Vol. II
No. 12
44254 00001
THE COLOR COMPUTER
@«epordi,ng Ifp id
3ja^^o-LS&d
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An mdex to RainbdB
First*! wo Years ^
A Quicksort For CdCo
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
3424 College N.E.
Grand Rapids, Ml 49505
(616) 364-4791 or 24 HR. BBS (616) 364-6217
Arcade Action Games
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• Michigan Residents add 4% sales tax
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COMPUTERS
DMP-100
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Model IV 16K
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DMP-120
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Model IV 64K
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Okldata 82A
399
Color Computer 16K
175
Okldata 92
510
Color Computer 16K
Okldata 83A
655
w/extended basic
255
Okldata 93
859
JColor Computer 32K-64K
Gemini 10
319
w/extended basic
345
Prowrlter
375
Pocket Computer 2
165
DISK DRIVES
Pocket Computer 4
59
Tandon40 Track
289
Model 100 8K
679
Color DR0
470
Model 100 24K
835
Color DR1
299
Model 12 1 Drive
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ETC.
Model 16 1 Drive
4199
CCR-81
52
MODEMS
R.S. Joysticks (pair)
22
Hayes Smart Modem II
235
16K RAM Chips
25
R.S. AC-3
129
64K RAM Chips
75
R.S. Modem 1
129
32K Microbuffer Inline
229
R.S. Modem II
199
Video Plus
24.95
PRINTERS
Kraft Joystick (each)
49.95
Smith Corona TPI
495
Disk Controller
199
Epson
Call
Serial to Parallel Conv.
69
CGP-115
199
Superpro Keyboard
69.95
SOFTWARE
(Tape Version)
39.95
We have the lowest possible
Fully Warranteed Prices AND
a full complement of Radio Shack
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Prices subject to change without notice.
Not responsible tor typographical errors.
TRS-80 is a registered trademark ot Tandy Corp.
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The King 26.95
Colorpede 29.95
Traplall 27.95
Pac Attack 24.95
Ghost Gobbler 19.95
Planet Invasion 21.95
Color Zap 9.95
Railrunner 21.95
Space Shuttle 28.95
Typing Tutor 19.95
Color Come 49.95
Telewriter 64 49.95
FHL Flex (Disk) 69.95
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P.O. Box 926
480 King Streel
Littleton, MA 01460
617-486-3193
free catalog
Under the Rainbow
Snowflakes In July? / Robert Delbourgo 28
(Graphics) Remember, it’s winter Down Under
MINI DOS Switches Programs//);-. Laurence Preble 44
(Utility) Keep two programs in memory at the same time!
Move Over Walt Disney/Sco// Bain 53
(Graphics) Now you can do your own animations
You Spent How Much?// D. Ray 60
(Home Help) Analyze and graph Home Finance
information
A Pot Of Disk /Roger Schrag 71
(Disk Utility) A host of new utilities for your disk
Let’s Get Dotto /Daniel W. Phillips 83
(Game) Good old dot-to-dot hits CoCo
Baseball Statistics Made Easy / Edward R. Carson 92
(Sports) This one does everything but buy you the peanuts
and Crackerjack
CoC.'o Meets The World/ Dennis Meixsell 106
(Hardware) Hook CoCo up to all sorts of things
Not Just A Sorta Sort/C. J. Stearman 112
(Utility) A quick sorting program (First of two)
RAINBOWfest Report/,//™ Reed 122
(Pictorial) A photo essay
y\H\TZlT!/ Randall Smith 124
(Word Game) A scrambled word game, that’s what
The Snails Strike Back / Fred Scerbo 138
(Game) We turn the tables on SNAIL INVADERS
Play It Again, Rainbow \/ From AH Of Us 146
(Anniversary Special) A record of programs
Direct Disk Directory Directions / Melvin Hefter 152
(Tutorial) How to use your disk directory
Shuffle Off In High-Res / Phillip Beistel . 196
(Game) Move those numbers around
Game Train/.//™ Schmidt 202
(Game) A game and a memory trainer
CoCo To Col Richard Giovanoni 218
(Construction) Build a portable computer center
L as Vegas CoC o ?/ Linda Nielson 226
(Statistics) Probable probability problems proven
practical
RA1NBUG III /Dan Downard 234
(Utility) More on our ML monitor
Rainbow Memory Map / Bob Russell 254
(Special) CoCo’s most complete memory map — Part 1
Printout At PMODE4 / Joseph Kohn 262
(Printers) Dot graphics for Epson and Microline
Speak i p, CoCo / John Kelty 275
(Hardware) Words from a chip
Rainbow’s Indcx/Lej/ie A. Foster 290
(Special) A complete index to our first two years
Due to family illness, Dennis Lewandowski’s Assembly
Corner does not appear this month. It will return in August.
THE PIPELINE CONTAINS AN EXCLUSIVE FIRST PREVIEW OF THE NEW
TRS-80 MC-10 MICRO COLOR COMPUTER
Departments
Letters To Rainbow/ Our Readers 6
PRINT #-2,/ Lawrence C. Falk 13
Editor’s Notes
Building July’s Rainbow/ Jim Reed 14
A many-hued preview to this month’s issue.
Charlie’s Machine / Charles J. Roslund 18
How to make ROM calls easily
About Your Subscription 232
Back Issue Information 284
CoCo Counsel/ Tom Nelson 36
Successful Software Submissions
Submitting Material To Rainbow 70
Rainbow Scoreboard 90
Education Notes / Sieve Blyn 130
Teaching kids to fill out forms
Basic Framing/ Joseph Kolar. 148
Learn by taking programs apart
The Pipeline/ Staff. 164
A special look at a new (PoCo) CoCo
Using Graphics/ Don Inman 168
Making circles and arcs
Turn Of The Screw/ Tony DiStefano 176
Making a ROM Port “Y" Adapter
The Dragon’s Byte / Bill Nolan 178
Combat and CoCo
Bits And Bytes Of Basic/ Richard White 183
Text entry routines
Received And Certified
224
GameMaster’s Apprentice/ Bob Albrecht 248
A character-finder program
Greetings From Uncle Bert /Dale Peterson 285
Our new column on LOGO — for kids and their parents
Corrections 288
RAINBOW Info 298
Advertiser Index 306
Product Reviews
64K Disk Utilities
Alcatraz II
CoCo Accountant
Data-Comp FLEX
Datamail
Dollars & Sense
Dungeons of Daggorath
EPROM Programmer
Fastape
FHL FLEX
Filmastr
Fraction Math Quiz
The Frog
Function Graphing Module . .
Grafplot
284 Home Interest Calculator 50
232 Home Money Manager 42
.82 Intoduction To Data
240 Communications 24
166 McCoCo’s Menu 300
300 Moneypak 300
220 Morocco Gran Prix 222
.70 Planet Invasion 223
221 Robottack 233
240 Scramble 43
231 Spectral FLEXPLUS 240
167 Stock Option Strategies 201
233 TRS-80 Programmer’s
. 16 Sourcebook 297
158
NEXT MONTH: Football season starts soon, and the August Rainbow will be in the thick
of it, with a football game. You can start training early. Also, an excellent new column for
educators to go with our fine new LOGO offering.
The memory map will be back — for Part II. It is really a big one and will be with us for a
couple more months, yet. And, perhaps, a very special report.
Plus . . . some more music, more games and just more of everything - programs, reviews,
and information on CoCo than you can possibly find anywhere else. Don’t miss August’s
Rainbow !
The Rainbow
Lawrence C. Falk
Editor
James E. Reed
Managing Editor
Courtney Noe
Associate Editor
Dan Downard
Technical Editor
Sally Nichols
Art Director
Jerry McKiernan
Assistant Art Director
Valarie Edwards
Jutta Kapfhammer
Suzanne Kurowsky
Editorial Assistants
Bob Albrecht
Steve Blyn
Tony DiStefano
Don Inman
Joseph Kolar
Dennis Lewandowski
Bill Nolan
Dale Peterson
Charles Roslund
Dick White
Contributing Editors
Charlotte Ford
Advertising Manager
Patricia H. Hirsch
General Manager
Donna Shuck
Bookkeeper
Ivanka Kleier
Customer Service Manager
Deidra Henry
Tanya Holder
Monica Wheat
Research Assistants
Wendy Falk
Transportation
The Rainbow is published every month of the year by
FALSOFT. INC.. 95Z9 U.S. Highway 42, P.O. Box 909.
Prospect, KY. 40059 Phone (502) 228-4492 The
RAINBOW and the Rainbow logotypes are ®
Trademarks of FALSOFT, Inc.
Second class postage pending at Louisville. KY.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to ■Retritew;
P.O. Box 209. Prospect. KY 40059. Fowarding Postage
Guaranteed.
Entire contents ® by FALSOFT, Inc., 1983. The
RAINBOW is intended for the private use and pleasure
of its subscribers and purchasers and reproduction by
any means is prohibited. Use of information herein is for
the single end use ot purchasers and any other use is
expressly prohibited. All programs harem are
distributed in an "as Is" basis, without warranty ot any
kind whatsoever.
TRS-80. Color Basic, Extended Color Basic, Scripsit
and Program Pak are ® trademarks of the Tardy Corp.
CompuServe is a * Trademark of CompuServe Inc.
Subscriptions to the RAINBOW are $22 per year in the
United Slates. Canadian and Mexican rates are U S, $29.
Surface mail to other countries is U.S. $57, airmail U.S.
$85. All subscriptions begin with the next available
issue.
Limited back issues are available. Please see notice
for issues which are in print and costs. Payment
accepted by VISA, MasterCard, American Express,
Cash, Check or Money Order in United States currency
only.
letters to>
RAINBOW
PAINT 15L: NEW
Editor:
1 would like toshare with your readers
a discovery 1 have made.
1 use and move my computer quite a
bit. Hence, there are several places on it
where the paint has worn off. A local
Radio Shack dealer told me to try an
automotive touch up paint.
1 found that General Motors makes a
color called “Silver Sand,” code I5L. It
is a perfect match. A company named
Dupli-Color markets it in spray cans.
Du pi i -Color’s code is DS-GM 326. Now
my CoCo looks new again!
Frank Cerra
Kansas City, MO
RAY LIKES HIS ‘K’
Editor:
1 received a CoCo for Christmas and got
your magazine in January. Your monthly
editions have helped me a great deal in
understanding different areas of the ma-
chine, but what 1 really want to know is how
to gain full usefulness of the memory in my
machine.
I have the new version of the CoCo with
the ‘F’ board. What 1 want to know is why
can’t 1 access the full 64K of my chips, and
would it be possible to piggyback a set of
64K chips to expand my memory to 64K
Extended plus 128 with a DOS. Please help.
Raymond [Vise
Stuart, FL
Editor’s Note: The 6809 Processor has
16 address lines and therefore can
address 64K bytes. You have to have
an operating system to tell the proces-
sor what to do, such as BASIC, This
operating system occupies memory.
Therefore the maximum memory
accessible is = (64K — operating sys-
tem). In the case of Extended BASIC
this leaves you 32 K of user memory as
the BASIC ROMs occupy the top
32K.
64K may be better utilized by some
of the more sophisticated disk systems
and software such as FLEX but at no
time can you access more than 64K.
BENJAMINS BORDER
Editor:
1 enjoyed the article by Ray Gauvreau to
pula border around the CoCo screen. 1 have
a I6K standard Color BASIC and was dis-
appointed to read that Ray’s program
required ECB,
However, with the help of the instruc-
tion manual, 1 made the following changes
6 ihe'KAINBOW July 1983
and ran the program successfully.
30 POKE 275,63: POKE 276,224
110 IF BN>32767 THEN 100
120 CLS (RND(8)):X=USR(BN)
140 X=USR(BN)
160 X=USR(BN-3)
I had to save the entire program since
Color BASIC will not save
machine language. Also, if you
BREAK alter the first RUN, you need to
enter RUN 100. Entering RUN will get a SN
error.
I spent several hours playing with this
program and trying different com-
binations.
1 would like to see more articles for Color
BASIC. I do enjoy your magazine.
Benjamin W. Brunotte
Beaumont, TX
LET ME COUNT THE WAYS
Editor:
I thought the review of Gazon in your
April issue was fair, but there arc two things
I would like to clear up. First, the game does
not require Extended BASIC. Second, you
can fire in 32 directions, not eight.
David A. Sweet
(Author of Gazon)
Carmel, IN
DISCOVERED BY OCCIDENT
Editor:
With regard to the letter from Mr. R.W.
Odlin in your April issue in which he des-
cribes the apparently accidental discovery of
Japanese characters while using his CGP
1 15 with the Telewriter 64 direct printer con-
trol command: He must have had DIP
switch 4 set to the special characters position
and then entered the Hex values for the Jap-
anese Kana character set directly to the print-
er buffer via the Direct control code com-
mand.
The Japanese Kana character set will be
selected in the codes AO(Hcx) through
DF(Hcx). This character set is also imple-
mented in the Radio Shack LPVI1I if DIP
switch 8 is set to the closed position.
I would like to congratulate you on the
truly excellent quality of your magazine. It is
marketed locally through Atlantic News,
which carries the best selection of computer
publications to be found in Canada. 1 would
also like to compliment Ms. Sally Nichols
and Mr. Jerry McKiernan on the outstand-
ing job they have done in producing your
new format. It’s absolutely super.
Wishing you every success with your fine
publication.
Andrew Gorman
Halifax, N.S. Canada
RAINBOWFEST
Editor:
1 am not one to write letters to magazines,
but I felt compelled to write this one. I want
to thank Rainbow magazine for the wonder-
ful time 1 had at RAINBOWfest. 1 didn’t set
up a booth for the show as I didn’t really
expect that many people to trek to Chicago
for a computer show. Boy, was I wrong! If
anything w'ould be living proof of the solid-
arity of the CoCo, it was what took place
April 22-24 in the Hyatt-Rcgcncy Wood field
in Schammburg. It was great to see the aisles
packed with fellow CoCo users and a real
pleasure to meet my fellow CoCo advertis-
ers. Though RAINBOWfest would have
been very profitable for my company, that
would rate a poor second to the experience
that I will remember from it. I want to thank
you again and am anxiously awaiting
RAINBOWfest II. And you can bet that I
will have a booth at that one!
Bob Rosen
President, Spectrum Projects
Woodhaven, NY
Editor:
Congratulations, kudos and a thousand
thank yous for RAINBOWfest. A success
and a pleasure for all involved.
John and Linda Nielsen
More ton Bay Software
Santa Barbara, CA
Editor:
Just wanted to drop you a short note
thanking you for sponsoring the RAIN-
BOWfest. My wife and I learned much . . .
and had an excellent time doing it.
We will certainly look forward to the next
one!
Again . . . thank you!
Leu Baas
Traverse City, MI
Editor:
It was really a pleasure meeting you and
some of the other staff members at RAIN-
BOWfest. Everyone 1 spoke with thoroughly
enjoyed it. It’s hard to imagine how many
people will show up for next year's once they
find out how much fun they missed.
Gerry Schechter
Yonkers, N Y
Editor:
Thank you and all of the participants at
RAINBOWfest who made the show such a
success. The vendors who were there were all
very pleasant and most helpful. 1 am writing
to express my special thanks publicly to Paul
and Susan Petrocci of Petrocci Freelance.
Their kindness and consideration to me per-
sonally far exceeded that which could be
expected of them to extend to a total
stranger. 1 look forward to seeing them
again, together with all of the Rainbow peo-
pie at next year’s show — wherever the Rain-
bow touches down again.
Thomas P. Daly
Waukegan, IL
LLIST RONG
Editor:
Your reviews of our products Electricity
Consumption Moniter and LLIST-Rite
were more than we expected. In both cases,
the reviewers had done their homework pro-
grammatically as well as operationally, with
the result of providing prospective purchas-
ers very accurate information on which to
base their buy decision. Well done, and
thanks to your reviewers for a few compli-
ments along the way.
I would like to point out that the sample
output from the LLIST-Rite utility on page
204 is not correct. It does represent how
LLIST-Rite separates complex program state-
ments, but shows each line break with a new
line number and '(comment). Apparently,
eithertheauthororyourstaff used the ROM
LLIST function to simulate how LLIST-
Rite works, but forgot to remove the line
numbers and '.
Finally, add my name to the growing list
of folks in this business who view the Rain-
bow as not just the best Color Computer
magazine, but the best computer informa-
tion source of its kind!
Tom Mardis
Owner, CoCoDATA Enterprises
Orlando, FL
NO TIRARING PIEDRAS, PLEASE
Editor:
The Spanish One software reviewer in
April Rainbow gets an “F” in Spanish.
In Spanish, they do use “yo,” a nomina-
tive pronoun as an object of a preposition,
e.g., “entre usted y yo.”
The reviewer translates “Buenos Dias" as
“Hello.” Maybe so, but in actual use it is
used only in the morning before noon. Does
she think we only read Rainbow in the morn-
ing? You might say “Good Morning” in a
morning newspaper, but not in a monthly
magazine.
“Programa" doesn’t end in an “e.” It’s an
exception to the rules. It’s a masculine noun
from Greek, not Latin, and ends in an “a.”
The reviewer should learn this sentence:
“Los que viven en casas de vidrio, no deben
tirar piedras.”
Literal translation: “Those who live in
houses of glass, should not throw rocks.”
Conrad Kirksey
Houston, TX
HINTS TV’ TIPS
Editor:
In the April issue, a letter from Max
Shank indicated that he was unable to run
the UNIDA TFL program (June, 1982 issue)
in the upper 64K section using my program
(January, 1983 issue) for relocating BASIC
programs to the upper 64K section of RAM,
thus allowing for more data to be stored for
the program.
In order for UNIDATFL to work in the
upper 64K section of RAM, you have to
delete step 1 which has a “GOTO 4000”
statement. Steps 4000 and 4010 contain a
subroutine for relocating UNIDA TFL start-
ing at &H0E18 and since you want the pro-
gram to remain in the upper section of
RAM, this subroutine must be avoided by
deleting step 1 of the program.
The above correction wili allow you to
increase the number of records to be stored.
Therefore, line 60 of UNIDATFL could be
changed to read: “CLEAR 25000: D=500:
DIM N$(D).”
Jorge Mir
New Berlin, WI
Editor:
1 want to thank Roger Schrag for his two
patches to EDTASM+. That in itself more
than paid for my subscription to the
Rainbow.
I would like to offer a short patch to his
that will print the disk directory when a L or
W command is entered. I found myself for-
getting the files I had on the disk and this
seems to have solved the problem.
Insert these lines after line 100 (FNAME
PSHS U) of the original program.
PSHS DP,X,Y
CLRA
STA >$006F RESET SCREEN-
PRINTER SWITCH
TFR A, DP CLEAR DP REGIS-
TER
JSR SCBCF DIR ROM ROU-
TINE
PULS DP,X,Y
Reassemble the program following the
instructions in Roger Schrag’s article.
Craig Levang
Anoka, MN
CHAIRMAN OF D’ BOARD
Editor:
As author of the March article “64K Mod-
ification For ‘D’ Board,” I have been over-
whelmed with the response from your read-
ers. Many express thanks for the modi-
fication described. Unfortunately, a few
people have had problems getting the con-
version to work. I’ve attempted to answer all
questions as rapidly as possible (usually
within one day). Some difficulties are to be
expected with any article on hardware modi-
fications.
Difficulties experienced fall into three
general categories:
1) Using the described D-Board modifica-
tion or ’E’ or even ‘F’ series CoCo boards.
The modification can work on these boards
although not exactly as described.
2) Not making all the changes indicated. It
simply won’t work if all the wires are not
connected or if the jumper blocks haven’t
been reconfigured.
3) Simply not understanding the article
because of no familiarity with the CoCo or
electronics wiring. I think it’s great that
some of you tried, even without this know-
ledge. That’s how progress is made. I’ll cer-
tainly do what I can to help you out.
If you’re having difficulty, by all means,
write me at 113 Boone Road, 15085. Des-
cribe the problem as completely as you can.
Include a sketch of the modifications you
installed. Include a checklist showing that all
steps described in the article were com-
pleted. Include a self addressed stamped
envelope. If you are in a hurry, call me at
(412) 373-3363 after 6 p.m. EST. Have your
CoCo open in front of you when you call.
Brian H. Alsop
Trafford, PA
ABUNCHA BBS’S
Editor:
Dr. D’s CoCo Corner is a new Bulletin
Board Service for the Color Computer. I
would very much appreciate it if you would
publish my BBS number in your magazine,
as I do subscribe, and recommend it to all
my BBS users. This BBS runs 24 hours a
day; we support upload and download. My
BBS phone number is (904) 456-7195.
Gary Dunsford, Sysop
Pensacola, FL
Editor:
Tom Mix Software is pleased to announce
that we are now running a 24 hour bulletin
board. The board is a total dedication to the
Color Computer and will carry programs for
downloading for the Color Computer.
We, like most boards, are looking for
good public domain programs that will be
uploaded to the system.
Our 24 hour BBS number is (616)
364-8217.
Tom Mix Software
Grand Rapids, MI
Editor:
I have set up a CoCo BBS in Morgan-
town, W.Va., called the Mountaineer Soft-
line. It is open 24 hours a day, seven days a
week. The phone number is (304) 599-0760. 1
would also like to compliment you on your
fine magazine and I love how you have
grown.
Wallace Co Iyer
Morgantown, WV
Editor:
I would like to use your excellent publica-
tion to inform everyone of a new Bulletin
Board Service in Arlington, Mass. 1 am run-
ning the Color-80 (Silicon Rainbow pro-
ducts) BBS system on my 64K Color Com-
puter. It is up 24 hours a day at 300 baud.
The number is (617) 646-6809.
Also associated with this, I have formed a
Color Computer user’s group forthe Boston
area. Those wishing details can log onto the
BBS or write to me directly at 3 Acton
Street, 02174.
Greg Moore
Arlington, MA
July 1983 the RAINBOW 7
KUDOS
Editor:
Has it really been two years? Who would
believe that the little four page photocopy
would turn into the finest magazine availa-
ble for any computer. Just when 1 think 1
have finally gotten nearly all the way
through an issue, the next one arrives, even
better than the last!
Keep up the great work. I am proud to
have played some small part in your fine
efforts.
Fred B. Scerbo, President
Illustrated Memory Banks
Williamstown, MA
Editor:
1 want to congratulate you on your new
look. Rainbow is already a good magazine,
but now it is also a very professional looking
magazine. It seems right at home on the
newsstand.
Jack Gurner
Memphis, TN
ORG! THAT’S CONFUSING
Editor:
1 have been experiencing difficulties with
Radio Shack’s EDTASM+ cartridge. When
certain assembly language programs are
entered into the editor, it seems to get the
labels confused. On assembling the pro-
gram, the editor returns a “Multiply Defined
Symbol” error as it reaches every label. 1
have run into this problem several times, but
only on three programs. Otherwise,
EDTASM+ works perfectly.
Alan A. Farmer
Charlottesville, V A
Editor’s Note: The problem you are
having is due to a double symbol table
being accessed due to the location of
your in-memory assembly. Try a dif-
ferent ORG statement.
CLUBS, CLUBS, CLUBS
Editor:
Those interested in activities of the Alaska
Color Computer User’s Group should write
me at 816 N. Pine, #2, Anchorage, Alaska,
99504 or call (907) 274-5778.
Rick McDannel
Anchorage, AK
Editor:
1 am interested in forming a Color Com-
puter user’s group in the Iowa City area.
Interested people may contact me at R. R.
#6, The Woods, Iowa City, Iowa, 52240.
1 think you have a very fine and necessary
publication, keep it running.
S.P. Chapter
Iowa City, I A
Editor:
1 have received the Rainbow for several
months now and each month just gets better
and better. I am impressed with the quality
and professionalism of your articles. In
addition, on the one occasion when I had a
problem that 1 couldn’t solve and called for
help, your staff was both courteous and suc-
cessful in helping me contact the person 1
needed to talk to. Your magazine is read
from cover to cover each and every month
both by myself and by my students at the
school where I teach.
1 would like to announce the formation of
our user’s group here in our area. We are
called the Mil-O-Bar Color Computer Club.
We anticipate a turnout of around 35 at our
next meeting. We meet on the last Thursday
of each month at Ona Junior High School
We welcome any and all who are interested.
In addition, we would like to exchange ideas
with other clubs on by-laws, newsletters, etc.
Call me at (304) 743-4752 or Barry Huff-
stutler at 743-5356. Please call on Wednes-
day, Thursday or Friday.
Jim Lemaster
Milton, WV
Editor:
We are calling our user’s group Ogden
CoCo and Rainbow readers are welcome to
exchange newsletters or otherwise contact
us by writing to 4535 S. 2600 W., 84067.
Kathy Rush
Roy, UT
Editor:
The Color Computer Club of Sarasota
meets the last Thursday of every month at
7:30 p.m. at 4047 Bee Ridge Road, Sarasota,
Fla., 33582.
Interested CoCo and TDP-100 users are
welcome to attend or to contact me at (8 1 3)
921-7510.
Ernie Bontrager
Sarasota, FL
Editor:
I am pleased to announce the organiza-
tion of a Color Computer Club in the greater
Birmingham area. Anyone interested should
write me at P.O. Box 335, Gardendale, Ala.,
3507 1 , or call (205) 63 1 -3320 or 798-2355.
1 would also like to compliment you on
the continuing excellence of your magazine.
Joseph Bell, Jr.
Gardendale, AL
Editor:
I recently purchased a Signalman modem
for my CoCo. I also purchased the Color-
corn/ E software cartridge to accompany the
modem. My only problem is that the modem
has a DB-25 male connector and my CoCo
has a 4 pin serial I/O socket. The man I
bought the modem from said, “You have to
buy an adapter to use it on your computer.”
So I called everywhere 1 could think of and
everybody said that they never heard of that
kind of adapter. Can anybody help me find
one?
1 also would like to try to start a CoCo
user’s club in the Linden/ Rahway area.
Anyone interested please contact me at 73 B
Wavecrest Avenue, 07036, or call (201)
925-1827.
Bud Lavin
Winfield, NJ
Editor:
We are pleased to announce the Metro-
politan Greenville Color Computer Club
formed in January of this year and already
almost 50 members strong.
The MGCCC serves the interests of pres-
ent and prospective CoCo owners in the
entire western South Carolina region. As a
group, we are totally committed to compu-
ter literacy among ourselves and within the
community. Members enjoy a lively ex-
change of computing information, free lan-
guage, programming and hardware tutorials
as well as a biweekly club newsletter.
Meetings are held every Tuesday at 7:30
p.m. in the Plain Elementary School, Simp-
sonville, S.C.
Anyone wanting more information about
this dynamic organization may contact me
at any time at (803) 876-3928 or -3812, or
write.
Ed Lowe
Gray Court, SC
Editor:
Any CoCo owners in the Bloomington-
Normal, 111., area, interested in starting a
user’s group, SIG, etc., please contact me at
184 Southgate Estates, Bloomington, 111., or
phone (309) 828-4671.
Ray Myers
Bloomington, IL
Editor:
I would like to announce the formation of
a TRS-80 Computer Club in southwest
Oklahoma. As of this writing, we have 32
members. Anyone needing additional infor-
mation can call me at (405) 355-7254, or the
Secretary of the group, Cebe Mayse, at (405)
536-1907. We are currently calling ourselves
S.L.U.G. (Southern Lawton Users Group).
Dan Goddard
Geronimo, OK
Editor:
Those in the Louisville and southern Indi-
ana area who would like to get a Color
Computer Club started should contact me at
2603 Garden Lake Lane, 40220, or call (502)
491-1853.
Roger Idstrom
Louisville, KY
Editor’s Note: Roger, read on.
Editor:
We are forming a Color Computer group
in the Louisville area, and would like very
much to hear from anyone interested in join-
ing us. For more information, contact me at
2820 Del Rio Place #27, 40220.
Stephen Hess
Louisville, KY
Editor:
I am interested in forming a CoCo Club in
the Kannapolis/Concord/Salisbury area in
North Carolina. All CoCo owners interested
please contact meat 2419 Lane St., 2808 1 or
call (704) 932-6653.
Mike Mundv
Kannapolis, NC
8 the RAINBOW July 1983
COLORSOFT GENERAL LEDGER
COLORSOFT lm General Ledger Is Ideal for the small business man who
wants to take advantage of the lime saving benefits of computerized account-
ing procedures. This package is designed for the businessman who Is
knowledgable of accounting principles and who wants a computerized
accounting system with greater user control. The features and options of this
package compare favorably to higher priced software.
FEATURES
**• USER FRIENDLY AND FULLY MENU DRIVEN —
UP TO 96 USER DEFINABLE RECORD CATEGORIES * # *
•'* USER FLEXIBILITY IN ACCOUNT DESIGN AND ENTRIES —
**• DETAILED USER’S MANUAL WITH SAMPLE TRANSACTIONS —
*** APPROXIMATELY 800 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/PAYABLE FILES —
•••STYLED FOR THE ACCOUNTANT/BOOKKEEPING ORIENTED USER***
*•• MENU PROMPTS MAKE ENTRIES EASY. FAST. AND EFFICIENT •••
COLORSOFT ,m General Ledger Is an Integrated, journal-type double entry
accounting package for a small business that Includes General Ledger.
Accounts Payable, and Accounts Receivable programs. Outputs of the system
include an Income statement, balance sheet, accounts payable and receivable
status lists, accounts payable and receivable aging reports, journal reports,
account listing and a closing summary. During each user established account-
ing period (monthly, quarterly, annually, etc.), It will handle accounts of up to
$1,000,000.00 for approximately 800 accounts payable/receivable. Accounts
are automatically numbered and each transaction Is carried separately so that
an account number will correspond to a specific purchase rather than a
specific vendor/customer.
Requires 16K and a Single Disk Drive.
PRICE: $129.95
COLORSOFT SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUNTING
The COLORSOFT ,m Small Business Accounting package Is Ideal for the
small businessman who wants to take advantage of the time saving benefits of
computerized accounting procedures. This package is designed with this
person In mind and as such, extensive computer or accounting experience Is
not required. The feature and options of this package are comparable to much
higher priced software.
FEATURES
•** USER FRIENDLY AND FULLY MENU DRIVEN •••
•** USER DOES NOT NEED TO BE AN ACCOUNTANT •••
•** UP TO 32 USER DEFINABLE RECORD CATEGORIES ***
**• DETAILED USER'S MANUAL WITH SAMPLE TRANSACTIONS —
•** USER IS PROMPTED FOR COMPANION ENTRIES AS REQUIRED —
*•' APPROXIMATELY 800 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/PAYABLE FILES *•*
••* MENU PROMPTS MAKE ENTRIES EASY, FAST, AND EFFICIENT —
COLORSOFT ,m Small Business Accounting Is an Integrated, ledgerless
accounting package for a small business that Includes Accounts Payable,
Accounts Receivable, Sales, and Purchase Order. programs. Outputs of the
system Include an Income statement, balance sheet, check register, accounts
payable and receivable status lists, and accounts payable and receivable
aging reports. During each user established accounting period (monthly,
quarterly, annually, etc.), It will handle sales of up to $1,000,000.00 and
approximately 800 accounts payable/recelvable. Accounts are automatically
numbered and each transaction Is carried separately such that an account
number will correspond to a specific purchase rather than a specific
vendor/customer.
Requires 16K and a Single Disk Drive.
PRICE: $149.95
COLORSOFT MANAGEMENT SKILLS
SERIES I: BEING BOSS
'BEING BOSS" is a collection of six programs and Is the first in an ongoing
series of computer assisted management development tools. Those who can
benefit Include corporate executives, managers, heads of teams, group leaders,
supervisors, foremans, teachers, and parents. In fact, anyone who must take a
leadership role can benefit from these programs.
A. REFLECTIONS - a self evaluation guide
B. ASSERTIVENESS - taking control as a leader
C. MANAGEMENT STYLES - how to approach the leadership role
D. DECISION MAKING - how to handle decision making
E. COUNSELING - helping others solve personal problems
F. STRESS CONTROL - taking care of yourself
Each program Is In a multiple choice questionnaire format where the user Is
querrled as to a response to a specified management situation. Tutorials help the
user learn new management skills and Insights. The programs Include voice
annotation from the author, Mr. Terry Barker. "BEING BOSS" Is based In part on
his forthcoming management books "BOSS TALK” and "THEORY C. M
The series, “BEING BOSS".offers to the user the latest In management skill
development concepts and should prove to be an Invaluable TOOL for anyone
who wishes to reach their full potential as a leader. The author has condensed
week long Intensive workshop material Into this outstanding package. The
accompanying user's manual is very well written and is easily understood by
anyone.
Requires 16K and cassette.
PRICE $89.95
COLORSOFT 11 " ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
COLORSOFT ,m Accounts Receivable Is a full stand-alone accounts receiva-
ble system. It Is also suited for Integration Into the COLORSOFT * m Small
Business Accounting package. Accounts Receivable does not require the user
to be an accountant; In fact, this Is a highly user friendly system designed for
dally use by the small businessman. The features and options of this system
compare favorably with much higher priced software.
FEATURES
••* PROVIDES ACCOUNT AUDIT TRAIL ***
•** ACCOUNTS ARE CARRIED BY CUSTOMER •••
**• USER FRIENDLY AND FULLY MENU DRIVEN •••
••• PREPARES INVOICES AND MAILING LABELS ***
•*• USER DOES NOT NEED TO BE AN ACCOUNTANT ***
••• DETAILED USER S MANUAL WITH SAMPLE TRANSACTIONS •••
•** MENU PROMPTS MAKE ENTRIES EASY, FAST, AND EFFICIENT •••
COLORSOFT (m Accounts Receivable provides the user with detailed audit
trails and history files on all transactions by a customer. It also prepares
Invoices, mailing labels, aging lists, customer history reports, and an alphabet-
lzed*customer listing. The user can define discount/net terms for commercial
accounts and finance charge and minimum payments for revolving accounts.
Requires 16K and a Single Disk Drive.
PRICE: $89.95
USER’S MANUALS WITHOUT PROGRAM $20.00 EACH (Refunded on Purchase)
INCLUDE: $2.25 Handling Per Order WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
BRANTEX, INC.
COLOR SOFTWARE services div.
BUSINESS SOFTWARE GROUP
P.O. BOX 1708, DEPT. R
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401
TELEPHONE ORDERS
(214) 454-3674
COD/VISA/MASTERCARD
ATTENTION DEALERS: WE OFFER THE BEST DEALER PLANS AVAILABLE
^ Color Quest
GAMES
For The TRS-80 Color
and TDP System 100
Fast Machine Code • Hi-res Color Graphics • Exciting Arcade Action and Sound
Fembcts/^flevenge
3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
Make love not war? Not with these sultry FEMBOTS! What a
tale you'll tell IF you live to tell it! Cold steel never felt so HOT!
The color and excitement of ARCADE ACTION combined
with the sophistication, intellectual challenge and skill of an
ADVENTURE GAME doesn't fully describe this cosmic
shoot'em up.
16K Tape S29.95 32K Disk $34.95
.. ..
— —
i iL
j •
by Tom Czarnecki
The ONLY Ms. game around. A
must for your PAC-like game
collection.
16K Tape $19.95
16K Disk $24.95
TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp
by Kevin Herrboldt & Tim Nelson
3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
A dead star ... A derlict vessel ... or is it? Trapped
within you must venture the corridors; defend yourself
against the merciless gauntlet of agents of the machine
mind. A real-time, high-res, 3-D science fiction
adventure game of mind-blowing magnitude.
16K Tape $24.95 32K Disk $29.95
3-D GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
Clash steel with thy foe in the arena of gore. Proved
worthy, go in quest of the elusive Eye of Dazmor. If ye
findest the orb, hast ye the might to ward off skem and
the fortitude to restore the Eye? The ultimate high-res,
3-D quest for even the most experienced adventurer!
16K Tape $24.95 32K Disk $29.95
For Orders
ONLY Call
Toll Free
1-800-328-2737K
Fast Machine Code • Hi-res Color Graphics • Exciting Arcade Action and Sound
INTERCEPTOR
by Scott Snyder
Goes beyond “DEFENDER"
and "STARGATE" to offer the
most realistic ARCADE
simulation possible. Warp
speed action, multi-colored
terrain and long-range viewer
make this game tops.
16K Tape $19.95
32K Disk $24.95
mJw
THE
by Dan Nelson
Why fly to VEGAS when you can have a
casino at home! The VEGAS GAMEPAK is
five action packed games with great
graphics & sound. SLOT MACHINE -
BLACKJACK -UP AND DOWN THE RIVER
- CRAPS & KENO.
16K Tape $19.95 16K Disk S24.95
o o
o
by Tom Czarnecki
Fast paced maze chase game will 16K Tape $19.95
entertain the entire family. 16K Disk $24.95
CoIorQuesf
A Division of Softlaw Corp. 612/881-2777
9072 Lyndale Ave. So., Minneapolis, MN 55420
AUTHORS’ SUBMISSIONS ARE ENCOURAGED
Available at Dealers everywhere.
If you Dealer is out of stock ORDER DIRECT!
by Tom Czarnecki
Shades of smartbombs and hurtling comets! Defending
your planet from invasion was never so challenging.
Disruptor fire is your main defense against the fierce alien
attacks.
16K Tape $19.95 32K Disk S24.95
ORDERING —
Customer service and product support call (612) 881-2777
Make checks or money orders payable to Nelson
Software Systems. Personal checks allow 3 weeks.
MAIL ORDERS: 52.00 U.S. Shipping (54.00 CANADA
510 OVERSEAS) Add 52.00 for C.O.D.
ORDERS SHIPPED SAME DAY!
TDP SYSTEM 100* / QUALITY DISCOUNT PRODUCTS / COLOR COMPUTER*
DISCOUNT PRICES / COMPARE / WE’RE FAST / ORDERS SHIPPED WITHIN 24 HR.
Software Specials 20% OFF
PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
Astrology
34.95
27.95
Fantasy Games (32K)
24.95
19.95
PETROCCI FREELANCE
Inspector CLUEseau
17.95
14.35
Stress
17.95
14.35
Weather Watch
17.95
14.35
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
Space Shuttle (32K)
28.95
23.95
Trap Full
27.95
22.95
SOFT SECTOR MARKETING
Color Caterpiller
19.95
15.95
Master Control II
19.95
15.95
B-5 SOFTWARE
Clock
24.95
19.95
Money
19.95
15.95
Math Fact
16.95
13.95
ABCs
9.95
7.95
PRICKLY-PEAR
SOFTWARE
15% OFF
SpeciaU
64 K RAM S -
$ 49.95
RADIO SHACK
64 K Ext. Mod.
16K Ext.
Drive O
9'/ 2 " Tractor (3000 sh)
9'/ 2 "Tractor (500 sh)
Computer Cassettes
375.00
279.00
449.00
24.95
5.95
.99
Viking'
Gangbuster
Football
1 Ching
Numerology
Tarot
Trilogy (1 Ching,
Numerology. Tarot)
Phonics t
19.95
16.95
Great Word Game'
19.95
16.95
Assorted ROM pkg.
10% Off
19.95
16.95
Household Helper
19.95
16.95
MD Keyboard
59.95
19 95
16.95
Math Pack 1
19.95
16.95
TOM MIX
19 95
16.95
Pre-Read
24.95
21 95'
King
(32
K)
24 95
22.95
19.95
16.95
Song Book (w tapesi
29.95
25.95
Katerpiller
(32
K)
24.95
22.95
19.95
16.95
Fantasy Games Pk
19.95
16.95
Protector
(32
K)
24 95
22.95
Las Vegas Weekend
24.95
21.95
MARK DATA
39.95
33.95
Phonics II
24.95
21.95
Astro Blast
24 95
22.95
24 95
21.95
8-Bit Bartender
19.95
16.95
Space Rider
24.95
22.95
Aardvark Products
Spectrul Associates
Sugar Software
Haunted House
9.95
Cosmic Invaders
21.95
19.75
Silly Syntax
19.95
Killer Bot
13.95
Meteorites
21.95
19.75
Additional S.S. Tapes
9.95
Labyrinth
14.95
Space Wars
21.95
19.75
Fairy Tales
Starship Here.
14.95
Ghost Gobbler
21.95
19.75
Sing Along
Time Trek
14.95
Robot Attack
21.95
19.75
X-Rated
Escape from Mars
14.95
Galax Attack
21.95
19.75
Current Events
Pyramid
14.95
Adventure
Quest
14.95
Computer Island
Potpourri
Trek Adventure
14.95
Circus
10.00
Auto Run
14.95
Circle World
14.95
School Maze
10.00
TIMS (32K)
24.95
Nuclear Sub
14.95
Name That Song
ea
10.00
Venture
19.95
(1. II. Ill)
Tiny Compiler
24.95
Eigen Systems
Tube Frenzy
19.95
Silly Sentences
6.00
Basic Aid (cart.)
34.95
Derelict
14.95
Silly Stories
6.00
Stripper
7.95
Caterpillar
19.95
Poetry
6.00
Ccead
6.95
Space Battler
12.95
Wizard
6.00
Golf
9.95
Apartment House
6.00
Cognitec
Catchem
19.95
Mystery
Telewriter 64 59.95
54.95
Terms: Cash, money order, your personal checks welcome.
Warranty: All hardware products are warranted for a period of
No waiting to clear on software items. Shipping and C.O.D.
180 days from date of purchase. We shall not be liable for loss
please add $2.50, hardware add 5% extra for packing. All pro-
or damage, alleged or caused indirectly to hardware or soft-
grams are 16K except where noted. We re open for phone
orders from 12:00 noon until 9:00 p.m.. 7 days a week. Send
for our free catalog listings. We accept all foreign orders in
U.S. funds only.
ware including interruption of service, business loss, loss of
expected profits or any damage resulting from use of hard-
ware or software. 'Trademark of Tandy Corp.
Desert Software, p.o. Box 502, Cortaro, az 85230
Call (602) 744-1252 for immediate C.O.D.
What a fitting way to lead into the beginning of the Rainbow 's third year and
this Second Anniversary Issue!
What I am speaking about, of course, is RAINBOWfest, which we held in
Chicago in late April and on which you will see a report — in both words and
pictures — in this issue. To quote one of the people who attended, it was a
“smashing success.” The booths were full, the aisles were even fuller (yes, there
will be more space next time) and a good, great and wonderful time was had by
just about everyone! You’ve seen me write often about CoCo Community. Well,
RAINBOWfest was CoCo Community at its finest. There were thousands and
thousands of people there — and what they spoke about for three days running
was CoCo. I can tell you, after all the years of proclaiming time and again that
CoCo isn’t a toy, of beating down rumors (published by some magazines and
otherwise) that CoCo was dead, of hearing praises about this computer system
and that — RAINBOWfest, and all the people there who truly know the power,
capability and have the sincere love for their CoCos was, indeed, one of the best
moments in my life.
We anticipated a couple thousand people would attend RAINBOWfest and,
from that point of view, figured it would be a success. In all, total attendance was
somewhere between 10,000 and 1 1 ,000. Our seminars were standing room only,
the breakfast with Don Inman was a complete sellout. In all it was far, farabove
any expectations. A veteran show-goer told me
he had never seen anything like it in his life! Me
either.
I am as proud as can be that we were able to
put on RAINBOWfest! And, for the record, 1
want to say that we will have another one —
maybe more than one. Virtually every exhibi-
tor was asking to be able to participate again.
And there were a large number of people there
who didn’t exhibit who plan to be there next
time.
I couldn’t talk about RAINBOWfest with-
out saying how much all of us owe to Dave
Hooper, the local arrangements chairman. Dave
truly did it all — and in totally outstanding
fashion. There are thousands of people, Dave,
who thank you for everything you did to make
v the show what it was.
There should be praise, too, for Don Inman,
our breakfast speaker, who did a marvelous job, and for all our seminar
speakers. They included Fred Scerbo of I MB, Tom Nelson ot Nelson Software,
E. R. Bailey of Micrologic, Dr. Hal Snyder of the Northern Illinois CoCo Club,
Steve Bjork, the author of Zaxxon, and Charles Roslund of Elite Software. By
the way, Charles is back in the Rainbow with his popular Charlie’s Machine
feature.
And the “gang” from here: General Manager Pat Hirsch; Ad Manager Patty
King, who was also reponsible for putting things together from this end; Art
Director Sally Nichols, Research Assistant Monica Wheat; Managing Editor
(and truck driver) Jim Reed; and our “volunteer,” Willo Falk, my better half.
Too, a very special thanks to Ted Donhauser of ProMar in Chicago. He came to
the rescue time and again.
RAINBOWfest brought people from all over— from Great Britian, from
Germany, from the Yukon, Hawaii and all across the United States and Canada.
It certainly seemed every state was represented. It was a fantastic time and I hope
you will make plans to share some fine CoCo Community with us in the future.
So, now, it’s Second Anniversary time. 1 hope you like this anniversary issue,
as the Rainbow enters its third year. Our big surprise is included, too— the
soundsheet that is bound in every issue. We encourage you to try it out; there are
some good programs on it! And, then, we would really like to know whetheryou
like this innovation. If you do, we may consider doing it again— or even on a
(continued on page 272)
ETTER
OFTWARE COMPANY
P.O. Box 16842 - Sta. B
Greenville, South Carolina 29606
(803) 233 2700
PRESENTS
COLOR— STICK
The ORIGINAL interface for
the TIT5-80*
Color Computer to ler
you use the famous:
ATARI* JOYSTICK'
Just plug your Atari or Atari like
joystick (the Color-Stick enables the
use of most joysticks made for the
Atari) into the Color-Stick interface
and then plug the Color-Stick into an
empty joystick port.
The Color-Stick can improve
scores 50% and more while making
some games more exciting and fun to
play.
Don’t settle for cheap imitations.
Only the ORIGINAL Color-Stick’s
small inline design allows you to just
plug your joystick into it and forget it.
The Color-Stick becomes a part of
your joystick so it does not interfere
with your game playing. In addition
Color-Stick returns a full value of ’63’
for the right and down directions,
even when using two joysticks and
even in the diagonal directions, the
others don’t.
NOW Color-Stick has a
new low price
Color-Stick interface $12.95 each
two for $22.95 (less joysticks)
Atari joysticks $9.95 each
«5
ETTER
OFTWARE COMPANY
P.O. Box 16842 — Sta. B
Greenville, South Carolina 29606
(803) 233-2700
Don’t miss out order the
ORIGINAL. Send your check or
money order or better yet call
today and order your Color-Stick.
Add $2.00 per order shipping and handling. Bank cards
welcomed (please include expiration date). Orders paid
by cashiers check, money orders, bank cards and
C.O.D. are shipped within 48 hours. Personal checks
please allow 1 2 weeks. C.O.D. orders add $1.50 extra.
S.C. residents add 4% sales tax. *TRS-80 is a registered
trademark of Tandy Corp. Atari is a registered
trademark of Atari, Inc.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 13
BUILDING JULY’S RAINBOW
The Second Anniversary issue . . .
Leaping over the 300-page hurdle . . .
Introducing the Rainbow Soundsheet . . .
Partytime at the Rainbow! It’s our
second birthday. There’s been a bit of
reverie around here about breaking the
300-page mark and, in a moment of
reflection, we made the observation that
this month's issue of the Rainbow has
more pages, by eight, than the entire
first year’s editions combined. To put it
another way, the very first issue of the
Rainbow took up both sides of a total of
50 sheets of paper; this month’s maga-
zine will use more than two 35-ton box-
car loads of paper. While we grew up in a
hurry, we hope to grow old gracefully
with our birthday resolution being to
emphasize quality, not size.
Size does have its advantages, though.
Thanks to the support of all of you and
our 203 advertisers, we’re able to offer
everyone a birthday gift that we’re really
quite proud of, our Rainbow Sound-
sheet sampling of programs from our
birthday issue. If you haven’t already, do
give it a spin.
Another birthday special is "Two Years
of Rainbow," a complete index — by
subject and by author as well — of all the
articles, programs, reviews and special
features appearing in the Rainbow
between July 1981 and June 1983. Many
of you have been asking for this refer-
ence piece, and we plan to make it an
annual anniversary feature.
Another index, of sorts, and what we
hope will become an active, evolving
reference work, is Bob Russell’s Color
Memory Map. This valuable compilation
of "hooks” and "addresses” is being
presented in installments over the next
few months. Even if you aren’t among
those who are excited to get this other-
wise unavailable information, do hang
onto it because, as you continue to learn
more about BASIC, you'll develop a
need for and appreciation of it.
Among our many happy returns in this
anniversary special are Charles J.
Roslund, who’s back with his popular
Charlie’s Machine and Fred Scerbo, who
returns to our pages with Snail’s
Revenge, the long-awaited sequel to his
Snail Invaders (February 1982).
Moving right along, from snails to tur-
tles, new this issue is Greetings From
Uncle Bert, with Dale Peterson, our new
column on LOGO, directed to kids and
parents, too.
Also new this issue is the TRS-80 MC-
10 Micro Color Computer! Editor Lonnie
Falk provides a preview of this 4K
“Coquette?" in our Pipeline column.
And, speaking of our founder/editor/-
guiding light/driving force, since this is a
festive occasion for the Rainbow, and
even though the big get-together and
celebration took place at RAINBOWfest,
I want to take this opportunity to salute
the boss. In speaking of Lonnie Falk dur-
ing his after-breakfast address at RAIN-
BOWfest, Don Inman spoke of a man
“with stars in his eyes and visions of
rainbows in his mind,” and that’s very
trueof Lonnie. Laterin his talk, Don said
he likes to think of himself as, not an
expert, but a “beginner in each field and
(I) plan to stay that way forever." He was
also describing Lonnie Falk, whose creative
spirit is kindled by an almost childlike
fascination for the new, the different, the
unexplored. Nobody is happierthan Lonnie
Falk when he has a newly-delivered box
to open and still another set of instruc-
tions to read. If Lonnie ever found the
rainbow's end, he wouldn't linger at all,
but would immediately begin looking for
another rainbow. Without getting too
soupy, Lonnie, keep on chasing rain-
bows, the chase is all the fun.
—Jim Reed
RAINBOW
L)NBE lI
gVABL-E!
cnmPLiTER
DISTRIBUTORS
•mffrmtm
mill
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DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
Call or Write for Details on Programs and Discount Pricing
16012 South Cottage Grove Ave, South Holland, IL 60473
Division of Union Electronics, Inc.
312 - 339-2777
14 the RAINBOW
July 1983
CoCo ALBUM
WORD-PAK
WORD-PAK
DISPLAY
C-C BUS INSTALLED
PROTO • CoCo
WORD-PAK
80 column video board for the Radio Shack Color Com-
puter. No longer do you have to sacrifice valuable memory
and strained eyesight to expand the video display of your
computer. The board features:
• Full ASCII character set (also supports
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A fully buffered, six slot expansion bus for your CoCo.
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Software Review
Function Graphing Module
An Electronic Blackboard
I teach mathematics and I have often felt sorry for my
students because of my poor drawings on the blackboard. 1
have wished for an electronic blackboard, which would
graph functions at the press of a button. At last, my wish has
come true, with Function Graphing Module from Calcsoft.
Function Graphing Module allows you to graph func-
tions of a single variable on the high resolution graphics
screen of your Color Computer. Any function you can write
in Extended BASIC, including those using the trig functions
and logarithms, can be accurately graphed and analyzed.
You enter the functions by using the Extended BASIC
Editor to place the function definitions in specified program
lines. You then start the program and have a wide range of
options. Probably, you will first want to graph the function.
The easiest way to use the graphing mode is to choose the
range of x-values you want graphed, and allow the program
to “auto-scale;” that is, to automatically choose the x- and
y-scales, the placement of the origin, and so forth. The
function will then be displayed according to these auto-
scales values. Once you see how the graph looks with these
values, it’s easy to change any of them to graph the function
just the way you want. In addition to choosing the graphing
FRUSTRATED
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parameters, you can mark any x-values you want on the
graph with a vertical bar.
In the multiple graphing mode, you can graph up to four
functions on the screen at once. Y ou have a choice of graph-
ing them on the same set of axes, or on different axes. This is
really very useful for solving many kinds of mathematical
problems — for example, to graph a piecewise continuous
function.
The remaining two modes are the Value Mode and the
Zero Mode. In the Value Mode, the program will find the
value of the function for any x-value you specify. In the Zero
Mode, the program finds a root of the function; that is, an
x-value for which the function equals zero. You input two
x-values, one where the function is positive, and one where
it’s negative. (Graphing the function first makes it easy to
find such x-values.) As long as the function is continuous, a
root will lie between the two x-values. The program then
uses the bisection method, also known as the binary chop, to
find the root to within a tolerance you select.
The documentation that comes with the program is
superb! There are over 50 pages of documentation, along
with a one-page “Handy Reference Guide.” In addition to
thoroughly describing all the options of the program, the
manual has lots of examples showing exactly what you
should type, and what will appear on the screen. These
examples cover all aspects of the program, including the
more complicated ones like graphing multiple functions.
Examples are an important tool in learning, and the exam-
ples here are a big help in understanding how to get the most
out of this program.
An unusual feature of the manual is the chapter titled
“Crash!” Since you provide part of the program in the lines
defining the functions, there’s a chance you’ll have a syntax
error in a function definition, or a function that will require
a division by zero, or some other illegal operation. The
manual explains this thoroughly, and helps you avoid
crashes by giving numerous examples showing correct syn-
tax. If you crash the program anyhow, the manual gives
instructions on how to recover.
One suggestion for improving the manual: a table of
contents and page numbers would help.
Function Graphing Module performs flawlessly, and
clearly has been designed with the user in mind. The func-
tions have been well-chosen, and the documentation is
excellent. This is an outstanding product.
(Calcsoft, P.O. Box 401, St. Ann, MO 63074, 16K ECB,
$19.95)
—David Finkel
Hint . . .
PCLEARO With a Disk Drive
While people insist that it is impossible to PCLEARO on
a disk system, I get that effect by using: POKE 25,6: POKE
27,6: POKE 29,6: POKE 31,6
Although you cannot use the disk drive until you again
PC LEAR 4, it can be acomplished.
Steve Skrzyniarz
Tacoma, WA
16 the RAINBOW July 1983
KEYBOARDS
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CHARLIE’S MACHINE
• ^ Cr ■* ft Am r .* Qv
ROM
CALLS
THE
EASY WAY
By C. J. Roslund
W hen programming in machine language, there are many
times when life would be much easier if you could let
BASIC take care of something for you. A few examples
that come to mind are:
♦Writing data files to cassette or disk
♦Doing real math calculations (ie, SIN, COS)
♦Drawing complex graphics
There are, of course, routines in the BASIC ROMs to do all of
these, since they can be done from a BASIC program. Calling these
ROM routines from your own machine language program has typi-
cally taken a lot of studying of the BASIC ROMs to discover exactly
how to call the routine you need and also what parameters need to be
initialized prior to calling the ROM routine. Another concern must
always be if the entry point you use will be the same in all releases of
the BASIC ROMs. I am going to present a method of making ROM
calls I have developed that will allow you to call any ROM routine
that has a BASIC command counterpart. For example: PRINT,
LINE, CIRCLE, OPEN, CLOSE, CLEAR, etc. You will only need
to know one ROM entry point (which I will give you) to call any of
these routines.
The idea behind this method of making ROM calls is to trick the
computer into thinking it is running a BASIC program in the middle
of your machine language program. If you can do this, and point the
BASIC interpreter to the BASIC command line of your choice, you
can let the BASIC interpreter do all the work for you. You only need
to create what looks like a BASIC command line in the middle of
your program. For example: PRINT'TT WORKS.” The first thing
18 the RAINBOW July 1983
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RTES ARE INVITED!
you must know is how BASIC “Token-
izes” all key words. Key words, such as
PRINT, OPEN, LINE, etc. are stored
in memory as a one byte token. This
conserves memory, and speeds execu-
tion of a BASIC program. An example
of this tokenizing follows:
(Numbers in parentheses represent
hex token values. All other characters
represent their equivalent ASCII value.)
untokenized: PRINT
“IT WORKS"
tokenized: (87) “IT WORKS”
When creating the BASIC command
line in the middle of your machine lan-
guage program, you must use the
TOKENS for all BASIC key words and
functions. Table 1 provides a key word
vs. token table for yoUr use in creating a
tokenized BASIC command line.
(Token values are listed in hex.) These
are the values to use in place of key
words listed. Note that the token for
PRINT is hex 87 as was used in the
above example.
The program listing accompanying
this article (named ROMCALL) pro-
vides all initialization required to make
ROM calls with this technique. It con-
tains two sample ROM calls to the print
and real math routines. A line by line
explanation of the program follows.
ROMCALL is written in position inde-
pendent code, and will work with all
versions of the BASIC ROMs in Color
BASIC, Extended BASIC, or Disk
BASIC computers. It uses only one
ROM entry point in the Color BASIC
ROM, and this entry point is the same
in all versions.
Line numbers are given in the first
column of the listing. Lines 1 and 2 are
assembler directives. They indicate the
program name and start the assembly at
address $3000.
Program execution begins at line 3
with the lable Start. Lines 3 and 4 load
the X register from the direct page
address $A6 and push this value on the
stack. $A6 contains a pointer (actually
stored in locations S00A6 and S00A7)
that is used by the BASIC interpreter to
keep track of its location in a BASIC
program or direct command line. Later
in my program I will modify $A6. Just
to be safe, I am saving the original value
of this pointer so that I can restore it (see
lines 9, 10 and 1 1) before the program
terminates.
Lines 5 and 6 do all preparation to
make the first sample call to the ROM
routine “SIN.” A pointer to the token-
ized command string “A=SIN(1)” is
loaded into the X register and a branch
to the subroutine “BASIC” is made.
Table 1
Key-Word vs. Token
KEYWORD
TOKEN
KEY-WORD
TOKEN
KEYWORD
TOKEN
FOR
80
AND
B0
PLAY
C9
GO
81
OR
B1
DLOAD
CA
REM
82
>
B2
RENUM
CB
83
=
B3
FN
CC
ELSE
84
<
B4
USING
CD
IF
85
SGN
FF 80
ATN
FF 94
DATA
86
1NT
FF 81
COS
FF 95
PRINT
87
ABS
FF 82
TAN
FF 96
ON
88
USR
FF 83
EXP
FF 97
INPUT
89
RND
FF 84
FIX
FF 98
END
8A
SIN
FF 85
LOG
FF 99
NEXT
8B
PEEK
FF 86
POS
FF 9A
DIM
8C
LEN
FF 87
SQR
FF 9B
READ
8D
STR$
FF 88
HEXS
FF 9C
RUN
8E
VAL
FF 89
VARPTR
FF 9D
RESTORE
8F
ASC
FF 8A
INSTR
FF 9E
RETURN
90
CHR$
FF 8B
TIMER
FF 9F
STOP
91
EOF
FF 8C
PPOINT
FF A0
POKE
92
JOYSTK
FF 8D
STRINGS
FF A1
CONT
93
LEFTS
FF 8E
LIST
94
RIGHTS
FF 8F
DISK BASIC
CLEAR
95
MIDS
FF 90
NEW
96
POINT
FF 91
DIR
CE
CLOAD
97
INKEYS
FF 92
DRIVE
CF
CSAVE
98
MEM
FF 93
FIELD
DO
OPEN
99
FILES
D1
CLOSE
9A
ENTENDED BASIC
KILL
D2
LLIST
9B
LOAD
D3
SET
9C
DEL
B5
LSET
D4
RESET
9D
EDIT
B6
MERGE
D5
CLS
9E
TRON
B7
RENAME
D6
MOTOR
9F
TROFF
B8
RSET
D7
SOUND
A0
DEF
B9
SAVE
D8
AUDIO
A1
LET
BA
WRITE
D9
EXEC
A2
LINE
BB
VERIFY
DA
SKIPF
A3
PCLS
BC
UNLOAD
DB
TAB (
A4
PSET
BD
DSK1NI
DC
TO
A5
PRESET
BE
BACKUP
DD
SUB
A6
SCREEN
BF
COPY
DE
THEN
A7
PCLEAR
CO
DSKIS
DF
NOT
A8
COLOR
Cl
DSKOS
E0
STEP
A9
CIRCLE
C2
CVN
FF A2
OFF
AA
PAINT
C3
FREE
FF A3
+
AB
GET
C4
LOC
FF A4
-
AC
PUT
C5
LOF
FF A5
*
AD
DRAW
C6
MKNS
FF A6
/
AE
PCOPY
Cl
AS
FF A7
A
AF
PMODE
C8
Let me skip to lines 12 through 16
next. This is where the actual ROM call
is made. First, line 12 stores the pointer
to the command string (X register) in
direct page address $A6. Next the A
register is loaded with the first byte of
the command line (LDA ,X). Line 14
clears the carry flag bit in the condition
code register. This is required to signal
the BASIC interpreter that a command
line to execute follows. The other possi-
bility is that a BASIC program line,
with a line number, was being entered
into memory. In this case, the BASIC
interpreter would only store the line in
the BASIC program storage area, not
execute it. Line 15 makes the ROM call
to execute the command line pointed to
20 the RAINBOW July 1983
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by $A6,$A7. This ROM call is a subroutine in the Color
BASIC ROM that is called by BASIC’s main command
interpretation loop. The main command interpretation loop
calls $ADC6 when it is all set to execute the next command
in a BASIC program, or in a direct command. Upon entry, it
assumes that $A6,$A7 is pointing to the next BASIC com-
mand to execute, and that the A register contains the first
byte of that command. After the ROM call returns, line 16
of this subroutine returns program control to the calling
routine with an RTS. This subroutine, named BASIC, is the
real key to making ROM calls. It may be called from any
part of your machine language program to make a ROM
call. The only entry requirement is that the X register must
point to the tokenized BASIC command line that is to be
executed.
Now back to the rest of the program. Lines 7 and 8 make a
sample call (in the same manner as lines 5 and 6) to the ROM
routine “PRINT.”
Lines 9, 10 and 11 restore the original contents of the
pointer $A6,$A7, and then return to the main calling pro-
gram. This is the end of my sample program so this RTS will
return to BASIC and the OK prompt.
Line 17 is where the tokenized BASIC command string is
stored. This line was created as follows:
$41 ASCII value for letter “A”
$B3 Token for math operator “=”
$FF,$85 Token for function “SIN”
$28 ASCII value for left paren. “(”
$32 ASCII value for number “1”
$29 ASCII value for right paren. “)”
$0 Line terminator
Put them all together they spell A=S1N(1)
Line 18 stores a similar construction of the BASIC com-
mand PRINT A:
$87 Token for PRINT
$41 ASCII value for letter “A”
$0 Line terminator
Line 19 is an assembler directive that ends assembly and
indicates to the assembler the address of the program entry
point.
This completes the description of ROM CALL operation.
Now I will point out some cautions you should observe
when making ROM calls with this method. First,
CLOA DM and CSA VEM cannot be called in this manner. 1
will describe changes to this program to call these ROM
routines at the end of the article. Second, BASIC does
memory available checks during many of these ROM calls.
BASIC defines available memory as the space from where
the free memory pointer is pointing up to the stack pointer
register. (Free memory pointer is located at $1F,$20.) If
your program has moved the STACK pointer very low in
memory, BASIC may think you are out of memory (during
a ROM call) and terminate your program with the familiar
OM ERROR message. Third, if you define any numeric or
string variables, BASIC will store them where it thinks
variable storage and string storage have been allocated. Y ou
should not have any other important data here or it will be
written over. Variable space is defined by the pointers
located at the following addresses:
$ 1 B,$ 1 C Start of simple variables
$ I D,$ 1 E Start of array variables
$! F,$20 Start of free memory
$21, $22 Bottom of string storage space
$27, $28 Top of string storage space
These cautions can be summarized as follows: You must
make sure your program stays away from memory used by
BASIC, and be careful not to do anything that will prevent
BASIC from being able to run (moving stack pointer so low
that an out of memory error occurs, for example). Y ou may
make ROM calls to the routines CLEAR, PCLEAR,
FILES, and DIM to modify the BASIC variable space
pointers as you wish.
The two commands CLOA DM and CSA VEM may be
called with one change to the program given. This change is
necessary because the BASIC interpreter handles the two
commands as special cases in the main command interpreta-
tion loop, mentioned earlier. If BASIC sees a CLOAD or
CSA VE token to execute, it does not call the ROM routine
at $ADC6. Instead, it calls a routine at $8C62 for CLOAD,
or $83 1 A for CSA VE. Therefore, to call CLOA DM you
must change line 15 to read JSR $8C62. To call CSA VEM
you must change line 1 5 to read JSR $83 1 A. The command
string token for CLOA DM or CSA VEM is created with the
token for CLOA D or CSA FCfollowed by the ADC1I value
of “M” ($4D).
I have not personally tried every possible ROM call using
this method. If anyone finds one that does not work, I would
be glad to hear from you, and offer some assistance if I can.
From studying my disassembly of the BASIC ROMs, this
method should work with any BASIC command that can be
executed from within a BASIC program.
If you EXECUTE the sample program ROMCALL, you
will be making ROM calls to the following BASIC com
mands:
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22 the RAINBOW July 1983
The listing:
PAGE
•Ml
ROMCALL byi CHARLES J ROSLUND
* ROM
CALLS MADE EASY *
•Ml
0EM
NAM ROMCALL
•M2
•EM
ORG *3000 START CODE ANYWHERE (PIC)
* INITIALIZATION S
0M3
3000
9EA6
START
LDX < *A6
•**
3002
3410
PSHS X SAVE PROGRAM POINTER
* SAMPLE CALLS *
0005
3004
308D0017
LEAX MATHS, PCR MATH STRING
0M6
3008
8D0B
BSR BASIC
0M7
300A
308D0019
LEAX PRNTS, PCR PRINT STRING
•MG
300E
8D05
BSR BASIC
* FIX
POINTERS BEFORE EXITING *
0M9
3010
3510
PULS X
0010
3012
9FA6
STX <*A6 RESTORE POINTER
0011
3014
39
RTS
* EXECUTE COMMAND STRING SUBROUTINE *
t
X POINTS TO TOKEN START t
M12
3015
9FA6
BASIC
STX <*A6 POINT TO STRING
0013
3017
A6>84
LDA ,X GET TOKEN
0014
3019
1CFE
ANDCC #*FE FLAG NOT A LINE *
0015
30 1 B
BDADC6
JSR *ADC£> CALL BASIC
0016>
30 IE
39
RTS
t CONSTANT STRING AREA *
*
A-SIN(l) t
0017
30 1 F
4 1 B3FF8528
MATHS
FCB *41 , *B3, *FF, *85, *28, *31 , *29,0
a^STnId
*
PRINT A *
0016
3027
874100
PRNTS
FCB *87, *41,0
PRINT A
0019
302A
END START
NO ERRORS
FOUND
A=SIN(1)
PRINT A
You should see the floating point representation of
SIN(l) displayed on your screen. Readers with assemblers
can simply enter the source code from the listing and assem-
ble it. If you don’t have an assembler, you may POKE the
hex values from the program listing (third column) into any
free memory space. A monitor would make this job a lot
easier. I located this sample program at $3000. If you POKE
ROMCALL into memory by hand, be sure to poke all eight
values in line 1 7 (following the FCB) into memory. Only the
first five are listed in column three due to the column width
allocated.
Hint . . .
I would like to pass on a helpful hint for single disk drive
owners to use when backing up a disk. Use
PCLEAR (ENTER)
FILES (ENTER)
BACKUP (ENTER)
This will speed up the process and make fewer disk
switches necessary. I use this all the time and have never had
a problem doing so.
Jim Lemaster
PARALLEL
PRINTER
INTERFACE
FOR THE RADIO SHACK COLOR COMPUTER
AND THE TDP 100
* RUN ANY STANDARD PARALLEL PRINTER
FROM THE SERIAL (/O PORT
* WORKS WITH: EPSON, NEC, CENTRONICS,
C-itoh, SMITH CORONA, RADIO SHACK,
GEMINI, OR ANY STANDARD PARALLEL PRINTER
* SWITCH SELECTABLE BAUD RATES FROM 300 to 9600
* COMPLETE -ALL CABLES AND CONNECTORS
INCLUDED
* PRICE: $69 plus $3 for shipping and handling.
Canadian orders add $5 for shipping. Michigan
residents add 4% sales tax.
PRINTERS
C-itoh PROWRITER
GEMINI 10
EPSON FX80
$ 365
$310
$ 570
Plus shipping
CALL FOR PRICES ON OTHER MODELS FROM
THE ABOVE PRINTER MANUFACTURERS
BOTEK INSTRUMENTS
313-739-2910
Dealer inquiries invited
4949 HAMPSHIRE
UTICA, MICHIGAN 48087
July 1983 the RAINBOW 23
O O O O F> Ft O
COCOSLOTS
"as wall done computerized one-araed bandit as I can
imagine" JAN 1933 RAINBOW REVIEW
ONLY $12.00
REVERSI
OTHELLO "this is a very good show from
COCOPRQ" DEC 1982 RAINBOW REVIEW
CHEAP $12.00
FULL SCREEN EDITOR
Use arrow-keys control for editing of basic programs,
Much much more.
BARGAIN - $15.00
COLOR DIRECTORY
This is the DIR command that you wish you had.
Sorted DIR list with selection. Optional display to
printer.
A MUST $12.00
EXPANDED DIRECTORY
Save up to 123 files on one diskette.
GOOD BUY $12.00
CASSETTE DIRECTORY
List program name, length, start, end and transfer
address. Free with all orders if requested or send
$2.50 for program on cassette.
Above programs written in machine language for 16k.
COCOSLOTS, REVERSI, CASSETTE DIRECTORY and FULL SCREEN
EDITOR do not require EXTENDED BASIC! ! ! But are
compatible with EXTENDED or DISK BASIC.
MASTER DIRECTORY
1 Master listing by diskette number with description.
$ Master listing of all your programs in either
diskette or program sequence.
i Basic for easy costomizing: fast mach lang sort
i Requires 32k with printer
BEST SELLER $23.00
*** FREE CATALOG ***
Send self addressed stamped envelope.
Send check or money-order to:
CQCOF'RO
P.0. BOX 37322
ST LOUIS, MO 63141
Postage paid on pre-paid- orders in continental U.S..
f!0 residents add 5.6257. sales tax.
Software Review
Data Communications
Tutor Does the Job
In case you’ve ever wondered what magic is involved
when two computers hold a conversation, the folks at Com-
puterware have a tutorial program which is designed to
teach a beginner the basic ideas and terminology involved in
computer generated data communications.
Called, appropriately enough, Introduction to Data Com-
munications, this instructional program, supplied on cas-
sette or disk, is divided into five lessons so it can be loaded
into 16K 80Cs. The first four parts are the instructional
material which is presented one page at a time with about 1 5
screen pages per “lesson.”
Colorful graphics are interspersed in the lessons showing
visual examples of the material. For example, the material
on acoustic modems has an illustration of a CPU, acoustic
modem and a telephone handset suspended over the mod-
em. Very nice use of the CoCo’s graphic capabilities. The
fifth section is a 10-question exam which determines what
you have retained from the first four lessons. At the end of
the test you are graded and to the chagrin of those not
paying attention — critiqued. Just like my old school marm,
Mrs. Grundy, nasty comments are given to those under-
achieving, suggesting a review of the material.
The lessons are written by Computerware to be specifi-
cally applicable to transmitting and receiving data over
telephone lines with the 80C.
Topics covered are:
• Definitions of data communications
•Examples of its uses
• Block diagram of a simple circuit
•The RS-232 Interface
• An explanation of the RS-232 signal
•Types of modulation
•Telephone line frequencies and level specs
• Baud and BPS
• Start and stop bits
• Asynchronous data
The lessons are presented in a concise manner on the
screen. Each screen is advanced by the user at his own pace.
U nfortunately, you cannot “back up” to review the material
from previous pages without rerunning the program. The
lessons auto-load from one series to another so the separa-
tion of the material into five parts is not a problem in use.
While Computerware has done a fine job of summarizing
the basics of data communications relating to the 80C, I
can’t help but think that information of this type could be
more effectively presented in a printed booklet. The student
would be able to page back and forth to review the data.
For those who are interested in learning the basics of data
communications through interaction with their CoCo,
Introduction to Data Communications is the program.
(Computerware, Box 668, 4402 Manchester Ave., Suite 102,
Encinitas, CA 92024, $17.95 on tape, S22.95 on disk)
— Bruce Rothermel
RAINBOW
CERIlf iCAtiON
St At
24 the RAINBOW July 1983
COLORSOFT
TM
ESCAPE
A 3-D GRAPHICS ADVENTURE WITH SOUND
(Machine Language for Fast Action)
This is NOT the usual "find the treasure" adventure. In
ESCAPE, ydu are trapped on the top floor of a
skyscraper and the only way out is by using a very
unusual elevator. You must give the elevator the
correct code or else the ride down is a real killer. The
maze-like halls seem to come to life due to the fantastic
3-D graphics. Search the halls for rooms which contain
clues to the correct code. Clues must be deciphered to
learn the elevator's secret code. Game times depends
on the skill of the player, but it is typically 8-10 hours.
ESCAPE is suitable for group play. A mentally
stimulating experience.
16K BASIC $18.95
RECIPE FILE
A CASSETTE BASED STORAGE AND
RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
This program permits storage of your favorite recipes
for retrieval by your computer. Once a recipe has been
recalled, then the computer can adjust the ingredient
measure for serving the desired number of persons.
Each recipe can contain special comments on
preparation as well as the full instructions for using the
recipe. Included is a line oriented text editor for
creating and editing the variable length files.
Completely menu driven and very user friendly. Easily
modified by the user for use in keeping track of record,
coin or stamp collections or whatever your interest.
Screen or printer output.
16K Ext. BASIC $21.95
SPECIAL: A collection ot 30 recipies covering main
meals to snacks. Only $3.95 with program.
SQUIRE
SQUIRE is a challenging game of
asset management. The player must
manage a country estate and contend
with crop failure, investment losses,
taxes and other such headaches. The
object of the game is to increase the
estate's value while providing for the
peasant workers. The starting assets
are computer selected so that each
game offers different challenges.
Great experience for the kids or
aspiring executives.
