS

1655 HHIPPLE ROAD

HAYNARD, CA 94544

H: EHB

212 961 9886

EMBASSY COMPUTER PRODUCTS

BOX 88

LITTLE NECK, NY 11363

H: HAI

888 645 9187

HARRISON CMPUTER CENTER

2263 BROADHOLLOH ROAD

E. FARHINGDALE, NY 11735

H: WAR

888 221 8927

HARMONY VIDEO tc ELECTRONICS

2357 CONEY ISLAND AVE.

BROOKLYN, NY 11223

H: JHC

JHC

1825 INDUSTRIAL DRIVE

BENSONVILLE, IL 68186-1297

M: LYC

888 233 8768

LYCO COMPUTER

BOX 18

CO»W STATION, PA 17728

M:MAI

888 752 1341

MAIL CHIP

9434 CHESAPEAKE DRIVE

SM DIEGO, CA 92123

H: MAR

918 664 4128

MARCO POLO CO.

4681 S. 83RD E. AWE.

TULSA, OK 74145

H: HIH

888 841 8868

MICRO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, INC.

2883 THOHASVILLE ROAD

CAIRO, GA 31728

H: HIS

HICR0SI6NAL PUBLICATIONS

BOX 22

HILLWOOD, NY 18546

H: HIH

281 838 9827

HICRO-WARE DISTRIBUTORS

BOX 113

POHPTON PLAINS, NJ 87444

H: HOO

HOOSEWARE, INC.

BOX 17868

IRVINE, CA 92713

H: HTG

888 343 8854

HTG TECWICW. SALES

281 NEEDHAH STREET

NEWTON, MA 82164

H: OLY

888 421 8845

OLYMPIC SALES

216 SOUTH OXFORD AVENUE

LOS ANGELES, CA 98884

H: OPT

916 621 1898

QPTQMAfl CONSUMER PRODUCTS

BOX 1838

PLACERVILLE, GA 95667

Hi PER

315 478 6888

PERSONAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS

BOX 1873

SYRACUSE, NY 13281

H: PR (SEND SASE) 682 886 1585

PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE

9822 EAST STELLA ROAD

TUCSON, AZ 85738

H: PR6

381 488 7719

PROGRAMS INTERNATIONAL

MORAVIA CENTER INDUSTRIAL PARK

BALTIMORE, MD 21286

H: PRI

888 343 1878

P.R.I.C.E.

67 TEED DRIVE

RANDOLPH, MA 82368

H: PRO

312 382 5244

PROTECTO ENTERPRIZES

BOX 558

BARRINGTON, IL 68818

H: PRS

888 424 2738

THE PROGRAM STORE

4288 WISCONSIN AVE. NW

WASHINGTON DC 28816

H: PYR

689 386 9363

PYRAMID COMPUTERHARE

278 WttREN STREET

EDGEWATER PARK, NJ 88818

H: QUE

888 232 2224

QUEUE OAT. Ill

5 OWEL HILL DRIVE

FAIRFIELD, CT 86483

H: RDE

RDE SERVICES, GAMES DEFT.

3588 WARRINGH4H

WATERFORD, MI 48895

H: ROC

383 371 2438

ROCKY MOUNTAIN MICRO, INC.

18898 E. 47TH

DENVER, CO 88239

H: SAV

888 241 2682

SAVE

1782 MARRIETTA BLVD. N.W.

ATLANTA, GA 38318

68/Commander May 1983

83-15

-83

VIC 28 PRODUCT SUPPLIERS

PAGE 3

KEY: SORT

TELEPHONE

NAME

STREET ADDRESS

CITY / STATE / ZIP

H: SJB

SJB DISTRIBUTORS

18528 PLANO ROAD SUITE 286

DALLAS, TX 75238

H: SOF

888 828 2838

THE SOFTWARE CONNECTION

5133 VISTA DEL ORO

FAIR OAKS, CA 95628

H: SOU

214 484 7836

SOUTrtCST MICRO SYSTEMS

2554 SOUTHWELL

DALLAS, TX 75229

H: SUN

SUNRISE ELECTRONICS

7857 LOHPOC COURT

CITRUS HEIGHTS, CA 95618

H: SMC

583 25? 9464

SH COMPUTERS

1125 N.E. 82ND

PORTLAND, OR 97228

H: TEL

888 255 2888

TaE SOR, INC.

BOX 3456

TROY, MI 48884

H: TIS

TOTAL INFORMATION SERVICES

BOX 921

LOS ALAMOS, ffl 87544

Hs UST

419 224 8816

U.S. TECWOLOGIES

BOX 7735

SAN DIEGO, CA 92187

Hi wor

HORLD ELECTRONICS

17? 27TH STREET

BROOKLYN, NY 11232

H: ZEP

215 387 5266

2EPHER MICROS

323 S. 43RD ST. SUITE C

PHILADELPHIA, PA 19184

9 ■ Owv

583 35? 9889

36 COMPANY

RT. 3, BOX 28A

GASTON, OR 97119

S: ABA

616 241 5518

ABACUS SOFTWARE

BOX 7211

GRAND RAPIDS, HI 94518

S: ACA

ACADEMY SOFTWARE

BOX 9483

SAN RAFAEL, CA 94912

S: ART

ARTWORX SOFTWARE COMPANY

158 N. MAIN ST.

FAIRPORT, NY 14458

S: AVA

381 254 5388

AVALON HILL GAMES

4517 HARTFORD ROAD

BALTIMORE, MD 21214

S: BEC (CAT.

$2) 617 536 5116

BOSTON EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING

78 DARTMOUTH ST.

BOSTON, HA 82116

S: BEH

488 438 5649

BEHAVIORAL ENGINEERING

238 HT. HERMON RD. 1287

SCOTTS VALLEY, CA 95866

S: BRI

415 455 9139

BRILEY SOFTWARE

BOX 2913

LIVERMORE, CA 94558-8291

S: BRO

415 456 6424

BRQDERBUND SOFTWARE

1938 FOURTH STREET

SAN RAFAEL, CA 94981

S: CAC

CACTUS COMPUTING

BOX 261

BOUSE, AZ 85325

S: COO

885 683 1585

THE CODE WORKS

60X558

GOLETA, CA 93116

s: com

313 685 8113

COHfflfDATA COMPUTER HOUSE

P.O. BOX 325

MILFORO, MI 48842

S: COMP

682 855 3357

COMPUTERHAT

BOX 1664

LAKE HAMASU CITY, AZ 86483

S: COS

714 861 1265

COSMIC COMPUTERS UNLIHITED

228 N. PROSPECTOR'S ROAD

DIAMOND BAR, CA 91765

S: CRE

415 948 9595

CREATIVE SOFTWARE

281 SAN ANTONIO CIRCLE «278

MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA 94848

S: DOU

482 334 7878

DOUBLE E ELECTRONICS

288 NORTH 115TH STREET

OMAHA, NE 68154

S: DTC

DTC SOFTWARE

BOX 916

JANESVILLE, NI 53547

S: EAR

tfiKSHNnKt

BOX 38839

EUGENE, OR 97483

S: EDU

EDUFUN/HILLIKEN

1188 RESEARCH BLVD.

ST. LOUIS, HO 63132

S: EPY

EPYX / AUTOMATED SIMULATIONS

1843 KIEL COURT

SUNNYVALE, CA 94886

S: FOX

488 988 6666

FOX VIDEO GAMES, INC.

4781 PATRICK HENRY DR. BLDG 9

SANTA CLARA, CA 95858

S: FRE

FRENCH fc SILK SNOOTHNARE

BOX 287

CANNON FALLS, HN 55889

S: FSH

FREDERICK SCHEPER

8347 DOCK ROAD

PASADENA, MD 21122

S: GLA

MARTIN GLASSER

1218 BIRCH CIRCLE

EGLINAFB, FL 32542

S: GPM

GP MICROSYSTEMS

72-31 67TH PLACE

GLENOALE, NY 11385

S: GRU (SEND STAHP FOR CAT.)

R. GRUSKIEMIC2

417 SUSQUEHANNA AVENUE

WYOMING, PA 18644

S: HAL

J. HALLIDAY

382 DOGWOOD CIRCLE

LAFAYETTE, GA 38728

S: HAR

HARLI SOFTWARE

1748 GARDEN BRIAR COURT RR«2

THUNDAR BAY0NTCANP7C4V1

S: HES

HUMAN ENGINEERED SOFTWARE

71 PARK LAIC

BRISBANE, CA 94885

S: INT

213 328 9422

INTERESTING SOFTWARE

21181 SO. HARVARD BLVD.

TORRANCE, CA 98581

S: ISA

ISA SOFTWARE

14114 DALLAS PARttttY SUITE 538

DALLAS, TX 75248

S; K8S

K8 SOFTWARE

BOX 248 C

CANTON, CT 86819

S: KER

KERR SOFTWARE

1398 S. NEKTON

DEKvCR, CO 88219

S: LEO

614 846 1823

HARRY F. LEONARD

5556 CHERRYWOOD ROAD

COLUMBUS, OH 43229

S: LIG

415 327 3288

LIGHTNING SOFTWARE

BOX 11725

PALO ALTO, CA 94386

S: LIT

414 273 5468

LITTLE WIZARD DISTRIBUTING

1211 LAMBETH RD. SUITE 4

WAUKESHA, WI 53186

Si LOG

885 68? 8285

LOGOS SOFTWARE

3192 LAUREL CANYON ROAD

SANTA BARBARA, CA 93815

S: LUN

488 378 7793

LUNA SOFTWARE

BOX 26922

VH JOSE, CA 95159-6922

S: MAC

MAGIC CARPET

BOX 35115

PHOENIX, AZ 85869

s:han

587 345 7848

HANTRCNICS SOFTWARE DESIGN

368 PIERCE PLAZA

NO. HANKATO, HN 56881

S:HAR

HAR! AH COMPUTING

BOX 513

COLUMBIA, MD 65287

S: HER

213 316 8945

MERLIN ENTERPRISES

BOX 2876

TORRANCE, CA 98589

S: NIDI

MICRO-DIGITAL

752 JOHN GLOW BLVD.

WEBSTER, NY 14588

S: HID

HIGHEST MICRO ASSOCIATES

BOX 6148

KANSAS CITY, MO 64118

S: HIED

612 926 2292

MICRO-ED, INC.

BOX 24156

HINNEAPOLIS, HN 55424

S: HIGR

815 965 2464

HICROGRAMS

BOX 2146

LOVES PARK, IL 61138

Ss HIIN

MICRO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

BOX 73

WAYNE, NJ 87478

Commander May 1983/69

83-15

-83

VIC 28 PRODUCT SUPPLIERS

PAGE 4

KEY: SORT

TELEPHONE

K1AMT

STREET ADDRESS

CITY / STATE / ZIP

MIMA

MICRO-MANIA

BOX 4110

ELKHART, IN 44514

iHIPH

212 444 8146

HICROPHYS PROGRAMS

2048 FORD STREET

BROOKLYN, NY 11229

HI SI

MICROSIGNAL

980 EHBARCADERO DEL MAR UNIT A

l GOLETA, CA 93117

MISP

214 847 1333

MICROSPEC LTD.

2905 PORTS O'CALL COURT

PLANO, TX 75075

MIS

488 338 9544

MIS

250 FEW ROCK WAY

BOULDER CREEK, CA 95864

MOR

L. HORRIS

2461 WENGERT 024

LAS VEGAS, NV 89184

MWS

MW SOFTWARE

BOX 124

URBANA, IL 41881

NEL

412 738 1888

NELSON SOFTNARE

2232 ODGEN COURT

ST. PAUL, MN 55119

NEN

484 929 7347

NEW HORIZONS GROUP

13-119 CHARLES ST.

N. VANCOUVER, BCCANV7H 1S1

: NIB

NIBBLES + BITS, INC.

BOX 2044

ORCUTT, CA 93455

NOR

218 834 3480

NORTHLAND ACCOUNTING, INC.

404 SECOND AVE.

TWO HARBORS, MN 55414

NUF

503 878 2113

NUFEKOP

BOX 154

SHADY COVE, OR 97539

PAR

219 885 0411

PARR PROGRAMING

2444 TYLER STREET

GARY, IN 44487

PMS

412 433 0891

PM SOFTWARE

4400 ARDEN VIEW COURT

ST. PAUL, HN 55112

PRA

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF CAL.

P.O. BOX 255748

SACRAMENTO, CA 95825

PRKSEND SASE) 482 884 1505

PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTNARE

9822 EAST STELLA ROAD

TUCSON, AZ 85738

PRO

301 344 0016

PROFESSIONS MICRO SERVICE

180 WEST 22ND STREET

BALTIMORE, MD 21218

PRS

P.R. SOFTWARE

BOX 149

S. SAN FMNSISCO, CA 94880

pie

513 498 5438

PUBLIC DOMAIN

5025 SO. RANGELINE ROAD

WEST MILTON, OH 45383

QBF

212 925 8290

QUICK BROW FOX

548 BROADWAY SUITE 4F

NEW YORK, NY 10012

GUM

714 338 2145

QUKAX / GRN LABORATORIES

BOX 17810

ROCHESTER, NY 14417

: RAK

RAK ELECTRONICS

BOX 1585

ORANGE PARK, FL 32073

. RAN

904 837 7201

RANDOM ACCESS COMPUTERS

BOX 1453

BENNING, FL 32541

RAP

413 549 3744

RAPIDWRITER

91 LONG HILL ROAD

LEVERETT, MA 01054

RAR

RAR-TECH

BOX 741

ROCHESTER, MI 48843

: RAY

408 338 9848

RAYMAC SOFTNARE GROUP

495 BANO ROAD

BOULDER CREEK, CA 95084

: SCE

SCIENTIFIC fc EDUCATIONAL SFTN.

BOX 54

DAYTON, OH 45420

: SCH

212 585 3000

SCHOLASTIC, INC.

730 BROADWAY

NEW YORK, NY 10003

SCI

SCIENTIFIC SOFTNARE

525 LOHNES DRIVE

FA1R80RN, OH 45324

: SIE

209 483 4858

SIERRA ON-LINE, INC.

SIERRA ON-LINE BUILDING

COARSEGOLD, CA 93414

SIR

914 344 1195

SIRIUS SOFTNARE

10344 ROCKINGHAM DR.

SACRAMENTO, CA 95827

: SKL

SKYLI6HT SOFTNARE

22 MILLER STREET

BELFAST, ME 84915

. SKY

415 945 1735

SKYLES ELECTRIC NORKS

231E SOUTH WHISMAN ROAD

MOUNTAIN VIEN, CA 94041

: SMI

408 738 1751

D. SMITH fc CO.

1144 ANDOVER DR.

SUNNYVALE, CA 94087

: S04

SOFT 4 YOU

BOX 3259

RESTON, VA 22898

: SOF

SOFTNARE CITY

BOX 313

CLOSTER, NJ 07424

SOS

SOFT-SELL

BOX 1224

LAFAYETTE, GA 38728

: SUB

SUBURBAN ELECTRONICS

4224 TRANSIT ROAD

DEPEW, NY 14043

SUS '

312 394 5145

SUSIE SOFTNARE

BOX 388

PROSPECT HEIGHTS, IL 40070

SYN

414 221 8888

SYNTAX SOFTNARE, INC.