16K Ext. BASIC
$14.95
HOUSEHOLD EXPENSE
MANAGER
This menu driven program package is
designed for creating and
maintaining a data file on cassette of
30 household expense categories for
a 12-month period. It also keeps
cumulative totals and a separate total
of tax deductable expenses. A
comparative analysis program
provides a graphic presentation of
relative expenses between any two
months during the year. The user can
change categories by modifying
program code. Screen or printer
output.
16K Ext. BASIC $19-95
FLIPPER
A fun and challenging version of the
Othello” type board games. This
version includes options for play
solely by the computer, one player
against the computer, or two players
against each other. The computer
can play on four skill levels. Very
colorful with plenty of sound. Fun for
kids and challenging for adults. Great
for parties.
16K Ext. BASIC
$16.95
COLOR
SOFTware
SERVICES
INCLUDE $2.25 HANDLING PER ORDER
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
P.O. BOX 1708, DEPT. R
GREENVILLE, TEXAS 75401
DEALER INQUIRES INVITED
TELEPHONE ORDERS
(214) 454-3674
9-4 Monday-Saturday
VISA/MASTERCARD
THE TOP-RATED COCO WORD PROCESSOR:
TELEWRITER-64
Colorware researched the word
processors available for the Color
Computer. We came to the very
same conclusion that so many re-
view articles have! Telewriter-64
is, by far, the superior word pro-
cessor for the Color Computer
Why is Telewriter so much bet-
ter than the others? For one thing,
it has overcome the 32x1 6 charac-
ter display limitation of the Color
Computer. No small feat, Telewri-
ter accomplishes this by generat-
ing its own set of characters in
software. You select 51 x24. 64x24
or 85x24 character displays by
merely issuing a format command.
If you have ever used a word pro-
cessing system, you know how im-
portant it is to be able to see a good
portion of your text on the screen.
Telewriter-64 also generates
true lower case characters. This is
much preferable to the reverse
characters that merely "represent"
lower case letters in other co-co
word processors
Telewriter-64 is feature packed.
Besides the standard features
found in any word processor. Tele-
writer also includes: user-friendly
full-screen editing, rapid cursor
and scrolling control, page jump,
right justification, menu-driven
disk or cassette access, compata-
bility with spelling checkers (such
as Spell-and-Fix), and a clever
double check that asks the user
"Are you sure?"' before executing
any operation that would kill any
sizeable amount of your text.
Telewriter-64 runs on any 16K,
32K, or 64K system (extended
Basic not required) and works with
any printer It has all of the control
codes necessary to take full ad-
vantage of all of the features in any
printer. There is even a "typewri-
ter" mode which sends typed lines
directly to your printer.
With advanced word processing
software such as this, your color
computer becomes a truly power-
ful word processing system, with a
price that makes sense for the per-
sonal user.
Beyond impressive capability,
Telewriter-64 simply makes any
kind of writing a pleasure. It is a
truly sophisticated system that is
marvelously easy to learn and en-
loyable to use.
Disk .... $59.95
Cassette . $49.95
EXTENSION CABLE FOR
YOUR MODEM/PRINTER
Place your modem or printer where you
want 15 ft. cable with four-pin male
and four-pin female DIN connectors
QUANTITY PRICE EACH
2-4 (2 min.) $5.50
5-9 3.50
10-99 2.75
100 & up CALL
Give a Professional look to your project or product
• Designed especially for the Color Computer ROM slot.
• High quality 3 piece injection molded black plastic with
spring-loaded door.
• Same size and specifications as Radio Shack ROMpak
SUPER-PRO KEYBOARD
REPLACEMENT PROFESSIONAL
KEYBOARD KIT...0NLY $ 69.95
• Contour molded, full travel keys for fast smooth typing.
• Custom made to fit precisely. Has same key layout.
• Complete, easy instructions for any CoCo or TDP-1 00.
• Ideal for word processing and other serious CoCo use.
Note: For computers manufactured after Oct. 1 982, add $4.95
UPGRADE IN JUST MINUTES!
$19.95
QUALITY DISK DRIVE CABLES
High quality cable and high force, gold plated contacts
ensure the utmost in connection reliability for your CoCo
or TDP-1 00.
(T) Disk pack extender, 3 ft. . . $29.95
Allows you to move your disk drive
interface back and out of the way.
© One Drive Disk cable $19.95
® Two Drive Disk cable $29.95
COLORWARE LIGHT PEN
0NL Y $19.95
FREEPROGRAM
CASSETTE
INCLUDED
• Plugs directly into your joystick port.
• Comes with six fun & useful programs on tape.
• Easy instructions show how to use it with Basic.
• Comptible with light pen software such as Computer
Island's “Fun-pak."
[ COLORWARE
COLORWARE INC.
78-03F Jamaica Ave.
Woodhaven, NY 11421
(212) 647-2864
V/SA
TOLL FREE ORDERING
800 - 221-0916
Orders only. NY& Info call (212) 647-2864
WE PAY
shipping on any order that includes at least one game
Use our convenient toll free 800 line.
GHOSTGOBBLER
|From Spectral Associates, this
Pac" theme game is the best of it's
pe Brilliant color, action and
iound, just like an arcade gobble
our way to glory, but watch for
hose ghosts! Get in on the wild fun
f this game craze now. Tape:
21 .95. Disk: $25.95
GHOSTGOBBLER
DONKEYKING
DONKEYKING
You simply can not buy a more impres-
sive game lor your color computer than
this new wonder from Tom Mix The
graphics, sound, and animation are all
lust astonishing! There are tour different
K screens and each is endless
quires 32K Tape $24 95 Disk:
$27 95
I
PROTECTORS
There are several good ver-
sions of the “Defender" theme
available for the CoCo. None,
however, rival this one trom
Tom Mix. No other game
matches the detailed graphics
and sheer excitement of this top
seller Requires 32K Tape
$24,95, Disk: $27.95
CREATURE FEATURE
From Color Software, comes a
lightening swift shoot & dodge
the enemy game It's clever
cross between “Robotron" and
“Beserk" themes, with bullets
flying everywhere Solid, shoot-
em-up-fun Requires 16K
Tape S17 95 Disk $19 95
ANDROID ATTACK
Spectral Associates' very well
done “Berserk" type game with
some interesting added fea-
tures Each cassette contains
both the 16K and 32K version.
The 32K version has voice out-
put! Plenty of action Tape
$21 95
FROGGER
Just released by The Cornsoft
Group, this is the officially
licensed version from Sega, the
arcade manufacturer It has it
all! 4 lane super highway,
snakes, turtles, logs, alligators,
etc Lots of action and laughs'
Requires 16K Tape: $19 95
INTERGALACTIC FORCE
Your space fighter roars into the
Death Corridor Lock-on and
blast the enemy fighter from the
sky. Now try dropping one into
Death Star's narrow exhaust
vent It takes skill and guts
Good luck! With "Star Wars"
theme song. From Anteco
Tape: $24 95
THE COLORCADE..
SUPER JO YS TICK MODUL E
ONLY
★ It’s a Joystick Interface -
Now you can connect any Atari compatible joystick to your CoCo.
These sticks are extremely rugged & provide very fast response
and real arcade type action. They will improve the play of almost
any game. The difference will amaze you !
★ It’s a Rapid Fire Module!
Press the fire button on your joystick and get a great burst of fire
instead of just a single shot! Adds tremendously to the many
shooting type games that do not have repeat fire. With variable
burst speed.
★ It’s a 6 ft Extender Cord .
THE ATARI
A well proven joystick, the Atari is
known for being rugged and reliable It
gives good response and is the stan-
dard among home video players. Now
at a great price 1 Use with module above
ZIRCON VIDEO
COMMAND
WICO FAMOUS
“RED BALL"
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A GREAT
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This one has received outstanding re-
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speed play Actually out-performs some
joysticks that cost S50 or more
The high jjerformance joystick trom the
people who make them for the arcade
machines Built to take the abuse of
even the most enthusiastic player This
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module above
ORDERING
INFORMATION
ADD $2.00 PER ORDER
FOR SHIPPING.
WE ACCEPT VISA. MASTERCARD,
CHECKS. M.O
C O D ADD $3 00 EXTRA
NY RESIDENTS ADD SALES TAX
OVERSEAS. FPO. APO. ADD 10%.
DEALER DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE.
IF ONE OR MORE GAMES
ARE INCLUDED.
SHIPPING IS FREE
[ COLORWARE
COLORWARE INC.
78-03F Jamaica Ave.
Woodhaven, NY 11421
(212) 647-2864
TOLL FREE ORDERING
> 800-221-0916
Orders only. NY& Info call (212) 647-2864
16K
1
the
1
GRAPHICS
ECB
m
RAINBOW
-in ni-
EASCINATING
FRACTALS
Geometry
of
Nature
By Rdtert Delbcxu^o
A
D on’t read any further. Just take a long hard look at
the figure below. It is probably the most famous
example of a “fractal” shape and is named the
“Koch Snowflake” after its discovery by von Koch in 1904.
Notice that each successive stage in the construction of the
flake involves the addition of equilateral triangles (scaled
down by 1/3) along every segment of the perimeter; put
another way, the perimeter is increased self-similarly by an
extra 1 / 3 at every consecutive stage. We probably agree that
the fractal flake is a very beautiful shape, but you may be
surprised to learn that until recently it was regarded as a
mathematical monstrosity, to be shunned by any self-
respecting scientist. The change in attitude, from monstros-
ity to curiosity to conventionality, is largely due to the
efforts of Benoit Mandelbrot who, more than anyone, has
put the subject on a respectable basis and showed its signifi-
cance for describing the real physical world.
We’ll be drawing some regular fractals shortly on the 80C
but before we start let us see why fractals are so “odd” and
therefore so fascinating. If you examine the stages in the
snowflake construction, you will notice that the perimeter
increases without limit as (4/3)", where N (which tends to
infinity) stands for the stage you have reached. Yet the area
of the flake stays perfectly finite! This is the first queer
feature of a fractal and you should contrast it with com-
monplace geometrical figures where the perimeters are finite
and simply go up as the square root of the enclosed areas.
The second thing to notice is that more and more corners are
( Robert Delbourgo, a professor of
Physics, and his schoolboy sons
Tino, 13, and Daniel, 1 1, started
computing as a hobby with the
purchase last year of a Co Co.)
introduced with each consecutive stage in the construction;
in the end so much jaggedness is introduced that it is impos-
sible to draw a line which grazes the boundary anywhere. In
the mathematicaljargon, no tangents to the boundary curve
exist — again this is quite contrary to our experience with
ordinary geometrical shapes. Summarizing,
1) Boundaries of true fractals are infinite in extent,
2) No tangents may be drawn anywhere along a fractal
boundary.
Notwithstanding these difficulties, Mandelbrot has shown
that such behavior is quite natural in many physical settings
28 the RAINBOW July 1983
(e.g. the shape of a coastline, or the human vascular system)
and he has put the idea on a firm mathematical foundation. I
strongly urge you to read his magnificent book. Fractals,
Form, Chance and Dimension, if you want to delve more
into the topic. It is written mainly for non-experts and
contains many striking examples of fractals, both regular
and random, as well as a complete list of references.
There are four programs for your delectation. Fractals 0
to 3. The first is based on circles, the second on spokes, the
third on cornered polygons and the fourth on edged poly-
gons. Although they are somewhat different from one
another, 1 suggest that you start by typing only two of them
first; say Fractal 1 and Fractal 3. If you like what you see,
carry on with the other two. Let me describe the main points
about the programs for those of you who want to under-
stand them more fully.
Listing: Fractal 0
Lines 1-7 provide the Title Card comprising Fractal Trees.
Lines 8-9 give instructions.
Lines 10-24 draw the circles in ever smaller radii (ratio of
PI/N). Note the dimensioned arrays which locate the
centers.
Lines 25-20 freeze and paint (if needed) the final fractal
shape.
Listing: Fractal I
Lines 1-7 produce a Fractal Root System as the title card.
Lines 8-29 give instructions, drawing routine and final
painting in order. This time the basic shape is a spoked
figure and for aesthetic reasons the ratio of successive
radii is 3.3/N.
Listing: Fractal 2
Lines 1-8 give a Fractal Cornered Square.
Lines 12-25 will draw the closed polygons at the corners of
earlier ones. Here successive ratios are 3/(N+2) to keep
the shapes within the confines of the screen.
Lines 26-30 for freezing the picture.
Listing: Fractal 3
Lines 1-7 produce a Title Card of a Fractal Edged Square.
Lines 11-28 draw the polygons, which touch along their
sides this time. It is necessary to reposition the centers
in this operation and this is carried out at the end of
Lines 17, 20 and 24.
In all of these programs I have assumed that yourcompu-
ter is 16K ECB, which is why 1 have restricted the ranges of
N values in the dimensioned arrays. Those of you with
greater memory may like to relax these ranges. For instance,
in the first listing, 32K people can change Line 19 to having
N>12 and Line 22 to having N>6, etc. One last suggestion:
Try randomizing your fractals by varying the directions
arbitrarily in the several programs. For instance, changing
Line 16 in Fractal 0 to
16 FORI=lTON:E=(RND(99*N))/99:A(I)=128+R*COS
(2*PI*E/N): U(I)=96+R*S1N(2*P1*E/ N): CIRCLE
(A(1),U(1)),R*P1/N,1:NEXT1
and make similar changes to Lines 18, 21, 24. Do you think
that your final figure resembles a real map of a landscape?
Listing 0:
..01C1
18...
. . 046 F
END .
. . 0604
1 CLS:PRINT@3, "fractals 0 by r.
del bourgo" ; : PRINT8480, "15 willow
dene av, austral i a7005" $
2 FOR I *=0TO32STEP32 : FOR J =232T0247
: POKE 1 024+1 +J , 128: NEXTJ , I : FOR 1=0
TO 1 : FOR J - 1 34T0358STEP32 : POKE 1 024
+ I+J, 1 28 : POKE 1 042+ I +J, 128: NEXTJ,
I : FORI-0TO7: F0RJ-99T0387STEP288:
POKE 1 024+ 1 +J , 1 28 : POKE 1 042+ 1 + J , 12
8:NEXTJ, I
3 FOR I =0TO27STEP9 : FOR J=0TO64STEP
32 : POKE 1 090+ I + J , 1 28 : POKE 1 378+ I + J
, 128: NEXTJ, I
4 FOR I =33T035 : FOR J =0TO288STEP2B8
: FORK=0TO27STEP9: POKE1024+I+J+K,
1 40 : POKE 1 1 52+ 1 + J +K , 131 : NEXTK, J, I
5 FOR I =32T0 1 60STEP 1 28 : FOR J*0TO28
8STEP288: FORK=0TO27STEP9: POKE 102
4+I+J+K, 138: POKE 1028+ 1 +J+K, 133: N
EXTK, J , I
6 F0RJ=64T0352STEP288: FORK=0TO27
STEP9 : POKE 1 024+ J +K , 1 39 : POKE 1 028+
J+K, 1 35 : POKE 1 088+ J +K , 142:POKE109
CASSETTE CONTROLLER
Allows you to hear your cassettes without
unplugging cables. Switch knob between
AUTO and MANUAL positions * 25 °°
SERIAL SWITCHER
Switch your serial port between two or three
peripherals. 2 ■ Port s 25°° 3 -Port s 30 0 '
TOTALLY SOLDERLESS KITS
4K - 16K s 20°°
16K - 32K s 35°°
4K - 32K s 50°°
All memory upgrades come complete with 16K or 32K button,
easy-to-follow instructions, and 90-day unconditional warranty.
PILOT LIGHT- Includes 5 different colored lenses, and
simple instructions. Mounts in 5 minutes to top cover of your
computer. With Lifetime Warranty, only s 7 00
I.C.s
6809E CPU s 25“
6883 SAM s 25°
6847 VDG s 20°
6821 PIA s 8°
Full Set s 65°
CABLES
★ FREE ★
CATALOGUE
Direct Coax to TV-3'. 6'. 9', 12'. . MO 00
• Serial M to M s 7°°
Serial M to M, coiled - 5' s 7°°
• Serial Ext. M to F s 7°°
• Cass. Ext. M to F s 7°°
Cass. Ext., coiled - 5' s 7 00
• Joystick Ext. M to F s 7 00
•Prices shown are tor 6 teet.
Extra length, add 50 c per ft.
Terms: Cashiers checks and money orders for immediate
delivery • Personal checks allow 2 weeks • Orders under $25
add $2 shipping • C.O.D. add $2 • California residents add 6%
4418 E. Chapman, Suite 284
Orange, CA. 92669
VIDTRON
July 1983 the RAINBOW 29
2+J+K, 141 : NEXTK, J
7 PLAY ” L20O3CE6O4CD3GECP 1 "
8 P0KE65495, 0: CLS: PRINTS352, “ AF
TER THE DRAWING IS FINISHED YO
U WILL HEAR A SOUND. PRESS <P
> TO PAINT OUT SURROUNDS OR <C
> TO CONTINUE. PR I NT@0, " ENTER
MULTIPLICATION RATE OF CIRCLE
S (ANY INTEGER BETWEEN 4 AND
16) : INPUTN:PI=3. 14159265
9 I FN< 40RN > 1 6THEN8
1 0 PM0DE4 , 1 : SCREEN 1,1: PCLS
11 I FN< 1 0THENR=N*7
12 I FN >9ANDN< 1 2THENR=N*5
13 IFN>11THENR=70
14 CIRCLE <128, 96) ,R, 1
15 DIMA (N) , U (N)
16 FORI=lTON: A(I)=128+R*C0S(2*PI
*I/N) :U(I)=96+R*SIN(2*PI*I/N) :CI
RCLE(A(I) ,U(I) ) ,R*PI/N, 1: NEXTI
17 R=PI*R/N: DIMB (N*N) , V (N*N)
18 FORI=lTON*N: B ( I ) =A ( 1+INT ( I— 1 )
/N) +R*COS <2*PI*I/N) : V ( I ) =U ( 1 + INT
(1-1) /N)+R*SIN(2*PI*I/N> : CIRCLE (
B(I),V(I)>, R*PI /N, 1 : NEXT I
19 I FN >9THEN25
20 R=PI*R/N:DIMC(N*N*N> , W(N*N*N)
21 FOR 1=1 TON*N*N : C ( I ) =B ( 1 + I NT ( ( I
-1)/N) )+R*C0S(2*PI*I/N) :W(I)=V(1
Shifter
NEW
A talking “munch game” for 1 or 2 simul-
taneous players. Developed by MIT grad in
machine language for incredible performance —
at fastest speed, you can cross the screen in
about 1 second. Shifting maze adds surprises.
Players greet each other when meeting. Can
select computer as opponent for 1 player.
$ 20 .
Articulator I
Add speech to your programs or change dialog
in Shifter. Digitizes your voice from audio tape;
sound track may be put on tape as part of other
programs. Comes with Basic callable interface.
$ 20 .
Both available on cassette for 16 or 32K.Ext.
Basic not required. Sticks required for Shifter.
29 ENTERPRISES
1208 Country Ct. * Cary, NC 27511
+ INT ( (I-l)/N) )+R*SIN(2*PI*I/N) :C
IRCLE(C(I> ,W(I) ) ,R*PI/N, l'.NEXTI
22 IFN>4THEN25
23 R=PI*R/N: DIMD (256) : DIMX (256)
24 F0RI=1T0256:D(I)=C(1+INT( (1-1
)/4) )+R*C0S(PI*I/2) :X(I)=W( 1+INT
( (1-1) /4) )+R*SIN(PI*I/2> : CIRCLE (
D(I) , X ( I ) ) , R*PI /4, 1 : NEXT I
25 SOUND 100,1
26 I$=I NKE Y* : IFI$=" " THEN26
27 I F I ♦= " P " THENPA I NT < 253 , 96 > ,1,1
: PAINT (3, 96) , 1, 1 : SCREEN 1 , 0
28 I F I $= " C " THENRUN8
29 G0T026
19 03DF
END ...05B0
Listing 1:
1 CLS0: R=127+16*RND (8) :F0RI=15T0
495STEP32: POKE 1024+ 1 , R: NEXTI : FOR
I =257T0285 : POKE 1 024+ I , R: NEXTI : FO
RI=104TO1 18: POKE 1024+ I , R: P0KE134
4+1 , R: NEXTI : POKE 1 484, R: POKE 1490,
R
2 DATA44, 50, 105, 117, 172, 178, 197,
217,258, 264, 278, 284, 325, 345, 364,
370,425,437
3 FOR I = 1 TO 1 8 : READD : P0KE992+D , R : P
OKE 1023+D, R: POKE 1 024+D , R : POKE 1 02
5+D, R: POKE1056+D, R: NEXTI
4 PRINT02, "fractals 1 " ; : PRINT016
, "by"; :PRINT@19, "r . del bourgo" ; : P
RINTS480, "15, ) wi 1 lowdene av, aust
ral i a7005" ;
7 PLAY " L20O3CEGO4CO3GECP 1 "
8 P0KE65495 , 0 : CLS : PR I NTS352 , " AF
TER THE DRAWING IS FINISHED YO
U WILL HEAR A SOUND. PRESS <P
> TO PAINT OUT SURROUNDS OR <C
> TO CONTINUE. PR I NT@0, " ENTER
MULTIPLICATION RATE OF SPIKES
(ANY INTEGER BETWEEN 4 AND
16) : INPUTN:PI=3. 14159265
9 I FN< 40RN > 1 6THEN8
10 PM0DE4, l: SCREEN 1, l: PCLS: M=P I /
N
11 IFN< 10THENR=N*7
12 I FN >9ANDN< 1 2THENR=N*5
13 IFN>11THENR=70
15 DIMA (N) , U (N)
16 FOR I = 1 TON : A ( I ) = 1 28+R*C0S ( M+2*
PI*I /N) : U ( I ) =96+R*SIN (M+2*PI*I/N
) :LINE(128,96)-(A(I) ,U(I) ) ,PSET:
NEXTI
17 R=3. 3*R/N: DIMB (N*N) , V (N*N>
18 F0RI=1T0N*N:B<I)=A(1+INT(I-1)
/N) +R+COS (2*PI*I /N) : V ( I ) =U ( 1+INT
(1-1) /N)+R*SIN(2*PI*I/N) :LINE(B(
I) ,V(I) ) — (A ( 1+INT (I— 1)/N) , U ( 1+IN
T(I-l) /N) ) ,PSET: NEXTI
19 I FN > 1 0THEN25
30 the RAINBOW July 1983
TO REALIZE THE FULL POWER & PERFORMANCE OF THE 6809, LOOK TO GIMIX.
GIMIX OFFERS YOU A VARIETY OF SS50 BUS COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS.
OS-9 GMX ill
Tte GMX 5809 CPU Ul and Q&4 GMX UL A Multi-user, MulK-taskmg package fer-
the ultimate m System Performance plus protection of the system and other users
ton crashes caused by errors in individual users programs ^ m
#01 (CPU & Software) d fl=IYlP si698.01
WTEUISENT 1/0 PROCESSOR BOARDS increase system throughput by reducing
Interrupts to the host, buttering data transfers, and data preprocessing. Prices
include on board firmware. Requires system drivers.
#11.3 port RS232 Serial (SS30) ,^1T -iVl# S498.11
#12 4 port Parallell (SS50) S538.12
OS-9 GMXIII drivers . . (included when purchased with GMX III package) . . $200.00
OS-9 Level 2 users -- contact GIMIX for system requirements and avatebity.
192K GMX ill #79 SYSTEMS: All include GMX 6809 CPU III and OS-9 GMX ill
(#01); a #11 3 port Intelligent serial I/O & cables; #19 Classy Chassis; 192KB Static
RAM, #68 DMA controller, all necessary cables, power regulators, and filler plates.
The OS-9 Editor, Assembler, Debugger, BASIC-09, and RUNB are included.
#79 with dual 40 track DSDD drives
#79 with dual 80 track DSDD drives ^Hai#^* 6298 - 79
#79 with #88 8" Dual Drive Disk System ... $7598.79
* 7 *l with #90 19MB Winchester subsystem & one 80 track DSDD drive . $8998.79
UmfLEX for the GMX 6809 CPU III and Intelligent I/O boards is in deveiopement.
OS-9 GMX I; OS-9 GMX II; FLEX; and UniFLEX
The #05 GIMIX 6809 PLUS CPU board $578.05
Options: GMX DAT $35.00 SWTPC DAT $15.00
951 1 A $312.00 9512 $265.00
#49 64KB GHOST SYSTEM includes: #05 CPU; #19 Classy Chassis; 64KB static RAM: a #43 2
port serial card & cables: #68 DMA Controller; all necessary cables, power regulators, and filler
plates; GMXBUG monitor; FLEX; and OS-9 GMX I. You can software select either FLEX or
OS-9, The OS-9 Editor, Assembler, Debugger, BASIC-09, and RUNB are also included.
#49 with dual 40 track DSDD drives $4398.49
#49 with dual 80 track DSDD drives $4698.49
#49 with #88 8" Dual Drive Disk System $5998.49
#49 with #90 19MB Winchester subsystems & one 80 track DSDD drive $7398.49
#39 128KB SYSTEM includes: #05 CPUwDAT: #19 Classy Chassis; 128KB of static RAM; a
#43 2 port serial card & cables; #68 DMA Controller; all necessary cables, power regulators,
and filler plates; GMXBUG monitor; FLEX; and OS-9 GMX II. You can software select either
FLEX or OS-9. The OS-9 Editor, Assembler, Debugger, BASIC-09, and RUNB, and GMX-VDISK
for FLEX are included.
#39 with dual 40 track DSDD drives $4998.39
#39 with dual 80 track DSDD drives $5298.39
#39 with #88 8” Dual Drive Disk System $6598.39
#39 with #90 19MB Winchester subsystem & one 80 track DSDD drive $7998.39
UniFLEX, available at extra cost, requires 8’ ' or Winchester drives. A signed license agreement
with TSC is required before shipment.
You can add to any GIMIX system RAM, I/Os and other options, or
substitute non-volatile RAM. GIMIX will customize to your needs.
COMING SOON: Contact GIMIX tor price and availability on 40MB and 72MB Winchester
(5V) drives, removeable pack Winchesters, 256KB static RAM boards.
All GIMIX systems are guaranteed for 2MHz operation. GIMIX systems include documentation
for all boards and software in a GIMIX binder. ALL DRIVES ARE 100% TESTED AND ALIGNED
BY GIMIX.
ALL BOARDS AND SYSTEMS ARE ASSEMBLED, BURNED-IN, AND TESTED. GOLD-PLATED
BUS CONNECTORS ARE USED.
TO ORDER BY MAIL: SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER OR USE YOUR VISA OR MASTER CHARGE. Please
allow 3 weeks for personal checks to clear. U.S. orders add $5 handling if order is under $200.00. Foreign
orders add $10 handling If order Is under $200.00. Foreign orders over $200.00 will be shipped via Emery Air
Freight COLLECT, and we will charge no handling. All orders must be prepaid in U.S. funds. Please note that
foreign checks have been taking about 8 weeks tor collection so we would advise wiring money, or checks
drawn on a hank account in the U.S. Our bank is the Continental Illinois National Bank of Chicago. 231 S.
LaSalle Street. Chicago. IL 60693, account #73-32033. Visa or Master Charge also accepted.
EXTORT MODELS: ADD $30 FOR 50Hz. POWER SUPPUES.
GIMIX Inc. reserves the right to change pricing, terms, and product specifications at any time without
further notice.
ALL PRICES ARE F.O.B. CHICAGO
Choose from GIMIX’ wide variety of system components.
The GIMIX CLASSY CHASSIS #19 consists of a heavyweight aluminum cabinet, constanl
voltage ferro-resonant power supply, and SS50 Mother board with baud rate gen-
erator board $1398.19
Triple Disk regulator card and cables $88.22 Baud rate generator card $88.93
Missing cycle detector $38.23 Filler plates $14.92
Back panel connector plates (specify) . $8.60 50 Hz. option $30.00
MEMORIES (GIMIX uses only Static RAM)
#67 64KB NMOS STATIC RAM board $478.67
#64 64KB CMOS STATIC RAM board w/battery back-up $568.64
#34 8K PROM board $98.34
#32 16 socket PROM/ROM/RAM board $238.32
I/O Boards (see above for Intelligent I/Os)
#41 Single port serial, RS232/20ma. current loop $88.41
#43 2 port serial, RS232 $128.43
#46 8 port serial, RS232 $318.46
#42 2 port parallel $88.42
#45 8 port parallel $198.45
#50 serial, RS232, RS422, RS423 $244.50
#52 SSDA serial. RS232, RS422, RS423 $254.52
#54 ADLC serial, RS232, RS422, RS423 $268.54
Each cable with connectors for back panel mounting (specify board) $24.95
DISK CONTROLLERS
#68 DMA (featured in all systems above) $588.68
#28 dbl. dens, programmed I/O (5” drives only) $298.28
#58 single dens, programmed I/O (5” and/or 8’ 'drives) $226.58
#48 same as #58 but for 5" drives only $198.48
Cable sets: 8” with Back Panel connector $29.25
for two 8” external drives $44.26
for two 5” drives $34.96
SOFTWARE: GIMIX exclusive versions of 0S-9/GMX I, II, III & FLEX are lor GIMIX hardware
only. All versions of OS-9 require the #68 controller.
When ordered with any controller, FLEX is $30.00
GMXBUG PROMs and manual
Boot or Video boot PROM $30.00
OS-9 GMX I $200.00
Editor $125.00
BASIC-09 $200.00
$98.65
UNIFLEX boot PROM $50.00
OS-9 GMX II $500.00
Assembler $125.00
RUNB $100.00
DISK DRIVES FOR GIMIX SYSTEMS - complete with cables and power regulators.
5"' DSDD 40 track 2 for $900.00
5" DSDD 80 track 2 for $1300.00
#88” Dual 8” DSDD drives, cabinet, power supply, & cables $2698.88
Cabinet only $848.18 220V 50Hz. Option, add $30.00
Filler plate $14.83 Cable lor 2 drives $44.82
Cable for 4 drives $67.84 Cable for cabinet to mainframe $45.81
WINCHESTER SUBSYSTEMS: for use only in GIMIX systems with #68
DMA controller.
#90: includes one 19MB drive, interface, and Software $3588.90
#91 : includes two 19MB drives, interface and Software $5288.91
Contact GIMIX for price and availability of other forthcoming subsystems.
OTHER BOARDS
#76 GHOST 80X24 VIDEO BOARD
#66 50 pin Protoboards $56.66
#03 6800 CPU
#06 6800 CPU with timers $288.06
$398.76
#33 30 pin Protoboards $38.33
$224.03
Baud rate option, add $30.00
#08 RELAY DRIVER (board, bracket, transformer, and 31 relays) $ 3.03
#86 - #08 (board, bracket, transformer, without relays) $ r ,.i *
#85 OPTO board 8.85
WINDRUSH EPROM PROGRAMMER ,.>75.00
3" Binder 12.00 2" Binder $9.00
GIMIX DOES NOT GUARANTEE PERFORMANCE OF ANY GIMIX SYSTEMS, BOARDS OR SOFT-
WARE WHEN USED WITH OTHER MANUFACTURERS PRODUCT.
DON'T SEE IT??? ASK! OUR BROCHURE HAS MORE COMPLETE DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECS.
PHONE OR WRITE TODAY FOR YOUR COPY.
BASIC-09 and OS-9 are trademarks ot Mcrtnvare Systems Cocp and MOTOROLA. Inc. FLEX and UniFLEX are trademarks d
Techncal Systems Consultants. Inc. GIMIX. GHOST. GMX. CLASSY CHASSIS, are trademarks ot GIMIX. Inc.
I IRC. 1337 WEST 37th PLACE • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60609
■■111 I ||#V (312)927-5510 • TWX 910-221 -4055
20 R=3. 3*R/N: DIMC <N*N*N) , W <N*N*N
)
21 F0RI=1T0N*N*N: C ( I ) =B < 1 + INT ( ( I
-1)/N) ) +R*C0S(M+2*PI*T/N) : W ( I ) =V
( 1 + 1 NT <<I— 1)/N>) +R*S I N < M+2*P 1*1/
N) :LINE(C(I) , W(I) )- <B( 1+INT (1-1)
/N) , V < 1 + INT < 1-1 ) /N) > ,pset:nexti
22 IFN>5THEN25
23 R=3.3*R/N:DIMD(N*N*N*N) :DIMX (
N*N*N*N)
24 F0RI=1T0N*N*N*N:D<I)=C<1+INT<
(I-l)/N) )+R*C0S<2*PI*I/N) :X<I)=W
< 1+INT ( (1-1) /N) )+R*SIN(2*PI*I/N)
:LINE(D(I) , X (I) >- <C < 1+INT (1-1) /N
) ,W< 1+INT < 1-1 ) /N) ) ,PSET:NEXTI
25 SOUND 100, 1
26 I$=I NKE Y* : IFI$=" " THEN26
27 I F 1 $= " P " THENP A I NT ( 253 , 96 )
: PAINT (3, 96) , 1, 1:SCREEN1,0
28 I F I $= " C " THENRUN8
29 G0T026
1,1
Listing 2:
. . 0306
20 ... .
. . 0609
END .
. . 078B
1 CLS0 : R= 1 27+ 1 6*RND ( 8 ) : FOR I =0TO6
: FOR J=0TO480STEP32 : POKE 1 024+ I + J ,
R : POKE 1 049+ 1 + J , R : NEX T J , I : FOR I =7T
024 : FOR J=0TO32STEP32 : POKE 1 024+1 +
J,R:P0KE1472+I+J,R: NEXTJ, I
COLOR
COMPUTER
Buyers Club
• Members enjoy a 30 - 40% savings on software!
• More being added monthly!
• Hardware & accessories at substantial savings!
• Monthly specials and reviews!
• Special orders service for members!
• No service charge for VISA or MC!
• Your savings can far exceed your dues!
Join Today And Start Saving!
Dues are $22.50 - We accept
Personal Checks, M.O. or Charge It! SHE
ADDRESS
CITY STATE ZIP
□ VISA □ MC Exp. Date #
Mail to:
Color Computer Buyers Club
P.O. Box 241
Eaton Rapids, Ml 48827
NAME
2 FOR I =0TO5 : FOR J=0TO32STEP32 : POK
El 101+I+J,R:POKE1421+I+J,R: NEXTJ
, I : FORI=0TO1 : FOR J =0TQ96STEP32 : PO
KE 1 224+ I + J , R : POKE 1 238+1 + J , R : NEXT
J,I
3 DATA4, 10, 16,22, 132, 150,260,278
,388,394,400,406
4 FORI=1TO12:READD:POKE1024+D,R-
1 : POKE 1 025+D , R-3 : POKE 1 026+D , R-2 :
POKE 1 027+D , R- 1 : POKE 1 028+D , R-3 : PO
KE 1 029+D , R-2 : POKE 1 056+D , R-4 : POKE
1 057 +D , R- 1 3 : POKE 1 058+D ,128: POKE 1
059+D ,128: POKE 1 060+D , R- 1 4 : POKE 1 0
61+D, R— 8
5 POKE 1 088+D , R- 1 : POKE 1 089+D , R-7 :
POKE1090+D, 1 28 : POKE 1 09 1 +D , 128: PO
KE 1 092+D , R- 1 1 : POKE 1 093+D , R-2 : POK
Ell 20+D , R-4 : POKE 1 1 2 1 +D , R- 1 2 : POKE
1 1 22+D , R— 8 : POKE 1 1 23+D , R-4 : POKE 1 1
24+D, R-12: POKE1 125+D, R-8: NEXTI
6 FOR J =0TO6 : FORK=0TO96STEP32 : POK
E1095+J+K, 128: POKE 11 07+ J+K, 128: P
0KE1351+J+K, 128: POKE 1363+ J+K, 128
: NEXTK, J
7 PRINTQ203, "fractals 2";:PRINT@
239, "by"; :PRINT@267, "r.delbourgo
"; :PRINT@328, "15,willowdene av";
:PRINT0360, "austral i a 7005";:
8 PLAY " O3L20CEBO4CO3GECP 1 " : P0KE6
5495,0
9 CLS : PR I NT0352 , " WHEN YOU THE F
RACTALS ARE ALL DRAWN YOU WILL
HEAR A SOUND. PRESS <P> TO P
A I NT OUT THE SURROUNDS OR <
C> TO CONTINUE. "
10 PRINT00," ENTER THE NUMBER OF
SIDES OF THE FRACTAL POLYGON
(3 - 8) ";: INPUTN:PI=3. 14159265
11 I FN >80RN< 3THEN 1 0
12 R= ( N+4 ) *5 . 6 : PM0DE4 , 1 : SCREEN 1 ,
1 : PCLS
13 DIMA (N) ,U(N>
14 FORJ=lTON: A(J)=128+R*C0S(2*PI
*J/N) :U(J)=96+R*SIN(2*PI*J/N) :NE
XTJ
15 FORJ=lTON:LINE(A(J) ,U(J) )-(A(
J+l— N*INT (J/N) ) , U(J+1— N*INT (J/N)
) ) ,PSET:NEXTJ
16 R=3*R/ <N+2) :DIMB<N*N) , V(N*N)
17 FORI=lTON:FORJ=lTON:B(J+(I-l)
*N) =A ( I ) +R*COS (2*PI*J/N) : V< J+ (I-
1 > *N) =U < I ) +R*SIN <2*PI*J/N> : NEXTJ
is forj=iton:k=j+(I-d*n:line<b<
K) , V (K> ) — (B (K+l-N+INT < J/N) ) , V(K+
1-N*INT (J/N) ) > ,PSET: NEXTJ, I
19 R=3*R/ (N+2) : DIMC <N*N*N) , W (N*N
*N)
20 fori=iton*n:forj=iton:c(j+<i-
1 ) *N) =B < I ) +R*COS <2*PI*J/N) : W ( J+ (
1-1 ) *N) =V ( I ) +R*SIN <2*PI*J/N) : NEX
32 the RAINBOW July 1983
CoCo HEADQUARTERS
Looking to unlock the capacity of your Color Computer?
Search no more
TOLL FREE
1 - 800 - 251-5008
SPECIALS
DELKIR
mss
Extended Basic
$
89
.00
Super Pro Keyboard Kit
$
69.95
32/64k Upgrade
$
69
.00
26-3004 Color Computer 16k
$
179.00
16k Upgrade
$
25
. 00
26-3002 Extended 16k CoCo
$
269.00
R/S Disk Controller
$189
.00
26-3003 32k Extended CoCo
S
379.00
1.1 Basic ROM
$
27
.00
26-3003(d) 32/ 6 4k Ext. CoCo
$
349.00
Amdek Disk Drives
$
Call! 26-1192 CGP-115 Printer
ACCESSORIES
$
179.00
Hayes SM1200 Modem
$
599.00
26-1208 CCR-8L
$
52.00
USR AL 2 1 2 (300/ 1200)
$
495.00
26-3008 Joysticks
$
22.00
Hayes SM 300 Modem
$
239.00
Kraft Joystick
$
49.95
R/S D.C. Modem 2
$
215.00
Wico Track Ball
$
59.95
USR A L 3 0 0
$
199.00
Wico Joystick
$
29.00
R/S D.C. Modem 1
$
129.00
Wico Adapter
$
19.95
Hayes/USR Cable
$
19.00
Verbat im Disks
s
2 7.95
26-3020 Cable
$
5.25
E 1 e phan t Disks
$
25.00
Telewriter 64 $ 59
Telewriter 64 $ 49
Zaxxon by Sega $ 34
The King by Tom Mix $ 26
The Frog by Tom Mix S 27
Trapfall by Tom Mix $ 27
The Bar Zapper $ 15
SOFTWARE
. 95(Disk)
,95(Cass)
, 95 (C or' D)
,95(Ca9s)
, 95 (Cass)
9 5 ( Cas s )
95 (Cass )
Space Shutt le
Colorpede
Mark Data Adventures $ 24
Ghost Gobbler $ 19
MS I DATABASE $ 39
MSI Color Finance $59
The Graph Zapper $15
$ 28.95
$ 29.95
95
95
, 95
95
95
(Cass)
(Cass)
( Cas s )
(Cass)
(Disk)
(Disk)
(Cass)
**** All TRS-80 Software 13% off list *****
Others include -
Mark Data, Tom Mix,
TOLL FREE
TENNESSEE
1 - 800 - 545-2502
All of the above units covered by our 120
day carry in warranty, (d) denotes "Delker"
(200ns) memory guaranteed for 1 year.
TRS-80 Trademark Tandy Corporation.
Prices subject to change without notice.
Sale prices good through June 30, 1983.
Write for our FREE newsletter!
Spectral Associates, Anteco, Prickly Pear,
Botek Instruments, Intracolor Communications
Sugar Software, Cognitec,
and many more!
TOLL FREE
1 - 800 - 251-5008
(DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME)
DELKER ELECTRONICS, INC.
P.O. BOX 897
DEPT D
SMYRNA, TN 37167
800-251-5008
615-459-2636 (TENNESSEE)
TJ
21 F0RJ=1T0N:K=J+(I-1)*N:LINE(C(
K),W(K))-(C (K+1-N*INT (J/N) > ,W(K+
1— N*INT ( J/N) ) ) ,PSET: NEXTJ, I
22 IFN>4THEN26
23 R=3*R/ (N+2) : DIMD <N*N*N*N) , X (N
*N*N*N)
24 fori=iton*n*n:forj=iton:d(j+<
1-1 ) *N) =C ( I ) +R*COS (2*PI*J/N) : X ( J
+ ( 1-1 ) *N) =W ( I > +R*SIN (2*PI*J/N) : N
EXTJ
25 F0RJ=1T0N:K=J+(I-1)*N:LINE(D(
K) , X (K) ) - (D (K+1-N*INT (J/N) ) , X (K+
1-N*INT(J/N) ) ) ,PSET: NEXTJ, I
26 SOUND 100, 1
27 I$=I NKE Y* : IFI$=" " THEN27
28 IFI$= ,, P"THENPAINT (253, 96) , 1 , 1
: SCREEN 1,0
29 I F I $= " C " THENRUN9
30 G0T027
21 0680
END ...08EA
Listing 3:
1 R=RND (8) :CLSR:FORJ=0TOll:FORK=
0TO224STEP32 : POKE 1 1 62+ J +K , 1 28 : NE
XTK, J : DATA16, 132,278,394
2 F0RI=1T04: READD: FORJ=0TO5: FORK
=0TO96STEP32: POKE 1 024+ J+K+D, 128:
NEXTK, J, I : DAT A 1 3 , 7 1 , 86 , 129,217,2
wild party
A naughty, sexy computer game
for 2 to 6 couples.
Game varies
every time you play.
Your parties will be
the hit of your neighborhood.
All prompts from TV screen,
no need to read
complicated instructions.
On cassette tape.
For 16K Color Computer.
Extended BASIC not required.
$35-00 incl postage.
(PA resid add $2.10)
Send check to P.0. Box 210,
Jenkintown, PA 1 9046
60, 348, 391 , 406, 464
3 F0RI=5T014: READD: FQRJ=0TO2: FOR
K=0TO32STEP32 : POKE 1 024+ J +K+D , 1 28
: NEXTK, J, I : DATA1 1 , 40, 55, 69, 98, 18
6,215, 258,317, 360, 389, 404,433
4 FOR I = 1 5T027 : RE ADD : POKE 1 024+D , 1
22+ 1 6*R : POKE 1 025+D , 1 28 : NEXT I : POK
El 152, 1 28 : POKE 1 407 , 128
5 DATA77, 106, 121, 150, 193,252,295
, 324, 412, 441 , 455, 470, 499: F0RI=28
TO40 : RE ADD : POKE 1 024+D ,128: POKE 1 0
25+D, 1 17+16*R: NEXTI
6 PRINTS203, "fractals 3";:PRINT@
239, "by"; :PRINT@267, "r.delbourgo
:PRINT@299, " 15, wi 1 1 owdene av";
:PRINT@331, "austral i a 7005";
7 PLAY " O3L20CEGO4CO3BECP 1 " : P0KE6
5495,0
8 CLS:PRINT@352, " WHEN THE FRACT
ALS ARE DRAWN A SOUND WILL BE
HEARD. PRESS <P> TO PAINT OUT S
URROUNDS OR <C> TO CONTINUE."
9 PRINT00, " ENTER THE NUMBER OF
SIDES OF THE FRACTAL POLYGON
(3 - 8 ) " ; : I NPUTN : P I =3 .141 59265 : M
=2/N
10 I FN >8QRN< 3THEN9
11 R= (N+4) *5 : PM0DE4, l: SCREEN 1, l:
PCLS
12 DIMA(N) , U (N)
13 F0RJ=1T0N: A(J)=128+R*C0S(2*PI
*J/N) :U(J)=96+R*SIN(2*PI*J/N) : NE
XTJ
14 F0RJ=1T0N: LINE (A(J> ,U(J) ) — <A(
J+1-N*INT(J/N> ) , U ( J+1-N*INT (J/N)
) ) ,pset:nextj:forj=iton: A(J)=A(J
) +M*R*COS (2* ( J + l ) *PI /N) : U ( J ) =U ( J
) +M*R*SIN (2* ( J+l ) *PI /N) : NEXTJ
15 R=M*R:DIMB(N*N) , V(N*N)
16 F0RI=1T0N:F0RJ=1T0N:B(J+(I-1)
*N)=A(I)+R*C0S(2*PI*(J+2) /N+PI ) :
V(J+(I-1)*N)=U(I)+R*SIN(2*PI*(J+
2) /N+PI) : NEXTJ
17 forj=iton:k=j+(I-1)*n:line(B(
K) , V (K) ) - (B (K+1-N*INT (J/N) ) , V(K+
1-N+INT (J/N) ) ) ,PSET: NEXTJ: FORJ=l
TON: K=J+ ( 1-1 ) *N: B (K) =B (K) +M*R*CO
S (2* ( J+3) *PI /N+PI ) : V (K) =V (K) +M*R
*SIN(2+(J+3)*PI/N+PI) : NEXTJ, I
18 R=M*R:DIMC(N*N*N) ,W(N*N*N)
19 F0RI=1T0N*N:F0RJ=1T0N:C(J+(I-
1 ) *N) =B ( I ) +R+COS (2+PI* ( J+2) /N+PI
*2/N) : W(J+(I-1)*N)=V(I>+R*SIN(2*
P I * ( J +2 ) /N+PI+2/N) :NEXTJ
20 F0RJ=1T0N:K=J+(I-1)*N:LINE(C(
K> , W (K) ) - (C (K+1-N*INT (J/N) ) ,W(K+
1— N*INT (J/N) ) ) ,PSET: NEXTJ :FORJ=l
ton: k=j+ ( i-i ) * n: c (K) =c (K) +m*r*co
S(2*(J+4)*PI/N) : W(K)=W(K>+M*R*SI
N(2*(J+4)*PI/N> : NEXTJ, I
34 the RAINBOW July 1983
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Get Your Very Own Pot O’ Gold!
Here’s your chance to have a Pol O' Gold full of programs, articles and information about C 0 C 0
every month of the year! A subscription to the Rainbow is only $22 and you won't miss a single
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It’s called the premier Color Computer magazine for
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happy CoCo ever had! Is there any wonder we get
letters daily which praise the Rainbow, the magazine
one reader calls A Pot Of Gold" for his Color
Computer?
The Rainbow features more programs, more
information and more in-depth treatment of the TRS-
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than anyone else.
Each monthly issue is well over 200 pages and
contains more than two dozen programs and 30 or
more product reviews. And advertisments: the
Rainbow is known as the medium for advertisers —
which means it has a wealth of information about new
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But what makes the Rainbow is its people. People
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BASIC going. Or Dennis Lewandowski, who has that
certain knack of explaining assembly language to
beginners. And award-winning Steve Blyn, the
Rainbow’s main educational columnist. These people,
and others, visit you monthly through columns
available only in the Rainbow.
Special programs on using Spectaculator. An
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Scoreboard of arcade games. A column on
educationally-oriented LOGO. The world’s first four-
color computer magazine centerfold! And much,
much more.
Join the thousands who have found the Rainbow to
be the absolute necessity for their CoCo. With all this
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We’re willing to bet that, a year from now. you’tt be
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the Rainbow
9529 U.S. Highway 42
P.O. Box 209
Prospect, KY 40059
I
21 IFN>4THEN29
22 R=M*R:DIMD<N*N*N*N> , X <N*N*N*N
)
23 FORI=lTON*N*N:FORJ=lTON:D(J+<
1-1 ) *N> =C ( I ) +R*COS <2*PI*J/N+PI ) :
X ( J + ( 1-1 > *N) =W ( I ) +R*SIN <2*PI*J/N
+PI) :NEXTJ
24 F0RJ=1T0N:K=J+(I-1)*N:LINE(D<
K> , X (K> >-<D(K-H-N*INT(J/N> ) , X(K+
1-N*INT(J/N> ) > ,pset:nextj:forj=i
ton: k=j+ ( i-i ) *n: d <k> =d (k> +m*r*co
S(2*(J-4)*PI/N+PI/N> : X <K) =X <K) +1*
*R*SIN (2* ( J— 4 ) *PI /N+PI /N> : NEXTJ ,
I
25 IFN>3THEN29
26 R=M*R : D I ME ( N*N*N*N*N ) , Y < N*N*N
*N*N)
27 fori=iton*n*n*n:forj=iton:e<j
+ < 1-1 ) *N) =D ( I ) +R*COS (2*PI* ( J+3) /
N) : Y(J+(I-1)*N)=X(I)+R*SIN(2*PI*
(J+3) /N) :NEXTJ
28 FORJ=lTON:K=J+(I-l)*N:LINE(E(
K) , Y (K) ) — (E (K+1-N*INT ( J/N) ) , Y(K+
1 -N*INT < J/N) ) > ,PSET:NEXTJ, I
29 SOUND 100,1
30 I *= I NKE Y* : I F I *= " " THEN30
31 I F I $= " P " THENPA I NT (253,96) ,1,1
: SCREEN 1,0
32 I F I $= " C " THENRUN8
33 GOTO30 ^
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Works with color and monochrome monitors
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Works with every motherboard version!
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[UTERWARE ®
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$24.95
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L
HAPPY ANNIVERSARY, RAINBOW!!
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M. J. FREEMAN
\
STANDARD BASIC
BEAR BONES SOFTWARE
Suite 108
G-3117 Corunna Road
Flint. Michigan 48504
SOOOPER PAC - BEAR BONES SOFTWARE- SOOOPER PAC - BEAR BONES
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 35
CoCo COUNSEL
S
RAINBOW CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
I ndependent software authors face a bewildering
assortment of problems in trying to present software to
the software house for marketing, or should 1 say, the
software industry faces these problems. The problems are
latent, and many authors, and perhaps even software
houses, are often not aware of them.
The problems arise from the ever-present potential for
one person to misappropriate the ideas or programs of
another, or for an author to perceive that a software house
has stolen the author's programs or ideas. There’s always the
reality that it is much easier to just steal someone’s source
code, slightly modify it, and then publish it as a “different"
program without giving the author credit than it would be to
independently develop the software. It must be said here
that any company that did this would not last long in the
industry. On the other hand, since software houses are con-
tinually developing their own software, misunderstandings
can easily arise if a company later markets a piece of soft-
ware with a similar theme to that submitted by an independ-
ent author at some earlier data.
This tremendous potential for actual rip-offs or perceived
rip-offs cries for a solution to clarify the relationship which
will be entered into between the author and the software
house. Both sides have legitimate interests which must be
dealt with before any software is sent or received. Honest
authors and software houses have no desire or intent to
cheat one another, but both sides also have legitimate fears
that they may be cheated or subjected to a frivolous lawsuit.
To the rescue the software submission agreement.
Software submission agreements are universally used in
industries which market products based on “intellectual
property” such as software. The underlying purpose of the
agreement is to inform the author that submitted software
will not be held in confidence, but the author will have all
protection afforded by the copyright laws. As an example of
one of these agreements 1 will present here the core language
(Tom Nelson is a Special Assistant Attorney General
for the State of Minnesota representing various state
agencies, and a consultant to Nelson Software
Systems. He has written almost all the manuals for the
programs in the Super “Color" Library.)
of the software submission agreement used by a well-known
company. This agreement is representative of agreements
used by many companies.
This submission agreement is in the form of a letter. It is
sent in response to inquiries about submitting software, or in
response to software submitted without first having in-
quired in advance about the company’s policies. The agree-
ment first indicates that this agreement must form the basis
for any submission. It then introduces the company and its
policies toward outside submissions, and the need for a
submission agreement. The remainder of the agreement is
36 the RAINBOW July 1983
One Stop Shopping For The Color Computer.
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We are a stocking dealer for most manufacturers of software, including:
Aardvark
Eigen Systems
Rainbow Connection
Armadillo
M & S Software
Southern Software
Cog ni tec
Mark Data
Sugar Software
Computer Island
Micro Tech. Products
Superior Graphics
Computerware
Moreton Bay
Tom Mix
Custom Software
Nelson Systems
York 10
DSL
Platinum Software
Data Soft
Prickly Pear
— DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
—
Please include phone number with all orders. Also add $5.00 S/H for all printer and computer orders
$2.00 for all software orders. Ohio residents please add 6% state sales tax.
1 -800-242-COCO
(OUTSIDE OHIO)
REITl
COMPUTERS & ELECTRONICS
3170 W. Central Avenue
Westgate Meadows Shopping Center
Toledo, OH 43606
'AMERICAN!
■express
PHONE (419) 537-1432 (IN OHIO)
11 a.m. to9 p.m. EST
devoted to the terms for submissions. Many companies will
discuss royalty arrangements and their general philosophy
of marketing software as well. The operative language of the
agreement is, of course, the most important. The following
terms are exemplary:
In order to protect both your rights and the rights of
the company we will retain your submission in the
Legal Department files, and we will consider your
submission only upon the following conditions:
1) All sketches, drawings and written disclosures
must be submitted by way of copy only, and the com-
pany shall have the right to retain such copies in its
files. These copies may not be returned to the sub-
mittor.
2) The company shall have the right to consult others
as to the value of and interest in ideas and disclosures
submitted to it by the outside person. The company
shall only consult others when, in its sole judgment, it
deems it necessary and desirable for all parties in-
volved. The company shall not be placed under any
obligation whatever to the submittor as a result of
having consulted or disclosed submitted ideas to oth-
ers in an attempt to evaluate the idea and disclosures,
and to determine the commercial interest in such ideas.
3) If the company should decide not to adopt an idea
or disclosure, it is understood that the company is not
required to divulge any reason for not adopting the
idea or disclosure, it being understood that in doing so,
the company may be placed in a position of a prema-
ture disclosure of its future plans.
4) It is understood that the submittor shall retain all
rights and remedies afforded him by the patent and
copyright laws of the United States, and that in no
event shall the company have any obligation to the
submittor for the unauthorized use or disclosure to
others of any disclosure, whether or not patented or
the subject matter of copyright or trademark pro-
tection, which the submittor may make, except spe-
cifically those obligations imposed upon the company
and its subsidiaries by either the patent laws of the
United States through the grant of a valid patent in
which the claims thereof have covered the idea sub-
mitted or the copyright laws of the United States
through the grant of a valid copyright registration on
the material submitted. Further, the submittor hereby
warrants and represents that the idea submitted by
him is wholly original with him, and that there are no
other persons, firms, or organizations made a party to
this understanding that have any interests or rights in
the submitted idea or disclosures that may in any way
affect the company. The submittor further agrees that
any subsequent submissions or supplements to the
submission made hereinbefore shall be subject to the
terms and conditions of this agreement.
5) The mere receipt of a submitted idea, whether
solicited or unsolicited, by the company, and whether
relating to a patentable subject matter, copyright, or
trademark shall not imply any contractual obligation
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MASTERCARD/VISA WELCOME
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NEW 5 DAY SHIPPING
SCHEDULES (IF STOCKED)
** FACTORY AUTHORIZED PRINTER
REPAIR- EPSON .OKIDATA, TRANSTAR
*** TEAC Thinline 40 TRK DRIVES
*** TANDON DS/DD 40 TRK DRIVES
***C0MP0SITE VIDEO CIRCUIT
***MEM0RY UPGRADES D-E-F BOARDS
1 YEAR WARRANTY
16K COLOR BASIC $ 179
16K EXTENDED COLOR BASIC $269
32/64K EXTENDED COLOR BASIC $369
40 TRK SS/DD
w / RS DISK CONTROLLER
DOS MANUAL Included!
EMERALD COMPUTER SERVICES
4401 219th SW
MOUNTLAKE TERRACE, WASH. 98043
206 - 778-9826
ALSO PRESENTING:
MORROW OE5IGN5
MICRO DECISION
38 the RAINBOW July 1983
whatever on the part of the company except as to the
obligation of the company to evaluate the idea in a
manner it deems best and to determine its interest in
any valid patent, copyright, or trademark right thereun-
der.
6) All disclosures, whether solicited or unsolicited,
submitted by. outsiders and any supplements thereto
must be in writing. The officers, agents, and employees
of the company may not make any oral commitments
of the company with respect to any disclosures. If any
statements are made by the officers, agents, or em-
“The problems arise from the ever-
present potential for one person to
misappropriate the ideas or programs
of another, or for an author to perceive
that a software house has stolen the
author’s programs or ideas. ”
ployees of the company to a submittor which the sub-
mittor intends to rely upon, the submittor shall submit
a record thereof, in writing, immediately to the com-
pany. Failure to furnish a supporting statement will
have the effect of invalidating any oral conversation.
7) If the subject matter offered to the company is
know-how, trade secrets, a proposed trademark, adver-
tising slogan, merchandising plan, business idea,
whether or not in use or generally known, or whether
or not susceptible to trademark or copyright protec-
tion, the company will examine it only under the terms
set forth in this agreement.
As you can see, these clauses cover rather completely the
potential problems and concerns relating to the submission
of software. The first clause gives the company the right to
retain submitted copies. This is to protect the company
against any future claims by giving it evidence of exactly
what was submitted. The second clause gives the company
the right to consult with experts and people outside of the
company to determine the marketability of the submission.
This allows the company to fairly and completely assess the
value of the submission before it risks the substantial capital
investment which must be made regarding the new product.
The third clause makes it clear that the company does not
have to give a reason for its rejection of the submission. This
is necessary since otherwise it may be forced to announce its
future plans, a highly guarded and valuable trade secret. The
forth clause provides the limitation on the submittor’s
remedies. It is a disclaimer of liability for unauthorized
disclosure of the submitted idea with express recognition of
any rights the submittor may have under copyright or patent
law. The clause also contains a statement by the submittor
that he or she is the sole owner of the submission. This
protects the company against claims of others that the sub-
MONITOR (TV)
STANDS
for 19" TV
$25.50 TS-1 15W x 1 1 D x 4H
$35.50 TS-4 24W x 11D x 4H
for printers
$19.95 PS-1 15W x 11D x 4H
$22.50 PS-2 same as above with
slot for bottom feed
printers
Please send me the following stands:
Cat # Quan. Color Price
• ventilator holes
• slot for ROM pack
Colors available: ivory, smoked gray
deduct $1. 00/stand for clear
1 Year guarantee on plastic and workmanship.
Stand may be returned within 30 days for refund if not satisfied.
Shipping
IL Residents Add 6%
Total
Name
_n_nJ
Howard Medical Company
inr^
Box 2 Chicago, Illinois 60690
(312) 994-2444
Address _
City/State
Zip
We pay shipping on pre-paid orders
July 1983 the RAINBOW
39
mittor stole their idea and is trying to sell it. The clause
further binds the submittor to the terms of the agreement for
any future submissions or supplements. This provision helps
avoid excessive paperwork, and recognizes an ongoing
relationship.
The fifth clause is important. It makes it clear that the
company is only agreeing to review the submission, not to
market the submission. The clause helps to avoid misunder-
standings. The sixth clause is an attempt to avoid unnec-
essary disputes arising from any telephone calls or the like. It
merely requires that anything to be a part of the final agree-
ment must be in writing, and any oral agreements must be
made a part of the agreement or be considered waived. The
careful author will be sure to write down the nature of any
telephone conversation and compare it with the terms of any
future written contract. The final clause reinforces the fact
that the submission will be considered only under the terms
set out in the agreement.
Okay, now you’ve seen a sample agreement, so how
should you handle your submissions? First, do not just send
in your program to a software house without first contacting
them. Give them a call in advance. They should be willing to
tell you the general terms of any future agreement, and also
whether they are even interested in evaluating your pro-
gram. You can also tell a lot by just bantering with them for
a while. You can save a lot of valuable time by finding out in
advance whether the company will even consider marketing
your program. In fact, I would recommend that you call
companies even before you begin developing your program
so that you do not spend a lot of time developing a program
another "defenders" game! Brilliant
graphics show wide angle & close-up views of the
city you protect. You must save your people from
attacking space creatures who try to capture them.
Your ship has forward & reverse thrusters, long range
phasers & quick manueverability. Nerble Force
requires only one joystick & you'll learn a whole new
style of joystick control. Several levels of play!
cassette s 24 95 disk s 29 95 add s 2°° shipping
COMPUTERWARE
Box 668 • Encinitas, CA 92024
Dealer Inquiries Invited (619) 436-3512
only to later learn that no one wants it or that it is acceptable
only with significant modifications. If you develop a good
working relationship early, you can make maximum use of
the company’s rich marketing experience.
If the company is interested, ask for a copy of their
submission agreement, and also feel free to ask to see a
“The underlying purpose of the agree-
ment is to inform the author that sub-
mitted software will not be held in con-
fidence, but the author will have all
protection afforded by the copyright
laws ...”
sample contract. When you receive the submission agree-
ment, sign it and send it together with your program. Com-
panies differ in the form in which they wish to see your
program. I feel it is inadvisable to submit any source code
before you have a signed agreement to market your soft-
ware. Any competent company can evaluate your program
from a copy of the object code alone. Of course, this does not
apply to those submitting BASIC programs.
Some companies will also require that you give them an
option to market your software. Signing such an option
agreement will give the company an irrevocable right to
market your software if they exercise the right within a given
time period, say 30 days. This agreement will supply all the
terms of the marketing agreement, and must be read care-
fully. Option agreements will be discussed more fully in a
later column.
Once you have submitted your software, the waiting game
begins. If you are not under an option agreement, be sure to
check back with the company after a reasonable period of
time, say 30 to 60 days. By the way, it is not good practice to
submit software simultaneously to more than one company.
If either finds out about the other, and they usually ask you,
neither will be happy, and probably will reject your program
out-of-hand.
With the submission agreement the relationships are
clearly set out. Doubt should no longer be present. Now you
are ready to advance to the next step of the process of getting
your software marketed. Let’s assume your program is
accepted. Now it’s time to get down to contract negotiations.
My next column will discuss contract fundamentals to pre-
pare you for the process of negotiating a contract. Until
then, good luck with your submissions.
(The information given in this article is not legal
advice. If you have legal questions you should
see competent legal counsel.)
^
40 the RAINBOW July 1983
COLOR AMDISK-III
COMPATIBLE.
The AMDISK-III micro-floppy disk system is an engi-
neering breakthrough in disk size, storage capacity,
media protection and user convenience. It’s fully com-
patible with your Radio Shack * (,) Color Computer. En-
joy a full 624 KBytef (formatted) storage capability
and the extra convenience of the new 3 " hard plastic
encased diskettes. They fit into a shirt pocket and are
easy to mail, too.
The AMDISK-III drive system is ruggedly constructed
for years of trouble-free operation, and is backed with
our 90 day warranty on parts and labor.
Just circle the reader service number to receive com-
plete specifications.
* Radio Shack is a registered trademark of Tandy Corporation,
t Requires recording on both sides
DEALER INQUIRIES
luuiTcn
IN VI 1 bU
2201 Lively Blvd. • Elk Grove Village, IL 60007
(312)364-1180 TLX: 25-4786
REGIONAL OFFICES: Calif. (714) 662-3949
Amdek . . . your guide to innovative computing!
CORR
Texas (81 7) 498-2334
Software Review
Home Money Manager
Good Transaction Tracker
Home Money Manager (H.M.M.) is a disk based check-
book program that will keep track of all transactions asso-
ciated with your checkbook. It is written in BASIC and will
run on a 16K system with a printer. H.M.M. is a “menu”
driven program that will keep track of your checks, deposits,
automatic transfers, bank charges, etc. To begin using the
program you first create a new check file. The CoCo will ask
you for a starting balance and let you name up to 26
accounts. Now you are ready to start entering information
from your check register. The CoCo will ask for five pieces
of information: check number, date, paid to, amount, and
account number. As you enter each transaction, CoCo
computes your current balance and displays it on the screen.
Data entries are easy to change if you make a mistake.
H.M.M. has one feature I really like. Let’s say you pur-
chased three different items (gasoline, clothes, and curtains)
last month with a credit card. Now of course you pay this bill
with only one check, but if you are trying to run a budget you
would want the total amount broken down and charged to
three different accounts. H.M.M. will allow you to distri-
bute the appropriate amount to each account by re-entering
the same check number for each account.
Once you have entered your monthly data, H.M.M. will
allow you to go back and view any entries you want on the
screen. At this point you can delete or edit records as neces-
sary. Two other features probably would not be used often,
but nevertheless are useful. The first is the ability to change
account names originally specified when creating the file.
The other feature allows you to change the current balance.
You may need this if, for instance, you transposed numbers
when entering a check or deposit, or do not wish to enter
bank charges as an expense.
There are four reports available with H.M.M. The first is
a “transactions report. ” This report will printout a chrono-
logical record of all entries made to the checking account.
The second report is a “deposits report.” It will print out a
chronological record of all deposits made to the checking
account. The next report, as you may have guessed by now,
is the “expenses report.” It will print out a chronological
record of all withdrawals made from the checking account.
All three of these reports can be printed for the month just
completed or for a range of one day to as long as you cover in
the file. The fourth report prints out the monthly totals for
each of your accounts and also the year-to-date totals.
I found H.M.M. to be a user friendly program. The eight
pages of documentation are excellently written and you will
have a good understanding of how H.M.M. works after
reading the documentation just once. There is even a dem-
onstration file included with the program to familiarize you
with all the features of H.M.M. before entering your own
data.
The only thing you may not like about H.M.M. is that it’s
a bit slow. I entered two months data into my file which was
about 95 transactions. When I requested a report to be
printed, it took two minutes and 40 seconds to sort the
checks before starting to print. A full year’s data may very
well take over 1 0 minutes to sort. This is a lot faster than any
of us could do by hand, but some of you might find it
irritating.
With a 16K machine H.M.M. will let you record up to 480
transactions. Since the program is written in BASIC, I’m
sure it could be modified fairly easily to handle more if you
have over 16K.
If you are looking for a program to organize your income
and expenses, then 1 recommend Home Money Manager.
(Computerware, Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024, $19.95)
—Michael Hunt
BETTER THAN HIGHER COST
PACKAGES RUNNING ON
I GAIN AN UNFAIR ADVANTAGE!
WITH INVESTOGRAPH
ON YOUR TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
I1^EFTh!tIMELYINVESTMEN^^^TyeS! I want an UNFAIR ADVANTAGE.
ANALYSIS WITH LESS WORK ■ Send INVESTOGRAPH rush at the INTRODUC-
Gain the advantage of using the power of the | TORY PRICE of U.S. $245.00 (plus 5% in
Color Computer to make more money in Texas). Includes full set of data and program
the market. The easy-to-use, menu driven ^diskettes with complete, easy-to-use
INVESTOGRAPH software package provides: documentation, 1 year warranty.
$ Automatic data entry by the highly rated J Name
COLORCOM/E. Address
$ Screen and hard copy graphs with prices, J City State /Zip
volumes, moving averages, cycle compo- DCheck □ Money Order DVisa DMastercard
“BIGGER” MACHINES
• Stocks, Options and Commodities
• Dow Jones and CompuServe input
• Optional unattended run mode
nents, momentum, OBV, security compari- | Card No Expires
sons, channels, and several other exclu- Signature
sive oscillators. | Order by phone, call (512)778-5260
$ Complete data maintenance utilities. Dealer Inquiries Welcome
$ Optional unattended run mode - have dinner | IlhcfHl Hill .foftiUOfC
while COCO works for you! nm
| Card No Expi
Signature
| Order by phone, call (512)778-5260
Dealer Inquiries Welcome
while COCO works for you!
TRS-8CF Tandy Corp.
Requires 32 K, Ext. Basic, 1 or 2 disks, Printer
P.O. Box 306 • Liberty Hill, Texas 78642
42 the RAINBOW July 1983
Like Word Games?
Scramble’s For You
It’s difficult to argue that your typical space games and
pac-like thrillers don’t challenge the mind, because they
often do require concentration and mental alertness. It’s
probably safe to say that they don’t require a lot of intellec-
tual skills.
And after a steady diet of arcade games, it is a welcome
change to be challenged by computer programs that test
your vocabulary skills. Take Scramble, for example, a new
creation by Kaleidoscopic Creations of Melrose Park, 111.
It’s a word game, which can involve up to four players for
hours in creative activity, competition and just plain fun.
The participants, after entering their names, can compete
on four levels. The first level allows only words (with 4 to 1 5
letters) to be entered, and contestants have two and a half
minutes to guess the answer. The next level allows words
and names, but only two minutes are allotted. The third
requires names and titles, with only a minute and a half for
answers. The highest level asks for titles and phrases, and
there is only one minute.
When a player’s turn comes up, his or her name appears
on the screen. The opposition types in the word or phrase on
the screen and then presses the “/ ” key, signaling the compu-
ters to scramble the terms. (Oh, yes, the player whose turn it
is is expected to turn his head while the phrase is being
entered.) The phrase takes about five to 10 seconds to be
scrambled, which I found a little annoying, but I guess is
understandable. If a typing error is committed while enter-
ing a word, pressing the key allows you to make
corrections.
In order to unscramble the word(s), you must begin with
the first position and proceed in order of the word to be
spelled. If you type in the wrong letter, a beep sound is
emitted by the computer. If there is a space between words, it
must be entered or you receive the same signal. This seemed
to be a kind of contradiction for me, because phrases appear
on the screen as one continuous line of letters, making it very
difficult to determine the easier parts of a phrase. All levels
of play allow for 10 errors before your turn is over. Bonus
points are given for guessing the word(s) before time runs
out, but they do not exceed the points awarded for correct
unscrambling — which makes you wonder why they are
called bonuses.
The game requires only 16K and does not require
Extended BASIC. It is written in machine language.
If your experience is like mine, in that you’ve still not been
able to get the female members of the family hooked on the
computer. Scramble may be the program for which you
have been looking. That’s assuming, of course, that you do
want the ladies to share your time on the CoCo.
(Kaleidoscopic Creations, P.O. Box 1284, Melrose Park, IL
60160,515.95 tape)
— Charles Springer
rTANDON
' DISK DRIVES
for your COCO
Features
Fully software compatible
6ms track-to-track
40 tracks
Higher quality
DRIVE 0 $449.
DRIVE 1 $249.
PRINTERS
STAR GEMINI 10 $379.
STAR GEMINI 15 $519.
OKIDATA 80 $349.
PROWRITTER $469.
GXIOOP $249.
BOTEK PARRALLEL ADAPTER $69.
16K CHIP SET $14.95
64K CHIP SET $64.
WICO JOYSTICK $25.
WICO-COCO ADAPTER $17.95
HAYS SMART MODEM $239.
VERBATIM SS/DD IQbox $25.95
USE OUR WA TTS LINE FOR A QUO TE
ON ANY COMPUTER PRODUCT
VISA, MASTER CARD, MONEY ORDERS,
PERSONAL CHECKS REQUIRE 3 WEEKS
COMPUKIT
1 “800“23 1-6671 order line
1-713-480-6000 technical line
< 16206D HICKORY KNOLL
\ HOUSTON, TEXAS 77059
July 1983 the RAINBOW 43
T he Color Computer offers several alternatives for saving
and loading programs. There is cassette tape which works
fine but is very time consuming. For the more fortunate,
there is floppy disk which is much faster but quite expensive. Some
experimenters have even managed to interface a hard disk to the
Color Computer which is extremely fast and extremely expensive.
There is one more alternative which is even faster than hard disk
but will fit anybody’s budget.
It will fit anybody’s budget because 1 am going to give it away to
each reader. This final method is memory to memory storage. I will
call this method Minidos because it acts like a Virtual Disk Operat-
ing System. Of course, there is no physical disk involved. Minidos
is a software technique which is reproduced below.
Do not be fooled by the BASIC program listing. Minidos was
written in machine language. The BASIC program only serves as a
convenient method to poke the machine language program into
memory. When the BASIC program has finished its task it will self
destruct leaving only the machine language code in your computer.
About Minidos.
Minidos does have its limitations. This particular version will let
you save two of your favorite BASIC programs in memory — that is
all. 1 have also written a much more powerful Virtual Disk Operat-
ing System (VDOS) which I will tell you about later. Here is how to
work Minidos. ENTER the supplied listing below. Check very
carefully for typing errors. If you make a mistake in the machine
16K
■
the
UTILITY
ECB
RAINBOW
Minidos:
Two Ring Circus for CoCo
Double your pleasure with Minidos , a miniature
version of a new virtual disk operating system
which will hold two BASIC programs in memory
at once.
By Dr. Laurence D. Preble
44 the RAINBOW July 1983
‘FLEX is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants Inc.
Turn your
color computer on
to the power of
FLEX
NOW FROM THE WORLDS LARGEST SUPPLIER OF SOFTWARE FOR FLEX
COMES FHL COLOR FLEX. JUST LOOK AT THESE FEATURES:
IF YOU’RE TIRED OF
NO DISK SOFTWARE,
THEN FHL Color FLEX
IS THE ANSWER!
FLEX is the world’s most popular operating
system, for the 6809 and with over 150
programs, we are the largest supplier
of software for FLEX. These programs are
NOT games but serious programs for your
Color Computer. They range from word
processors thru business applications to
software development tools. Many Fortune
500 companies use our software.
FHL Color FLEX turns your Color computer
into a powerful system more capable than
systems costing several times as much.
See our NEW 32 page catalog in the
Jan. ’83 issue of COLOR COMPUTER
NEWS featuring over 150 products for
FLEX, or send $3.00 to us and we will
see that you receive a copy!!
FLEX NOW ONLY S99
• NEW - “Tiny Editor”
• NEW - Interactive Assembler (Tiny ASM)
• NEW - Machine Language Monitor
• NEW - Video attributes include status lines,
protected lines, and inverse video
• Hi-Res screen formats
• 16 x 32 and 24 x 51, upper and lower
case characters
• 24 x 64 and 32 x 64 upper case
Full ASCII keyboards
• Easy start-up— just type “FLEX”
On-line assistance— Just type HELP
• Optionally use a standard terminal
and printer
• Advance disk I/O and terminal
capabilities - Supporting 35, 40,
and 80 track single or double sided,
single or double density drives
■ No additional hardware required
• We have supported FLEX with
more than any one else in the
world for more than two years!
SPECIAL
1. DBASIC, RS Disk Basic
under FLEX with a utility to
copy RS to FLEX disk $30.
2. ED/ASM, line and screen editor
with conditional macro assembler,
both more powerful than TSC’s and |
at the same cost, only $100.
3. COLOR UTILITIES, a set of 12
utilities especially designed for
FHL COLOR FLEX $50.
THE REGENCY TOWER
770 JAMES ST. - SYRACUSE, NY 13203
TELEX 646740 - (31 5) 474-7856
V
LIMIT: One order per customer
COUPON
This offer good towards purchase of software/hardware
with proof of FHL FLEX purchase.
PHONE(3tS>47« 7830 • TELEX 040740
D® %
Save up to $2 00 on your next order when you buy FLEX from Frank Hogg
Laboratory. That's right, you can save twice as much as you paid for FLEX when
you order anything from FHL. Here's how it works. If you buy FLEX from us or
have purchased our FLEX in the last fi months then take a copy of your invoice and
this coupon and send it in with your order of software and/or hardware from our
catalog. Everything in our catalog is included! Suppose that your order was for $500.
You would send in $450 and the copy of your invoice for FLEX and this coupon,
saving $50. To save the maxium of $200, you order would have to total $2000. This
special applies whether you bought FHL Flex from us or from one of our dealers,
however, the 10% discount is only available from us.
This deal is good for ONE order only per customer. What I mean by that is you can
only use the coupon ONCE.
Only FHL, with over 150 products in our catalog can offer you as good a deal as
this. If you take advantage of some of our other deals in the catalog the savings are
significant.
This special 10% promotion will run for at least the next 3 months, and if it works
out for us, we will make it a permanent thing.
(EXCEPTIONS: The 10% discount cannot be applied to SPECIAL sale prices. We
will note these exceptions when they occur.)
FRANK
HOGG
LABORATORY
THE REGENCY TOWER
7 70 JAMES ST. . SYRACUSE, NY 13 203
TELEX 646 7 40 . (3 1 5) 4 74-7 856
STYLOGRAPH
6809 WORD PROCESSING SYSTEM
AVAILABLE FOR FLEXJ“ UniFLEX,™ and OS-9™
The STYLOGRAPH text processing system is a very easy to use but powerful
method of creating and printing text. It allows the operator to type text on the CoCo,
modifying and correcting it as it's typed, and then print it out. The STYLOGRAPH
SYSTEM is cursor-oriented with dynamic screen formating. Cursor based editing
means that any portion of the text may be worked on by moving the cursor to that
point. Dynamic screen formating means that the text is formated on the screen in
the same way it will appear on the printed copy. The display is continuously up-
dated to show how the text will appear. This is a very important feature and is nor-
mally available only on very expensive commercial word processing systems. It
significantly reduces the time required to produce a finished copy.
FULL FEATURED TEXT EDITING
A full array of commands help in the creation and modification of text. The text
displayed on the screen may be moved up, down, left or right. The cursor can be
moved to any page or to any specified series of letters or words. The cursor itself
can be moved left, right, up, down, to any tab position, or to the extreme left or right.
Any block of text can be moved, copied or deleted. The operator may also do a
global replace so that all occurrences of a given string will be replaced with or
without a "prompt” asking if the item should be replaced.
OPERATOR CONVENIENCE
Files longer than memory can be edited. The operator can move forward through
a long text file by selectively dumping text to the disk or filling from the disk.
The supervisor mode is menu driven and self prompting so that the operator does
not have to remember the syntax of commands. This makes it easier for new opera-
tors to use the system.
An "assist" or “help” function makes it easy to learn the system since it is nor-
mally not necessary to consult the manual to learn the commands. This function is
menu driven and lists all of the keyboard functions and the formating commands.
At the beginning of the text the operator normally types in a few simple com-
mands indicating the line length, left margin, and so forth, and then enters the
header and footer as they should appear. After that the operator need not worry
about formating since it is taken care of automatically. Words that extend beyond
the end of the line are automatically removed and placed on the next line. Headers
and footers are automatically inserted so that the operator always knows what por-
tion of the page is being worked on. Ghost hyphens can be entered so that if the
word falls at the end of a line, and a ghost hyphen has been inserted, the hyphen
will automatically be added.
FLEXIBLE DISPLAY
Lines longer than the screen width are allowed. STYLOGRAPH can scroll right
and left on the screen so that tables can be constructed and appear on the screen
exactly as they will appear on the print out.
A command allows viewing of the formating commands on the screen. Another
command allows the operator to see which characters will be modified at print out
by underlining, superscripting or boldface. A page status command shows the cur-
rent format values and other useful information.
COMPLETE FORMATING CONTROL
The text of individual lines may be centered, left justified, right justified, or right
and left justified. Tabs can be set or cleared at any point. Spacing of the lines on the
page is under complete operator control with end of page, spacing and vertical tab
commands.
While entering text, it may be specified that the characters have some kind of
modification when they are printed, such as underlining, superscript, boldface,
overline, or subscript. These character modifications are done with "control" key
strokes. For example, to start underlining characters, simply hold down the "CTRL"
key, hit the "U" key and continue entering text. To stop underlining, hit the "DEL" or
"RUB" key.
Control codes may be embedded in the text for special applications. For exam-
ple, some printers require special control sequences for double width, graphics or
boldface. These sequences may be embedded in the text for those users that have
these printers. In conjunction with this, it is possible to cause the printer to stop in
the middle of a print out for changing printwheels. A backspace feature allows
overstriking.
OPERATING SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY
STYLOGRAPH is compatible with the FLEX, UniFlex, and OS-9 disk operating
systems. Text files prepared using STYLOGRAPH are directly usable by other soft-
ware such as BASIC and the assembler. (This significantly aids software develop-
ment since cursor-based editing allows full viewing of the text being worked on,
thereby reducing errors and decreasing programming time). File size is limited only
by the capacity of the disk system. Files may be loaded into the text at any point
making it possible to rapidly create "boiler plate" documents using portions of text
that have been previously saved to a text file. Any portion of a text may be saved to
a text file for use at a later point. The printer output may be directed to a disk file for
later print spooling. Most operating system commands are directly accessible
without leaving STYLOGRAPH.
FULLY ADAPTABLE TO MOST PRINTERS
STYLOGRAPH is easily configured by the user for most terminals so there is no
need to send for updates as equipment changes are made. Source code of the ter-
minal interface is supplied so that users with unusual equipment configurations
may adapt it to their systems. The source code for all of the "prompts" is also sup-
plied so that foreign language versions may be easily constructed.
Printers currently included as standard are: Diablo, Qume, Starwriter, NEC
5515/25. NEC 5510/20; CENTRONICS 737/739; TTY type printer with backspace func-
tion; TTY type printer without backspace function.
COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS
A special tutorial section is included in the manual so that people with little or no
computer experience can easily learn to use STYLOGRAPH in a few hours. A text
file is included which demonstrates most of the features of STYLOGRAPH and
allows the operator to practice most of the functions. The logical arrangement of
the commands and the immediate display of the results greatly simplifies the learn-
ing process. In addition there is an "assistance" command which helps the new
operator learn the commands.
STYLOGRAPH MAIL MERGE
A major option of STYLOGRAPH is the related MAIL MERGE program. This pro-
gram adds "form letter" capability to STYLOGRAPH. Variables such as names ad-
dresses. dates, may be taken from a disk file or the keyboard at print out time and
inserted into the text. Successive letters may be printed out without operator in-
tervention.
The second important capability of the MAIL MERGE program allows many
STYLOGRAPH text files to be appended at print out time. This allows files to be
edited in smaller, more convenient blocks and then appended at print out time so
that the page numbers will remain consecutive and the headers and footers will
automatically be retained through all of the print out.
STYLOGRAPH SPELLING CHECKER
Another major option of STYLOGRAPH is the related SPELLING CHECKER pro-
gram. This program reads through a text file and compares the words in the file with
a dictionary. Words that are not found in the dictionary may be marked in the text
for later editing, corrected on the spot, skipped, or added to the dictionary. Words
may be added to or deleted from the dictionary to create unique vocabularies for
particular applications.
POWERFUL PRINTING OPTIONS
Underlining is supported on TTY type printers. For those people who have
specialty printers there are a variety of additional capabilities including:
1.5 line spacing
BOLDFACE
superscript*
subscript,
underline, overline,
or any combination
Right and left justification of text is accomplished by incremental printing on TTY
type printers. True proportional spacing is supported on the specialty printers.
STYLOGRAPH for the Color Computer FLEX
STYLOGRAPH MAIL MERGE
STYLOGRAPH SPELLING CHECK
STANDARD FLEX Version
FRANK
HOGG
LABORATORY
195.00
125.00
145.00
295.00
THE REGENCY TOWER • 770 JAMES ST. • SYRACUSE, NY 13203* TELEX 646740 *(31 5) 474-7856
language listing, the program will bomb without necessarily
giving any error message. CSA VE the program to cassette
before running it. RUN the program. The BASIC listing
disappears and Minidos is installed.
Minidos has sectioned your computer memory into two
halves. If you have a 32K computer, you may now CLOAD
in a I6K or less BASIC program. If you have a I6K compu-
ter, you may now CLOAD in an 8K or less BASIC program.
Now CLOAD in one of your favorite BASIC programs.
LIST your program or RUN it to make certain it is in
memory. When you are satisfied your program is all right,
type EXEC and press the ENTER button. Now try to list
your program. It is gone! Don’t worry. Your program is
alive and well, safely tucked away in high user memory.
Type in EXEC and ENTER again. LIST your program. It
has returned safely.
N ow the acid test. Save your program in high memory by
typing EXEC (ENTER) once more. Next CLOAD in one
more of your favorite programs. Check to make certain your
program will RUN. Finally, type EXEC (ENTER) to make
your newly entered program switch places with the other
program tucked into high memory. Check to make certain
the other program still will RUN. Great! Each time you type
EXEC, your two programs will switch places and you may
run either of them.
Minidos has some obvious limitations. First, only BASIC
programs may be saved with Minidos. Minidos will not
work with any of your machine language programs. Sec-
ondly, Minidos does not maintain a directory. There is no
way for you to tell which program has been saved if you
forget! Minidos will only save ONE extra program. Even if
CO CO SERVICE
from
Creative Electronics Co.
64K Upgrades $80.00 Installed
32k Upgrades $30.00 Installed
Extended Basic W/Manual (Write)
Operating Light $10.00 Installed
Video Interface $20.00 Installed
Clock Boards $80.00 Installed
Keyboards $80.00 Installed
Roms Burned & Installed in
custom Rom Paks (Write)
We recommend C ITOH PROWRITER
printer and Panasonic monitor.
C ITOH Printer $425. OO+Shipping
Panasonic CT-1112 Color Mon. $360+
shi ppi ng .
Fast turn around on all items.
Above prices apply to operating
D,E,F Boards & TDP Computers.
INCLUDE $5.00 FOR RETURN SHIPPING
SEND S.A.S.E. FOR DETAILS AND FOR
FURTHER OFFERINGS.
CREATIVE ELECTRONICS Co.
4211 -7th Ave.
Rock Island, II.
61201
you have plenty of memory space. Multiple saves are not
permitted. Finally, once you’ve loaded Minidos, choose the
PCLEAR that you want, but do not change it while using
the program or you’ll have problems.
Minidos has a big brother. I call it VDOS. VDOS is a
complete Virtual Disk Operating System designed for 64K
and 32K Color Computers. (By the way, any Color Compu-
ter can now be upgraded to 64K for as little as $60. See
Rainbow ads.) VDOS will save as many programs as will fit.
VDOS will even save machine language programs. VDOS
has a directory function which displays more information
than even the normal Radio Shack Disk system. Imple-
mented functions include, Directory, Save A Basic Pro-
gram, Save A Machine Program, Load A Basic Program,
Load A Machine Program, Kill A Basic Program and Kill A
Machine Program. VDOS incorporates itself into your
computer by giving you an extra command: You just type
VDOS to get into VDOS. Unlike Minidos, it is permissible
to change PCLEAR modes as often as you like with VDOS.
Even pressing reset will not harm VDOS.
If you have a 64K computer, it is possible to save from
32K to 50K of programs, depending on where you tell
VDOS to locate itself. All memory is dynamically allocated
and reallocated. I have had as many as 25 short programs
saved on VDOS at once. In any case, if you like Minidos but
want more, see our ad in this month’s Rainbow.
The listing:
r
320 0288
END . . . 0555
10 ’ MINIDOS - MINI VIRTUAL DISK
20 ’ ALLOWS USER TO CLOAD UP TO
30 ’ TWO OTHER BASIC PROGRAMS
40 ’ AND SWITCH BACK AND FORTH
50 ” BETWEEN THEM.
60 '
70 ’ SEE RAINBOW ADVERTISEMENTS
80 ’ FOR A COMPLETE VIRTUAL
90 " DISK OPERATING SYSTEM
100 ’ WHICH ALLOWS MULTIPLE
110 ’ BASIC AND MACHINE LANGUAGE
120 ’ PROGRAM STORAGE AND EVEN
130 ' MAINTAINS A DIRECTORY.
140 '
150 PCLEAR 1
160 CLS 8
170 PR I NT "STANDBY";
180 S1=&H21
190 S2=&H22
200 MX=PEEK (SI ) *256+PEEK (S2) -25
210 RG=MX-1536
220 SP=INT (RG/2+1536)
230 CL=SP-1
240 READ CT
250 FOR X=SP TO SP+CT
260 READ PK
270 POKE X , PK
280 NEXT X
290 CLS
300 CLS 3
310 PR I NT "ONLY ONE GRAPHICS PAGE
48 the RAINBOW July 1983
erful robot, armed with a lethal homing
missile.
Zaxxon is the one game that you must see
to believe. You have to play it to feel its im-
pact. If you’re ready to face the challenge,
check with your local software dealer or
send check or money order with $2.00 post-
age/handling. California residents add
6'/a% sales tax. Available on cassette or
diskette. Suggested retail price $39.95.
Available in January on Atari*, February on
Apple* and Radio Shack* Color, and April
on Tl 99/4A’” and NEC 6000'“.
home computer entertainment. From the
daring attack on the enemy’s floating for-
tress and the blazing battle against the en-
emy's fighter fleet to the final showdown with
the deadly armored robot, Zaxxon'" chal-
lenges the skill and imagination of every
player at every level of skill.
Imagine yourself the pilot, attacking the
enemy fortrdss-climbing, diving, strafing to
score points and extra fuel. The enemy
fights back with a barrage of missiles and
gunfire. Then you face a fleet of enemy fight-
ers in a gripping dogfight of altitude strategy
and flying skjill. Survive this battle and the
enemy’s fortress, defended with laser bar-
riers, then you've earned the ultimate chal-
lenge; a blazing confrontation With the pow- Datasofr is a registered trademark ot Datasoft lnc.»
Sega * and Zaxxon '* are registered trademarks of Sega Enterprises Inc.
The game that puts space games in
perspective. Zaxxon one of the most
popular arcade games of 1 982, is now avail-
able for use with your home computer
system.
Zaxxon'" technology and creativity present
a 3-dimensional-like playfield which sets
Zaxxon'" apart from other computer games.
Zaxxon'” looks and sounds like aircraft
flight, and players can soar to new levels of
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
9421 Winnetka Avenue
Chatsworth, CA 9131 1
(213) 701-5161
©1982 Datasoft* Inc.
320 PR I NT "HAS BEEN PCLEAR’D."
330 PR I NT: PR I NT "REMEMBER TO PCLE
AR MORE"
340 PRINT" IF DESIRED."
350 PRINT: PRINT: FOR X=1 TO 2000:
NEXT X
360 PRINT@480
370 PR I NT "TYPE EXEC (ENTER) "
380 PR I NT "TO SWITCH BETWEEN PROG
RAMS"
390 print:print:print
400 X1=INT (SP/256)
410 X2=SP-X 1*256
420 POKE 157, XI
430 POKE 158, X2
440 CLEAR 200, CL
450 NEW
460 DATA 137
470 DATA 166,141,0,129,38,20,48,
141.0. 128. 175. 141.0. 117. 111. 128,
111.128.108.141.0. 111.175.141.0,
103.31.64. 147. 10.237. 141.0. 102, 1
41.52. 174. 141.0. 91.16. 158.25. 166
, 164,230, 132, 167, 128,231, 160, 16,
172. 141.0. 80.37.241.220.27, 147,2
5.227. 141.0. 65.52.6.236
480 DATA 141,0,57,163,141,0,55,2
11.25.221.27.53.6.237. 141.0. 43.3
2.28.220.27. 147.25.237. 141.0. 38,
236. 141.0. 29. 163. 141.0.27. 16. 163
, 141,0,25,35,4,237, 141,0,19,57,1
27,2,221, 127,2,222, 127,2,223,22,
0,0,57,251,255,255,255,0,0,0,251
PRO-COLOR-FILE
If you're through playing games and are ready to
get serious about software, then PRO-COLOR-
FILE is for you. Turn your TRS-80 32K Color
Computer Disk system into a powerful data base
manager.
We're serious about PRO-COLOR-FILE. It’s the only
program of its kind that gives so much flexibility and
power to your color disk at a price that will fit your
budget. In fact, it could be the least expensive software
you'll ever buy.
PRO-COLOR-FILE is not just one program. It gives you
the ability to create any application that requires infor-
mation to be stored, searched, updated, sorted and
reported. You can custom design your own mailing list,
inventory, stock investment records, time manager,
expense records, income records .... anything.
The best part about PRO-COLOR-FILE is that you don't
have to be a programmer or even know a lot about disk
input/output to use it. You design your application
programs in a way that is easy for you to understand and
use. In fact, the more you use PRO-COLOR-FILE the
more you learn about data base development.
Only $79.95 + $2.00 Shipping and Handling.
We accept VISA, MASTERCHARGE, Checks or Money Orders.
No C.O.D.'s please.
Call or write for more details:
DERRINGER SOFTWARE, Post Office Box 5300, Florence. S.C.
29502. Phone: (803) 665-5676 after 6:00 p.m. (EDT).
PRO-COLOR-FILE ©1983 Dennis Derringer.
*TRS-80 is a trademark of the Tandy Corp
44211 ®
Home Interest Calculator:
Quick, Accurate Assistance
Most families would find B.C. Engineering’s INTRST1,
Home Interest Calculator, quite useful for their software
library. It’s not a fancy program, no buffer or printout
capabilities. You simply input the pertinent information
asked for on loans or money deposited in interest-bearing
accounts. Home Interest Calculator, in turn, calculates the
answer quickly and accurately.
It’s a great little program for finding the difference in
payments for a 20-year home loan as opposed to a 30-year
loan. Or, finding the best financing for your next new car.
On the deposit side, it can help plan for Junior’s college
education or that vacation you dream about. Just input the
needed amount of money, the interest rate on the account
and the number of years in which to accumulate the money.
Or, plan for your retirement. It will calculate the principal
needed to receive a desired yearly payment.
The documentation is short and to the point. Quite easy to
understand and use.
To the point, the program will do the following:
LOANS
1) Will calculate payment account,
2) Will calculate principal,
3) Will calculate balloon to loan payoff amounts,
4) Will calculate interest rate per period,
5) Will find interest rate charged per compound period,
6) Will find the number of payments that have to be made
on a loan before the balance due is below the amount you
enter.’
DEPOSITS
1) Will calculate the final amount in an interest bearing
account if a single payment is made to it,
2) Will calculate the single original amount that must be
deposited to get the desired final amount,
3) Will calculate the final amount in an account after
equal payments are made to it; payments are assumed
yearly,
4) Will calculate the equal payments that can be received
from a deposit; payments assumed yearly,
5) Will calculate the principal needed to receive a desired
yearly payment,
6) Will calculate the equal payments needed to get the
final amount desired; payments assumed yearly.
It may not be as easy to use a TI Business Analyst calcula-
tor, but it’s somewhat cheaper, and it gives you an excuse to
play with your CoCo.
(B.C. Engineering, P.O. Box 768, Manchester, MO 63011,
$12.95)
—Pamela Peitsch
50 the RAINBOW July 1983
THE GREATEST
SOFTWARE DEAL
ON EARTH
Tame your computer without breaking your wallet's spirit! Quality
programs on tape for the price of peanuts!
A subscription to Chromasette Magazine consists of 6 to 8
ready-to-load useful, practical, and fun programs delivered by First Class
Mail every month. Programs like Curve Fit, Diggem, Graph Text, List Mod,
Robot Run, House Adventure, and Keep Text.
Treat yourself to a greatshow — get a subscription to Chromasette
Magazine. Or catch a single act and try a back issue. You'll be delighted
by the tricks your computer will do!
The Bottom Line:
I year [12 issues) $50.00
6 months
(6 issues) S30.00
Single Copies $ 6,00
Calif, residents add 6% to single copies.
North America — First Class postage
included.
Overseas — add $10 to subscriptions and
$1 to single copies. Sent AO rate.
The Fine Print:
All issues from July 1981 available — ask for list. Programs are for the
Extended BASIC model and occasionally for disks.
"&i/zoma$ette.
MAGAZINE
P.O. Box 1087 Santa Barbara, CA 93102 (805) 963-1066 Master Card /Visa
Fly your spaceship through
enemy Starbases. Avoid
guided missiles, lasers, and
firing turrets! Can you reach
their leader . . . ZAKSUND ?
COLOR GRAPHICS _
the creators of
Intergalactic Force'
War Kings 2
Party Pak'
Trek-16 2
many other fine programs!
1 ANTECO
2 TOM MIX
JZllte *?oj)tu/&te
Box 1 1 224
Pittsburgh, PA 1 5238
(412) 795-8492
EXCITING
A0 e „ ★
$ 24.95 Cassette
$ 27.95 Disk
Add $1 Postage and Handling
PA residents add 6“o sales tax
A pC ' „ *
** 32K
MACHINE
LANGUAGE
'QV
16K
■
the
|
GRAPHICS
ECB
«sa>
RAINBOW
Here's A 120 Frame 'Graphics Pad'
For easy Animation
By Scott L. Bain
T hose interested in computer animation would do well
to choose the Color Computer. TRS-80C Extended
BASIC supports a wide range of extremely user-
friendly graphics commands and allows for page switching,
making simple, smooth looking animation a relatively easy
task. But those who want to create lengthy, animated art-
work without resorting to tedious DRA W commands and
slow graphics updates will need more than eight pages to
work with.
Animator is a full function “graphics pad” program that
divides each of five graphics pages into 24 miniframes. The
user is provided with a cursor controlled drawing board, a
window to the area where the individual “frames"are stored,
the ability to animate using any or all of the 120 frames,
commands to edit and duplicate existing frames, and a
subroutine to save finished frames to tape.
Displays
The main display is divided into two smaller displays,
outlined by white boxes. The display on the left is the user
“pad” — the flashing cursor there is moved using the arrow
keys and 1 , 2, W, and Q (for diagonals), and wraps around in
all four directions. Move (M), Draw (D), Erase (E), Paint,
(P), Line(L), Circle, (C),and Box (B) are fully supported in
black and white. The display on the right is a window to the
current frame position on the storage pages. “F” will
advance this position one frame and “R” will move it back
one. Pressing the “clear” key will display the storage page
currently occupied by the frame cursor(the long white line).
There are five storage pages, and repeated use of the “clear”
key will allow you to flip through them (see point 5 under
“other notes”). “F” and “R” will still work (try them) and
“G” will advance the frame cursor one full page.
“#” will clear the user pad. “* ” will clearthe storage pages
and since on powerup the 80C’s graphics pages are filled
with random “garbage,” it is important to clear them first.
Storing and Animating Frames
Using “D,” put the cursor into DRA W mode, then using
the arrow keys and 1, 2, W, and Q draw something on the
pad. When you are finished press “S.” The right screen
(window) should now contain an exact copy of what you just
drew, and when you press “clear” you will notice that the
storage page has a copy of your figure in the upper left hand
corner (this is what the window is “looking at”). Press “F”
once — don’t hold it down as it will auto repeat — and the
frame cursor will advance to the next position. Press the
space bar to get back to the main display and you will notice
the window is now blank. The window always displays the
same frame as the frame cursor is underlining, and vice
versa.
Using the pad cursor controls, add something to the draw-
ing you just made (it is still on the pad, you’ll note), and press
“S” again. This new version of the drawing will be copied
into storage at the new frame cursor/ window position. Press
“clear” and you will see how the two frames are stored.
Press “A” and the two frame animation will begin. Use the
“-” key to slow it down and “+” to speed it back up again.
Pressing the space bar will stop it completely.
NOTE: Animator's “A” command flips through the
stored frames, one by one, starting with the first frame and
ending with the frame currently underlined by the frame
cursor and displayed in the window. This means that if you
have stored 50 frames but have left the frame cursor on #5,
only frames 1 through 5 will be included in the animation
procedure. Use “G” and “F” to advance the frame cursor to
the last frame position.
Specialty Drawing Commands
Animator’s specialty commands make it easy to draw
standard figures and erase them. Press “M” to get the pad
cursor into “move” mode, and “#” and to clear every-
thing out. Press (shift 7) and a single pixel will be set at
the current cursor position, accompanied by a “beep.” Move
the cursor away, preferably toward a corner. This dot you
have left behind is the “endpoint dot” used by the specialty
commands. Press “C” and a circle will be drawn using the
endpoint dot as the center and the cursor as a point on the
circumference. “X,” which is just to the left of “C” will erase
the circle if you have not moved the cursor. “B” (erased by
“V”) and “L” (erased by “K”) will yield interesting results.
Try them. Pressing again will create a new endpoint dot,
although the old one will not be erased from the pad.
Paint (P) works just like it does in Extended BASIC, and
is mainly intended to be used to fill in closed polygons. “0”
does the same thing in black, and therefore can be used as an
eraser.
Editing and the Command
Once your animation is finished you may want to change
or add to it. This is easily done:
To change an existing frame, merely move the frame
cursor/ window to the desired position. “T” will transfer
(copy) the frame to the pad, wiping out anything that was
there. You can now use the pad controls to alter the frame,
or you can clear it out and draw something totally new.
Either way, “S” will replace the stored frame with whatever
is on the pad.
Note that this will completely wipe out the old frame and
insert the new in its place.
The “&” command will work exactly the same way except
that the pad frame will be added on top of the existing frame,
thus combining the two. This can be most useful in complex
animations. Programmers should note that the OR option
of the PUT command is at work here.
There is no edit “mode” because (in effect) you are always
July 1983 the RAINBOW 53
editing. When creating animation at first, you are actually
editing out blank frames and replacing them with filled ones.
The commands are always the same.
Command Summary
P Paints the screen white, stopping at white borders.
“O” does the same thing in black.
(The arrow keys and 1 2 W Q control the movement
of the cursor. They will auto repeat, and wrap
around.)
PAD
D Puts the cursor into “draw” mode. The cursor will
leave a white trail behind it as it moves.
E Puts the cursor into “erase” mode. The cursor will
erase (reset) any pixel it moves through.
M Puts the cursor into “move” mode. The cursor will
move through drawings without disturbing them.
NOTE: will set a single pixel while in this mode,
and “,” will reset one.
# Will clear the pad to black.
shift 7 Will set the endpoint dot.
WINDOW/FRAME CURSOR
F Moves position one frame forward. Beeps when last
frame reached.
R Moves position one frame back.
G Moves position one full page forward, wraps
around page 5 to 1.
N Returns position to frame #1, page #1.
clear Display current page,
space Return to main display.
C Draws a circle using the endpoint dot as the center
and the current cursor position as a point on the
circumference. “X” erases it.
B Draws a box using the endpoint dot and current
cursor position as the corners. “V” erases
it.
L Draws a line using the endpoint dot and current
cursor position as the endpoints. “K” erases it.
eRlON
presents
Scf
MRe
game ever 1 1 1
TREKBEST
The BEST 'Trek'
INTRUDER ALERT 1
Can YOU outsmart the Robots???
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All prices include P. & H. NY State
residents please add app. sales tax.
HYPERION SOFTWARE
P.0. Box 196
Lagrangeville , NY 12540
* Clear all storage.
TRANSFER/EDIT
5 Save pad frame to current storage position.
T Transfer frame at current position to pad for edit-
ing, etc. (“S” returns frame to storage)
6 As “S,” but with OR option. Adds the pad frame to
whatever is stored at the current
position.
@ Locks the“F” command on. Every time the “S” key
is pressed thereafter, the pad frame will be stored
and the frame position automatically advanced as if
“F” had subsequently been pressed. A beep will
sound each time, reminding you that the lock is still
on. Pressing “@” again will turn the lock off.
ANIMATING
A Animate from frame # 1 , page # 1 , up to and includ-
ing the frame displayed in the window (and under-
lined by the frame cursor).
space Stop animating.
- Slow down the animation.
+ Speed up the animation (begins at full speed)
Saving to Tape
Once an animation is finished, make sure the frame cursor
is on the last frame you want stored, then press “/ Use the
“Save” option to create a machine language file that should
be approximately four tape counts per page saved long,
under any name you like, up to eight characters in length.
To load a finished animation back into the program,
make sure the storage is clear (“*”) then press “/ After the
file is loaded, note the frame cursor must be advanced to the
last frame of the animation before using the animate “A ”
command. Using the “/” option always returns the frame
cursor to the # 1 frame. If you press “A” while it’s still there,
you end up looking at a one frame animation!
54 the RAINBOW July 1983
Other Notes
1) Don’t worry if you need to “break. ’’The program will
never clear out the storage unless you tell it to (“*”). Wha-
tever was on the pad will be lost, though, unless you take the
PCLS out of line 12 before running.
2) Erasing a line using “L” or a box using “V” will also
erase the endpoint dot. Don’t be fooled — the endpoint is still
the same until you change it by pressing (shift 7) again.
3) Copying a frame from one point of the animation to
another is simple. Just move the frame position to the
desired frame, transfer (“T”) it to the pad (it won’t be wiped
out of storage, just copied onto the pad), then move the
frame position to the new location and save (“S”) it. You can
duplicate any frame any number of times using this method.
4) The number of dots in the upper left hand corner of the
main display indicates which page of the frame cursor it’s
currently on (each page holds 24 frames, remember).
5) Repeated use of the “clear” key will flip you through the
pages in rotation. “G” will actually move the frame cursor
position through the pages. If you use “clear” to view a page
other than the one currently occupied by the frame cursor,
then try to move the frame cursor using“F,”“R,”or“G,”the
commands will still function, but you will be flipped back to
the current page first.
6) Only those commands listed under “Window/ Frame
Cursor” in the command summary will function while you
are yiewing the storage page(s). If you press any other com-
mand key you will be returned to the main display before the
command is executed. All commands except “-” and “+”
may be used while viewing the main display, (“-’’and “+”are
only used during animation — there’s no reason to use them
any other time.).
7) The following keys will auto repeat: the arrows, 1 , 2, W,
Q, F, R, G, +, and -.
8) Black on white drawing is possible by painting (“P”) the
screen white, then drawing in black using the erase com-
mands. Note that will not work properly using this
method.
9) If your computer cannot use the standard processor
speed up, you should remove the POKE 65495,0 from lines
12 and 19 and the POKE 65494,0 from line 19.
10) After first loading Animator from tape you must
PCLEAR 6 before it will RUN. 1 have no idea why, but
RUNning twice will also work. 1 believe it’s a quirk in the
ROM.
11) This program is dedicated to Andrea R. Chartier,
without whom this entire project would never have come to
be.
( Scott Bain is a free-lance
software author and
journalist who works out
of San Diego. He and his
partner, Andrea Chartier,
own and operate Scan
Software Designs .)
The listing:
10 PCLEAR6
11 CLEAR15:DIMM<11, 11 > :dlay=i:vp
ARCADE GAMES
Dtilar InquIrlM walaime
Quality color computer loftware
All Software on tape only
All gamee require tl K except
where noted
Prism Software
CHOPPER RESCUE (Extended BASIC) $13.95
LAS VEGAS (Extended BASIC) $11.95
THE ALIEN $13 - 95
RAIDERS “By Prism Software” In this adventure you must
deal with voodoo curses, alligators, ancient traps and hostile
natives. This adventure begins in the confusion of a large city
and ends (maybe too soon if you're not careful) in a dangerous,
dense jungle in South America.
(Extended BASIC) $16.95
★ By Spectral Associates ★
GHOST GOBBLER $26.95
ALCATRAZ II $11.95
GALAX ATTAX $26.95
SPACE WAR $26.95
KEYS OF THE $23.95
WIZARD
★ By Mark [
BLACK SANCTUM $28.95
CAVE HUNTER $28.95
BERSERK $30.95
ROBOT BATTLE
PLANET INVASION
$26.95
$26.95
COSMIC INVADERS $26.95
SPACE RACE
DEFENSE
$26.95
$26.95
Data Products ★
ASTRO-BLAST $30.95
CALIXTO ISLAND $28.95
SPACE RAIDERS $30.95
★ By Computerware ★
COLOR PAC ATTACK $30.95 STARSHIP
DOODLEBUG $30.95 CHAMELEON
RAIL RUNNER $30.95 STORM
O 000 ★ By Intracolor ★
COLORPEDE $3!
$30.95
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Prism Software
779 Queen St.,
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Ontario, Canada. NOG 2G0
Tel:(51 9)396-8224
★ By Tom Mix Software ★
DONKEY KING
requires 32 K
$30.95
Add 5 for shipping
No C O D.
VISA or Mastercard accepted
Ontario residents add 7° o sales tax.
i for (Mlvtry
July 1983 the RAINBOW 55
AGE=2: LOCK=0: OX-64: OY-99: x=ox : Y=
oy: pixel=0: pdraw=2: bx=i : by=i
1 2 PMODE0 , 1 : PCLS : CLS : SCREEN 1 , 1 : L
I NE ( 42 , 77 ) - ( 86 , 121) , PSET, B: LINE (
170, 77) — <214, 121) , PSET, B:GOSUB10
2: P0KE65495, 0
13 PMODE0, VPAGE: LINE <BX, BY+42) - (
BX+40, BY+42) , PSET: PMODE 0, 1
14 FOR I — 2TQVPAGE
15 PSET <1*4, 10,5) :NEXTI
16 A*=INKEY*:PSET(X, Y,5)
17 F0RT=1T05: NEXTT: PRESET (X,Y)
18 I F A*= " D " THEN PDRAW=1 : PSET ( X , Y
,5) *.G0T014
1 9 I F A*= " / " THENP0KE65494 , 0 : GOSUB
114:GOSUB102:RUN
20 I F A** "B" THEN LINE (OX , OY) - < X , Y
), PSET, B: PSET (X,Y, 5) : PIXEL-1
21 I FA*= " V " THENL I NE ( OX , OY > — ( X , Y )
, PRESET, B: PRESET ( X, Y) : PIXEL-0
22 IFA*="N"THEN PMODE 0,VPAGE:LI
NE (BX , BY+42) - (BX+40, BY+42) , PRESE
T: PMODE 0, l:LINE(l, 10) -(40, 10) ,P
RESET : B X= 1 : BY= 1 : VP AGE— 2 : GOSUB 1 0
2: GOTO 14
23 IFA*<>"@"THEN25
24 I FLOCK- 1 THENLOCK-0 : SOUND 100,2
: ELSELOCK-1 : SOUND 100, 2
UPLOAD $16.95
This is the UPLOAD side of DLOAD and
DLOADM in Extended Color Basic. Send a
basic or machine program to another ECB
Color Computer. Programs can be passed
directly or by phone if both computers are
hooked to modems. (not supplied). Uploaded
program arrives at the receiving end ready to
save, run, or execute. Patch to correct the
flaw in DLOADM is supplied in public domain.
INDEXER $14.95
Program produces a sorted list of variables
and line numbers used in your basic program.
Following each variable or line number will
be a listing of the numbers of the basic lines
which contain the variable or line number.
RUNning the basic program is not required.
Bonus! Global search of basic program for a
variable, a text string, or a basic keyword.
Fast machine language
16K/32K EXTENDED BASIC, Tape or RS Disk
Add $2.00 for shipping and handling
ML-US'R SOFTWARE
115 RISING SUN, Dept R
FORT MITCHELL, KY 41017
25 I FA$= ■ E " THENPDR AW-0 : PRESET ( X ,
Y) : A$=" , "
26 I FA$= " L " THENL I NE ( OX , OY ) — ( X , Y )
, PSET: PSET (X, Y, 5) : PIXEL-1
27 IFA*="K"THENLINE (OX, OY) - ( X , Y)
, PRESET: PRESET ( X, Y) : PIXEL-0
28 IF A*= " ' "THEN SOUND 200,1:OX=
x:oy=y: A*=". "
29 IFA*-". "THENPSET(X,Y,5) : PIXEL
=l:GOTO 14
30 I FA*= " , " THENPRESET ( X , Y) : PI XEL
=0:GOTO 14
3 1 I F A*= " M " THENPDR AW-2 : GOTO 1 4
32 I FA*- " S " THENG0SUB68 : I FLOCK- 1 T
HEN A*= "F" : SOUND 100,2: ELSEGOTO 1 4
33 I FA*“ " & " THENG0SUB68 : I FLOCK- 1 T
HEN A*="F" : SOUND 100,2: ELSEGOTO 1 4
34 IFA*=" A"THENG0SUB74: G0T016
35 IFA*= "#"THENPI XEL— 0: G0T012
36 I FA*= " * " THENG0SUB86 : GOTO 1 3
37 IF A*="T"THEN GET ( 172, 79) - (21
2, 119) ,M,G:PUT(44,79)-(84, 119) ,M
, PSET : I FPPO I NT ( X , Y ) — 0THEN PIXEL-
0 ELSE PI XEL- 1
38 IFA*= CHR* (12) THEN GOSUB90:GOT
017
39 IFA*= "F" THEN G0SUB98 : GOTO 1 4
40 IFA*= ,, R"THEN GOSUB 104: GOTO 14
41 IFA*= "P"THEN PAINT ( X , Y) , 5, 5: P
SET (X,Y,5) :PI XEL— 1
42 IFA*= "C"THEN CIRCLE (OX , OY) , SQ
R(ABS(X-0X)"'2+ABS(Y-0Y)''2) : PSET (
X, Y,5> :pixel=i:goto 14
43 I FA*—" X "THEN CIRCLE (OX , OY) , SQ
R ( ABS (X-OX ) "'2+ABS ( Y— OY ) ^2 ) , 0: LIN
E (42, 77) -(86, 121 ), PSET, B: PRESET (
X, Y) : PIXEL-0: GOTO 14
44 IFA*="0"THEN PSET ( X , Y, 5) : PAIN
T ( X , Y) ,0,0: LINE (42, 77) -( 86 , 121) ,
PSET, B: PRESET (X, Y) : PIXEL-0:
45 IFA*="G"THEN GOSUB 123
46 IFCHR* (94) -A*THEN Y1»Y-2:X1=X
: G0T055
47 IFCHR* (9) — A*THEN X1=X+2:Y1=Y:
G0T055
48 IF CHR* (10) -A* THEN Y1=Y+2:X1
-X: GOTO 55
49 IF CHR* ( 8 ) —A* THEN Xl-X-2: Y1-
Y:GOTO 55
50 IF A*="l" THEN X l-X-2: Yl-Y-2:
GOTO 55
51 IFA*="2"THEN X l-X+2: Yl-Y-2: GO
T055
52 IFA*= " W'THEN X l-X+2: Yl-Y+2: GO
T055
53 IFA*="Q"THEN X l-X-2: Yl-Y+2: GO
T055
54 GOTO 14
55 IF XI <44 THEN Xl-Xl+42
56 IFYK79THEN Yl-Yl+42
56 the RAINBOW July 1983
Radio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer
Software Sale!
Pinball
Save s
0088 R eg 29.95
£ ■ Cm 26-3052
Art Gallery
Save s 10 07
OQ88 Re 9 39-95
Cm W 26-3061
Be a pinball wizard! Hit the circle poppers and knock-
outs for points. You can even bump and tilt. For fastei
play, design your own customized playfield.
Create landscapes, still lifes, cartoons— whatever suits
your artistic fancy! Special graphics features let you
accurately control your drawing.
Microbes
Save s 5 07
1088 Re 9- 24 - 95
| 26-3085
Audio Spectrum
Analyzer
New Low Price!
1495
Was 19.95
In Cat. RSC-8
26-3156
You're the disinfector shooting antibodies at the nasty
bacteria. Watch out for ‘‘X factor”. This sneaky enemy
can zap you with its own antibodies!
Test your stereo equipment for maximum performance!
Color bar graphs show the power distribution over nine
full octaves in 1 h octave segments.
Wildcatting
Save S 10 07
1088 R eg- 29.95
| 26-3067
Roman Checkers
Save s 5 07
0488 R eg 29.95
26-3071
One to four wheeler-dealers pick drilling sites and fight
for the highest profits. Hit a gusher and you’re in the
money. But tap a dry hole and you're drained!
The classic game of strategic placement— as easy to
learn as checkers, but as rewarding as chess. Play
against the computer at different skill levels.
Tennis
Save s 10 07
1Q88 Re 9- 29-95
| 26-3080
Shooting Gallery
Save $ 5 07
9488 Re 9- 29.95
26-3088
Test your tennis skill against a real pro— your Color
Computer! Or play another person. Realistic matches
demand quick reflexes and concentration.
The carnival beckons— lights, music, the shooting gal-
lery! Hit moving targets— owls, ducks and more— for
points. Fewer shots each turn.
Radio fhaek
The biggest name in little computers^
A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION
Retail prices may va - y at individual stores and dealers
57 IFX 1 >84THEN Xl=Xl-42
58 IFY1>1 19THEN Yl=Yl-42
59 I FPDR AW= 1 THEN PIXEL=1
60 IF PDRAW=0 THEN PIXEL=0
61 ONPI XEL+1B0T062, 63
62 PRESET < X , Y > : 60T0 64
63 PSET < X , Y, 5)
64 IF PDRAW=1 THEN PSET (XI , Y1 , 5)
ELSE IF PDRAW *0 THEN PRESET (XI
,Y1)
65 IF PPO I NT ( X 1 , Y 1 ) < >0 THEN PIXE
L =1 ELSE PIXEL =0
66 X=X1: Y=Yl:GOSUB 67: GOTO 14
67 FOR N=338 TO 345: POKE N,255:N
EXT N: RETURN
68 IFPDRAW=10RPIXEL=1THEN PSET(X
,V,5>
69 GET (44, 79) -(84, 119) ,M,G
70 PMODE 0, VPAGE
71 IF A*="&" THEN PUT (BX , BY) - (BX
+40,BY+40) ,M,OR ELSE PUT (BX , BY)
- (BX+40, BY+40) , M,PSET
72 PMODE 0,1: IF A*="&" THEN PUT
( 172, 79) — (212, 119) ,M, OR ELSE PUT
(172, 79) -(212, 119) ,M,PSET
73 RETURN
74 F0RPAGE=2T0VPAGE
75 IF PAGEOVPAGE THEN FOR 1 = 1 T
0 161 STEP 44: FOR J=1 TO 241 STE
P 42: GOTO 78
76 FOR 1=1 TO BY STEP 44
77 IF I=BY THEN FOR J=1 TO BX ST
EP 42 ELSE FOR J=1 TO 246 STEP 4
2
7B PMODE 0 , PAGE
79 SET ( J , I ) — < J +40 , I +40 ) , M , G : PMOD
E0, 1
80 PUT (44, 79) -(84, 119) ,M, PSET
81 FORD=lTODLAY:NEXT D
82 A*= INKEY*: IF A*="" THEN 84 EL
SE IF A*="— " OR A*= H +" THEN GOSU
B 87: GOTO 84
83 RETURN
84 NEXT J, I, PAGE
85 G0T074
86 BX=l:BY=l:FOR PAGE =2 TO 6: PM
ODE 0, PAGE: PCLS: NEXT PAGE: PMODE0
, l:LINE(l, 10)- <40, 10) , PRESET: LIN
E (173, 79) -(212, 118) .PRESET, BF: VP
AGE=2: RETURN
87 IF A*="+" THEN DLAY=DLAY-10: I
F DLAY< 1 THEN DLAY=1
88 IF A*="— " TJHEN DLAY=DLAY+10: I
F DLAY>190 THEN DLAY=190
89 SOUND200— D , 1 : G0SUB67 : RETURN
90 CPAGE=VPAGE
9 1 PMODE0 , CP AGE : SCREEN 1 , 1
92 A*= INKEY*: IF A*="" THEN 92
93 IF A*=CHR* (12) THEN CPAGE=CPA
GE+l:IF CPAGE=7 THEN CPABE=2:G0T
Find The
COLOR COMPUTER INFORMATION
YOU NEED
COLOR COMPUTER INDEX ft
COLOR COMPUTER CATALOG ©
American Library and Information Services
Dept. R, 3705 Mary Ellen NE, Albuquerque. NM 87111
Gentlemen:
Yes! Send me COLOR COMPUTER INDEX 1980-1981 at $5 (Canada and Mexico $6)
Z Yes! Sign me up for COLOR COMPUTER INDEX 1982 (4 issues) for $16 (Canada and Mexico S20)
Yes! Sign me up for COLOR COMPUTER CATALOG 1982 (two issues) for $20 (Canada and Mexico $24)
□ YES! Sign me up for Color Computer Index 1983 (Six issues for $24 — Canada 8i Mexico $30)
□ YES! Sign me up for Color Computer Index 1983 (Two issues for $20— Canada & Mexico $24)
Single Issues:
Color Computer Index $6 U.S. (Except 1980-1981)
Color Computer Catalog $12 U.S.
Name
Address
City State Zip
58 the RAINBOW July 1983
0 91 ELSE GOTO 91
94 if A*-"G" THEN GOSUB 123: GOTO
90
95 IF A*="F" THEN GOSUB 98: GOTO
90
96 IF A*="R" THEN GOSUB 104: GOTO
90
97 PMODE0, 1 : SCREEN 1 , 1 : RETURN
98 PMODE0, VPAGE: LINE (BX, BY+42) -<
BX+40, BY+42) , PRESET: PMODE0, 1
99 BX—BX+42: IFBX<241 THEN 102
100 IFBY+44>161 AND VPAGE =6 THEN
SOUND200, 10: BX=BX— 42: GOTO102
101 IF BY+44M61 THEN VPAGE=VPAG
E+l:BX=l:BY=l ELSE BY=BY+44: BX=1
102 PMODE 0, VPAGE: GET (BX,BY)-<
BX+40, BY+40) , M, G: LINE (BX, BY+42) -
(BX+40, BY+42) ,PSET: PMODE 0,1: PUT
<172, 79) -<212, 119) ,M, PSET
103 GOSUB 67: RETURN
104 IF BXOl OR BYOl THEN 108
105 IF VPAGE=2 THEN RETURN
106 PMODE 0, VPAGE:LINE<BX, BY+42)
- (BX+40, BY+42) , PRESET
1 07 PMODE 0,1: PRESET < VPAGE*4 ,10)
: VPAGE- VPAGE— 1 : BX=21 1 : BY=133: PMO
DE 0 , VPAGE: GOTO 112
108 PMODE0, VPAGE
109 LINE <BX, BY+42) -(BX+40, BY+42)
, PRESET
110 BX=BX— 42: IFBX>=1 THEN 112
111 BX—21 1 : BY— BY— 44
112 LINE (BX, BY+42) -(BX+40, BY+42)
, PSET
113 GET (BX, BY) -(BX+40, BY+40) ,M,G
: PMODE 0, l: PUT (172, 79) -(212, 119)
, M, PSET: G0SUB67: RETURN
114 CLS: INPUT "SAVE OR LOAD"?T*:T
*=LEFT*<T*, 1) : IFT*=" "THEN 122
115 CLS: INPUT "FILE NAME" ; F$: IFLE
N(F*)>8 THEN 115
116 PR I NT "READY TAPE AND HIT ’ EN
TER’ ":LINEINPUTA*
117 PMODE 0,2: SCREEN 1,1
118 IF T*="S" THEN 120
119 CLOADM F$:GOTO 122
120 PMODE 0, VPAGE: LINE (BX, BY+42
) -(BX+40, BY+42) , PRESET: PMODE 0,2
1 2 1 CS A VEM F* , 3072 , 1 535+ ( VPAGE* 1
536) ,44553
122 PMODE 0,1 .‘SCREEN 1 , 1 : RETURN
123 PMODE0, VPAGE: LINE (BX, BY+42) -
(BX+40, BY+42) , PRESET: VPAGE-VPAGE
+1 : IF VP AGE >6 THEN VP AGE-2: PMODE0
, l:LINE(l, 10) -(40, 10) , PRESET
124 GOTO 102 _
FILMASTR
TIME & MONEY
A powerful DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM for the
COLOR COMPUTER. If you have been wanting a really
good data manager at a reasonable price, THIS IS IT!
FILMASTR combines the best features of the big
systems to provide a combination of speed, power, and
simplicity that can’t be beat.
CUSTOM SCREENS - Oesign input screens with up to
20 fields. Inverse labels for contrast.
FORM FILL ENTRY - Non-destructive blinking cursor,
full screen editing, no garbage collections, copy fields
from previous record. Keeps up with the fastest
typist.
FAST SORT & SEARCH - Machine language sorts the
entire file in seconds. Sort on any field or fields. Use a
variety of relational search techniques to select any
record or group of records that you can define.
EDIT FILES -Change or delete any record easily. Create
and save sub-files or append files.
PRINT FORMAT -Print any field in any order on any line.
Insert characters or phrases.
MENU DRIVEN - No special commands to be learned.
All functions are menu selected and aided by on
screen instructions.
CAPACITY - Up to 255 characters per record, 24000
characters per file. (9000 with 1BK)
DOCUMENTATION - A thorough manual with
examples and explanation of every command.
FILMASTR
16K or 32K
EXT BASIC
TAPE $29.95
□ ISC 34.95
A "WHAT IF?" financial planning tool. T & M is used to
evaluate the time value of money as an aid in planning
investments, savings plans, retirement plans, leases,
loans, mortgages or any other situations that involve
compound interest.
The program is menu driven with simple on-screen
instructions. It uses a unique form fill-in for data entry
with easy editing. It even accepts simple math expres-
sions as input.
Calculated results are automatically entered as data and
can be used for further "WHAT IF?" calculation. All
factors are always on screen, making it easy to
understand the relationship between TIME & MONEY.
TIME & MONEY
1 6K or 32K TAPE $19.95
EXT BASIC DISC 24.95
1 = 1 1=
i i £ Ls
COMPUTE
HOUSE
P (814)371-4658
BOX 1051
, DUBOIS PA, 15801
Add $2.00 Postage & Handling
PA Residents Add B°/o Tax
C.O.D. $2.00 Additional
July 1983 the RAINBOW 59
HOME HELP
O-
F
16K
ECB
■
the
• H *
RAINBOW
IT- -.V
D T ^
x i n □
3
B
7
B
B
+
3
1
a
i
a
1
J
i
1
— p-
[Xj
— 1*—
3
/
_i
f
ii
G R
c
H
n
WET
* [««it jii a
srasSHSa
i'Wi
Ik. L V J mm V
BY J. D. RAY
/
H ome Budget Analysis was developed for my use in
summarizing year-end income and expense informa-
tion for my household budget. This is the kind of
program 1 like to use with my Color Computer because it
demonstrates its extreme versatility. In the process of closing
out our household finances for 1982, 1 wanted to be able to
compare more visually certain categories and see how much
was spent on a month-by-month basis. 1 use th ^Personal
Finance program ROM pak developed by Tandy and its
biggest flaw is not being able to print out data with a printer
and demonstrate visually what is happening in the various
categories.
This program fills that void by allowing you to enter the
compiled information from the Personal Finance program
and send the information to a printer. Then you have the
option to see this data displayed on a high-resolution graph.
The program not only gives you a month-by-month summary,
but a year-end total and an average for the year. Please note
that you do not have to use the Personal Finance program to
compile information. Any process you use to compile your
home finances can be used to determine data for this program.
The best part of all of this is the program’s ability to graph
the information on a high-resolution graph. The grid is drawn
with line statements and labeled with alpha-numerics. Then
J-
in ii i a
60 the RAINBOW July 1983
COLOR COMPUTER FLEX* OS-9f USERS
DO YOU WANT faster
running programs (over
100 times faster than
BASIC)? A high level
language that is also a low
level language? A compiler
that runs in less than
32K? Assembly language
output? Position
independent code?
Extensive library
functions in source
assembly code? Periodic
newsletters with new
library functions? An aid
in learning assembly
language? Liberal version
updates?
C is the language of the
eighties; accepted by IBM
and Bell Labs for system
development: a compact,
highly versatile, easy to
use language, excellent
to use to build games,
applications, utilities,
operating systems, etc.
DUGGER’S GROWING functions (els, polcat,
SYSTEMS with over 21 floating point, etc.),
years of experience in
computing was first on the
market with a 6809 C
compiler. The compiler has
been extensively tested,
revised, and proven.
DUGGER’S GROWING
SYSTEMS C is a growing
subset of the standard C.
Version 1 contains all the
necessary C commands
(while, if, if else, int, char,
etc.). Version 2 contains
additional features (float,
long, for, goto, etc.).
AN EXTENSIVE
LIBRARY in assembly
language source is
provided (char, I/O,
formatted print,
filehandling, string
manipulating, etc.) Color
Computer version also has
additional functions which
use the BASIC ROM
ORDER NOW
(new low prices)
Color Computer C Compiler
Version 1.2 (disk version) . . $49.95
Flex C Compiler
Version 2.3 120.00
OS-9 C Compiler
Version 1.2
C Programming Language
by Kernighan & Ritchie
(a must) 19.95
Computerware
disk assembler 49.95
Computerware Scribe
(Disk editor-text formatter) .49.95
Shipping add $3.00
C.O.D. and Foreign handling
add 15%
MasterCard and Visa accepted.
DUGGER’S GROUUinGElSVSTEmS
Post Office Box 305 • Solana Beach
California 92075 • (619) 755-4373
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
Move up to
language compiler
’OS-9 is a trademark of Microware. Inc.
t FLEX is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants. Inc.
the data is plotted. Not only are monthly
figures shown, lid blue line indicates the
yearly average. Then, after you have
gone but a soto all the trouble to
compile and enter your data, you can
send it to a printer for a permanent
record. Please note that the printer
subroutine (lines 1495-1640) is optional
and can be deleted. The printer I use is
the marvelous DMP-200sold by Tandy
and the CH R$ codes used are labeled so
you can adapt to your own printer.
The high-resolution graph is actually
one graph with three available measur-
ing grids. When you compile your infor-
mation, you will need to decide which
range you will want to visualize. This is
important because, as you will discover,
the larger range you use, the more
difficult it is to compare small amounts
and small differences of the monthly
figures. For example, if you are compar-
ing figures that are less than $500, to
plot these figures on the 0-$ 10,000 grid
would be of little use. However, put
these figures on the 0-$ 1 ,000 grid or the
$400 to $600 grid and you really have
something that you can use.
Special Programming Techniques
This program has some interesting
programming techniques that 1 feel are
worth mentioning. These hints or sugges-
tions could be useful to any home
programmer who has to learn as 1 do —
THE HARD WAY!
Line 120 demonstrates a very easy
way to freeze a visual on your TV
monitor. The range of the FOR state-
ment determines how long your pro-
gram will stall. It is used here to display
the program credits.
Lines 290, 350, 630 and 1280 demon-
strate how you can keep a program
from crashing when you accidentally hit
a wrong key. When using INPUT lines,
you need to determine what specific
responses you want or need. List these
with the IF I THEN statements and use
the ELSE line with the reference back to
the IN KEYS line (see 630 and 1280).
Lines 360 and 470 demonstrate how
you can center a heading at the top of
your screen and by changing the PRINT
@ figure, you can center your heading
anywhere on the screen. I suppose 1 am
too fussy about my displays in that 1
want everything neat and systematical.
Centering those lines can really put
polish in your programs.
To Use
Change the items in line 150 to meet
your own needs. You need to use ten
items (or headings) or leave blank spaces
between commas. You could also
change line 1 60 to include the number of
headings you want to use. You need to
leave “review”as option #10 in the main
menu or change line 280. “Review”
allows you to return to see previously
entered data. IMPORTANT: Once you
enter new data in any category, all other
data will be lost! The “Review” option
can correct a mistaken key being pushed.
If you do not have a printer, you can
delete lines 630 and 1495-1640. You also
have to delete the second half of line
590. If you delete line 630, change line
620 to: If R$=“N”then 190 ELSE 600.
If you do not have a printer, I would
highly recommend you eliminate these
lines to prevent the program from hang-
ing up in the event “P” is typed. If you
plan to use a printer, the printer codes
are listed in the program lines so you
can adapt to your own printer. These
codes are for the DMP-200.
When you are prompted to select a
range for your input data, you will have
to select one of the following:
0 — $ 1,000 Range -1-
0 — $10,000 Range -2-
$400 — $600 Range -3-
Once you select a range, if you enter a
figure outside of this range, you will be
asked to re-enter the figure. Listen for
the beep and watch for the new prompt.
The purpose for the range figures is for
the high-resolution graph. If you do not
want to compare dollar figures, change
the A$ in line 460 and adjust the PRINT
USING statements in lines 1570 and
1610. You will also need to adjust lines
310, 320, 330 and 1350 to eliminate the
dollar signs.
When entering figures, you cannot
use commas to separate thousands or
you will get an “entry ignored” error
statement. Also, to enter a 0, just press
ENTER and you will be prompted for
the next month.
When the entered data is displayed,
you have three options, which are listed
on the screen:
Y — to see data on high-resolution graph
N — to return to Menu Listing for other
comparisons
(NOTE: All previously entered data
will be lost once you begin entering
new data. If you press “N”acciden
tally or choose to review previously
entered data, select option # 1 0 listed
as“REVIEW”and the old data will
bedisplayed. UsetheSHIFT,0key
to type “review” in reverse letters.)
P — sends list to printer (NOTE: You
will be prompted with a “PRINTER
READY?” Press ENTER to begin
the line feed.)
When the high-resolution graph is
used, you also have three options (“L”&
“R” are listed on screen under the word
“GRAPH”):
L — to return to the menu listing (see
NOTE above)
R — to return and REVIEW data listing
display
N — to END program
In case you are not familiar with
alpha-numerics, you need to under-
stand that on graphic screens
(PMODE14), you cannot use regular
type, thus you have to use DRA W
statements and actually draw the letters
and numbers on the high-resolution
screen. If you are using a small TV
monitor (I use a 19 inch Color TV), the
alpha-numerics may distort and be un-
readable. If this is the case for you, then
you’ll need to adjust the DRA W lines.
The letter or number being drawn is
indicated on each DRA W line.
The Program Summary
10— 120
Program Credits
130— 180
Data Statement, Read Line
185— 290
Menu Loop
295— 350
Range of Graph Selection
355_ 440
Data Input Loop for Range #2
445— 630
Data Display
635— 650
Line-Plot Formula
655—1020
General Graph Plot — Grid
1025—1130
Data Line-Plot
1135—1290
Average Line-Plot
1295—1310
Line Plot Formula for Range #1 & 3
1315—1380
Data Input Loop for Range #1 & 3
1385—1490
Graph Plot Change for Range #3
1495—1640
Printer Subroutine
1650—1670
Variable Map
62 (he RAINBOW July 1983
» F.NOICOTT SOFTWARE *
$0 ANNIVERSARY SPECIAL! $
We are 1 year old this month and to celebrate,
TAKE 15% OFF THE LIST PRICE OF EVERY ITEM WE SELL!
(Good Until July 10, 1983)
TAPE CAROUSEL JOYSTICKS
DEALER & CLUB INQUIRIES INVITED
$15.00 EACH
TWO OR MORE
$13.50 EACH
Hill
TWO FOR
$37.95
"In use, we found the ENDICOTT "...provided the best feel of all the
Holds up to 25 cassettes in individual compartments. Units are
stackable and revolve for easy access. Clear plastic sliding covers
keep tapes dust-free (tapes not included).
JOYSTICK to be smooth and respon- joysticks tested. ...(a) rugged unit at
sive. ...built to last, the Endicott an affordable price.”
model is a solid buy”. • BOmicro, March 1983
• the RAINBOW, October 1982
6 Month Warranty. No adaptor • plugs right in!
EXCELLENT PROGRAMS FROM LEADING SOFTWARE HOUSES
We now carry disk versions! (Requires 32K unless otherwise noted).
ELITE SOFTWARE
★ ZAKSUND Fantastic! $:
EUTE-CALC (16, 32, 64K) Spreadsheet $-
SPECTRAL ASSOCIATES
★ LANCER A Jousting good time.
★ MS. GOBBLER Gobbler's female counterpart. $;
WHIRLYBIRD RUN Great flying action. $;
GALAX ATTAX Excellent Galaxian $:
SPACE RACE Excellent Omega Race $:
PLANET INVASION Quick action Defender $;
•SPACE TRADERS Buy stock in universe $
companies to become the richest. Like Acquire.
‘COMPUVOICE A phoneme speech generation $:
program.
MARK DATA PRODUCTS
EL BANDITO Get the food and run. $;
GLAXXONS Excellent adaptation. $:
SPACE RAIDERS Not just another Invaders game. $:
CAVE HUNTER Grab the treasure and outrun the $:
creatures
HAYWIRE Will drive you BERZERK! $:
COMPUTERWARE
★ GRAN PRIX Test your driving skill. $!
★ MOON HOPPER Get to moon-base alive $:
BLOC HEAD Tricky action. $:
NERBLE FORCE Excellent Defender clone. $1
MEGAPEDE Most challenging version. $:
SHARK TREASURE Don't get eaten! $:
SPACE AMBUSH Action like Galaxian. $:
DOODLE BUG Like Ladybug $:
RAIL RUNNER Dodge trains and handcars $;
PAC ATTACK II Great gobbler. New graphics. $:
STORM A real Tempest! $:
COLOR INVADERS Like the original. $
SYNTHER ■ 7 Music synthesizer $:
TOM MIX
THE FROG $:
★ GRABBER $:
★ SPACE SHUTTLE Control the Space Shuttle $:
★ DONKEY KING 4 Screens - Full action! $:
★ COLOR GOLF Challenging! Uses full set of $
clubs.
TRAP FALL Many •‘Pitfalls" here! $:
•ESCAPE FROM S.P.E.C.T.R.E. Graphic Spy Adv. $
•KATERPILLAR ATTACK Look out for spiders! $:
•MOON LANDER 2 games in 1 $
THE FIXER Loads 600 hex programs to disk $
DISK TO TAPE Dump most disks to tape $
TAPE TO DISK Load most tapes to disk $
•SPELLING TEST Provides a standard oral quiz. $
COLORKIT Full of powerful software development
tools, aids, bells and whistles.
D
$26.95
$29.95
$29.95 (16K)
$29.95 "
$26.95 "
$26.95 ’
$26.95 *
$29.95 -
$26.95 "
$26.95 *
$29.95 *
$24.95 *
$26.95 *
ANTECO SOFTWARE
KATERPILLAR ATTACK
8-BALL (POOL) All balls shown. Full Cue control.
INTERGALACTIC FORCE Experience trench
warfare in your X-Wing fighter.
•HOUSEHOLD EXPENSE MANAGER Menu-driven
with 30 household categories. Screen or printer
output.
•STOCK ANALYZER AND TREND Track your
stocks. Disk compatible. Optional printer
output.
COGNITEC
TELEWRITER 64 (For 16, 32, or 64K)
THE word processor for the CoCo!
ROM PK
$26.95
$29.95
$29.95
PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
T D
SHAFT New arcade game $24.95 $29.95
•JUNGLE Adventure! $19.95 $24.95
THE DISK MANAGER A must! $29.95
THE DISK MASTER Excellent! $24.95
★ FLIGHT Realistic flight simulator $19.95 $24.95
★ 8-BIT BARTENDER Party fun 100 + recipes. $19.95 $24.95
•VIKING Go from peasant to King! $19.95 $24.95
•GANGBUSTERS Lead a life of crime and win! $19.95 $24.95
PANDORA'S GAME BOX Includes: "pac" game. $24.95 $29.95
"defender-type" game, Divebomb, Blockade,
slot machine, and Squares (like cube).
•PREREAD I, II & III (Three tapes) $24.95
Prepare your preschooler to learn to read
PETROCCI FREELANCE ASSOCIATES
T D
★ INSPECTOR CLUESEAU Find the murderer in $19.95
this excellent graphic adaptation of Clue.
•STAGECOACH Graphic Adventure $19.95
•STRESS EVALUATOR Measure and manage $24.95
your stress
Additional listings in our free catalog - call or write.
•Requires 16K Ext. Basic Minimum. ★ Requires 32K Ext. Basic Minimum.
Others 16K Std. Basic Minimum.
WE PAY SHIPPING!
Other companies ask you to ADD $1, $2, $3, or more for shipping
WE NEVER do to U.S.A., Canada, Mexico.
Add $2.00 for C.O.D. (U.S.A. Only). Allow 2 weeks for checks to clear.
SHIPPING-ALL OTHER COUNTRIES: Add $2.00 for each software item. Add
$3.00 for each Joystick, $10.00 for each carousel. Items will be shipped air mail.
ALL PAYMENTS MUST BE IN U.S. FUNDS.
ENDICOTT SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 12543, Huntsville, AL 35802
(205) 881-0506
PHONE OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK!
This program has been a lot of fun to develop and will
receive a lot of use in my home and business. This program
should be bug-proof, however, if you have any problems,
just contact me and 1 will try to help you. This program is
available on tape along with another like it to compare
various yearly figures. J. D. Ray, 5065 France Avenue,
North Charleston, SC 29406. My phone is 1-803-554-0627.
Home Budget Analysis is one of
three programs on the Rainbow
‘Record.’ See page 146.
The listing:
10 ’***HOME BUDGET ANALYSIS***
20 ’BY J. D. RAY
30 ’ 5065 FRANCE AVENUE
40 ’ N. CHARLESTON, S.C. 29406
50 ’ 1-803-554-0637
60 CLS5 : PR I NT@99 , STR I NG* ( 26 , " 7. " )
■
I
70 PR I NTS 1 3 1, "7.y. HOME BUDGET ANA
LYSIS 7.7."?
80 PRINT® 163, "7.7.
7.7."?
90 PR I NTS 195, "7.7. BY J. D. RA
Y 7.7."?
100 PRINT6227, "7.7. COPYRIGHT (C)
1983 7.7."?
Now a LOGO for the
COLOR COMPUTER
***TI NY TURTLE***
TINY TURTLE is an affordable,
fully compatible LOGO language
with high resolution turtle
graphics, music, fast processor
operation, and storing and
retrieval of user procedures.
TINY TURTLE comes complete with
soft-copy reference user manual.
3-2K/SXTD BASIC/CASSETTE $39.95
HARD-COPY MANUAL $4.95
SDS COMPUTERS BOGOTA, N.J.
POB 450 07603
N.J. ADD % TAX
Yf 295....
034D
490 ... .
05C0
640....
0896
820. .. .
0A77
980....
0CF9
1130 ..
0F12
1290 ..
113C
1400 ..
141C
1560 ..
1632
END ..
1918
1 10 PR I NT6259 , STRING* <26, ) ?
120 FOR T=1 TO 1200: NEXTT
130 DIM T ( 13)
140 DIM Q* (10)
145 ’INSERT YOUR OWN HEADING FOR
THE MENU LISTINB
150 DATA INCOME, ELECTRICAL USE
EXPENSE, TELEPHONE EXPENSE, MEDI
CAL EXPENSE, SAVINGS, CLOTHING E
XPENSE, GROCERY EXPENSE, MISCELL
ANEOUS, AUTOMOBILE EXPENSES, revi
ew
160 FORX=1TO10
170 READ Q* ( X)
180 NEXT X
185 ’MENU LOOP
190 CLS
200 PRINTS67, "WOULD YOU LIKE TO
COMPARE: "
210 L=1 30
220 FORX=1TO10
230 PRINT0L, X?Q*(X>
240 L-L+32
250 NEXT X
260 PRINT0460, " (1—10) "
270 INPUT X
280 IF X=10 THEN 460
290 IFX<0 OR X>10 THEN 270
295 ’VARIABLE SELECTION
300 CLS: PR I NT: PR I NT" ALL FIGURE
S ENTERED MUST BE:
310 PRINT: PRINT" 0 - * 1,000.
00 RANGE <1>"
320 PRINT" 0 - *10,000.00 RA
NGE <2>"
330 PRINT" *-400 - *600.00 RA
NGE <3>"
340 PRINT: INPUT "SELECT RANGE: "
;z
350 IF Z<1 OR Z >3 THEN 340
355 ’DATA INPUT LOOP
360 CLS : PR I NT@ 1 5— I NT ( LEN ( Q* ( X ) ) /
2) ,Q*(X)
370 T*=Q* ( X )
380 PRINT
390 IF Z=1 OR Z=3 THEN GOSUB 132
0
395 ’DATA INPUT LOOP FOR RANGE#2
400 FOR X=1 TO 12
410 PRINT "# "?X
420 INPUT "MONTH "?T(X>
430 IF T(X) >10000 THEN PRINT "AM
OUNT IS TOO HIGH. PL
EASE ENTER NUMBER < 10000" : SOUND
150, 1 : GOTO410
440 NEXT X
445 ’DATA DISPLAY
450 M=0
460 L=36 : P=48 : A*= " **## , ### . ## "
470 CLS: PRINT @ 15-INT (LEN (T*) /2
>,T*
64 the RAINBOW July 1983
GIVE YOUR CHILD
AN UNFAIR
ADVANTAGE
IN MATH
Help your child gain an advan-
tage by using one of our
classroom-tested programs in
number concepts, addition,
subtraction, multiplication,
division, fractions, decimals &
percent, pre-algebra, or one of
the 15 math games that teach.
For students in grades K through 9, on tape or disk. For
TDP and TRS-80 32K Color Computers with extended
basic. These professional-quality programs use high res-
olution graphics with text and sound. They have
been written by experienced teachers, tested and re-
vised to provide high-quality and highly motivating
instruction. And while you are asking, ask to see
our reading and language programs as well.
ASK FOR MICRO SCHOOL
PROGRAMS BY NAME at your
local computer store.
© 1982 Bertamax. Inc. • 101 Nickerson St.. ,f 202 • Seattle. WA 98109 • (206)282-6249
480 F0RX=1 TO 12
490 PRINTSL, "MONTH # ";X:PRINT@P
, USING A*;T(X)
500 L*L+32:P=P+32
510 NEXT X
520 T=T(1)+T(2)+T(3)+T(4)+T(5)+T
(6) +T (7) +T <8> +T <9) +T ( 10) +T ( 1 1 ) +T
( 12 )
530 PR I NT@4 16, "TOTAL: PRINT
USINGA*;T
540 T=T / 12
550 IF Z=1 THEN M= I NT ( T / 20 ) *3
560 IF Z=2 THEN M= I NT ( T / 200 ) *3
570 IF Z=3 THEN M=INT (T/20) *3
580 PR I NT0448 , " AVERAGE : " ; : PR I NT
usinga*;t
590 PRINTS437, "GRAPH? Y/N": PRINT
@469, "PRINT? <P>"
595 * SELECTION- (Y) TO SEE HIGH
RESOLUTION GRAPH; (N) TO RETURN
TO MENU; & (P) TO SEND DATA TO P
R INTER
600 R*=INKEY*:IF R*="" THEN 600
610 IF R*="Y" THEN 640
620 IF R*="N" THEN 190
630 IF R*="P" THEN 1500 ELSE 600
635 'LINE PLOT FORMULA FOR RANGE
640 A=INT <T ( 1 ) /200) *3: B=INT (T (2)
/200) *3: C=INT (T (3) /200) *3: D=INT (
SUPERIOR ORACLE SOFTWARE
PRESENTS
THE C C QUBE
A MAGIC CUBE SIMULATION FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
FEATURING:
• Easy to use commands
• Fast - uses machine language routines
• Random mixes
• Undo moves or random mixes
• See all 6 faces
• Save QUBE to tape for later reload
•Only S 14 95
Send Check or M.O. to:
SUPERIOR ORACLE SOFTWARE
PO Bo* 4505
Greenwich, Conn. 06830
Conn, residents add V iS sales tax
Shipping and handling included
Personal checks require
2 weeks to clear
No C O O.s
Requires 16K Extended Basic
T (4) /200) *3: E=INT <T (5) /200> *3: F=
INT (T (6) /200) *3: G=INT (T <7> /200> *
3: H=INT <T (8) /200)*3: I = INT <T (9) /2
00) *3: J=INT (T ( 10) /200)*3:K=INT (T
(11) /200)*3:L=INT(T<12) /200>*3:
650 IF Z=1 OR Z=3 THEN GOSUB 130
0
655 ’GENERAL GRAPH PLOT - GRID
660 CLS : PM0DE3 , 1 : COLOR 1,2: PCLS : S
CREEN1 , 0
670 FQRY=25T0 1 75STEP 1 5
680 LINE (35, Y>-(244, Y) , PSET
690 NEXT Y
700 COLOR 1,2
710 F0RX=35T0244 STEP 19
720 LINE(X,25)-(X, 175) , PSET
730 NEXT X
740 DRAW " S2 ; BM35 , 1 85U 1 0G3 " ’ 1
750 DRAW" BM56, 185L6U5R6U6L6" ’2
760 DRAW " BM7 1 , 1 85R8U 1 0L8R8D5L7R7
D5" ’3
770 DRAW"BM90, 184BU5U5D5R8U5D10"
’4
780 DRAW "BM 109, 185R9U6L9U5R9" ’5
790 DRAW "BM 128, 185U10R10L10D5R10
D6L10" ’6
800 DRAW " BM 1 48 , 1 85U5E6L8D 1 " ’7
810 DRAW "BM 166, 185U10R8D5L8R8D6L
8" ’8
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE
ForTRS80 Color Computer &TDP 100
PROGRAMERS TOOLKIT
6 USEFUL TOOLS FOR THE SERIOUS COMPUTER USER
CHAINRUN - Add a single line to a Basic program and
subsequent Basic programs load and run auto-
matically. Allows program chaining.