33 ELMHURST AVE. SUITE 502

WILLOHDALE ONT CAN MZN 468

i TAY

482 444 9851

TAYLORMADE SOFTNARE

8853 EAST AVON AVENUE

LINCOLN, NE 48505

:TEA

TEACHWARE

3277-B ROSNELL RD. SUITE 450

ATLANTA, GA 38305

TEL (CATi.58) 414 263 8864

TELEGAMES SOFTNARE

HAMPTON, BOX 152

ONTARIO, CANADA LOB 1J0

THO

888 524 7843 X291

THORN EMI VIDEO

1370 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS

NEW YORK, NY 10819

i TOT

415 943 7877

TOTL SOFTWARE

BOX 4742

WALNUT CREEK, CA 94594

i TRO

213 471 8440

TRONIX PUBLISHING

701 WEST MANCHESTER BLVD.

INGLENOOD, CA 90301

: TSA

409 344 3043

TSASA

2 CHIPLEY RUN

WEST BERLIN, NJ 08091

: UHI

714 594 1351

UNITED MICRONARE INDUSTRIES

3503-C TEMPLE AVE.

POMONA, CA 91748

i VIC

215 574 5425

VICTORY SOFTWARE

2027-* SJ RUSSELL CIRCLE

ELKINS PARK, PA 19117

: vid

408 243 9858

VIDEO WIZARDS, INC.

292 CHARCOT AVENUE

SAN JOSE, CA 95131

: VOY

415 343 8955

VOYAGER SOFTNARE

BOX 1124

BURLINGAME, CA 94810

:HES

WESTERN NEW ENGLAND SOFTWARE

BOX 31

WILBRAHAM, MA 81095

: NIL

WILLIAM R068INS

BOX 3745

SAN RAFAEL, CA 94912

: NUN

583 899 7549

WUNDERWARE

BOX 1287

JACKSONVILLE, OR 97538

: ZIH

213 217 0877

ZIHAG

14408 S. BROADWAY

GARDENA, CA 98248

70/Commander May 1983

Big Programs

in your VIC/PET/64

Ron Gunn's article, "Big Programs
In Your VIC/PET/64," is the most easily
understood description I have seen on
program overlays. An additional
technique makes overlays even easier.

As Ron noted, string variables that
are assigned within one program seg-
ment must be assigned anew when
another segment is loaded. This is
because the variable's pointer is point-
ing to the area of the program where

the variable was assigned. When
another segment is loaded, the pointer
will still be looking for the string at the
original address. The string will now be
garbage, because the new program
segment has other material in that
area.

The following routines demonstrate
a solution to this. Now the variables
won't have to be assigned in later
segments of the program.

1 0B DIM A$(3)

110Z$ = "AARDVARK": A$((3) = Z$
120 Z$ = "BABOON": A$(1) = Z$
130 Z$ = "CAMEL": A$(2) = Z$
140 Z$ = "DEER": A$(3) = Z$

100 DATA AARDVARK, BABOON, CAMEL,

110 DIM A$(3)

120 FOR K = 0TO3

130 READ Z$: A$(K) = Z$

140 NEXT

DEER

In each of these routines, the pointer
for Z$ still points to the area where the
latest Z$ was assigned. However, the
A$(x) = Z$ operation cannot assume
that Z$ will always be the same. So,
A$(x) is stored in string memory and
pointers for A$(x) point to those

locations— beyond the text area of any
new program segment. (Remember,
Ron said that the first program seg-
ment must be longer than any other.)
Terrell D. Abendroth
114 Parker Court
Fort Bragg, NC 28307

Editors:

Reference: Article Bytes, Bits &
Binary in Feb. 83 issue. Location:
top of 3rd column, p. 50.

Reference is made to Hex number
1B15.

The Decimal Counterpart (457) of
the above number seemed low. Using
my Tl Programmer Calculator, I ar-
rived at a 6933 value.

I believe the following notations con-
firm this:

16 3 16 2 16 1 16°
1 B 1 5

4096 + 2816 +16 +5 = 6933
I'm certain you received many com-
ments about this.

Respectfully,

Lou Ferrara

Camp Hill, PA 17011

RE: Debugging & Fixes of Pro-
grams, "Gobble," Feb. 83 issue.

Typographical error in line 1 00,
should read: 100 if JO AND
PEEK(L+1) <> 160 THEN POKE
L,32:L = L+1:GOSUB6fla POKEL,81

Omission and typographical error in
line 901 0, should read: 901 POKE DD,
127:PEEK(P2)AND128: J0= -(P = (Z)

I altered subroutine as follows: 8025
PRINT"{CLR}{HOME} SCORED';
PT;"{HOME}"; SPC(12)" HI = ";HS

Changed 8030 to read: 8030
PRINT"{HOME}{3 DOWN} {2
RIGHT} ANOTHER GAME?"

Make it more informative and chal-
lenging.

H.H. Blakney

406-1535 Nelson Street

Vancouver, BC V6G IM2

Commander May 1983/71

(Question???)

I have over 100 programs for the
Commodore PET 2001 (all 2.0 basic).
The first two programs that I converted
manually took several hours each.
With your short "Petsim" program (pg.
49 in the January issue of COM-
MANDER) I am able to run all of them
that don't have Peeks and Pokes into
places other than the screen.

This brings me to my question.
When I load programs that have Peeks
and Pokes into other locations using
the "Petsim" program, I get one of the
following with different numbers for dif-
ferent programs.

SYNTEX ERROR IN 17192
or

SNYTEX ERROR IN 4499

It seems like it is a different number
for each program. The programs do
not have these statement numbers.
Thus my question is what are these
numbers and how do I trace them to
the statement number that is causing
the problem?

I have tried a PET emulator program
and it did not help at all.

Any help you can offer will be appre-
ciated. Contact: John E. Hand, 405
Fairhaven Dr., Hurst, TX 76053. 1 ]

Subwar 64 ™
Loading Hints

When loading either diskette or
cassette always load and run "SETUP
64" before other sections are loaded
and run Do not attempt to load

"SUBCOM64," but use the selections
described in your owners manual." |

Cassette

for Subwar 64™

Some problems were experienced
with loading cassette tapes onto the
64. We found the new Commodore
cassette drive is more critical to tape
alignment. Datasette alignment can be
checked in accordance with Com-
modore's cassette head azimuth and
gain adjustment and Commodore test
tape (part no. 320142). In any event,
CCI will immediately replace the
cassette at no charge if it will not load
properly. Just let us know, and please

72/Commander May 1983

return the deficient tapes. If the user
contacts us we replace directly to the
user, with notification to the dealer.

We are confident that we have cor-
rected any previous problems and
cassettes marked version 2 or greater
should load correctly.

Clockwork Computers, 8704 Brad-
gate Road, Alexandria, VA 22308,
(703) 780-6010. Marketing: 4612 Holly
Ridge Road, Rockville, MD 20853,
(301) 924-5509 or (301) 924-4157. D

Laws of Computer
Programming

• Any given program, when run-
ning, is obsolete.

• If a program is useful, it will have
to be changed.

Clockwork Computers, 8704 Brad-
gate Road, Alexandria, VA 22308,
(703) 708-601 0.D

Screen Clean-up
for the VIC-20
and the C-64

On screen clean-up for the VIC-20
and Commodore 64. Find a large fer-
rite loop (toroid), about 1" to IV2" in
diameter. Loop the cable from your
modulator three or more times through
the ferrite. This will help reduce, inter-
ference from your computer to the TV.
If the ferntes are hard to find, check
Radio Shack for part #273-1571 (25
assorted ferrites for $1.98).

Please don't get the wrong idea.
Commodore machines are the best
around, bar none! If you are new at
using your computer, start out with
software for YOUR system. Try to learn
something from each program by
changing things a little bit. Then try
converting some simple programs
from another system. Some of the best
practice comes from entering a pro-
gram from a non-Commodore pro-
gram listing. Remember, your com-
puter will aid you in learning at your
own speed. There is no one pushing
you except yourself. Enjoy! □

Converting Programs
Between PET, VIC-20
and Commodore 64

On PET to VIC-20, VIC-20 to PET,
PET to 64, VIC-20 to 64 and back
again! What fun! There is no one ruie-
of-thumb to use. Anyone trying to con-
vert programs between the various
machines had better know each unit
inside out. PET basic programs will
LOAD in a VIC-20 and Commodore
64, but that doesn't mean the program
will RUN.

One of the major problems for
VIC-20 owners trying to use PET or 64
basic programs is screen width, 23
columns vs. 40 columns. PRINT
statements will "look funny" and some
POKEs may bomb VIC's basic. Even
VIC isn't compatible with itself! With its
"floating" screen a program written
with POKEs to the screen for a 3.5K
system may not work with extra
memory because the VIC screen will
move from 1024 ($0400 hex) in a
"bare" VIC to 4096 ($1000 hex) on an
expanded VIC. Color memory also
moves.

Commodore 64 users can use many
of PET or CBM programs so long as
simple basic is used. Screen PEEKs
and POKEs are fairly easy to convert.
PET's screen memory starts at 32768
($8000 hex) and end at 33767 ($83E7
hex). 64's screen starts at 1024 ($0400
hex) and ends at 2023 ($83E7 hex).
All you have to do is find all the basic
statements using numbers between
these ranges and subtract 31744 in
each case. Then add color, sound,
sprites and figure out what all those
other PEEKs & POKEs are supposed
to do. Easy, right?

PET owners trying to use 64 pro-
grams will, after finding the program,
see what at first glance may seem to
be many misplaced basic "words."
This is the result of PET's basic trying
to make sense of 64's basic tokens.
The result is a fairly messed up
program. □

Back-up Copies

Cassette fun. When making a
backup copy of programs from tape
or loading a program for the first time,
make sure the program is loaded cor-
rectly. This can be done by typing:
PRINT ST followed by pressing the
RETURN key directly on the screen
without any line numbers. A number
value will be printed. This number
divided by two will tell you how many
load errors your machine corrected
during the loading of the program. A
value of zero (0) means that the pro-
gram in memory is a perfect copy of
what is on the tape. A value of less
than 32 means that the program was
loaded, but corrections were made. If
there are more than 32 errors, you will
see: LOAD ERROR? :printed on the
screen. When this happens, all you
can do is rewind the tape and try
LOADing again. The reserved van-
able: ST :is used in all LOAD, SAVE,
READ and WRITE operations to tape,
disk or other peripherals. So by
PRINTING ST we can see if an error
happened during the operation. This
works with ALL Commodore
machines. Place the cassette, or disk
for that matter, as far from the TV or
monitor as possible! Many load error
problems are caused by placement of
the cassette. Also, get and use a tape
head demagnetizer. Clean the tape
heads regularly. Some tape load prob-
lems can be solved by gently bend-
ing the little felt spring pad out, not
much or the spring will pop out and
ruin the tape. The extra pressure
created will help. When you do get a
good load, make a copy, quick! It may
not work again. Buy and use some
kind of tape, or disk, storage box.
Dust, fingerprints, pop, hair and small
children can help to destroy your pro-
grams. Protect them. Also, avoid
power transformers, flourescent
lamps, speakers, TV sets, screwdrivers
or anything that even looks magnetic!
Tapes and disks suffering from
amnesia are useless. □

Join the

I Micro-Ed

educational
software

Send for free catalogs

Specify: Pet • VIC

• Commodore 64

telephone

us at

612-926-2292

Micro-Ed Inc.
P.O. Box 24156
Minneapolis, MN 55424

Circle No 26

Commander May 1983/73

Sorcerer's
ftDprentice

Byftdam
Bellin

§49.95

Plus $2.00 Shipping

TOTAL GRAPHICS
FOR COMMODORE 64

• 16 COLORS

• HIGH RESOLUTION

• AUTO FILLS

• MEMORY MOVE

• MICROVIEW

• AUTO LINES

• RECTANGLES

• TRIANGLES

• CIRCLES

• ELLIPSES

EVENT HORIZON SOFTXA/ARE

P.O. box 1327 New York, NY I0028 2I2 535-0697
Dealer inquiries invited

Circle No 16

New Products

A.C. IN
SOFTWARE
SWITCHABLE

40-PIN

TIMING

CONTROLLER

mmmimmiiim

' MACHINE

LANGUAGE

MENU-OP, IVEN

SOFTWARE

Auto Clock

Retail Price: $129.00
Compatable With: VIC-20
Manufacturer:

Progressive Peripherals &
Software

6340 W. Mississippi Ave.

Lakewood, CO 80226
Contact: Steve Spring

(303) 934-1973

The manufacturer describes AUTO
CLOCK (AC) as a Realtime Intelligent
Controller. AC is a plug-in cartridge
which has many functions. The device
is powered by an onboard lithium bat-
tery, allowing it to operate independent
of the VIC. It is menu driven and
comes with a 20 page user manual
which gives programming examples
for each function. There is even a 3
page section devoted to machine
language applications. The user may
load a program of up to 2K in length
into AC. After presetting the timing
functions, the program can be down-
loaded and run. (Including calling
other programs.) 19 subroutines may

be called by the user program, in-
cluding all time/date/calendar and
alarm functions. AC can switch up to
300 watts of power under program
control. It can even turn the VIC on
and off. The date and time may be
displayed anywhere on the screen,
even while writing a program. The pro-
duct is purported to be easy to use by
VIC novices.

The warranty period is 90 days
covering parts and labor. Dealer in-
quiries are invited. □ arcie no 62

Luna Mailing List

Retail Price: $37.95
Compatible With: C-64
Manufacturer:

Luna Software

Box 26922

San Jose, CA 95159-6922
Contact: Lou Ryan, (408) 378-7793

LUNA SOFTWARE has announced
a menu driven, full-featured mailing
label program for the C-64. Two of its
most powerful features are the ability
to alphabetize all records, and sort on

any record in the data base. Other
useful features include the ability to
search on any criteria, print labels one
or two wide, change colors on the
screen, and add data into any of four
comment fields. The user may print
multiple copies of the same label. Up
to 663 labels may be stored on each
disk by using an advanced random
access-like file structure. Data disks
may be backed up on tape. A VIC-20
version is scheduled for release soon.
Luna Mailing List comes on diskette
with an extensive manual, and sup-
ports most printers.

Watch for a review of this product in
an upcoming Commander. □ c,r C i e N .63

Discover "Moondust"
on Retail Shelves

Creative Software is pleased to an-
nounce the release of "Moondust", by
Jaron Lanier. This new Science-Fan-
tasy game will be available for the
Commodore 64 on May 1. VIC-20
owners can play "Moondust" after
June 1.

Authored by imaginative music and
software composer, Jaron Lanier,
"Moondust" takes game-playing to
new heights with its fusion of hypnotic
color graphics and mesmerizing com-
puter-generated music. These aesthet-
ic elements are incorporated into a
challenging game theme: the player
must drag trails of multi-colored moon-
dust (dropped by the friendly space-
walker) through the heart of glowing
concentric circles.

Creative Software, dedicated to
publishing a full-line of consumer soft-
ware programs, is in its 5th year on the

Commander May 1983/75

Peninsula. Contact Kari Curtis at 230
East Caribbean Drive, Sunnyvale, CA
94086, (408) 745-1 655. □ o«*t* 6 <

Powerbyte Software
Releases Home and
Business Hardware

Powerbyte Software is pleased to
announce the release of its business
and home application hardware for the
Commodore 64, VIC-20 and TRS 80
color computer.

Over 60 applications are available
for each computer ranging in price
from $8.95 to $34.95 for cassette ver-
sions. Disc versions are also available.
Programs titles include in part: The Ac-
countant, Accounts Receivable/Pay-
able, Business Inventory, The Order
Tracker, The Bidder-My Profit Margin,
Business Calendar, The Billing Solver,
The Client Tickler, Vicky Calc, The Bar
Chart, Taxman-Income and Expenser,
New Worth Statement, The Stock
Ticker Tape, The Mailman, Check-
book Booky, Home Budget, The Club
Lister, Medical Records, Supper Shop-
per, Dear Diary, Mother's Recipes,
Track My Weight, Jogger's Logger,
Grade My Kids, Nuismatic Phanatic,
Lightning Sort, Golf Scorecard, Math
a Magician and many, many more.