HEXEDIT - ML program which gives full screen edit
capability in Hexadecimal or ASCII for any RAM
address in memory. Can be used to patch ML routines
in memory.
DUMP- Displaysthe memory contents of ML programs.
CMERGE - ML subroutine which saves the trouble
of retyping long subroutines. Merge different Basic
programs into one large program.
CROSS REFERENCE - ML program which prints line
location of all variables and sorted cross reference
list for the source and destination for every GOSUB
and GOTO statement in a Basic program.
BASIC FULL SCREEN EDIT - ML program which will
give full screen edit capability for any Basic program.
Edit programs with cursor control.
16K $28.95 postage paid
includes 10 pages of Documentation.
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE
A DIVISION OF MORETON BAY LABORATORY
31 6 Castillo Street
Santa Barbara, CA 93101
(805) 962-3127
California residents add 6% sales tax.
Moreton Bay
Software
TRS 80 ® Tandy Corp.
66 the RAINBOW July 1983
820 DRAW " BM 1 89 , 1 85U 1 0L8D5R8 " ' 9
830 DRAW " BM203 , 1 85U 1 0G3 " : DRAW " BM
207, 185U10R8D10L8" ' 10
840 DRAW " BM223 , 1 85U 1 063 " : DRAW " BM
227, 185U 1063" 'll
850 DRAW " BM24 1 , 1 85U 1 063 " : DRAW " BM
249, 1 B5L8U5R8U6L8 " ' 12
860 IF Z=3 THEN 60T0 1390
870 DRAW " S3 ; BM20 , 1 75U 1 0R 1 0D 1 0L 1 0
» » 0
880 DRAW " BM25, 160U10G3" ' 1
890 DRAW"BM26, 145L8U4R8U6L8" '2
900 DRAW"BM27, 130U10L8R8D4L6R6D6
L8" '3
910 DRAW " BM25 ,11 5U 1 1 66R9 " '4
920 DRAW" BM20, 100R8U6L8U4R8" '5
930 DRAW " BM20 , 85U 1 0R8L8D5R8D6LB "
'6
940 DRAW " BM23 , 7 0U6E5L7 " '7
950 DRAW " BM20 , 55U 1 0R8D5L8R8D6L8 "
'8
960 DRAW " BM27 , 40U 1 0L8D5R8 " '9
970 DRAW " S2 ; BM 1 , 28U2E8U2BL8D2F8D
2 " : DRAW " S2 ; BM9 , 28U 1 063 " : DRAW " BM 1
2 , 28U 1 0R8D 1 0L8 " : DRAW " BM2 1 , 28U 1 0R
8D 1 0L8 " : I F Z =2THENDRAW " BM28 , 28U 1
0R8D10L8" 'X1000
980 DRAW " S5 ; BM80 , 1 5U 1 0R 1 0D2U2L 1 0
D10R10U4L4" '6
990 DRAW " BM 1 00 , 1 5U 1 0R 1 0D5L 1 0R5F5
11 7 R
1 000 DRAW " BM 1 20 , 1 5U5E5F5L 1 0R 1 0D5
.. , A
1010 DRAW "BM 140, 15U10R10D5L10D5"
'P
1 020 DRAW " BM 1 60 , 1 5U 1 0D5R 1 0U5D 1 0 "
'H
1025 'DAT A-LINE PLOT
1030 C0L0R4, 2
1040 V=175
1050 IF Z=3 THEN V=115
1060 LINE <35, V-A)-<54, V-B) ,PSET:
LINE - < 73 , V— C ) , PSET : L I NE— < 92 , V— D
) , PSET : L I NE— (111, V— E ) , PSET : L I NE—
< 130, V-F) , PSET: LINE- <149, V-G) , PS
ET: LINE- < 168, V-H) , PSET: LINE- <187
,V-I) , PSET: LINE- <206, V-J) , PSET: L
I NE- < 225 , V-K ) , PSET : L I NE- < 244 , V-L
) , PSET
1070 LINE (5, 10) — <10, 10) , PSET
1 080 DRAW " S2 ; BM 1 5 , 1 3U 1 0R6F4D5G3L
6" ' D
1 090 DRAW " BM25 , 1 3U5E5F5L 1 0R 1 0D5 »
: DRAW " BM4 1 , 1 3U5E5F5L 1 0R 1 0D5 " ' A
1100 DRAW"BM35, 13U8L5R8" 'T
1110 COLOR 3,2
1120 V=175
1130 IF Z=3 THEN V=115
1135 'AVERAGE-LINE PLOT
1140 LINE <35, V-M>-<244, V-M) , PSE
T
1150 LINE <205, 10) -<210, 10) , PSET
1160 DRAW " S2 J BM2 16,1 3U6E5F5L9R9D
6" 'A
1170 DRAW " BM227 , 1 3H5U5D5F5E5U5BD
10" 'V
1180 DRAW " BM233 , 1 3U8R8D 1 U 1 L8D8R8
U4L3R3D4" '6
1190 L I NE < 24 1 , 1 3 ) — < 242 ,13), PSET :
LINE <241, 12) -<242, 12) , PSET
1200 DRAW "Cl; BM 110, 23H5E5 " '<
1210 DRAW " BM 119, 23U 1 0D 1 0R6 " 'L
1 220 DRAW " BM 1 33 , 23U 1 0R9D5L9R3F6 "
'R
1230 DRAW " BM 1 45 , 23E5H5 " '>
1240 DRAW " BM 1 26 , 20L2 " '-
1245 ' SELECTION- <L) TO RETURN TO
MENU LIST; <R) TO REVIEW DATA E
NTERED; & (N) TO END PROGRAM.
1250 R*= I NKE Y * : I FR*= " “ THEN 1 250
1260 IF R*="L" THEN 190
1270 IF R*="R" THEN 460
1280 IF R*="N" THEN END ELSE 125
0
1290 END
1295 'LINE PLOT FORMULA FOR RANG
E# 1 & 3
1300 A«=INT(T<1)/20)*3:B-INT<T<2)
/20) *3: C=INT (T (3) /20) *3: D=INT <T <
O AUTOTERM
I TURNS YOUR COLOR COMPUTER INTO THE
< WORLD’S
SMARTEST TERMINAL!
= = YOU'LL ALSO USE AUTOTERM FOR SIMPLE
WORD PROCESSING & RECORD KEEPING.
V
EASY TO USE
ON-THE-SCREEN EDITING via cursor. Full prompting.
Scrolling. Key Beep & Error Beebop.
PLEASANTLY POWERFUL
Total communications ability at 110 to 1200 baud.
T ransmit text, graphics, BASIC and Machine Language.
Save & Load cassette/disk files while on line. Scan/Edit
current data while receiving more data. Use any modem.
Fully supports D. C. Hayes & others. Use any printer,
page size, margins, line spacing. Override narrow text
width of received data. Imbed printer controls.
TRULY AUTOMATIC
Automate almost any communications activity. Dial via
modem, sign-on, interract, sign-off. Perform an entire
session. Act as a message taker. Keystroke Multipliers
may include parameter changes, editing, time delays,
execution of other multipliers, looping, waiting for
partially specified responses, and branching based
upon alternative responses. Self-test mode.
32K MEMORY RECOMMENDED "* ! r™
CASSETTE $39.95 DISKETTE (coming soon) $49.95
Add $3 Shipping & Handling
MC/VISA/COD
PXE Computing
11 Vicksburg Lane
Richardson. TX 75080
Eves. & Weekends: 214/699-7273
Weekdays: MICRO CONCEPTS
214/458-0330
July 1983 the RAINBOW 67
4) /20) *3: E*INT <T (5) /20) *3: F-INT (
T<6) /20)*3:G=INT(T(7) /20)*3:H=IN
T<T<8)/20)*3: I-INT(T(9)/20)*3: J=
INT (T < 10) /20> *3: K-INT (T ( 1 1 ) /20> *
3: L*=INT (T (12) /20) *3
1310 RETURN
1315 ’ DATA INPUT LOOP FOR RANGE
1 & 3
1320 FOR X=1 TO 12
1330 PRINT "# X
1340 INPUT "MONTH "JT(X)
1345 IF Z=1 THEN GOTO 1360
1350 IF Z-3 AND T(X) <-450 OR T<
X) > 600 THEN PR I NT "AMOUNT IS OU
T OF RANGE. ": PR I NT "PLEASE ENTER
NUMBER BETWEEN " : PR I NT " *-400 .
00 - *600. 00": SOUND 150, 1: GOTO 1
330
1360 IF Z=1 AND T (X ) >1000 THEN P
R I NT "AMOUNT IS TOO HIGH. ": PRINT"
PLEASE ENTER NUMBER < 1000":SOUN
D 150,1: GOTO 1330
1370 NEXT X
1380 GOTO 460
1385 'GRAPH PLOT CHANGE FOR RANG
E #3
1 390 DRAW " S3 ; BM 1 5 , 1 70L3 " : DRAW " BM
25, 175U11G6R9" '-4
1 400 DRAW " BM 1 5 , 1 55L3 " : DRAW " BM27 ,
STOCK & FUND INVESTING
with the
TRS-SO* COLOR COMPUTER
USE FUJIDGR AF & PUMDF1LE
FUNDGRAF is a stock market analysis program
that not only graphs and analyzes funds or stocks,
but also makes decisions on when to BUY and SELL.
• GRAPHS fund's progress (up to 200 weeks).
• SUPERIMPOSES for comparison*
- a line of constant percent growth.
- a graph of any other fund (or stock).
• CALCULATES over any given time spam
- the percent price change.
- the moving average (any span).
• INDICATES BUY and SELL signals.
-FUNDGRAF -
TAPE @ $49.95
DISK @ $ 69.95
- fundfile -
DISK only @ $ 27.95
• ADD $2 Handling on
all orders.
• Details? SEND SASE
• 16 K ECB Requir'd.
-printer optional
FUNDFILE is a portfolio and account manage-
ment program for securities. It creates files for
up to 900 transactions & 50 securities and reports
asset value, realized & unrealized capital gains,
adjusted costs (for stock dividends), and MORE! I
PARSONS SOFTWARE DEPT A
118 WOODSHIRE DRIVE
PARKERSBURG, WV 26101
FUNDGRAF — FI STOCK
MARKET ANALYSIS
PROGRAM FOR 1 6K EX
[TRS — 60 COLOR COMPUTE
TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER -TM TANDY CORP
^ - 1 1 l I 1 1 1 I 1 I
1 60U 1 0L8R8D4L6R6D6L8 " ’ -3
1410 DRAWBM15, 1 40L3 “ : DRAW " BM26 ,
1 45L8U4R8U6L8 " '-2
1 420 DRAW " BM 1 5 , 1 25L3 " : DRAW " BM25 ,
130U10G3" '-1
1430 DRAW"BM20, 1 15U10R10D10L10"
'0
1440 DRAW"BM25, 100U10G3" ' 1
1450 DRAW " BM26 , 85L8U4R8U6L8 " '2
1 460 DRAW " BM27 , 70U 1 0L8R8D4L6R6D6
L8" '3
1470 DRAW " BM25 , 55U 1 1 G6R9 " '4
1480 DRAW"BM20, 40R8U6L8U4R8" '5
1490 GOTO 970
1495 'PRINTER SUB-ROUTINE
1500 PRINT @ 437, "PRINTER": PRINT
@ 469, "READY?": SOUND 160,2
1510 R*= INKEY*: IF R*="" THEN 151
0: IF R*=" " THEN GOTO 1520
1520 PR I NT #— 2 , CHR* ( 27 ) $ CHR* < 1 9 )
'SELECT STANDARD CHARACTER
1530 PR I NT #— 2 , CHR* (15) 'START UN
DERLINE
1540 PRINT#— 2, T*
1550 PR I NT #— 2 , CHR* (14) 'END UNDE
RLINE
1560 FOR X=1 TO 12
1570 PRINT #-2, USING"##. "J XJ :PRI
NT#— 2 , US I NG " **## , ### . ##" ; T (X)
1580 NEXT X
1590 PR I NT #— 2 , CHR* (10) ’ LINE FE
ED
1600 T=T(1)+T(2)+T(3)+T<4)+T(5)+
T ( 6 ) +T ( 7 ) +T ( 8 ) +T ( 9 ) +T (10) +T (11)+
T ( 12)
1610 PRINT#-2, "TOTAL: ";: PRINT
#-2 , US I NG " **## , ### . ##" ; T
1620 T=T / 12
1630 PRINT#— 2, "AVERAGE: ";:PRIN
T #-2, USING"**##, ###.##" ;T
1640 GOTO 590
1650 'VARIABLE MAP:
1651 ' T < X ) - INPUT DATA FOR MONT
HS OF YEAR OR 12 PERIODS OF TIME
1652 ' Q* < X ) - MENU SELECTION
1653 ' Z - RANGE OF INPUT DATA
1654 ' T*- HEADINGS FROM MENU
1655 ' T - TOTAL OF T(X)'S AND A
VERAGE
1656 ’ M - VARIABLE FOR AVERAGE
LINE PLOT
1657 ' A-L - VARIABLES FOR THE 1
2 MONTHS OR TWELVE PERIODS
1658 ' R* - SELECTION STRING:
1659 ' Y - YES
1660 ' N - NO (END)
1661 ' P - PRINTER
1662 ' L - RETURN TO MENU LIST
1663 ' R - REVIEW
1670 'MEMORY AVAILABLE - 2107
68 the RAINBOW
July 1983
PETROCCI FREELANCE ASSOCIATES
(H
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT: Computer Software
Documentation / Graphics / Consultation
Sw c ‘
Inspector CLUEseau
Sherlock Holmes/Agatha Christie fans-lt's finally here— A murder
mystery game for the 80-C! Mr. Goodbody has been killed in his
mansion and you must solve the mystery. WHO committed the
murder, WHERE did it occur and HOW was it done! Question
suspects, find the secret passage, and break the code to get clues.
Hi-Res graphics enhances this excellent game. The computer
records the clues you obtain on a clue inventory screen and also
provides suspect descriptions at the touch of a finger. A fast, fun
game that will sharpen your deductive skills. Every game is
different!
32K Extended $19.95
Stress Evaluator
Assess your present level of stress and how it affects your
potential for illness. Evaluate the amount of life change you can
effectively handle in the future. The Stress Evaluator is a valuable
tool for recognizing, measuring and managing stress. The
program also provides a Coping Ability Test which shows your
ability to handle stress in general. Provides goal setting exercises
and meditation graphic screens to help achieve stress-alleviating
goals. All results output to printer.
16K Extended $24.95
Weather Watch
If you really care about the weather, this program is for you. Three
programs provide you with National Weather Service approved
statistics in a monthly report format. Input of daily high and low
temp, and rainfall outputs a report of monthly average temps, and
range; high and low averages; high and low temp, for month; total
rainfall; days rain > .1 in.; heating and cooling degree days; days
high > 90; days low < 32; days low temp. < 32 and > 0; days low <
0; day of highest range. Also retrieves a single day from data file
for review. All data outputs to printer. Well documented.
16K Extended $24.95
Forecaster & Weather Watch (Disk)
Forecast general weather conditions with 80% accuracy with this
fun, simple to use program. Although not meant to replace
National Weather Service forecasts, this program is informative
and enjoyable to use. You can even create your own weather by
setting the variables!! Provides general forecast including pre-
cipitation probabilities. Includes Weather Watch program also all
on one easy to use disk.
32K Extended Disk $49.95
Include $1.50 for handling for each program.
Az. Residents add 6% Sales T ax.
Quantity Discounts to Dealers.
CIS subscribers contact through EMAIL 70435,754
[PEJROCCI freelance associates
*\\. 651 N. Houghton Rd.
AZ. 85748
, >602-296-1041
Stagecoach
Enter the Wild West Days as you try to carry gold across the
desert in a stagecoach. Hot in pursuit are the James Gang and of
course, Indians!! To make matters worse you are responsible for
the safe journey of Annabelle, the judge’s daughter. Hi-Res
graphic screen plots your progress. Lots of fun surprises await
you in this game -shootouts, kidnappings and more. Don't miss
the fun!
16 K Extended $19.95
Heart-Lung-Circulatory Systems
Hl-Res Graphic Education
A difficult subject becomes fun and easy to learn. Programmed
learning approach divides subject content into concise frames j
of information. Hi-res graphic display with labelled anatomical
structures follows text frames for added clarity. Visually high-
lights keywords and concepts. Self test questions follow each
section. Provides immediate feedback to user response and !
displays correct answers before moving to new subject matter.
Excellent for school or home use.
32KEXT Cassette $34 95 I.‘
32KEXT Disk $39,95 jt
Bowling Secretary
Save hours of tedious work with this efficient program. Calcu-
lates individual player average, high game and total pins, as
well as team games won/lost, high series, and cumulative total
team pins. Also calculates team standings for each week in
order from 1st to last! All data stores to tape and outputs to
printer to provide professional, easy to read copy. After initial
input of league and player names all you have to do is input
each week's scores - the computer does the rest!!
16KEXT Cassette $24.95
32KEXT Disk $29.95
Astrology Chart Print
A Must for the Serious Astrologer
Bothered by not having a professional easy to read hard copy
of your chart? Want to see comparison charts around the Natal
Chart? Look no more! Input of planetary positions and house
cusps outputs a 6"x5" graphic printout of chart and will also
plot a comparison chart (transit, progressed or compatibility)
around perimeter of the natal chart. NOT A SCREEN DUMP
ROUTINE. The program uses dot addressable graphics to
draw chart with accurate planetary positioning. Top of form
lists Name, Birthdate, Birthtime, Birthplace from user input.
Accomodates Placidean, Equal House or Modified Equal
House. AVAILABLE NOW FOR EPSON MX80 with Graftrax.
32KEXT Cassette $21.95
Medical Terminology
If you’ve ever wondered what your doctor was talking about,
this program can help! Includes most common terminology as
well as abbreviations used in hospital charting. Menu Driven
-allows choice of study, definition readout or self test. Study
suffix, prefix or abbreviation in alphabetical groups. Input
prefix, suffix or abbreviation and computer reads out definition
(not meant to be an all inclusive dictionary). Provides multiple
choice self tests with immediate reinforcement and correct
answer displayed. Suffix/Prefix on one program. Abbreviations
on 2nd Program. Both included.
16KEXT Cassette $19.95
Software Review
New EPROM Programmer
Is Impressive And Affordable
How would you like to have your favorite monitor or
other machine language programs on instant recall, pro-
tected against resets and other inevitable bombouts? 1 guess
at one time or another any computer hobbyist has wished
for an EPROM progrmmer but the outlay of several
hundred dollars didn’t seem worthwhile. A commercial
EPROM burner can cost from $500-$ 1000, with personality
modules and a Radio Shack 232 interface as extras. Intron-
ics has come to our rescue. Now for less than $90 you can
buy an EPROM Programmer that, in my opinion, is better
than the expensive models. How about you brave souls who
have been thinking about changing some of the routines in
the Extended BASIC ROMS?
Intronics EPROM Programmer is a TRS-80 compatible
board that plugs into the expansion port. The 4” x 4i4”
circuit is not in a housing since you need access to the
low-insertion force socket on the board. Also, the board
contains a power-on indicator and an off/ on switch along
with the necessary ICs. A 24 volt DC to DC converter is
self-contained as this voltage is necessary for programming.
I am very pleased with the appearance of the circuit board
and construction. By the way, the EPROM socket has 28
pins for future state of the art changes. Different EPROMs
are selected by means of a personality module. Five modules
come with the unit and cover the normal range of EPROMs
from 1 to 8K.. Other personality modules are available for $5
each, such as a 68764, the EPROM replacement for the
BASIC ROM.
Software for the programmer is supplied on cassette tape
and uses addresses $2000-$3FFF for program memory.
Commands are as follows:
ERASED — Checks for $FF in all EPROM memory loca-
tions, the normal erased state.
PROGRAM — Memory from the buffer is programmed
into the EPROM.
VERIFY — Compare the data in the EPROM and in the
memory buffer.
SLIDE ROM — Moves the data from the EPROM to the
memory buffer.
SLIDE MEMORY — Moves memory from one location to
another.
EXAMINE/CHANGE MEMORY — Modify buffer, or
other memory.
RETURN TO BASIC — Return to BASIC.
The menu is well prompted and user friendly. All of the
functions worked flawlessly. The memory examine/ change
command could use a few bells and whistles, but works as
intended. The beauty of this system is in the fact that any
program that will load into the CoCo can be moved into the
buffer, modified if necessary, and burnt into an EPROM.
As you can tell I was impressed by the EPROM Pro-
grammer, especially after using units that cost ten times as
much and having to manipulate disk files, edit programs,
etc., just to enter data into the programmer. I tried assem-
bling a program in memory, moving it to the buffer, and
burning an EPROM. Each step worked without a hitch. The
documentation leaves a little bit to be desired but due to
prompts in the software it is adequate. 1 would suggest that
instructions be included for the uninitiated to explain how
to modify a ROM pack to accept different EPROMs, and
for that matter, a short explanation of the different types. I
would recommend this unit for both hobby and commercial
use. You may be better off buying a CoCo and this unit than
a Pro-Log — it certainly would be cheaper.
(Intronics, P.O. Box 13723, Edwardsville, KS 66113, $85)
—Dan Downard
Submitting Material
To the Rainbow
Contributions to the RAIN BOW are welcome from everyone.
We like to run a variety of programs which will be useful/ helpful/ -
fun for other CoCo owners.
Program submissions must be on tape or disk and it is best to
make several saves, at least one of them in ASCII format. We’re
sorry, but we do not have time to key in programs. All programs
should be supported by some editorial commentary, explaining
how the program works. We’re much more interested in how your
submission works and runs than how you developed it. Programs
should be learning experiences.
We do pay for submissions, based on a number of criteria. Those
wishing remuneration should so state when making submissions.
For the benefit of those who wish more detailed infor-mation on
making submissions, please send a SASE to: Submissions Editor,
the RAIN BOW, P.O. Box 209, Prospect, K.Y 40059. We will send
you some more comprehensive guidelines.
Please do not submit programs or articles currently submitted to
another publication.
DISK UTILITY
Disk Operator Reveals
Powerful New Routines
By Roger Schrag
R adio Shack thoughtfully included a technical infor-
mation section in their Color Computer disk system
manual. This section was designed for machine lan-
guage programmers who wanted to incorporate disk I/O
into their programs.
Unfortunately, the information provided is in most cases
perfectly useless. The one routine within the disk ROM that
they show you how to use will merely read or write an
individual sector on the diskette. The programmer must
write his own routines to locate a file on the diskette, allocate
disk space, create new files, delete old files, shut off the disk
drive motor when it is not in use. ..and the list of responsibili-
ties left for the poor programmer to take care of goes on and
on.
Code
Abbr
Description
19
AO
File already open
20
DN
Bad device or drive number
21
IO
Input/output error
22
FM
Bad file mode
23
NO
File not open
24
IE
Input past end of file
27
NE
File not found
29
DF
Disk space full
30
OB
Out of buffer space
31
WP
Diskette write protected
32
FN
Bad filename
33
FS
Bad file structure
37
VF
Verification error
Table 1: Error Codes
What I would like to present here is a program that will
perform a potpourri of disk-oriented operations. I have
carefully scrutinized the disk ROM, and come up with some
powerful routines that Radio Shack never told you about.
The program contains seven routines that are analogous to
the BASIC statements Files, Open, Close, Print#, Input#,
Kill and Verify. Each routine does a complete job. Your
program will need to do a minimal amount of work, such as
supplying a filename or device number.
Please have a thorough understanding of the BASIC
statements mentioned above before proceeding onward.
Also please note that only the sequential input and output
modes are supported; the direct access mode is not sup-
ported. Neither is cassette I/O. I hope to cover both of these
topics in a future article.
$000
Basic program
$OFF
Basic program in ASCII format
$IOO
Data stored in binary
$ 1 FF
Data stored in ASCII
$200
Machine language program
$300
Text stored in binary
$3FF
Text stored in ASCII
Table 2: File Types
Cassette $19.95 Disk $24.95
Send check or money order to:
COCOHUT
P. O. Box 24451
Houston, TX 77015
RAINBOW
cwrmcATKjM
SUl
July 1983 the RAINBOW 71
The source code shown in Listing 1 may be appended onto
your program to give it disk I/O capabilities. Now let’s look
at each of the seven routines and see how they are used.
The Files routine organizes the disk system’s area of
memory by dividing it into smaller segments called buffers.
Each buffer is 281 bytes, and is used by the disk system to
work with a file while it is open.
For this many
Don’t use any
buffers
memory below
0
$OBA2
1
$OCBB
2
$ODD4
3
$OEED
4
$1006
5
IMF
6
$1238
7
1351
8
146 A
9
1583
10
$I69C
11
I7B5
12
$I8CE
Table 3: Reserved Memory
You should use the Files routine at the beginning of your
program in order to initialize and organize the disk system’s
memory. Decide on the maximum number of files you will
want to have open at any given time; this is the number of
buffers you will need. Put this figure into the B register and
call the Files routine. Be sure that the buffer area won’t
overlap your program. Table 3 lists the boundary lines. This
example would allocate space for six files, thus allowing
your program to use device numbers of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6:
LDB #$6 WE WANT SIX BUFFERS
JSR FILES GO SET UP MEMORY
The Open routine works in much the same way that the
BASIC statement works. You will need to prepare the X,Y,
A, and B registers with certain data before calling the rou-
tine. The X register must be loaded with the starting address
of where in memory the filename is stored. Any filename
that is valid in BASIC is valid here. Don’t put quotes around
the name, and if you don’t specify an extension, then none
will be used. Place a zero or SOD (ASCII code for a carriage
return) after the last character in the filename, so that the
routine will be able to tell how many characters long the
name is.
Next, the Y register must be loaded with the file type. A
list of file types is shown in Table 2. A file’s type will appear
in a directory generated by the DIR statement from BASIC.
The A register must be loaded with the mode you would
like to use. Use $49 (ASCII code for I) for the input mode,
and $4F (ASCII code for O) for the output mode. Finally,
you will need to load the B register with the device number
you wish to assign to this file. Be sure that you have set aside
enough buffer space with the Files routine.
When you have all four registers set up properly, you are
™TRS80 color
From the January 1981 issue ol the CSRA Computer
Club newsletter:
There was some amusement at the Novem-
ber meeting when the Radio Shack repre-
sentatives stated that the software in the
ROM cartridges could not be copied. This
month's 68 Micro Journal reported they had
disassembled the programs on ROM by
covering some of the connector pins with
tape. They promise details next month. Never
tell a hobbyist something can't be done! This
magazine seems to be the only source so far
of technical informations on the TRS-80 color
computer" 3 . Devoted to SS-50 6800 and
6809 machines up to now, 68 Micro Journal
plans to include the TRS-80 6809 unit in
future issues.
NOTE: This and other interesting and needed articles
for the Radio Shack TRS-80 color computer - are being
included monthly in 68 Micro Journal— The Largest
specialty computer magazine in the world!
68 MICRO JOURNAL
5900 Cassandra Smith Road
Hixson, Tennessee 37343
615 842-4600
Subscription Rates
USA: 1-year S24.50; 2-year $42.50; 3-year $64.50
CANADA and MEXICO: Add $5.50 per year to USA Price
Foreign Surface: Add $12.00 per year to USA Price
Foreign AIRMAIL: Add $36.00 per year to USA Price
** Sample issue - $3.50
68 Micro Journal" was established with one objective In
mind; to provide a Magazine FOR 68xx Users BY 68xx
Users. Because of a strict advertiser policy, 68 Micro
Journal" has gained a strong following WORLDWIDE
because the reader KNOWS what he is getting when
purchasing from a 68 Micro Journal* Advertiser. It has
gained a strong User following because most of the
material published Is contributed BY USERS, and,
therefore. Is relevant to the Users needs.
Currently, and even before the Color Computer" hit the
stores, 68 Micro Journal" was devoting more space to
the TRS-80C Color Computer" and information concerning
the Motorola 6809 (which is the CPU in the Color
Computer") than ANY OTHER Computer Magazine . Examples
include:
REVIEWS of the three major Disk Control Systems for
the Color Computer", most of the Monitors,
Assemblers, and Disassemblers, Word Processors and
Editors, "Terminal" Programs (for use with Modems,
Communications with other Computers, etc.), and of
course. Games.
HINTS for Expanding Memory, Power Supply Cooling, re-
pairing sticky keyboards, disabling the ROM PAK 'Take
Over", hooking up to Printers, etc.
DISCUSSIONS of the 6883 Synchronous Address
Multiplexer, using the Color Computer" with 64K and
96K memory (which it is ALREADY capable of handling),
thoughts on Programming, etc.
I suggest that you subscribe to 68 Micro Journal", SOON,
as many back issues are sold-out.
We still, and will continue to, lead in the type
information you need to FULLY UTILIZE the POWER of the
6809 In the R^dio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer".
Bob Nay tC'
Color Computer Editor
72 the RAINBOW July 1983
ready to call the Open routine to open the file. This example
will open an ASCII data file for output. The filename will be
CHECKS/ DAT:I, and device number two will be used.
Note that the quote marks are used here as delimiters for the
FCC instruction:
LDX #NAME
LDY #$IFF
LDA #$4F
LDB #$2
JSR OPEN
JMP MORE
NAME FCC “CHECK
FCB $0
ADDRESS OF FILENAME
FILE TYPE: ASCII DATA
OUTPUT MODE
USE DEVICE NUMBER
TWO
GO OPEN THE FILE
PROGRAM CONTINUES...
/ DAT:I”
TERMINATOR
The Close routine will close a particular file and update
the diskette f necessary. To close a file, load the device
number into the B register and call the Close routine. Note
that no error will occur if you try to close an already closed
file. This example will close device number three:
LDB #$ 3 DEVICENUMBERTHREE
JSR CLOSE GO CLOSE THE FILE
The Print routine will write a byte of data to a file which is
open in the output mode. To use the routine, put the device
number of the file you wish to write to in the B register, and
the ASCII code of the character you wish to write in the A
register. Then call the Print routine. Note that this routine
will only write to one character at a time; you will need a
simple loop to write groups of characters, or entire mes-
sages. This example will write the message “Accounts paya-
ble” to device number one:
LDX
#MESAGE
START OF MESSAGE
LOOP
LDA
TSTA
>x+
GET CHARACTER
CHECK FOR END
BEQ
MORE
GO ON IF ALL DONE
LDB
#$I
TO DEVICE NUMBER
ONE
JSR
PRINT
GO WRITE CHARACTER
BRA
LOOP
LOOP BACK FOR AN-
OTHER
MESAGE
FCC
“ACCOUNTS PAYABLE”
FCB
$o
TERMINATOR
The Input routine will read a byte of data from a file open
in the input mode. To use the routine, place the device
number of the file you wish to read from into the B register
and call the Input routine. The A register will now contain
the ASCII code of the character read from the file. Note
that, once again, you will need a simple loop to deal with
entire groups of characters. This example will read a charac-
ter from device number four and display it in the upper left
corner of the screen:
LDB #$4 FROM DEVICE NUMBER
FOUR
JSR INPUT READ A CHARACTER
STA $400 DISPLAY ON SCREEN
The Kill routine will delete a file from the directory and
***********************************
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 73
free up any diskette space that was allocated to it. To kill a
file, load the X register with the address of the filename and
call the Kill routine. This example will delete a file named
STOCKS/ FEB:
LDX #NAME ADDRESS OF FILENAME
JSR KILL DELETE THE FILE
JMP MORE PROGRAM CONTINUES
NAME FCC “STOCKS/ FEB”
FCB SO TERMINATOR
The Verify routine will either activate or deactivate the
verification system. With this system turned on, the disk
system will automatically verify all write
operations. To use the routine, load the status code into the
B register and call the Verify routine. One means on, zero
means off. This example will turn the verification system on:
LDB #$1 ONE MEANS TURN IT ON
JSR VERIFY ACTIVATE VERIFY SYS-
TEM
Each of the seven routines will handle reasonable error
conditions — such as a write protected diskette, an improp-
erly mounted diskette, or a file not found in the directory.
However, the routines are not thoroughly bomb-proof. If,
for example, you try to write data to device number 47,
strange things will surely happen.
After calling a routine, the B register will contain zero and
the Z flag in the condition code register will be set if the
operation was performed successfully. If an error has
occurred, then the Z flag will be reset, and the value in the B
register will be the error code. Table 1 contains a listing of
various error codes. This program uses the error vector at
SI8E to handle error conditions. However, no problems
should arise if your program also uses this vector, unless you
are working with interrupt driven software.
The routines will preserve all registers except for B and
CC. The one exception to this rule is the Input routine which
will replace the previous contents of the A register with the
ASCII code of the character read in from the file. Note that
your program may redefine the Direct Page register. The
register will be temporarily reset to zero so that the ROM
routines will function properly, and then it will be reset to its
previous value.
If you don’t specify a drive number in the filename, drive
zero will be used as the default. To change the default, store
the desired drive number at memory location $95A. This
example will make drive one the default drive:
LDB #$1 SELECT DRIVE ONE
STB $95A AS THE DEFAULT DRIVE
Also remember that interrupts must be enabled whenever
the disk system is being used. Otherwise, the disk drive
motor will not shut off after two seconds
of non-use. Most of the routines will automatically enable
interrupts.
Listing 2 is a demonstration program, showing how the
seven routines may be used. The program will allow you to
type words on the screen. Press the Break key when you are
done. The computer will now save the contents of the screen
to disk under the name of DEMO/ DAT. When you press
Break again, the image will be loaded back in and put on the
screen backwards. Press Break again, and the file DEMO/-
DAT will be killed and you will be returned to BASIC. Of
course, this program has no real applications, but it does
show the essential techniques for using the seven routines. I
have included lots of comments to make it easier to
understand.
If you have any questions, comments, or requests for
future article topics, feel free to drop me a line at 2054
Manning Avenue, Los Angeles, Calif., 90025. Please include
a self-addressed, stamped
envelope. The source code for both listings is available from
the author for five dollars at the above address. I’ll supply it
on tape to ease mailing, but it is readily transferable to disk.
Good luck, and may you input a character for each that
you output.
(Roger Schrag, a highschool senior, enjoys working
with the CoCo and writing for the Rainbow. He also
designs and translates programs for Adventure
International.)
Listing 1
62000 *****************************
62010 * MACHINE LANGUAGE DISK I/O *
62020 *****************************
62030 *
62040 * VERSION 1.0 - MARCH 1, 1983
62050 *
62060 * ROGER SCHRAG
62070 * 2054 MANNING AVENUE
62080 * LOS ANGELES, CA 90025
62090 *
62100 *
62110 *THIS CODE IS INTENDED TO BE
62120 * APPENDED ON TO YOUR OWN
62130 * PROGRAM, SO YOU MUST SUPPLY
62140 *THE ORG STATEMENT. IT MAY
62150 *RESIDE ANYWHERE IN RAM
o
□
Ifejj
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16K EXT. COLOR BASIC &
PRINTER REQUIRED
WORD 8EARCH PUZZLE MAKER
STANDARD
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boftware sequence drill
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74 the RAINBOW July 1983
J'ftware
AUTO DUN d<? o ©
Auto Run is a utility program for the TRS-80*
Extended Basic Color Computer. It is used to add
convenience and professionalism to your software.
Auto Run will help you create your title screen
with the graphics editor. The graphics editor allows
you to choose a background color and border style.
Using the arrow keys and several other commands
you can draw pictures, block letters and also include
text.
Auto Run will generate a machine language load-
er program to preceed your program on the tape.
Then, to start up your program, simply type
CLOADM to load in the Auto Run loader program,
which will then automatically start itself up, display
your title screen, load your program and then RUN
or EXEC it.
Also you may record a vocal or musical introduc-
tion preceding your program. The Auto Run loader
will control the audio on/off.
Basic programs can be set to load anywhere in
memory above $600 (the PCLEAR 0 page).
Software authors: The Auto Run prefix may be
appended to your software products.
Auto Run is $14.95 and includes complete docu-
mentation and an assembly source listing.
Requires 16K Extended Basic.
Galactic Hangman
nil tm
FREE
u u n k
A great new twist to the popular, educational word
guessing game for the Color Computer. Large (700
words) and sophisticated vocabulary. Or enter your
own words, your child’s spelling list, foreign
language vocabulary, etc.
Outstanding high resolution graphics, animation
and sound effects.
For $14.95 you get both the 16K and 32K versions
of Galactic Hangman.
1 Tape Information
Management System
A user-oriented, easy to use personal database
management system for the TRS-80* Color Com-
puter with these outstanding features:
'keeps files of programs, names, addresses, birth-
days, recipes, class or club rosters, anything
'variable record and field lengths
'phrase substitution editor
'up to 8 user-definable fields
* ML sort (up to 3 fields), search and delete functions
*2 search modes — range and item
'user-definable printer format, for any printer
'up to 230 characters per record
For $24.95 you get the database management
system, our full documentation which includes a
reference guide and a programmer’s guide, and our
1981 Bibliography of articles relating to the Color
Computer. Requires 16K Extended Basic. 32K
recommended.
1982 TIMS Bibliography — $9.95
SAl
S\nt ;t\
( ter" TMM* \
\® T
loaoo qooOQ
A sensational and educational version of a popular
party game for the TRS-80* Color Computer . . .
For 1 to 10 players. Load a story into the com-
puter. The players are asked to supply a noun, verb,
part of body, celebrity, etc. which the program uses
to complete the story. The story, which is displayed
when all words are entered, will be hilarious. Silly
Syntax requires 16K Extended Basic (32K for disk
version). For $19.95, you get a user guide and a
tape containing the Silly Syntax game and 2 stories.
You can create your own stories or order story tapes
from the selection below.
Silly Syntax stories — Ten stories per tape.
SS-001 - Fairy Tales SS-004 - Current Events
SS-002 - Sing Along SS-006 - Adventure/Sci-Fi
SS-003 - X-Rated SS-007 - Potpourri
Each story tape is $9.95. 10% off for 3 or more story
tapes. Disk is $24.95 for Silly Syntax and 2 stories or
$49.95 for Silly Syntax and all 62 stories.
RAINBOW
CfAtlfCATlOH
MAI
*TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp.
SUGAR SOFTWARE
2153 Leah Lane
Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068
(614) 861-0565
CIS orders EMAIL to 70405, 1374
Add $1 .00 per tape or disk for
postage and handling. Ohio-
ans add 5.5% sales tax. COD
orders are welcome. Dealer
inquiries invited.
62160
*
62580
*
62170
*
62590
♦ROUTINE TO CLOSE A FILE
62180
SAVE
FCB
$0
3 BYTE STORAGE
62600
« B-DEVICE
NUMBER
62190
FCB
so
AREA FOR THE
62610
*
62200
FCB
so
ERROR VECTOR
62620
CLOSE LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
62210
STACK
FCB
so
2 BYTE STORAGE
62630
STB
*6F
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
62220
FCB
so
AREA FOR STACK POINTER
62640
JSR
*CA53
80 CLOSE FILE
62230
#
62650
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
62240
*
62660
*
62250
♦ ROUTINE TO :
INITIALIZE
D I st:
62670
*
62260
* SYSTEM’S MEMORY
62680
♦ROUTINE TO WRITE TO A
FILE
62270
* B :
=NUMBER
OF
BUFFERS
62690
* A=CHARACTER TO WRITE
62280
*
62700
* B=DEVICE
NUMBER
62290
FILES
LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
62710
*
62300
PSHS
B
SAVE it OF BUFFERS
62720
PRINT LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
62310
JSR
SCA3B
CLOSE ALL FILES
62730
STB
*6F
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
62320
PULS
B
RESTORE # OF BUFFERS
62740
JSR
*A2B2
WRITE CHARACTER
62330
STB
S95B
STORE tt OF FILES
62750
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
62340
LDU
#S928
START OF DUFFER TABLE
62760
*
62350
l_DX
#*989
START OF BUFFER AREA
62770
*
62360
DQBUF
CL.R
, x
CLEAR STATUS FLAG
62780
♦ROUTINE TO READ A CHARACTER
62370
STX
PUT ENTRY IN TABLE
62790
♦FROM A FILE
62380
LEAX
S 1 1 9 , X
GO TO NEXT BUFFER
62800
♦ B=DEVICE
NUMBER
62390
DECB
DECREMENT COUNT
62810
♦ A RETURNS WITH INPUT CHARACTER
62400
BH I
DOBUF
LOOP BACK UNTIL DONE
62820
*
62410
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
62B30
INPUT LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
62420
*
62840
STB
46F
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
62430
*
62850
JSR
*A176
GO INPUT CHARACTER
62440
* ROUTINE TO OPEN A FILE
62860
STA
,s
PUT IT ON STACK
62450
* X
=ADDR OF FILENAME
62870
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
62460
* Y
=F I LE TYPE
62880
*
62470
* A
=F I L.E MODE
62890
*
62480
* B
=DEV I CE
NUMBER
62900
♦ROUTINE TO KILL A FILE
62490
*
62910
♦ X=ADDR OF FILENAME
62500
□PEN
LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
62920
♦
625 1 0
STY
S957
STORE TYPE
62930
KILL LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
62520
PSHS
D
SAVE MODE S< DEVICE
62940
LBSR
FNAME
PROCESS FILENAME
62530
LBSR
FNAME
PROCESS FILENAME
62950
JSR
*C6C5
GO KILL FILE
62540
PULS
D
RESTORE MODE S< DEVICE
62960
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
62550
JSR
SC468
GO OPEN FILE
62970
♦
62560
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
629B0
♦
62570
*
62990
♦ROUTINE TO I
ACTIVATE/DEACTIVE
ENTER THE FASCINATING WORLD OF
GAME WRITER™
A SIMPLE TO USE PROGRAM FOR YOUR COLOR COMPUTER
For writing super-action video games with
motion and sound
For creating high resolution animated
graphics scenes
For experimenting with color, shapes,
motion and sound
For amateur or professional cartooning or
commercial game authoring
For the absolute beginner and for the
expert programmer
GAME WRITER is a programming language with all the
features you need to write great VIDEO GAMES. It includes a
built-in screen oriented text editor, high resolution color
graphics support, any number of player-shapes (SPRITES), a
shape pattern editor, full TURTLE GRAPHICS, sound effects,
support for joy sticks and much, much more. Each player-
shape can be given a program to run which tells it what to do.
All the player programs run simultaneously to create fan-
tastic game effects. GAME WRITER IS GUARANTEED EASY
TO USE. Even if you have never written a program of any kind
you will amaze your family, your friends and yourself with the
fantastic things you can do with it. The package includes a
GAME WRITER rom pak, a complete easy to read manual and
a set of sample programs ready to run. GAME WRITER is a
great programming language for a child or an adult. GAME
WRITER requires a minimum of 16K. Extended BASIC is not
required.
PRICE $89
Orders must be prepaid via check,
money order or major bank card. Phone
orders accepted for bank cards only—
COD orders not accepted. Quantity dis-
counts available. Orders outside U S.
add $5 shipping. WA state residents
add 6.3% sales tax. Add 2 weeks for
delivery if paid by personal check.
WASHINGTON
COMPUTER SERVICES
3028 SILVERN LANE
BELLINGHAM, WA 98226 /gSv
1 (206) 734-8248 mV» 5?
76 the RAINBOW July 1983
63000 *THE VERIFICATION SYSTEM
63010 * B=1 (ACTIVATE)
63020 * B=0 (DEACTIVATE)
63030 *
63040 VERIFY LBSR BEGIN PREPARE
63050 STB *987 STORE STATUS
63060 LBRA DONE FUNCTION COMPLETE
63070 *
63080 *
63090 *THE ROUTINES BELOW ARE FOR
63100 * INTERNAL USE ONLY, AND ARE NOT
63110 CTO BE CALLED BY YOUR PROGRAM
63120 CDIRECTLY !
63130 *
63140 ♦
63150 ♦ROUTINE TO PROCESS FILENAME
63160 *
63170 FNAME
LDB
#*FF
CLEAR COUNTER
63180 GETLEN
INCB
CALCULATE HOW
63190
LDA
B,X
MANY LETTERS
63200
CMPA
#*20
ARE IN THE
63210
BCC
GETLEN
FILENAME
63220
CLR
,-s
MAKE SPACE ON STACK
63230
LDA
*95A
GET DEFAULT DRIVE # IN
63240
STA
*EB
CASE NONE IS SPECIFIED
63250
LDU
#*94C
NAME STORAGE AREA
63260
LDA
#*20
ASCII CODE FOR BLANK
63270 CLEAR
STA
,U +
CLEAR OUT
63280
CMPU
#*957
FILENAME
63290
BNE
CLEAR
STORAGE AREA
63300
JMP
*C8A4
GO PROCESS FILENAME
63310
63320
63330
63340
63350
63360
63370
63380
63390
63400
*
*
♦ROUTINE TO PREPARE EVERYTHING
* PRESERVE REGISTERS, SET UP
♦ERROR TRAP, ETC
*
BEGIN PSHS X , Y, U, DP, A SAVE REGISTERS
CLRA TEMPORARILY SET
TFR A, DP DP TO ZERO
LDA *18E GET CONTENTS OF
63410
LDU
*18F
ERROR VECTOR
63420
STA
SAVE , PCR AND SAVE IT
63430
STU
SAVE+1 , PCR FOR NOW
63440
LDA
#47E
NOW SET UP
63450
LEAU
ERROR,
PCR ERROR VECTOR
63460
STA
$18E
WITH OUR OWN
63470
STU
*18F
HANDLING ROUTINE
63480
LDA
, S
RESTORE A REGISTER
63490
STS
STACK j,
PCR SAVE STACK POINTER
63500
63510
*
JMP
C8,SJ
RETURN
63520
*
63530
*IF AN
ERROR
OCCURS, CONTROL
63540
*WILL
PASS TO
ERROR ROUTINE
63550
*
63560
ERROR
LSRB
B=ERROR CODE
63570
INCB
DIVIDE BY 2, ADD 1
63580
63590
*
BRA
EXIT
GO TO EXIT ROUTINE
63600
*
63610
* IF ROUTINE FINISHES PROPERLY,
63620
♦CONTROL WILL
PASS TO
DONE
63630
*
63640
DONE
CLRB
0=N0 ERROR
63650
63660
*
BRA
EXIT
GO TO EXIT ROUTINE
63670
*
63680
♦ROUTINE TO RESTORE REGISTERS AND
63690
♦ERROR
VECTOR.
, AND RETURN TO
63700
♦CALLING PROGRAM
63710
*
63720
EXIT
LDA
SAVE, PCR RESTORE THE
63730
LDU
SAVE+1
, PCR ERROR VECTOR
63741?
STA
S18E
TO ITS ORIGINAL
63750
STU
* 1 8F
VALUE
63760
LDS
STACK,
PCR RESTORE STACK POINTER
63770
PULS
A, DP, U
, Y,X RESTORE REGISTERS
63780
LEAS
2, S
CLEAN UP STACK
63790
TSTB
SET Z FLAG IF NO ERROR
63800
RTS
RETURN TO CALLER
63810
END
START
P. O. Box 14806
Jacksonville, FL 32238
904 777-1543
Prices on All games
include shipping. Florida
Resident add 5% tax.
All Programs require Color
Computer™ (Tandy Corp) or
TDP System 100 ComPuter™
(RCA)
ACROSS THE RUBICON 16K EXT or NON EXT — The popular
WWII wargame. Break thru the Huertgen Forrest using infantry,
heavy and light tanks, air & artillery strikes, Paratroops. Graphics,
terrain modifiers, unit designators and 5 minute conversion instruc-
tions for 16K NON EXT. State system when ordering.
These games do not require EXTENDED BASIC.
RUBICON II 32K EXT Everything ATR has and more! Mortar units,
Patrols, German Artillery, Platoon movement, realistic supply and in-
telligence, spotting rounds, unit merge, GAME SAVE $24.95
MISSION EMPIRE! A strategic wargame/strategy game. Starting
with one planet, incomplete intelligence and limited resources, you
must conquer the rest of your galaxy. Play takes 2-5 hours and is
DIFFERENT EVERY TIME! All versions offer GAME SAVE option.
Specify 32K disc or 16K-The 32K versions require Extended Basic,
the 16K does not.
GALACTIC TAIPAN 16K EXT — The merchant’s of space, battle
storms, pirates and high taxes in their search for trade and profit.
These games do not require EXTENDED BASIC.
ROMPAC BACKUP — Can’t run your ROMPACS with your disk in or
just want backup? This program makes it easy. Requires 64K.
Shipped on tape.
Cassette $19.95
All games available on Disk Add $3.00
July 1983 the RAINBOW 77
Listing 2:
OOIOO < DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM
OOllO IMACHINE LANGUAGE DI8K I/O
00120 *BY ROGER SCHRAG
00130 *
00140 *
00150
ORG
*1000
START ABOVE BUFFER AREA
00160
START
LDB
#•1
WE WANT 1 BUFFER
00170
JSR
FILES
SET UP MEMORY
00180
LDB
#*1
ACTIVATE THE
00190
JSR
VERIFY
VERIFICATION SYSTEM
00200
JSR
*A928
CLEAR SCREEN
00210
WAIT
LDA
#*FF
RED GRAPHIC BLOCK
00220
STA
C*88]
SHOW CURSOR
00230
JSR
C *A000D
SCAN KEYBOARD
00240
BEG
WAIT
WAIT UNTIL KEY PRESSED
00250
CMPA
#*3
BREAK PRESSED?
00260
BED
SAVE IT
GO SAVE SCREEN IF SO
00270
LDB
#*60
ERASE THE
00280
STB
C *88 D
CURSOR
00290
JSR
$A30A
PRINT CHARACTER
00300
BRA
WAIT
LOOP BACK
00310
SAVE IT
LDA
#*60
ERASE THE
00320
STA
C *88 D
CURSOR
00330
LDX
#NAME
ADDR OF NAME
00340
LDY
#* IFF
FILE TYPE: ASCII DATA
00350
LDA
#*4F
OUTPUT MODE
00360
LDB
#*1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00370
JSR
OPEN
GO OPEN FILE
003B0
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00390
LDX
#*400
TOP OF SCREEN
00400
WRITE
LDA
,X +
GET CHARACTER
00410
LDB
#*1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00420
JSR
PRINT
WRITE CHARACTER
00430
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
PAY WHAT YOU WANT
for home and business software
R5 CoCo and TDP-100
1 6/32K Disk or Cassette
Extended Color Basic Required
BUDGET RECORD
Income 6 outlay by W categories. Great for taxes. 32k.
MAILING LIST
Mokes labels, printouts ond alphabetized lists. M/L sort.
APPOINTMENT BOOK
Print a calendar with any number of memos/day. (32k. Requires
printer with compressed characters)
GRADE BOOK
Make rolls G grade sheets, complete with stats and totals.
ALSO AVAILABLE
Phone Book, Soles Record, Cor Repairs, Diet Delight, Grocery List.
The Fine Print:
Order two programs maximum. Send shipping/handling in odvance
(1— $4.00; 2— $6.00). After using the program, pay only whot the program
is worth to you. Let's try applying right livelihood to the software industry!
Specify 1 6/ 32K and type of printer.
Bruck Associates
6609 Westmoreland Ave.
Takoma Park, MD 20912
(301) 270-5822
Free cotologue on request
00440
CMPX
#*600
END OF SCREEN?
00450
BNE
WRITE
LOOP BACK IF NOT
00460
LDB
#*1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00470
JSR
CLOSE
CLOSE FILE
00480
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00490
JSR
*A928
CLEAR SCREEN
00500
JSR
BREAK
WAIT FOR BREAK PRESSED
00510
LDX
#NAME
ADDR OF FILENAME
00520
LDY
#*1FF
FILE TYPE: ASCII DATA
00530
LDA
#*49
INPUT MODE
00540
LDB
#*1
DEVICE NUMBER DNE
00550
JSR
OPEN
GO OPEN FILE
00560
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00570
LDX
#*600
END OF SCREEN
00580 READ
LDB
#*1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00590
JSR
INPUT
READ CHARACTER
00600
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00610
STA
,-x
PUT ON SCREEN
00620
CMPX
#*400
TOP OF SCREEN?
00630
BNE
READ
LOOP BACK IF NOT
00640
LDB
#*1
DEVICE NUMBER ONE
00650
JSR
CLOSE
GO CLOSE FILE
00660
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00670
JSR
BREAK
WAIT FOR BREAK PRESSED
00680
JSR
•A92S
CLEAR SCREEN
00690
LDX
•NAME
ADDR OF FILENAME
00700
JSR
KILL
DELETE FILE
00710
BNE
GOOFED
GO IF ERROR
00720
JSR
•A92B
CLEAR SCREEN
00730
JMP
*A0F3
RETURN TO BASIC
00740 BREAK
JSR
C4A000I
SCAN KEYBOARD
00750
CMPA
#•3
BREAK KEY PRESSED?
00760
BNE
BREAK
WAIT MORE IF NOT
00770
RTS
RETURN TO PROGRAM
00780 GOOFED
LDX
•ERRMSG
MESSAGE "ERROR #"
00790 ERR1
LDA
,X +
GET CHARACTER
OOBOO
BEG
ERR2
GO IF DONE
00810
JSR
*A30A
PRINT CHARACTER
00820
BRA
ERR1
LOOP BACK
00830 ERR2
LDA
#*2F
PRINT ERROR CODE
00840 ERR3
INCA
NUMBER ON SCREEN
00850
SUBB
#*0A
IN TWO DIGIT
00860
BCC
ERR3
DECIMAL FORMAT
00870
ADDB
#*3A
A=TENS B=ONES
00880
JSR
*A30A
PRINT TENS
00890
TFR
B, A
GET ONES
00900
JSR
*A30A
PRINT ONES
00910
JMP
*A0F3
RETURN TO BASIC
00920 NAME
FCC
"DEMO/DAT"
00930
FCB
*0
TERMINATOR
00940 ERRMSG
FCC
"ERROR
#"
00950
FCB
*0
TERMINATOR
00960 *
00970 *
00980 *THE DISK I/O PROGRAM HAS
00990 UBEEN APPENDED
BELOW
01000 *
01010 *
01020 SAVE
FCB
*0
3 BYTE STORAGE
01030
FCB
*0
AREA FOR THE
01040
FCB
*0
ERROR VECTOR
01050 STACK
FCB
*0
2 BYTE STORAGE
01060
FCB
*0
AREA FOR STACK POINTER
01070 *
01080 *
01090 *ROUTINE TO INITIALIZE I
DISK
01100 * SYSTEM
? S MEMORY
OHIO * B=NUMBER OF
BUFFERS
01120 *
01130 FILES
LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
01140
PSHS
B
SAVE # OF BUFFERS
01 150
JSR
*CA3B
CLOSE ALL FILES
01160
PULS
B
RESTORE # OF BUFFERS
01170
STB
*95B
STORE # OF FILES
01 1B0
LDU
#*928
START OF BUFFER TABLE
01190
LDX
#*989
START OF BUFFER AREA
01200 DOBUF
CLR
,x
CLEAR STATUS FLAG
01210
STX
, U++
PUT ENTRY IN TABLE
01220
LEAX
*119, X
GO TO NEXT BUFFER
01230
DECB
DECREMENT COUNT
01240
BHI
DOBUF
LOOP BACK UNTIL DONE
01250
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
01260 *
01270 *
01 280 ^ROUTINE TO OPEN A FILE
01290 * X=ADDR OF FILENAME
01300 * Y-FILE TYPE
01310 * A=FILE MODE
78 the RAINBOW July 1983
Expansion
for your
COLOR
COMPUTER
Is Here
CoCo HAS A COMPANION!!
GOOD NEWS Switch over to more versatility with the new
BT-2000 COMPANION. Save CoCo's connector with the best
COMPANION it will ever have.
• Load 5 cartridges into the COMPANION and avoid the hassles
while enjoying the benefits of push-button selection.
• Push a Button or select from your keyboard to turn on one of your
5 selections. Handy indicator lights let you know at a glance which
cartridge is connected.
• No More Turn-Offs. Just switch to the next cartridge in your
COMPANION. Push a button to Restart without turning off the
power.
• Plug-in. Fill one to five slots for flexible programming, game
playing or both. Choose ROM Packs, serial ports, parallel ports, or
disk drives. Then do what you like to do best. The most powerful
and cost effective expansion you will find for just $249.95.
ALSO NEW FROM BASIC TECHNOLOGY!!
• BT-I010 PPI Parallel Printer Interface. Free-up CoCo's serial
port. Run your printer at top speed. Five foot cable with Centronics
compatible connector and machine language printer driver are
included. $79 95.
• BT-1020 Real Time Clock/Calendar. Let CoCo keep the time and
date for your programs and files. Day-light savings time and leap
year keep you on time. Save data or program memory even when
power is off with 50 bytes of battery backed memory. Alarm
capability to turn on the coffee pot. All for only $109.00.
• BT-1030 VIP Versatile Interface Port. Connect CoCo to the
outside world with two 8-bit parallel ports, two 16-bit
timer/counters and a serial shift register. All user programmable.
$69.95.
• WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE.
FOR THE ADVANCED USER OR
EXPERIMENTER
The utmost in expansion power and versatility is the BT-1000
Expansion Interface Unit. $270.00.
Large Built-in power supply /^\
to power your peripherals rainbow
* ' 11 ccnnricATiON
and experimenter circuits.
Space for your ML utilities with optional 8K of RAM. $300.00
hasic Dept. Q P.O. Box 511 Ortonville, Ml 48462
IECHNOLOGY <313)627-6146
For years of trouble-free enjoyment all Basic Technology products use
top quality components and are backed by a full 180 day parts and
labor warranty. We service what we sell!!!
Add $5 shipping & handling for BT-1000, $2.50 for BT-1020.
Michigan residents add 4% sales tax. Shipping & handling for
residents of Canada, Hawaii, Alaska is $10. Overseas orders add 15%.
Check, money order, VISA, MC (give account no., expiration date,
phone no ). Personal checks allow 2-3 weeks to clear. COD charge $2
(requires certified check or money order).
" Watch for more peripherals from
Basic Technology.”
01320
* B=DEVICE
NUMBER
01800
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
01330
*
01810
*
01340
OPEN LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
0 1 820
*
01350
STY
<957
STORE TYPE
01830
♦ROUTINE TO ACTIVATE/DEACTIVE
01360
PSHS
D
SAVE MODE & DEVICE
01840
♦THE VERIFICATION SYSTEM
01370
LBSR
FNAME
PROCESS FILENAME
01850
♦ B=1
(ACTIVATE)
01380
PULS
D
RESTORE MODE S< DEVICE
01860
♦ B=0
(DEACTIVATE)
01390
JSR
♦ C468
GO OPEN FILE
01870
i
01400
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
01B80
VERIFY
LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
01410
*
01890
STB
•9B7
STORE STATUS
01420
*
01900
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
01430
♦ ROUTINE TO CLOSE A FILE
01910
♦
01440
♦ B=DEVICE
NUMBER
01920
*
01450
*
01930
♦THE ROUTINES
BELOW ARE
FOR
01460
CLOSE LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
01940
♦INTERNAL USE
ONLY, AND
ARE NOT
01470
STB
S6F
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
01950
♦ TO BE
CALLED
BY YOUR PROGRAM
01480
JSR
*CA53
GO CLOSE FILE
01960
♦DIRECTLY!
01490
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
01970
♦
01500
*
019B0
♦
01510
*
01990
♦ROUTINE TO PROCESS FILENAME
01520
♦ROUTINE TO WRITE TO A
FILE
02000
*
01530
* A=CHARACTER TO WRITE
02010
FNAME
LDB
#$FF
CLEAR COUNTER
01540
♦ B=DEVICE
NUMBER
02020
GETLEN
INCB
CALCULATE HOW
01550
*
02030
LDA
B, X
MANY LETTERS
0 1 560
PRINT LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
02040
CMPA
#<20
ARE IN THE
01570
STB
$6F
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
02050
BCC
GETLEN
FILENAME
01580
JSR
$A282
WRITE CHARACTER
02060
CLR
,-s
MAKE SPACE ON STACK
01590
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
02070
LDA
<95 A
GET DEFAULT DRIVE # IN
01600
*
02080
STA
$EB
CASE NONE IS SPECIFIED
01610
*
02090
LDU
#S94C
NAME STORAGE AREA
01620
♦ROUTINE TO READ A CHARACTER
02100
LDA
#$20
ASCII CODE FOR BLANK
01630
♦ FROM A FILE
021 10
CLEAR
STA
,u+
CLEAR OUT
01640
♦ B=DEVICE
NUMBER
02120
CMPU
#♦957
FILENAME
01650
* A RETURNS
i WITH INPUT CHARACTER
02130
BNE
CLEAR
STORAGE AREA
01660
*
02140
JMP
$C8A4
GO PROCESS FILENAME
01670
INPUT LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
02150
*
01680
STB
$6F
STORE DEVICE NUMBER
02 1 60
*
01690
JSR
$A176
GO INPUT CHARACTER
02170
♦ROUTINE TO PREPARE EVERYTHING
01700
STA
,S
PUT IT ON STACK
021 BO
♦PRESERVE REGISTERS, SET UP
01710
LBRA
DONE
FUNCTION COMPLETE
02190
♦ERROR
TRAP, 1
ETC
01720
*
02200
♦
01730
*
02210
BEGIN
PSHS
X,Y,U,DP,A SAVE REGISTERS
01740
♦ROUTINE TO KILL A FILE
02220
CLRA
TEMPORARILY SET
01750
♦ X=ADDR OF
FILENAME
02230
TFR
A, DP
DP TO ZERO
01760
♦
02240
LDA
$ 1 8E
GET CONTENTS OF
01770
KILL LBSR
BEGIN
PREPARE
02250
LDU
$ 18F
ERROR VECTOR
01780
LBSR
FNAME
PROCESS FILENAME
02260
STA
SAVE, PCR AND SAVE IT
01790
JSR
»C6C5
GO KILL FILE
02270
STU
SAVE+1 ,1
PCR FOR NOW
02280
LDA
#$7E
NOW SET UP
C.C. DIALER
Let your Co. Co. do the "walking"
Turn your computer into an automatic
telephone dialer.
Generate touch tones from C.C.'s keyboard
or stored directory.
Save, load and modify directories on tape
or disk.
Requires Extended Basic and Touch Tone
phone service.
CASSETTE VERSION - $ 29.95
DISK VERSION - $34 . 95
Send cheque or money order to:
CHRIS COMPUTERS
6299 Alderwood Lane
Delta, B.C. Canada V4E 3E7
(8.C. Re.ude.nti include 6% Sales Tax )
02290
02300
02310
02320
02330
02340
02350
02360
LEAU ERROR, PCR ERROR VECTOR
ST A $ 1 BE WITH OUR OWN
STU $ 18F HANDLING ROUTINE
LDA ,S RESTORE A REGISTER
STS STACK, PCR SAVE STACK POINTER
JMP CB, SI RETURN
02370 *IF AN ERROR OCCURS, CONTROL
023B0 *W ILL PASS TO ERROR ROUTINE
02390 *
02400 ERROR LSRB
02410 INCB
02420 BRA EXIT
02430 *
02440 *
02450 * IF ROUTINE FINISHES PROPERLY,
02460 ^CONTROL WILL PASS TO DONE
02470 *
02480 DONE CLRB
02490 BRA EXIT
02500 *
02510 *
02520 * ROUTINE TO RESTORE REGISTERS AND
02530 * ERROR VECTOR, AND RETURN TO
02540 ♦CALLING PROGRAM
02550 *
B=ERROR CODE
DIVIDE BY 2, ADD 1
GO TO EXIT ROUTINE
0=N0 ERROR
GO TO EXIT ROUTINE
02560 EXIT
LDA
SAVE, PCR
RESTORE THE
02570
LDU
SAVE+1, PCR
ERROR VECTOR
02580
STA
$ 18E
TO ITS ORIGINAL
02590
STU
$18F
VALUE
02600
LDS
STACK, PCR
RESTORE STACK POINTER
02610
PULS
A, DP, U, Y, X
RESTORE REGISTERS
02620
LEAS
2,S CLEAN UP STACK
02630
TSTB
SET
Z FLAG IF NO ERROR
02640
RTS
RETURN TO CALLER
02650
END
START
80 the RAINBOW July 1983
DO YOU HAVE A BASIC OR ASSEMBLY PROGRAM TO SELL?
. . . avoid unreliable cassette tapes and recorders
and EPROM your program!
With EPACK, BASIC and assembly routines for color computer can be read from cassette tape and stored onto 2516. 2716 (single supply), 2732, 2532, 2564 1
and 2764 styled EPROM (21 and 25 volt). These EPROM are then inserted into MMB, a game packlike cartridge that automatically executes your program
when it's inserted into the color computer just like the game packs
EPACK is an excellent alternative to cassettes tor programs you want to sell and for personal programs you would like to execute quickly and conveniently
from a more reliable medium.
NOTE: 2732, 2764 and 21 volt capability are available optionally and are not included in the standard EPACK.
EPACK consists of EPG, BROM and MMB for
The units in EPACK are sold individually as follows
$150.00
BROM
Utility fits any memory size color computer Its function is to process
BASIC source files into a format that can be written out to EPROM by Con-
trol Craft Inc.'s EPROM programmer (EPG) and still be executed by the
BASIC interpreter - but from EPROM, not RAM'
BROM $25.00
EPROM PROGRAMMER (EPG)
• Jumpers configure the memory type used on the board. Provisions for
inserting DIP switches in place of the jumpers
> Gold plated edge connector
> Each 1C or 1C socket has decoupling cap installed
> Plastic case is available extra, at $7.50 (pricing is subject to change
without notice) (case included in EPACK)
• Zero insertion force socket
• Personality plugs configure programmer to accept 2716 (5 volt supply).
2532 and 2564 style EPROM.
• Programmer's software is included on the programmer board as firmware
• Program sources:
* read cassette tape files into memory and then write file to EPROM
(files are in Radio Shack format)
■ write color computer RAM to EPROM
* read EPROM inserted in programmer into RAM
* write color computer ROM to EPROM
• Functions:
* test EPROM to see if it’s unprogrammed
* read an EPROM into color computer RAM
* write RAM buffer out to EPROM
* redefine the location of the RAM buffer
‘ verify the programming of an EPROM
* compare the contents of RAM buffer against an EPROM
* edit the RAM buffer
1. Examine/change memory locations
2. Examine/change start buffer address
3. Fill RAM buffer with FF hex
* read blocks from a cassette file into RAM
• Menu driven operation allows easy use
• Plastic case enclosed circuitry
• Gold plated edge connectors
• Self-contained unit ... no external power supplies are used
• Unit operates on any memory sized TRS-80 color computer
EPG $105.00
" RAM may not work with series E or later color computers.
MMB $30.00
MULTI MEMORY BOARD (MMB)
• Complete with support 1C. sockets and decoupling capacitors
• Accepts 2516. 2716, 2532, 2732, 2564 EPROM (included in EPACK)
• Accepts 2016. 4016, 6116 static RAM*
• Max capacity of 6 memory chips
• Runs on any size TRS-80 color computer
• Board is jumper addressable to either $C000 or S8000
• Provisions for write protect switch , or can jumper the board to write
protect RAM
** UPGRADE (optional for EPACK or EPG)
2732-25 volt . . .
SI 5.00 2732-21 volt .. .
SI 5.00
2764-25 volt ...
SI 5.00 2764-21 volt .. .
... SI5.00
SOUMP
0KIDATA owners know that in order to print graphics they lose their
serial interface . . .
NOT ANY MORE!
Now you can print Hi-res Pmode 4 graphics images, full size and detail,
on your OKIDATA, EPSON and other printers, without dot addressable
capacity
Features
• Callable from BASIC routine
• Runs stand alone with a menu
• Relocatable
• Automatically finds the start
of graphics pages
• Configurable for several printers
• Fast
• Useable on 16 or 32 or 64 K
machines with or without
Extended BASIC
• Documented
I OKIDATA , EPSON and RS are trademarks I
Actual graphics printed on an OKIDATA printer (shown reduced)
soump $20.00
All prices subject to change without notice.
Control "Craft Inc.
19270 North Hills Drive • Brookfield, Wl 53005 • (414) 784-9027
Name
Company .
Address _
Order Form: EPACK
BROM
EPG
MMB
SDUMP
UPGRADE NO..
.@
@
@
@
.@
.@
$150.00 =
$ 25.00 =
$105.00 =
$ 30.00 =
$ 25.00 =
$ 15.00 =
City /State.
.Zip.
Wis. residents add 5% sales tax _
Shipping & Handling: ff of items x $2.00/item = .
TOTAL ORDER: $
Shipping address (if different from above)
TO ORDER BY MAIL: SEND MONEY ORDER, CERTIFIED CHECK, CASHIERS
CHECK MASTERCARD /VISA (include card number, inter-bank number,
expiration date and signature).
OEALER INQUIRIES WANTED {minimum dealer order Is 10 units)
Software Review
Accounting Program Has
Uses Beyond Tax Preparations
CoCo- Accountant is an inexpensive home accounting
program from Federal Hill Software that allows the user to
keep track of checks written. The object of the program is to
allow for easy retrieval and sorting of this information at tax
time from the files that may be kept on casette or disk,
depending on the version purchased. The cassette version
comes in both 16K or 32K while the disk version may only be
used with 32K.
1 have had no training in accounting and thus I would
have no idea how close this program adheres to regular
accounting practices. Since 1 do take care of the finances for
my family as well as the yearly chore of income tax, I do see
how useful the information that may be generated from this
program would be. The program will list and total each
month’s checks, list and total checks by account for a given
month or year, and display all information on the screen or
printer. In addition, the 32K versions will flag tax deductible
expenses and checks subject to sales tax. In the latter case,
the user need only type in the state’s sales tax and the
program will calculate the total amount of sales tax spent
within these flagged purchases.
Getting the program set up and operating is easy due to
very complete and well-written documentation (nine pages)
INSIM Instruction Simulator
Simulates the complete 6809 instruction set.
Use it to quickly debug assembly programs.
Use it to find out how other programs work.
Use it to find out how the basic roms work.
Output to screen or printer.
Includes commands to examine and change memory.
Even has a mini-disassembler
16k STANDARD/EXTENDED 839.95
COMPRESS Reduce basic program size.
Removes spaces and comments.
4k OP 16k 8 7.95
INTRSTIThe interest calculator
Calculates home mortgage payments or any
loan payments.
Calculates interest, total interest, total
paid, amount due.
Calculates how much to invest now to retire
in style in 30 years.
This program will calculate future values,
oresent values and much more!
16k STANDARD 812.95
DEPREC Calculate depreciation using:
Strait line, production unit, working hours,
declining balance, sum-of-the-years digits.
16k ECTFUDED 810.95
B.C. ENGINEERING
P.O.BOX 768
MANCHESTER, MO. 6301 1
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER.
MO. RESIDENTS ADD 5.625 % SALES TAX.
and a menu/ prompt system built into the program itself.
After loading the program for the first time, the user may
define up to 24 accounts and a two-letter account code. The
user may then enter check information from the keyboard or
the storage medium. It is very important to remember each
account’s code or the program will not operate correctly.
There is an option on the main menu that will list accounts
and codes if the user forgets, but unfortunately you can’t
make a printed copy of this list. Other options from the main
menu allow the user to list checks by month, account or
payee, to make a year-to-date summary, to sort by date,
correct an error, and list all checks. The printer routine
supports a 45-column printout of any information wanted
from most of the various “list” options.
1 did find some limitations in the program that may limit
the usefulness of the system for some users. The 32K disk
version allows for up to 400 checks to be entered. I was
surprised to discover that 1 write about 480 checks a year
and that 1 would have to split the program into half-years to
be able to use it. The cassette 32K version will take up to 450
checks and the 16K cassette version has a capacity of 200.
This program is not a checkbook balancer as there is no way
to enter credits or deposits. The documentation plainly
states that the program is a way to organize cancelled checks
only. If you like to balance your checkbook with your Color
Computer, you will thus be obligated to enter your check
information twice — once for your checkbook program and
again for this program. Finally, the program is based
around check writing only, and thus the reality of credit card
or cash spending is not taken into account. 1 would suspect
that organizing credit spending would be as important to
some people as watching the checks.
Despite the limitations mentioned, I can see some ex-
cellent uses for a program such as CoCo-Accountant.
Besides the obvious tax preparation advantages, an easily
accessed record of, say, gasoline, energy or computer
expenses would be useful for many people to watch where
the money is going. When you measure the very reasonable
price of this program against value received, 1 think value is
the winner.
(Federal Hill Software, 825 William Street, Baltimore, MD
21230, 16K/32K cassette S15.95, 32K disk $21.95)
—Brian James
Graphics Hint . . .
To ‘B’ or Not to B’
That is the Option
The Extended BASIC book tells us to always use the B
option directly before the M motion command when mov-
ing the draw position. Their reasoning is that you may get
unwanted lines. My point here is that you may be able to
omit the B option and get WANTED lines a lot easier than
with any other method. I have used this method on several
occasions and it can be of great help. It is useful anytime you
need to draw a line from a point to another point that does
not fall on one of the standard angles (U E R F D G L H).
The N (no update) option also seems to work well with this
method. I’m sure many people are aware of this ability, but I
have never seen anything about it and it can be very helpful.
Harvey R. Hall
Inola, OK
82 the RAINBOW July 1983
16K
■
the
■
ECB
RAINBOW
From
By Daniel W. Phillips
H ere’s a beginner strategy game that most everyone
has played at one time or another. It’s a change of
pace from the outer space craze, and easy to play for
even the younger kids. The computer allows no ‘extra’
moves or ‘missed’ captures. A nice feature of this electronic
version of Dots is that the computer will start the game for
you with 60 random lines. Of course, you can start from
scratch if you like. Instructions for the game are in the
program.
I’ve included a liberal sprinkling of REMarks on the flow
and control of the game in the listing, however, a little
background information may be helpful if you want to make
any changes or additions to the game.