Also available is "The Editor"— an
advanced word processor for the
Commodore 64 and 8K VIC-20.

A free catalog with description of
software is now available by writing to
Powerbyte Software, 2 Chipley Run,
West Berlin, New Jersey 08091, or
calling 609-346-3063. Dealer inquires
are encouraged. □ am** e&

Creative Software to
Release Four New Titles

Creative Software, the largest inde-
pendent publisher of VIC-20 software
in the U.S., is pleased to announce the
release of four new titles. In keeping
with its commitment to provide a full-
line of software for entry-level com-
puters, the four new programs expand
the home application, home education
and game categories:
gories:

RAT HOTEL— game cartridge for
the VIC-20. You are the rat. And
Waldo, the maintenance man at the

76/Commander May 1983

Holen Paradisio doesn't like rats. Start
on the top floor of the hotel and scurry
to safety through the boiler room floor.
Waldo will chase you on his atomic
elevator. Sound confusing? Try figur-
ing it out if you're a rat!

PIPES— home education cartridge
for the VIC-20. Learning can be fun
and PIPES is your proof. Try connect-
ing all of the houses in Gilroy to the
mam water supply. Be frugal though,
you only have so much pipe to use
and so much money to spend. Sound
easy? Only in your "pipe" dreams!

HOME OFFICE— home application
cassette for the VIC-20. A word pro-
cessor and data base on a beginner's
budget! This economical software
package will help you get organized
by introducing you to the powerful ap-
plications of personal computing.

SPILLS & FILLS— home education
cartridge for the VIC-20. How much is
too much? How much is too little? Drill
your perspective and ration skills by fill-
ing up and spilling out an accurate
amount of liquid. Brilliant colors and
bubbling sound effects make this,
learning experience a truly entertain-
ing one.

Contact: Kari Curtis at 230 East
Caribbean Drive, Sunnyvale, CA
94086, (408) 745-1 655. □ c*» nc se

Business Software for
Commodore Computer

Legal Plus

Cimarron's LEGAL PLUS software
package for the Commodore 8000
series computers is specifically design-
ed to help manage the in-house opera-
tion of the law firm by reporting and
storing information on the daily ac-
tivities of the legal staff.

LEGAL PLUS automatically stores
data from as many as ten lawyers,
1050 clients, and 1,100 matters on
every disk. Information in these Client,
Matter and Log files is processed to
produce reports on both the firm's and
the individual attorney's activities. By-
product reports, including activity
analyses, aging report, charges and
payments journal, and client and mat-
ter listings provide detailed manage-
ment information without additional
effort.

LEGAL PLUS also features pre-
billing review of account status, and
statements can be printed individual-
ly or en toto. Revisions and adjust-
ments are completed quickly and easi-
ly, so information is always accurate
and up-to-date.

• No programming knowledge
required.

• Automatic "prompts" guide the user
through each entry.

• 144 different statement formats. A
statement can be printed according
to the precise specifications of the
attorney.

• Seven fee code options.

• 36 activity code options.

• Trust and Retainer Fund accounting.

Wordcraft Ultra

Wordcraft ULTRA gives you all the
text creation and editing power you
need for reports, memos, proposals
and correspondence. Revisions, for-
matting and printing can all be done
quickly and easily with high-quality,
professional results.

• Page layouts of up to 1 1 7 characters
and 98 lines in length.

• Screen display of finished document
format.

• Normal tab, decimal tab and inden-
tation features included.

• Automatic centering and right-
justified, ragged left margins.

• Automatic header, footer and page
numbering.

• Character, word, and paragraph
deletion and insertion.

• Block movement of text from any-
where in line.

• Horizontal scrolling.

• Merges data files with standard
forms.

• Half-line movement for subscripts
and superscripts.

• Character string search and replace.

• Automatic underlining and embold-
ening.

• Proportional spacing capabilities.

• As many as eight users on a single
disk drive without additional
hardware.

• "Goto" page feature.

The Executive Suite

Cimarron's powerful information
management system, THE EXECU-
TIVE SUITE, offers the business exe-

Circle No 10

Circle No 3

BASIC COMPILER

AND ASSEMBLER

FOR ATARI®
& COMMODORE 64

THE BASM BASIC COMPILER AND ASSEMBLER FOR
ATARI/COMMODORE 64 produces programs thai run up to
130 times faster than Atari/Commodore BASIC. Uses the
syntax of BASIC with ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE data typesand
addressing modes. Has the efficiency of ASSEMBLY, but cuts
program development time by 2 to 3 times. Produces highly
efficient ROMable binary files. Programming features IF-
ELSE-ENDIF; WHILE-ENDWHILE; DEF-ENDDEF Utility
libraries; graphics; disc access; debugging aid Editor in-
cluded. Block-structured capability. Eases the transition from
BASIC to ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE programming. Eliminate
the tedium of calculating the logistics of ASSEMBLY Syntax.
In-line standard 6502 ASSEMBLER. The next step in the
evolution of the small computer BASIC language.

Available soon for APPLE II®
Dealer inquiries invited.

BASM requires 32K, disk. Price $99.95 plus $2.00 for shipping
(add $1 .50 for C.O.D.). In Calif, add 6'/?% tax. Specif., Atari or
Commodore. Send check or money order to:

COMPUTER ALLIANCE

21 115 Devonshire St.. fll32D.Chatsworth.CA91311 7(213)368-4089

VIC-20 ATARI

CHILD

DEVELOPMENT

SERIES

(for the 3.5K VIC and
16K ATARI)

ALPHA-BECi — $16.95

Twenty-six screens with let-
ters/pictures/labels 'built'
on the screen

NUMER-BECi — $16.95

Number recognition, object

counting, object grouping,

and number/size/shape

discrimination.

BECi is composed of professionals dedicated to

providing non-trivial educational materials for the home

computer. In addition to our own software, we carry a full

line of evaluated hardware and software. Send $2

(refundable) for our catalog.

Send check or money order to:
BOSTON EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING, INC.

78 Dartmouth Street, Boston, MA 02116
(617) 536-5116 *MA res. add 5% tax

-*^?^^

-L WANNA KNOW A SECRET?

joT

WORD PROCESSING Full capability wore* processing. Wdrd-oriented-noi a
line editor, Meou^nver*, For VIC: T< <T 2.0 $25,00

More powerful versions include footnotes, headings, footing, keyboard input, special
printer control and more. For VIC + 16K or 24K: TOIL TEXT 2.5 $35.00

For C-64; TDTL TEXT m $40,00
MAILING L 1ST arid LABELS Easy editing, automatically sorted, optimal non-
printing data lme(s), browse artf select functions, Menu-Driven.

For VIC or 64- TQILLAEEL 2.0- $20,00
KEYWORD CROSS REFEBBNCI Students and auihors fceep track of
reference notes and bibliographies. Quick reference by keyword. Requires printer

For VIC: RESEARCH AS; T 2.0 $30,00

For C-64: RESEARCH ASSISTANT 2 $ 3S 90
TIME MANAGEMENT Keep track of activities by date (and Hrrve) Screen inquiry
by date, person, project S8 different fe^ar chart formats available

For VIC: TGTL TIME MANAGER 2.1 $30,00
For CS4: TOTL TIME MANAGER 2.6 $3&.0G
BUSl "NTING Accounts receivable and psyabie.lnventory and

exper invoices, statements, reports. Disk only,

For VIC and C-04: Inquire for price,

ANNOUNCING THE

ONE MEGABYTE

Wm& DISKETTE

TOTL Software for

VIC 20* and COMMODORE 64*

the best deal in town!

All programs work with disk and/or tape; adaptable lor 40 or 80 column
formats and most printers. VIC programs require minimum 8K expansion

A Revolutionary New
Concept in User Support
—A soft-sectored novelty
pillow no serious computer
user should be without.
S25.00 including full
documentation!

Mail Orders: Send check or
money order (Calif, residents
add 6% sales tax) to:

TOTL

software inc.

^^^1555 Third Ave., Walnut Creek, CA 94596
j^) Call (415) 943-7877

(Be sure to specify machine when ordering)

'VIC 20 and COMMODORE 64 are trademarks of Commodore Business Machines.

Circle No, 46

Commander May 1983/77

cutive unlimited assistance in the solu-
tion of important business problems
and decisions.

THE EXECUTIVE SUITE combines
two important programs for the Com-
modore 8000 series computers: The
Manager and Wordcraft ULTRA. The
Manager is a very powerful Data Base
Management system for inventory
control, job costing, basic accounting,
budgeting, forecasting, statistics, per-
sonnel management, administrative
management and a host of other pro-
jects via user-defined files. Data may
be recalled by any criteria, full reports
may be generated and no program-
ming experience is required to utilize
the full potential of The Manager.

Dental Accounting System

The DENTAL ACCOUNTING
SYSTEM (DAS) for the Commodore
8000 series computers offers the
small-to-medium dental office or clinic
an in-house automated systems ap-
proach to handling receivables, invoic-
ing, aging and revenue analysis ac-
cording to standardized procedures.

Additionally, DAS can provide valu-
able assistance to the practice by pro-
ducing a series of lists and reports
ranging from treatment plans in pro-
gress to morbidity indices.

• Unlimited number of patients.

• Open item entry invoicing system
manages multiple-visit recordkeep-
ing.

• Displays and/or prints treatment
plans.

• Recall lists by patient and data.

• Aged receivables reports by guaran-
tor and carrier.

• Prints industry-standard insurance
forms and SuperBills.

Also available are Job Costing,
Medical Accounting, Time Scheduling
and Mail List Management. □

Circle No. 67

Multi-User Arcade
Software from Synapse

The first and only genuine multi-user
arcade space adventure is about to hit
the market.

SURVIVOR, from Synapse Software
pits as many as 4 players against
enemy space fortresses simultaneous-
ly. Aside from hi-res graphics, and
rapid arcade action, SURVIVOR offers

78/Commander May 1983

the unique advantage of allowing each
player to perform separate, individual
functions: Navigator, Propulsion
Engineer, Fore Gunner and Aft Gun-
ner. Players work in concert to defeat
attacking fleets, dodge meteors and
weave through the corridors of several
fortresses, knocking out gun
emplacements. SURVIVOR can be
played by 1 , 2, or 3 players as well.

True Multi-user action is just one of
the innovations from Synapse as they
launch 32 new home computer pro-
grams in early 1983.

SURVIVOR demo discs, sample
boxes and free P.O. P. materials are
available. Contact: Synapse, 5221
Central Avenue, Richmond, CA
94804, (415) 527-7751. □ orcieNota

Ciipstrip™ II

Model CSC-15-6
Transient Voltage
Protected Strip

DYMARC is pleased to announce
another new product, the CLIP-
STRIP™ II.

The CLIPSTRIP™ is the best selling
product in the DYMARC line and has
set standards for both quality and per-
formance and we've just made the
CLIPSTRIP™ even better by adding
UL listed common mode rejection.
Transient voltage protection for both
common and normal mode is neces-
sary for certain devices and in "hos-
tile' ' environment where transients are
causing equipment damage as spikes
enter on the ground terminal.

The CLIPSTRIP™ II is the natural
extension of the CLIPSTRIP™ which
has provided the power protection de-
manded in today's electronic systems.

The CLIPSTRIP™ II provides
necessary protection as the sensitivity
(voltage break down) of integrated
systems electronics has decreased to
less than 8 volts. The lowering of the

sensitivity increases the noise immun-
ity particularly in the LSI type elec-
tronics where the sensitivity is the milli-
volt range. This sensitivity is more
severe in the common mode.

The CLIPSTRIP™ II provides both
command and normal mode protec-
tion. Common mode protection is re-
quired in today's electronics such as
switching power supplies. Switching
power supplies, which are built into
most of today's computers, demand to
be current fed. As the frequency of the
current is increased there is an in-
crease in the impedance in the safety-
ground path generating common
mode voltage.

In fact, fast edges caused by light-
ning, load switching, SCR controls, etc.
is converted into common mode tran-
sients. In many situations these conver-
sions do not cause a problem but since
today's computer electronics are
typically referenced to ground these
systems demand common mode pro-
tection the CLIPSTRIP™ II provides.

The physical specifications for the
CLIPSTRIP™ II are the same as for
the CLIPSTRIP™ with the exception
being the operational LED indicator
which is green instead of red.

Dymarc Industries, Inc., 21 Gover-
nor's Court, Baltimore, Maryland
21207. (301) 298-9626, (800)

638-9098. □ Circle No 69

BPI's Business
Accounting System

BPi Systems announces a simple
and easy to use business accounting
system. With BPI, the small business
computer user spends more time mak-
ing profitable business decisions and
less time worrying about computer
operations.

First time computer users don't
need prior computer experience or
any computer knowledge to operate
BPI's Business Accounting System.
Even though the BPI system is
sophisticated and comprehensive, it's
easy to learn. That's because the
owner's manuals are written in clear,
ordinary business and accounting
language.

The BPI system in a practical, no-
nonsense program. It was designed

by business and accounting profes-
sionals for use in many kinds of
business. It operates quickly and easily
so you have rapid access to your ac-
counting records. The result for you is
a decrease in clerical/operator time
and faster, more profitable responses
to everyday business questions.

For maximum flexibility, the BPI
Business Accounting System is actual-
ly composed of five individual systems:
General Ledger, Accounts Receiv-
able, Inventory Control, Payroll and
Job Cost. These systems function in-
dependently and are available sepa-
rately or they can interface with one
another as one comprehensive ac-
counting system. This given the user
immediate capabilities in specific areas
such as Accounts Receivable, General
Ledger or Inventory Control. And, it
provides for the addition of other
systems when you need them. So
whether your need is in just one ac-
counting area or for a complete, in-
tegrated accounting system, BPI is
ready, right now. And, with BPI con-
tinually improving and expanding its
systems, you're assured the proper
service and support to keep your ac-
counting system well ahead of the
demands upon it.

The Systems— The BPI Business
Accounting System is designed
around five independent but interfac-
ing systems. Each of these systems
usually can be installed and in opera-
tion in the same day.

General Ledger— This basic book-
keeping system will:

• Standardize data input.

• Post ledgers, prepare financial
statements (including the Balance
Sheet and the Profit and Loss State-
ment), and close the books.

• Print detailed ledgers for accounts
receivable and accounts payable as
well as for the general ledger.

• Keep monthly, quarterly and year-
to-date payroll earnings records for
every employee.

• Alert the operator to data entry
errors.

• Make back-up disks for safe-
keeping.

Accounts Receivable— This

system offers you the important choice

of either "balance forward" or "open
item" account detailing. And, it will:

• Detail each item on the accounts
receivable ledger with amounts and
dates.

• Print an alphabetical listing of all
accounts, cross-indexed to their ac-
count numbers.

• Analyze the account activitiy for
one account or more, at any time.

• Automatically produce an Aged
Trial Balance for early account collec-
tion and business planning.

• Customize your statements with
your company name, address logo,
etc.; and provide one statement line
for customized payment terms; two
others for your message or advertis-
ing.

• Handle an unlimited number of
accounts on multiple disks.

• Interface with the General Ledger
and Inventory Control Systems.

Inventory Control— BPI's Inven-
tory Control System allows you to
know your exact inventory at any
moment. It will:

• Cost your inventory by the FIFO,
LIFO or AVERage methods.

• Create inventory records which
detail vendor/product information and
adjust inventory averages or declines
automatically.

• Write P.O.'s., receive merchan-
dise into inventory, prepare price
labels and handle sales using regular
and discounted pricing.

• Track low balance items in inven-
tory and automatically write P.O.'s to
prevent shortages.

• Safeguard you from entering dup-
licate or incorrect orders.

• Record vendor invoices and debit
or credit the appropriate ledger ac-
count for each item.

• Enter and prepare sales invoices
and debit the appropriate depart-
ment's Cost of Sales account.

• Interface with Accounts Receiv-
able and General Ledger.

Payroll— This time-saving system
handles payrolls with a mix of salaried,
hourly, and commissioned employees.
Its tax tables include federal, state (all
50 states), city (all U.S.) and District of
Columbia tax rates. This system is de-
signed to make payroll processing fast
and easy. It allows you to:

• Automatically compute and print
payroll checks for window envelope
mailing.

• Choose from three options for
hourly computations and four options
for commission computations.

• Assign multiple gross wage
amounts.

• Choose from six customized pay-
roll deductions with seven options
each.

• Compute net pay automatically in
seconds per employee.

• Charge salaries, commissions,
and hourly wages to departments.

• Interface with Job Cost and
General Ledger.

Job Cost— This job costing system
works well for businesses that require
individual job costing. It lets the user:

• Calculate extensions and footings
automatically.

• Print a completed estimate for
review.

• Avoid most errors and omissions
with its user prompts.

• Automatically charge costs to ap-
propriate jobs.

• Provide automatic retainage.

• Enter labor costs automatically.

• Report income on the Completed
Job basis or the Percentage of Com-
pletion basis.

• Prepare projected profit/loss
reports for an unlimited number of dif-
ferent jobs.

• Interface with Payroll and General
Ledger.

BPI Systems, Inc., 3423 Guadalupe,
Austin, TX 78705. (512) 454-2801. □

Circle No. 70

Micro Systems
Development, Inc.

Now you can advance your VIC-20
and your COMMODORE 64 to the
higher levels of personal computing.

All of these devices are actually in-
terfaced to the VIC simultaneously
through the use of various MSD per-
ipheral devices!

1. Cassette Player (Either the VIC
Datasette or standard cassette player).

2. RS-232 Acoustic Modem

3. COMMODORE 8050 Dual Disk
Drive.

4. COMMODORE 4040 Dual Disk
Drive.

Commander May 1983/79

5. COMMODORE 2031 Single Disk
Drive.

6. Letter Quality Printer, IEEE-488
Interface.

7; High Speed Dot Matrix Printer,
RS-232 Interface.

8. Color Monitor.

These and many more exciting ap-
plications await the computer user
through the use of our peripheral
devices . . . whether your requirement
is exciting games, personal comput-
ing, education, business, or software
development, we have the peripheral
devices for you.D

Commodore 64 IEEE
Interface Cartridge

The CIE Cartridge (IEEE-488 to
COMMODORE 64) unit provides the
COMMODORE 64 user with normal
CBM/PET control over the IEEE-488
bus. When plugged into the COM-
MODORE 64 expansion port, the card
is "transparent" to the expansion con-
nector. This means the user can plug
other peripherals into the "64" without
interference. There are approximate-
ly i K bytes of interface software on the
board. When the interface is called it
maps itself into a protected area at the
top of the COMMODORE 64
memory. □

VMC/CMC Monitor Cable

This cable assembly allows the
VIC-20 and/or the COMMODORE 64
to interface with a monitor instead of
a TV The VCM/CMC provides separ-
ate Video and Audio Output. This
enables the sound output to go directly
into a stereo system for unmatched
audio quality. The VMC/CMC is great
for music programs and applications
where a TV is not desired (business,
education, etc.). Our CMC allows the
COMMODORE 64 user to have high
quality resolution on black and white
monitors. □

VAC Audio
Cassette Interface

Plugs directly into the VIC cassette
port and provides input/output and
remote control of a standard audio
cassette recorder. Save and load pro-

80/Commander May 1983

grams using your own cassette unit.
The VAC works with all existing VIC
cassette programs ... no modification
to recorder required. All the VIC cas-
sette commands are maintained. □

VT40 Terminal Emulator

This is a convenient cartridge which
allows the VIC-20 to display 40 col-
umns of characters when used in con-
junction with the RS-232 port. The
VT40 is a complete cartridge that re-
quires no additional memory. Just
plug the cartridge in, turn on the
power, and the VIC-20 becomes a ter-
minal! By connecting the VIC-20 to a
modem, the VIC-20 becomes a 40 col-
umn 'dumb' terminal capable of com-
municating with various bulletin
boards and computer networks across
the country. The VT40 can even be us-
ed to 'talk' to other computers! Various
setup parameters such as baud rate,
parity, duplex, and number of bits per
character can be modified through a
'menu' format.

Micro Systems Development, Inc.,
1 1 1 05 Shady Trail, Ste. 1 04, Dallas, TX

75229. □ Circle No. 71

VIC-WRITER

VIC-WRITER is a powerful but inex-
pensive general purpose Word Pro-
cessor.

Why word processors?

Word processors allow the user to
quickly and easily create letters,
memos, notes, reports, term papers,
manuals, poetry and any other written
information, using the memory of the
computer as a pencil and paper. The
computer's terminal acts as a window
through which the user views the infor-
mation as it is entered. The outstand-
ing advantage of using VIC-WRITER
is that acts not only as a pencil and
paper but as a perfect eraser and
automatic typewriter.

VIC-WRITER allows the user to
quickly and easily make any number
of alterations to the text. VIC-WRITER
has more functions than any other
known microcomputer word pro-
cessor. With VIC-WRITER assisting in
the entry of text, providing a 10 page
memory and performing an enormous
number of editing/composing func-

tions, the preparation of writing data
is far faster and outstandingly more

accurate than if it were prepared by
hand.

It can by used to read, write and
create sequential text files for any pur-
pose; writing letters, creating data files,
assembling programs as text, and any
other application where text manipula-
tion is needed.

Any existing sequential files can be
read from disk or cassette by VIC-
WRITER. VIC-WRITER alllows the user
to record or retrieve text using the VIC
ASCII or standard ASCII character set,
thus eliminating conversion problems
if peripherals cannot handle the VIC or
CBM ASCII.

VIC-WRITER's text buffer will auto-
matically set itself to the maximum size
allowed by the memory of the com-
puter (the text buffer is the area in
memory where the VIC-WRITER stores
the test currently being edited). With
the standard version of the VIC-
WRITER, there 10680 bytes avail-
able in the text buffer.

VIC-WRITER is designed for easy
use and tailored for personal com-
puters. The screen is like a window on-
to the text file which can be moved up
or down to allow any part of the text
to be viewed and edited. Unformatted
text is entered at the keyboard, and
allowed to wrap around the screen
continuously as far as desired. The
user need only enter a RETURN
where each printed paragraph is to
end.

Formatting is automatically done on
printout as specified by the user. Line
length, margin width, size of indent,
optional right juStificaton and other
parameters can be specified, and may
be changed from one paragraph to
the next.

There are no distinct "modes" of
operation, thus all editing functions
can be called at all times with one or
two keystrokes. The VIC-WRITER has
as large a text buffer as the computer's
memory will allow, and its reaction time
is so fast that even excellent typists
will not be able to get ahead of it.

Skyles Electric Works, 231 E South
Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA

94041, (415) 965-1 735. □ Circle No. 72

BUSICALC
Now Available

A Honey of an Electronic
Spreadsheet

Why electronic spreadsheet pro-
grams? Electronic spreadsheet pro-
grams allow the user to create a grid-
sheet, spreadsheet, worksheet, or any
other table of information, using the
memory of the computer as pencil and
paper. The computer display or ter-
minal acts as a window through which
the user views the information as it is
entered. Textual information (such as
headings), numerical values, and for-
mulas can easily be entered into the
spreadsheet. For use with Commo-
dore 64, VIC-20, PET/CBM 40 col-
umns, CBM 80 column/SuperPet.
Your Computer Drone for
Repetitive Calculations

The outstanding advantage of using
a computer is that it acts not only as
a pencil and paper but as a perfect
eraser and an automatic calculator.
The user can quickly and easily make
any number of alterations to the data
within the table. The BUSICALC will
evaluate any formula using the data
that have been entered. Further, it re-
tains the formulas and displays the
resulting value. With BUSICALC con-
trolling the entry of data, providing a
comprehensive memory, and perfor-
ming arithmetic, the preparation of a
spreadsheet is faster and more ac-
curate than if it were prepared by
hand.

Sting Removed from Prices

BUSICALC 20— $49 for the VIC-20
BUSICALC 64— $69 for the CBM 64
BUSICALC 40— $79 40 column

PET/CBM
BUSICALC 80— $89 80 column

CBMs and SuperPets
BUSICALC available now from your
local dealer. Call (800) 227-9998 for
the name of your nearest dealer. (CA,
Canada, AK and HI, please call (415)
965-1735.) Skyles Electric Works,
23 1G South Whisman Road, Mountain
View, CA 94041. □ circle no 73

22 B MILLERSTREET BELFAST. MAINE 04915

(207)338-1410

Software & Accessories for the VIC-20

— CARDCO —

CARDBOARD/6: 6 Slot Expansion .

CARDPRINT: Parallel Printer Interlace lor Vic or 64

CARDRITER: Light Pen with 6 good programs Vic or && .
CARDADAPTER: Play Atari VCS Games on your Vic .
CARDBOARD; 3S: slot exp. -fused- switched-reset button .
CARDETTE/1 : Use standard cassette recorders on VlC . .

AGGRESSOR: Space Battle - Nine Levels

PROTECTOR: Transpol Citizens to Safety in New City
SHAMUS: Search Rooms for the Shadow - Avoid Droids
QUEEN'S BEDROOM: Lock for Roya' Treasure - Avoid Guards
ROBOT PANIC: Battle your way through the Cosmos .
PIRATES PERIL: Adventure Sensational Sound & Animation
SKIER: Down Hi' Skiing - Hit Flags. Avoid Trees. 3 Levels
MAZE OF M1KOR: Steal Warlocks Gold - Evade Demon .

VICTREK: Great Sound & Graphics

LASER BLITZ: Destroy Enemy Craft' with Flying Saucer . . .

TORG: Destroy the Suicide Attackers .

RAID ON ISRAM: Fly across Desen - Destroy Fuel. Rockets
TURTLE GRAPHICS: Easy to Learn Computer Language
VIC FORTH: Interactive Threaded Interpreted Language .

HES MON: Mach Language Monitor - Assembler

HES WRITER: Surprisingly Complete Word Processing Can

$84.99
$67.99
$33.99
S76.99
$33.99
$33.99

$33.99
$36.99
$33.99
$33.99
$33.99
$33.99
$14.99
$14.99
$14.99
$14.99
$14.99
$16.99
$33.99
$49.99
$33.99
$33.99

— GEMINMObySTAR —

A FULL-FEATURED DOT MATRIX PRINTER AT AN
AFFORDABLE PRICE. 100 CPS. 9-wire User Replace-
able Print Head; Friction & Tractor Feed: Dot Addressable
Graphics; Normal, Italic and Proportional Characters; 2.3K
Buffer: - 10, 12, 17, 5, 6, 8.5. CPI; Super Sub Scripts:

^357.?yAJ09.9!Tp:uS$tO.QOShippi,Tg and Handling.

— CREATIVE SOFTWARE -

TERRAGUARD: Destroy the aliens before they land

SPILLS & FILLS: Develop ratio and perspective skil's— fun . .
PIPES: Hook ail homes to water with limited pipe & cash .
VIDEOMANIA: Kii a : iens with zapper before they get you ...
RAT HOTEL: Move from lop to bottom floors— watch Waldo . .
APPLE PANIC: Set Traps kr Deadly Apples Before they get you
ASTRO BUT7: Like Delender - Creative Computing Rates this $ 1
BLACK HOLE: Avoid Space Deb'is & Gravity ol Black Hole .
CHOPLIFTER: Fight off Jets. Tanks. Sams to Rescue Hostages

SERPENTINE: Battle of the Serpents

HOUSEHOLD FINANCE: 2 Tapes - 4 Programs

LOAN ANALYZEFk^oan Calculations - Amortization Table .

$33.99
$33.99
$33.99
. $33.99
$33.99
$33.99
$33.99
$33.99
$33.99
$33.99
$28.99
$12.99

— MISCELLANEOUS-

QUICK BROWN FOX: Professional Word Processing Can ....

TOTL TEXT 2.0: Cass - Basic Word Processor

TOTL TEXT 2.5: Cass. - Advanced Word Processor - Req. 8K Exp. .

TOTL LABEL: Cass. - Mailing List

RESEARCH ASSISTANT: Cass.-NoiekeepmgfcK Terni Papers, etc. .

ROAD TOAD: Cass. - Like Frogger

MILLIPEDE: Cass. - Like Centipede

ACCOUNTANT: 2 Tapes - GJ - B.S. - Inc. Statement

ACCOUNT RECPAY: 2 Tapes

BUSINESS INVENTORY: Tape

RIVER RESCUE: Rescue 3 Explorers lost in Jungle

MUSIC COMPOSER: Enter plus Edit Score - Save and Load .