The numbering scheme 1 used for this game appeared in a
November 1982 Popular Computing article by George
Stewart, titled Making Mazes. Values for the sides and box
are as follows:
i 8 1
I I
4 1
I i
I 2 1
The value of the box is stored in the game array A(C.R).
where “C” is the column and “R” is the row.
I used only two lines to make a box. \ he top and left side
are the two lines used for computing values.
As you can see, the side of
■ — — — ' one box is also the oppo-
• • site side of its adjacent
• — — — • box.
0 — No Lines
1 Right Side
2 — Bottom
4 Left Side
8 — Top
16 Captured Box
A complete box
will total 15.
That is, the top of box ‘A’
is the same line as the bot-
tom of box ‘B’.
The value of both boxes must be revised when one line is
drawn.
Although we are concerned only with values of the ten by
ten boxes on the board, we need eleven columns and rows
for drawing lines. Column eleven will draw' the right side on
the far right, and row eleven will draw the bottom line for the
bottom boxes.
A
B
The search routines are simply a series of comparisons.
The values chosen for comparison are sums of the line values
for partially completed boxes. The order of comparison was
arranged to equalize the time used for all searches. That is,
instead of having a ‘north’ search zip along and a ‘south’
search barely crawl, both should take approximately the
same length of time.
And that’s about it!
Variable List
LP.LH.LV
RP.RH.RV
H.V
C.R
B
D
F
FP
X.Y
SR.SL.ST
A( 11,11)
N$( 10)
The listing:
Left Joystick
Right Joystick
Gameboard Locations
Column and Row
Flag — Color of Player
Return Dot to Original Color Counter for
Random Lines
Flag to Indicate Capture
Flag for Joystick Control
Flag for Subroutine Returns
Work Variables
Scores
Game Array — Column Row
Work INKEYS — Store Number Strings (not
dimensioned)
^
370. . .
. . 0EA9
79...
. . . 0389
559. . .
. . 127A
169. .
. . . 0758
739. . .
. . 1641
289 . .
. . OAAD
END .
. . 1A16
10 CLS:PMODEl, 1: COLOR 1,2: PCLS: PR
INT0205, "DOTS":PRINT@234, "WRITTE
N F0R":PRINT@263, "COLOR COMPUTER
BY " : PR I NT@297 , " DAN PH I LL I PS " : PR
INT@451, "FOR INSTRUCTIONS PRESS
' I ’ ANY OTHER KEY TO PLAY
H a
20 N*=*INKEY*: IFN*=" "THEN20 ELSE
IF N*="I" GOSUB740 ELSE CLS
30 PR I NTS323 , CHR* <175)" OR " CHR*
<239)" WILL BE RIGHT PLAYER" :PRI
NT0355 , CHR* < 1 9 1 ) " OR " CHR* < 255 ) "
WILL BE LEFT PLAYER"
39 REM STRINGS FOR NUMBERS
ORIGINALLY IN A PROGRAM BY
July 1983
the RAINBOW 83
RON VAN DYKE IN THE APRIL 82
TRS 80 MICROCOMPUTER NEWS
40 N* (0) =" BM+1 , 05 H1U4E1R2F1D4G1L
2; BM+6, 0" : N* ( 1 ) ="BM+1 , 0; R1NR1U6G
1 ; BM+6, +5" : N$ (2) = " NR4U 1 E 1 R 1 E2U 1 H
lL2Bl;BM+7,+5"
50 N* ( 3 ) = " BM+0 , - 1 ; F 1 R2E 1 H2E2H 1 L3
; BM+7, 6" : N$ (4) =" BM+3 , 0 ; U2NR 1 L3U 1
E3D3; BM+4, 3" : N* (5) ="BM+0, -1 ; F1R2
E 1 U2H 1 L3U2R4 5 BM+3 , +6 "
60 N* (6) ="BM+4, -5; H1L2G1D4F1R2E1
U1H1L3; BM+7, +3" : N* <7) ="U1E4U1L4;
BM+7, +6" : N* (8> ="BM+1 , -05 H1U1E1H1
U 1 E 1 R2F 1 D 1 G 1 NL2F 1 D 1 G 1 L2 5 BM+6 , 0 "
70 N* (9) *"BM+0, -1 5 F1R2E1U4H1L2G1
D1F1R2; BM+4, +3" : N* ( 10) =''D18R36U1
8"
79 REM LIST ALL VARIABLES IN
ORDER OF MOST USE.. SET ARRAY
TO ZERO
80 DIM A(ll, ll) : x=0: Y=0:RH=0:RV=
0 : rp=0 : LH=0 : lv=0 : lp= 0 : H=0 : v=0 : fp
= 0: D=0: c=i : R=i : B=4 : st=0: sl=0: SR=
0: F=1 : FOR R=1T01 1 : FOR C=1T011:A<
c,R)=0:next c,r
89 REM DRAW GAMEBOARD
90 DRAW " BM46 , 0 " +N* < 10) : DRAW'BMl 1
0, 0"+N* ( 10) : DRAW"BM174, 0"+N* < 10)
: PAINT (1, 1) , 1, l:GOSUB150:GOSUB16
0." C0L0R2, 1 : FORX=48TO208 STEP16: F
. 3D TIC-TAC-TOE .
NEW!! Over 150 possible ways to win . A real challenge. Just
when you think you won. coco beats you to it. A first lor the
coco
Cassette: 32K E.C.B $14.9 5
Disc: 32K E.C.B $19.95
. TIC-TAC-TOE .
II you thought Tic-Tac-Toe is an easy game, try matching your
wits against this version. Play it with or without joysticks. A
special "SMALL FRY" level of difficulty is provided.
Cassette: 16K C.B $10.95
. JUMPS .
Q-SOFT's challenging version of a very old European solitaire
game. An ADDICTIVE board game in FII-RES graphics.
Reviewed in Jan. 1983 issue of the "RAINBOW" on page 164.
Cassette: 16K E.C.B $10.95
Cassette: 4K C.B $8.95
. THE SPIDER .
By: CHROMATIC SOFTWARE". All machine language.
Annihilate the spider before he destroys you. Arcade action.
Joysticks needed. Reviewed in Jan. 1983 issue of the
"RAINBOW" on page 160.
Cassette: 16K $19.95
. ONE CHECK .
48 "CHECKERS" are placed on the two outside rows of a
standard checkerboard. Remove as many "checkers" as
possible, jumping diagonally. Play with or without joysticks.
HI-RES graphics.
Cassette: 16K E.C.B $10.9 5
O-SOFT
1006 ROBINHOOD DRIVE • PAINESVILLE, OHIO 44077 KInbov?
C. O D orders add $3 00 Call 216-352-2675
84 the RAINBOW July 1983
ORY=20TO 1 80 STEP16:PSET(X, Y,2) IN
EXTY X
1 00 FORX = 1 T05 : N*= I NKEY* : NEXT : PR I
NT@4 19, "WOULD YOU LIKE SOME RAND
OM LINES TO GET STARTED?"
: PR I NT0493 , " < Y-N > " 5
1 1 0 N*= I NKEY* : I FN$= " " THEN 1 1 0ELSE
X=RND (2) -1 : SCREEN 1 , X
120 IFN*="Y"THENFP=-i: X=RND(-TIM
ER ) : GOSUB650 : FP= 1 : GOTO 1 80 5 ELSE 1
80
129 REM DRAW HORIZONTAL LINES
130 H= ( C* 16) +32 : V= ( R* 16) +4 5 FOR X
=H TO (H+16) : PSET < X , V, 2) : NEXTX : R
ETURN
139 REM DRAW VERTICAL LINES
140 H= ( C* 1 6 ) +32 : V= ( R* 1 6 ) +4 5 FOR X
=v TO ( V+16) : PSET (H,X,2): NEXTX 1 R
ETURN
149 REM COMPUTE AND DISPLAY
SCORE FOR RIGHT PLAYER
150 X=INT(SR/10> : Y=SR-(X*10> :PAI
NT (178, 2) , 3, 1 : DRAW"C25 S105 BM180,
14"+N*(X)+N*<Y> : RETURN
159 REM COMPUTE AND DISPLAY
SCORE FOR LEFT PLAYER
160 X=INT(SL/10) S Y=SL-(X*10) :PAI
NT (50, 2) , 4, 1 : DRAW " C2 ; S 1 0 5 BM52 , 14
" +N* ( X ) +N$ ( Y ) : RETURN
169 REM ANY CHANGE IN SCORE -DO
ANOTHER SEARCH
170 IF ST< > (SR+SL) THEN 560
179 REM FLAGS TO START SEARCHES,
CHANGE PLAYERS - DISPLAY
NEW SCORES
180 IF F=— 1 AND B=3 GOSUB150 ELS
E IF F=— 1 AND B=4 GOSUB160
190 IF F= 1 THEN IF B=3 THEN B=4
ELSE B=3
200 F=1 : PAINT (116,8) ,B, 1: SOUND20
0,5: IF ST=100 GOTO790
209 REM JOYSTICK INPUT
210 RH=INT(JOYSTK(0)/3)*8+40:RV=
INT ( JOYSTK < 1 ) /3) *8+12: RP=PEEK (65
280)
220 LH=INT (JOYSTK (2) /3) *8+40: LV=
I NT (JOYSTK ( 3 ) /3 ) *8+ 1 2 : LP=PEEK ( 65
280)
230 IF B=3 THEN H=RH: V=RV: FP=RP:
IF FP=125 OR FP=253 THEN FP=255:
GOTO250 ELSE GOTO250
240 H=LH: V=LV:FP=LP: IF FP=126 OR
FP=254 THEN FP=255
249 REM SET LOWER LIMIT FOR DOT
250 IF H< 48 THEN H=48
260 IF V<20 THEN V=20
269 REM FLASH DOT AND SET TO
ORIGINAL COLOR BEFORE LEAVING
270 D=PPOINT (H, V) : PSET (H,V,2) : FO
RX=1TO40: NEXT: PRESET (H, V) : FORX=l
Sale — Sale — Sale
SOLUTION ON CARTRIDGE
LARGE CHARACTERS
FDR SMALL CHILDREN
OR THE VISUALLY
IMPAIRED
1 234567899 1 234567890 1
ABCDEFGH I FKLMNDPQRSTU
VMXYZabcde f 3h i Jk 1 rinop
qrstuvwxyzl
LIST
l iff ’ of ?$•«» tOLUT ION i
i case cfcar -asters Per l ir>e»
hr*>3 r, t ;/r« fv ar*i
29 FOR I -9 TO ^ r EP i
29 CIRCLE 1 >*• • I • 0
*5 real :
59 FOP I • TO 1 8."
ra ie<ri V,'/
t> 7:^^-
t U V M < a X
0
1
-t i a h
’InJC JEf G H I
r u v u :< i' z £ '. I t
1 jt 1 »» n O P q r 3
(Eortgratulaitmts
The cartridge version of THE SOLUTION has all of the
features of the tape version and more. It works with all
of the graphic modes (including 4 colors). It includes a
51 characters per line feature and the ability to define a
text window on the screen. All of this and much more
at the low price of — $34 95
ROM-PAKS -S&Sy $ 7.50
This is an empty Rom-Pak with a PC board. It will hold
either a 271 6, 2732 or a 2764. The case looks very simi-
lar to Radio Shack's Rom-Pak. Comes complete with
instructions.
CUSTOM PROGRAMING
We will put your program in a Rom-Pak for you for a
very reasonable fee. The program can be either Basic
or machine language. Prices start at $19.95 for pro-
grams up to 4K in length. $29.95 for programs up to 8 K.
Volume discounts are available. Send for a free sub-
mittal form.
• C 0 L 0 t
. 1 : » 1 P I '
•
* < c J R. G. “I LOUS : ?8t
• licenses T n TMfOr a p p .
1 c l ? 3 r * * O r *
2 edit text
3 save on t a p e
4 load iron tape
5 print
6 chan3« standards
(select 1-6)
J
SCRIPTFX $9r9S $ 4.95
Are you tired of the upper case display of Color Scrip-
sit? Well then SCRIPTFX is for you. This is a program
which converts the display of Color Scripsit over to a
real display of upper and lower case letters with des-
cenders. The program allows all of the features of
Scripsit to function and comes with a money back
guarantee if it does not work. Please specify machine
type when ordering. Extended Basic is not required.
SUPER PILOT $9^5 $ 7.95
An enhanced version of Pilot for use with Extended Basic.
Includes features for math, graphics, and sound. Has a
feature that makes it easy to create flash card type drill
programs. Programs are pseudo compiled for faster
execution. Comes with as 24 page tutorial manual and demo
programs. Sample program included on tape to get you
started.
All programs for 16K, 32K Extended Basic machines unless
otherwise noted. All programs on cassette. Add $4.00 per
order for disk.
DISCOUNT — order 10 or more programs (you may mix
types) and you will receive a 30% discount on the order.
Dealer discounts are also available.
SNAKE MOUNTAIN SOFTWARE
P.O. BOX 5722
RALEIGH, NC 27650
919-828-6669
24 hour phone COD ordering service.
you made the right choice when you purchased a
Color Computer. It is a very powerful machine.
However the standard display format does not do the
machine justice. The machine is capable of much more than
16 lines of 32 all capital characters. Now you can give your
Color Computer the display it deserves. THE SOLUTION
gives the Color Computer a much better display than it nor-
mally has, and really makes the machine shine. Its features
include:
• provides a screen of 42 characters by 21 lines displayed
• linked directly to basic — program is transparent to the
user
• prints all 96 ASCII characters, lowercase characters
have descenders, has a slashed zero to avoid
confusion when programing
• prints characters on any two-color graphic screen
• graphics and text may be intermixed on the same screen
• special mode with 4 lines of text at the bottom of the
screen (just like some other famous color machines) —
great for working with graphics
• large character mode for small children or the visually
impaired
• character set may be reversed
• written in machine language, program is relocatable
• fast — prints at over 600 characters per second
• works with both cassette and disk
• includes a 20 page manual with demo programs (a lunar
lander program is included)
SOLUTION J$49dJ5 $14.95
EXTENDER 5 $ 4.95
Still want more than 42 characters per line from your
computer. Then the EXTENDER is for you. This program
when used with THE SOLUTION will give a display of 51
characters per line by 21 lines displayed. Please include your
program serial number when ordering.
GRAPH LABEL S8r9S $ 5.95
Have you ever wanted to place characters on a graphic
screen but couldn’t find an easy way to do it. Well then
GRAPH LABEL is for you. This program will enable you to
place characters anywhere on a graphic screen. It will place
any of 96 ASCII characters on the screen or you may create
your own characters. It features a cursor that may be moved
anywhere around the screen with out rubbing out what it
goes over. Superscripts and subscripts may be used since
the cursor may be moved vertically and horizontally in steps
as small as one pixel. Lowercase characters have descend-
ers. GRAPH LABEL is written in Basic and is therefore easy
to modify. It may be used by itself or as a subroutine.
SCREEN PRINT PACKAGE 38^5 $ 5.95
A package of 2 programs for use with the LPVII, LPVill,
DMP100, DMP200, DMP400, DMP500. The programs will
print an image of what is on a graphic screen to the printer.
Both programs work with all the standard PMODEs. The
programs are written in machine language and may be
moved anywhere in memory. The two programs are:
1) SCREEN PRINT — will produce a regular size print. The
image may be located anywhere on a page.
2) DOUBLE SIZE SCREEN PRINT — this program will
produce a full size image that will fill up a sheet of paper. The
finished product is 8 by 6.5 inches in size. Your computer
graphics look really good when they are printed out with this
program.
SHIPPING — add $2.00 for orders less than $20.00. Shipping
is free on orders of more than $ 20 . 00 .
Canadians — please send money orders only.
All orders shipped within 5 working days.
TO30: NEXT: PSET (H, V, B) : FORX=1TO50
: NEXT: PSET (H, V, D) : IF FP=255 OR F
P=127 THEN210
279 REM GET NUMBER OF COLUMN
AND ROW FROM DOT LOCATION
280 C= I NT ( ( H— 32 > / 1 6 ) : R= I NT ( ( V— 4 )
/ 16) : IF C=0 THEN C=1
289 REM SET COLUMN AND ROW TO
LOW LIMIT
290 IF R=0 THEN R=1 : REM NOV 1982
WRITTEN BY
DANIEL W. PHILLIPS
289 S. SHERIDAN ST.
W I LKES-BARRE , PA . 1 8702
299 REM CHECK FOR LEGAL MOVE
IN HORIZONTAL -IF NO LEGAL
MOVE CHECK VERTICAL
300 I F < H— 40 ) / 1 6= I NT ( ( H— 40 ) / 1 6 ) A
ND ( V- 12) / 1 6< > I NT ( ( V— 1 2 ) / 1 6 ) AND
(PPOINT (H— 3, V) =1 OR PPOINT (H-3,
V) =5) THEN F0RX=(H-8) TO (H+8):P
SET (X,V, 2) : NEXT: ELSE GOTO320
309 REM ADD VALUE TO BOXES
ADJACENT TO HORIZONTAL LINE
310 A ( C , R ) =A ( C , R ) +8 : A ( C , R- 1 ) =A ( C
, R-l) +2: IF FP=— 1 THEN RETURN ELS
E GOTO340
319 REM CHECK FOR LEGAL MOVE
IN VERTICAL - IF NO LEGAL
COMPUTER
BUSINESS FORMS
Continuous forms, lobels, paper, checks,
invoices, statements— all with your
imprint. Continuous letterhead with a
perf so fine that you need a magnifying
glass to tell it's a fan fold sheet.
Matching envelopes.
Regular letterhead, business forms and
cards also.
Send sample for quote. Send $3.00
(refundable on first order) for our
catalog.
Catalog also includes computer
furniture.
DCSCRT PRESS, INC.
P. O. Soil 51 28
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
MOVE, MAKE NOISE AND GO
BACK TO JOYSTICKS
320 I F ( H-40 ) / 1 6< > I NT ( < H— 40 ) / 1 6 )
AND ( V-12) / 16= I NT < ( V-12) / 16) AND
( PPO I NT < H , V-3 > = 1 OR PPOINT (H, V—
3) =5) THEN FOR X»(V-B) TO (V+8) :
PSET (H, X , 2) : NEXTELSE SOUND100,5:
GOTO210
329 REM ADD VALUE TO BOXES
ADJACENT TO VERTICAL LINE
330 A(C,R)=A(C,R)+4:A(C-1,R)=A(C
-l,R)+l: IF FP=-1 THEN RETURN
339 REM CHECK THE ONLY THREE
BOXES THAT COULD BE CAPTURED
340 IF A (C, R) =15 GOTO380
350 IF A (C, R-l ) =15 THEN R=R-l*.GO
TO380
360 IF A (C— 1 , R) =15 THEN C=C-l:GO
TO380
369 REM NO CAPTURES
370 GOTO 180
379 REM COLOR BOX WITH PLAYERS’
COLOR - PROTECT BOX FROM
BEING REUSED - ADD ONE TO
SCORE
380 X=(C*16)+40:Y=(R*16)+12:PAIN
T(X,Y),B,2: SOUND 144,3:A(C,R)=16:
IF B=4 THEN SL=SL+1 ELSE SR=SR+1
390 IF FP=— 1 THEN RETURN
399 REM FIND CONTINUED CAPTURES
400 IF A (C, R-l) =7 THEN R=R-l:GOS
UB130:GOTO310
410 IF A (C+l , R) =14 THEN C=C+2:G0
SUB 1 40 : FP=- 1 : GOSUB330 : FP= 1 : I F A <
C-l , R) =15 THEN C=C~1 : GOTO380
420 IF A (C , R+l > =13 THEN R=R+2:G0
SUB130 : fp=-i : GOSUB310: fp=i : if a<
C, R-l) =15 THEN R=R— 1 : GOTO380
430 IF A (C-l, R) =11 THEN C=C-l:GO
SUB 1 40 : GOTO330
440 IF A ( C , R— 1 ) = 1 1 THEN R=R-l:GOS
UB 1 40 : GOTO330
450 IF A (C, R-l) =14 THEN C=C+1:R=
R-l : GOSUB140: GOTO330
460 IF A (C+l, R) =7 THEN C=C+l:GOS
UB 1 30 : G0T03 1 0
470 IF A (C+l, R) =13 THEN R=R+1:C=
C+ 1 : GOSUB 1 30 : G0T03 1 0
480 IF A (C, R+l) =11 THEN R=R+l:GO
SUB140: GOTO330
490 IF A (C, R+l) =14 THEN C=C+1:R=
R+ 1 : GOSUB 1 40 : GOTO330
500 IF A (C-l, R) =7 THEN C=C-i:GOS
UB130: GOTO310
510 IF A (C-l, R) =13 THEN C=C-1:R=
R+ 1 : GOSUB 1 30 : G0T03 1 0
520 IF A (C, R-l) =15 THEN R=R-l:GO
TO380
530 IF A (C+l, R) =15 THEN C=C+l:GO
86 the RAINBOW July 1983
★ COLOR COMPUTER WORKSHEET ★
Elite*Calc
NOW . . . The worksheet calculator program you’ve maintain records and perform other tasks that, until
been waiting for is waiting to work for you. now, required sophisticated business computers.
ELITE* CALC ' is a powerful, full featured worksheet ELITE* CALC is a serious tool for those who want to
calculator designed especially for the Color Com- do more than play games with their Color Computer,
puter. Answer “what if" questions, prepare reports,
Features include:
■ Log Functions: LOG, EXP, SQR.
■ Single character commands
■ Help Displays
■ Enter text or formulas to 255
characters long
■ Repeat text entries
■ 255 maximum rows
■ 255 maximum columns
■ Available memory always displayed
■ Rapid Entry modes for text and
data
■ Selectable Automatic Cursor
movement
■ Insert, Delete, Move entire rows or
columns
■ Replicate one cell to fill a row or
column with selectable formula
adjustment
■ All machine language for speed
■ Extended BASIC required for ROM
routine calls
■ Automatic memory size detection
for 16K, 32K or 64K
■ >20K bytes, storage available in
32K systems
■ BASIC style formulas
■ Math Operators: +. — .X, /,],(,),=
■ Relation Operators:
= ,>,<,< =,> =,< >
■ Logic Operations: AND, OR, NOT
■ Conditional Formula: IF . . .
THEN . . . ELSE
■ Trig Functions: SIN, COS, TAN,
ATN
* Easy to use
* Individual cell formulas
* Copy blocks of cells
* Full cell-edit capability
* Compatible with all printers
* Graph format for bar charts
* Sort in ascending or descending
order
* Comprehensive manual included
THE BEST FOR ONLY
Disk or Tape
— Shipping from stock NOW
— Dealer Inquiries Invited.
Add $2 Postage & Handling
PA residents add 6% sales tax
• Misc. Functions: INT, FX, ABS,
SGN.
■ Range Functions: SUM, AVERAGE,
COUNT, MIN, MAX, LOOKUP
■ Nine digit precision
■ Definable constant table
■ User definable printer set-up
commands
■ Individual column width settings
■ Adjustable row height to insert
blank lines without wasting
memory
■ Hide colmns or rows
■ Alternate print font selectable on
cell by cell basis
■ Display/Print formats set by cell,
row, or column
■ Dollar format, comma grouping;
prefix or postfix sign
■ Scientific notation, fixed point and
integer formats
■ Left and Right cell contents
justification
■ Full page formatting
■ All formats stored with worksheet
on disk(tape)
■ Save & Load Disk(tape) files in
compact memory form
■ Scan disk directories
■ Output ASCII file for word
processor input compatibility
■ Memory resident code ... no
repeated disk calls
Sample worksheets included
Ullte ^oftuscite
Box 11224 • Pittsburgh, PA 15238 • (412) 795-8492
From the creators Of: ZAKSUND * COLOR TEXTSET I * COLOR TEXTSET It • INTER-
GALACTIC FORCE * TEXT EDITOR • PARTY PAK • COLOR MONITOR * TREK-16 * WARKINGS *
DISK & TAPE COPY * ANIMALS * BODY PARTS * TAPE COPY and many other line programs
TO380
540 IF A (C, R+l ) =15 THEN R-R+l:GO
TO380
550 IF A (C-l , R) =15 THEN C=C-l:GO
TO380
559 REM SET FLAGS TO GIVE THE
CURRENT PLAYER ANOTHER TURN
560 ST= ( SR+SL ) : F=- 1
569 REM SEARCH OF ENTIRE BOARD
570 FOR Y=1TO10: FOR X=1TO10
580 IF A < X , Y> =16 THEN NEXT X,Y:G
OTO170
590 IF A (X , Y) =7 THEN C=X:R=Y:GOS
UB130: 6OTO310
600 IF A ( X , Y) =14 THEN C=X+l:R=Y:
60SUB 1 40 : GOTO330
610 IF A(X,Y)=13 THEN C=X:R=Y+l:
BOSUB 1 30 : G0T03 1 0
620 IF A(X,Y>=11 THEN C=X:R=Y:GO
SUB 1 40 : GOTO330
630 IF A < X , Y) =15 THEN C=X:R=Y:FP
=-l : GOSUB380: FP=i : x=c: Y=R
640 NEXT X,Y:GOTO170
649 REM PUT RANDOM LINES ON THE
BOARD
650 Y=RND ( 10) : X=RND (10)
660 FOR R=Y TOll: FOR C=X T01l:IF
R=1 1 AND C=U THEN NEXTC,R:X=1:
Y=1 : GOTO660
670 IF A (C, R) =0 AND A(C,R-1)=0 A
SOFTWARE -HARDWARE
FOR RADIO SHACK’S TRS-0O MODEL 1/3
TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
•SEND FOR FREE CATALOG •
UTILITY PROGRAMS ON CASSETTE
SU-l CASSETTE COPY k 10M III SPECIFY l||
SU-Z CASSETTE DUMP $10= I COMPUTER I
Y- PAK I RECORDER STAND
TURN YOUR COMPUTER INTO A MADE OF STURDY PLASTIC
2 - SLOT SYSTEM. SWITCH HOLDS RECORDER AT A
BETWEEN THE TWO WITH EASE. PERFECT ANGLE.
RAM/ROM USER-PAK FOR TRS-80 COLOR $30
•GAMES ALSO AVAILABLE •
B. ERICKSON SOFTWARE- PO.BOX 11099 CHICAGO ILfeOfcll
CALL (312)276-9712i> INFORMATION
ND A (C-l , R) =0 THEN IF C=>R G0T07
10 ELSE GOTO720
680 IF A (C, R) =0 THEN LP=A(C,R-1>
:LP=LP+l:ON LP GOTO 710,710,690,
690, 710, 700, 690, 700,710, 700, 690,
700,700
690 IF A (C, R> =8 THEN LP=A(C-1,R)
:LP=LP+l:ON LP GOTO 720,700,720,
700, 720, 700, 700,700, 720,700, 700,
700,700
700 NEXTC, R: X=1 : Y=1 : GOTO660
710 IF C=ll THEN 715 ELSE G0SUB1
30 : G0SUB3 1 0 : GOTO730
714 REM SPECIAL CASE * VERTICAL
LINE FOR RIGHT SIDE OF BOARD
715 LP=A (C— 1 , R) : IFLP=2 OR LP=4 O
R LP=8 THEN 720 ELSE 700
720 IF R=1 1 THEN 700 ELSE G0SUB1
40: GOSUB330
730 D=D+l: SOUND D,1:IF D=60 THEN
RETURN ELSE 650
739 REM PRINT INSTRUCTIONS
740 CLS : PR I NT@46 , " DOT " : PR I NT " TH
E OBJECT OF THE GAME IS TO CO
NNECT THE DOTS TO FORM AS MA
NY BOXES AS POSSIBLE WITHOUT LE
TTING YOUR OPPONENT CAPTURE AN
Y BOXES. THE PLAYER WHO COM- PL
ETES A BOX CAPTURES THAT BOX.";
750 PRINT" THE COMPUTER WILL THE
N SEARCH FOR ADDITIONAL CAPTUR
ES. EACH BOX COUNTS FOR ONE PO
I NT. WHEN ALL CAPTURES ARE
MADE FOR A TURN, THE SCORE IS
UPDATED, AND THE PLAYER WILL D
RAW ONE MORE LINE. " : PRINT0483
, "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTIN
760 N$=INKEY$: IF N*=" "THEN760 EL
SE CLS
770 PRINTS35, "A TONE WILL SOUND
WHEN . . . " : PR I NT@97 , " A- AN I LLEGAL
MOVE IS ATTEMPTED B- THE DOT IS
BACK ON THE BOARD AFTER A SE
ARCH C- AS EACH CA
PTURED BOX IS FILLED WIT
H THE PLAYERS COLOR" : PR I
NTQ489, "PRESS ANY KEY";
780 N*=INKEY$:IF N$=" "THEN 780 E
LSE PR I NT@489 , STR I NG* (13, CHR* ( 32
) ) ; : RETURN
789 REM SHOW BOARD AFTER FINAL
CAPTURE - THEN PLAY AGAIN
OR QUIT
790 FOR X=1TO2500:NEXTX:CLS:PRIN
T@205 , " DOTS " : PR I NT045 1 , " FOR ANOT
HER GAME PRESS 'A’ TO END
PRESS ANY KEY"
800 N$=INKEY*:IF N$=" "THEN S00EL
SE IF N$="A" THEN RUN: ELSE END
88 the RAINBOW July 1983
Telewriter-64
the Color Computer Word Processor
■ 3 display formats: 51/64/85
columns x 24 lines
■ True lower case characters
■ User-friendly full-screen
editor
■ Right justification
■ Easy hyphenation
■ Drives any printer
■ Embedded format and
control codes
■ Runs in 16K, 32K, or 64K
■ Menu-driven disk and
cassette I/O
■ No hardware modifications
required
THE ORIGINAL
Simply stated, Telewriter is the most powerful
word processor you can buy for the TRS-80
Color Computer. The original Telewriter has
received rave reviews in every major Color
Computer and TRS-80 magazine, as well as
enthusiastic praise from thousands of satisfied
owners. And rightly so.
The standard Color Computer display of 32
characters by 16 lines without lower case is
simply inadequate for serious word processing.
The checkerboard letters and tiny lines give you
no feel for how your writing looks or reads.
Telewriter gives the Color Computer a 51
column by 24 line screen display with true
tower case characters. So a Telewriter screen
looks like a printed page, with a good chunk of
text on screen at one time. In fact, more on
screen text than you’d get with Apple II, Atari,
TI, Vic or TRS-80 Model III.
On top of that, the sophisticated Telewriter
full-screen editor is so simple to use, it makes
writing fun. With single-letter mnemonic
commands, and menu-driven I/O and
formatting, Telewriter surpasses all others for
user friendliness and pure power.
Telewriter’s chain printing feature means that
the size of your text is never limited by the
amount of memory you have, and Telewriter’s
advanced cassette handler gives you a powerful
word processor without the major additional
cost of a disk.
...one of the best programs for the Color
Computer 1 have seen...
— Color Computer News, Jan. 1982
TELEWRITER-64
But now we’ve added more power to
Telewriter. Not just bells and whistles, but
major features that give you total control over
your writing. We call this new supercharged
version Telewriter-64. For two reasons.
64K COMPATIBLE
Telewriter-64 runs fully in any Color Computer
— 16K, 32K, or 64K, with or without Extended
Basic, with disk or cassette or both. It
automatically configures itself to take optimum
advantage of all available memory. That means
that when you upgrade your memory, the
Telewriter-64 text buffer grows accordingly. In
a 64K cassette based system, for example, you
get about 40K of memory to store text. So you
don’t need disk or FLEX to put all your 64K
to work immediately.
64 COLUMNS (AND 85!)
Besides the original 51 column screen,
Telewriter-64 now gives you 2 additional high-
density displays: 64 x 24 and 85 x 241! Both
high density modes provide all the standard
Telewriter editing capabilities, and you can
switch instantly to any of the 3 formats with a
single control key command.
The 51 x 24 display is clear and crisp on the
screen. The two high density modes are more
crowded and less easily readable, but they are
perfect for showing you the exact layout of
your printed page, all on the screen at one
time. Compare this with cumbersome
“windows” that show you only fragments at a
time and don’t even allow editing.
RIGHT JUSTIFICATION &
HYPHENATION
One outstanding advantage of the full-width
screen display is that you can now set the
screen width to match the width of your
printed page, so that “what you see is what
you get.” This makes exact alignment of
columns possible and it makes hyphenation
simple.
Since short lines are the reason for the large
spaces often found in standard right justified
text, and since hyphenation is the most
effective way to eliminate short lines,
Telewriter-64 can now promise you some of the
best looking right justification you can get on
the Color Computer.
FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS:
Printing and formatting: Drives any printer
(LPVI1/VIII, DMP-100/200, Epson, Okidata,
Centronics, NEC, C. Itoh, Smith-Corona,
Terminet, etc).
Embedded control codes give full dynamic access to
intelligent printer features like: underlining,
subscript, superscript, variable font and type size, dot-
graphics, etc.
Dynamic (embedded) format controls for: top,
bottom, and left margins; line length, lines per page,
line spacing, new page, change page numbering,
conditional new page, enable/disable justification.
Menu-driven control of these parameters, as well as:
pause at page bottom, page numbering, baud rate (so
you can run your printer at top speed), and Epson
font. “Typewriter” feature sends typed lines directly
to your printer, and Direct mode sends control codes
right from the keyboard. Special Epson driver
simplifies use with MX-80.
Supports single and multi-line headers and automatic
centering. Print or save all or any section of the text
buffer. Chain print any number of files from cassette
or disk.
ifFSs
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
File and I/O Features: ASCII format files —
create and edit BASIC, Assembly, Pascal, and C
programs, Smart Terminal files (for uploading or
downloading), even text files from other word
processors. Compatible with spelling checkers (like
Spell ’n Fix).
Cassette verify command for sure saves. Cassette auto-
retry means you type a load command only once no
matter where you are in the tape.
Read in, save, partial save, and append files with disk
and/or cassette. For disk: print directory with free
space to screen or printer, kill and rename files, set
default drive. Easily customized to the number of
drives in the system.
Editing features: Fast, full-screen editor with
wordwrap, block copy, block move, block delete, line
delete, global search and replace (or delete), wild card
search, fast auto-repeat cursor, fast scrolling, cursor
up, down, right, left, begin line, end line, top of text,
bottom of text; page forward, page backward, align
text, tabs, choice of buff or green background,
complete error protection, line counter, word counter,
space left, current file name, default drive in effect,
set line length on screen.
Insert or delete text anywhere on the screen without
changing “modes.” This fast “free-form” editor
provides maximum ease of use. Everything you do
appears immediately on the screen in front of you.
Commands require only a single key or a single key
plus CLEAR.
. . . truly a state of the art word processor . . .
outstanding in every respect.
— The RAINBOW, Jan. 1982
PROFESSIONAL
WORD PROCESSING
You can no longer afford to be without the
power and efficiency word processing brings to
everything you write. The TRS-80 Color
Computer is the lowest priced micro with the
capability for serious word processing. And
only Telewriter-64 fully unleashes that
capability.
Telewriter-64 costs $49.95 on cassette, $59.95
on disk, and comes complete with over 70
pages of well-written documentation. (The step-
by-step tutorial will have your writing with
Telewriter-64 in a matter of minutes.)
To order, send check or money order to:
Cognitec
704 Nob Street
Del Mar, CA 92014
Or check your local software store. If you have
questions, or would like to order by Visa or
Mastercard, call us at (619) 755-1258
(weekdays, 8AM -4PM PST). Dealer inquiries
invited.
(Add $2 for shipping. Californians add 6°/o state tax. Allow 2
weeks for personal checks. Send self-addressed stamped
envelope for Telewriter reviews from CCN, RAINBOW,
80-Micro, 80-U.S. Telewriter owners: send SASE or call for
information on upgrading to Telewriter-64. Telewriter-
compatible spelling checker (Spell ’n Fix) and Smart Terminal
program (Colorcom/E) also available. Call or write for more
information.)
Apple II is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.; Atari is a
trademark of Atari, Inc.; TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy
Corp; MX-80 is a trademark of Epson America, Inc.
Give us your best: Join the ranks of these courageous CoCoists in showing the Color Computer world
your high score at your favorite micro-diversion. We want to put your best effort on record in the Rainbow’s
Scoreboard column. All entries must be received by the first of the month to be eligible for the following
month’s Scoreboard.
★ New Number One ☆ Last Month’s Number One
SCORE PLAYER
SCORE PLAYER
SCORE PLAYER
ASTRO BLAST
158,000
92.000
79,914
75,314
71.000
64.000
63,025
AVENGER
14,075 ★ Stephen Lai, Palatine, IL
11,560 if Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
5,345 Craig Schubert, Newfoundland, NJ
5,000 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
BERSERK
22,050 ★
10,250 if
10,070
7,800
6,150
BUSTOUT
34,700 ★
28,720 ,
25,510 ☆
5,942
Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
Jim Baker. Florissant, MO
Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
Emil Hayek, State College, PA
Robert R. Franks, Jr., Toledo, OH
Russell Wronski, Palatine, IL
Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
Mike Anheluk, Fall Creek, OR
Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
Mike Hall, Harland, Wl
Steve Skrzyniarz, Tacoma, WA
COLOR SCARFMAN
Sara Hennessey, Golden Valley, MN
Perry Denton, New Baden, IL
Andy Klingler, San Diego, CA
Norbert Berenyi, Northvale, NJ
CANYON CLIMBER
23,400 if Craig M. Arnold, Dallas, TX
CATCH ’EM
91,000 if Dean Bouchard, Kingston, Nova Scotie
65,768 Laura Sandman, Louisville, KY
CATERPILLAR
30,029 if Ron Rhead, Willowdale, Ontario
CAVE HUNTER
42,600 if Gary Ritchie, Bellevue, Alberta
26,300 Mike Hughey, King George, VA
21,150 Jim Baker. Florissant, MO
CLOWNS & BALLOONS
65,050 if Brian Gould, Basking Ridge, NJ
61.700 § Dan Dowling, San Bruno, CA
46,930 Stephen Shotts, Blacksburg, VA
42,430 Joanne Ledson, North Bay, Ontario
25,450 Norbert Berenyi. Northvale, NJ
22.700 Shelley Partridge, Warkworth, Ontario
COLOR HAYWIRE
14,650
14,350
10,900
10,450
10,250
Todd C. Hauschildt, Red Wing, MN
Mike Hughey, King George. VA
John Cole, King City, Ontario
Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
Pat Downard, Louisville. KY
COLOR INVADERS
166,425 if Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
126,350 Perry Denton, New Baden, IL
101,240 Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
83,000 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
COLOR METEOROIDS
Larry Plaxton, Medley. Alberta
Peter Johnson, Chino, CA
John Scannell, Renton, WA
Steve Lewallen, Centerville, OH
149,000 if Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
252,050
★
206,000
197,400
153,000
149.000
☆
976,520
539,100
523.340
506,560
488,730
417,740
401,990
COLORPEDE
2,139,248 ★
2,005,227 if
1,329,868
1,104,029
684,117
539,941
469,142
386,506
323,946
317.361
287.341
206,558
173,904
Bruce Thornhill, Barrhead, Alberta
Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
Fred K. Herrman, Flemington, NJ
Russ Eubanks, Jay. ME
Del Alexander, San Antonio, TX
Danny Eldridge. Fair Oaks, CA
Cynthia Eldridge, Fair Oaks. CA
Mike Hall, Hartland. Wl
Jennifer Maxey, Kalamazoo, Ml
Russ Eubanks, Jay, ME
Gary Ritchie, Bellevue, Alberta
David Blyn, Staten Island, NY
Brian Hsu, Holmdel, NJ
Michael Rader. Hardtner, KS
Robert Rahmes, Silver Spring, MD
Herbert Ponder, Jacksonville, FL
Lyman Green. Jr„ Ballouville, CT
Robert Denton, New Baden, IL
Kim A. Cook, High Point, NC
Andrew Herron, High Point, NC
COLOR ZAP
227,330 if Ron Rhead, Willowdale, Ontario
COLOUR PAC ATTACK
472,465 if Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
193,000 ■& Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
51,150 Emil Hayek. State College, PA
27,500 David Rosicky, Pittsburgh, PA
CONQUEST OF KZIRGLA
10,399 if Scott Sehlhorst, Columbia, SC
DEFENSE
58,900
if Greg Scott. Orlando, FL
12,100
9,137
DOODLEBUG
THE KING
825,000
if John Cole, King City, Ontario
1,858,000
★
355,440
Bette Munitz. Bellerose, NY
1,000,000
343,000
Mike Hughey, King George. VA
805,700
☆
338,590
Joanne Ledson, North Bay, Ontario
486.500
294,930
Stephen Lai, Palatine, IL
448,900
260,000
Jeff Pyne. Pori Mouton, Nova Scotia
388,500
45,580
Mrs. Sandy Nierste, Clio, Ml
332,100
DOUBLEBACK
89,840 it Craig M. Arnold, Dallas. TX
50,110 if Mary H. Thomas, Louisville. KY
43,660 Ron Moore. Wellsville, OH
27,680 Andrea L. Herron, High Point, NC
DUNKEY MUNKEY
1,618,800 ★ Bryan Bloodworth, Federal Way, WA
1,099,400 if Andrew Herron, High Point, NC
1.000. 500 Wendy Johnson, San Jose, CA
1.000. 001 Grant Gillott, Calgary, Alberta
626,400 Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
508.000 Robert Denton, New Baden, IL
333,300 Rob Uriano, Framingham, MA
308.000 Mitch Cohen, Framingham, MA
THE FROG
15,400 ★ Debbie Purdy, Dearborn, Ml
FROG TREK
10,370 if Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
7,160 Mike Anheluk. Fall Creek, OR
GALACTIC ATTACK
54,200 ★ Mike Hughey. King George, VA
48,320 John Cole. King City, Ontario
43,010 Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
39,140 Greg Onlotsky, Ridgefield Park, NY
25,210 John & Krista McCallum,
Woodburn, OR
23.600 John McCallum, Woodburn, OR
22,240 Daniel Milbrath, Ann Arbor, Ml
21,260 Brian Caulley, Reynoldsburg, OH
18,120 Lenny Munitz, Bellerose, NY
17,310 Tyler Bolen, Wheaton, IL
16,660 Jeff Willard, Chireno, TX
GALAX ATTAX
46,450 if Robert Rahmes, Silver Spring, MD
33.350 Aaron Cundiff, Livermore, KY
33.000 Todd Zuehl, Livermore, KY
30.350 Mark Raphael, Englishtown, NJ
GHOST GOBBLER
825,250 if Randy Gerber, Wilmette, IL
103,590 Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
58,270 Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
49.880 Steven Picone, Leomister, MA
INVADERS REVENGE
32.600 if Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
INVASION
82.000 if Harry Sawyer, Watchung, NJ
KATERPILLAR ATTACK
14,375 ★ Norbert Berenyi, Northvale, NJ
12,703 if Warren Schubert, Newfoundland, NJ
12,544 Todd C. Hauschildt, Red Wing, MN
Peter Stumpfi, McHenry, IL
Ron Rhead, Willowdale. Ontario
Mike Hughey, King George, VA
Debbie Purdy, Dearborn, Ml
Dave Mercer, Marissa, IL
Frank Bottino, St. Louis, MO
Alan Mack, Penn Yan, NY
Carl Castillo, Yorktown Heights. NY
Candy Harden, Birmingham, AL
Ben Lattin, Cosmopolis, WA
Perry Denton, New Baden, IL
Bill Schultz, High Bridge, NJ
Tom Schultz, High Bridge, NJ
James Whitt, San Antonio, TX
John Ottesen, E. Hanover, NJ
Brian Rugges, Dayton, OH
Robert R. Franks, Jr„ Toledo, OH
KOSMIC KAMIKAZE
49,900 if Mark Raphael. Englishtown, NJ
MEGA-BUG
13,783 ★
12,236 if
11,886
10,628
10,250
9,049
9,019
8.535
8,313
7,973
5,991
319,500
239.100
238.100
231,400
167.200
131.200
118,800
110,000
Donald Habben, Morrison, IL
Claude Malepart, Montreal, Quebec
John Tiffany, Washington, D.C.
John Yapp, Park Forest, IL
Benjy Nicholls, Lincoln, NE
Sheri Louis, Streator, IL
Scott Little. Somers, IA
Pete McCallum, Woodburn, OR
Chizuru Gannon, Eilson AFB, AK
Christine Hoff, Decatur, IL
Shizuka Gannon, Eilson AFB, AK
SCORE PLAYER
SCORE PLAYER
SCORE PLAYER
METEORS
17,810 ★ Lenny Munitz, Bellerose, NY
MICROBES
259,700 "tfr Sheila Coleman, Griffin, GA
88,120 Kevin Little, Somers, IA
80,400 Ken Miller, Yardley, PA
63,570 Greg Scott & Greg Shields, Orlando, FL
59,330 Cathie Habben, Morrison, IL
44,750 Daniel Milbrath, Ann Arbor, Ml
MR MUNCH
24,680 fa Alan Mack, Penn Yan, NY
MONKEY KONG
1,028 ★ Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
963 w Mark Dowling, San Bruno, CA
MONSTER MAZE
60.000 fa Brian Austin. Rotterdam, NY
53,130 Michael Partridge, Warkworth, Ontario
30.000 fa Claude Malepart, Montreal, Quebec
9,590 John Tiffany, Washington, D.C.
NIBBLER
14,910 ★ Christal Glovinsky, Staten Island, NY
OFFENDER
965,400 ★ Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
PAC ATTACK
88,450 fa Matthew Brenengen, Lake Elmo, MN
31,635 Tyler Bolen, Wheaton, IL
30,650 fa Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
PAC-DROIDS
577,140 ★ Richard Cochrane, Wayne, NJ
140,300 John Yapp, Park Forest, IL
48,640 ☆ Murray Schechter, New York, NY
47.000 Robert M. Russo, Marriotsville, MD
41,380 Benjy Nicholls, Lincoln, NE
38,060 Percy 8utler, Canton, ME
36,900 Jack Rains, Montreal, Quebec
36.000 Wayne G. Perry, Charlottesville, VA
29.500 Richard D. Gordley, Castleton, IL
PACET-MAN
5,000 fa Cameron Amick, Reisterstown. MD
3,392 ★ Norbert Berenyi, Northvale, NJ
PHANTOM SLAYER
180 fa Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
PINBALL
66.650 ☆ Ken Miller, Yardley, PA
PLANET INVASION
286,075 Larry Plaxton, Medley, Alberta
257,900 Ron Rhead, Willowdale, Ontario
221,350 John Cole, King City. Ontario
207,150 Mike Hughey, King George, VA
74,350 Benjy Nicholls, Lincoln, NE
69.500 Jeff Pyne, Port Mouton, Nova Scotia
68.650 Robert Rahmes, Silver Spring, MD
POLARIS
151,154 fa Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
101,000 fa James Quadarella, Brooklyn, NY
98.500 John Cole, King City, Ontario
59,522 John Yapp, Park Forest, IL
57.500 Scott Little, Somers, IA
49,737 Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
49,247 Ron Rhead, Willowdale, Ontario
45,541 Brad Behrendt, Vermillion, OH
POLTERGEIST
4,956 ■jir Mark Dowling, San Bruno, CA
4,745 Bette Munitz, Bellerose, NY
4,455 Ken Miller, Yardley, PA
POPCORN
110,570 fa Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
56.000 James Quadarella, Brooklyn, NY
PROTECTORS
358,514 -fr Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
154,967 Frankie Jimenez, Mesa, AZ
94.000 Gerry Schechter, Yonkers, NY
RAIL RUNNER
38,360 fa Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
13,195 Lenny Munitz, Bellerose. NY
ROBOTTACK
1,197,800 fa Brian Austin, Rotterdam. NY
939.300 Robert Kiser, Monticello, MS
702,200 Stephen Lai, Palatine, IL
527,700 Richard Slapp, Lake Elmo.MN
523,010 Steve Lewallen, Centerville, OH
358.300 Emil Hayek, State College, PA
255,800 Sam Heitz, Chicago, IL
213,870 Carol Wierzba, Southgate, Ml
SHOOTING GALLERY
28.500 fa Kenneth Partridge, Warkworth, Ontario
16,370 Saul Munitz, Bellerose, NY
SHUTTLE SIMULATOR
565 fa John W. Fraysse, Dahlgren, VA
SKIING
40.10 ★
49.43
52.22
1 : 12.11
1:13.13
1:13.17
1:13.40
Fred K. Herrmann, Flemington, NJ
John Scanlan, Prairie Village, KS
Peter Johnson, Chino, CA
Benjy Nicholls, Lincoln, NE
Norbert Berenyi, Northvale, NJ
Donald Habben, Morrison, IL
Daniel Milbrath, Ann Arbor, Ml
SKY DEFENSE
6,700 Mike Anheluk, Fall Creek, OR
6,120 Steve Skrzyniarz, Tacoma, WA
5,200 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
SOLO POOL
103 John W. Fraysse, Dahlgren, VA
SPACE ASSAULT
238,580 John Cole, King City, Ontario
157,140 David Milbrath, Ann Arbor, Ml
156,650 fa Nathan Miller, Portland, OR
135,080 Brian Austin, Rotterdam, NY
122,230 Robert Lightheart, Ellwood City, PA
105,000 Rodney Garner, Denton, NC
66,870 Fred K. Herrmann, Flemington, NJ
54,280 John Yapp, Park Forest, IL
36,930 Tyler Bolen, Wheaton, IL
33.100 Brian Gould, Basking Ridge, NJ
29,270 Todd Little, Somers, IA
SPACE INVADERS
62,300 fa Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
SPACE RACE
59,825 fa Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
58.100 John Cole, King City, Ontario
31,525 fa Gregg Scott, Orlando, FL
4,000 Danielle Gardner, Louisville, KY
SPACE SHUTTLE
594 fa Steve Schweitzer, Sewell, NJ
511 Larry Reitz, Toledo, OH
SPACE WAR
400,190 * Mark Felps, Bedford, TX
116,000 fa Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
52,380 Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
STARBASE ATTACK
21,628 fa Mark Raphael, Englishtown, NJ
STARBLASTER
408,245 fa Mark Dowling, San Bruno, CA
325,790 Mike Anheluk, Fall Creek, OR
126,135 Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
80,001 Alan Lewis, Ridgefield, CT
STARFIRE
2,102,450 fa
1,320,150
1 , 120,000
698.200
618,400
563.200
Dean Bouchard, Kingston, Nova Scotia
Joy Bailey, Lexington, NC
Emil Hayek, State College, PA
Robert E. Courts, Batonia, OH
Peter Stumpfi, McHenry, IL
Daniel Milbrath, Ann Arbor, Ml
STARSHIP CHAMELEON
72,600 fa Jim Baker, Florissant, MO
68,500 fa Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
64,800 David Rosicky, Pittsburgh, PA
STORM
723,335 fa Chris Sweet, Harvard, MA
472,320 John Jaworski, Nashua, NH
380,000 Cameron Amick, Reisterstown, MD
240,745 Todd C. Hauschildt, Red Wing, MN
193,965 Mike Hall, Hartland, Wl
VENTURER
2,152,150 fa
1,769,400
1,526,200
803,100
344,550
Greg Scott, Orlando, FL
Todd C. Hauschildt, Red Wing, MN
Peter Niessen, Carlisle, MA
Emil Hayek, State College, PA
Steve Skrzyniarz, Tacoma, WA
ZAXXON
401,900 "fa Mike Hughey, King George, VA
81.800 fa Matt Cox, Roseville, CA
78,190 Steve Skrzyniarz, Tacoma, WA
74,136 Rod Moore, Wellsville, OH
65,600 Debbie Purdy, Dearborn, Ml
57,200 John Scannell, Renton, WA
SPORTS
16K
ECB I II RAINBOW
STATS
By Edward R. Carson
T his program was written to assist all of us Little League
coaches who have spent hours after each game writing
down each players’ at bats, hits, runs, etc., trying to figure
out all the averages. Well, here is a program to do it for you.
Stats will keep track of at bats, hits, runs, walks, strike
outs and batting average. For the pitchers it tracks innings
pitched, earned runs, hits, strikeouts, walks and earned run
average.
There is space for 15 players. In the pitching program
there is space for seven pitchers.
The program is easy to use and the menus are self-explan-
atory. But, you must input all players’ names first or 7.eros
will be entered in place of the name.
As you are entering the statistics, you will hear a warning
tone as you go from one set of statistics to the next. I found
this helpful as I went through the scorebook with my head
down.
On a 16K, ECB, CLOA D “STAT" then PC LEAR I and
RUN.
I am looking forward to having Stats help me this year; I
hope it can help you, also.
The listing:
9100 .
. 118E
1020 .
. . 02B1
9370 .
. 1339
3080 .
. . 0441
9640 .
. 14E2
3340 .
. . 0623
9890 .
. 1689
5010 .
. . 07C5
10060
. 1926
5086 .
. . 0A27
10215
1ACF
7095 .
. . 0C34
10370
. 1C3F
8230 .
. .0E0E
10540
1DCD
8530 .
. 0FFC
END .
. 1F65
5 CLEAR 1500: CLS
10 : DIM PL* ( 20 ) , AB* ( 20 ) , HT * ( 20 )
, R* (30) , K* (20) , BB* (20) , AV (20)
12 : :
15 ’LITTLE LEAGUE STATS
20 ’BY ED CARSON, 3/ 15/S3
22 :
30 CLS:PRINTTAB(8) "BASEBALL ST A
TS“
35 PRINT STRING* (32, )
( Mr. Carson is a chief operator and instructor for the
Tinken Company in Columbus, Ohio. He and his wife,
Marilyn, have three sons. Mr. Carson has spent the
last 16 years of his spare time coaching baseball, was
president of the Centerburg Little League, and is now
secretary-treasurer of the Tri- County Babe Ruth
league.)
50 PRINT @ 102, " (1) INPUT PLAYERS
II
60 PRINT @134, " (2) ADD TO LIST"
70 PRINT @166, " (3) INPUT STATS"
80 PRINT @198, " (4) PRINT ALL PLAY
ERS"
90 PRINT @230, " (5) PRINT STATS"
100 PRINT0262, " (6) SAVE TO TAPE"
110 PRINT@294, " (7) LOAD FROM TAPE
II
120 PRINT@326, " (8) ADD TO STATS"
121 PRINT@358, " (9) PITCHERS
130 PRINT @427, "WHICH"
135 PRINT@459, " (1-9) "
140 INPUT M
150 IF M<0 OR M>9 THEN 30
160 ON M GOSUB 1000,1055, 3000,4
000, 5000, 6000,7000, 8000, 9000
170 GOTO 30
190 :
995 REM: INPUT PLAYERS
1000 CLS:Y=1
1010 CLS: PRINT @ 8, "INPUT/ADD PL
AYERS"
1020 PRINT @34, "PRESS< ENTER >WHEN
92 the RAINBOW July 1983
THE ORGANIZER
ALBUMS TO HOLD YOUR CASSETTES
Store and organize your cassette library. The Organizer Is
constructed of black vinyl with rigid molded plastic frame to
prevent crushing. Label holder welded on the spine for quick
identification of contents. Order albums filled with BASF-
DPS, C-IO tapes and get an even better deal!
Item
Price
Organizer-12 with Tapes
$12.95
Organizer- 12 without Tapes
$6.95
Organlzer-6 with Tapes
$8.95
Organizer-6 without Tapes
$4.95
Shipping: $2.00 for first item .+ $.50 for each additional item.
THE COCO-SWITCHER
A QUALITY PIECE OF HARDWARE
The CoCo Switcher allows you to hook up three peripherals
to your RS-232 jack. Connect your modem, printer and any
other RS-232 compatible perlpherial to the CoCo Switcher.
Select among these peripherals at the flick of a switch on the
front of the CoCo Switcher or turn them all off. No more
scrambling around behind your computer. No more risk of
harming your computer's RS-232 port. An LED on the CoCo
Switcher shows if your computer is on or off at a glance.
The CoCo Switcher is contained in a sturdy black anodized
steel box which sits firmly on rubber feet.
Dimensions: IVi" (64mm) x 4" (102mm) x5 7 /s” (150mm)
S39.95 plus $2.00 shipping and handling
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE
A Division of Moreton Bay Laboratory
316 CASTILLO STREET
SANTA BARBARA
CALIFORNIA 93101
(805) 962-3127
THE COCO-WRITER
MORETON BAY SOFTWARE’S NEW
WORD PROCESSING SYSTEM
(For the TRS-80 and TDP-100 Color Computers)
EDITING FEATURES
Pleasant green, white and black display. Full screen editing
with cursor control. All keys repeat automatically. Tne word
wrap-around eliminates split words on the screen. Edit any
ASCII file, including Basic programs. Use the calculator
functions of your computer without losing your document in
memory.
Insert, delete or type over characters.
Insert, split, delete or copy lines.
Insert, copy, move or delete blocks of text.
All insert, delete, move and copy commands are completed
virtually instantaneously. Instantaneous response to keyboard
input. Even the fastest typist is not likely to out pace the CoCo-
Writer. Find any word or character string in the document.
Memory count and status indicators show on the edit screen.
All 128 ASCII characters can be entered from the keyboard.
PRINTING FEATURES
Justify text at right or left margin. Justify text at both margins
simultaneously for a professional looking document (such as
this text) . Automatically center text for titles and letter heads.
Automatically number pages beginning at any number
between 0 and 255. Print part or all of a document. Repeat
printing of all or any portion of a document up to a 100 times.
Select single sheet or continuous form printing. Embedded
printer controls. Change Justification, print font, and line
spacing with commands in the text which do not print in the
document. Print in upper/lower case or ail capital letters.
TAPE FEATURES
Document memory space with I6K: 7424 characters.
Memory space with 32K: 23,808 characters. The CoCo-
Writer has the same features on either a 1 6 K or 32K system
and automatically adjusts to memory upgrade. Load and save
files in ASCII or binary format. Load and edit the ASCII files
produced by other word processors. Save part or all of a
document on tape. Merge tape file into existing document in
memory.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES OF DISK VERSION
Spool printing feature allows simultaneous editing and
printing. Menu selections simply and quickly controlled with
cursor. Control I to 4 disk drives. Load and save files on disks in
any one of these drives. Split screen disk directory for all disk
input and output menus. Improved directory scrolling. File
names do not disappear off the top of the screen. Error
trapping for all disk file names. If you enter an invalid
command, the command will be terminated and the system
will report the type of error.
CoCo-Writer comes with excellent documentation. The
clearly written manual includes a table of contents and an
index. A separate, sturdy, laminated card contains a summary
of all commands for quick reference.
CASSETTE VERSION I6K OR 32K EXTENDED BASIC
$34.95
DISK VERSION ON CASSETTE I6K OR 32K
EXTENDED BASIC
$44.95
(Protect your investment! Quick and automatic cassette load
onto disk providing a dependable disk backup.)
California Residents, Add 6% Sales Tax to Orders
FINISHED"
1030 PR I NT -.PRINT " PLAYER "Y 5
1040 INPUT PL*(Y>
1045 IF LEN (PL* (Y> > >7 THEN 1046
ELSE 1050
1046 Y=Y: PR I NT: PR I NT" RE< ENTER >
PLAYERS NAME USE (7) LETTERS 0
NLY"
1047 FORT=1TO920: NEXT T:GOTO1030
1050 IF PL*(Y)=" "GOTO 30ELSE 106
0
1055 Y=Y : GOTO 1010
1060 Y=Y+1
1070 GOTO 1030
1080 :
1090 :
2999 REM: INPUT HITS
3000 CLS: SOUND200, 5: FOR Y=1 TO 1
5
3010 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FIN I
SHED"
3020 PR I NT "ENTER HITS FOR " ; PL* (
Y) :
3030 INPUT HT*(Y>
3040 IF HT* ( Y) =" " THEN 3100
3050 Y=Y+1
3060 GOTO 3020
3080 :
3099 REM: INPUT AT BATS
3100 CLS : SOUND 200, 5: FORY=l TO 1
5
3110 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
3120 : PR I NT "ENTER AT BATS FOR "P
L* ( Y)
3130 INPUT AB* ( Y)
3140 IF AB*(Y)=" "THEN 3200
3150 Y=Y+1
3160 GOTO 3120
3180 :
3199 REM: INPUT RUNS
3200 CLS : SOUND 200,5: FOR Y= 1 T
0 15
3210 PRINT "PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FIN
I SHED"
3220 PR I NT "ENTER RUNS FOR " PL*
< Y)
3230 INPUT R*(Y>
3240 IF R*(Y)=" "THEN 3300
3250 Y=Y+1
3260 GOTO 3220
3280 :
3299 REM: INPUT STRIKE OUTS
3300 CLS: SOUND 200,5: FOR Y=1 TO
15
3310 PR I NT "ENTER STRIKE OUTS FOR
"PL* (Y)
3320 INPUT K* ( Y)
3330 IF K* ( Y) =" "THEN 3400
3340 Y=Y+1
1 NORTH WEST DATA
15% to 20% OFF
Donkey King
TM
NOW JUST:
$21.20
Colorpede
Int
$25.45
Astro Blast
MD
$19.96
Doodle Bug
CW
$19.96
Space Race
Sp
$18.65
Planet Invasion
Sp
$18.65
Pacdroids
PG
$15.96
Starfire
Int
$18.65
Haywire
MD
$19.96
PRINTERS
GEMINI 10
Serial Card for GEMINI
$339.95
$74.95
Special prices in our news letter
that only our customers
will know about!!
Write or call for catalog.
NORTH WEST DATA
P. O. Box 7175 Spokane, Wa. 99207-0175
(509) 489-5133
Add 5% for postage and handling
Add $3.00 for C.O.D. orders
No C.O.D. on PRINTERS
94 the RAINBOW July 1983
Complete Personal Accountant:
we've made the best
much more friendly.
If you have any doubts that we offer the best and
most complete personal financial package available,
look over the features listed below. Now we have
the only package with full screen editing for Atari
400/800? TRS-80 COLOR, Commodore 64* and
VIC-20; the ability to move the cursor in any direc-
tion makes our accountant-designed package
even more friendly than before. No one else
offers all of these:
1. CHECKBOOK MAINTENANCE—
automatically balances your checkbook
with each entry; manages checks,
charges, deposits, and interest quick-
ly and accurately.
2. CHART OF ACCOUNTS-
maximum of user flexibilty with
up to 99 accounts plus 9 sub-
categories may be defined.
3. CHECK SEARCH— mul-
ti-reference; tracks items
on every field including
tax deductibles.
4. NET WORTH/
INCOME/EXPENSE
STATE ME NT -
know-exactly-
where-you-stand
program generates
statements with the
touch of a key.
5. DETAIL & SUMMARY
BUDGET ANALYSIS-an
absolute necessity in financial
planning.
6. CHECK WRITER-prints
personalized checks**
7. PAYMENTS/APPOINTMENTS CALENDAR-
monthly displays of up to 250 bills and 200
appointments.
8. COLOR GRAPH DESIGN PACKAGE -graphs
all monthly files.
9. MAILING LIST— maintains all records, sorts by
name or zip, allows add/change/delete.
10. FRIENDLY USER MANUAL— complete
with indexing, flow charts and diagrams; the
most thorough documentation on the
market.
This all adds up to the finest personal
financial system available— compre-
hensive enough for a small business.
Less than one hour of data input
per month will allow this menu-
driven package to help you
handle your finances with a
lot more fun than drudgery.
Plus, ours is the only
expandable system; pur-
chase the package in
sections and add on
as your financial
needs grow. Fea-
tures 1,2, 3 and 6:
$39.95 diskette,
$36.95 cassette; Fea-
tures 4 and 5: $29.95
diskette, $26.95 cassette;
Features 7, 8 and 9: $29.95
diskette, $26.95 cassette; or
save $19.90 or $15.90
respectively by buying the
entire system for $79.95 dii
kette, $74.95 cassette.
•Random Access available for disk. **32K only.
Prices subject to change without notice. See your local dealer or order direct. New catalog available.
Add $3.00 for postage and handling. Credit card orders call toll free:
1-800-334-SOFT
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
programirier’ateifi’il’raws
a division of FUTUREHOUSE) INC*
p.o. box 3470, dept. R, chapel hill, north Carolina 27514, 919-967-0861
3350 GOTO 3310
3360 :
3399 REM: INPUT WALKS
3400 CLS: SOUND 200,5: FOR Y=1 TO
15
3410 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
3420 PRINT"ENTER WALKS FOR "PL$<
Y)
3430 INPUT BB$(Y>
3440 IF BB$ ( Y > = " " THEN 30
3450 Y=Y+1
3460 GOTO 3420
3570 :
3900 REM PRINT PLAYERS
4000 FOR X= 1 TO Y -1 STEP 15
4010 FOR Z=X TO X + 14
4020 PRINT Z;PL$(Z)
4030 NEXT Z
4040 NEXT X
4100 I NPUT " PRESS< ENTER >TO CONTIN
UE";C$
4110 RETURN
4130 :
4990 REM: PRINT STATS
5000 CLS: FOR Y=1 TO 15: GOTO 5010
5005 Y=Y
5010 V=40:I*="AB HT R K B
B AV"
C a TaCoMb!
The best features of many games packed in-
to one! Avoid enemy patrols while getting
fuel for your escape from the CATACOMB!
Then travel the hyperspace corridor to your
mothership as you dodge space mines and
enemy ships. Hi-Res, Multi-Screen, Multi-
Color, Machine Language, Fast Action!!
16K Tape $19.95 Disk $23.95
Joystick Required
PEEK COPY
Copies machine language tape programs,
even most autostart! Displays start, end, ex-
ecute addresses and memory! Allows you to
change or Insert machine code! The copy
program with a difference! Written in
machine language.
16K Tape $11.95
please add $2.00 for each order
postage/handling.
(extended basic not required)
Oregon Color Computer
PO Box 11468 Eugene Or 97440
* I
5020 PRINT08, I $
5030 y=y:let ht=val<ht$(y> ) :let
AB= VAL<AB$(Y>>
5035 IF AB=0 THEN AB=1
5040 AV=HT/AB*1000
5045 F=FI X ( AV)
5046 LN=LEN(AB*<Y> ) : MB=4— LN
5047 I F LEN ( AB$ ( Y) ) < >4THENAB$ < Y >
=AB$ ( Y ) +STR I NG$ ( MB , " ">
5048 AN=LEN (HT$ ( Y) > : CB=5-AN
5049 IF LEN(HT*(Y> ) < >5THENHT$ < Y>
=HT$<Y)+STRING*(CB, " " )
5050 BN=LEN(R* <Y> ) : DB=4— BN
5051 IF LEN<R* <Y) > <4THENR* < Y> =R$
( Y ) +STR I NG$ ( DB , " " ) ELSE 5052
5052 CN=LEN(K$(Y) > :EB=4-CN
5053 IF LEN<K$<Y> > <4THENK$ < Y) =K$
(Y) +STRING* (EB, " " )
5054 EN=LEN <BB* (Y) ) : DB=3-EN
5055 IF LEN(BB*(Y) )<3THENBB*(Y)=
BB*(Y)+STRING$(DB, " ")
5065 PRINTPL$(Y) :PRINT@V, AB$<Y)H
T$(Y)R$(Y>K$<Y>BB$(Y>F
5081 Y=Y+l:IF Y=16 THEN 5100
5083 V=V+64:IF Y=60R Y=12 THEN 5
085 ELSE 5030
5085 I NPUT "PRESS ENTER TO CONTIN
UE";C*
5086 CLS: GOTO 5005
5100 I NPUT "PRESS< ENTER >T0 CONTIN
UE"5 C$
5110 GOTO 30
6000 CLS: PRINT© 135, "SAVE STATS 0
N TAPE"
6010 PRINT0235, "REWIND TAPE"
6020 PRINT0300, "PRESS PLAY AND R
ECORD"
6030 PRINT0388, "PRESS< ENTER > WHEN
READY"
6040 INPUT C*
6050 OPEN " 0 " , 1 , " STATS "
6060 FOR Y=1T015-1
6070 PRINT #-l,PL$<Y) , AB$(Y> ,HT$
<Y> ,R$<Y> ,K*<Y> , BB*<Y) ,F
6080 NEXT Y
6090 CLOSE#- 1: RETURN
7000 CLS: PR I NT© 136, "LOAD STATS F
ROM TAPE"
7010 PRINT0235, "REWIND TAPE"
7020 PRINT@300, "PRESS PLAY"
7030 PRINT0388, "PRESS< ENTER >WHEN
READY"
7040 INPUT C$
7050 OPEN" I", #-l, "STATS"
7060 Y=1
7070 IF EOF (— 1 ) THEN 7097
7080 INPUT #-l,PL«(Y), AB$(Y),HT
*<Y) ,R*(Y> ,K* <Y) , BB*<Y> ,F
7095 Y=Y+1
96 the RAINBOW July 1983
JiJitSOFT CITY
Your largest single source of programs and products for the COLOR COMPUTER / TDP 100
THE GEMINI-10
AN ASTRONOMICAL ARRAY
OF FEATURES
FOR A DOWN-TO-EARTH PRICE
warn
SAVE $80.00
Our incredible Gemini-10 package - a
PRINTING SYSTEM ready to plug in to
your Color Computer NOTHING MORE
TO BUY. Includes serial to parallel
converter, graphic screen print software,
deluxe user manual, and 5 minute setup
instructions! A $479.00 value. Complete
package ONLY $399*.
Parallel printer only, $319.' Order yours
today!
" ' 'WT / GEMINI-10
/ DOT MATRIX PRINTER
MORE QUALITY: 100 cps • thruput time of 48 Ipm • high resolution
(120x144) bit image & block (6x6) graphics • extra fast forms feed
MORE FLEXIBILITY: super/subscript • underlining • backspacing
• double strike mode • emphasized print mode • 2.3K buffer
• compatible with most software supporting leading printers • 10"
carriage • 15" carriage Gemini-15 available
MORE RELIABILITY: 180 day warranty (90 days for head & ribbon)
• mtbf rate of more than 5 million lines • print head life of more
than 100 million characters
THE POWER BEHIND THE PRINTED WORD.
SAVE $130.00!!!
The perfect business
printer at the perfect
price!
Wide 15" carriage
handles any accounting
report or spreadsheet
assignment. Same great
features as Gemini-10.
Complete package as
described above. A
$729.00 value for
ONLY $599.*
Printer only, $519.'
SKYLINE 64K Memory Upgrade Kits
8 guaranteed 200 n.s. 64K memory chips, solderless installation instructions,
Skyline's 64K BOOT and PAGER progams (a $19.95 value). All for the super
low price of $59.00! Order yours today!
IL
micronics-inc
/ordering
INFORMATION
ALL ITEMS SHIPPED
FROM STOCK
Phone orders
may be placed at:
(312) 260-0929
(Our voice line),
or with your
computer at:
(312) 260-0640
(Our MODEM line)
C.O.D. orders gladly accepted,
$2.00 additional.
Mail orders
and requests for catalogs
should be sent to:
SOFT CITY
442 Sunnyside
Wheaton, IL
60187
*10 shipping & handling fee on
all printers.
Exciting fast paced arcade
game that looks and plays like
the popular arcade game
“DEFENDER",
Wave after wave of enemy
fighters drop bombs on your
city. Destroy them before they
•FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER & TDP 100 • 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49505.(616) 364-4791*
“THE FROG”
(C) 1983
•“ARCADE ACTION***
This one will give you
hours of exciting play. . .
Cross the busy highway
to the safety of the me-
dian and rest awhile
before you set out across
thes swollen river team-
ing with hidden hazards.
Outstanding sound and
graphics.
THE
f R P<
V s ' \A ft
16K MACHINE LANGUAGE
$27.95 TAPE
$30.95 DISK
THE
KING
1982
32K Machine Language
$26.95 tape
$29.95 disk
ARCADE ACTION - How high can you climb? Four full graphic
screens. Exciting Sound - Realistic graphics. Never before has
the color computer seen a game like this. Early reviews say:
Just like the arcade - Simply outstanding!
“YAAZEE”
(C) 1983
$19.95
-r~c- 16K MACHINE LANGUAGE
EXT. BASIC
Yaazee is a 2 player game using five dice to get the
best poker hand. After game is loaded flashing
digit below player number determines which
player rolls dice at the start of the game.
SPACE
SHUTTLE
1983
32 K Ext. Basic
$28.95
TAPE
ONLY
This program gives you the real
feeling of flight. Full instrumenta-
tion complete to the max. Actual
simulation of space flight. 32K
Ext. Basic
‘TRAPFALL”
By KEN KALISH
(C) 1983
•“ARCADE ACTION***
The "Pitfalls” in this
game are many. Hidden
treasures, jump over the
pits, swing on the vine,
watch out for alligators,
beware of the scorpion.
Another game for the
Color Computer with the
same high resolution
graphics as "The King.”
16K MACHINE LANGUAGE
TAPE $27.95
DISK $30.95
KATERPILLAR
wwwtl w; JWUI VIIJ. UUUII U 1 V
mother ships appear firing laser blasts at you. Watch for the
heat seeking mines.
$24.95 TAPE $27.95 DISK 32K MACHINE CODE
COLOR GOLF 1
Now sit at your computer and play
nine or eighteen holes. Outstanding l
graphics in the fairway or on the I
green. Helps your game.
32K EXTENDED BASIC $17.95
ADD $1.00 POSTAGE & HANDLING
MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4% SALES TAX
ATTACK
Outstanding graphics and sound will 5>J
end all of those trips to the arcade. So }P ? t
much like the arcade you have to see it V /
to believe it. Requires Ext. Basic. cr
16K MACHINE LANGUAGE $21.95
DISK $24.95
OTHER GREAT GAMES
ALL PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K
BIRD ATTACK-A fast paced machine language arcade game.