GALACTIC BLITZ: Cass - 15 Different Patterns

SIDEWINDER: Cass. - 8K Exp. Required

SWARM: Cass - The fastest you ve seen

SKY PILOT: Fly wwi Plane against choice of German Planes

DUNGEONS OF KAL: Adventure - Cass

BASEBALL: Cass. - Manage any Team m History

FOOTBALL: Cass. - Req. 8K Exp. - All 81 NFL Teams
GALACTIC CONQUEST; Req. 8K Exp. - Strategy Game- 1 to 6
MARTIAN RAIDER: Iniergaiactic ships in attack on Mars .
SHARK TRAP: Snare the sharks with atomic net or die ....
MULTI-SOUND SYNTHESISER : Compose your own kind ol music

$55.99
$19.99
$29.99
$16.99
$24.99
$12.99
$\ZW
£24.99
$18.99
$16.99
$33.99
$24.99
$19.99
$24.99
$24.99
$10.49
$10.49
$10.49
$12.99
$13.99
$19.99
$19.99
$19.99

— COMMODORE -

VIC-20 COMPUTER

^ COMPLETE WTTH UBRARY OF 25 PROGRAMS

TZ VIC LIBRARY OF 1 5 GAMES

Hi VlC INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (data-base)

Q- PLUS 9 DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS

ONLY $1 99.99 plus 510 00 shipping & handling

C/)

^COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER

y *^4^9^$409.39 plLisSlO.OOShippingandHandling

S 48.99

S 24.99
S 24.99

' ADD $10.00 FOR SHIPPINGS HANDLING
EACH ITEM MARKED WITH "

8K RAM EXPANDER $ 47.99

16K RAM EXPANDER $ 77.99

■COLOR PRINTER PLOTTER: Draws charts & graphs in 4 colors . $189.99

DATASETTE: store user wntten or prerecorded programs S 66.99

■VIC DISK DRIVE: Fast hi capacity storage-170K disk $339.99

•VIC 1525 PRINTER: Tractor leed dot matnx p-nier-30 cps , $339.99
VIC SUPER EXPANDER: 3K Ram + graphc, mu tJCOfO'. & music. $ 54.99
VICPROGRAMMERSAID:20commandstoprogram easier ...$ 48.99
VIC-MON: fast way to wnte machine 'anguage programs
'VIC 14" MONITOR: give Vic it's own tube for best color
VIC AVENGER: Like space mvaders-Action arcade carnage
SUPERSLOT: cotorfu' slot machine-Works ke the rea : thing
SUPER ALIEN: Can you captu r e the aliens before they get you . $ 24.99
JUPITER LANDER: Piot :em-Excellen! g-aphics . $ 24.99

DRAW POKER: Cassmo style poker in a cartridge ... S 24.99

MIDNIGHT DRIVER: Ntghl driving simulaLon-Trnl's. Spills'' $ 24.99
RADAR RAT RACE: challenging game of wit, strategy. &ret'exes. S 24.99
MOLE ATTACK: Keep the motes underground where they belong $ 24.99
PIRATE COVE ADVENTURE: Find Long John Silver's treasure . S 33.99
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE ADV : Nuke reactor may be doomed . . S 33.99
THE COUNT ADVENTURE: Love at first bUe-Dracula stnkes agamS 33.99
VOODOO CASTLE ADV : You are Coon! Chnsii's onty hope ... $ 33.99
SARGONII CHESS: rated best computer chess by the experts . S 33.99
GORF: Midway's incredible arcade game-"* different games in 1 . $ 33.99
OMEGA RACE: Ultimate space game-All features ol BallyMdway $ 33.99
SEA WOLF: Sink ah enemy destroyers. Ireighlers. PT boats . $ 24.99
CLOWNS: See the amazing clowns ]ump-Ba(ly r Midway classic j 24.99

RECREATION SIX-PACK: Six games ontape $ 49.99

HOME CALC SIX-PACK: Personal finance-word proc-cass ... $ 49.99
MATH IMPROVE SIX-PACK: Help children improve math-cass . S 49.99
PROGRAMMER'S REF GUIDE: Tips for all levels- Baste- Mach. $ 14.99
INTRO TO BASIC PROGRAMMING: Mtonal book & tape. ... $21.99
BASICPROGR -PART TWO: Contmuabon of above-book-tape. $ 21.99

SKYLIGHT SOFTWARE

f APE~# 1 - Canon Duel - Breakout - Runa'oond - Stockoar - Space

TAPE 02 - Target Pistol - Space Due: - B29 - Tank - Roadbtoc*

TAPE 03 - Sub Hunt - Blockade - Indy 500 - UFO - Jjngte Driver

TAPES #1, 02, «ONLY$9.99 EACH

VIC GAME UBRARY - ALL 1 5 GAMES ON ONE TAPE $25.00
Vic Intormaton Management 10 Commands S12.99

SPIDERS OF MARS: Destroy Spiders. Bats. Dragon Flies . . . $33.99

METEOR RUN: Avoid Meteors and Enemy Torpedos . . . $33.99

OUTWORLD: Protect your Ouierspace Community $33.99

CLOUDBURST: Protect Eanh from Acid Ram & Cloud Hoppers . $24.99

SATELLITES & METEORS: Watch out lor the Black Hole . . $33.99

BUTI: Can. 3K RAM plus Programming Aids $59.99

VI-DATA: Powerful data base-format screen & pnnt output . . . $25.99

JOYSTICK: Bat handle-2 tire buttons-6 leaf switch assembly . S 24.99

REDBALL JOYSTICK: Heavy duty version of above $ 29.99

JOYSTICK DELUXE: Rugged heavy duty-arcade quality .... $ 33.99
TRACKBALL: Phenolic ball- 360 deg. movement-Arcade qualify S 59.99
12 FOOT EXTENSION: Extend cord of any Aian-rype controller . $ 7.49

ADD $2.00 FOR SHIPPING & HANDLING

MasterCard j

PRICES REFLECT

CASH DISCOUNT

ADD 3% FOR '

CREDfT CARDS

VISA*

(Please include all Card Informaton)
^^— 5-j lax lor Maine lesidenis _^h

SEND $1.00 FOR COMPLETE LIST (Refunded on first order)
OVER 200 ITEMS -SPECIFY VIC-20 OR COMMODORE 64

Circle No. 38

Commander May 1983/81

Commander Dealers

Given here, in zip code order, is a partial list of the Charter Dealers who will be carrying the COMMANDER.
We will provide updates for this list in following issues as a service to provide our readers with a local source
at which they will find information, hardware, or software for their Commodore Computers.

U.S.A.
Puerto Rico

The Micro Computer Store
1408 Avenue Jesus T. Pinero
Rio Piedras. PR 00921
(809) 781-0350
Manager-Owner: Julio C. Martinez

Massachuttes

Tycom Associates
68 Velma Avenue
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Manager-Owner: Dave Tyburski

Northshore News Co.
150 Blossom Street
Lynn, MA 01902
(617) 592-1300
Manager-Owner: Tom Mulken, Jr.

Computech Ltd
214 Derby Street
Salem, MA 01970
(617) 741-1724
Manager-Owner: Tim Bush

Omicron Corporation
1416 Providence Highway
Norwood, MA 02062
(617) 769-6867
Manager-Owner: Steve Gavrilles

Rhode Island

International Computer Services
165 Oyerville Avenue
Johnston, Rl 02919
(401) 273-1001
Manager-Owner. Steve Lablanc

New Hampshire

Compu-Craft, Inc
1 7 Dunbar Street
Keene, NH 03431
(603) 357-3901
Manager-Owner. Richard Bishop

Echo Consulting Services
PO Box 1199
Conway, NH 03818
(603) 447-5455
Manager-Owner. George Epotien

Maine

Maine Micro Systems, Inc.
55 Center Street
Auburn, ME 04210
(207) 786-0696
Manager: Nancy Lecompte

Vermont

Computeam

205 Dorset Street

South Burlington, VT 05401

(802) 862-2802

Manager-Owner: Mark Robinson

Market Place
1 Main Street
Winoski, VT 05404
Manager-Owner Bob Howe

Connecticut

Multi-Busmess Computers Inc
28 Malborough Street
Portland, CT 06480
(203) 342-2747
Manager-Owner- Bob Stasko

New Jersey

Micro Computer Services
61 Mountain Blvd.
Warren, NJ 07060
(201) 561-3111
Manager-Owner: Jerry Prevete

Computer Workshop
1200 Haddenfield Road
Cherry Hill. NJ 07013
(609) 665-4404
Manager-Owner: Charles Kolbe

NUBS Computer Center Inc
6 Ames Avenue
Rutherford, NJ 07070
Manager-Owner- Robert Weigel

Software City

85 Godwin Avenue

Midland Park, NJ 07432

Manager-Owner. Arlene Destosito

Computerability, Inc.

441 Route 23

Pomton Plains, NJ 07444

(201) 835-0688

Manager-Owner. Dennis Mull

Wayne Computer Store
1459 Route 23
Wayne, NJ 07470
(201) 628-7318
Manager-Owner: Rick Delti

Software City

147 North Kinderkamack Road

Montvale, NJ 07645

(201) 391-0931

Manager-Owner: CM Hatfield

Computer Workshop
1200 Haddenfield Road
Cherry Hill, NJ 08034
(609) 665-4404
Manager-Owner: Chris Kolbe

Electronic Service Assoc, Inc
Route 541 North
Medferd, NJ 08055
(609)953-1200
Manager-Owner: John Handfield

Software-n-Such
Warren Plaza, Route 130
East Windsor, NJ 08520
(609) 443-8984
Manager-Owner: Paul Hammer

BB/The Computer Store
216 Scotch Road
Trenton, NJ 08628
(609)883-2050
Manager-Owner. Barry Brown

New York

Computer Center

31 East 31st

New York, NY 10016

(212) 889-8130

Manager-Owner: Elliot Rabmowitz

Leigh's Computer
212 East 85th Street
New York, NY 10028
Manager-Owner. Leigh Goldstein

CompTek

90 John Street

New York, NY 10038

(212) 962-6131

Manager-Owner: Frances Banks

Computer Emporium
37 North Street
Middletown, NY 10940
Manager-Owner: Kate Honders

Compu-Tech
511 Hempstead Avenue
West Hepstead, NY 11552
Manager-Owner. Jim Brewington

Software Emporium
151 Minola Avenue
Rosyln Heights, NY 11577
Manager-Owner: Sheldon Ostroy

B.C. Communications, Inc.
World Wide Electronics Dist.
207 Depot Road
Huntington Street. NY 11746
(516) 549-8833

Computer Headquarters

1245 Middle Country Road

Selden, NY 11784

(516) 698-9373

Manager-Owner- Dale Lack/Kathy Lyons

Ray's Supply
190 Route 9
Cohoes, NY 12047
Manager-Owner: Bob Howe

Upstate Computer Shop
1823 Western Avenue
Albany, NY 12203
(518) 456-3019
Manager-Owner William J. Smith

Ray's Supply
350 Comila Street
Pittsburgh. NY 12901
Manager-Owner. Bob Howe

Ray's Software
106 East Main Street
Mallone, NY 12953
Manager-Owner: Bob Howe

Future Distribution
Trimex Bldg.— Route 1 1
Mooers, NY 12958
(514) 861-2831
Manager-Owner: Phillippe Faure

Ray's Software
412 East Jenesee Street
Fayetteville, NY 13066
Manager-Owner: Bob Howe

Durmac Cash Registers

1628 Erie Blvd. East

Syracuse, NY 13210

(315)472-4531

Manager-Owner: William McCarthy

Upstate Computer Shop
99 Commercial Drive
Whitesboro, NY 13492
(315) 768-8151
Manager-Owner: Tony Violante

Persona! Computers, Inc
3251 Bailey Avenue
Buffalo, NY '14215

(716) 832-8800
Manager-Owner- Frank C. Smeirciak

Pennsylvania

One Stop Computer Shope
65 North 5th Street
Lemoyne, PA 17043

(717) 761-6754
Manager-Owner- Joanne Wright

Micro Age Computer Store
1352 Tilghman Street
Allentown, PA 18102
(215) 434-4301
Manager-Owner. Ed Eichenwald

Maryland

Professional Micro Service

100 West 22nd Street

Balto, MD 21218

(301) 366-0010

Manager-Owner- James A. Breen

Tri-Slate Computers

1504 South Salisbury Blvd.

Salisbury, MD 21801

(301) 742-2020

Manager-Owner. Tom Weiland

Virginia

Virginia Micro Systems
13646 Jeff Davis Highway
Woodbridge, VA 22191
(703) 491-6502
Manager-Owner: Suart Mitchell

Unidyne Corp
536 Independance Blvd.
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
(804) 855-8037
Manager-Owner- Vicki Knick

CALPRO— The World of Computers

3119 Waterlick Road

Lynchburg, VA 24502

(804) 237-3825

Manager-Owner: Walter Leroy Ashley

West Virginia

Computer Associates, Inc.
113 Hale Street
Charleston, WV 25301
(304) 344-8801
Manager-Owner Jeff Knapp

North Carolina

The Program Center

3400A West Wendover Avenue

Greensboro, NC 27407

(919) 855-8667

Manager-Owner Rupert Fenequito

Piedmont Microsystems Inc.
Route 3. Box 150 H
Frazier Professional Bldg
Newton. NC 28658
(704) 465-3600
Manager-Owner: Lome Machael

sisiSEii!

82/Commander May 1983

Circle No. 12

Write For FREE Catalog

NEW

Write For FREE Catalog

VIC software CBM 64 E3

Great VIC Software

COMMODORE 64 SOFTWARE

PARATROOPER a High Resolution game that doesn't let you make any
| mistakes. You are in your command. Helicopters fill the sky, (and we mean fill
I the sky!), dropping paratroopers. Your mission is to keep 3 paratroopers from
I hitting the ground on either side of your gun. But that's just the beginning. You
I score by hitting the helicopters or the paratroopers, but if you miss a shot it
(subtracts from your score. Therefore, you must make every shot count to
make a high score! IT HAS FOUR FAST ACTION LEVELS TO CHALLENG E
I THE BEST PLAYER. The High Resolution graphics helicoptors are fantastic.
I They look exactly like helicopters! The paratroopers are super realistic. Their
I chutes open and then they drift down to earth. If this weren't enough the
I sounds are fantastic. There are helicopter blades whirring and you can hear the
[howitzer pumping shells. This game really show off the sound and graphic
[capabilities of your VIC. PARATROOPER IS OUR #1 SELLING ARCADE
| GAME, you've got to see this game to believe it. $19.95

SPACE PAK Can you survive? 3 space games with the sights and sounds of
I an arcade. The excitement builds as the action is unending. Blast away at
I everything in sight. The alien attacks will stop at nothing to destroy you.
I Prepare for battle, there is no escape, only you can help. Can you survive? Hi-
[Res, color, graphics and sound. Joystick or keyboard. 3 Games — Rocket
I Race, Fence-A-Tron and Raiders. $19.95

COSMIC CRUZER Hot action and 3 challenging scenarios. Move your
I cruzer into the tunnel - fire missiles and drop bombs. Hit the fuel dumps to get
I more fuel. Move as quick as you dare to hit the surface-to-air missiles. If you are
I good enough you will make it to the asteroidz field and then try to destroy the
| base. No one has destroyed the base yet. Will you be the first. $19.95

VIC ALL STARS We took the best selling VIC programs and put them in a
| package to save you $35. If purchased seperately it would cost you $85. You get
I Paratrooper, Target Command, Head On, Cattle Round-up, Snake
I Out, Trapper, Double Snake Out and Artillery. All eight games for $49.95.
I Hurry because at this price they won't last long. Limited quantity. 8
I Games. $49.95

Let the COMPUTERMAT
turn your 64 into a home arcade!

COLOR . GRAPHICS . SOUND
ON CASSETTE

(Disk Versions Available — Add $5.°°)
ARCADE PAK - $24.95 EDUCATION PAK - $24." I
3 Programs 4 Programs

Head On Geography Match

Alien Invasion Math Adventure

Target Command Ruler & Micro

TREASURE PAK - $14 «
3 Programs

Adventure
Caves of Silver
Shuttle Voyage

GAME PAK - $14. 95
3 Programs

Dragon Chase
Deflect
Flip It

Joystick and Keyboard versions included.

COMPUTERMAT

Box 1664 • Dept. M • Lake Havasu City, Az. 86403
(602) 855-3357

TELECOMMUNICATIONS on the VIC and '64!

"A versatile and exceedingly well-ddne package. 17 David M^lmbefg, MICRO

"Simjjly the best & nicest VIC terminal software I have seen."

Greg Yob, CREATIVE COMPUTING

We created quite a flurry and earned rave reviews with

Terminal-AQ, the unique software that transforms the , .„.

VIC screen into a 40-cofumn smooth-scrolling display. ^ ' -

And with features like a Receive Buffer and VIC MODEM

printer dump, Terminal-40 sets a new standard for per

sonal modem communications with networks such as

CompuServe and Source. Our *64 Terminal does the

same quality job for the '64, ^

And now there's evfln MpRE ! ! ! SuperTerm tor the
VIC and '64 supports text storage to disk or tape
and program UPLOAD/DOWNLOAD. SyperTerm,
used with our Smart ASCII Interface, al$o
supports popular parallel printers.

Choose the one right for you. Call or write
today for the "best", then ...

For the VIC:

Terminal-40 (req sk exp) $29.95

SuperTerm (req 16K exp) Call

For the Commodore 64:

'64 Terminal $29.95

SuperTerm Call

(On cassette. Requires modem.)

REACH OUT -
and BYTE SOMEONE!

MIDWEST
MICRO inc

311 W. 72nd ST. • KANSAS CITY • MO • 64114

ORDER DESK: (816)333-7200

Send for a free brochure describing our
other quality products.

MAIL ORDER: Add $1.50 shipping and handling
($3.50 for C.O.D.); VISA/Mastercard add 3% (card#
and exp. date). Missouri residents include 4.6%
sales tax. Foreign orders payable U.S.$, U.S. Bank
ONLY; add $5 shp/hndlg. Dealer Inquiries invited.

Circle No. 25

Commander May 1983/83

Dealers, continued

Bob Wesl Computers
54 West Main Street
Brevard. NC 28712
(704)883-2595
Manager-Owner: Sylvia West

Georgia

Cardinal Computers
903 North Gleenwood
Dalton, GA 30720
(404) 226-0502

Inagrated System, Inc.

3300 Buckeye Road NE. Suite 178

(404) 458-0713

Atlanta, GA 30341

Florida

COMPUTECH
1415 Timberlane Road
Tallahassee, FL 32312
(904) 893-1743
Manager-Owner: Dan Evans

Random Access Computers
296 Eglin Parkway
Fort Walton Beach, FL 32548
(904) 862-7763
Manager-Owner Joanne Dodd

Florida Book Store
1614 West University Avenue
Gainesville, FL 32604
(904) 376-6066

Skippers Inc.

217 SE 1st Avenue

Ocalm, FL 32671

(904) 732-3221

Manager-Owner. David Lee Skipper

Osceola Computer

1300 Dakota Avenue

Street Cloud, FL 32769

(305) 892-1501

Manager-Owner: Raymond Barrieau

Sigma Systems of Orlando
590 North Semoran Blvd
Orlando, FL 32807
(305) 273-2434
Manager-Owner: Tom Clance

Computer Specialties, Inc.
701 East Lincoln Avenue
PO Box 1718
Melbourne. FL 32901
(305) 725-6574
Manager-Owner: Otis P. Lutz

Micro Byte, Inc
13710 SW 56 Street
Miami. FL 33175
(305) 385-2108

Manager-Owner: Ed Silverman and
Lyman Conover

Focus Scientific
224 North Federal Highway
Fort Lauderdale. FL 33301
(305) 462-1010
Manager-Owner: M. Rienhardt

The Software Connection

5460 North Slate Road 7. Suite 108

Fort Lauderdale, FL 33319

Business Machines

2821 Pinewood Avenue

Wesl Palm Beach. FL 33407

(305) 655-4730

Manager-Owner: Robert Frazier, Jr.

The Software and Computer Store
1506 Gulf-to-Bay
Clearwater, FL 33515
(813) 442-8803
Manager-Owner. Charles Kaut7

Alabama

Tricelin Corporation
Route 1, Box 128
Bankston, AL 35542
(205) 689-4999

Tennesee

American Computer Co.
1004-8th Avenue South
Nashville, TN 37203
Manager-Owner: Jane Maggard

Metro Computer Ctr.

416 West Main Street

Chattanooga, TN 37402

(615)875-6676

Manager-Owner: Wayne F. Wilson

Mississippi

Sunrise'Persons Supplies
901 South John Street
Corinth, MS 38834
(601) 287-4721
Manager-Owner: Felex Gathings

Kentucky

All Business Computers
Suite C-2317-Versailles Road
Lexington, KY 40504
(606) 253-2545
Manager-Owner Bud Walden

Stowehuewge Computer, Inc.
2026-29th Street
Ashland. KY 41101
(606) 359-0545

Ohio

Office Mart, Inc.
1151 East Main Street
Lancaster. OH 43130
(614) 687-1707
Manager-Owner. Pat Blake

Computers Plus of Ohio
1346 West 4th Street
Mansfield. OH 43351
Manager-Owner. Tom Young

Computers Plus of Ohio
127 West Waindot Avenue
Upper Sandusky, OH 43351
Manager-Owner: Roger Schoenberger

U-Compute
Parker Steele Bldg
429 Monroe
Toledo. OH 43606
Manager-Owner: Paul Doldner

The Computer Store of Toledo. Inc

18 Hillwyck Drive

Toledo, OH 43615

(419) 535-1541

Manager-Owner: Al and Jackie Miller

Computer Connection
2851 Broadway
Lorain, OH 44055
Manager-Owner: Terry Rieger

Mentor TV Inc
7516 Mentor Avenue
Menior, OH 44060
Manager-Owner: William Tomkins

Computer Site
14763 Pearl Road
Strongsville, OH 44136
Manager-Owner: Bill Sero

Computer Corner Inc.
5104 Mayfield Road
Lyndhurst, OH 44124
(216) 423-5010
Manager-Owner: Ross Black

Computer Showcase

5855 Youngston-Warren Road SE

Niles. OH 44446

(216) 652-2571

Waltz Photo
438 Sixth Street
Canton, OH 44701
(216) 455-9421
Manager-Owner: Brad Zupp

Wards Computers. Inc.
868 Ohio Pike
Cincinnati, OH 45245
(513) 752-2882
Manager-Owner: Carl Ward

Computer Plus of Ohio
123 East Main Cross Street
Findlay, OH 45840
Manager-Owner- Mike Deitelbach

Indiana

Allan's Jewelry & Loan Co.
130 East 10th Street
Anderson, IN 46016
(317) 642-7978
Manager. Jerry Rubenstein

McCarels Computers
1204 Meridian Plaza
Anderson, IN 46016
(317) 643-2662

AVC Corporation
2702 Applegate
Indianapolis. IN 46203
Manager-Owner- Brent Enderle

Impair
342 Bosart

Indianapolis, IN 46201
(317) 353-9947
Manager-Owner- Fred Imhausen

A Computer Store

2140 North Mithoefor Road

Indianpolis, IN 46229

(317) 898-0331

Manager-Owner: Skip Robbins

Computer Plus
1501 Johet Street
Dyer, IN 46311

Manager-Owner: Nancy L. Gray and
Ronald Piercy

Computer People
900 Highway 212
Michigan City, IN 46360
(219) 879-8557
Manager-Owner: Harry Hopkins

General Micro Computers
52303 Emmons Road
South Bend, IN 46637
Manager-Owner- Johr Levy

Computer Corner
6722 East State Blvd.
Fort Wayne, IN 46815
(219) 749-8338
Manager-Owner: Tom Kulina

Custom Software

3197 South 3rd Place

Terre Haute, IN 47802

(812) 234-3242

Manager-Owner: Vicki McEntaffer

Michigan

Micro Station Inc.

24484 West 10 Mile Road

Southfield, Ml 48034

(313) 358-5820

Manager-Owner: Jerry Goldberg

Comm Data
320 Summit
Milford, Ml 48042
(313) 685-0113

RoseviHe Computer
25929 Gratiot
RoseviHe, Ml 48066
(313) 772-0760
Manager-Owner. Tom Potter

Allen Park Computer Center
7000 Roosevelt, Suite 109

Allen Park, Ml 48101
(313)383-8254
Manager-Owner: Sam Noble

Haney's Computer Center
15270 Gratiot
Detroit. Ml 48205
(313) 839-1850
Manager-Owner. Paul M. Paul

Computer Mart

915 South Don Highway

Flint, Ml 48503

(313) 234-0161

Manager-Owner. Pal McCollem

Computer Connection
444 West Maumer Street
Adrian, Ml 49221
(517)265-7872
Manager-Owner: Ron Gamling

Newman AN Communications, Inc.
400-32nd Street SE
Grand Rapids, Ml 49508
(616) 243-3300

Computers and More
2915 Breton SE
Grand Rapids, Ml 49508
(616) 243-3520
Manager-Owner- Bill Slaughter

Newman AN Communication
400-82nd Street SE
Grand Rapids, Ml 49508
Manager-Owner- Nancey M Isler

Computer Tutor

502 East Front

Traverse City. Ml 49684

(616) 941-5320

Manager-Owner. Caroline Garrick

Iowa

Micro Computer Applications
111 East Church Street
Marshalltown, IA 50158
(515) 752-8845
Manager-Owner: Harold Montover

Gronert Computers, Ltd.
4505 Forest Avenue
Des Moines, IA 50311
(515) 255-0618
Manager-Owner: Frank Gronert

Cosmos Computers
1721 Grant Street
Bettendort. IA 52722
(319) 355-2641
Manager-Owner. Paul Rung

Wisconsin

Starting Computers
4020 North 128th
Brookfield, Wl 53005

Majic Business Systems

3519 West Wanda Avenue

Milwaukee, Wl 53221

(414) 282-8072

Manager-Owner: Dennis Woitekaitis

Computerland of Madison
6625 Odana Road
Madison, Wl 53719
(608) 833-8900
Manager-Owner: James Sullivan

South Dakota

Computerland Rapid City
738 Street John Street
Rapid City, SD 57701
(605) 348-5384
Manager-Owner: John Mattson

Illinois

The Software Store, Inc.
1767 Glenview Road
Glenview, IL 60025
(312)724-7730

Manager-Owner: David Pokritis and
Jeff Rayer

84/Commander May 1983

Digital World

711 Army Trail Road

Addison, IL 60101

(312) 628-9222

Manager-Owner- Sam Gunda

B-A Computer Systems
2 North Batavia Avenue
Batavia, IL 60510
(312) 879-2350
Manager-Owner- Robert Appel

Softwareland, Inc
420 West 75th Street
Downers Grove, IL 60516
(312) 852-6340
Manger-Owner. Maureen Quinn

Rozel Industries, Inc.
7360 North Lincoln Avenue
Lincolnwood, IL 60646
(312) 675-8960

Manager-Owner- Fred Whitlock and
Becky Kowalsky

Fisher Scientific

490'1 West Lemoyne Avenue

Chicago, IL 60651

(312) 378-7770

Manager-Owner: A.C. Heidrich

Kappet's Computer Store
125 East Main
Belleville, IL 62220
(618) 277-2354
Manager-Owner: Tom Kappel

Data Plus, Inc.
1706 Broadway
Quincy, IL 62301
(217) 222-65602
Manager-Owner: James Moore

Missouri

Micro Age Computer
11413 Olive Blvd.
Street Louis, MO 63141
(314) 567-7644
Manager-Owner. Norm Fisher

Common Wealth Computers
5214 Blue Ridge Blvd.
Kansas City, MO 64133
(816)356-6502
Manager-Owner: Dick York

Kansas

Computer Business Machines
Officenter 357 South Lulu
Wichita, KS 67211
(316) 267-1150
Manager-Owner: Mrs. R. Santoscoy

Compusense
1001 South Washington
Witchata, KS 6721 1
Manager-Owner: J. Kendrick

Nebraska

Hobby Town

220 North 66th Street

Lincoln. NE 68505

Central Office Equipment
2020 Central Avenue
Kearney, NE 68847
(308) 234-2515
Manager-Owner: Byron Hanse

Louisiana

The Computer Center
1 1 1 C Rena Drive
Lafayette, LA 70503
(318) 988-2478
Manager-Owner: Robert Jones

Texas

Taylor Computer Systems
949 Melbourne Road
Hurst, Texas 76503
(817) 284-5251
Manager-Owner: Mike Taylor

Computer Home
431 East Avenue C

San Angelo, TX 76903
(915) 653-7488
Manager-Owner: Brent DeMoville

Texas Technical Services
3115 West Loop South, #26
Houston, TX 77027
(713) 965-9977
Manager-Owner: Phil Ray

U.S.

420 Plantation Drive

Lake Jackson, TX 77566

(713) 297-9016

Manager-Owner: I.K. Kelly, Jr.

The Computer Experience

125 Southbndge

San Antonio, Texas 78217

(512) 340-2901

Manger-Owner: Carolyn Roberts

Valley Computer Systems, Inc
1101 North Cage, Suite A1
Pharr, TX 78577

Software-N-Things

2141 West Anderson Lane

Austin, TX 78757

(512) 451-4347

Manager-Owner: John Krieg

Professional Computer Associates
5326 Cameron
Austin, TX 78723
(512)459-1220
Manager-Owner: Steve Derosa

Computerland of Amarillo

2300 Bell Street

Amarillo. TX 79106

(806) 353-7482

Manager-Owner: Mark Trowbridge

Colorado

Whole Life Distributors
965 Washington Street #6
Denver, CO 80203
(303) 861-2825
Manager-Owner: Tom Tarbart

Zero Page. Inc.

2380 Naegele Road

Colorado Springs, CO 80904

(303) 633-0211

Manager-Owner: David C. Cooper

Idaho

Electronic Specialties, Inc.
841 1 Fairview Avenue
Boise, ID 83704
(208) 376-5040
Manager-Owner: Terry Romero

Wyoming

Computer Concepts

3125 East Grand Avenue Street

Laramie. WY 82070

Utah

Computer Plus
1078 East Fort Union Blvd
Midvale, UT 84047
(801) 566-3902

Manager-Owner- Steve Whitzelor and
Allen Vincent

Mnemonics Memory Systems
(DBA Mnemonics Computer Store)
141 East 200 South
Salt Lake City, UT 84111
(801) 266-7883
Manager: Rick Giolas

The Hi-Fi Shop

2236 Washington Blvd.

Ogden, Utah 84401

(801) 621-5244

Manager-Owner- Brent Richardson

Central Utah Electronics Supply

735 South State

Provo, UT 84601

(801) 373-7522

Manager-Owner: George S. Moore

Arizona

Computer Super Store
4001 East Thomas Road
Phoenix, AZ 85108
Manager-Owner: Richard Sarhan

Personal Computer Place
1840 West Southern Avenue
Mesa, AZ 85202
(602) 833-8949
Manager-Owner: Roger Smith

Computer Depot

1201 Iron Springs Road

Prescot, AZ 86301

(602) 778-7473

Manager-Owner: Brice Eldridge

New Mexico

Computer Super Store
1660 Eubank NE
Alberqurque, NM 87112
Manager-Owner: Richard Saham

Nevada

PCS Computer
3900 West Charleston, Ste R
Las Vegas, NV 89102
(702) 870-4138
Manager-Owner: Mickey Cole

Harry's Business Machines. Inc.
323 West Street
Reno, NV 89501
(702) 322-4559
Manager-Owner: Gordon Foote

California

Opamp Tech Books
1033 North Sycamore
Los Angeles, CA 90038
(213) 464 : 4322
Manager-Owner: Alicion

Data Equipment Supply Corp.
8315 Firestone Blvd.
Downey, CA 90241
(213) 923-9361
Manager: Robert Johnson

Computer Place
23914 Crenshaw Blvd.
Torrance, CA 90505
(213) 325-4754
Manager-Owner: Wen T. Huang

Fyrst Byte

10053 Whittwood Drive

Whittier, CA 90603

(213) 947-941 T

Manager-Owner: Darrell Miller

Game Room
5675 Kanan Room
Agora, CA 91301
(213) 707-0142
Manager-Owner: Jean Collier

General Computer Store
22323 Sherman Way Unit #7
Canogca Park, CA 91303
(213) 704-6600
Manager-Owner: Anita Broadway

HW Electronics
19511 Business Center Drive
North Ridge, CA 91324
(213) 886-9200
Manager-Owner: Ronda

Levity Distributers

6857 V2 Ben Avenue

North Hollywood, CA 91605

(213) 982-2514

Manager-Owner- Melinda Plesha

Data Systems West

421 West Las Tunas Drive

San Gabriel, CA 91776

(213) 289-3791

Owner: Frank J. Mogavero

Consumer Computers
8314 Parkway Drive

La Mesa. CA 92041
(714) 465-8888
Manager: Steve Scott

Calco Digital Equpiment Inc.