Shoot the birdmen before they descend upon you. Watch out
for their bombs! 16K Machine Language $21.95
MAZE RACE-Maze race is a one or two player game. Play either
against the built in timer or against your favorite opponent. 16K
Machine Code $17.95
SOLO POOL-Now play pool with your color computer. Two
players. Plays like machine language. Super color. High resolu-
tion graphics. 16K Ext. Basic $17.95
ADVENTURES
TREK-16-Travel thru space with Spock and Capt. Kirk. Adven-
ture. Tough! Ext. Basic. $17.95
SHIPWRECK-Escape from a desert isle if you can. Great
Adventure! Ext. Basic. $ 14.95
ESCAPE FROM SPECTRE (Graphic Adventure)-You are a
secret agent for British Intelligence sent on a mission to obtain
the secret nerve gas formula being developed by S.P.E.C.T.R.E.
to destroy the world. 16K Ext. Basic $17.95
Call our BBS Number 616-364-8217 24 Hours a Day
3 • TOP ROYALTIES PAID
: • LOOKING FOR NEW SOFTWARE
I
•FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER & TDP 100 • 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, Ml 49505 (616) 364-4791*
UTILITIES
COLOR MONITOR-Written in position independent code. (May
be located in any free memory). Very compact. Only occupies
1174 bytes of memory. Full Featured. Includes Break-Pointing
of machine language programs, register display and modify,
memory display and modify, and block memory move com-
mands. Displays memory in hex and ascii format on one line 8
bytes long. MACHINE LANGUAGE $24.95
ROM-This program is a utility that will move “most" 8K Rom-
Packs to disk and allow you to run them from disk. Easy to use.
Requires 64K. $17.95
SCREEN PRINT ROUTINE-Using your Epson or Microline
Printer. Print the screen contents on a full size 8 Vi x 11 sheet.
16K Ext. Basic $17.95
TAPE DUPE Now — an all new Tape Backup Program. Even
copies those hard to copy Auto-Execute Programs. Protect
your software by making a backup copy. Probably the finest
tape copier program ever. 16K Maching Language. TAPE $21.95
DISK $25.95
DISK TO TAPE-, Dump the contents of most disk, to tape
automatically. Machine Language. $17.95
TAPE TO DISK - Load the contents of most tapes to disk
automatically. Machine Language. $17.95
MAIL LIST-Maintain a complete mailing list with phone
numbers etc. Ext. Basic. DISK BASED $17.95
THE FIXER-Having trouble moving those 600 Hex progams to
disk? The fixer will help. Completely automatic. $17.95
TAPE CAT-All new machine language program lists contents of
tapes to printer. Make a catalog of your tapes. $17.95
PROGRAM PRINTER UTILITY -This program will list basic pro-
grams to your printer in two column format. Saves paper and
makes your listing look professional. Disk based. $17.95
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE For The Color Computer and TDP 100
STORY PROBLEMS is a program that is designed to give practice in
solving STORY PROBLEMS (sometimes called STATEMENT, THOUGHT
or WORD PROBLEMS) on the COLOR COMPUTER. It Is suitable for use
in either a home or school environment. It is also a tool that will allow
you to create new story problems to suit your children's needs and abili-
ty levels. It has many features that make it particularly attractive: Story
problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division or a
combination of the four are presented to the student by slowly scrolling
each letter of each problem onto the screen. Up to 5 students may use
the program at the same time. There are 4, user modifiabale, skill levels.
16K Ext. Basic TAPE $19.95
CLOCK-With the ever increasing use of digital clocks, more and more
young people are unpracticed in the use of the "ANALOG" clocks. You
remember those, the ones with the hands. This program will attempt to
teach the relationship between the two types of clocks.
REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $14.95
SPELLING TEST is designed to give a standard oral spelling test using
the audio track of the computer’s tape recorder to dictate test words and
sample sentences. Student responses are typed on the keyboard qnd
checked by the computer. Results are displayed on the screen and (if
connected) on a printer. REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $19.95
MATH DRILL is a program designed to help children to practice addi-
tion, subtraction, multiplication, and division skills on the COLOR COM-
PUTER. It has several features that make its use particularly attractive.
• Up to 6 students may use the program at the same time.
• Answers for addition, subtraction and multiplication are entered
from right to left, just as they are written on paper.
•Commas may be included in the answers.
• Partial products for the multiplication problems may be com-
puted on the screen.
•Division answers that have a remainder are entered as a whole
number followed by the letter “R" and the remainder.
•There are ten, user modifiable, skill levels.
• A "SMILEY FACE" is used for motivation and reward. Its size in-
creases relative to the skill level.
•Skill levels automatically adjust to the student's ability.
•A timer measures the time used to answer each problem and the
total time used for a series of problems.
•After a problem has been answered incorrectly the correct answer
appears under (above in division) the incorrect answer.
REQUIRES 16K EXT BASIC $19.95
WORD DRILL is designed to give a multiple choice vocabulary quiz.
Words and definitions are entered into the program from the keyboard or
from a tape file. The computer displays a randomly chosen definition
and eight word choices. The student must enter his response before a
built in timer reaches zero.
REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $19.95
SEARCH-A-WORD This Program generates a word search puzzle to your
specifications. You specify the size of the puzzle and the number of
words that it is to hide within the puzzle. 16K or 32K Ext. Basic.
TAPE $17.95 FLEX VERSION $27.95
EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE - SPELLING TEST -
WORD DRILL - MATH DRILL - ESTIMATE -
ALL FOR — $69.95
ESTIMATE is a program designed to help children to practice estimating
the answers to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
problems on the COLOR COMPUTER. It has many features that make Its
th! use of 9 he '^ANALOG" clocks You *Up to 5 students may use the program at the same time.
p hands Thit nronram wilf a^emoUo • There are 5 ' user modifiable, skill levels.
ie two types of P c°ockT W a,,ernpt 0 ‘The acceptable percent error may be changed as a student's skill
REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $14.95 P mer measures the number of seconds used to answer each
problem and the total time used for a series of problems.
ive a standard oral spelling test using «|f a problem has been answered incorrectly, the student Is told the
tape recorder to dictate test words and percent error and asked to try again.
onses are typed on the keyboard qnd .|f a problem is answered incorrectly a second time, the student is
ts are displayed on the screen and (if told the correct answer and the range of acceptable answers is
REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $19.95 displayed.
•A report is given at the end of each set of problems that Includes the
. -hhi number of problems done, the number of problems answered cor-
nH d H SiM « nnthp PS? ‘fS ’pom rectly on the first try and the average percent error.
at d make Us use particularly aUracdve’ * The (BREAK > ke V has been disabled so that a child will not in-
: program a. the £ame time" advertentl * 5,09 ,he P r °9 ram ,rom runnm9 16K EXT BASIC $19 95
iction and multiplication are entered
are written on paper. TEACHERS’ DATABASE is a program designed to allow a teacher to
the answers. keep a computerized file of information about his/her students. There
■implication problems may be com- ar e many features that make this program particularly attractive.
• Information on as many as 100 students (or more) may be in the
a remainder are entered as a whole computer at one time.
• "R" and the remainder. . Each student may have as many as 20 (or more) individual
3 , skill levels. items of data in his/her record,
or motivation and reward. Its size in- • The program will run from cassette or disk.
!vel. • Cassette and disk files are completely compatable.
jst to the student's ability. • The program is menu driven.
ised to answer each problem and the • Records may be easily changed, deleted, combined or
f problems. added.
swered incorrectly the correct answer • Information about students may be numerical or text,
ion) the incorrect answer. • Records may be quickly alphabetized.
REQUIRES 16K EXT BASIC $19.95 • Records may be sorted by various criteria.
• Records may be reordered (ranked) based on test scores or
ve a multiple choice vocabulary quiz. other data.
i into the program from the keyboard or • Data displayed during a sort may be printed on a printer or
lisplays a randomly chosen definition saved on disk or cassette as a new file.
lent must enter his response before a • A full statistical analysis of data may be done and sent to the
printer.
REQUIRES 16K EXT. BASIC $19.95 • Student test scores may be weighted. 32K EXT BASIC TAPE $39.95
DISC $42.95
Call our BBS Number 616-364-8217 24 Hours a Day
• ADD $1.00 POSTAGE & HANDLING • TOP ROYALTIES PAID •
MICHIGAN RESIDENTS ADD 4% SALES TAX • LOOKING FOR NEW SOFTWARE
7096 GOTO 7070
7097 CLOSE#- l: RETURN
7200 :
7900 REM: ADD STATS
8000 CLS: SOUND 1,5: FOR Y=1 TO 15
8010 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8100
8020 PRINT PL$ (Y) "S" " HITS THIS
GAME"
8030 INPUT H2:
8040 HT=VAL<HT*(Y> )
8050 HT* < Y ) =STR$ ( HT +H2 )
8060 Y=Y+l: GOTO 8010
8080 :
8090 : REM: ADD AT BATS
8100 SOUND1 , 5: FOR Y=1 TO 15
8110 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8200
8120 PRINT PL$<Y)"S" " AT BATS TH
IS GAME"
8130 INPUT H3:
8140 AB=VAL(AB$(Y) )
8150 AB$ ( Y ) =STR$ ( AB+H3 )
8160 Y=Y+l: GOTO 8110
8180 :
8190 : REM: ADD RUNS
8200 SOUND 1,5: FOR Y=1 TO 15
8210 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8300
8220 PRINT PL$(Y)"S"" RUNS THIS
GAME"
8230 INPUT R2:
8240 R=VAL<R*<Y))
8250 R$ <Y)=STR$<R+R2)
8260 Y=Y+1 : GOTO 8210
8280 :
8290 : REM: ADD STRIKE OUTS
8300 SOUND 1,5: FOR Y=1 TO 15
8310 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8400
8320 PRINT PL$<Y)"S ""STRIKE OUT
S THIS GAME"
8330 INPUT K2:
8340 K=VAL<K$(Y))
8350 K*(Y)=STR*(K+K2>
8360 Y=Y+1 : GOTO 8310
8380 :
8390 : REM: ADD WALKS
8400 SOUND 1,5: FOR Y=1 TO 15
8410 CLS: IF Y=16 THEN 8500
8420 PRINT PL$(Y) "S"" WALKS THIS
GAME"
8430 INPUT B2:
8440 B=VAL <BB$ (Y) )
8450 BB$ < Y) =STR$ (B2+B)
8460 Y=Y+1 : GOTO 8410
8480 :
8490 : REM NEW AVERAGES
8500 FOR Y= 1 TO 15
8510 CLS: IF Y= 16 THEN30
8530 LET HT=VAL<HT$ <Y) ) : LET AB=V
AL<AB$<Y> )
COLOR COMPUTER and TDP— lOO OWNERS ! « !
00 YOU HAVE A 32K SYSTEM WITH 64K MEMORY CHIPS?? ARE YOU STILL BEING TOLD YOU CAN ONLY USE 32K FROM BASIC??
DON'T BELIEVE IT! - KEY COLOR SOFTWARE brings you the KEY-264K. An exciting NEW SOFTWARE utility that allows any
STANDARD 32K COLOR COMPUTER TO ACCESS 64K R&l FROM BASIC, and with NO HARDWARE MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED!!!
The KEY-264K divides the 64K ram memory into two 32K banks or sides, each of which can be utilized independently
by the BASIC interpreter, with the ability to switch instantly from one side to the other. IT'S LIKE HAVING TWO
CDMPLTERS IN ONE!! Have your BASIC program on one side and keep your variables on the other side, or have your
main program on one side and your subroutines on the other side, or have your program on one side and use the
other side for 4 additional Hi -RES pages, or any combination you like. The possibilities are endless because the
KEY-264K allows full communication between sides plus the ability to switch back and forth at will, all from
within BASIC. You could also have different programs in each side and switch back and forth between them using
simple keystrokes, even while the programs are running!! Or run them both at the same time in the
FOREGROIJND/BACKGRuUND MULTI-TASKING mode. Don't buy that printer buffer yet! With the KEY-264K you can be printing
in the background side while utilizing your computer normally in the foreground side AT THE SAME TIME!!! Debugging
a program? Use either a BASIC command or simple keystrokes to instantly duplicate your program, in it's present
status, onto the opposite side. Switch to the opposite side later and pick up exactly where you were before!
For DISK users, the KEY-264K allows you to alternate between DISK and EXTENDED BASIC on the same side with simple
keystrokes. No need to pull your disk controller or power down. You can be in EXTENDED BASIC on one side and in
DISK BASIC on the other side and still switch back and forth and have full communications between the two sides.
The KEY-264K does all this and MORE thru extensions to the BASIC interpreter, No need to learn a new language!!!
In total the KEY-264K adds 15 NEW CCWANDS and 1 function to BASIC, including powerful new BLOCK MEMORY MOVE and
GRAPHICS VIEWING commands.
NOTHING ELSE LIKE IT - YOU MVE TO SEE IT TO BELIEVE IT !!!!!!
The KEY-264K works on 32K systems with “E*. ’F", or even modified "D* boards and requires EXTENDED or DISK BASIC
with GOOD 64K MEMORY CHIPS! Systems with piggy-back 32K or half-good 64K memory chips WILL NOT WORK!!!
ORDER YOUR KEY-264K CASSETTE TODAY by sending check or money order for $39.35 plus $2.00 shipping and handlinq
(Mass, residents add 5 % sales tax) to:
KEY COLOR SOFTWARE
P.O. BOX 360
HARVARD MA. 01451
100 the RAINBOW July 1983
8535 IF AB=0THEN AB=1
8540 AV=HT/AB*1000
8550 GOTO 30
8900 CLEAR 500
9000 CLS
9006 PR I NTTAB < 9 > " P I TCH I NG STATS "
9007 PRINT STRING* (32, "*">
9010 PR I NTTAB <7> "WHICH DO YOU W
ANT"
9015 PRINT STRING* <32,
9020 PR I NTTAB (8) "(1) LIST PITCH
ERS"
9030 PR I NTTAB <8) "(2) ADD TO LIS
T"
9040 PR I NTTAB <8) " <3) INPUT STAT
S"
9050 PR I NTTAB (8) " <4) PRINT STAT
S"
9060 PR I NTTAB (8) " (5) ADD TO STAT
S"
9070 PR I NTTAB (8) "(6) SAVE TO TA
PE"
9080 PR I NTTAB <8) "(7) LOAD FROM
TAPE"
9085 PR I NTTAB (8) "(8) RETURN TO
MENU
9090 PR I NTTAB < 13) "(1-7) ?"
9100 INPUT W
9110 ON W GOSUB 9190,9200,9310,9
820, 10000, 10500, 10600, 30
9120 IF W*=" "THEN 9110
9130 :
9160 REM: INPUT PITCHERS
9180 :
9190 CLS:FORY=lTO 7
9200 y=y:cls
9210 PR I NTTAB < 1 1 ) " I NPUT P I TCHERS
II
9220 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9230 PR I NT "PITCHER" Y;
9240 INPUT PT* < Y)
9250 IF PT* ( Y> = " " THEN 9000
9260 Y=Y+1
9270 GOTO 9230
9290 :
9300 REM: INPUT STATS
9310 CLS:F0RY=1T07
9320 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9330 PRINT: PRINT"HITS GIVEN UP B
Y "PT* ( Y)
9340 INPUT HG* ( Y)
9350 IF HG* <Y) ="" THEN 9410
9360 Y=Y+1
9370 GOTO 9330
DATABASE / MAILER - 'CC-DBM' $49.95
LETTER WRITER - ' CC - LW' $39.95
introductory offer - FREE! CC-LW purchase of CC-DBM
Database/ Mailer "CC - DBM" 16K or 32K
• Simple to use even for the novice
• Active Main Menu guides user to valid operations.
• 32K disk (or tape) allows 59, (61) to 338, (351) records.
• 16K disk (or tape) allows 12, (15) to 72, (86) records.
• 4 to 10 fields, 5 to 27 widths, 20 to 270 char. /record.
• All user definable with default values for ease of use.
• Automatic memory sense adjusts to the size of your system.
• Fast Basic sort by any field with "Percent Sorted" display.
• Automatically adjusts for empty address lines - no gaps.
• Print up to 9 line labels on envelopes or mailing labels.
• Optional special printer codes for customized labels.
• Master printout with 2 column format including field name.
• Automatically prints header with date, paging and filename.
• Works with any printer, use friction or tractor feed.
• Selective printing by any field or field range.
• Optional multiple copies of mailing labels.
• Single screen 10 record display by user defined field.
• Single key entry provides hard copy of screen data.
• Comprehensive 25 page users manual with flow diagrams.
• Includes detailed instructions for user modification.
• Compatible with CC-LW for mail-merge, form letters, etc.
Letter Writer "CC - LW " 16K or 32K
• Much easier to use than a 'word processor.
• Allows fast single page letter writing.
• Embedded commands for centering, multiple line skip,
tabbing and optional indent new paragraph.
• 16K or 32K tape or disk.
• Edit mode allows you to delete or insert text.
• Uses CC-DBM data files for form letter capability.
• Works with any printer and standard paper.
• Excellent users manual.
CC-DBM 16K, 32K disk or tape 849.95
RAINBOW VfCA
CC-LW 1 6K, 32K disk or tape 839.95
PLEASE SPECIFY TAPE OR DISK -
To order, send check or money order to: ttjj
EVS Engineering
9528 Suite 35, Miramar Road
San Diego, CA 92126
Or check your local software dealer. For questions, credit card
orders, call (619) 695-1385 or (619) 566-6013 on weekdays
8 A M. to 4 P.M. PST. We will be glad to help.
Dealer inquiries invited.
California residents please add sales tax - 6%.
Allow 2 weeks for personal checks.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 101
9390 :
9400 : REM: INNINGS PITCHED
9410 CLS:F0RY=1T07
9420 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9430 PRINT" INNINGS PITCHED FOR "
; PT* ( Y)
9440 INPUT IP* ( Y)
9450 IF IP*(Y)=" "THEN 9520
9460 Y=Y+1
9470 GOTO 9430
9500 :
9510 REM: STRIKE OUTS
9520 CLS:F0RY=1T07
9530 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9540 PR I NT "STRIKE OUTS FOR "PT*<
Y)
9550 INPUT SO* ( Y)
9560 IF SO* < Y ) = " " THEN 9620
9570 Y=Y+1
9580 GOTO 9540
9600 :
9610 REM: WALKS
9620 CLS:F0RY=1T07
9630 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9640 PR I NT "WALKS GIVEN UP BY "PT
* ( Y)
COLOR-FORTH
| Including SEMI GRAPHIC-8 EDITOR
! + UTILITIES
-Disk and Tape utilities
-Boot from disk or tape
— Graphics and Sound commands
“Printer commands
-Auto-repeat and Control keys
“Past task multiplexing
-Unique TRACE function in kernal
i —Clean INTERRUPT handling
in HIGH-LEVEL FORTH
-CPU CARRY FLAG accessible
—Game of L I FE demo
-ULTRA FAST: written in assembler
-Directions included for
installing optional ROM in
disk controller or cartridge
-Free Basic game "RATMAZE"
*5e _ «75
FORTH
Hoyt Stearns Electronics
4131 E. CANNON DR PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85028
602 - 996-1717
9650 INPUT W* ( Y)
9660 IF W* ( Y> = " "THEN 9720
9670 Y=Y+1
9680 GOTO 9640
9700 :
9710 REM: EARNED RUNS
9720 CLS:F0RY=1T07
9730 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >WHEN FINI
SHED"
9740 PR I NT "EARNED RUNS ALLOWED B
Y "PT* ( Y)
9750 INPUT ER*(Y)
9760 IF ER* ( Y) =" " THEN 9000
9770 Y=Y+1
9780 GOTO 9740
9800 :
9810 : REM: PRINT STATS
9820 CLS: FOR Y=1 TO 7
9830 PRINTS10, "HT" : PRINT@13, " IP"
9840 PRINT617, "K" : PRINT020, "BB"
9850 PR I NT024 , " R " : PR I NT627 , " ERA "
9860 LET ER=VAL (ER* ( Y) )
9870 LET I P=VAL ( I P* ( Y ) )
9880 I FER=0THENE V=0
9881 IF ER=0THEN 9897
9890 EV=ER/IP*7
9891 IF LEN ( HG* ( Y ) ) < 3THENHG* ( Y ) =
HG*(Y>+" ":G0T09891
9892 IFLEN(IP*(Y> ><4THENIP*(Y>=I
P*(Y)+" ":GOTO 9892
9893 IFLEN (SO* < Y) > <3THENS0* ( Y) =S
0* ( Y) +" ":GOTO 9893
9894 I FLEN ( W* < Y) ) < 4THENW* ( Y ) =W* (
Y) +" " : G0T09894
9895 IFLEN (ER* (Y) )<3THENER*(Y)=E
r*(Y)+" ":GOTO 9895
9896 IF LEN < PT * ( Y ) ) < 8THENPT * ( Y ) =
PT* ( Y) GOTO 9896
9897 EV*=STR* (EV)
9898 IF LEN ( E V* ( Y ) ) < 5THENE V* ( Y ) =
EV* (Y> +" " : G0T09898
9900 PRINT PT * ( Y > T AB (10) HG* ( Y ) I
P* ( Y) SO* ( Y) W* ( Y) ER* ( Y) EV
9910 Y=Y+1
9920 IF Y=8 THEN 9930 ELSE 9860
9930 PRINT" PRESS< ENTER >T0 CONTIN
UE": INPUT C*
9940 GOTO 9000
9960 :
9970 : REM: ADD STATS
10000 CLS: FOR Y=1 TO 7
10010 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10070
10020 PRINTTAB(7) "ADD TO PITCHIN
G STATS"
10030 PRINTlPRINT PT*(Y>"S"
10035 PRINT: PRINT" INNINGS PITCHE
D THIS GAME"
10040 INPUT 12: IP=VAL ( IP* ( Y) )
10050 IP* ( Y) =STR* ( I P+12)
10060 Y=Y+1 : GOTO 10010
102 the RAINBOW July 1983
SELECTED SOFTWARE
gr»R THE color computer
All programs are in 1 6K machine language unless noted.
MARK DATA PRODUCTS
** SPACE RAIDERS New Invader-type game. $24.95
Super Hi-Res Graphics and Sound. You'll love it.
* ASTRO BLAST Excellent space shooting $24.95
game. Super Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
* COLOR HAYWIRE Classic arcade game, $19.95
rated A+ by Color Computer magazines.
SPECTRAL ASSOCIATES
* ANDROID ATTACK Excellent berserk-type $21.95
game. Comes with 1 6K and 32K. 32K version
will talk.
* MS. GOBBLER (32K) Outstanding Pac Man- $21.95
type game with 4 different mazes and 1 6 skill
levels.
* WHIRLYBIRD RUN Pilot a chopper over a $21.95
varying terrain while dropping bombs and firing
missiles to destroy enemy bases, ships and
missiles.
* GALAX ATTAX Protect your base by $21.95
shooting alien fighter in formation. Excellent
Graphics and Sound.
* * SPACE RACE Maneuver yourself in space $21 .95
but alien ships appear and must be destroyed.
Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
* PLANET INVASION Excellent Defender-type $21.95
game. Highest-Res Graphics and Sound.
* DEFENSE Defend your spaceships from $21.95
enemy laser beams.
* SPACE WAR You must break through the $21 .95
enemy fighters and the defenses of Death Star.
Super fast.
** SPACE INVADERS Fast action Invader $17.95
game. Excellent Graphics and Sound.
* GHOST GOBBLER Highly rated Pac Man- $19.95
type game. 1 6 skill levels and lots of action.
KEYS OF THE WIZARD Super adventure $19.95
game! Great sound! You never play the same
twice.
TOM MIX SOFTWARE
* DONKEY KING (32K) Just Outstanding! $24.95
* KATERPILLAR Excellent Centipede-type $24.95
game. Highly rated by Color Computer
magazines!
* WAR KINGS Battle to save your castle and $ 1 9.95
king. Hi-Res Graphics with Outstanding Sound.
* PROTECTORS (32K) Excellent Graphics and $24.95
Sound.
MED SYSTEMS
INVADER'S REVENGE You are the last sur- $ 1 9.95
vived space invader. You must revenge!
PHANTOM SLAYER Enter the deadly cata- $ 1 9.95
combs and destroy the phantoms, 3-D Graphics.
INTELLECTRONICS
* DUNKEY MUNKEY (32K) Absolutely excel- $21 .95
lent Donkey Kong-type game. You'll love it!
STAR FIRE One of the best Defender-type $19.95
game. Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
INTRACOLOR
** COLORPEDE Just like the arcade. $29.95
* ROBOTTACK Just like the arcade. $24.95
THE PROGRAMMER'S GUILD
** PACDROIDS The most challenging Pac Man- $19.95
type. Super Hi-Res Graphics and Sound.
CHROMATIC SOFTWARE
* THE SPIDER Travel the channels destroying $ 1 9.95
the spiders before they get you. Super action.
Excellent Graphics and Sound.
DATA SOFT
Top Notch Games
* ZAXXON (32K) Maneuver your ship through a $39.95
battlefield of state-of-the-art missiles, anti-aircraft
tanks and enemy planes. Survive all that and
you'll meet the deadly ZAXXON Robot!
** MOON SHUTTLE Pilot your moon shuttle $34.95
through outerspace avoiding man-o-wars,
meteors, bomb launchers and expandos to meet
the prince of darkness. But watch out for his
darkest side.
COMPUTERWARE
* DOODLE BUG Just like ladybug in the $21 .95
arcade.
THE CORNSOFT GROUP
* * FROGGER Just like the arcade. $ 1 9.95
ELITE SOFTWARE
* ZAKSUND (32K) Fly your spaceship through $24.95
enemy star bases. Avoid guided missiles, lasers
and firing turrets. Can you reach their leader?
SOFT SECTOR MARKETING
MASTER CONTROL II Comes with plastic $ 1 9.95
keyboard overlay and complete easy to
understand manual.
COLOR GRAPHIC EDITOR This program $ 1 9.95
permits the creation of graphic pictures on the
screen that can be saved to disk for later use.
Requires extended BASIC or DISK BASIC.
COLOR BONANZA 50 programs on 6 $39.95
cassettes stored in an attractive package. Some
require extended BASIC.
SUGAR SOFTWARE
Extended BASIC Programs
TIMS Excellent personal database management $24.95
system.
GALACTIC-HANGMAN Top-rated Hang $14.95
man game. Can you find a better one?
NELSON SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
SUPER COLOR WRITER II Version 3.0.
64K Compatible Tape $69.95
Rompak $89.95
SUPER COLOR TERMINAL Version 3.0.
64K Compatible Tape $49.95
Rompak $59.95
* Requires Joystick ** Joystick Optional
ORDER 2 ITEMS AND GET 1 0% OFF!
We pay postage on all orders in the United States
and Canada. Overseas please add $3.00
We accept check or money order.
U.S. funds only for foreign orders.
Send to: g ELECTED SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 32228, Fridley, MN 55421
(MN Residents add 6J4> sales tax.)
10070 INPUT "PRESS ENTER TO CONTI
NUE"5G*
10075 ON G GOTO 10110
10080 GOTO 10110
10090 I REM: ADD HITS
10100 :
10110 CLS: FOR Y=1 TO 7
10112 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10160
10115 PRINT PT*(Y>
10120 PRINT:PRINT"HITS GIVEN UP
THIS GAME"
10130 INPUT H2:HT=VAL(HG*(Y> )
10140 HG* ( Y ) =STR* ( H2+HT )
10150 Y=Y+l:IF Y=8 THEN 10160 EL
SE 10112
10160 I NPUT " PRESS< ENTER >TO CONTI
NUE";G*
10165 GOTO 10200
10190 :
10195 : REM ADD STRIKE OUTS
10200 CLS: FOR Y=1 TO 7
10205 CLS: IF Y=8THEN 10260
10207 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10250
10210 PRINT PT*(Y>
10215 PRINT: PRINT"STRIKE OUTS TH
IS GAME"
1 0220 I NPUT S2 : LETSO= VAL ( SO* (Y) )
10230 S0*<Y)=STR*<S2+S0)
10240 Y=Y+l:IFY=8 THEN 10250 ELS
E 10205
10250 I NPUT "PRESS< ENTER >TO CONTI
NUE";G*
10260 GOTO 10300
10280 : REM: ADD WALKS
10300 CLS: FOR Y=1 TO 7
10305 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10370
10307 CLS: IF Y=8 THEN 10360
10310 PRINT PT*(Y)
10320 PRINT: PR I NT" WALKS GIVEN UP
THIS GAME "
10330 INPUT W2:LET W=VAL<W*<Y>>
10340 W* <Y)=STRt (W2+W)
10350 Y=Y+l:IFY=8 THEN 10360 ELS
E 10305
10360 I NPUT "PRESS< ENTER >TO CONTI
NUE" ; G*
10370 GOTO 10400
*************************'**’*'*'************£
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
*
★
★ ★★
BASIC Compiler
★ ★★
Now everyone can have a compiler for their Color Computer.
Maximize the capabilities of your computer by converting
BASIC programs to machine language.
Specifications:
Integer compiler 4 strings, 2D arrays .DATA, PMODE ,PC0PY,
I BSHFT, RESTORE and more
Fast H.L. code produces relocatable .EXECutable 6809 code
Automatically links main program with a library of assembly
language subroutines
Produces code smaller, and 50x faster than origlonal BASIC
Allows the use of entire 64k RAM 4 entire 32k ROM !
CLOADH from tape and EXECute "In Memory" - NO DISK NEEDED !
Uses Color Basic syntax. No Extended Color Basic needed !
Versions available for 16,32 or 64k RAM systems - specify
**** Introductory offer - Now only S34.95
Send check or
money order.
No C.O.D.
Utah residents ★
add 5% tax. *
★
*
★
★
★
★
*
*
★
*
Nasatcfwa»-e
P0 Box 510371
SLC.Utah
84151-0371
******************************************
10380 :
10390 : REM: ADD EARNED RUNS
10400 CLS : FOR Y=1 TO 8
10405 CLS : IF Y=8 THEN 10470
10410 PRINT PT*(Y>
10420 PR I NT: PR I NT "EARNED RUNS TH
IS GAME"
1 0430 I NPUT E2 : ER=VAL < ER* < Y > )
1 0440 ER* ( Y ) =STR* ( E2+ER )
10450 Y=Y+l:IFY=8 THEN 10460 ELS
E 10405
10460 PR I NT " PRESS< ENTER >TO CONTI
NUE"
10470 GOTO 9000
10495 : REM: SAVE TO TAPE
10496 :
10500 CLS: PRINT @135, "SAVE ITEM
S ON TAPE"
10510 PRINT@234, "POSITION TAPE"
10520 PRINT@294, "PRESS PLAY AND
RECORD"
10530 PRINT0388, "PRESS< ENTER >WHE
N READY"
10540 INPUT Q*
10550 OPEN "0",#-l, "STATS"
10560 FOR Y=1 TO 8-1
10570 PRINT#— 1 , PT* ( Y) , HG* < Y) , IP*
(Y) ,SO*(Y> ,W*(Y) ,ER* (Y) ,EV(Y)
10580 NEXT Y
10590 CLOSE #-i: GOTO 9000
10593 :
10594 : REM: LOAD FROM TAPE
10600 CLS: PRINT0235, "REWIND TAP
E"
10610 PRINT@300, "PRESS PLAY"
10620 PRINT@388, "PRESS< ENTER >WHE
N READY"
10630 INPUT Q*
1 0640 OPEN " I" , - 1 , " STATS "
10650 Y=1
10660 IF EOF ( -1 ) THEN 10695
10670 INPUT #-l,PT*(Y) ,HT*<Y> , IP
*<Y) , SO* (Y) , W*(Y> ,ER*(Y) ,EV(Y)
10680 PRINT PT*(Y>
10685 Y=Y+1
10690 GOTO 10660
10695 CLOSE #-l: GOTO 9000
Formerly distributed only by ZETA"
SOFTWARE, we hove the original FOOTBALL
FORECASTER with 1983 data base
Available for 1 6K ZX-81 , T/S 1000 or 16K TRS-80
Color Computer Specify NFL or College Only
$19.95 each or $29.95 tor both Add SI .00
P&H. Ark residents add 4% Tax.
HAWG WILD SOFTWARE
P.O Box 7668
Little Rock, Arkansas 7221 7
104 the RAINBOW July 1983
UABU 1AT BASF-DPS
■ WORLD STANDARD
TAPE
COMPUTER GRADE BLANK CASSETTES
PREMIUM 5-SCREW SHELL WITH LEADER FITS ALL STANDARD RECORDERS
PREFERRED BY SOFTWARE PRODUCERS, SCHOOLS AND BUSINESSES NATIONWIDE
DATA TRAC /C-05, C-10, C-20
v- . ✓
CASSETTE STORAGE CADDY
0'
ORGANIZE
YOUR TAPES!
$2 95 EACH
HER o^AV A ABOUT YORK 10 CASSETTES:
USERS SA n 100% of
... fs n/ce to have a ,a P e s SquaW And the fast,
■■we ^SSSSSS SSSi no
SSS
FINEST QUALITY
PHILIPS (NORELCO)
TYPE HARD BOXES
TRACTOR FEED
DIE-CUT BLANK
CASSETTE LABELS
^ — -
INTRODUCTORY OFFER^
INDEX CARD
ORDER NOW
Mail To ...
Zf&tiP, RES AUGUST t. '583
Call: 21 3/710-1 430
FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT /
on Credit Card Orders.
YORK lO “Computer ware
24573 Kitlridge St., #R Canoga Park, CA 91307
ITEM
1 DOZEN
2 DOZEN
C-05
□ 7.50
□ 13.50
C-10
□ 8.00
□ 14.40
C-20
□ 10.00
□ 18.00
Hard Box
□ 2.50
□ 4.00
Storage Caddy @ $2.95 ea.: Quantity:
TOTAL
FREE: Quantity:
Blank labels □ 4.00/100 □ 30.00/1000
SUB TOTAL
Calif, residents add 6% sales tax
Shipping/handling 1 doz. $2; 2 doz. $3.50;
3 doz. $4.50; each additional doz. $.50.
For Parcel Post instead of UPS $1 additional
Outside Continental USA, $2 additional
TOTAL
Each cassette includes two YORK 10 labels only. Boxes are sold separately.
Shipments are by U.P.S. unless Parcel Post requested. Boxes, caddies, and
blank labels are free of shipping charges when ordered with cassettes. When
ordered without cassettes, shipping charges: Boxes — $1 ,00/doz. , Caddies
$1.00 each. MINIMUM SHIPPING/HANDLING ON ANY ORDER— $2.00.
Check or M.O. Charge to
enclosed □ Credit Card: □ VISA □ MASTERCARD
Card No. Exp
Address
Signature
State/Zip
Computer make & mod el Disk?(y/n)
□ CHECK HERE FOR QUANTITY DISCOUNTS PRICE LIST
HARDWARE
g l Jll D THIS BCARP )
' FOR EASY
NTERFAC NG
MIEEEVC MG
By Dennis Meixsell
I ’m sure most Color Computer owners would love to be
able to hook up devices such as a real time clock, voice
synthesizer, complex sound generators, keypads, etc.
Even though these modifications are not that complicated
or expensive, it seems the thought of getting a soldering gun
within 10 feet of our precious CoCo is enough to leave most
of us lying awake staring at the ceiling. Also, such words and
phrases as address lines, data bus, interrupt, read/ write and
clock begin to totally overwhelm us.
Well, I have some good news. In this article you will learn
the basic steps of interfacing without taking the back off
your CoCo. All the connecting will be done through the
cartridge port using inexpensive and readily available parts
(most coming from “Mama” Radio Shack herself). For the
experienced hobbiest this may be all you need to get over the
hump and into some serious projects. For the newcomer
there is plenty to learn about interfacing, but this first step
will give you what you need to begin experimenting.
The standard device used for interfacing is the Motorola
6921, called the Peripheral Interface Adapter. The PI A, as
we will refer to it, decodes specific addresses, incorporates
timing and provides memory port addressing. It provides
two eight bit ports with each bit selectable as an output or
input port. This will be explained in more detail later in this
article.
Our project is to build an experimenter’s board and hook
up a PI A. This board will be versatile and the foundation of
future experiments. Once this project is finished, most addi-
tional interfacing will be a snap. So hang in there and the
rewards will be great. The construction will involve three
steps; making a ribbon connector, building the experimen-
ter’s board and interfacing the PIA.
Parts to be used are as follows:
*276-165 computer PC board
*276-174 modular l.C. breadboard (solderless)
*64-2346 self-sticking cushion feet
*276-1558 edge connector — 40 pin solderless
*64-2343 double-sided foam tape
*22 or 24 gauge solid connection wire
*Motorola 6821 PIA (not available at Radio Shack)
*wire ribbon, 2 feet (discontinued at Radio Shack but
still might have it)
If you are a wise shopper, these items can be purchased at
a lower price elsewhere. If you don’t want the grief and have
a few extra bucks, you can purchase experimenter boards
and pre-made extension cables from several companies
found in this magazine.
The first step is for convenience and to protect the edge
connector inside the CoCo. What we will make is simply a
connector extender; that is, a 40-pin extension cord. You
may want to leave this in the CoCo permanently and plug all
cartridges into the ribbon connector. Take the 276-165
computer connecting board and cut it in half along the
dotted line marked A (Figure 1). Put the bottom half aside,
it will be used later. Then cut along the two dotted lines
marked B. With the CoCo off, plug this board into the
cartridge port to see if you did a good job cutting. Be sure to
keep it level with the CoCo. If it is raised too high or low it
may damage the CoCo’s internal connector. Be sure to keep
the printed side up and the copper side down in all steps.
Remove the board from the CoCo. The next step is to solder
the 40-wire ribbon to this board.
From one end of a two-foot section of 40-wire ribbon
cable, separate each wire back about 3” with a knife. Then
strip 14 ” of insulation from the end of each of the 40 wires.
This is a tedious and difficult job. 1 usually roll a knife over
each wire on a hard surface. Be very careful. This may take
some practice. Next, slightly enlarge the holes marked C
106 the RAINBOW July 1983
Figure 1
(Figure 1). There are 20 of these and they need to be large
enough to allow a strand of the 40-wire cable to pass
through, insulation and all. Now thread every other wire
from the ribbon cable through the holes marked C. Start on
the right and put wire # 1 through that hole. Be sure that pin
#1 on this edge connector will line up with pin #1 on the
solderless connector that will be placed on the other end of
the cable. If in doubt, use a volt-ohm meter and check it out.
Now you must solder each of the wires to the base of the
corresponding prong on the 40-pin edge connector. After
this is accomplished tape the ribbon to the PC board to act
as a strain release. On the bottom of the PC board tape a !4”
thick piece of plastic or wood to insure that the edge connec-
tor stays parallel with the CoCo’s connector. Put the solder-
less 40-pin connector on the free end of the cable. A small
hammer will help to lightly tap the back piece in place. Now
mark in large, clear letters “TOP” and “BOTTOM” on both
the edge card and the 40-pin connector (this will save much
frustration later). Put this aside — the hard part is over.
The second phase will use the bottom half of the PC
board, the 40-pin socket and connecting wire. Place the
40-pin socket on the printed side of the PC board in the
location shown on Figure 2. Look at the copper side of the
board and make sure each leg is going through an individual
copper pad. Solder the socket into place. Now solder a wire
from each pin of the edge card to the appropriate pin of the
UTILITIES FOR
EXTENDED BASIC
#UK2 COLOR KRUNCHER — $12.95
—Reduces Memory Requirements of Any Ext. BASIC
Program — Speeds Program Execution Time
—Type In A Program From A Magazine, As Is, Debug It,
Then Let KRUNCHER Make It Shorter
—Includes LN.XREF and REM.REMV (#UR2)
—Includes “EXTENDED BASIC FASTER" (#F1)
#F1 “EXTENDED BASIC FASTER” — $3.95
— The First Published Proven List of Methods YOU Can
Can Incorporate Into All Your Own Ext. BASIC
Programs For Maximum Speed Efficiency
— For Novice or Experienced Programmer
—For Graphics or Non-Graphics Programs
#UV4 VARIABLE CROSS REFERENCE — $6.95
—Locates All Variables And "Where Used" Line #'s In
Your Ext. BASIC Program
—Optional Variable Only List (No Line #'s)
—Automatic Sort — Optional Printer Output
#UF2 LLIST FORMATTER — $9.95
—User-selectable Margins, Page Lengths, Top-of-
Form, Font Size, Line Length And More
—Title And Date Your Important Listings
—Start And Stop Listings At Any Line #
—Optional Space Between Lines — Hilights Line
Numbers — Opt. Single-Sheet Pause— For Most
Recent Printers (can be user modified)
#UR2 LINE CROSS REFERENCE — $7.95
—Provides A Sorted Listing Of All Referenced Line
Numbers — Optional Printer Output
— Includes Optional REM.REMV— Removes All
Unreferenced REM’s And Comments And Line#’s
—Removes Comments From Referenced REM's
#UD2 DISK DIRECTORY WITH BYTES — $7.95
—Gives Same Info As DIR, PLUS Individual File Bytes,
PLUS Free And Used Total Files, Grans, And Bytes,
PLUS Optional Disk Name, PLUS To Screen Or
Printer
—One Screen At A Time (No More Frantic SFT/@)
—Includes Separate DISK NAME Program
#US3 COPY/SEARCH/REPLACE/DELETE —
$7.95
—Same As Disk COPY, ButTo-and-From Disk and Tape
Or Tape and Tape
—For ASCII Textfiles Or Programs
—Search OR Search & Replace (optional) OR Search &
Delete (optional)
—Excellent For Changing Long Variable Names
—Great For Changing Spelling Or Capitalization
#UT2 TEXT COUNT — $6.95
— Counts Lines, Sentences, Words, T otal Characters Of
An ASCII Ext. BASIC Textfile
#UB2 BYTE/LINE COUNT — $5.95
—Automatic, Accurate Byte & Line Count Of Any Ext.
BASIC Program
ALL PGMS (EXCEPT #UD2) FOR EXT. BASICTAPE/DISK
BUY 3 OR MORE ON THE SAME ORDERS TAKE 10% OFF
(Post Paid in U.S. & Canada) (PA Residents Add 6%)
Send Check Or Money Order To:
MICROLOGIC
Box 193, First Avenue
East Brady, PA 16028
(412) 526-5781
July 1983 the RAINBOW 107
COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE
★ UNIVERSAL PROGRAM 1 (UP-1 ) +
Known as the Program Stacker, UP-1 allows several
programs to be loaded until the memory is filled. Quickly
jump from one program to another or compose new
programs while retaining the old ones. Programs are
included for patching damaged programs. Allows data or
machine language programs to be stored and retrieved
from a cassette. Programs are included for writing values
or characters to memory, and displaying memory con-
tents. Blocks of memory can be relocated. UP-1 can be
used as a Word Processor by allowing text to be stored in
memory and printed on the screen or an external printer.
UP-1 Cassette $14.95.
* DISASSEMBLER-ASSEMBLER (DISASM) ★
Using English mnemonics and Decimal Locations,
DISASM is an easy way to learn to assemble machine
Language Programs or Subroutines. Subroutines can be
used with Basic Programs and called by either USR or
EXEC commands. For CC compatibility, all locations are
given in Decimal Values eliminating the confusion asso-
ciated with using HEX. All commands are Menue
oriented and the user provides the particulars for the
commands without having to remember command for-
mats. The Disassembler can be used to Analyze Machine
Language Programs as well as the Basic and Extended
CC ROMS. Example programs are included. Cassette
$19.95.
★ TERMINAL PROGRAM (DYTERM) * new
DYTERM is designed to convert a Color Computer into
a terminal. Use it to send and receive information from
another computer, another terminal, or use it to provide
the software needed for sending and receiving informa-
tion over telephone lines with a MODEM. DYTERM is a
BASIC program with Machine Languate Subroutines.
Cassette $14.95.
EXTENDED BASIC is not REQUIRED. All programs
require a 16K Computer and are DISC compatible.
HARDWARE ITEMS
Increase your computer’s memory with the following
Memory Expansion Kits. Soldering is not required but
your waranty will be voided by removing the cover. The
kits carry a one year warranty.
ME-1 upgrades 4K to 16K $19.95
ME-2 upgrades 4K to 32K $59.95
ME-3 upgrades 16K to 32K $39.95
ME-4 upgrades all CC to 64K $99.95
Note: A 1.1 ROM is required for ME-4
6809E Microprocessor Chip $19.95
6821 Peripheral Interface Adapter $6.95
WE REPAIR COMPUTERS
★ PUT YOUR PROGRAMS IN A PROM PACK ★
We will put your Machine Language and/or BASIC
Programs in a Cartridge. Send us your program on a
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up to 8K. Add $2 for shipping.
ATTENTION SOFTWARE PROGRAMMERS: We are
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Checks, VISA & MC Cards Add $1 shipping
DYNAMIC ELECTRONICS INC.
P.O. Box 896 (205) 773-2758
Hartselle, AL 35640
40-pin socket. Pin 1 , 3, 5, 7, 9, ... are on top of the PC board.
Pins 2, 4, 6, 8, . . . are on the bottom. The dip socket is
numbered 1-20 on the left side and 21-40 on the right side.
You should mark the dip socket and edge connector with the
appropriate numbers to help as you solder. 1 tried to make
this look nice by running all the wires on the bottom side and
then coming up in front of the top pins. Be sure that this is
exact. Use a VOM and be positive that each wire goes from
the edge card pin number to the same number on the dip
socket. Now with double-sided tape secure the solderless
breadboard to the lower section of the PC board. Put four
cushion footies on the bottom side and BINGO! You are
now the proud owner of an experimenter’s board!
Finally, in part three, 1 will show how to connect the PI A
to the experimenter’s board. Get the package that contains
the PI A. Use proper handling technique, or static electricity
could damage the PIA. Without interruption, pick up the
P1A in both hands. Use one hand to straighten any bent
pins. Now place the chip on the left end of the solderless
breadboard. Make sure that pin #1, which is identified by
the circle or notch is to the left (Figure 2). Now connect
jumper wires between the socket and the PIA as shown in
Figure 3. The circled numbers refer to the pin number of the
low profile socket. Make certain this is exact.
This finishes construction. Now, to explain the PIA in
more detail. Actually, an entire article could easily be dedi-
cated to understanding the PIA, but I’ll do what I can. The
PIA is made of six registers, three for side A and three for
side B. Side B and side A perform exactly the same, so we
will just look at side A. In our experiments, the PIA will be
addressed at memory locations SFF40 and SFF41. Most
numbers will be listed in hexadecimal as indicated by the $.
The PIA must first be told which direction the data will flow
for each bit. This is done by use of the Data Direction
Register A, or abbreviated, the “DDR A.” As you can see by
Figure 4 the DDR A and the Output/ Input Register A, or
abbreviated, “ORA” are both addressed by memory loca-
tion SFF40. The way to select which one is determined by bit
#2 of the Control Register A, or abbreviated, “CRA,”
located at SFF41 . If a “0” is put in bit #2 of Control Register
A then location SFF40 will be addressing the DDRA. If a
“I ” is in bit #2 of CRA then address SFF40 will be address-
ing the ORA. Now, if we put a “1 ” in a bit of the DDRA,
108 the RAINBOW July 1983
The TRS-80* Color-Computer
DATABASE
ENHANCED
Database Management, Word Processing and Spread Sheet Calculations in One
Business Applications Custom Report Writer For Data Management Files
• Real Estate
• Ledgers • Merge data management files with text files
• Mailing Lists • Print one document per data record.
• Single Letters • Print one document for multiple data records by using a
• Memos data field as a key for matching records.
• Phone Lists • Use all printer control options.
• Form Letters • Print multiple copies.
• charts • Print selected data records.
• Business Reports • Store multiple formats on a single TEXT file.
• Inventories • Alter formats while using the REPORT WRITER or TEXT
• Income Tax Preparation PROCESSING program.
• Property Maintenance _ * ■■ _
• Property Rentals Data Management formatting with options to
• Receivables • Define 50 data fields, in- print report titles, a report
• Payables eluding a comment field, in a date, page numbers, record
• Order Entry single record. Dates, time of names, and data field
• Business Contacts day, phone numbers and names. Print all or selected
• Appointments dollar amounts are data fields or records.
• Client Profiles automatically formatted. You Enhancements:
• Document/ Article Indexing may also define 24 scratch- . variable length alpha/text
• Lab Reports pad data fields not contained data fields.
• Personnel Records within your data records. • use 1 or 2 disk drives.
• Student Grades • Reorganize records by mov- . R ange searC h for alpha/text
• Budgets ing data fields within records data fields and record
Homebase is Easy to Use or ( .“? y ™ ving recor ? s witt !! n names
y uoo a f| , e You may sort records . Ca | CU | ator mod6 (or entering
• No programming required. In ascending or descending new data field values while
All options are displayed in order US j n g record names performing calculations and
menus. HOMEBASE automa- you assign or data values. automatically displaying the
tically requests all required • Manage files by searching, results of calculations.
data and edits every entry. deleting, clearing, duplicat- • Extended sort which permits
• All commands are single key ing . and displaying any data sorting on any position
stroke. or record. Add, subtract, within a comment alpha/text
• Full screen editing for text multiply, divide, or sum- data field.
entry. marize any data field . Use • Separate printer drivers for
• Complete curosr control for any command on a single NEC and OKIDATA printers,
entering names, titles, record or selected group of
notes, comments and all records. You may also selec- Text/Word Processing
other data. tively process any single • Define 250 screens of text
• Over 100 pages of well data field or group of data you can search, sort,
organized and easy to use fields. display, or print. Reference
documentation with complete • print files using automatic or select records using
descriptions every com-
mand, and examples.
• Requires 32K of memory,
DISK BASIC and only one Credit card holders call toll free: 800-334-0854, extension 887
disk drive No eauiDment in North Carolina call: 800-672-0101, extension 887 or send a
s&Z'Ssr - * -ass susftsa
• Fast response to all com- p 0 Box 344B Durham N C . 27702
mands including search and 90 day warranty
Sort. N.C. residents add 4% lor sales tax. Allow 1 to 3 weeks delivery.
Enhancement: HOMEBASE™ is a trademark of HOMEBASE ™ COMPUTER SYSTEMS,
• A tutorial/demonstration file a subsidiary of Small Business Systems, Durham, N.C. (919) 544-5408.
L „. . . . . . -TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Radio Shack, Inc.
L with step-by-step instructions. — —
Data Management
• Define 50 data fields, in-
cluding a comment field, in a
single record, Dates, time of
day, phone numbers and
dollar amounts are
automatically formatted. You
may also define 24 scratch-
pad data fields not contained
within your data records.
• Reorganize records by mov-
ing data fields within records
or by moving records within
a file. You may sort records
in ascending or descending
order using record names
you assign or data values.
• Manage files by searching,
deleting, clearing, duplicat-
ing, and displaying any data
or record. Add, subtract,
multiply, divide, or sum-
marize any data field . Use
any command on a single
record or selected group of
records. You may also selec-
tively process any single
data field or group of data
fields.
• Print files using automatic
formatting with options to
print report titles, a report
date, page numbers, record
names, and data field
names. Print all or selected
data fields or records.
Enhancements:
• Variable length alpha/text
data fields.
• Use 1 or 2 disk drives.
• Range search for alpha/text
data fields and record
names.
• Calculator mode for entering
new data field values while
performing calculations and
automatically displaying the
results of calculations.
• Extended sort which permits
sorting on any position
within a comment alpha/text
data field.
• Separate printer drivers for
NEC and OKIDATA printers.
Text/ Word Processing
• Define 250 screens of text
you can search, sort,
display, or print. Reference
or select records using
Credit card holders call toll tree: 800-334-0854, extension 887
In North Carolina call: 800-672-0101, extension 887 or send a
check or money order lor S75 + $5 for handling charges to:
HOMEBASF" COMPUTER SYSTEMS
P.0. Box 3448, Durham, N.C. 27702
90 day warranty
N.C. residents add 4% lor sales tax. Allow 1 to 3 weeks delivery.
HOMEBASE™ is a trademark of HOMEBASE ™ COMPUTER SYSTEMS,
a subsidiary of Small Business Systems, Durham, N.C. (919) 544-5408.
•TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Radio Shack, Inc.
Integrated Package
record names you assign or
by searching for any word or
phrase within text records.
• Edit text by duplicating,
moving, clearing, searching
and replacing, deleting, or
reordering entire records of
text or portions of text
records. Print the text record
appearing on the screen to
review before final print.
• Format labels, memos, let-
ters, and other documents
for printing with embeded
printer controls for paging,
skipping lines, and changing
character fonts. Program
controls provide for setting;
right and left margins, lines
per page, page width,
horizontal tabs, and line
spacing. Reuse control set-
tings or change when
desired. Print multiple
copies. Merge text records
to produce a form letter for
an address file.
Enhancements:
• Use 1 or 2 disk drives.
• A separate printer driver for
NEC and OKIDATA printers.
• Page numbering.
• Print page headings.
• Page backwards or for-
wards.
Utilities for Data
Management and
Word Processing
• Generating new files from old
files.
• Merging files.
• Duplicating files.
• Moving data between files.
• Summarizing files.
• Moving files from diskette to
diskette using a single drive.
• Saving files to cassette and
reloading from cassette.
• File synchronizing.
• Print disk directory
Enhancements:
• Rename flies.
• Extended summarize and
update. A
then the corresponding bit of the ORA
will be set for output. Put a “0” in a bit
of DDRA and the corresponding bit of
ORA will be set for input. Okay, got all
that? I’m sure that all is about as clear as
mud! Let me go on; an example should
help. If we want to set all the ORA to
output we should do as follows:
POKE SFF40.SFF ’SELECT DATA DIREC
TION REG. A
POKE SFF40.SFF ’PUT A "1”1N EACH BIT
OF DDRA
POKE $FF41,04 ’CHANGE TO OUTPUT
REG. A
Now any byte poked into $FF40 will
show up at pins 2-9 of the PI A. To set all
bits as inputs we must:
POKE SFF41 ,00 ’SELECT DATA DIREC
TION REG. A
POKE $FF40,00 ’PUT A "0” IN EACH BIT
OF DDRA
POKE SFF41.04 ’CHANGE TO OUTPUT/
INPUT/INPUT REG. A
Now anytime pins 2-9 have a logic 0
or 1 this will show up when we peek
(SFF40).
Run this next program with the PIA
hooked up. Register A should be equal
to zero, as shown on the screen. Use a
jumper wire and connect pin #2 to pin
#1 . Pin # 1 is ground and pin #2 is bit 0 of
DDRA. Register A should now read
“I .” Ground pins 2-9, one at a time and
watch the screen.
1 ’ ***** THIS PROGRAM WILL READ SIDE A OF
THE PIA
5 CLS
80 A=&HFF40 ’LOCATION OF PIA
200 POKE A+1,00 ’SELECT DATA DIRECTION
REG. A
210 POKE A,00 ’PUT A “0” IN EACH BIT
220 POKE A+1,04 ’CHANGE TO OUTPUT/INPUT
REG. A
230 P=PEEK(A) ’READ THE PIA
300 R=255-P ’LITTLE CONVERSION
310 PRINT@ 1 10, R ’SHOW US THE VALUE
330 GOTO 230 ’READ IT AGAIN SAM
I can see the wheels starting to turn already . . . buttons . . .
switches ... a keypad . . . maybe I could build an alarm
system . . . just maybe I could? Welcome to the world of
interfacing. In part two 1 will show how to interface a
calculator keyboard. This should only take about one hour.
Then I’ll explain more about the PIA and the different lines
coming out of the CoCo. I know there has been quite a large
amount of material presented here. Don’t worry if you
didn’t understand it all — just have fun and play with the
PIA. It’s not necessary to understand every detail to build
these projects. Just stick in there and before you know it
you’ll be interfacing like an old pro.
Figure 4
Side A
Side B
PIA’s Internal Registers
$FF40
SFF41
$FF42
$FF43
Output Register A (ORA)
Data Direction Register A (DDRA)
Control Register A (CRA)
Output Register B (ORB)
Data Direction Register B (DDRB)
Control Register B (CRB)
110 the RAINBOW July 1983
YOUR COLOR COMPUTER JUST GOT WHEELS!
REVOLUTION!
You accelerate hard down a long straightaway,
braking heavily at the end for a hard corner.
You slice smoothly through the esses, and then
boldly keep the power on for a fast sweeper.
The Ferrari drifts dangerously near the edge,
but you make a tiny correction in the steering,
and you are through.
The finish line flashes by, and suddenly you
are in the pits. The car falls silent. You see your
lap times being held up. Your final lap was a
new lap record! At last, you permit yourself
a small smile.
You have mastered this powerful car on a
difficult track, driving with the assurance and
precision that comes only from long hours of
practice.
You are driving an authentic race car. You are
playing Revolution!
FANTASTIC ACTION
Revolution uses high resolution, machine language graphics
for action that is smooth and fast. The emphasis is on
authenticity in the control and motion of your car. As in
driving a real race car, accuracy and precision in your driving
are what counts. Frills and non-essentials have been left out.
PURE COMPETITION
Like a real race driver in practice and qualifying sessions, you
compete against the clock and against the existing lap record
for that track. Revolution records the lap records and the
name of the person who set the record, so you always know
who reigns supreme on your favorite track!
DESIGNED WITH YOU IN MIND
Revolution is menu-driven, and self explanatory. Informa-
tion screens tell you what you need to know. When you’re
ready to play, a menu of the names of all your tracks is
displayed, along with the lap record for each track and the
name of the person who set that lap record. You select a track
with a single keystroke, and Revolution takes you there.
A NEW CONCEPT
Revolution is a unique game, because it allows you to create
the most important part of any race game: the track itself.
The first time you run Revolution, you will be able to choose
from several tracks and cars which are included with the
game.
But, with Revolution, this is only the beginning! You can
create as many tracks as you like. You can make each new
track as difficult or as easy as you wish. You can make easy
ones to begin with, and tougher ones as you become more
skilled. You may find creating tracks to be almost as much
fun as driving on them!
You can save your favorite tracks to run on again whenever
you wish. Revolution will automatically add these new tracks
to the menu. And you can exchange your favorite tracks with
other Revolution owners.
Be careful, though, about letting your friends play this game.
They may not want to let you have your computer back!
THE EARLY REVOLUTION
A prototype version of Revolution was published in the
September, 1982 issue of Rainbow magazine, under the
name The Track. The response to The Track has been terrific.
Revolution has all the features that have made The TYack a
favorite, and Revolution's fast, high-resolution machine
language graphics are dramatically improved over the
prototype’s.
RE VOL UTION NOW!
The original Revolution for the TRS-80™ Color Computer
requires 32K and one disk drive. A new cassette version has
action just like the disk version, and similar track-saving
features excluding a menu of available tracks. The cassette
version will run on a32KColor Computer or TDP-100. You
can upgrade to the disk version later, too, for a nominal fee.
REVOLUTION
For 32K Disk
. $24.95
Requires Joysticks
For 32 K Cassette . .
. $21.95
Extended BASIC
Connecticut residents add 7 Vi % sales tax.
TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corporation.
Inter Action
113 Ward Street • Dept. R • New Haven, CT 06519 • (203) 562-5748
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
1 DISK
i T
f the I
BASIC
—
j: i :«
UTILITY
QSORT For The
TRS-80 Color Computer
By C. J. Stearman
This two part article brings to the Color Computer the fast and versatile
number and string sorting routine, QSORT. In addition, we will explore the
way numbers and strings are represented by Microsoft BASIC.
S ooner or later the need arises in BASIC programs to
sort large amounts of data. If you’ve arrived at this
point and written BASIC routines to perform bubble
sorts and the like, you know they can be painfully slow. Even
a sort of tens of items can take upwards of a minute. There-
fore, a machine code routine, callable from BASIC, would
make a very useful addition to our utility program library.
Sorting is a complex science and much research has been
done to discover fast, efficient methods. Unfortunately I
know little of the subject and was always on the lookout for
articles describing sort methods. I finally came across one
describing an implementation of Quicksort for the TRS-80
Model 1 by Don Brumm (80 Micro, November, 1982). It
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We also handle all other Okidata products!
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ACCESSORIES
Super-Pro Keyboard Kit $62.95
We also carry TRS-80 Color Computers.
This is just a partial list — call or write for catalog!!
TERMS: Money order and your personal checks welcome.
Shipping - $2.00 for software, 2% for hardware.
C.O.D. please add $2.00 — S.C. residents add 4% sales tax.
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boasted some impressive sorting times; eight seconds to sort
1000 strings, 23 seconds to sort 3000!
I wanted this capability for my Color Computer and felt it
worth the effort to develop a similar program. The result of
this will be described in this and the next issue. I learned
much about the way strings and numbers are handled by
Microsoft BASIC and this knowledge is generally useful. 1
also discovered ways of using BASIC functions (such as
RND) from machine code.
In this issue we will look at these subjects and implement
the final algorithm in BASIC. The next issue will list the
assembly language version and describe its operation in
detail.
Program Requirements
If the final sort program was to be really useful, it would
have to be versatile, as well as fast. Probably it would be
necessary to trade off some speed to ensure that versatility. 1
felt that it should be able to:
*Sort string and number arrays
*Sort in ascending and descending order
*Sort strings in any character order
*Sort parts of the array only
*Contain thorough call error detection
*Sort 1 and 2 dimensioned arrays
^Include or exclude the second dimension in 2 dimension
sorts
*Sort either dimension in 2 dimension arrays
The desirability of some of these features will become
obvious as we get into this further.
If we are to sort numbers and strings using a machine code
routine it is going to be necessary to understand how these
are stored by BASIC, so let’s explore that next.
Inside BASIC
BASIC used 5 bytes of storage to describe a number or
string of characters. Numbers are stored in a floating point
format within these 5 bytes. In the case of strings, the 5 bytes
contain details of where the string is and how long it is. The
string itself is elsewhere in memory. It is important to note
that the Color Computer has no capability to store numbers
as integers. This fact will figure in some decisions later.
(Mr. St ear mart is Field Engineering Manager for Bos-
ton Digital Corp., a manufacturer of precision,
computer-controlled milling machines. He was horn
and educated in England and has lived in the U.S.A.
since 1970.)
112 the RAINBOW July 1983
FINALLY!
A REAL SPREAD-SHEET PROGRAM FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
DYNACALC™
Business people use spread-sheets to organize columns and rows of figures.
DYNACALC simulates the operation of a spread-sheet without the mess of paper and
pencil. Of course, corrections and changes are a snap. Changing any entered
value causes the whole spread-sheet to be re-calculated based on the new
constants. This means that you can play, 'what if?' to your heart's content.
But DYNACALC isn't just for accountants. DYNACALC can be used for just
about any type of job. Not only numbers, but alphanumeric messages can be
handled. Engineers and other technical users will love DYNACALC's sixteen-digit
math and built-in scientific functions. There's even a built-in sort command,
so you can use DYNACALC to manage small data bases - up to 256 records.
DYNACALC will let your computer do just about anything you can imagine.
Ask your friends who have VisiCalc, or a similar program, just how useful an
electronic spread-sheet program can be for all types of household, business,
engineering, and scientific applications.
DYNACALC is designed to be used by non-programmers, but even a Ph.D. in
Computer Science can understand it. Built-in HELP messages are provided for
quick reference to operating instructions.
DYNACALC has a beautifully simple method of reading and writing FLEX data
files, so you can communicate both ways with other programs on your system, such
as the Text Editor, Text Processor, Sort/Merge, RMS data base system, or other
programs written in BASIC, C, PASCAL, FORTRAN, and so on.
Except for a few seldom-used commands, DYNACALC is memory-resi dent, so
there is little disk I/O to slow things down. The whole data array (worksheet)
is in memory, so access to any point is instantaneous. DYNACALC is 1 00% 6809
machine code for blistering speed.
Color Computer DYNACALC works with the FLEX operating system from Frank
Hogg Laboratory (64k required). If you aren't already using this powerful
operating system, we have a special deal for you: order DYNACALC (regularly
$ 200 ) and FHL Color FLEX (regularly $99) together for only $250.
To order, see your local DYNACALC dealer, or order directly from CSC at the
address below. We accept telephone orders from 10 am to 6 pm, Monday through
Friday. Call us at 314-576-5020. Your VISA or MasterCard is welcome. Be sure
to specify that you want the Color Computer version.
ORDER YOUR DYNACALC TODAY!
Computer Systems Center
13461 Olive Blvd.
Chesterfield, MO 63017
(314) 576-5020
Strings
Looking at the 5 byte descriptor for a string, we find that
the first byte contains a count of the number of characters in
the string, and the third and fourth contain a 16 bit address
of the first character. With these two pieces of information
the whole string can be accessed. The second and fifth bytes
are "reserved for the computer” to quote the manual, and
seem to always be zero. So string desciptors are simple to
understand.
Numbers
By comparison, numbers are much more complex. These
5 bytes must store a decimal number in the range +/ -10 A 38!
To do this, the number must be stored as a binary value in
the form:
MANTISSA x 2AEXPONENT
where the mantissa is a 32 bit, signed binary number in the
range:
1 .0000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 (Base 2)
to
1.1111111 11111111 llllllll 11111111 (Base 2)
and the exponent is an 8 bit, signed binary number in the
range:
-126 to +126 (Base 10)
No doubt this looks pretty confusing! However, it is akin
to the practice of representing numbers in scientific nota-
tion. For example, the decimal value 123.456 can be repres-
ented as 1.23456 x 10A2. Or the decimal number -0.00123
becomes -1 .23 x 10 A -3. This action is called normalizing. In
binary normalized numbers the mantissa is always in the
signed range of 1 to 2 (inclusive of 1 but exclusive of 2).
Looking at the way BASIC actually stores this, the first
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byte contains the exponent. If the Most Significant Bit
(MSB) is a zero the exponent is negative, if a 1 it’s positive.
The remaining 7 bits describe the value of the exponent
“plus one.” This “wrinkle” is needed because the number
“zero” is a special case. It is represented by the exponent byte
being zero. In this case, the 4 mantissa bytes are immaterial.
However, an exponent of zero is a valid value, so the expo-
nent must be “offset” by one to allow for its representation.
This also explains why the exponent range is 126, not 127.
Exponent 126 is stored as 127, the highest value which can
be contained in 7 bits.
As the mantissa is always “one point something,” this 1
can be assumed, and the MSB of the most significant byte
can be used to store its sign. This time a I indicates negative,
and a 0 positive.
If you’re thoroughly confused now, let’s look at a couple
of examples. Take the decimal number 9.625 and “code” it
first. It is represented in binary by 1001.101 (goingfrom the
binary point right, the 1 represents U/ 2 ; then %; l'/ 8 etc.).
Normalizing this, it becomes 1.001 101 x 2A3 (2A3 shown
in decimal). The mantissa is positive, as is the exponent so
the result is:
Byte 1 : 10000100 (exponent+1)
Byte 2 : 0001 1010 (sign + fraction)
Byte 3 : 00000000
Byte 4 : 00000000
Byte 5 : 00000000
As a second example, take the value -0.09375 (decimal).
This is -0.0001 1 in binary. Normalizing it becomes -1.1 x
2A-4 (mantissa in base 2, rest in base 10). Converting
according to the rules above:
Byte 1 : 01 1 1 1 101 (negative, ^4+1 in 7 bit 2’s
complement)
Byte 2 : 1 1000000 (negative and fraction part)
Byte 3 : 00000000
Byte 4 : 00000000
Byte 5 : 00000000
Having nearly 32 bits to represent the mantissa provides
the ability to handle decimal numbers with 9 significant
digits. Using the normalized format with an exponent of 7
bits allows the large value range.
Floating Point Accumulator
Numbers are stored in memory as described above. How-
ever, when a BASIC function uses them they are passed
through the Floating Point Accumulator (FAC). This is six
bytes in memory starting at 6F( Hexadecimal). Note it is six,
not five. Numbers are represented in it slightly differently
from in memory. Bytes 1,3,4 and 5 are the same. Byte 6 in
the FAC is the same as byte 2 in memory. Byte 2 in the FAC
is the same as byte 2 in memory, except that the MSB is
always 1 . This arrangement allows byte 6 to represent the
mantissa sign, while bytes 2 through 5 represent the true
absolute value of it.
Arrays
When a string or number array is dimensioned in BASIC,
a section of memory is used to represent it. The section
comprises a header and then groups of 5 byte descriptors.
This is true for either number or string arrays. In the former
the 5 bytes contain the array element value; in strings, the
length and pointer to the string.
The header provides general details of the array. In the
order of storage, the header contains:
Byte 1 = First letter of name
Byte 2 = Second letter of name (+128 if a string array)
114 the RAINBOW July 1983
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Byte 3 & 4 = 1 6 bit count of total bytes used by the array,
including the header
Byte 5 = Number of dimensions
Byte 6 & 7 = 16 bit count of elements in last dimension
Byte 7 & 8 = Ditto for next to last dimension
Byte 9 & 10 = Ditto for first dimension
Byte 1 1 = First byte of 5 byte descriptor of “zeroth”
element
This is for an array with 3 dimensions. If more or less, then
more or less byte pairs are needed to detail the number of
elements in each dimension. So it is immediately obvious
that the number of bytes in the header is dependent upon the
number of dimensions.
The elements of the array itself are stored in an order with
the leftmost dimension varying most rapidly. The array
A(3,2,l) will be stored in ascending memory in the order:
A(0,0,0)
A( 1,0,0)
A(2,0,0)
A(3,0,0)
A(0,1,0)
A( 1,1,0)
A(2, 1 ,0)
A(3,l,0)
A(0,2,0)
A( 1,2,0)
A(2,2,0)
A(3,2,0)
A(0,0,I)
A( 1,0,1)
ETC.
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Knowing the address of the “zeroth” element thus enables
us to locate any subscript descriptor in the array.
The VARPTR Function
Extended BASIC provides this function which returns the
address of the variable descriptor supplied as its argument.
This can be used to pass an array pointer from BASIC to a
machine code routine. For example, the call X=USR
(VARPTR(A(0,0))) will pass the address of the first byte of
the 5 byte descriptor for that subscript variable. The
machine code function INTCNV will put this value in regis-
ter D of the microprocessor. Knowing the address of the
“zeroth” element also provides us with the location of the
array header.
A word of caution is needed! BASIC moves the variables
around in memory when a new one is introduced. So a new
variable must not be created after a call to VARPTR before
the result is used, as the value will no longer be valid. This
can best be avoided by pre-assigning the variables at the
beginning of the program.
Using BASIC Functions
As we will see later, one of the requirements of the Quick-
sort Routine is the generation of a random number. Another
is the conversion of a floating point number in the FAC to a
16 bit integer. The second requirement is already available
through a routine documented in the BASIC manual. It is
called INTCNV and its address is B3ED (hexadecimal).
However, the function which performs the RND function
is not documented. Fortunately there’s a book called “The
Facts for the TRS-80 Color Computer” published by Spec-
tral Associates, which provides a considerable amount of
information about the routines in BASIC. Amongst other
data, it provides the dispatch table for the BASIC functions.
The RND function happens to beat BF1F (hexadecimal). 1
speculated that this probably took the argument from the
FAC and returned a random number from 1 to the argu-
ment to the FAC. Experimentation showed this to be so.
Tests on other functions such as MEM, which returns the
available memory, worked in a similar manner.
With access to these functions, all that was required was a
method of getting the FAC value into register D as a 16 bit
integer (the INTCNV routine mentioned earlier), and
another to do the reverse. This proved more difficult.
BASIC does have a documented routine called GIVABF(at
B4F4 hexadecimal) but this does too much and is really only
useful for returning an integer value to a variable in BASIC.
So I was forced to write my own for the QSORT program.
This has limited capability but does adequately for the needs
here.
Quicksort
We now have the tools to proceed with the sort routine.
The general principle will be to exchange descriptors in the
array so that it becomes ordered. This will conveniently
handle both strings and number arrays. In the case of strings
this has the advantage of making it unnecessary to move the
actual strings themselves.
The Algorithm
Quicksort is a fast and simple process, but does entail
considerable “housekeeping.” To help follow it through,
listing 1 shows its implementation in BASIC.
The general procedure involves the ordering of a parti-
tion. Initially the whole array is taken as a partition. An
element is selected from this partition and designated the
116 theRAINBOW July 1983
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comparand. Then each element is compared with this, start-
ing from the low end. When one is found which is equal to or
greater than the comparand, its subscript is noted. The scan
is then started from the high end, looking for an element
which is equal or lower than the comparand. When one is
found, it is swapped with the element found on the upward
scan. This is only done however, if the upward scan element
was originally below the downward scan one. If so, then the
upward and downward scan continues from where it left off,
performing similar swaps.
Eventually the selected element on the upward scan will
not be below the one on the downward. At this point the
selected elements will either be the same one, or the upward
higher than the downward. The result is an array with all the
elements below the upward scan selected element being
equal or less than the comparand. All elements above the
downward scan selected element will be equal to or higher
than it.
The partition must now'be split into two separate parti-
tions. Then each partition has the same action peformed on
it, until every partition is reduced to one element. When all
partitions have been so reduced, the array is sorted.
The partition to be divided is split into one with all ele-
ments up to but not including the upward scan selected
element. The other is made up of those elements from the
downward scan, in a similar fashion. It is apparent from this
that the data defining one partition must be saved while the
other is further scanned. If the original array is limited to
4096 elements and the data on the larger of the two resulting
partitions is saved while the other is scanned, then the divid-
ing process cannot result in more than 12 lots of data being
stored at any one time. This is due to the fact that 4096
cannot be divided by two more than 12 times before the
result is unity. This is verified by the fact that 4096 is 2 A 1 2.
This seemingly complex process is in fact extremely fast.
Also its speed varies roughly linearly with number of ele-
ments. Bubble sort times, in contrast, increase as the square
of the number of elements.
Selecting The Comparand
The comparand is ideally chosen so that there are approx-
imately equal numbers of elements in the resulting two
partitions. To obtain this a median value should be chosen,
as this will have as many elements lower than it as higher.
Unfortunately, the process of calculating median values is
itself time consuming. To avoid this problem, the compa-
rand element is chosen at random from the partition. With
larger enough partitions, the average result will be satisfa-
tory. However, when partitions become small, this is not so.
To avoid this problem another simpler routine is used to sort
the partition when it contains 10 or less elements. The rou-
tine used here is a form of bubble sort which 1 have called
Easysort. It is simple in function and can be readily under-
stood from the BASIC in listing 1 . Experimentation showed
about a 25 percent improvement in overall speed when this
hybrid approach was used.
The BASIC Version
I chose to test my understanding of the algorithm by first
implementing it in BASIC. Of course, there is nothing pre-
venting the use of this in your BASIC programs. It is surpris-
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118 theRAINBOW July 1983
ingly quick, sorting 100 numbers in around 18 seconds. This
is significantly faster than a bubble sort. Listing 1 is by way
of a demonstration program. You select the size of the array
to sort. It then generates a random number array and sorts
it. A display is given of the time taken to sort and the number
of times Easysort was called. The program is easily con-
verted to sort strings by changing array “N" to "N$”
throughout and modifying the random array filling routine.