1919 Aple Street

Oceanside. CA 92054

(714) 433-4119

Vice President: Ronald N. Paperno

20-64 Software Center
9829 Mira-Mesa Blvd
San Diego. CA 92131
(619)695-0214
Manager-Owner: Larry Skaggs

Inland Electro Mart
8624 California Avenue
Riverside, CA 92504
(714) 687-3776
Manager-Owner-: Jack

PEC

1440 South State College. Suite 6F

Anaheim. CA 92806

Quality Computer Center
801 South Victoria Street, #104
Ventura, CA 93003
(805) 642-1979
Manager-Owner: David Stewart

Jay-Kern Electronics
1135 Columbus
Bakersfield. CA 93305
871-5800
Manager-Owner: Don Taylor

Micro Pacific Computer Center
5148 North Palm
Fresno, CA 93704
(209) 229-0101
Manager-Owner: Mike Remhold

J. Snell & Co.. Inc.

657 Mission Street

San Francisco, CA 94105

(415) 42,1-5898

Manager-Owner: James Snell

Staceys Bookstore
219 University Avenue
Palo Alto, C A 94301

PC Computers

10166 San Pablo Avenue

El Cernto, CA 94503

(415) 527-6044

Manager-Owner:' Gary Guttebo

Computer Ideas, Inc.
1029 Tennessee Street
Vallejo, CA 94590
(707) 552-5076
Manager-Owner: J. Gavin

Fox Computer Co.
2678 North Main Street
Walnut Creek. CA 94596
(415) 944-9277
Manager-Owner: Stan Nielson

Albany Typewriter & Computer
923 San Pablo Avenue
Albany, CA 94706
(415) 526-1959
Manager-Owner- Bill Tichy

Idea Computers
301 North Santa Cruz Avenue
Los Cratos, CA 95030
(408) 354-1210
Manager-Owner: Tom Wolf

The Computer Room
230 Mt Herman Road
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
(408) 438-5001
Manager-Owner- Gary Guttebo

The Computer Center Stores
930 Town & Country Village
San Jose. CA 95128
(408) 246-5710
Manager-Owner. R. Reid,
J. Barlow and N. Kinney

Commander May 1983/85

Dealers, continued

Inland Electro Mart
8624 California Drive
Riverside, CA 95204
(714) 687-3776
Manager-Owner: Jack

Educational Connection
1508 Coffee Road
Modesto, CA 95355
(209) 576-1611

Software Plus

6201 "C" Greenback Lane

Citnes Heights, CA 95610

(916) 726-4979

Manager Owner: Carolyn Webster

The Radio Place
2964 Freeport Blvd.
Sacramento, CA 95818
(916) 441-7388
Manager-Owner: Gary Stilwell

Ray Morgan Co.
554 Rio Lindo Avenue
Chico, CA 95926
(916) 343-6065
Manager: Dave Wegner

Computer Place
1698 Market Street
Redding, CA 96001
(916) 221-1312
Manager-Owner. John Fredricks

Radio Mart
1075 Cypress
Redding, CA 96001
(916) 241-3000
Manager-Owner: John Cokeley

Oregon

SW Computers
1125 NE 82nd
Portland, OR 97220
Manager-Owner. Jerry

Edu-Tech
1575 NW 9th
Corvallis, OR 97330
(503) 758-5577
Manager-Owner: L. Clark and
W. Brown

Libra Book Inc.
856 Olive Street
Eugene, OR 97401
Manager-Owner: Larry West

Midland Cascade
61 West 8th Avenue
Eugene, OR 97401
Manager-Owner: Ron Isaacs

Ace-Tec

Highway 101 South Sypress Center

Bandon, OR 97411

(503) 347-9322

Manager-Owner: Ace Egnew

Washington

Compu-Play

1320 South 324th, Suite A-3
Federal Way, WA 98003
(206) 839-4453
Manager-Owner: Kevin Mitchell

Electronic Supermart
7040 South 180th Street
Kent, WA 98032
(206) 251-8484
Manager-Owner: Richard Thorp

Data Borne Computers
641 SW 152nd
Seattle, WA 98166
Manager-Owner: Richard Kantak

Programs Plus

16874 Southcenter Parkway

Seattle, WA 98188

(206) 575-1375

Manager-Owner: Nick Smith

Conti Electronics Ltd.

c/o Afcon

140- 14th

Blaine, WA 98230

Manager-Owner: G.W. Harder

Computer Corner
1610 North Laventure
Mt. Vernon. WA 98273
(206)428-1840
Manager-Owner: Kirk D. Shroyer

Technique Data Systems Inc.
3306 Hwy. 101 East
Port Angeles, WA 98362
Manager-Owner: Loren Larson

Computer +

2504 Jefferson Avenue

Tacoma, WA 98402

(206) 272-2329

Manager-Owner: David Dodd

Computer Town
1215 Center
Tacoma, WA 98409
(206) 272-2271

Nibles & Bytes

4020 South Steel Street, Suite 105

Tacoma, WA 98409

(206) 475-5938

Manager-Owner: John Clark

Reed Graphics Inc.
964 East 99th Street
Tacoma, WA 98445
Manager-Owner: Don Reed

The Electronics Shop
131 North Decator
Olympia, WA 98502
(206) 357-6304
Manager-Owner: Frank and
Tim Lmaham

Bits, Bytes and Nibbles, Inc.
209 Nonhtown Shopping Center
Spokane, WA 99207
(509) 487-1601
Manager-Owner: Richard Shulman

Alpha Computer Center
1341 D. George Washington Way
Richland, WA 99352
Manager-Owner: John Freer

Alaska

BG Systems Co.

204 East International

Anchorage, AK 99502

(907) 276-2986

Manager-Owner: Robert DeLoach

Micro Age Computer Store
2440 Seward Highway
Anchorage, AK 99503
(907) 279-6688
Manager-Owner: Jay Wisthoff

Canada

British Columbia

Book Shoppe

33-1 0th Avenue South

Cranbrook, BC V1C 2M9

(604)426-3415

Manager-Owner: Tommy Wheeler

Dynamic Computer Systems
6-1960 Springfield Road
Kelowna, BC V1Y 5V7
(604) 860-7795
Manager-Owner: Wayne Henrickson

Sight & Sound Computer Center
657 Central

Prince George, BC V2M 1C6
(604) 562-0356
Manager-Owner: Jim Condon

Vulcan Computer Systems
20571 Fraser Highway
Langley, BC V3A 4G4
(604) 530-8572
Manager-Owner: Gord Tremain

Datum Electronics Ltd.
11-3000 Lougheed Highway
Port Coquitlam, BC V3B 1C5
(604) 464-4424
Manager-Owner: John Lim

Minitronics Coquitlam Center
1114-2929 Barnet Highway
Coquitlam, BC V3B 3R5
(604) 464-0633
Manager-Owner: Ross Watson

Village Computer Systems
17704-56th Avenue, #8
Surrey, BC V3S 1C7
(604) 576-8112
Manager-Owner: Ron Jasper

Minitronics
1440 Kingsway
Vancouver, BC V5N 2R5
(604) 872-3225
Manager-Owner: Bud Lam-Lim

Castle Data Systems Ltd.
670 East Broadway
Vancouver, BC V5T 1 X6
(604) 872-2829
Manager-Owner: Ken Poole

Softcorner Developments

683 East Broadway

Vancouver, BC V5T 1X7

(604) 872-6601

Manager-Owner: Howard Schaefer

Conti Electronics
7204 Main Street
Vancouver, BC V5X 3J4
(604) 324-0505
Manager-Owner- Greg Harder

621 Reading Center
621 West Pender
Vancouver, BC V6B 1W7
(604) 684-3814
Manager-Owner: Wilson Yau

Conti Computer Systems
1216 West Broadway
Vancouver, BC V6H 1G3
(604) 734-0606
Manager-Owner: Duncan Fraser

Mall Book Bazaar
850 Granville Street
Vancouver, BC V6Z 1 K3
(604) 687-2213
Manager-Owner: Mike McCord

Owens & Sons Cash Register
2101 Government Street
Victoria, BC V8T 4P2
(604) 383-7134

Manager-Owner: Robert Owen and
Glen Gray

Owens & Sons Cash Register
245 Fraser Street
Nanimo, BC V9R 5C2
(604) 753-4178
Manager-Owner: Wayne Wrigley

Dynamic Computer Center

31 05-31 st Avenue

Vernon, BC

(604) 860-7795

Manager-Owner: Chris Chambers

Minitronics Guildford Center
Surrey, BC
(604) 584-1033

Quebec

Systems Ormic Ltd.
909 DeBourgone
Ste-Foy, Quebec GTW 4S6
(418)659-3858

Systems Ormic Ltd.

999 De Bouragogue

Sinte Foy, Quebec G1W 4S6

Manager-Owner: Yvon Labbee

Systems Ormic Ltd.
133 Ste-Germain
Rimouski, Quebec G5L 4B6

Systems Ormic Ltd
1500 Norte Dame
Trois-Rivteres, Quebec G9A 4X5

Caleq, Inc.

331 Sir Wilfred Laurier

St. Lambert, Quebec J4R 2L1

(514) 465-6055

Manager-Owner: Marcel Bourcier

Le Camelot

1191 Place Phillips Square

Montreal, Quebec H3B 3C9

(514) 861-5019

Manager-Owner: Francine Roseenthol

Ontario

Questar International, Inc
7270 Woodbine Avenue
Markam, Ontario L3R 4B9
(416) 475-8044

Electronics 2001
5529 Yonge Street
Willowdale, Ontario M2N 5C3
(416) 223-8400

Lichtman's News Agency
34 Adelaide Street West
Toronto, Ontario M5H 1P6

House of Computers
368 Eglinton Avenue West
Toronto, Ontario M5N 1A2
(416) 482-4336

Arkon Electronics
409 Queens Street West
Toronto, Ontario M5V 2A5
(416) 593-9653
Manager-Owner: Paul Perrin

Computer Circuit Ltd.
733 Richmond Street
London, Ontario N6A 3H2
(519) 672-9370
Manager-Owner: Wally Soloton

Lichtman's News Agency
Bayview Village Shopping Mall

Lichtman's News Agency
1430 Yonge Street
Toronto, Ontario

Alberta

Soft Option
Box 112, Station T
Calgary, Alberta T2H 2G7
Manager-Owner: David Evans

Computer World

4921 -49th Street

Red Deer, Atlanta T4N 1V2

(403) 347-4280

Manager-Owner: David Todd

Kelley Software Dist. Ltd.
PO Box 11932
Edmonton, Alberta T5J 3L1
Manager-Owner: Tom Kelly

T.J.B. Microsystems, Ltd.
10991 -124th Street
Edmonton, Alberta T5M 0H9
(403) 451-6262

Manager-Owner: John Atwood and
Doug Poon

T.J.B. Microsystems, Ltd.
l0458-82nd Street
Edmonton, Alberta
(403)433-3161
Manager-Owner: John Atwood

Electro-T's
8770-1 70th Street
Edmonton, Alberta T5T 3J7
(403) 487-0144
Manager-Owner: Gerry Rush

Dico Post #9

103-9709 Franklin Avenue
Fori McMurray, Alberta
(403) 791-6664
Manager-Owner: Pat Erler

dBBBBBBBRBBBBBBBBBBBBBl

86/Commander May 1983

VIC-20 & C64

€xclusive needs. . . €xdusive source!
Southwest Micro Systems Inc

Hardware & Peripherals:

VIC-20 Color Computer 1 $145.00

Commodore 64 1 395.00

Commodore B128 Computer 1 (128K) 895.00
MSD Single Disk Drive 7

[VIC 1541 Compatible) 395.00
Star Gemini — 10 Printer

w/cable interface 8 399.00
Star Gemini — 15 Printer

w/cable interface 8 575.00

Amdex Color I Monitor w/cable 9 340.00

CIE Cartridge (IEEE-488 for C64) 95.00

VIE Cartridge (IEEE-488 for VIC-20) 75.00

RS-232R Interface for VIC or C64 45.00

SPI Parallel Interface for VIC or C64 65.00

VPI VIC Parallel Interface 45.00

VEX-3 Expander for VIC 29.95

VEX-6 Expander for VIC 85.00

4 Slot Expander for C64 75.00

V3K Static RAM Expansion 35.00

V8K Static RAM Expansion 45.00

V16K Static RAM Expansion 85.00

V24K Static RAM Expansion 115.00

40/80 Col VIC Video Expander w/16K 10 175.00

40/80 Col VIC Video Expander w/64K 10 350.00

80 Col C64 Video Expander 10 149.00

Z80 Video Pak for C64<° 250.00

Light Pen for VIC or C64 25.00

VAC Audio Cassette Interface 29.95

VMC/CMC VIC 8c C64 Monitor Cables 15.00

Joy Stick (Arcade Quality) 25.00

Atari VCS 2600 Game Adapter 79.95

C64 Software Products:

EPYX-Temple of ApshaP

EPYX-Upper Reaches of ApshaP

EPYX-Curse of Ra 3

EPYX-Sword of Fargoal 3

EPYX-Crush, Crumble & Chomp 3

Wordpro 3+ Wordprocessing 5

Info Designs Soft Pack (G/L,A/R,A/P)'

Data Base for C64

Financial Spreadsheet for C64

Super Sprite Cassette 35.00

Ultra Mail 64 Cassette 20.00

Personal Finance C64

Tax Qwik/Personal Tax Program for C64 11

Quick Brown Fox C64 12

Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk

Disk
Disk

39.95
19.95
19.95
29.95
29.95
75.00

475.00
95.00

135.00
35.00
25.00
75.00
75.00
55.00

VIC-20 Software Products:

VTE/CTE Terminal Program for VIC 8c C64

Cassette
Diskette
VT-40 VIC 40 Col Terminal Communicator

Cartridge with Downloading
VIC Super Expander 1
VIC Programmers Aid Cartridge 1
VIC Intro to Basic Part I 8c II 1
Home Inventory 2 Cassette 12.00
Household Finance 2 Cassette 25.00
Logic Games 2 Cassette

Action Games 2 Cassette

City Bomber 8c Minefield 2 Cassette

Disk
Disk

dge
dge
dge
dge
dge
dge
dge
dge
dge
dge

Black Hole Game 2 Cartr

Trashman Game 2 Cartr

Astroblitz Game 2 Cartr

Choplifter Game 2 Cartr

Serpentine Game 2 Cartr

Apple Panic Game 2 Cartr

Terraguard Game 2 Cartr

Videomania Game 2 Cartr

Spills 8c Fills 2 Cartr

Pipes 2 Cartr
EPYX-lnvasion of Orion

(16K Extra) 3 Cassette
EPYX-Datestones of Ryn

(16K Extra) 3 Cassette
EPYX-Rescue at Rigel

(16K Extra) 3
EPYX-Crush, Crumble 8c Chomp

(16K Extra) 3 Cassette

EPYX-Plattermania 3 Cartridge

Heswriter for VIC-20 4 Cartridge

HES-MON for VIC-20 4 Cartridge

HES-Turtle Graphics 4 Cartridge
VIC-20 Data Base
Wordprocessing for VIC-20
Quick Brown Fox VIC-20 12

8.95
12.95

45.00
49.95
45.00
45.00
15.00
30.00
10.95
15.00
15.00
29.95
29.95
29.95
29.95
29.95
29.95
29.95
29.95
29.95
29.95

24.95

19.95

Cassette 29.95

29.95
39.95
39.95
39.95
39.95
75.00
49.95
55.00

Immediate delivery on all items.
Dealer inquiries invited.

'Commodore Int.

2 Creative Software

3 EPYX Software

"Human Engineered
Software

Professional Software

6 lnfo Designs Software

7 MSD Inc.

8 Star Mlcronics, Inc.

'Amdex Corp.

10 Data 20 Corp.
"Geneva Tech. Corp.
12 Quick Brown Fox Inc

Yes, Please send me:

QTY

MODEL#

1 1 TOTAL (In Texas, add 5% sales tax)

NAME

PRICE

Your Name_
Address

City

.State.

.Zip.

payment method: Check L. Card-Exp. Date.

Master Card # . .

Visa #

American Express #_
Signature

Southwest Micro Systems Inc.* 2554 Southwell 'Dallas, Texas 75229' [2141 484-7836

Circle No. 87

Distributors

New Hampshire

Verham News Corp.

75 Main Street

West Labnon, NH 03784

Manager-Owner. Shelley Seward

New York

Hudson County News Company
1305 Patterson Plank Road
North Bergin, NJ 07047
Manager-Owner: James Cohen

Imperial News Co., Inc.
255 Pinelawn Road
Melville, NY 11747
Manager-Owner: Irwin Salbe

Morlock News Co., Inc.
496 Duanesburg Road
Schenectady, NY 12306
Manager-Owner: Joe Hopfenspirger

Manson News Dist., Inc.
634 South Avenue
Rochester, NY 14620
Manager-Owner: Joseph T. Rapone

Empire News of Jamestown
Johns Place-
Warren Jamestown Blvd.
PO Box 2029 Station A
Jamestown, NY 14701
Manager-Owner: David H. Goeckel

West Virginia

Valley News Service
1919 Garfield Avenue
Parkersburg, WV 26101
Manager-Owner: Dan Stephan. Jr.

Georgia

Family Reading Service
1209 Toledo Drive
Albany, GA 31705
Manager-Owner: Tom Green

Florida

Sun News Co.
3600-75th Terr North
Pinellas Park, FL 33565
Manager-Owner- Wendy Menne

Indiana

Elkhart City News & Bookstore
519 South Main Street
Elkhart, IN 46516
Manager-Owner: George Forman

Michigan

Michiana News Service Inc.
2232 South 11th Street
Niles, Ml 49120
Manager-Owner: Ted S. Majerek

Ohio

Brunner News Agency
217 Flanders Avenue
Lima, OH 45802
Manager-Owner: Thomas and
James Brunner

Iowa

Iowa Periodicals Inc.
3301 SW McKinley
Des Moines, IA 50305

Wholesale Distr. Inc
Highway 61 North
Burlington, IA 52601
Manager-Owner. John Sandell

Wisconsin

Northern Wisconsin News Co.
Route 3, 4838 South John Paul Road
Miton, Wl 53563

Montana

Northwest News
101 South California
Missoula, MT 59801
Manager-Owner- Ken Grinsteiner

Illinois

Central Illinois Periodicals
501 Kenyon
Champaign, IL 61801
Manager-Owner: Craig Tharp

Austin Periodical
Highway 37 North
Johnston City, IL 62951
Manager-Owner: Bob Austin

Mississippi

Cowley Distr.
732 Heisinger Road
Jefferson City, MS 65101
Manager-Owner. John Cowley

New Mexico

Rio Grande News Co.
2505 Commercial NE
Albuquerque, NM 67101
Manager-Owner: E.A. Shepard

Kansas

M.S. News Company
901 East Morris
Wichita, KS 67211

Nebraska

Nelson News
4651 F Street
Omaha, NE 68117
Manager-Owner: W.H. Palmer

Colorado

Mountain States News Dist.
208 Racquet Drive
Fort Collins, CO 80522
Manager-Owner: R.E. Carlson

California

Pomona Valley News Agency
10736 Fremont
Ontario, CA 91762
Manager-Owner. Jay Bogg

Peninsula News Company
1944 Leslie Street
San Mateo, CA 94403
Manager-Owner: Jim Harter

Milligan News Co.
150 North Autumn Street
San Jose, CA 95110
Manager-Owner: Jack Gilhs

Tower Books
2538 Watt Avenue
Sacramento, CA 95821

North Area News
2163 Fulton Avenue, #12
Sacramento, CA 95825
Manager-Owner: Tom Holey

Oregon

Fred Bay News Company
3155 NW Yeon Avenue
Portland, OR 97210
Manager-Owner: Robert Bay

Palmer Distributing, Inc.
350 SW Wake Robin Avenue
Corvalhs, OR 97333
Manager-Owner: Richard L. Palmer

Midland Cascade
61 West 8th Avenue
Eugene, OR 97401
Manager-Owner: Ron Isaacs

Washington

Rainier News Inc.
1122 Bost SW
Everett, WA 98203
Manager-Owner: Ken Swensen

Lesnick News Co.
2442 Mottman Road SW
Tumwater, WA 98502
Manager-Owner: Ken Heidal

88/Commander May 1983

User Clubs

New Hampshire

TBH VIC-NIC CLUB
PO Box 981
Salem, NH 03079
Contact— J. Newman
Publication— VIC-NIC NEWS
Interests— VIC-20 Exclusively

New York

National VIC Association
9 Crabapple Lane
Nanuet, NY 10954
Contact— Michael Klemert
(914) 623-8929

Kentucky

The Commodore Connection
1010 South Elm
Henderson, KY 42420
Contact— Jim Kemp
(502) 827-8153
Interests— VIC, CMB 64, PET

Ohio

Central Ohio PET User's Group
107 South Westmoor Avenue
Columbus, OH 43204
Contact— Philip H. Lynch
(614) 274-0304
Interests— Support of all
Commodore Products

SW Ohio VIC Users Club
659 Carthage Avenue
Cincinnati, OH 45215
Contact— Tom E. Harris
761-7510

Public Doman Inc.
5025 So. Rangeline Road
West Milton, OH
Contact— Bill Munch

Indiana

The VIC Indy Club
PO Box 11543
Indianapolis, IN 46201
Contact— Linda Kropzer
^317) 878-3342

Michigan

Michigan's Commodore-64

Users Club
14342 Stephens
Warren, Ml 48089
Contact— Doug Schwartz
(313) 776-5835 or
Chuck Ciesliga
(313) 773-6302
Newsletter— Sprite 64 (published

monthly)

Interests— All uses of Commodore

64 Computer

South Dakota

VIC-64 Users Club
203 East Sioux Avenue
Pierre, SD 57501
Contact— Larry J. Lundeen
(605) 224-4863

Illinois

The Fox Valley PET User's Club

833 Willow Street

Lake in the Hills, IL 60102

Contact— Art Dekneef

(312) 658-7321

Chicagoland C-64 Users Club
190 Oakwood Drive
Woodale, IL 60191
Contact— Russ Hurlbut
(312)860-2015

Texas

Commodore (Houston)

Users Group
8738 Wildforest
Houston, TX 77088

California

Commodore Interest Association
c/o Computer Data
14660 La Paz Drive
Victorville, CA 92392

Amateurs and Artesian
PO Box 682
Cobb, CA 95426
Contact: B. Alexander KR6G

Washington

A.T.S. VIC-20 Computer Club
7906 34th Avenue SW
Seattle, WA 98126
Contact— Ken Gazaway
(206) 935-2697
Publication— For VIC-20 only
Central Washington Commodore

User's CLub
1222 South 1st Street
Yakima, WA 98902
Contact— Bob Wood or Tim McElroy
Canada

Winnipeg PET Users
9-300 Ennis Killeo

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2V 0H<
Contact: Larry Nevfeld

A Giant Step

for the computerist

THE PRDmQUEEn

Opens up the world of modern elec-
tronics. Now - a complete microde-
velopment system in a cartridge using
the Commodore VIC-20. You get
HEXKIT 1 .0 for general purpose 8 bit
microprocessor software develop-
ment, a 4K ROM emulator for testing
program in circuits under develop-
ment plus an EPROM programmer
for making hard copy of programs.
All-in-one cartridge *
with 100 page v 1

tutorial manual.

199

Gloucester Computer, Inc.

1 Blackburn Center,
Gloucester MA 01930
Phone 617-283-7719

is©

FwnnauEe.1

mKKff

Circle No 19

Commander May 1983/89

Advertising Index

1 Aardvark . . . . 5

2 Academy Software 2

3 Boston Educational Computing, Inc 77

4 Bytesize Micro Tech 7, 60

5 Century Micro 34

6 CGRS MicroTech 18

7 Comm Data Software 1

8 Commodore 64 Users Group 35

9 Compu-sense 9, 32, 34, 37, 44

1 Computer Alliance 77

1 1 Computer Marketing 55

12 Computer Mat 49, 83

1 3 Data Equipment 27

1 4 Eastern House 17

15 Electronic Specialties, Inc .36

1 6 Event Horizon 74

17 French Silk 48

18 Galactic 67

19 Gloucester . . ,89

20 Intelligent Software .32

21 J. Systems Corporation 37

22 Leading Edge Back Cover

23 Liberty Computer Distributers 38

24 Luna Software 92

25 Midwest Micro 83

26 Micro^Ed 73

27 Micrograms 35

28 Micro Spec .65

29 Micro Systems Development 3

30 Nibbles & Bits, Inc . . . 53

31 Optimized Data Systems , 8

32 Performance Micro Products. .36

33 Precision Technology 65

34 Protecto 91

35 Psycom Software 37

36 Quantum Data , 59

37 Quick Brown Fox 31

38 Skylight , . .81

39 Southwest Micro Systems, Inc , 87

40 SW Computers 42

41 Synapse Software . . . , Inside Front Cover

42 Tamarack Software 23

43 Taylormade , 42

44 Texas Technical Services, Inc .42

45 Toronto PET Users Group .45

46 TOTL Software , 77

47 Tsasa, Inc 63

48 Victory Software Inside Back Cover

90/Commander May 1983

Deluxe

COMSTAR F/T

PRINTER - $349.00

The Comstar Is an excellent addition to. any
micro-computer system. (Interfaces are
available for Apple, VIC-20, Commodore-64,
Pet, Atari 400 and 800, and Hewlett Packard) At
only $349. the Comstar gives you print quality
and features found only on printers costing
twice as much. Compare these features.

• BI-DIRECTIONAL PRINTING with a LOGIC
SEEKING CARRIAGE CONTROL for higher
through-put in actual text printing. 80
characters per second.

• PRINTING VERSATILITY: standard 96 ASCII
character set plus block graphics and interna-
tional scripts. An EPROM character generator
Includes up to 224 characters.

• INTERFACE FLEXIBILITY: Centronics is
standard. Options Include EIA RS232C, 20mA
Current Loop. (Add $20.00 for RS232)

• LONG LIFE PRINT HEAP:

character life expectancy.

100 million

• THREE SELECTABLE CHARACTER
PITCHES: • 10, 12 or 16.5 characters per Inch.
132 columns maximum. Double-width font also
Is standard for each character pitch.

• THREE SELECTABLE LINE SPACINGS: 6, 8

or 12 lines per Inch.

• PROGRAMMABLE LINE FEED: program-
mable length from 1/144 to 255/144 inches.

• VERTICAL FORMAT CONTROL: program-
mable form length up to 127 lines, useful for
short or over-sized preprinted forms.

• FRICTION AND TRACTOR FEED: will accept
single sheet paper.

• 224 TOTAL CHARACTERS

• USES STANDARD SIZE PAPER

if you want more try —

Premium Quality

COMSTAR F/T SUPER-10"

PRINTER - $449

For $449.00 you get all of the features of the
Comstar plus 10" carriage, 100 cps, 9 x 9 dot
matrix with double strike capability for 18 x 18
dotmatrix. High resolution bit image (120 x 144
dot matrix), underlining, backspacing, 2.3K
buffer, left and right margin settings, true
lower descenders, with super and subscripts,
and prints standard, Italic, Block Graphics,
special characters, plus 2K of^user definable
characters. For the ultimate In price per-
formance the Comstar F/T Super 10" leads the
pack!

WE HAVETHE LOWEST PRICES

We sell to customers and you save the profit
margin normally made. by computer stores,
department stores and distributors, we are
willing to take a smaller margin to develop
volume. WE LOVE OUR CUSTOMERS — OUR
PRICES PROVE ITI

COMSTAR F/T
ABCDI

IMMEDIATE REPLACEMENT
WARRANTY

If your printer falls because of warranty defect
within 180 days from the date of purchase you
simply send your printer to us via United
Parcel Service prepaid. We will "immediately"
send you a replacement printer at no charge
via United Parcel Service prepaid. This warran-
ty applies to all products we sell because WE
LOVE OUR CUSTOMERSl

15 DAY FREE TRIAL

OTHER OPTIONS

ExtraRlbbons $ 5.95

Roll Paper Holder 32.95

Roll Paper 4.95

5000 Labels 19.95

1 100 Sheets Fan Fold Paper 13.95

Add $20.00 shipping, handling and insurance.
Illinois residents please add 6% tax. Add
$40.00 for CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII,
ALASKA orders. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO
OTHER COUNTRIES. Enclose cashiers check,
money order or personal check. Allow 14 days
for delivery, 2 to 7 days for phone orders, 1
day express mail available!! Canada orders
must be in U.S. dollars.

ENTERPRIZES wcronwwwci)

BOX 550, BARRINQTON, ILLINOIS 00010
Phone 312/382-5244 to order

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SUPER-10"

Circle No. 34

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Commander May 1983/91

SOFTWARE

LUNA SOFTWARE is quickly becoming one of
the largest manufacturers of software for the
Commodore 64™ and Vic 20™ . The reason
behind our growth is that we offer the consumer
only the best in quality, service and price.
We have now available for immediate delivery a
diverse line of software — ranging from
business programs to arcade style games,
Call us today and shoot for the stars with LUNA.

DISKETTES & CASSETTES FOR THE
COMMODORE 64™ AND VIC 20"

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FORGETS."

MORE THAN JUST ANOTHER PRETTY FACE.

Says who? Says ANSI.

Specifically, subcommittee X3B8 of the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) says so. The fact
is all Elephant™ floppies meet or exceed the specs
required to meet or exceed all their standards.

But just who is "subcommittee X3B8" to issue such
pronouncements?

They're a group of people representing a large,
well-balanced cross section of disciplines— from
academia, government agencies, and the computer
industry. People from places like IBM, Hewlett-Packard,
3M, Lawrence Livermore Labs, The U.S. Department
of Defense, Honeywell and The Association of Com-
puter Programmers and Analysts. In short, it's a bunch
of high-caliber nitpickers whose mission, it seems, in
order to make better disks for consumers, is also to

make life miserable for everyone in the disk-making
business.

How? By gathering together periodically (often,
one suspects, under the full moon) to concoct more
and more rules to increase the quality of flexible
disks. Their most recent rule book runs over 20 single-
spaced pages— listing, and insisting upon— hundreds
upon hundreds of standards a disk must meet in
order to be blessed by ANSI. (And thereby be taken
seriously by people who take disks seriously.)

In fact, if you'd like a copy of this formidable docu-
ment, for free, just let us know and we'll send you
one. Because once you know what it takes to make
an Elephant for ANSI . . .

We think you'll want us to make some Elephants
for you.

ELEPHANT. HEAVY DUTY DISKS.

For a free poster-size portrait of our powerful pachyderm, please write us.

Distributed Exclusively by Leading Edge Products, Inc., 225 Turnpike Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021

Call: toll-free 1-800-343-6833; or in Massachusetts call collect (617) 828-8150. Telex 951-624.