The Quicksort routine itself is from line 200 through 990.
Line 230 determines the size the partition below which Easy-
sort is used. The Easysort routine is from line 1200 to the
end. The remaining lines are involved with test set-up (10-
140) and result display (1000-1 120).
In the Quicksort routine the following variables perform
these functions:
SIZE sort array size
N sorted array
LS partition left end stack array
RS partition right end stack array
B current partition left end subscript
E current partition right end subscript
LI left scan pointer
RI right scan pointer
PTR partition stack pointer
LSZ size of left section of split partition
RSZ size of right section of split partition
CMP subscript of selected random element
The Quicksort routine breaks down into various sections.
These sections will generally be duplicated in the machine
code version later. Lines 200-220 initialize the pointers. Line
230 selects either Quicksort or Easysort, depending on the
size of the partition. Lines 300-380 determines which side of
the divided partition to stack. Also tests are done to ensure a
remaining partition has something in it.
The left and right stacking is performed by lines 750-810
and lines 850-910 respectively. Line 380 checks to see if the
stack is empty. If so, the sorting is complete. If not, then lines
950-990 unstack the next partition for sorting. Line 500
selects the comparand at random. Lines 550-570 scan
upward and 600-620 scan down. Finally line 700 tests the
scan pointer for crossing. If not, the elements are swapped; if
so, the scanning stops.
Armed with this information it should be easy to follow
the operation of both Quicksort and Easysort.
The next issue will wrap this up with the complete assem-
bly language listing and details on the features and uses of
the routine.
'^^20o' . .
The listing:
600.
1000
END
0108
0265
03C5
. 0593
10 INPUT" ARRAY SIZE";SIZE
20 IF SI ZE=0 THEN END
30 IF SI ZE>4095 THEN 10
40 INPUT "RESULTS TO PRINTER" ; A$
50 IF A$="Y" THEN DV=-2 ELSE DV=
0
60 DIM N (SI ZE> , LS ( 12) „ RS (12)
70 FOR 1=0 TO SIZE
80 N ( I ) =RND ( 1 000 )
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 119
90 NEXT I
100 PR I NT "SORT BEGINS"
110 TIMER=0
120 GOSUB 200
130 GOSUB 1000
140 RUN
200 B=0:E=SIZE
210 LI=0: RI=SI ZE
220 PTR=0
230 IF E-B>10THEN GOSUB 500ELSE
GOSUB 1200: GOTO380
300 LSZ= (LI-1 ) -B
310 RSZ=E- (RI+1 )
320 IF LSZ=RSZ THEN 350
330 IF LSZ >RSZ GOSUB 750 ELSE GO
SUB 850
340 GOTO 370
350 IF LSZ<=0 THEN 380
360 GOSUB 760
370 I F < E-B ) < =0THEN 380 ELSE 230
380 IF (PTR) =0 THEN RETURN
390 GOSUB 950
400 GOTO 230
500 CMP=N ( RND ( E-B+ 1 ) +B- 1 )
550 FOR LI=LI TO E
560 IF N (LI ) = >CMP THEN 600
570 NEXT LI
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600 FOR RI=RI TO B STEP-1
610 IF N (RI ) <=CMP THEN 700
620 NEXT RI
700 IF LKRI THEN T=N (LI ) : N (LI ) =
n (R i ) :N(RI>= t:li=li+i:ri=ri-i:go
TO550
710 RETURN
750 IF LSZ<=0THEN 790
760 LS (PTR) =B
770 RS (PTR) =LI-1
780 PTR=PTR+1
790 B=RI+1
800 RI=E
810 RETURN
850 IF RSZ<=0 THEN 890
860 LS (PTR) =RI + 1
870 RS (PTR) =E
880 PTR=PTR+1
890 E=LI— 1
900 LI=B
910 RETURN
950 PTR=PTR— 1
960 B=LS (PTR)
970 E=RS (PTR)
980 LI=B: RI=E
990 RETURN
1000 T=TIMER
1010 PRINT#DV, STRING* (30, "*">
1020 PRINT#DV, "ARRAY SIZE WAS "5
SIZE
1030 PRINT#DV, USING "SORT TIME WA
S ###.## SECONDS" 5T/60
1040 PRINT#DV, "CALLS TO EASISORT
= ";CL
1050 FOR 1=0 TO SIZE-1
1060 IF N(I> >N(I + 1) THEN 1100
1070 NEXT I
1080 PRINT#DV, "SORT WAS SUCCESSF
UL"
1090 GOTO 1110
1100 PRINT#DV, "SORT WAS UNSUCCES
SFUL"
1 1 10 PRINT#DV, STRINGS (30, >
1120 RETURN
1200 K=B
1210 CL=CL+1
1220 K=K+1
1230 IF K>E THENRETURN
1240 IF N (K) >=N (K— 1 ) THEN1220
1250 TN=N (K)
1260 I=K
1270 N ( I ) =N ( I -1 )
1280 1=1-1
1290 IF I=B THEN 1310
1300 IF TN<N ( 1-1 ) THEN 1270
1310 N ( I ) =TN
1320 GOTO 1220
120 the RAINBOW July 1983
A WORD FROM THE SPONSOR
Number five in these chats, and it is still too early to judge the
results in our Name the Column contest. But I have received some
excellent entries, and will have the winner next month. Stay tuned.
At this point, I'd like to thank a few more magazines for giving our
products great reviews in the past few months — in March, Color
Computer News reviewed NEWTALK and Rainbow reviewed
REMOTERM, while in April 80 Micro reviewed STAR-DOS. They
all loved them . . . naturally.
This month I thought you might be interested in some of my
cassette procedures.
While a number of outfits make leaderless computer cassettes, I
distrust them. From my audio days, 1 know that the beginning and
end of a reel-to-reel or cassette tape tend to get crinkled and
develop dropouts. This can destroy a program copy, and so I
wouldn’t use the beginning of a leaderless tape anyway. In that case,
why pay extra for leaderless tape when you don’t use it?
Instead, I buy 10-minute C-10 cassettes. These cassettes are
available from a variety of sources, and cost about 50 to 80 cents
each. I prefer to use one cassette per program, rather than put
many programs on one tape and then have to search for them.
All of these tapes have a leader, and so when you use them you
must be careful not to record your program on the leader instead of
the tape. Using fast forward to get past the leader may leave a bit of
an old program on the tape just before the new one, and CoCo will
have trouble separating them. Instead, my method is to do the
following: First, make sure the tape is fully rewound. Then place
the recorder in RECORD, and type the command MOTOR ON on
the computer. This starts the recorder motor, so that you are
recording although the computer is not yet writing anything to tape.
This erases the beginning of the tape. In the meantime, type your
CSAVE or CSAVEM command, but do not hit ENTER until you
see that the tape is well past the leader. I usually give it about ten
seconds before typing ENTER. This procedure not only makes sure
that I get past the leader, but also guarantees that there is blank
space before the program to make reading it easier. Works every
time.
For the disk users among you, I would like to announce two new
products: STAR-DOS 64 and STAR FLEX. Both are disk
operating systems for 64K computers. STAR FLEX is the famous
FLEX system by Technical Systems Consultants, adapted for the
CoCo, while STAR-DOS 64 is our own STAR-DOS, but modified
for 64K computers. Both come with high resolution screens and
have many features for the more advanced disk user. STAR FLEX
is, of course, compatible with the large amount of software
developed over the years for FLEX systems. STAR-DOS 64 will
also run much of that software, but its big advantage (besides the
fact that it is cheaper) is that its disk format is the same as Radio
Shack’s.
If you do not have a 64K system, then by all means consider the
original STAR DOS. The upgrade from STAR DOS to STAR DOS
64 is just the price difference between the two, so you can upgrade
at any time. (But before getting any DOS for your CoCo, read our
February advertisement!)
That's it for this month. Until June, just remember: On a Clear
Disk, You Can Seek Forever.
SPELL ’N FIX
Regardless of whose text processor you use, let SPELL 'N FIX find
and fix your spelling and typing mistakes. It reads text faster than
you can, and spots and corrects errors even experienced
proofreaders miss. It is compatible with all Color Computer text
processors. $69.29 in the Radio Shack disk or cassette versions;
$89.29 in the Flex version. (20,000 word dictionary is standard;
optional 75,000 word Super Dictionary costs $50 additional.)
HUMBUG - THE SUPER MONITOR
A complete monitor and debugging system which lets you input
programs and data into memory, list memory contents, insert
multiple breakpoints, single-step, test, checksum, and compare
memory contents, find data in memory, start and stop programs,
upload and download, save to tape, connect the Color Computer to
a terminal, printer, or remote computer, and more. HUMBUG on
disk or cassette costs just $39.95, special 64K version for FLEX or
STAR-DOS 64 costs $49.95.
STAR-DOS
A Disk Operating System specially designed for the Color
Computer, STAR-DOS is fully compatible with your present Color
Computer disk format — it reads disks written by Extended Disk
Basic and vice versa. STAR-DOS for 16K or 32K systems costs
$49.90; STAR-DOS 64 for 64K systems costs $74.90.
STAR FLEX
The best implementation of FLEX for the Color Computer.
Complete with all utilities, text editor, macro assembler, and
HUMBUG debug monitor, $250.00.
ALL IN ONE — Editor Etc.
Three programs in one — a full function Editor, a Text Processor
and a Mailing List/Label program. All this for just $50. Requires
STAR-DOS and 32K, or STAR-DOS 64, or FLEX, specify which.
DBLS for Data Bases
DBLS stands for Data Base Lookup System. A super-fast system
for searching for a selected record in a sequential disk file. Supplied
with SPELL 'N FIX’s 20,000 word dictionary as a sample data file —
lets you look up the spelling of any word in under FOUR seconds.
Priced at $29.95. Requires STAR-DOS.
CHECK ’N TAX
Home accounting package combines checkbook maintenance and
income tax data collection. Written in Basic for either RS Disk or
Flex, $50.
REMOTERM
REMOTERM — makes your CoCo into a host computer, operated
from a remote terminal. $19.95.
NEWTALK
NEWTALK — a memory examine utility for machine language
programmers which reads out memory contents through the TV
set speaker. $20.
SHRINK
SHRINK — our version of Eliza, in machine language and
extremely fast. $15.
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE
Introduction to Numerical Methods — college level course on
computer math, $75.00.
Tj6_£a_-c
We accept cash, check, COD, Visa, or Master Card. NY State
residents please add appropriate sales tax.
Star-Kits
P.O. BOX 209 - R
MT. KISCO, N.Y. 10£49
(914) 241-0287
I
PHOTOfest
A Brief Pictorial of RAINBOWfest
Had a wonderful time. Wish you were
there. Fact is, several thousand of us were
at RAINBOWfest and, by all accounts, it
was a huge success. From Don Inman’s
insightful breakfast address to the infor-
mative seminars by Fred Scerbo, Dr. Hal
Snyder, Charlie Roslund, E. R. Bailey,
Lonnie Falk, Tom Nelson and Steve Bjork,
to all the activities in the crowded Mayoral
Ballroom exhibit hall, CoCo’s very first
show was a time to learn, a time to explore
and, perhaps most of all, a time to meet
people. When will the next one be, and
where? Stay tuned. We don’t think we can
wait a year.
122 the RAINBOW July 1983
<<>•'** n J
July 1983 the RAINBOW 123
—
16K
L
GAME
ECB
RAINBOW 1
—
WBMKBm
Whatzit?
Itz A Scrambled
Word Game
By Randall Smith
Whatzit is a one or two player scrambled word game using
PMODE 3 to generate the screen format and character set.
The game requires 16K and Extended BASIC. I’m sorry to
say that it doesn’t seem to want to run in a 1 6K machine with
the disk drive attached.
The game, as written, is geared toward the older child or
adult. The word list can be easily changed to fit any age
group. One thing I ’ve noticed in writing this game is the need
to choose your list carefully, so as to reduce the number of
words that consist of letters that would form a different
word, when rearranged, to a minimum; e.g. BAT-TAB,
KEEP-PEEK. I tried to use a word list that kept this prob-
lem to a minimum, but I don’t think it’s possible to com-
pletely eliminate the problem. The word list contains 232
words. If you change it to a different number of words, the
contents of lines 90 and 270 will have to be changed to match
the number of words used.
On running the program you are greeted with options to
see the directions or bypass them, and to choose the number
of players. The input is error trapped throughout, and
screen and sound prompts will guide you through the game.
The score given for each correct guess is a result of the
formula in line 630 and is a function of both the time
required and length of the word. You are given approxi-
mately 30 seconds to enter the correct answer. If you mistype
a letter the entry can be erased and started over by pressing
the left arrow key. If you fail to guess the word the correct
response will be displayed at the expiration of time.
Enough about the playing directions; they’re well-docu-
mented in the internal documentation. Let’s take a look at
some of the logic of the program:
LINES
10-140 Sets up title screen, initializes variables
150-260 Sets up the graphic screen
270-370 Chooses word and scrambles it
380 Determines placement of word on the screen
390-420 Puts scrambled word on the screen
430-490 Timing loop for answer
500-550 Erases scrambled word and displays correct
answer
(Mr. Smith is a supervisor at a state training center for
retarded citizens. He is an avid “Co Co Hacker” and is
also pursuing a degree in computer technology.)
560-570
580-620
630-650
660-750
760-820
830-880
890-1240
1250-1320
Sets up placement of keyboard entry on
screen
Reads and error traps keyboard entries,
displays it on the screen
Calculates score and gets the next word
Displays end of game message
Updates and displays scores after each word
Word list
Data for font set
Directions for playing game
The use of an incrementing scale value in the DRA W
command, when displaying the scrambled word, results in
the letters appearing to grow on the screen. Because of the
varying lengths of the words, the beginning point for each
word had to be figured to keep them centered. This was
accomplished by the formula in line 560. The algorithm to
scramble the word is in lines 280-340. Each word is checked
in line 340 to be sure it is scrambled.
The font set used to generate the characters in the game is
of my own design and is made with a 5 x 7 matrix. I tried to
make it resemble the screen character set as much as possi-
ble. The font set can be utilized in your own programs by
deleting all the lines in this program except lines 890-1240.
These lines can then be saved to tape or disk and loaded back
in memory before you begin writing the program. The size of
the characters can be controlled by use of the scale factor in
the DRA W command.
Clearing the screen of the previous entries was done by
using the PAINT command to fill in the box at the bottom
of the screen with the background color. This method works
well if you are clearing out an area completely enclosed by
the same color. To clear out the center of the screen it was
necessary to use the LINE, BF command with the back-
ground color. These methods are both utilized in line 640.
I feel the program is quite flexible for different situations.
By customizing the word list it can be made suitable for all
age groups or for special occasions like bridal or baby
showers or to challenge people in different vocabulary areas;
such as specialized technical field words, states, countries —
well, you get the idea. We’ve played with it for over a year
and I hope you get as much enjoyment out of it as we have. If
you get a score of 8000 or greater you’ve done real well. So,
get those thinking caps on and let’s play Whatzit!
124 the RAINBOW July 1983
The listing:
7/
130..
. . 0271
830..
870..
.. 0EC7
...12A2
240. .
. . 04BF
960..
... 1513
410. .
. . 074B
1110
... 1754
590. .
. . 097F
1250
.. 1A0C
680..
. 0BAA
END
. . . 1D00
10 ’ *#*WHATZ IT A WORD GAME***
20 ’ ***BY RANDALL A. SMITH***
30 ’ IF YOU CHANGE OR ADD TO THE
40 ’WORD LIST, YOU WILL HAVE TO
50 ’DETERMINE HOW MANY WORDS YOU
60 ’HAVE AND ADJUST THE COUNT IN
70 ’LINES 90 & 270 ACCORDINGLY
80 CLS : SOUND200 , 1 : PCLEAR4 : PM0DE3
, 1 : PCLSRND <4) : SCREEN 1 , RND (2) -1 : C
LEAR350: DIM CH* (35) , U ( 10) , B < 12) ,
SC* (2) :T=RND< -TIMER)
90 FOR X=1 TO 232: READ X*:NEXT:F
OR X=0 TO 35: READ CH* ( X > : NEXT: RE
STORE
100 SOUND200, 2: FORX=1024 TO 1055
:POKEX, 134: NEXT: FORX=1056 TO 147
2 STEP32: POKEX , 134: POKEX+31 , 134:
NEXT:FORX=1504 TO 1535: POKEX , 134
: NEXT
110 PRINTS225, "DO YOU WANT INSTR
UCTIONS ( Y/N> ?" $
115 PRINT6170, "w h a t z i t";
120 IN*=INKEY*: IF IN*= ,, Y"THEN GO
SUB 1250 ELSE IF IN*= ,,U THEN 120
130 PRINT0225, " HOW MANY PLAYER
S <1 OR 2)?
140 PL*=INKEY*: IF PL*<>"1" AND P
L*<>"2" THEN 140 ELSE PL=VAL(PL*
> :SOUND200, 1
1 50 PCLS : DRAW " BM0 , 1 2 ? C8 ; S8 " +CH* <
30) +CH* (25) : GET (0, 0) - <28, 14) , U, G
: GET <128, 96) -(156, 110) ,B
1 60 PCLS : DRAW " BM83 , 1 2 ; SB ; C7 " +CH*
(32) +CH* < 17) +CH* (10)
170 DRAW CH* (29) +CH* (35) +CH* < 18)
+CH* (29)
1 80 DRAW " BM0 , 30 " +CH* ( 25 ) +CH* (21)
+CH* (10)
190 DRAW CH* ( 34 ) +CH* (14) +CH* ( 27 )
+CH* ( 1 )
200 DRAW “ BM0 , 48 " +CH* ( 28 ) +CH* (12)
+CH* < 24 ) +CH* ( 27 > +CH* (14): COLORS ,
5: LINE <69, 33) -(126, 51) ,PSET,B
210 IF PL=1 THEN 240 ELSE C0L0R7
, 5: DRAW "BM 163, 30"+CH* (25) +CH* (21
) +CH* (10)
220 DRAW CH* ( 34 ) +CH* (14) +CH* ( 27 )
+CH* (2)
230 DRAW " BM 1 9 1 , 48 " +CH* ( 28 ) +CH* ( 1
2) +CH* (24) +CH* (27) +CH* ( 14) : COLOR
8, 5: LINE (128, 33) -(185, 51) , PSET, B
240 LINE (52, 171) -(200, 190) , PSET,
B
250 IF PL=2 THEN LP=2:PL=PL-1
260 PUT (0,52) -(28, 66) ,U, PSET: SCR
EEN1 , 1
270 FOR WORD=l TO 10: FOR X=1 TO
RND (232) : READ W*:NEXT X: RESTORE
280 L=LEN(W*)
290 W < 1 ) =RND ( L— 1 ) + 1
300 FOR X=2 TO L
310 W ( X ) =RND (L)
320 FOR XX=1 TO X-1:IF W(XX)=W(X
) THEN310 ELSE NEXT XX: NEXT X
330 FOR X=1 TO L:W*(W(X) )=MID*(W
*,x, 1 ):next x
340 J*= ,,n :FOR X=1 TO l:j*=j*+w*(
X ) : NEXT X:IF J*=W* THEN 290
350 DRAW " BM65 , 1 87 ; C6 ; S8 " +CH* (17)
+CH* (18) +CH* ( 29 )
360 DRAW " BM+ 1 0 , +0 " +CH* (14) +CH* ( 2
3) +CH* (29) +CH* ( 14) +CH* (27)
370 IF I NKEY*< >CHR* (13) THEN 370
ELSE PAINT (128, 175) ,5,8
380 L=LEN < J*) : M=INT ( 132- (21* (LEN
(J*) /2) ) —21 )
390 FOR X=1 TO l:m=m+21:for S=1
TO 10 STEP 3
400 DRAW " BM " +STR* < M ) + " , 100;C6;S"
+STR* ( S ) +CH* ( ASC (MI D* ( J* , X , 1 ) ) -5
5)
4 1 0 PLAY " V3 1 5 T230 ; L230 ; 03 ; A " : DR A
W " BM " +STR* (M) +" , 100; C5j S" +STR* < S
) +CH* ( ASC (MI D* ( J * , X , 1) ) —55)
GUARDIAN
by
WILLIAMS®
You've played "DEFENDER" at the arcade, but
you've only seen the "attempted copies" for your
Color Computer! Now get the real thing!
Stunning sounds and explosions good enough to
be approved by Williams Electronics (Makers of
"DEFENDER"),
Order now by check, M.O., C.O.D., or see your
dealer ... (If he doesn't have it yet, send him to us!)
$27.95 - Tape
$29.95 - Disk
Add $1.50 per order for postage and handling.
California residents add 6%.
QUASAR ANIMATIONS
1520 Pacific Beach Drive
San Diego, CA 92109
(619) 274-2202
WILLIAMS is a registered trademark of Williams Electronics.
V J
420 NEXT S:DRAW"BM"+STR*(M)+", 10
0;C6;S12"+CH*(ASC(MID*(J*,X, 1) )-
55): NEXT X
430 T =2000
440 GOSUB560
450 T=T-l:IF T=0 THEN GOSUB470:G
OTO650
460 GOTQ580
470 PLAY " T3 ; L3 ; V3 1 ; 0 1 ; B ; L2 ; A "
480 PAINT (128, 175) ,5,8
490 IF T>0 THEN GOSUB560: RETURN
500 LINE (0,79) -<255, 100) , PRESET,
BF
510 M=INT ( 132— (21* (LEN (J*)/2)) —2
1)
520 FOR X=1 TO LEN(W*> :M=M+21
530 DRAW " BM " +STR* (M) +" , 100; C8; SI
2"+CH*(ASC(MID*<W*, X,2) )-55) :NEX
T X
540 FOR X=1 TO 1000: NEXT: LINE (0,
79) - <255, 100) , PRESET, BF
550 RETURN
560 WW*= " " : M= I NT ( 1 30- ( 1 4*LEN ( W* )
/ 2 ) )
570 DRAW " BM " +STR* (M) + " , 187; C6; S8
" : RETURN
580 IN*=INKEY*: IF IN*=" "THEN GO
TO450
590 IF ASC (IN*) =8 THEN WW*= GO
TO 610 ELSE IF ASC (IN*) =13 THEN
START
T ‘ 1!
COMPUTER PROGRAMS
TRS-B0 MODEL 1/3 16K LEVEL II
TRS-B0 16K COLOR
*3 FROG PACE *3
DEMO PROGRAM FROG RACE COMES ON CASSETTE WITH A
REFUND COUPON TO USE ON YOUR NEXT ORDER.
FROG RRCE CRSSETTE *3.
WITH CATALOG
DUO-PRKS ARE
*10
EACH.
PRK HO.
PROGRAM SIDE 1
/
PROGRAM SIDE 2
DUO-PAK-1
GONE FISHING
/
CONCENTRATION
DUO-PAK-2
CRAPS
/
SLOT-MACHINE
DUO-PRK-3
STARSHIP
s
SHERLOCK HOLMES
DUO-PPK-4
TANK ATTACK
/
ASSOCIATION
DUO-PRK-3
NUMBER GUESS
/
DICE ROLL
DUO-PRK-6
IN-BETWEEN
/
SHELL GAME
DUO-PAK-7
SAFARI
/
STARSHIP-2
DUO-PAK-8
MORTAR BATTLE
s
PUZZLE
DUO-PRK-9
TEASERS
/
MOUSE
DUO-PRK-10
PT BOAT
/
TURTLE RACE
DUO-PRK-1 1
CHEK-CHES
/
STARSHIP-3
DUO-PRK-12
THINK
/
LUCK l LOGIC
DUO-PRK-1 3
TREASURE ISLANO
/
RESCUE
DUO-PRK-300
DC-OHMS LAW
/
FLC-FRC
DUO-PRK-301
IC-TIMER-1
/
IC-TIMER 2
$*t*txt*$:t*i:t*x***xx*t***x**x***t**$*xx**t***.x*
SYSTEM PROGRAMS
*10 EACH
SU1
CASSETTE COPY
/
CASSETTE COPY
***********************************************
ORDERS WILL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL PPD.
SORRY NO COD'S
BE SURE TO SPECIFY WHICH COMPUTER YOU HAVE.
B. ERICKSON P.O. BOX 11099
CHICAGO, IL. 6061 1
620 ELSE IF ASC (IN*) <65 OR ASC(I
N*)>90 THEN GOTO450
600 IF LEN(WW*)=LEN(W$) THEN 450
ELSE DRAW CH* ( ASC ( IN*) -55) : WW$=
WW*+IN*:GOTO450
610 PAINT (128, 175) ,5,8: GOSUB560:
GOTO450
620 IF WW*=W* THEN PLAY" V31 ; L10;
T100;O3;A;B;C;D;E;F;G" ELSE GOSU
B470: IF T>0 THEN 450 ELSE G0T065
0
630 SC*(PL)=STR*( <INT< <LEN<W*)*3
0)+T/2.86) )+VAL(SC*(PL) ) ) : GOSUB7
60
640 FOR X=1 TO 500: NEXT: LINE (0,7
9) -(255, 100) , PRESET, BF: PAINT (128
, 175) ,5,8
650 NEXT WORD: IF LP=2 THEN PL=PL
+1 : LP=0: PUT (0, 52) - (28, 66) , B: PUT (
227,52)- (255,66) , U, PSET : PLAY " T3 ;
L3; 03; V31 ; g; L3; 02; G" : GOTO270
660 IF PL=2 THEN PUT (227, 52) - <25
5, 66) , B ELSE PUT (0, 52) - (28, 66) , B
670 DRAW"BM13, 100; C7; S16"+CH* ( 16
) +CH* ( 10) +CH* (22) +CH* (14)
680 DRAW " BM 1 45 , 1 00 " +CH* ( 24 ) +CH* <
31) +CH* (14) +CH* ( 27 )
690 DRAW " BM65 , 1 87 ; C6 ; S8 " +CH* (17)
+CH*(18)+CH*(29)
700 DRAW "BM+10, +0" +CH* (14) +CH* ( 2
3 ) +CH* ( 29 ) +CH* (14) +CH* ( 27 )
710 IF VAL(SC*<1) ) >VAL(SC*(2) ) T
HEN DRAW " BM 1 07 , 25 " ELSE DRAW"BM1
49,25"
720 DRAW " S4 ; C8 ; NU5 ; NE5; NR5 ; NF5 ; N
D5; NG5; NL5; NH5" : FOR X=1 TO 100: N
EXT
730 DRAW " C5 ; NU5 ; NE5; NR5 ; NF5 ; ND5 ;
NG5; NL5; NH5" : FOR X=1TO100: NEXT
740 IF INKEY*OCHR*<13) THEN 720
750 SC* ( 1 ) = " 0 " : SC* ( 2 ) = " 0 " : SCREEN
0,0: GOTO 130
760 L=LEN (SC* (PL) ) — 1 : ON PL G0T07
70,780
770 PA I NT ( 98 ,36) ,5,8: M= I NT < 1 0 1 — (
14*L/2) -14) : GOTO790
780 PAINT ( 158, 36) ,5,8: M=INT < 160-
<14*L/2)-14>
790 FOR SC=2 TO L+l : M=M+14: DRAW"
BM"+STR* (M) +" , 48; C6; S8"
800 DRAW CH* (ASC (MID* (SC* (PL) , SC
, 1) )-48)
810 NEXT SC
820 RETURN
830 DATA SIRLOIN, HELP, ASSIST, DON
E, REMEMBER, WORK, LADY, NAME, PROGRA
M , NUMBER , C I GAR , GRAPH , D I SH , MOTOR ,
ENGINE, BODY, AUTOMOBILE, TRUCK, SWE
EP , LAMP , L I GHT , D I SPLAY , REC I PE , AUT
OMATIC, FEATURE, ADVENTURE, CONTEST
126 the RAINBOW July 1983
, MEMORY , QU I CK , MACH I NE , ANNUAL , HUN
DRED, THOUSAND, SUGAR, BECAU
840 DATA BOOK, PAPER, AUTHOR, COAL,
FUEL, STOVE, BUCKET, PAIL, LAZY, QUIT
, CHURCH , CHAPEL , STAR , SH I P , COMET , P
LANET, ROCK, ROCKET, INDEX, EQUAL, EV
EN , S A I L , SHELL , OYSTER , LOBSTER , PLE
ASE , RELEASE , ED I TOR , WR I TE , POWERFU
L, SCREEN, ALLOW, SAMPLE, THROUGH, MA
NY , PURSUE , EACH , COPY , BOMB
850 DATA FACE, NOSE, CHEEK, BONE, FA
T, MUSIC, TELEVISION, RADIO, LAW, SEN
I OR , J UN I OR , FRESH , SCHOOL , L I FT , R A I
SE , LOWER , MED I UM , PL A I N , H I LL , F ARME
R , RANCH , W I NG , SOME , OTHER , BEL I EVE ,
THIS, JUST , W I LD , MOTHER , FATHER , UNC
LE , AUNT , SHOCK , E X ACT , GENEROUS , BRO
WN , BLUE , GREEN , PURPLE , E I GH
860 DATA INDIAN, STATE, COUNTRY, TH
AT , POL I CE , PECAN , WALNUT , BROOM , SAG
E, PEPPER, MALT, DRUG, STAMP, ENVELOP
E, HEAT, CLEAN, DIRTY, CARPET, SOFA, C
OUCH, TABLE, FLOWER, SHACK, LOOK, SHO
E , PANTS , DRESS , SH I RT , SOCK , M I TTEN ,
GLOVE , STRANGE , C I T Y , TOWN , BR I GHT , B
EAUT I FUL , NOVEL , SW I NG , FORM
870 DATA CABINET, DRIFT, FLOAT, PRE
TEND , AUD I O , DOCTOR , DENT I ST , NURSE ,
RENT , LEASE , SK I LLET , BRO I L , BAKE , FR
Y , HAMMER , MOVE , CH I CKEN , DUCK , GOOSE
, HORSE , PONY , COLT , KN I GHT , R I DE , PAN
, POT , MORTGAGE , PRETEND , PLAY , TENT ,
KNOW , TEACH , DR I NK , DARK , VO I CE , HOTE
L , MOTEL , I NT I MATE , STORY , ST
880 DATA SIZE, CENTER, FORWARD, GUA
RD , TACKLE , GOAL , BACK , GROUND , PRESE
NT , G I FT , LOCKER , C I RCLE , FLOWER , CRY
STAL, JEWEL, COFFEE, FLEA, CRIME, MUR
DER, HOLD, UGLY, PRETTY, MILD, GENTLE
, HAMMER , BALL , THE I R , THEY , WERE , G I R
L , WARM , SOFT , Y I ELD , CREATURE , FAST ,
SLOW, EVERYONE, SUCH, END
890 DATA "BUl;U4;Ei;R2;Fl;D4;Gi;
L2; Hi ; BD1 ; M+4, -6; BD6; BR3"
900 data "BU5;BRi5Ei;D6;NLl;Ri;B
M+4, +0"
910 DATA "NR4;Ul;BU3;Ul;El;R2;Fl
;Dl;Gl;Ll; G2; BM+7, +1 "
920 DATA ”BU5;El;R2;Fl;Dl;Gl;NL2
; F l ; D l ; G 1 ; L2 ; NH l ; BM+7, +0"
930 DATA "BU3;NR4;M+3,-3;D6;BM+4
,+ 0 "
940 DATA "BU4;NR3;U2;R4;BD2;BLl;
Fl ; D2; Gl ; L2; Hi ; BM+7, +1 "
950 data "BU6;BR3;NFi;L2;Gl;D2;N
R3; D25 Fl ; R2; El ; ui ; Hi ; BM+4, +3"
960 DATA "Ul;BU5;R4;Dl;M-4,+4;BM
+7, +1 "
July 1983 the RAINBOW 127
970 DATA "BU1?U1;E1;R2;E1;U1?H1;
L2;gi?di;fi?R2;F1;di;gi;L2;hi;bm
+7, +1 "
9B0 DATA "BUl;Fl;R2;El5U4iHl;L2;
Gi ? Dl ; Fl ? R3? BM+3, +3"
990 DATA "U5;E1;R2?F1;D3;NL4?D2;
BR3"
1000 DATA "U6;R3;Fl;Dl;Gl?NL3;Fl
; D l ; G 1 ; L3 ; BR7 "
1010 DATA "BUI ; U4; El ; R2? Fl ; BD4 ; g
i;L2;Hl;BR7;BDi"
1020 DATA "R1;U6;NL1;R2;F1;D4?G1
?L2?BR6"
1030 DATA "U3;NR3?U3;R4;BD6;L4?B
R7"
1040 DATA " U3 ; NR3 ; U3 ; R4 ; BD6 ; BR3 "
1050 DATA "BU1;U4;E1?R3;BD4;NL1;
D2;L3?H1?BR7;BD1"
1060 DATA “U3; NR4; U3; BR4? D6; BR3"
1070 data "BU6;bri;ri?nd6;ri?bri
?BD6;BL1;L2?BR6"
1080 DATA "BU2; Dl ; Fl ; R2? El ? U5? BD
6;BR3"
1090 DATA "U6?BR4?M-4,+3?M+4,+3;
BR3"
1100 DATA "NU6? R4? BR3"
1110 DATA" "U6; M+2, +3; M+2, -3; D6; B
R3"
UPSET
ABOUT POOR
VIDEO QUALITY?
We can fix it !
Designed]
by
Oennis B.
KitsgJLl.
ASSEMBLED LOWER CASE MODULE $69.95
Easy to install - No software changes
-Adds lower case with true descenders.
BOARD ONLY $12.00
TV Buff
will give standard NTSC
video output for virtually
any monitor $ 9 96
send $1.00 for our
complete catalog
dealers call (212) 499 -5400
WORLD ELECTRONICS
177 27th Street
Brooklyn , N.y. 11232
1120 DATA ,, U6?M+4,+6;U6;BD6?BR3"
1130 DATA " U6 ; R4 ; D6 ? L4 ? BR7 "
1140 DATA "U6;R3;Fl;Dl;Gl;L3SD35
BR7"
1150 DATA "BU1;U4;ei;R2;fi;D4;gi
? L25 HI ; BE1 ; BR1 ; F2; BR3"
1160 DATA "U6;R3;Fl;Dl;Gl JL3;R1;
M+3, +3? BR3"
1170 DATA "BUl;Fl5R2;El;Ul;BU35H
l ; L2; Gi ; Dl ; M+4, +2; BR3; BD2"
1180 DATA "BU6;R2;ND6;R2;BD6jBR3
II
1190 data m bui;U5;br4;D5;gi;L2;h
1 ; BD1 ; BR7"
1200 DATA "BU6?M+2,+6;M+2,-6?BD6
; BR3"
1210 DATA "U6;BR4;D6;m-2,-2;nui;
m-2,+2?br7"
1220 DATA "Ul;M+4,-4;Ul?BL4;Dl;M
+4,+4?Di?BR3"
1230 DATA "BR2;U3;M-2,-2;Ul;BR4;
Dl ; M— 2, +2; BD3; BR5"
1240 DATA "BU6; R4; M-4, +6; R4; BR3"
1250 CLS: PRINT: PRINT" IN whatz
it A SCRAMBLED GROUPDF LETTERS
WILL APPEAR. YOU WILLHAVE APPROX
IMATELY THIRTY SEC- ONDS IN WHI
CH TO FIGURE OUT THE CORRECT WOR
D THESE LETTERS FORM AND ENTER T
HEM ON THE KEYBOARD. "
1260 PR I NT "IF YOU MAKE A TYPING
ERROR, YOU MAY HIT THE KEY A
ND START OVER. IF YOU < ENTER >
THE WRONG ANSWER, IT WILL BE ER
ASED AND YOU MAY RE-ENTER IT A
S TIME AL-"
1270 PR I NT "LOWS. THE GAME MAY BE
PLAYED BY EITHER ONE OR TWO PEO
PLE. PRINT: PRINT" HIT ANY KE
Y TO CONTINUE"?
1280 IF INKEY$=" "THEN 1280
1290 CLS: PR I NT: PR I NT" EACH PL A
YER GETS TEN RANDOM- LY CHOSEN W
ORDS IN EACH ROUND. YOUR SCORE
IS BASED ON BOTH THE AMOUNT OF T
I ME YOU USE AND THE LENGTH OF T
HE SCRAMBLED WORD. "
1300 PR I NT "PLEASE NOTE THAT YOUR
ANSWER IS NOT COMPLETE UNTIL YO
U PRESS < ENTER >. THE TIMER DO
ES NOT START UNTIL ALL THE S
CRAMBLED LETTERS ARE ON THE SC
REEN. FOL- LOW THE PROMPTS AS TH
EY APPEAR ON THE SCREEN AND GOO
D LUCK ! ! "
1310 PRINT: PRINT" HIT ANY KEY TO
BEGIN THE GAME"
1320 IF I NKE Y $= " " THEN 1320 ELSE
CLSRND (8) : GOTO 130
/f^\
128 the RAINBOW July 1983
WORKSAVER RECEIVES
RAVE REVIEWS
FROM COLOR COMPUTER NEWS AND RAINBOW
• Fast Entry of
Basic Programs
• Over 100 user
definable keys
• Enhances all Coco’s ,
from 16K Non Extended
Basic to Extended, 64K,
Disk
• Available on Disk or
cassette
• Built in cassette merge
• User’s Support Service
L m CLOSE in p E EI(l
IHijg
= IKYS [71 LIST 171 RNI
QDI
TAN( Q USING 0 RUN
ERASE LST KEY
"There are a number of
products on the Coco
market. ..the WORKSAVER
ranks up there with the
best of them"
— Rainbow Dec. '82
"...undoubtedly the best
''program I have ever
bought for my color
computer"
—Color Computer News
Jan. ’83
"the main function of the
program seems to be mak-
ing things easier and more
functional for the user. It
succeeds extremely well"
—Color Computer News
Jan. ’83
u
p
G
R
A
D
E
Y
O
U
R
THE WORKSAVER WILL SAVE YOU HOURS OF WORK...WRITING AND DEBUGGING YOUR PROGRAMS ”
— Rainbow Dec. '82
FULL SCREEN EDITOR
I "WANT TO CHANGE the line a
I couple lines up? Simple. Use the I
I arrow keys to the appropriate
I place and make the change. This is
| not only a lot easier, but it is vastly I
faster, too. ..changing line
I numbers, joining lines together,
I breaking them apart, duplicating I
I them elsewhere — heady stuff — is
very easy to do with the I
| Worksaver" (Rainbow)
DYNAMIC EDITING
This is one of our users’ favorite
features: When the computer halts
due to an error, or you want to
make an improvement while run-
ning, you can make changes
without losing data: “This is a ma-
jor plus in debugging. ..it can save I
a lot of time in data loads. ..(and) |
the generation of data through in-
puts. ' ‘ Rainbow Dec. '82 |
"The things that this program
add to the color computer...
INCREASE ITS
CAPABILITIES MANIFOLD
...it should have been incor-
porated into the original
MICROSOFT programming (or)
given out with every color com-
puter."
—Color Computer News Jan '83
THE PLATINUM WORKSAVER
INCLUDES:
• Enhancement program, including a
sample array editor on a high-quality
Agfa cassette.
• Fully labeled acetate keyboard over-
lay, not a cheap stick-on.
• Complete instructions
• Loads in seconds, takes 2.2 K
WORKSAVER A1-A3 OWNERS:
Contact us regarding return policy for
our New A-4 version.
The PLATINUM WORKSAVER costs
$35.00 plus $3.00 S&H (NY residents
add appropriate tax). To order write:
PLATINUM SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 833
™ Plattsburgh, N.Y. 12901
Phone orders: (518) 643-2650 9-5 EST
VISA, MASTERCARD ACCEPTED PERSONAL CHECKS
TAKE 2-3 WEEKS TO PROCESS
DYNAMIC INPUT
Perform numeric calculations,
and check the contents of ar-
rays and variables, WITHOUT in-
terrupting the running of BASIC
programs: "An EXTREMELY \
valuable feature that I use ALL
the time. ”
—Color Computer News Jan. '83
NUMERIC KEYPAD
CONVERSION
"The keys JKLUIOP are defined \
as the numbers t-7. respective
ly...this mode is a Godsend for \
long data statements."
—Color Computer News Jan. '83
FULL FEATURED
4 COLOR
KEYBOARD OVERLAY
"TRUTH: The WORKSAVER
overlay is the best we have
seen lor this type of program . "
—The Rainbow Dec. '82
"A well designed keyboard
overlay (NOT a sticker... "
— Color Computer News Jan.
'83
c
0
L
O
R
C
O
M
P
U
T
E
R
the
RAINBOW
16K
KCB
To Create
EDUCATION NOTES
Learning
Forms of Sub
By Steve BI^q,
Rainb9p€oattibuting Editor
_ •- . • -■>
W hen was the last time you filled out a form? 1
sometimes feel that I am constantly asked to fill out
a form of one kind or another.
A surprising number of students are unable to independ-
ently complete many forms and applications. In a world full of
forms, it is essential to have the ability to fill them out
properly. Too often, mistakes are made by handlers of these
forms even after we have completed them correctly. Let’s at
least learn to do our part right.
We have all had experiences filling out charge, employ-
ment, school, social security, motor vehicle, bank account,
health insurance, and innumerable other forms and applica-
tions. Yet, this is not a subject often taught in our schools. It
really should be taught as part of a “survival education” or
“life preparation” course. Too frequently, children encounter
these legalistic looking papers for the first time when they
actually have to fill them out for a real purpose.
This month’s program offers practice and some teaching of
a few of the common elements of applications. It is by no
means a comprehensive course in filling out forms. It is merely
a start on this path.
You may be surprised to find which items confuse certain
children. 1 am constantly surprised by this. My own 10 year
old was totally baffled on whether his borough or city should
go into the “city” space. (The borough is usually the expected
correct response in New York City.) Many children who are
well aware of the answer are confused about exactly how they
should enter their date of birth. Don’t be surprised when
unusual answers occur. A common answer to the questions of
130 the RAINBOW July 1983
“sex” for many children is “yes” or “no” rather than “male"
or “female.” This is the time and place for the kids to learn
the correct responses.
Much effort went into anticipating the various possible
mistakes that children may make on the individual items.
For example, line 250 will automatically insert a comma
after the name of the city. Lines 310 and 340 will similarly
place parentheses around the area code in a telephone
number.
Some items on applications have variable lengths. As
much room as possible was left to accommodate names of
persons and cities. Other items, however, have definite
lengths. This program coaxes the child to use only the
correct number of entries. For example, the L) .S. Post Office
has two letter abbreviations for all of the 50 states. No
periods are used anymore. Line 260 checks to see if two
letters were used for the state’s entry. If other than two
letters are used, the program goes to line 520 where the
message “all states use two letters" is flashed. Then the child
is always given another chance to enter the item correctly.
Area codes, zip codes, and telephone numbers have similar
error trapping and messages. Of course, if you live in an area
that has different rules, then change the values in the
appropriate places to reflect your needs.
Most applications expect two digit answers for data of
birth questions. February 20, I960, usually appears as
02/ 20/60. This program reinforces the use of two digits and
cheats on lines 430 and 450 for improper month or date
f Mr. Blyn, who teaches both exceptional and gifted children, holds
two Master 's degrees in the field of education and has won an award
for the design of a computer program to aid handicapped children.
He and his wife, Cheryl, own Computer Island.)
entries. Line 630 prints the error message for these re-
sponses.
After the last entry is completed, the message “your appli-
cation is accepted" is scrolled across the bottom of the
screen. Other possible items that you may wish to include in
an enlarged version are sex, date, height, weight, hair and
eye color, references, etc.
We welcome your comments as well as the opinion of any
youngsters who make use of this program. Let’s hear from
you.
The listing:
\
Y
120. .
. . 01B9
430.. .
560.. .
. . 0590
. . 0858
260. .
. . 036C
END .
. 0AC7
10 REM*STEVE BLYN, COMPUTER ISLAN
D
20 CLEAR500
30 CLS:PRINT@96, "DO YOU HAVE A P
R INTER TURNED ON": INPUT PR*: IF L
EFT* ( PR* , 1 ) =" Y" THEN PR= 1
40 P0KE359, 57: SCREEN0, 1 : REM***#
♦LET’S USE A DIFFERENT COLORED
SCREEN FOR A WELCOME CHANGE
50 CLS
60 PRINT06, "*appl ication form*";
70 PRINT032, "NAME: ";
80 PRINT069, "
90 PRINT® 102, "LAST FI
RST" ;
100 PRINT037, "" » : LINE INPUTL*:SO
Of Course! And Educational Too!
"Hello, I'm Merlapple™ Ihe Wizard. My friends and I from Foiled Library Book Company are helping grade school
children all over the United Slates build logic, math and language skills through six unique programs designed for Ihe
Radio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer.
These widely acclaimed, award winning games from The Learning Company capture the fancy and test the reasoning pro-
cesses of boys and girls ages preschool through thirteen. Using both high and low resolution graphics, the games range from easy to "mind-boggling", each offering a
distinct challenge to its players. "How-to-play" enadmenls contribute to program understanding, while noth graphic and musical feedback enhance learning.
The six outstanding programs offered include Juggles Rainbow™, Bumble Plot™, Bumble Games™, Magic Spells™, and Moplown Hotel™. To order
any or all of the above programs, please return the order form below.
I
I PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANCE
SOFTWARE ORDER FORM
RADIO SHACK COLOR COMPUTER (16K EXTENDED BASIC)
CASSETTES
DISKETTES
PROGRAM
TITLE
0R0ER
NUMBER
PRICE
QUANTITY
ORDER
NUMBER
PRICE
QUANTITY
Juggle s Rainbow
90202C
$37
902020
$50
Bumble Games
90200C
S45
902000
$65
Bumble Plot
9020 1C
S45
902010
$65
Magic Spells
90203C
$40
90203D
$55
Moplown Hotel
(3 programs)
90204C
S30
90204D
$35
Moplown Parade
(8 programs)
9020SC
$40
9020SD
$45
TOTAL
TOTAL
CHECK ENCLOSED □ <jg$l □ □ EXP. DATE
CHARGE CARD #
Name
School/Library Disl. #
Address
City State Zip
Phone No of Person Originating Order
Your FLB Acct. # P.O. #
FOLLETT LIBRARY BOOK CO.
4506 Northwest Highway, Crystal Lake. IL 60014
TOLL-FREE 800-435-6170
In Illinois. Hawaii. Alaska call collect: 815-455-1100
J
July 1983 the RAINBOW 131
UND170, 3
110 PRINTS52, " " : PRINT052, " " ; : LI
NE INPUTF*: SOUND200, 3
120 PRINT@64, " " : PRINT096, *
♦♦REMOVES LAST AND FIRST
130 PR I NT@96, "ADDRESS: ";
140 PRINT® 136, "
II ■
150 PR I NT® 169, "STREET AND NUMBER
II ■
J
160 pr i nt@ 104, ""; : line inputs*: so
UND100, 3
170 IF LEN(S*)>24 THEN PRINT0104
, LEFT* (S*, 24)+"
180 PR I NT® 132, " " :PRINT@160, " "
190 GOSUB200: GOTO210
200 PRINTQ160, "
" ; : RETURN
210 PRINTTAB < 10) "CITY"TAB (22) "ST
ATE " TAB (28) "ZIP"
220 PR I NT® 128, " " ; : LINEINPUTC*: SO
UND 1 25 , 3
230 CC=LEN(C*> : IF CC>22 THEN PR I
NT® 128, " " : PR I NT® 128, LEFT* (C*, 22
)
240 IFCC>22 THEN CC=22
250 PR I NT® 1 28+CC , " , " 5
260 PR I NT® 152, : LINEINPUTST*: I
F LEN (ST*) < >2 THEN GOTO 520
The pyramids of brightly colored cubes would be a simple
challenge for your little Bloc Head - IT it weren’t for the
dispicable characters after him, who try to push him off
the cubes before he can change their colored surfaces!
Bloc Head must dodge the sinister springs, bad eggs, &
other evils. Luckily the good guys give him points and
two elevators help him escape to the top of the pyramid,
leaving the evil pursuers behind. Bloc Head knows that if
he can just clear the pyramid of cubes, he goes to the next
level of play, always adding up points,
cassette I 26 l)5 disk *29 9S add *2°° shipping
RAINBOW
CA 92024
Dealer Inquiries Invited (619) 436-3512
COMPUTERWARE
Box 668 • Encinitas,
270 SOUND 150,3
280 PR I NT® 1 55 , " " j ! L I NE I NPUT Z*:
IF LEN (Z*) 05 THEN GOTO 530
290 SOUND 180,3
300 PR I NT® 160, " " : PRINT6192, " "
310 PR I NT® 192, "TELEPHONE #: ( )
II
320 PRINTS236, " "S
330 PR I NT@205 , " " S : L I NE I NPUTT* : I F
LEN (T*) 03 THEN 540
340 PRINT@208, "> "?
350 PRINT@210, " ":PRINT@210, :
LINE INPUT TT* : I FLEN ( TT* ) < >8 THE
N 550
360 IF M I D* ( TT *,4, 1><>"—" THEN 55
0
370 PR I NT0224 , " " : PR I NT6256 , " AGE
: "; :PRINT@292, " — ";
380 PR I NTS260 , " " : PR I NT0260 , " " 5 :
LINE I NPUT AG*
390 IF VAL (AG*) < 1 OR VAL(AG*)>99
THEN GOTO 560
400 PRINTS264, "DATE OF BIRTH:";:
PRINT@310, " ";
410 PRINT0342, "MO.DA. YR. "5
420 NN= 1 2 PR I NT0278 , " " : PR I NT@27
8, " " j : L I NE I NPUTMO* : I FLEN (MO*) < >2
THEN GOTO 570
430 IF VAL (MO*) <0 OR VAL (MO*) >12
THEN GOTO 580
440 NN=3 1 : PR I NT@28 1 , " ":PRINT@28
1, " " ; : L I NE I NPUTDA* : I FLEN (DA*) < >2
THEN GOTO 590
450 IF VAL (DA*) <0 OR VAL (DA*) >31
THEN GOTO 600
460 PR I NT0284 , " " : PR I NT0284 , " " ; :
L I NE I NPUT YR* : I FLEN ( YR* ) < >2 THENG
OTO 610
470 PRINT6288, " "
480 AP*="yoar application is acc
epted"
490 F0RT=1T029: PRINT@447— T , LEFT*
(AP*, T) : SOUND230, 1 : NEXTT
500 IF PR=1THEN 640 ELSE 710
510 '♦
520 F0RT=1T03: PRINT@420, "ALL ST A
TES USE 2 LETTERS"; :SOUND40, 8*. NE
xtt:print@152, " ":print@416, " ":
GOSUB200: GOTO260
530 FORT = 1 T03 : PR I NT@4 16," ALL ZIP
CODES HAVE 5 DIGITS. ": SOUND70, 8
:PRINT@155," ".’NEXTT: PR
I NT@4 16," " : GOSUB200 : GOTO280
540 FORT= 1 T03 : PR I NT@4 16," AREA CO
DES HAVE 3 DIGITS. ": SOUND70, 8: NE
GOTO310
550 F0RT=1T03:PRINT@416, " TELEPH
ONE #’S HAVE 7 DIGITS WITH A
DASH AFTER THE FIRST 3.":SOUND70
, 8 : NEXTT : PR I NT@4 16," " : PR I NT@448
132 the RAINBOW July 1983
* Computers produced after ap-
proximately October, 1982 require
an additional keyboard plug
adapter — please add $4.95.
• Affordable Price— Only $69.95.
• A must have for all serious computerists.
• Highest quality — U.S. made.
• Direct replacement— same key layout
• Professional appearance and operation.
• Fast, simple installation.
• Complete instructions included.
• In stock now.
AT YOUR FAVORITE DEALER OR DIRECT FROM
Mark Data Products
24001 ALICIA PKWY., NO. 226, MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691 • (714) 768-1551
We pay shipping on all orders in the continental U.S. and Canada. Overseas add S5.00 for ship ping and handling. Foreign orders
please remit U.S. funds. California residents, please add 6% sales tax. We accept MasterCard and VISA. We are always looking
for quality machine language programs. Contact us for details.
APPRAISAL & FINANCIAL
SOFTWARE
INCOME APPROACH PRINTOUT USING
MORTGAGE-EQUITY CAPITALIZATION
It provides a report ready page, listing all
significant details of the cap. rate construc-
tion, capitalization of the net income, round-
ing and comments, if any. Select any
interest or yield rate, and terms within
normal parameters. User friendly; just
answer the questions as to rates, terms, net
appreciation/depreciation, net income and
out comes the Income Approach page. It
takes so little time, you can do it overquickly
if you wish to amend the computation.
Printer required. Tapes $85. Disk $95. •■■■
COMPOUND INTEREST & ANNUITY TABLES,
WITH LEASEHOLD AND SUBLEASEHOLD
COMPUTATION PROGRAMS
Have the big book and more for your
assistance at computer speed. Computes
any rate, and terms within normal para-
meters. This alone is worth the price. The
lease program is of inestimable value. User
friendly and menu driven for ease of use.
Printer desireable. Tape $85. Disk $95.
INVESTMENT ADVISOR PROGRAM
Provides practical usage of all six functions
of compound interest: (1) What a fixed
amount left at compound interest will grow
to, (2) What a fixed amount deposited
periodically will grow to, (3) The periodic
deposit required to grow to a fixed amount
by a future date, (4) What a fixed amount due
in the future is worth today, (5) What a fixed
periodic payment for a fixed period of time is
worth today, (6) Fixed periodic payment
required to repay a loan at compound
interest. THESE COMPOUND FUNCTIONS
ARE THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS TO
COMPUTE MOST FINANCIAL PROBLEMS.
Printer desirable. Tape $85. Disk $95.
OTHER COMPUTER SYSTEMS
The programs are being made available
for TRS 80 II & III, Apple, and IBM, PC.
Ask for price.
IN EXTENDED BASIC FOR TRS80CC & TDYIOO
ORDERING: Include $3. for shipping in
U.S. & Canada; others $6.00. Add $2.00 for
C.O.D. Texas Residents add 5% for sales
tax. 713/780-4566 (9 to 5 C.T.) All pro-
grams prepared by M.A.I. with over 20
years experience. WINSTEAD CO., INC.,
Box 31489, Houston, TX 77231
, " " : GOTO 350
560 F0RT=1T03: PRINTQ417, "THAT’S
NOT YOUR REAL AGE. . . " : SOUND70, 8:
NEXTT:PRINT@416, " ":GOTO 380
570 GOSUB620: GOTO 420
580 GOSUB630: GOTO420
590 GOSUB620: GOTO440
600 GOSUB630: GOTO440
610 GOSUB620: GOTO460
620 FORT = 1 T03 : PR I NTS422 , " USE 2 D
IGITS, PLEASE" : SOUND70, 8: NEXTT: PR
INT@416," RETURN
630 FORT= 1 T03 : PR I NT@4 17," ONLY US
E NUMBERS FROM 1 TO" ; NN: SOUND200
, 6: NEXTT: PRINT@416, " ": RETURN
640 PR I NT#-2 , TAB < 30 > " APPL I CAT I ON
FORM" : GOSUB720: GOSUB720
650 PR I NT#-2 , TAB ( 5 ) " NAME : " TAB < 20
>l*tab(40>f$:gosub 730
660 PR I NT#-2 , TAB ( 20 > " LAST " TAB ( 40
) "FIRST" :GOSUB720
670 PR I NT#— 2 , TAB ( 5 > " ADDRESS : " TAB
(20>S*:GOSUB730
680 PR I NT #— 2 , T AB ( 20 ) C* " , "ST*" "
Z*: GOSUB730: GOSUB720
690 PR I NT#— 2 , TAB ( 5 ) " TELEPHONE # :
"TAB (20) " < "T*" ) "TT*: GOSUB730 : GO
SUB720
700 PRINT#— 2, TAB (5) "AGE: "TAB ( 12)
AG*TAB(20) "DATE OF BIRTH: "MO*"/
" DA* " / " YR* : GOSUB730
710 END
720 FORT=l TO 2:PRINT#-2," ":NEX
TT: RETURN
730 PR I NT#— 2 , TAB (20) "
: RETURN
RAINBOWfest Seminar
Talks Available On Tape
Copies of all seminars given at RAINBOWfest are now
available on audio tape.
In addition, a tape is available of the keynote breakfast
speech given by Don Inman. Seminars were given by
Fred Scerbo of IMB on educational software; E.R.
Bailey of Micrologic on faster Basic; Dr. Hal Snyder of
the Northern Illinois Color Computer Club on assembly
language techniques; Tom Nelson of Nelson Software on
legal aspects of software marketing; Steve Bjork of
Datasoft on assembly language graphics; Charles
Roslund of Elite Software on machine language utilities
and a cooperative session for CoCo clubs with Lonnie
Falk of the Rainbow. Each session lasted over an hour.
Tapes are $5 each, or all eight for $35. There is a $1.50
shipping and handling charge, whether you buy one or all
of them.
Orders should be sent to Seminar Tapes, Prickly-Pear
Software, 9234 E. 30th Street, Tucson, AZ 85710. Do not
send orders directly to the Rainbow , it will just delay your
order.
134 theRAINBOW July 1983
PRICKLY- PEAR SOFTWARE
QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COCO & TDP-100
PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K EXTENDED BASIC FOR TAPE, AND 32K DISK UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
ALL NEW THIS MONTH
Disk Zapper!!!
This great utility is unique in the Color Computer field. It gives you the ability to format and copy disks
with up to 40 tracks, instead of the usual 35. In addition?, \fhen copying a disk it will not crash when it
encounters a bad sector. Instead, it tries to read the sector five times and then continues, so you can
retrieve most of the data from even a worst case disk, where the directory track is physically damaged.
These features alone make this program invaluable, but it will also copy any track and sector to any other
(Make a copy of your directory up on track36 where BASIC can’t get to it!!!) and allows you to display the
contents of any part of the disk on the screen, where you can examine the information directly and make
any changes you want using a full screen editor. Your changes are automatically made on the disk as you
scan thru the sector There are also many other applications of this powerful utility which are fully
described in the extensive documentation. This is both a programmer’s tool and a means to protect your
expensive disk software collection by backing up your disks and your disk directories. DISK ZAPPER!!!
requires 64K and one disk drive. Copy procedure requires two drives. $34.95
Music Box
A 1 00% machine language program that lets you EASILY compose (or type in from sheet music) your
favorite song in FOUR PART HARMONY, and assign a different instrument to each voice. Hearthe flute
on the high parts, the bass on the low, and the cello and clarinet on the others. Or, if you prefer, use one
instrument for several voices. This program makes it easy to key in your songs, and they sound great!!
You can play them either backward or forward when you get them done, and you can save them on tape
to be loaded in later. You can easily write pieces that will run for several minutes. The program comes
with a song by BACH, and when you hear it I think you will agree that this song alone is just about worth
the price. You won’t believe the music coming out of your TV'! The program comes with lots of
instructions to help you along, and you will find yourself playing your first masterpiece in a very short
time. Requires 16K with any BASIC. Cassette - $24.95
Prickly-Pear Mailing List
We hope you waited for this mailing list program, ’cause you’ll be mad at yourself if you didn’t!! This
program has six fields for Name, Address, City and State, Phone number, Zip code, and Code. You can
sort alphabetically by last name whether you type your entries with the first name or last name first. You
can sort in Zip Code order. You can search your file on any field you like. You can easily add or delete
entries. You can print any entry — or all entries — or all entries meeting your search criteria. You can print
a phone number list. You can print your labels either one or two across the page. And best of all, you can
do all these things with up to 1 500 records on a single drive system. Oh yes, all screen display is in full
upper and lowercase letters on your choice of a green or white background with no adaptors needed. To
use this mailing list you need 32 K Disk Basic and one diskdrive. It comes with very complete instructions
and is a truly “User Friendly” program. $49.95
FOR DISK VERSIONS ON AMDEK CARTRIDGES, ADD $5.
Stocked by Quality Dealers, or
Your Personal check is welcome - no delay. Include
$1.50 shipping for each program ordered. (Shipping free
on $50.00 or larger orders). Az. residents add 6% sales
tax. Orders shipped within two days.
Send Order To
*
PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
9234 E. 30th Street
Tucson, Arizona 85710
(602) 886-1505
y
Super “Color” Library™
For the TRS-80 Color and TDP System 100 Personal Computers
No matter what kind of problem you are trying to solve with the
Color Computer, there is a program in the ever-expanding
integrated, Super “Color” Library that will give you the solution;
Faster, Better, Smarter!
Every Library program features MEMORY-SENSE to
determine your computer’s memory, from 16 to 64K, and adjusts
automatically to maximize work space. All programs, except the
Super "Color” Speller and Super “Color” Disk-ZAP, feature a true
lowercase display with below line descenders. Each program has
been written specifically for the Color Computer in fast machine
code to be totally compatible for optimum performance —
Something a motley assortment of programs from diverse
sources or a passel of overpriced, wallet-FLEXing software from
a bygone era simply can not achieve.
The Super “Color” Library has all the power, speed,
dependability and compatibility you will ever need so build your
library a volume at a time or put the full power of the complete
library of problem solvers to work right away.
— NEW! —
Super “Color” Writer II
VERSION 3.0 By Tim Nelson
THE INTELLIGENT WORD PROCESSOR
TM
The Super “Color” Writer II is for those who desire the best. It is
the most powerful, fastest, most dependable and versatile word
processor available for the Color Computer, from 16 to 64K. The
Super "Color” Writer II has features for the most demanding
professional, yet it is easy enough for newcomers to master.
Of course the Super “Color" Writer II has all the features you
would expect from the highest quality word processor, such as a
clear, crisp and readable professional display with your choice of
display colors, 9 display formats; standard 32x16 & 51-64-85x21
&24 with real lowercase descenders; full 4-way cursor control,
sophisticated edit commands, the ability to edit any BASIC
program or ASCII textfile, seven delete functions, locate and
change, wild card locate, a real block move & copy, word wrap-
around, programmable tabs, display memory used and left, non-
breakable space, multiple headers and footers, dynamic text
formatting, comprehensive format parameters, use with ANY
printer at any baud rate from 1 1 0 to 9600 baud, automatic justifi-
cation, automatic pagination, automatic centering, automatic
flush right, underlining, superscripts, subscripts, pause print,
single-sheet pause, optionally print comments, append text files,
available in a ROMPAK cartridge for maximum work space, but
that's only half of the story. No other program can even begin to
compare in features with the Super "Color” Writer II.
Check These Exclusive Features
MEMORY-SENSE adjusts to computer's memory (16-64K) for
maximum work space; TYPE-AHEAD, TYPAMATIC KEY
REPEAT and KEY BEEP for the pros; 3 PROGRAMMABLE
FUNCTIONS; AUTO PHRASE INSERT; COLUMN CREATION;
TEXT FILE LINKING; HELP MENU; A TRUE EDITING WINDOW
IN ALL 9 DISPLAY MODES; TRUE FORMAT WINDOW to
display line lengths up to 255 characters, with horizontal and
vertical scrolling to replicate the printed page including centered
lines, headers, footers, page breaks, page numbers, margins,
giving a perfect printed document every time. Also makes
hyphenation a snap; TRUE AUTOMATIC JUSTIFICATION for
neat, even left and right hand margins; Ability to use
CHARACTER CODES for printing special characters available
with your printer; freedom to embed as many PRINTER
CONTROL CODES as desired anywhere in the text, EVEN
WITHIN JUSTIFIED TEXT; 90-plus page tutorial manual.
ADDITIONAL DISK FEATURES: Read a directory, Display free
granules, Save with Automatic Verification, Load and Append
ASCII files, and BASIC programs, Kill files, and Link files from
disk for continuous printing. 54K bytes of workspace available
with a 64 K system. Only the best offers all of these features.
TAPE $69.95
ROMPAK $89.95
DISK $99.95
Tutorial only $15.00 (Refundable with purchase)
Tape & Disk require 32K for lowercase display
Previous Super “Color" Writer II owners call for upgrade policy.
Super “Color” Mailer™
Super “Color” Speller
By Peter A. Stark
TM
By Tim Nelson
The Super “Color” Mailer is a powerful multi-purpose mailing
list merging arid sorting program including lowercase display
that uses files created by the Super “Color” Writer II. Combine
files, sort and print mailing lists, print "Boilerplate" documents,
automatically insert text in standardized forms, address
envelopes, the list is endless.
TAPE $39.95 DISK $59.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
The Super "Color" Speller is a fast machine-code proofreading
program to correct Super "Color” Writer files. Automatically
proofreads your documents against a 20,000 word stock
dictionary, plus your own customized dictionary and corrects
typos or marks them for special attention.
AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY $69.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
NELSON SOFTWARE SYSTEMS 9072 Lyndale Avenue So., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55420 612/881-2777
32x16 & 51 -64-85x21 &24 Display ^ /j CA 1/
With Lowercase Descenders And 1 D Thru O^iXToo!
“Color” Calc™ Super “Color” Terminal
ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET By Kevin Herrboldt
Now you can answer those "What if?" financial projection,
forecasting, budgeting, engineering and calculating questions
with precision, speed and power using the Super “Color” Calc,
truly the finest electronic worksheet and financial modeling
program available for the Color Computer, from 16 to 64K. Now
every Color Computer owner has access , to a calculating and
planning tool rivaling VisiCalcT containing all its features and
commands and then some. You need only change one variable
and you instantly see how that change affects yourassumptions.
You can even use VisiCalc templates freely with Super “Color”
Calc! Combine spread sheet tables with Super “Color" Writer II
documents to create ledgers, projections, statistical and
financial reports and budgets.
Features include: 9 display formats: standard 32x16 & 51-64-
85x21 &24 with real lowercase descenders ' MEMORY-SENSE to
adjust to computer's memory (16-64K) formaximum workspace;
Full-size 63x256 worksheet * Easy to use ' HELP Menus to make
learning faster ' Machine code speed and high precision * Total
flexibility in calculating * Up to FOUR VIDEO DISPLAY
WINDOWS to compare and contrast results of changes * Sine
and Cosine functions, Averaging, Exponents, Algebraic
functions, and base 10 or 16 entry ‘ Multi-layered Column and
Row Ascending and Descending sorts " Locate formulas or titles
in fields ‘ Easy entry, replication and block moving of frames *
Global or Local column width control up to 81 characters each *
Create titles of up to 255 characters * Typamatic Key Repeat *
Key beep * Type-ahead * Print up to 132 column worksheet *
Prints at any baud rate from 110 to 9600 * Print formats savable
along with worksheet * Enter control codes for customized
printing.
DISK FEATURES: Read a directory; Display free granules; Kill
files, Save with Automatic Verification; Load files; Append disk
files for complete worksheet printing. 54K bytes of worksheet
space available with a 64K system.
Tutorial and sample templates are supplied with the program.
ROMPAK $89.95 DISK $99.95
Tutorial only S15.00 (Refundable with purchase)
Disk requires 32K for lowercase display
TM
THE FINEST TERMINAL PROGRAM ANYWHERE!
Version 3.0 By Dan Nelson
The best has become even better, with many new features
including 9 display formats; 32x16 & 51-64-85x21 &24 with real
lowercase descenders, plus compatibility with the 64K Color
Computer. This user-friendly program makes communicating
with ANY computer a breeze even fora newcomer. Communicate
using your modem with all the popular information services such
as Dow Jones, CompuServe, The Source, and local BBS's, clubs,
friends, or the main-frame at work. You can also communicate
directly with other microcomputers, such as the TRS-80 I/Ill, II,
other Color Computers, Apples, IBM PCs, etc., via RS-232
without using a modem. Save the information or PRINT IT!
FEATURES: MEMORY-SENSE to adjust to computer's memory
(1 6-64K) for maximum work space; Selectively print data at baud
rates from 1 10 to 9600 ‘ 54K of data storage with 64K disk system.
128 character ASCII keyboard * Automatic graphics mode '
Word mode (word wrap) for unbroken words ‘ Send & receive
Super “Color" Writer II, Database & Calc files, ASCII files,
Machine Language & BASIC programs * Set communications
baud rate from 110 to 9600, Duplex: Half/Full/Echo, Word length:
5 6 7 or 8, Parity: Odd/Even or None, Stop Bits: 1-9 ' Local
linefeeds to screen ' Save and load ASCII files, Machine Code &
BASIC programs * Unique CLONE feature for copying any tape ‘
Lower case masking * 10 Keystroke Multiplier (MACRO) buffers
to perform repetitive pre-entry log-on tasks and send short
messages ' Programmable prompt or delay for send next line "
Selectable character trapping ‘ Files compatible with other
Library programs,
ADDITIONAL DISK FEATURES: Works with up to four Disk
Drives; Call a directory, Print free space, Kill disk files, Save with
Automatic Verication and Load textfiles or BASIC programs;
Save and Load KSM'S to the disk.
TAPE $49.95 ROMPAK $59.95 DISK $69.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
Previous Super "Color" Terminal owners call for upgrade policy.
ITM
Super “Color” Disk-ZAP
By Tim Nelson
Now the dreamed-of repair of 1/0 errors is a reality. The Super
“Color" Disk-ZAP™ is the ultimate repair utility for simple and
quick repair of all repairable disk errors. Designed with the non-
programmer in mind, the Super “Color" Disk-ZAP™ will let you
retrieve all types of bashed files, including BASIC and Machine
Code programs.
This high-speed machine code disk utility has a special dual
cursor screen display to show HEXIDECIMAL and ASCII
displays simultaneously. You are able to: Verify or modify disk
sectors at will * Type right onto the disk to change unwanted
program names or prompts * Send sector contents to the printer
or any other RS-232 device * Search the entire disk for any
grouping of characters * Copy sectors * Backup tracks or entire
disks * Repair directory tracks and smashed disks ' Full
prompting to help you every step of the way * 50-plus page
Operators Manual which helps you simply and quickly fix the vast
majority of disk errors, and teaches the rudiments of disk
structure and repair.
AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY $49.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
(^) SU P er “
>S *— - — Thic; hinh ma
Color” Database
TM
NELSON
SOFTWARE
SYSTEMS
9072 Lyndale Avenue So. 612/881-2777
A Division of Softlaw Corporation Minneapolis, Minnesota 55420 U. S. A.
TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp. Visicalc is a trademark of VisiCorp.
WE TAKE THE COLOR COMPUTER SERIOUSLY.
AUTHORS’ SUBMISSIONS ARE ENCOURAGED.
By Dan Nelson
'This high speed machine language program including true
lowercase displays fills all your information management needs,
be they for your business or home. Inventory, accounts, mailing,
lists, family histories, you name it, the Super “Color” Database
will keep track of all your data.
The Super "Color” Database features MEMORY-SENSE to
adjust to computer's memory (16-64K) formaximum workspace.
It is structured in a simple and easy to understand menu system
with full prompting for easy operation. Your data is stored in
records of your own design, each divided into as many fields as
you need. All files are fully indexed for speed and efficiency. Full
sort of records is provided for easy listing of names, figures,
addresses, etc., in ascending or descending order. The math
package performs arithmetic operations and updates other fields
which is especially useful when used as an order entry and
invoicing system. You can create reports, or lists for mailings, or
whatever. Create files compatible with the Super“Color" Writer II
and Terminal. Up to five different print formats are available, and
control codes may be imbedded for customized printing.
AVAILABLE ON DISK ONLY $79.95
Operators Manual only $10.00 (Refundable with purchase)
For Orders ONLY Call Toll Free
1 - 800 - 328-2737
Customer service and product support call (612) 881-2777.
MAILORDERS: $3 U.S. Shipping ($4 CANADA, $10 OVERSEAS)
Personal checks allow 3 weeks. ORDERS SHIPPED SAME DAY!
Available at Dealers everywhere.
If your Dealer is out of stock ORDER DIRECT!
Just when you thought
it was safe to go back
to your CoCo . . .
Mi Tt* i , ■*. A**. ' j ^ e
SNAILS
REVENGE
By Fred B. Scerbo
S ome of you may recall a program which
appeared in the Rainbow over a year ago
called Snail Invaders which was written
with the help of Dale ‘Snail' Haggerty. Since the
publication of that game, many CoCo users have
been asking if and when a follow-up to that game
would appear. Well, the wait is finally over. With
a little graphic help from Dale, we have an even
better graphic game now called Snail’s Revenge.
Dale, a Junior at Drury Senior High School in
North Adams, Massachusetts, has not had as
much time available to devote to the CoCo this
year as he did in the past. Still, we were able to find
the time for him to design a new Snail graphic and
a more impressive title card which appears at the
top of the screen. The animation and actual game
mechanics are my own. A number of 1 M B graphic
techniques have been further sharpened to milk
the maximum speed available from Extended
Color BASIC. Originally, this game was written
on a 32K machine. However, since a greater
number of CoCo owners are still at the 16K level,
a little extra time was spent cramming the same
graphics into 16K. The result was an even more
efficient, structured program.
Now, for a few words about how Snail’s
Revenge works.
138 the RAINBOW July 1983
Snail is written in PMODE
1 .’SCREEN 1,0. Thechoice ofPMODE I
over PMODE 3 was for several reasons.
First, there is not too great a differ-
ence in the resolution between PMODE
3 and I. PMODE 3 uses graphic pixels
which are rectangular in shape. If we go
to PMODE 1, our pixels are twice as
wide, and we can obtain a smoother
graphic since our pixel settings are not
irregular, but perfect squares.
Secondly, PMODE I uses half as
much memory as PMODE 3. Since this
program will use the PCOPY command,
we need to copy only one page for our
animation. The graphics also execute
more rapidly since less graphic memory
must be relocated by the PCOPY com-
mand. Of equal advantage is the addi-
tional memory this gives us for actual
program operation.
The actual execution of this game
takes place in only one graphic page
which occupies half of the viewing
screen. The top half of the screen (page
1) is reserved for the title card and scor-
ing mechanisms. Our game action takes
place on page 3 which is PCOPY to
page 2 which occupies the bottom half
of the screen. Since all animation is tak-
ing place on page 3 which remains out of
view, our movement becomes virtually
“flicker-free."
While Snail Invaders received its in-
spiration from other Invader style
games. Snail's Revenge is a distant cous-
in of the many Pac or Dig games found
on the market or in the arcades. The
plot is relatively simple, but game play is
far from a breeze.
Y ou are The Snail. You are trying to
work your way out of a four-level maze.
The listing:
54 1867
5 0F0B 69 1A99
17 1102 95 1D89
26 .1354 109 1F78
45 15A6 END ...218A
1 PCLEAR3:POKE65495,0:CLEAR190:D
I MW (12) , Z (12) ,U(9) , D ( 9 ) ,L(9) , R ( 9
) ,N<9> ,AE(12> ,BE(14) ,CE(17) , V(9)
,0(4)
2 CLS0 : R*=CHR* (128): FORS=- 1 6TO80
STEP 1 6 : FOR I =258T0387STEP32 : PR I NT
8I-K, STRING* (5, 159+S) ; :NEXT:PRIN
TS418-K, STRING* (5, 156+S) ; : PRINT®
450-K, STRING* (5, 128) ;
3 FORY=0TO6STEP6 : PR I NT0264+Y— K , C
HR* ( 1 45+S ) +CHR* ( 1 59+S ) +CHR* ( 1 59+
S) +CHR* ( 159+S) +CHR* ( 146+S) 5
4 FOR I =296T0392STEP32 : PR I NT® I +Y-
K, STRING* (5, 159+S) ; : NEXTI : PRINT®
424+ Y-K , STR I NG* ( 5 , 1 56+S ) ; : PR I NT®
456+Y-K, STRING* (5, 128) ; : NEXTY
5 FOR Y=0TO96STEP96 : PR I NT0276+Y-K
, STRING* (9, 159+S) ;CHR*(155+S) ; R*
; : PR I NT0308+ Y-K , STR I NG* (10,1 59+S
) ; CHR* ( 152+S) ; R*; : PRINT@340+Y-K,
STRING* (9, 156+S) ; CHR* (152+S) ;R*;
:print@372+y-k, string* ( li, 128) ; :
NEXTY: K=K+32:NEXTS
6 PMODE1 , 1 : PCLS: C0L0R2, 3: LINE (0,
160) -(256, 192) ,PSET,BF:LINE(0, 16
0) - (256, 160) , PRESET
7 DRAW "S8BM 120, 1 76C3F3DLRDR5E3UH
2L3G2DFR2EHL"
8 DRAW " BM6 1 , 1 76C3G3DRLDL5H3UE2R3
F2DGL2HER" : PAINT (20, 170) , 1 , 3
9 COLOR 1,1: GET ( 1 20 , 1 74 ) — ( 1 44 , 1 86
),W,G
10 GET (39, 174) — (63, 186) , Z, G: L*=C
HR* (129) : Q*= " DPMPS " +L*+" DPNQVUFS
"+L*+"HBNF"+L*+"CZ "
11 FORI=0TO160STEP40: CIRCLE (20+1
,20) , 12,3, .9
12 PAINT (20+1, 20) ,3,3
13 LINE (8+1 , 10) - (32+1 , 30) , PRESET
14 PSET (20+1 , 16,2)
15 NEXTI
16 LINE (32, 10) — ( 22, 20) , PRESET : LI
NE— (32,30) , PRESET: PAINT (24, 20) , 1
1
F0RS=1T022: F=ASC (MID* (Q*, S, 1 )
9
17
July 1983 the RAINBOW 139
> +31 : PRINT0324+S, CHR* (F) ; : NEXTS:
Q*= » 6SFE " +L*+ " TDFSCP "
18 FORS= 1 TO 1 1 I F= ASC (MI D* ( Q* , S , 1 )
) +31 : PRINT0394+S, CHR* <F) ? : NEXTS
1 9 L*=CHR* < 209 ) : Q*= " TOB JM " +L*+ " E
FT JHOFE " +L*+ " C Z " +L*+ " EBMF " +L*+ " I
BHHFSUZ "
20 FORDH= 1 T03 1 : ZL=ASC ( M I D* ( Q* , DH
, 1 > > : POKE 1 472+DH , ZL-65: NEXTDH
2 1 Q*= " BRC 1 NU4RU4RD4RU4RD4RU4RNL
4D2NL4D2L6C4 " : FOR I =0TO9 : READZ* ( I
) :next
22 DATA BR2U4R3D4NL3, BR4NU4BR, BR
2U2R3U2NL3BD4NL3 , BR2R3U2NL2U2NL3
BD4, BR2BU2NU2R3U2D4 , BR2R3U2L3U2R
3BD4, BR2U4NR3D2R3D2NL3 , BR2BU4R3D
4, BR2U4R3D2NL3D2NL3 , BR2BU2NR3U2R
3D4
23 E X *= "01 L255BC " : 1=0: FORI 1 = 1 1T0
227STEP27: 1=1+1 : V ( I ) =1 I : NEXTI I
24 1=0: FOR I I =7T077STEP22 : I = I + 1 : 0
<I)=ii+96:nextii: 1=0
25 LINE <70, 32)- <60, 22) , PRESET: LI
NE- <50, 32) , PRESET: PAINT <60, 24) , 1
> 1
26 LINE <88, 30) -(98, 20) , PRESET: LI
NE- <88", 10) , PRESET: PAINT <96, 20) , 1
27 L I NE ( 1 30 ,8) — <140, 18) , PRESET : L
INE- <150, 8) , PRESET
28 PAINT ( 140, 16) , 1, 1
29 C0L0R2 , 3 : L I NE < 26 , 16) — <22, 20 ) ,
PSET : L I NE— < 26 , 24 ) , PSET
30 L I NE < 64 , 26 ) - < 60 , 22 ) , PSET : L I NE
- <56, 26) , PSET
31 LINE <94, 24)- <98, 20) , PSET: LINE
— (94, 16) , PSET
32 L I NE < i 44 , 1 4 ) — ( 1 40 ,18), PSET : L I
NE— ( 136, 14) , PSET
33 FOR I =0TO80STEP40 : C I RCLE < 20+ 1 ,
80) , 14+LL, 2, . 9
34 C0L0R2 , 1 : L I NE ( 6+ I — LL , 68— LL ) — (
34+I+LL, 92+LL) , PRESET, B
35 PAINT <20+1, 80) ,2,2
36 CIRCLE (20+1 , 76— LL) , 2+LL, 2, . 9:
LL=LL+2:NEXT
37 FORYP=0TO40STEP40: FORKP=1TO40
+YP : PSET < RND < 40 ) +20+YP , RND < 20 ) +7
0,3) :NEXTKP, YP
38 GET ( 6 , 68 ) - ( 34 , 92 ) , AE , G
39 GET <44, 66)- <78, 94) , BE, G
40 GET <82, 64) -<122, 96) ,CE,G
41 C0L0R3, 1
42 GET <10, 12) — (30, 28) , R, G
43 GET (50, 12) — (70, 28) , D, G
44 GET ( 90 , 12) — <110, 28 ) , L , G
45 GET ( 1 30 , 1 2 ) — < 1 50 , 28 ) , U , G
Unfortunately, the corridors of the maze are stalked by a
hungry Pac-person with sharp teeth and glassy eyes. You
must cautiously work your way through the maze, while
your adversary can pass through walls at will. If he attacks
you, he will swallow you after rapidly grinding you to snail
pulp with his sharp teeth. (Pay particular attention to this
gobbling sequence which you do not often find in other
games.)
Fortunately, you do have a means of defense. Whenever
the small box below the snail at the top of the screen turns
red, you will obtain the ability to fire a hose into the Pac-
fiend and inflate him to twice his size before he bursts open.
Unfortunately, you must be on the same level as your foe.
You cannot pass through walls as he can. If you “blow-up”
your opponent, you will gain 10 points. If you make it to the
end of the maze, you will gain 50 points. Thus, it will take
some skill to work your way out of the maze while remaining
close enough to blast your hunter. Once you have been eaten
eight times, the game ends. (A reverse Pac-opponent will
appear at the top of the screen whenever you become his
meal.)
Carefully type in the listing. Be sure to POKE 65494,0
before trying to CSA VE this program. Also, do not try to
run the game until you have entered all the lines. We have
done some fancy encoding to keep you guessing what will
happen with each line. I have also included a new IMB
introduction which appears in text while the graphics are
drawn on the graphics’ screen. Your right joystick operates
the snail while the fire button controls your shooting.
With a little typing, you will have an arcade game which
rivals machine language in speed while using the special
features found in Extended BASIC. When trying to reload
this program, be sure to PC LEA R 3 or the program will not
fit in memory. (Only about 200 bytes remain when running
the game.) If your machine cannot handle the POKE65495.0
then leave it out. The game still has impressive speed without
it. This game will work with disk, but you will need 32K.
Enjoy Snail’s Revenge ! While you do, I’ll see if I can
motivate “Snail” to come up with some ideas for Snail 111.
(Maybe Donkey Snail or Snail- A-Pede. Who knows? Only
time at the CoCo will tell!
140 the RAINBOW July 1983
Setting
The Standards
WHAT THEY ARE SAYING ABOUT COLORPEDE
forefront of the pack, the Rainbow, Dec 82 an outstanding offer N. Vernon. IN the best graphics I have seen to date Erie. PA
"It is great! Dayton. OH - the best graphics and playability of any color computer game McKeesport. PA
INTRODUCING
coLORpeoe
n
This truly outstanding engineer designed, 100%
machine language game with multi-colored high
resolution characters and fast action will chal-
lenge the most avid arcade buff. Can be played
by 1 or 2 players controlled with joy sticks or key
board. Joy stick control is fast, smooth and ac-
curate. As COLORPEDE slithers through the toad
stools, you attempt to destroy the COLORPEDE,
knock out the menacing Bouncing Bug and elim-
inate toad stools while accumulating higher and
higher scores. Demonstration mode with top 5
scores. Pause feature. For 16K Color Computer
and TDP-100.
Cassette-$29.95 Disk $34.95
1 53H56* **
1 23456
5 1 - 1 E3H5E
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MfflTIHCK
Ultra fast arcade action with colorful high resolu-
tion graphics. You are the super human who must
fight off the attacking robots and save the remain-
ing humans from destruction. You have super
powers, can shoot in any direction and move
anywhere on the screen to accomplish your vital
mission.
Engineer designed, 100% machine language.
Can be played by 1 or 2 players with joy stick con-
trol. Top 5 scores displayed. Pause feature For
16K Color Computer and TDP-100 with joy sticks.
Cassette-$24.95
TO ORDER:
VISA, MASTERCARD, Money Order.
Please allow 2 weeks for checks. Add
$1 .50 for shipping, $3.00 outside U.S. 4%
tax in Mich.
intracolor
P.O. Box 1035, East Lansing, Ml 48823
(517) 351-8537
COMMUNICATIONS
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED.
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER & TDP-100
HflRMDNYCS -
P.O. BOX 1573
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84110
PREMIUM SOFTWARE
RAINBOW
DISK MONEY MINDER is a family budget tool It allows you to set up a
family budget with as many as 56 user definable categories You may print
but balances, change category names, search a year (or a month or whatever)
of records (for tax purposes for example) DISK MONEY MINDER allows
24 sets of entries and 56 user definable categories at one time You may
break checks and deposits into any number of categories DISK MONE#
MINDER is menu driven and easy to use. Excellent manual with plenty of
examples
Requires 32K plus DISK S19.95
MONEY MINDER II is the cassette version of DISK MONEY MINDER Reviewed
in April 1982 Rainbow and improved since then!
Requires 16K but does NOT require Extended Basic $14.95
PIE-CHART is a unique graphing program It allows you to enter data such
as monthly bills, yearly expenditures etc This data may be entered as per-
centages or in its "raw" state Data entered raw will be converted to percent-
ages by the program The resulting PIE-CHART can be saved to tape or
the data itself can be saved to tape for later use By using a screen print
program (not supplied) you can make printouts of the pie-charts One unique
feature of the program allows you to save a large number of pie-charts or
other hi-resolution screens to tape and reload and display them one at a
time by "flipping" through them quickly much as you might do with a slide
show presentation. This feature would be great for a sales presentation,
club meeting or retail display Other features— automatic screen writing i e
designations-up to 20 entries possible per pie-chart-keyboard toggle of
raw" vs percentage data entry
PIE-CHART needs 16K arid Extended Basic $10.95
AMORT asks you to input the amount of a loan the term of the loan and it's
interest rate The program will print to screen and or to your printer and will
give you 1— a running total of principal still to be paid 2— The amount of the
monthly payment applied to principal 3— The amount of the monthly payment
applied to interest 4-The total monthly payment 5-The total amount paid into
principal to date 6— The total amount paid into interest to date 7-The total r
amount payed out to date
Requires 16K and Extended Basic $11.95
COLORHYTHM is a biorhythm program for your Color Computer It plots in
High-Resolution graphics (PMODE3) and color a 15 day biorhythm chart
displaying your Intellectual. Emotional & Physical biorhythms Reviewed in
August 1982 Rainbow
Requires 16K & Extended Basic $9.95
★ * * EDUCATIONAL * * *
MATCH & SPELL combines a game similar to the familiar TV game of CON-
CENTRATION and a spelling drill to provide a truely unique and fun program
You may load a spelling list (up to 32 words of up to 11 letters each) from
tape or keyboard The program then allows you to study th#4ist formas long
as you like After that the game begins One of your words is presented
to you either correctly or misspelled with a common spelling error You are
asked if it is spelled right. Then the correctly spelled word is displayed for
a brief time and you are then asked to spell the word The CONCENTRATION
type game is played by one or two players during the spelling drill
A lot of fun for 16K and Extended Basic $11.95
PRESCHOOL PAK consists of two programs for preschooler learning fun
ALPHABET drills the child in alphabet recognition and rewards a correct
answer COUNTER drill the child in counting to 10 Both use Hi-Resolution
graphics and sound Reviewed in September 1982 Rainbow S8.95
MATHWAR is an educational game In the game the player must jump one
space-fighter over another checkers style, until only one fighter remains
Each time a move is selected the program will not complete the move until
a math problem is answered correctly' The player selects addition of subtrac-
tion and one of four difficulty levels Level 1 is problems with numbers up to
19 but no carrying or borrowing is required. Level 2 is the same as Level 1
but numbers up to 99 are allowed Level 3 uses numbers up to 19 but allows
carrying and borrowing problems Level 4 is the same as Level 3 with numbers
up to 99 No negative responses to wrong answers and the math score is
displayed at the end of the game
Requires 16K and Extended Basic $11.95
We pay postage on all orders
V7S4*
r- i
46 GET ( 170, 12) — ( 190, 28) , N, G
47 PMODE 1,1: PCLS : SP=9 : L V=4 : GOSUB
48: GOTO50
48 i=40:J=40:zz=8: oo=6 : K=40 : m=40
: a=4 : b=3 : PMODE0 , 3 : pcls : pmode l , 2 :
C0LQR2, l: LINE (2, 100) -(252, 186) ,P
SET, B: LINE (0,98) -(256, 188) ,PSET,
B:LINE(30, 120) - (256, 122) ,PSET,B
49 LINE (0, 142) — (226, 144) , PSET , B:
LINE (30, 164) — (256, 166) ,PSET,B*.LI
NE (228, 98) -(250, 100) , PRESET, B: RE
TURN
50 PMODE 1,1: PCLS : SCREEN0 , 0 : DRAW "
S16BM0, 32; C4E4L3E4R3G3R3G5NL3BR2
E5R2F2E2R2G5L2H2G2L2BR 1 0E5R3D5L2
UBUL2ERDBDL36L2BR 1 0U5R3D5L3BR5U5
R2D3RF2NL5BRBU5RDBD4BR3E2L3E3R3G
2R3G3L3"
5 1 FOR I U= 1 T06 : RE ADP A : PA I NT ( PA , 26
) ,4,4:NEXTIU
52 DATA10, 50, 88, 106, 130, 170
53 DRAW " BM28 , 66C3L2H3BUU2RD2LBDD
3L2U7R4FD2GF3BRU7R4DL2D2RDLD2R2D
NL4BR4H3U4R2D3FREU3R2D4G3NLBR4U7
R4DL2D2RDLD2R2DNL4BR8L2H3D3L2U7R
2F3U3R2D7BR7L4H2U3E2R3FD2L2UL2D3
FRULURR3DLD2BR2U7R4DL2D2RDLD2R2D
L4 “
54 F0RFL=1T07:READ KL: PAINT (KL, 4
6) ,3,3: NEXTFL
55 DATA6, 38, 58, 90, 110, 142, 172
56 PUT (212, 16) -(236, 28) , Z, PSET
57 LINE (208, 38) -(236, 48) , PSET, B:
GOSUB 1 19: GOTO60
58 p=i-2:q=j:s=k+2:t=m: i=V(A) : J=
O(B): K=I+20: M=j+16: COLOR1 , 1
59 PM0DE1,2:PUT(I, J)-(K,M) ,N,PSE
T: PC0PY3T02: LINE ( I , J ) - (K, M) , PRES
ET,BF:LINE(V(SP) ,0(LV) )-(V(SP)+2
4, O(LV) +12) , PRESET, BF: RETURN
60 PMODE 1,1: SCREEN 1,0: QR=RND (TIM
ER) : RV=RND ( 10) : I FR V >3THEN62
61 LINE(212, 42)-(232, 44) , PRESET,
B:RG=0:GOTO63
62 L I NE (212, 42 ) — ( 232 , 44 ) , PSET , B :
RG=1
63 PMODE 1,2: QR=RND (10): ONQR GOTO
64, 67, 70, 73,67, 67, 67, 73, 73, 73
64 B=B- 1 : I FB< 1 THEN66
65 G0SUB58 : PUT (I,J)— (K,M) ,U, PSET
: G0T076
66 B= 1 : E=RND ( 2 ) : I FE= 1 THEN67ELSE7
3
67 A=A+1 : IFA>9THEN69
68 G0SUB58:PUT(I, J)-(K,M) ,R,PSET
: G0T076
69 A=9 : E=RND (2) : I FE= 1 THEN64ELSE7
0
142 the RAINBOW July 1983
70 B=B+1 : IFB>4THEN72
71 G0SUB58:PUT<I, J)-(K,M) ,D,PSET
: G0T076
72 B=4 : E=RND ( 2 ) : I FE= 1 THEN67ELSE7
3
73 A=A-1 : IFA< 1THEN75
74 G0SUB58:PUT<I, J)-<K,M) ,L,PSET
: G0T076
75 A=1 : E=RND (2) : I FE= 1 THEN64ELSE7
0
76 PLAY " L2550 1 C04CD " : I F SP=A AND
LV=B THEN77ELSE78
77 PM0DE1,2:LINE(V<SP> ,0<LV) )-<V
(SP) +24, 0 (LV) +12) , PRESET, BF: PUT (
I , J ) - <K, M) ,N, PSET: GOTO 108
78 JH=JOYSTK(0) : IFJH>32THEN90
79 SP=SP-1 : IFSPC 1THENSP=1
80 I FL V=4 ANDSP= 1 THEN83
81 I FL V=2ANDSP= 1 THEN83
82 G0T085
83 JV=JOYSTK < 1 ) : IFJVC 16THENLV=LV
-1
84 G0T089
85 I FL V=3ANDSP= 1 THEN 88
86 I FL V= 1 ANDSP= 1 THEN 88
87 GDT089
88 JV=JOYSTK < 1 ) I IFJV>46THENLV=LV
+ 1
89 PUT ( V ( SP ) , 0 ( LV ) ) — ( V ( SP ) +24 , 0 <
LV) +12) , W, PSET: GOTO101
90 SP=SP+l: IFSP>9THENSP=9
91 I FL V=3ANDSP=9THEN95
92 IFLV=1ANDSP=9THEN93ELSE97
93 PMODE 1,2: PUT ( V < 9 ) , 0 < L V ) ) — ( V ( 9
) +24, 0 (LV) +12) , Z,PSET:PC0PY3T02:
LINE (V (9) , 0 (LV) ) — ( V (9) +24, 0 (LV) +
12), PRESET , BF : PMODE 1,1: FORPC= 1 TO
5 : M2=M2+ 1 : GOSUB 119: SOUND200 , 1 : NE
XT
94 LV=4 : SP=9 : G0T097
95 JV=JOYSTK ( 1 ) : IFJV< 16THENLV=LV
Genesis Software
presents
Color Computer Programs
.\>>-
* Secret Of The Crypt ^
The BIG adventure continues. The sequel
to the popular “Enchanted Forest " is here!
You'll move in more than 50 hi-res, 3-D
graphic scenes searching for clues in an
attempt to enter the crypt. But beware, the
trail to the crypt is beset with puzzlements.
In fact, the crypt’s secret will remain a
mystery to all but the most adventuresome.
Bequires 32K extended basic.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $21.95
+ Bigfoot
Hunt Bigfoot in a hidden maze of caverns
and twisting tunnels that arc displayed in
hi-res graphics as you move. Seek out the
lair of Bigfoot while avoiding perils along
the way. Features multiple levels and many
options of play. Each hunt takes place in a
new, randomly generated maze. Challeng-
ing and fun. Bequires 32K extended basic.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $21.95
it The Enchanted Forest
The BIG adventure in hi-res graphics.
Move through more than 50 scenes on a
quest to rescue the captive princess. Deci-
sions are made according to visual clues,
not text. There are many inhabitants in the
Enchanted Forest — some are friendly,
some are not. This is a sophisticated com-
puter adventure — a real challenge. A
must for your adventure library. Bequires
32K extended basic.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $21 . 95
(The Enchanted Forest was reviewed in the Dec. 1982
issue of Fain bow).
it The Game Show
Now a lively party game where two teams
compete against the clock to name several
items in a category. Includes 60 rounds
with color graphics and sound. Machine
language routine for fast response. Re-
quires 16K extended basic and joysticks.
Tape cassette (postage paid) $19.95
(The Game Show was reviewed in the Jan. 19S3 issue
of Rainbow).
Genesis Software
P.O. Box 936, Manchester, Mo. 63011
Personal checks welcome - no delay.
Missouri residents add 5.625 percent sales tax.
July 1983
the RAINBOW 143
-1
9 6 GOTO 100
97 IFLV=2ANDSP=9THEN99
98 GOTO 100
99 JV=JOYSTK ( 1 ) : I F J V >46THENL V=L V
+ 1
100 PUT ( V < SP ) , 0 ( L V ) ) — ( V ( SP ) +24 , 0
( L V )+12),Z, PSET
101 IF SP=A AND LV=B THEN 1 08ELSE
PCOP Y3T02 : PMODE 1,1: SCREEN 1,0: PMO
DE1,2:LINE(I,J)-(K,M) , PRESET , BF
102 IF PEEK ( 339 )=255THEN60
103 IF RG=0THEN60
104 IF LVOB THEN60
105 PMODE 1 , 1 : L I NE ( V ( SP ) + 1 2 , 0 ( L V )
+6)— (1+10, J+6) ,PSET
106 GOTOl 15
107 GOTO60
108 L I NE ( V ( SP ) , 0 ( LV ) > — ( V ( SP > +24 ,
0 ( L V ) + 1 2 ) , PRESET , BF : FOREM= 1 T05 : P
UT ( I , J ) - (K, M) , N, PSET: PLAYEX* : PCO
PY3T02: PUT ( I , J ) - (K, M) , D, PSET: PLA
YEXS109 PCOPY3T02:NEXTEM:PMODE1,
1 : SCREEN 1 , 1 : PMODE 1 , 2: LINE ( I , J ) - (
K, M) , PRESET, BF: LINE (V (SP) , 0 (LV) )
- (V(SP) +24, O(LV) +12) , PRESET, BF:P
MODE1 , 1 : SCREEN 1 , 1 : SCREEN 1 , 0: SP=9
:LV=4
110 MS=MS+ 1 : PUT ( MS*24-24 , 74 ) - ( MS
*24-4 , 90 ) , R , PRESET : I FMS= >8THEN 1 1
2
111 GOTO60
112 fori=itoi 000 :next
113 X*=INKEY$: IFX$= m,, THEN113
114 RUN
115 PM0DEl,2:PUT(I-4, J-3)-(K+4,M
+5) , AE, OR: PC0PY3T02: PLAYEXS+EX*
116 PUT ( I -6 , J —5 ) — ( K+8 , M+7 ) , BE , OR
: PC0PY3T02: PLAYEX$+EX*
117 PUT ( I— 10, J— 7) — (K+10, M+9) , CE,
OR: PC0PY3T02: PLAYEX*+EX$
118 M2=M2+l:G0SUBU9:G0SUB48:G0T
060
119 IFM2>9THENM3=M3+l:M2=0
1 20 I FM3 >9THENM4=M4+ 1 : M3=0
121 I FM4 >9THENM5=M5+ 1 : M4=0
122 I FM5= > 1 0THENM5=0
1 23 PMODE 1 , 1 : DR AW " C4S8BM 188,64"+
Q*+Z$ (M5) +Q$: DRAWZ* (M4) +Q*+Z* (M3
) +Q$: DRAWZ* (M2) +QS+Z* (Ml ) : RETURN
124 'SNAIL’S REVENGE BY F.SCERBO
&D. HAGGERTY, (C) 1983, I MB, P.O.BOX
289 , W I LL I AMSTOWM , MA , 0 1 267
NEW KODOMO-NO-GO
Get 5 in a row before your opponent. 19x19 playing
matrix. This is the favorite relaxation game for Japanese Go
players. Two-player version and 4 computer skill levels for
one player: also Tic-Tac-Toe on the same tape.
$19.95 32K Ext. Basic cassette only.
$14.95 1 6K Ext. Basic. Three skill levels plus Tic-Tac-Toe.
$ 8.95 1 6K Ext. Basic Tic-Tac-Toe only.
ALSO CO-EXISTENCE
Successfully develop your country in a resource-limited
world. Form a world government, sign treaties, go to war:
anything goes. This is a two - to six - player game which
combines computer and board play (board and pieces
provided).
$24.95 1 6K Ext. Basic cassette only.
AND 5 EXCITING GAMES
Be a Cosmic Trash Collector, fight a mighty space battle, or
surround your opponent in Trap’em — all this and more on
one tape. The RAINBOW says, “Great fare for the family
with young children.”
$15.95 1 6K Ext. Basic cassette.
J
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P. 0. Box VO 1 6
Cherry Hill, NJ 0803V
COLOR TERM + PLUS +
An Intelligent Terminal Program For The Color
Computer or TDP 100.
Features: AAl j ,
BAUD RATE - 110 to 19200 \J\VyU4v
Half or Full Duplex
One or two Stop Bits
Odd, Even or No Parity 0/ ^
Word WRAP •0^-
Turn off Lowercase Letters A VrC
Send All Control Characters F
Print Buffer ' '
Examine Buffer
Send & Receive BASIC or Machine Language Programs
or Files.
Editor allows entry of text into Buffer as well as
Editing of Buffer.
(Disk Version Has more powerful Editor)
Special Feature:
Code & Decode ANYTHING in the Buffer for Secure
Transmission or Storage Using a User defined key word
PRICE $29.95 (Tape) $39.95 (Disk) 16k or 32k Req.
COLOR KEY COMMAND
Looking for a powerful programmer's aid, but you don't
have a fortune to spend? This program is for you! Look
at these features: two keystroke entry of more than 80
Basic, Extend Basic, and Disk Basic commands. Select
the color of your cursor. Select the prompt you want —
no more "OK” when a program bombs! Automatic line
numbering — you select the start line and increment! 4
custom programmable keys for a total of 64 characters
each — enter whole lines with two key presses! Copy
any line with the copy command. Merge tape programs
together automatically. Redefine any or all keys with a
short basic program we supply. How can you get all this
and more for so little? Because you make the keyboard
overlay! We give you a template with all commands
printed on it — you cut it out and use it. That is all there
is to it! Note: Not all features are available on every
machine; some require Extended or Disk Basic to work
properly. 16K or 32K Req. PRICE $18.95 (tape)" D
m
UNDERGROUND
Tired of playing adventure games that have a limited
vocabulary? Underground gives a detailed description
of your surroundings, just like a main-frame adventure!
There are over 90 separate rooms, passageways, etc.
Discover what the mysterious machine does, what lies in
the Egyptian sarcophagus, how do you tame the guard-
ian of Hell's Gate, where is the fabled golden apple?
Everything is up to you. You give the orders, you are the
hero. This adventure is not for the faint of heart! You
can suspend your game at any time and continue later.
Takes from 5 to 20 hours to play.
32K ext. BASIC Req. PRICE $26.95 Disk only
TAPENAME
Tapename searches lain- anil stores tlu* name of any
program or file You ran print the information to the
screen, printer or ta|H*. Also checks for load errors.
4k. llik, or :12k Ken. or Ext. BASIC.
PRICK 17.95 (tape)' D
COLOR DISK SAVER
Saves a disk to ta|»c. Unloads disk from saved tape. Also
has ta|H‘ verify command! :12k Ext. BASIC Uei|.
PRICK 112.95 (tape)** I)
GALACTIC MATH
Load this game into your computer and start playing!
This is a math tutor that is really an arcade game! Keep
those saucers from landing! There are no “happy faces"
or "funny clowns” in this math program. This is a multi-
level addition and multiplication quiz. You select the dif-
ficulty level. This program uses high resolution color
graphics and shows the score, elapsed time, number of
hits, number of misses and number of "bases” left to the
player. Adults may start this game, but the kids will
finish it! This program has been teacher and kid tested.
Realistic explosions and laser fire sounds make this pro-
gram a winner! This program rates an A + . For grades 1
and up. 16Kor 32 Ext BASIC Req. PRICE $15.95(tape)D
p UHi CLONE ATTACK
Blast those nasties as they appear! 3 skill levels and 9
levels of difficulty. Uses* high res color graphics.
ianic of any Joysticks required. 1 6k or 32k Ext. BASIC only,
at ion to l he PRICE S 15.95 (tape) (Disk 32k only)
il errors. _ — —
Fasti moon base invasion
Nuclear Inunhs are nearing your cities! Can you stop
them Itefore they reach you? High res graphics.
>d tape. Also 16k or 32k Ext. BASIC Req.
Req. PRICE S 12.95 (tape) D
COLOR DOCTOR
Discuss your problems with your computer. Color Doc-
tor will discuss your problems with you. This is a great
party program! Your friends will not believe that your
computer is talking Imrk tu them! Is it intelligent? It sure
seems like it!
1GK ext. BASIC Keq. PRICE *15.95 (tape) 1)
Use your MODEM for something other
than a dust catcher— play games!
Two tapes and two sets of instructions are includ-
ed with each MODEM game.
MODEM CHESS Use your Modem and your Color Com-
puter to play chess oner the phone! Has high res color
graphics l>oard and pieces. Make your move, select a
message to send, press a button— seconds later your op-
ponent's board is updated automatically. Has audio
alerts, let’s you know when a move is being made.
16k or 32k Ext. BASIC Req.
PRICE *39.95 (tape)** D
MODEM CHECKERS Play checkers over the phone! Pro-
gram allows up to 4 jumps to be made at a time, crown
pieces, etc. 16k or 32k Ext. BASIC Req.
PRICE *39.95 (tape)'* D
MODEM IAGO Play our version of Othello over the
phone! Make your move, press a key, your opponent's
board is updated seconds later! Has a takehack key if
you decide you don't like the move you made. 16k or
32k Ext. BASIC Req.
PRICE *39.95 (tape)** D
CURSOR II
I lat «• that blinking cursor? Tired of seeing the computer
print "OK" after your program just laimhed? Cursor 11
changes the cursor to a solid, non-flashing red. Enter
any message up to 200 characters in length. Your
message will be displayed instead of "OK"
4k. 16k. or :12k Reg. or Ext. BASIC.
PRICE *4.95 (tape)*
SUPER PEEKER
This is a BASIC program that will allow the user to ex-
plore the inside of the color computer. Explore the
I Missibi lilies with Super Peeker.
Kik or 32k Ext. BASIC Req.
PRICE *9.95 (ta|»e)**
COLOR BIORHYTHM Are you up or down today,
tomorrow, or years from now? Find out with COLOR
BIORHYTHM. Uses high res graphics. Send the chart to
printer. 16k or 32k Ext BASIC Keq.
PRICE *14.95 (tape) D
DD CLOCK Don't forget what time it is when you are
programming. The time is displayed in the upper right
corner of your screen. Shows hours, minutes and
seconds. Beeps every hour.
4k. Kik. or :12k. (Ext. BASIC not required.)
PRICE *9.95 (tape)* D
AUTO LOAD Auto latad will put any program or file
from tape to disk! All machine language programs that
load lielow the top of your disk system are modified so
that they will operale pro|>erly with a disk system!
Kik or :12k Ext. BASIC Req
PRICE *12.95 (lain*)*
COLOR IAGO
Based on popular Othello game. Match wits with your
computer! Uses high res color graphics. 5 levels of dif-
ficulty. Joysticks required. 16k or 32 Ext. BASIC.
PRICE *15.95 (tape) D
COLOR COMPUTER/TDP-100
SUPER- PRO
REPLACEMENT KEYBOARD KIT
S@¥@IJ - 95
• All machine code D Disk Compatible
•* BASIC with machine code subroutines
Specify Disk when ordering and add $5.00 per program.
Save money and ask that all ordered programs be loaded
on one disk. You pay only for the one disk! Please add
*2.00 shipping and handling on all orders. No extra
charge on COD orders, Mastercard and VISA accepted.
Allow two weeks for personal checks. Your order will
usually be ship|>ed within two or three days. We will
notify you of any problems within one week. Send 20
cent stamp for free catalog.
DOUBLE DENSITY SOFTWARE
920 Baldwin Street
Denton, Texas 76201 W$t i
y) Phone 817/566-2004.
Celebrating Our 2nd
‘Record’ Year
Happy Birthday to all 50,000 of us! And what better way to
celebrate the beginning of our third year than with a present?
We thought about including two candles and a cupcake, but
decided against it when it was pointed out that the grooves on
the soundsheet would probably get all gummy with icing.
Anyway, we wanted some means by which we could share our
excitement and express our appreciation to our readers at the
same time. After all, over the entire two year existence of the
Rainbow , each month has been a new record of growth in size
and quality for us, thanks to you!
After a bit of late-night brainstorming, we decided on binding
a soundsheet of programs into our 2nd Anniversary issue — if it
would work, that is. We ordered a prototype, and received a
half-dozen sheets just as they would come from a full pressing
run. After trying them out on several home systems by both
methods listed here and finding that they all loaded, we were
satisfied.
Well, then, there it was. And here it is. Happy Birthday, good
friends. We hope you enjoy the party favor. And we hope you
enjoy each coming month of the Rainbow as we grow toward all
the anniversaries to come.
The Staff
There are three programs on our sound-
sheet. Please note that these are not meant as
“stand alones," but are meant to be used
after reading the article and any special
instructions in the article on how to load and
use the program. For instance. Memory
(page 202) requires a PCLEAR I prior to
loading into I6K. machines.
Programs
Shuffle , page 196
Memory , page 202
Home Budget Analysis, page 60.
Instructions for loading record
Important: Carefully remove soundsheet
with the aid of a razor blade or other sharp
instrument so as not to warp. Also, before
loading Memory , page 202, be sure to
PCLEAR I if you have I6K.
Method 1 — Integrated stereo system with
146 the RAINBOW July 1983
built-in cassette tape deck.
Step I — Insert blank tape in the
cassette deck and put the re-
cord on the turntable. If the
record slips on the turntable
use a coin as indicated on the
record label.
Step 2 — Record all three programs on
the record on the blank cassette
tape.
Step 3 — Remove the cassette and
insert it into your CTR-80 cas-
sette recorder.
Step 4 — Type “CLOAD" on your
CoCo and RUN.
Method 2 — Stereo system with turntable
only.
Step 1 — Make a patch cord to go from
your stereo headphone jack to
the AUX input on your CTR-
80 using a 6' Extension Cord-
Miniature Phone Plug (R.S.
#42-2420)and a Plug Adap-
ter (R.S. #274-046 or R.S.
#274-305). No soldering will be
required. (The R.S. #42-2157
Mini Phone Plug to Stereo
Phone Plug will also work.)
Step 2 — Record the record on your
CTR-80.
Step 3 — Load the tape into your CoCo
using “CLOAD" and then
RUN.
Comments
1) Do not try to input data directly from
your stereo system. This could possibly
damage your computer.
2) If precise recording levels can be obtained,
the recording level should be lOdBM.
3) Once the program is loaded into the com-
puter, save the data to another tape using
CSAVE “name of program” for future use.
Shuffle MP3 hear it!
A SAMPLING
OF PROGRAMS FROM
THE JULY 1983 ANNIVERSARY ISSUE OF
RAINBOW
FOR USE WITH THE RADIO SHACK TRS-80®
COLOR COMPUTER.
MONAURAL g
O.
(Refer to magazine articles for full program descrip-
tion. Transfer to cassette for loading.) '
PROGRAMS:
(BY FILE NAME)
L 1. SHUFFLE j
2. MEMORY ,v/
„ 3. HOMEBDGT .<f.yy
RAINBOW MAGAZINE
2nd ANNIVERSARY ISSUE
JULY 1983
THE STEREO COMPOSER
THE VOICE
The STEREO COMPOSER music synthesizer was developed for the true music
lover All the features available for the COMPOSER described below are also
available for the STEREO COMPOSER However, instead of using the single 6 bit
digital to analog converter built into the computer and the speaker built into your
TV. the STEREO COMPOSER uses two 8 bit digital to analog converters which
drive two audio power amplifiers. These amplifiers supply enough audio power
to easily drive your own external speakers If you like, the output may be con-
nected to your home stereo system to further increase fidelity Connection is
provided by two phono connectors. If the music is too loud, two built-in volume
controls are provided to allow you to control the volume of each of the channels
separately. The advantage of being able to use external high quality speakers is
obvious. The use of higher quality digital to analog converters serves to further
increase music fidelity.
The STEREO COMPOSER produces music in stereo. Of the4 voices produced. 2
are directed to each channel This ability alone increases the realism of the
music. You can even move the voices between speakers as the music plays
The STEREO COMPOSER comes assembled, tested burned in, with all the
software and hardware to allow you to immediately start enjoying your music A
complete manual and examples are provided to give you everything you need to
know
The STEREO COMPOSER is completely memory decoded so it does not conflict
with the Radio Shack disk controller. In this way. disk owners with an expansion
interface such as the BT- 1 000 by Basic Technology can produce music from disk
with the STEREO COMPOSER in one slot and the disk controller in another In
fact, you can even have THE VOICE in another slot without any fears that there
will be memory conflicts.
Requires Extended BASIC and Minimum of 16K
Specify Cassette or Disk
STEREO COMPOSER (Hardware and Software) S1 1 9.95
THE COMPOSER
The COMPOSER is a 4 voice music compiler which easily allows one to develop
high quality music. Each voice is programmed separately In addition, each
voice uses its own waveshape table which meansa unique sound foreach of the
4 voices
The COMPOSER features a7 octave range It supportsdotted and doubledotted
notes as well as eighth, quarter, and standard triplet notes Sixteenth and thirty
second notes are also supported
The COMPOSER allows the music to be played at any tempo and in any key. And
believe it or not. the tempo and key can be modified as the music plays This
gives the user tremendous versatility in developing music Key modification also
allows the user to move the music up or down one or more octaves
The COMPOSER displays a constantly changing random kaleidoscope pattern
as the music plays. In addition, the number of the note being played is displayed
which aids one in finding sour notes during music development Both of these
displays can be disabled to allow any screen to be displayed while the music is
playing. In this way, one can show the words to a song or display a picture as the
music plays.
The COMPOSER develops a machine language position independent sub-
routine that can be Saved. Loaded, and Executed independent of all other
software. This means that you can share your music with friends. In fact, you can
write your own BASIC programs that call and play the music. Software vendors
may include the music in their own product.
The COMPOSER is menu driven making it extremely easy and friendly to use and
operate A thick operating manual is also provided. Many examples are given to
aid the user in getting started. All you need is provided, no additional hardware is
necessary. Don't let the price fool you. the COMPOSER has got to be heard to be
appreciated.
Requires Extended BASIC and Minimum of 16K
CASSETTE VERSION $24.95
DISK VERSION (32K) $29 95
SPEECH SYSTEMS got its start providing high quality speech synthesizers for
SS-50 bus computers We are now proud to announce the same high quality
product for the Color Computer and TDP-100
THE VOICE should not be mistaken with software speech synthesizers which
require the computer to do all the work in producing speech
THE VOICE uses a special large scale integrated circuit, the SC-01 by VOTRAX,
to reproduce any one of 64 phonemes at 4 inflections Phonemes are basic units
of speech which allow one to reproduce any word in English as well as many
other languages
THE VOICE has two outputs. Speech may be heard through the user's TV
speaker, or the built-in audio power amplifier may be connected to your own
external speaker A phono connector is provided for this purpose and if the
volume is too high, a built-in volume control may be used to adjust it to the
proper level
THE VOICE comes assembled, tested, burned in. with all the necessary
hardware and software A complete manual with many examples are provided to
get you started in developing your own BASIC or machine language programs to
use speech
THE VOICE is completely memory decoded so it does not conflict with the Radio
Shack disk controller In this way. disk owners with an expansion interface such
as the BT-1000 by Basic Technology can produce speech from disk with THE
VOICE m one slot and the disk controller in another In fact, you can even have
the STEREO COMPOSER in another slot without any fears that there will be
memory conflicts
We are trying to develop a library of software for THE VOICE Toward this end. we
will be offering substantial royalties to software authors for their work
Requires Extended BASIC and Minimum of 16K
Specify Cassette or Disk
THE VOICE (Hardware and Software) $179 95
HOW TO ORDER
We accept CASH. CHECK. COD. VISA, and MASTER CARD orders.
Shipping and handling for all products in the
continental US and Canada
Shipping and handling for all products outside the
continental US and Canada $5.00
COD charge (requires cash, certified check, or
money order) $2.00
Illinois residents purchasing the STEREO COMPOSER or THE VOICE please add
5Va% sales tax.
Dealer Inquiries Invited
SPECIALISTS IN SYNTHESIZERS
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER AND TDP-100.
Spe ech ^Sifdternd
38W255 DEERPATH ROAD
BATAVIA, ILLINOIS 60510 ^
(312) 879-6880
CALL ANY DAY. ANYTIME TO ORDER. YOU MAY ALSO ORDER BY MAIL.
r
- - !
BASIC TRAINING
4K
1 RAINBOW 1
m
-hi zA-
Learning Through
Program Dissection
By Joseph Kolar
Rainbow Contributing Editor
Y ou’ve come a long way! It is time to introduce you to
program analysis.
There comes a time, which you may have reached, when
things begin to fall into place. You know the rudiments of
BASIC and have spent a lot of time at the keyboard. You are
beginning to get the feel of computing. It is all starting to
make sense. But, not quite!
There are some things that remain hazy. Things you don’t
grasp. Y ou understand the program “in toto,” but not every
line. In fact, a few lines may not ring a bell at all.
Dredge up the 3CRAPS program listing from our June
installment. It will be used as the example to demonstrate
one way to analyze a program. This will be a learning
experience, and in a sense you will become an author.
PEACOCK ENTERPRISES
WE’RE PROUD
CMAILIST IS A GREAT ADVENTURE -
BUT NOT AN ADVENTURE GAME!
An Address Book, Phone Book, Mail Label Generator
and a whole lot more.
CMAILIST is a powerful and professional MINI-DATA-BASE
for home or office use. CREATE, ADD, DELETE, CHANGE,
INSPECT, SEARCH, SORT, MAILING LABELS, TICKER FILE,
and INVOICE all so easily, you’ll wonder why you waited so long!
Up to 500 RECORDS containing 10 FIELDS can be stored per file
(memory and system dependent).
CMAILIST is available in the following versions:
4.0 Cassette Systems (specify 16K or 32K) $19.95
5.0 Disk Systems $24.95
5.1 2 Drive Disk Systems with INVOICing $29.95
CMAILIST includes an easy to follow Comprehensive Manual
& 1 year warranty.
SO JOIN THE GREATEST ADVENTURE OF ALL-YOU WILL BE A
WINNER!
C.ITOH ProWriters $4Si Parallel $565 serial
3
SEND FOR FREE CATALOG!
Prices Include Shipping! COD Accepted on Software only!
Send check or money orders to:
PEACOCK ENT.
194 CANNONGATE 111 ROAD
NASHUA, NH 03063
603-880-8169 Mon-Sat 10-10
A notebook, similar to the reference notebooks you
created, will be used. Do not number the pages. Using a
black, felt-tipped pen, on a well-centered, gummed label,
print “program analysis.” On the inside cover, about two
inches from the top, draw about five horizontal lines. Print
“contents” neatly, above the top line. Between the two top
lines you drew, print neatly, “3CR APS,” or some title that is
meaningful to you.
On the top line of the first page, print in red ink, “analysis
of 3CRAPS.” Skip a line. In black ink, print in paragraph
form, a summary of the program. Use your own words and
add anything you discover as you analyze the program.
An example: “This is an attempt to analyze, by dissecting
line by line, a home-made 3 crap dice game taken from the
Rainbow, June 1983.”
Remember, when you analyze a program, no permanent
modifications, revisions or improvements are made. This is
a no-no!
CLOAD and RUN the program. Look it over carefully
and compare it with your listing. Then, LIST it in incre-
ments, (list-100; list 100-200) and try to figure out the pur-
pose of each line. Keep your program in memory. You may
want to run the program or just a part of it to verify how a
line reads and what it does.
Note; You can run a program from a selected point by
“ RUN 130-” to begin at line 130. Try it and see what
happens. RUN 140- to RUN 170-. Notice the different
results you get. Some lines may give a UL error. Try to figure
out why.
Good starting or insertion points are at CLS, PRINT or
REM lines. They will carry the program forward to a logical
stop, INPUT or press ENTER, awaiting some information
necessary to continue. If none is demanded, the program
will run to the end. These are good entry points to check out
certain parts of a program.
Suppose you wanted to check out line 220 in action. Line
220 states that if the total of the three dice is four you will
GOTOWne 570, which, after a short pause, will tell you on a
blue background the bad news that you lost. You might have
to wait all day for a four to be cast. One way to overcome this
would be to inject the desired result, “4,” by changing lines:
1 40 B= 1 ; 1 50 A= I ; 1 60 C=2. Another way: change line 1 70
R=4 which ignores the results of lines 140-160. There are
other ways to achieve the desired result. Can you work out
(Joseph Kolar is a free-lance writer and programmer
dedicated to proselytizing for computers in general,
and the Co Co specifically .)
148 the RAINBOW July 1983
“WANNA FIND OUT
WHAT FUN REALLY IS?”
THE KIND OF EXCITEMENT YOU GET OUT OF YOUR SYSTEM DEPENDS ON
WHAT GAMES YOU PUT I NTO IT.
If You Want to Find Out What it’s Like to Use your Computer to its Fullest....Then These are the Games
You’ll Need! for yourtrs-so color computer
DunkeyfAunkey
32K EXTENDED BASIC NOT REQUIRED
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
ON THIS SCREEN:
Pop the Rivets and Fight Fires
We're sure you already know
the rules tothisgame! As game
progresses so does the diffi-
culty level
Cassette . $24 95
Diskette $29.95
ON THIS SCREEN:
Jump Barrels and Ride the Elevator
ULTRA FAST MACHINE LANGUAGE ■ HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS ■ SPECTACULAR SOUND EFFECTS
STRRFIRE
16K EXTENDED BASIC NOT REQUIRED
Plays like popular arcade game
Defender" including:
• Hyperspace
• Smart Bombs
• Radar Scanner
Cassette $21.95
Diskette $26.95
Give your Color Computer^
a New Image!
SCREEN - 64
*
RAINBOW
CERTIFICATION
SEAL
64 Characters X 32 Lines
Upper & LowerCase
I6K EXTENDED BASIC NOT REQUIRED
1. Load in SCREEN-64
2. Type EXEC
3. You’re Back in BASIC with a 64 x 32
Screen plus....
FEATURES:
• Slow/Fast Scroll Selectable
• Window Capabilities
• Text & Graphic on same screen
• Superscript/Subscript
• Reverse Screen/Reverse Video
• No Hardware Modification Needed
Cassette $1 9-95
Diskette $24.95
IntEllectranics
22 Churchill Lane
Smithtown, N.Y. 1 1787
(516) 543-6642
We pay all shipping. All orders shipped in
24 hours. N.Y. residents please add sales
tax. Canadian orders please send M.O. in
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED U.S. funds only.
any? Of course, you must restore the original line or you will
be “4’ed” to death.
If you have Extended Color BASIC, you can TRON your
way through a program. We shall assume that you have
Color BASIC only.
By now, you are hopelessly addicted to the 80C. If you
have 4K, Color BASIC, I strongly urge you to have your
machine upgraded to include Extended Color BASIC and
16K, in that order. You are going to do it anyway. You will
be glad you did!
Back to the drawing board. After your introductory
notes, skip a line. In black ink, print “10” to the left of the
red, vertical line. To the right of this line, print in black ink
the actual listing of line 10, up to the color (:), which separ-
ates multiple statements massed in one line. On the next line,
indent about an inch and in red ink, using your own words,
print an explanation of the meaning of that segment of the
line: “blank out the screen.” In black ink, on the next line,
lined up with the black listing, print “:PRINT.” Indent an
inch on the next line and in red, print “skip a line.”
Next line: write 20 to the left of the red, vertical line. Print
the following: print “rules” to the right. Count the spaces
between (“”) and (R) and write the number, enclosed in a
circle in the space. (Sometimes, it is easier to count them
from the screen than the line listing.) On the next line, indent
and in red, print: the word “rules” is centered on the screen.
Do you know another way to achieve the same result? If you
do, in pencil write any alternate way you have discovered to
get exactly the same result. Try it out to be certain by
OELRICH PUBLICATIONS
BRINGS YOU
GREAT SOFTWARE VALUES
1. ) ZAXXON (by Datasoft) The official version from
SEGA. Great graphics and sound! Maneuver
your way through enemy planes and anti-air-
craft fire to meet your date with the deadly robot
ZAXXON! 32K cassette $35.95
2. ) MOONSHUTTLE (by Datasoft) Watch your
screen explode with life threatening man-o-
wars, meteors, bomb launchers and more! The
Prince of Darkness is the enemy, so this one will
take your best effort. 16K cassette $31.00
3. ) 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe (by J. Makowski) It’s human vs.
computer in this all machine language version
of a classic. Great graphics and a very strong
playing program make this a bargain.
16K cassette $16.95
4. ) FROG TREK (by R. Oelrich) Use the keyboard ar-
rows to guide your frog through rush hour traffic
and across the river. All machine language code
for fast play. 16K cassette $14.95
All prices include shipping so you save!
TO ORDER SEND CHECK OR M/O TO:
OELRICH PUBLICATIONS
4040 NASHVILLE
CHICAGO IL 60634
OR CALL TOLL FREE: 800-621-0105
(in Illinois call 312-545-9286)
VISA AND MASTERCARD ACCEPTED
replacing line 20 in the listing and RUN it. Restore the
original line.
Follow the same format throughout, systematically pro-
gressing from one line number to the next. Do not skip a line
number. If you are uncertain of the meaning of a line, leave
adequate space to put in your explanation at a later time.
List multiple entries, separated by a (:) separately. The
exception would be an obvious case such as line 30 PRINT:
PRINT.PRINT. Put the entry on one line in black; indent
on next line and in red print “skip three lines.”
“ There comes a time, which you may have
reached, when things begin to fall into place.
You know the rudiments of BASIC and have
spent a lot of time at the keyboard. You are
beginning to get the feel of computing. It is all
starting to make sense. But, not quite!"
Drop down to line 180. It would be listed, in its turn, as
described above. An explanation could be “print the results
of the cast of the ‘A’ die at screen location 200. Verify the
location by checking the print @ worksheet in the manual.”
If you know another way, add it in pencil. You could say:
“PRINT @ 32*6+8, A.”
Drop to line 480, which would be listed in its proper turn.
This line means that if you rolled a number, 2, that was not
equal to the number you were supposed to roll, R, or was not
a 10, then get set to make another cast. Notice how lines
480-500 give you all possible directions for any number that
might be cast.
Isn’t it interesting to puzzle out the significance of every
line? But, what happens when you get hung up? If you can’t
figure it out, try different strategms. For instance, RUN the
program from some entry point near the problem area.
Delete the line or lines that bug you. See what happens.
(Remember to replace the lines later.) Pass around the prob-
lem line with a GOTO or insert an (’) at the beginning of a
line to effectively bypass the line. Substitute other data.
Introduce temporary markers. (Insert an * at some point.)
There are lots of things you can try to isolate the problem.
RUN the program or part of the program, observing what
changes occur, and you will get many good clues to help you
solve the problem.
Finally, if all fails, leave a few lines blank for the explana-
tion. Continue, and return to it later. This will indicate your
weak areas and what you need to work on. Don’t be
obsessed with it. It may come to you later like a Hash out of
the blue.
Eventually, you will have the entire program psyched out.
Good for you! Getting it down on paper helps to jog your
memory.
At some time, you will come across an intriguing and
more complex program listing that you will want to dissect
and study. Save it for a project and when you want a change
of pace, get the old notebook out and chop it up.
After you do four to six analyses, you will discover that
you will begin to meaningfully read listings and give up
dissecting programs. That is as it should be. In the mean-
time, have fun!
150 the RAINBOW July 1983
PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COCO & TDP-100
PROGRAMS REQUIRE 16K EXTENDED BASIC FOR TAPE, AND 32K DISK UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
6 * .
w
Eight-bit Bartender:
This will light up your next party! Over 100 great drink
recipes are stored by the bartender and called up at your
command. Askforthem bydrinkname, main liquorused.or
class of drink (highball, cocktail, etc.). These were gathered
from the favorites and house specialties at famous pubs
and taverns across the US. It outputs to the screen, printer,
or both! At your next party let the guests browse through
the Bartender. Needs 32K. TAPE $1 9.95 — DISK $24.95
Flight
If you'd like to fly a plane then this is what you've been
waiting for. A really good graphics oriented flight simulator
in high resolution. Four difficulty levels let you go from
student level to a difficult instrument-only landing. In front
of you on the screen are your instruments, and above
them are two representations of your plane in relation to
the flight path (top and side views). At the higher levels all
you have to go by are the instruments. Can you put it down
on the runway to hear the synthesized voice from the
tower say “perfect landing”? It’s tough! You use your
joystick just like the control stick on a plane, and the action
is realistic indeed. This program was written by a pro-
fessional flyer— a pilot for a major United States aircarrier,
and the high standards of professionalism really show.
Just CLOADM and take to the skies!! Requires 32K
extended. TAPE is $1 9.95 — DISK is $24.95
The Fantasy Master’s Secretary
This program will be greatly appreciated by the many
people trying to run a fantasy game! It’s not easy to keep
track of hit points, charges in magic items, monsters, game
time, armor values, and a lot more, all while trying to
conduct a meelee and listen to 8 people talking at once. If
you everthought you needed a secretary, this is it! It keeps
track of all the above and more, and even has a help file in
case you forget how to use it. It also figures the experience
points of monsters while keeping an electronic eye on
value and weight of treasure found. You’ll truly wonder
how you got along without it!!! If you quit before the
campaign is completed, you can save the whole thing to
tape (or disk) and take up right where you left off next time
you play. At the beginning it will ask you whether or not the
players can see the screen, and set its displays up accord-
ingly. Remember, this isn’t a game — it’s an aid to use with
a fantasy game. $1 9.95 tape — $24.95 disk.
Phonics I
This classroom-tested program is the newest in our Phonics
series. Written by the same elementary school teacher, it
takes up where PREREAD I, II, & III leave off. Actually two
programs (on separate tapes), the TUTORIAL teaches all
22 of the consonant blends using on-screen graphics and
voice (controlled by the computer and played through the
TV speaker). The TEST program asks for the letters in
these blends (again using voice throught the speaker), and
checks the keyboard input for the correct answer. Again,
on screen graphics are used as an aid to learning, and
immediate feedback to the learner is given.
Phonics II
Similar to Phonics I in concept and execution, but Phonics
II teaches consonant digraphs. Again there are two pro-
grams (on different tapes) for the TUTORIAL and TEST
modes.
Both Phonics I and Phonics II are well documented, and are
sold separately on TAPES for $24.95 each. They are also
available as a package — only on DISK for $44.95.
A Partial List of Prickly-Pear Programs
Astrology, Gangbusters, Household Helper,
Fantasy Gamer's Package, Viking, Football,
Preread I, II & III, Mathpac I, Tarot, I Ching,
Numerology, The Great Word Game, The 80C
Songbook, Phonics I, Phonics 2, Flight, Las
Vegas Weekend, The 8-Bit Bartender, The
Fantasy Master’s Secretary, MonstersS Magic,
Topsy Turvy, Galactic Patrol, Blockade, Sea
Wars, Jungle, Spanish . . .
FOR DISK VERSIONS ON AMDEK CARTRIDGES, ADD $5.
Your Personal check is welcome - no delay. Include
$1.50 shipping for each program ordered. (Shipping free
on $50.00 or larger orders). Az. residents add 6% sales
tax. Orders shipped within two days.
Stocked by Quality Dealers, or
Send Order To: PRICKLY-PEAR SOFTWARE
9234 E. 30th Street
Tucson, Arizona 85710
(602) 886-1505
DISK
BASIC
■
the
a ~f ■
TUTORIAL
RAINBOW
r-V-
M ost people with disk systems use the DIRe ctory
command to list the names of files on their
diskette, but many may not have a good idea of
what the disk directory really is and other ways it may be
used. The disk directory is that information stored on the
diskette which tells Disk BASIC what files are there and
where those files are located. Disk BASIC needs this infor-
mation to use these files to store programs or data.
The total disk directory is composed of a file allocation
table and directory entries for each file. When you use the
DIR command, this information is combined to tell you the
name and size of each file. You can redirect this information
to your printer by POKEmg the printer’s device number
(254) into location 1 1 1 before requesting the directory list-
ing. POKE 1 1 1,254 :DIRI will print the directory fordrive 1 .
Disk BASIC divides the diskette into 35 tracks. You can
visualize these tracks as concentric circles. Each track is
sub-divided into 18 sectors. The designation of a track and
sector identifies a unique area of the disk which contains 256
bytes of information. The Disk BASIC file system groups
nine of these numerically adjacent sectors into a unit called a
Granule. There are two Granules per track. A Granule is the
smallest unit that will be allocated to a file. The use of this
Granule convention results in fewer disk areas for the file
system to manage. There is no reason that this value had to
be nine. Tandy could have decided to group six, or three, or
two sectors into an allocation unit, or even allocated indi-
vidual sectors. The use of a smaller allocation unit would
haver resulted in less disk data area being wasted, but more
disk space being required for directory information and
■ |i" 1 1 1, 'll •. i 1
( Mr Hefter is president of Custom Software Engineer-
ing of Cocoa Beach, Florida)
more overhead in the allocation process. The file system uses
track 17 for the directory information. This leaves 34 tracks
(68 Granules) available for files. The table below shows the
track/sector of the first sector of each Granule.
Gran -
ule It 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 0/1
0/10
>/>
1/ 10
2/1
2/ 10
3/1
3/10
4/1
4 / 10
10 5/ 1
5/ 10
6/ 1
6/ 10
7/1
7/10
8/1
8/ 10
9/1
9 , 10
20 10/ 1
10/ 10
ll/l
11/10
12/1
12/ 10
13/1
13/ 10
14/ 1
14/ 10
30 15/1
15 / 10
16/ 1
16/10
18 / 1
18/ 10
19/ 1
19/ 10
20/1
20/ 10
40 21/1
21/10
22/1
22/10
23/1
23/ 10
24/1
24/ 10
25/ 1
25/ 10
50 26/ 1
26/ 10
27/1
27/ 10 28/ 1
28 10
29/ 1
29/ 10
30/ 1
30/ 10
60 31/1
31/ 10
32/ 1
32/ 10
33 1
33 10
34 / 1
34/ 10
Tabulation Of Track/Sector For Each Granule
The file allocation table (which is really a Granule alloca-
tion table) is located in sector 2 of track 1 7. Only the first 68
bytes of this sector are used. Each byte corresponds to one
Granule on the disk. The first byte will give the status of
Granule 0. The 15th byte will be the status of Granule 14. If
the value of the byte is 255, it means that the corresponding
Granule is not in use. A byte value between 0 and 67 indi-
cates that the corresponding Granule is in use, and the byte
value is a pointer to the next Granule of the file. This means
that this Granule is not the last Granule of the file. A value
between 192 and 202 means that the corresponding Granule
is the last Granule of the file and tells how many of the 9
sectors in that Granule are part of the file. The file allocation
table does not provide enough information to tell where any
given file begins.
Sectors 3 through 1 1 of track 17 contain the actual names
of the files on the disk and other information including the
number of the first Granule of each file. This information is
referred to as the directory entry. The directory entry for
152 the RAINBOW July 1983
Skyline Software
PUBLISHERS OF QUALITY MICROCOMPUTER SOFTWARE
PAGE PLUS — Attention BASIC programmers! Here is the software you’ve been waiting for! Up to 56K available
from your BASIC programs. This utility, written by Chris Hawks, does the memory management necessary to utilize
the two 32K banks of memory. Easy enough for any ‘intermediate’ level BASIC programmer to use. Includes
documentation and demo programs to show you how to use PAGE PLUS to get the most out of your computer.
Works with 64K tape or disk systems.
Cassette $27.95 Disk $29.95
MDISK — Hal Snyder’s latest breakthrough for the 64K Color Computer! MDISK lets you use the upper 32K of
memory for rapid storage and retrieval of programs and data. Whether you own an actual disk drive or not, MDISK
puts the 'hidden' 32K to work for you as a 'virtual disk,’ with capability to save and load up to 15 programs, view a
directory of files stored in 'page 1', kill unwanted page 1 files, execute BASIC or machine language directly from
MDISK, chain to a BASIC program while preserving data already created, and more. These functions are available
not only under manual keyboard control, but from programs in progress as well, permitting high-speed swapping of
programs or data. Unlike many 64K utilities, MDISK doesn’t Copy BASIC to RAM. This greatly increases the amount
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work on disk or tape based 64K systems. Full documentation included.
Cassette $27.95 Disk $29.95
ROMBACK — Why pay more? The easiest to use ROM-pak dumping utility available! At the best price, too! Comes
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Cassette $16.95
QUICKSORT — A machine language sort routine specifically designed to be used by BASIC programmers. This
utility will speed up those programs where a BASIC sort is just too slow. Great for mailing lists and databases. Can
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Casette $12.95
64K BOOT/PAGER — Two ‘must have' utilities for the 64K Color Computer owner. The 64K Boot allows you to
modify BASIC by moving it from ROM to RAM. The PAGER is a menu-
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memory, copying BASIC or data from one page to the other. The ORDcRINu
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code and run on 64K tape or disk systems. ALL ITEMS SnlrrEU
Cassette $19.95 FROM STOCK
STRUCTURED MACROS — An assembly language programming tool for Phone orders
users of the Macro-80C assembler, by the Micro Works. Structured . | aced at:
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language. Your programs become more understandable and debugging is ( 312 ) 260-0929
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WIZARD’S TOMB, PART II — Takes up where Wizard’s Tomb left off. reouests for cataloas
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each file does not tell how many Granules long that file is.
This is why both the directory entry and the file allocation
table are required to produce the DIR listing. The directory
entry tells where the file begins. Counting the Granules as it
traces through the file allocation table until it finds the last
Granule tells how long it is. Figure 1 illustrates how this all
works.
Each directory entry uses 32 bytes even though only 16
bytes contain any useful information. The first 8 bytes are
the file name and the next 3 are the extension (BAS, DAT,
etc.). If the first byte of the file name is zero, it means that the
file has been killed. If the first byte of the name is a 255, it
means that entry and all following entries have not been
used — no need to look further. It is the 14th byte of each
entry which tells the number of the first Granule of that file.
The disk directory is not part of any file and may not be
OPENe d or read with the INPUT command. Disk BASIC
provides another command which will bypass the file system
and allow you to directly read any sector of the disk. This is
the DSKI$ command and uses as parameters the drive
number, track, sector, and two string variables — one to
receive the first 128 bytes of the sector and one for the last
128 bytes. (Remember that one string variable will not hold
more than 255 bytes).
Now we have enough background to put that disk direc-
tory to work for us. Listing 1 shows a program which may be
Figure 1
B»l* Hwr
I 14
Byte #
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
Granule #
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
used to get a different kind of directory listing. This program
will produce a map which shows which Granules are used
for each file and their order of use. This program checks the
first character of the file name for 255 (line 50) to find the
first unused entry ( no need to read further) and checks for a
zero (line 70) to see which files should be omitted from the
listing. Line 80 prints the file name and extension and finds
the first Granule of the file. Line 90 traces through the file
allocation table until the last Granule is found. This pro-
gram is written to allow you to customize it for your own
use. For example, if you want the listing in alphabetical
order, just add a bubble sort between line 60 and 70. Or if
you want only BASIC programs listed, test for this in line
70. Try running this program on several of your diskettes.
The map produced may be of use if you have problems
with your diskette. Listing 2 is a short program which may
be used to read all sectors on a diskette. If you get an I/O
error while trying to backup a diskette, run this short pro-
gram. It will terminate with an I/O error, but the last track/ -
sector displayed on your screen will tell you the first sector
which cannot be read. You can generally make this sector
readable by writing over it with a DISKOS command. You
can then use your map and the track/ sector vs. Granule
table to see which file (if any) has lost data. Remember to
run the program (listing 2) again to confirm that the sector is
readable and see if any other sectors are bad.
The directory map is also of use to show you how your
diskette is organized. If you have a map of a diskette you just
put into service, it will probably show the files are well
organized. Files are clustered around the middle of the
diskette and multi-Granule files are using adjacent areas.
But a map of a diskette which has been used for a while and
which has had files grow or shrink in size, files deleted
(killed), and others added, shows a less organized picture.
The disk system will try to allocate adjacent Granules when
it can. This is more than just aesthetically pleasing. It also
allows files to be read or written with a minimum of time
required to reposition the read head. But if you have several
files (data or program) which gradually grow over time, the
allocation pattern is one of intertwined Granule allocation.
The disk system /MC/ft// 5 capability is good for making
an exact duplicate of your diskette. It makes a physical
copy— that is, it copies all sectors whether used or not. The
BA CKUP process does nothing to reorganize your disk and
get things back to a neat (and efficient) allocation. The disk
system COPY command does write a file copy as if it is just
being created, and in so doing keeps things together. You
can create a new and well organized disk just by copying all
of your old files to that new disk one by one. If you have
many files on the disk, this will be a bit of a chore.
But unlike the BA CK U /’command, the CO/ 5 T command
can be used by a program. The disk manual states that the
COPY will erase memory, but it really doesn’t. What it does
do is use whatever memory is not in use by your program.
The more memory available, the better COPY will work on
longer files.
Listing 3 is a program which will copy all files on a
diskette in Drive 0 to Drive I . The effect of copying all files is
to produce a logical backup of your diskette. But since this
new diskette will probably be better organized (more effi-
cient) than the original, you may want to make it your new
working copy and keep the original as the backup. The
COP Y command will not write over an existing file. To use
this program, the new diskette must not have any files with
the same name as those on the diskette to be copied. This will
generally mean a newly formatted diskette.
The use of this program also has some other advantages.
The program will not try to read unused sectors so an
unreadable but unused sector will not be a problem. If your
old diskette is only partially filled, this procedure may actu-
ally be faster than the BACKUP command. You may use
this program to make one backup diskette combining two
half-filled diskettes as long as file names do not repeat. And
you may add those customizing touches like sorting the file
names or copying only program files or only files which start
or end with this or that. If you found a disorganized diskette
with program Listing 1 , try program Listing 3 on it and then
get a map of the new diskette to see what neat means!
Unfortunately, Listing 3 will not work on a one-drive
system. Program Listing 4 shows the modifications required
for a logical backup using only one drive. This version does
have many of the advantages of Listing 3, but it also has one
major disadvantage. You will need to switch diskettes at
least once for each file to be copied. For a single drive
system, the BA CKUP command will generally be easier and
154 the RAINBOW July 1983
The PROFESSIONAL Keyboard
"A Model 1 keyboard
in a Color Computer case.
This product is a real gem."
Rainbow Review, March 1983
*AII TDP/F orders please specify
*No Extra Charge for TDP/F
Model
$69.95
A direct plug-in
replacement for your
Color Computer.
•Simple Installation
(No glueing or cutting)
‘Redefinable keys
‘Free Software - See page
80 of June 1983 RAINBOW
"The Spectrum Switcher
is a fantastic device"
RAINBOW review, April,
1983, Page 207
SPECTRUM SWITCHER
$99.95
RAINBOW
CtRTlflCATtON
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Have your Disk and Cartridge too!
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212 4412807
all orders plus $3 S/H, N.Y. residents add sales tax
faster than Listing 4 (unless you only have about half a
dozen files). But you may wish to use the program when the
map shows a real need for reorganization.
You will probably find these small utilities useful. But
more important, the use and understanding of these pro-
grams will give you a better idea of how the file system uses
the disk directory and how to make it work for you.
Listing 1:
1 'LISTING #1
2 ’
3 'THIS PROGRAM IS USED TO
4 'PRODUCE FILE ALLOCATION MAP
5 ’
10 PCLEAR l: CLEAR 2000: DIM F*(72
>:DR=0 'DR IS DRIVE NUMBER
20 DSKI* DR, 17,2,AL*,B*
30 N=l:FOR S=3 TO 11
40 DSKI* DR, 17, S, A*,B*: A*=A*+LEF
T* (B*, 127) : FOR J=0 TO 7
50 F*(N)=MID*(A*, J*32+l, 16) : IF L
EFT* ( F* ( N ) , 1 ) =CHR* ( 255 ) THEN N=N
-1 1 GOTO 61
60 N=N+1 : NEXT J,S
61 'BUBBLE SORT CAN GO HERE
70 FOR M=1 TO N: IF LEFT* <F* (M) , 1
) =CHR* (0) THEN 100
80 PRINT#-2: PRINT#-2, LEFT* (F* (M)
,11>S" " i : G=ASC (MID* (F* (M) , 14, 1
) >
90 PRINT#— 2, G; ; : G=ASC (MID* (AL
*,G+1,1)):IF G<68 THEN 90
100 NEXT M
IS DRIVE NUMBER
20 FOR T= 0 TO 34:CLS:F0R S=1 TO
18
30 PRINT T,S:DSKI* DR, T, S, A*, B*:
NEXT S,T: CLEAR 2000
Listing 3:
1 'LISTING #3
2 '
3 'THIS PROGRAM IS USED TO
4 'MAKE A LOGICAL BACKUP FROM
5 'DRIVE 0 TO DRIVE 1
6 '
10 PCLEAR l: CLEAR 2000: DIM F*(72
>:DR=0 'DR IS DRIVE NUMBER
30 N=1 : FOR S=3 TO 11
40 DSKI* DR , 1 7 , S , A* , B* : A*=A*+LEF
T*(B*, 127) :FOR J=0 TO 7
50 F*(N)=MID*(A*, J*32+l, 16) : IF L
EFT* ( F* ( N > , 1 ) =CHR* ( 255 ) THEN N=N
-l:GOTO 61
60 N=N+1 : NEXT J,S
61 'BUBBLE SORT CAN GO HERE
70 FOR M=1 TO N: IF LEFT* (F* <M> , 1
> =CHR* (0) THEN 100
80 W*=LEFT* (F* (M) , 8) +"/"+MID* (F*
(M) ,9,3) : PRINT W*:COPY W* TO W*+
; 1 "
100 NEXT M
Listing 2:
1 'LISTING #2
2 '
3 'THIS PROGRAM IS USED TO CHECK
4 'ALL SECTORS ON A DISK
5 'IF IT ENDS WITH AN I/O ERROR
6 'THE LAST TRACK/SECTOR DISPLAY
7 'IS NOT READABLE
8 '
10 PCLEAR l: CLEAR 8000: DR=0 'DR
r
v.
64K for $99!
We will convert your Radio Shack Color Computer to a full 64K for only
$99.00 plus shipping. (Compare this with RS price of $1 49 + $30 labor
for 32K upgrade.) Board models D. E and F — No matter what ROM you
have — Typically 24 hour turnaround — Includes hardware modification
to access the entire 64 K, with special software and instructions on use of
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Listing 4:
1 'LISTING #4
2 '
3 'THIS PROGRAM IS USED TO
4 'MAKE A LOGICAL BACKUP
5 'USING ONLY DRIVE 0
6 '
10 PCLEAR 1: CLEAR 2000: DIM F*<72
>:DR=0 'DR IS DRIVE NUMBER
30 N=l:FOR S=3 TO 11
40 DSKI* DR, 17,S, A*,B*: A*=A*+LEF
T*(B*, 127) :FOR J=0 TO 7
50 F*(N)=MID*(A*, J*32+l, 16) : IF L
EFT* (F* (N) , 1 ) =CHR* ( 255 ) THEN N=N
-l:GOTO 61
60 N=N+1 : NEXT J,S
61 'BUBBLE SORT CAN GO HERE
70 FOR M=1 TO N: IF LEFT* (F* (M) , 1
) =CHR* (0) THEN 100
80 W*=LEFT* <F* (M) , 8) +" / "+MID* <F*
<M) ,9,3) :PRINT W*:COPY W*
90 IF M<N THEN PRINT: PRINT" INSER
T SOURCE DISKETTE AND" : INPUT "PRE
SS ENTER" ;C*
100 NEXT M
156 fhe RAINBOW July 1983
SPECTRUM SPECIALS
Rompak w/Blank PC Board $9.95
The Spectrum Remote Reset $12.95
The Colorcade w/Rapid Fire. $19.95
Video Plus - Superb Video Interface$24.95
16/32K Upgrade Kit * Lowest price..$25.95
Wico Red Ball Joystick $34.95
The Spectrum Joystick $39.95
Wico Analog Joystick $49.95
Super - Pro Keyboard $69.95
Botek Printer Interface $69.95
Convert Modem to Auto 'Answer $99.95
Amdek Twin 3" Drive System $599
CALL 212-441-2807 SPECTRUM PROJECTS
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GRAFPLOT: A Versatile
Sophisticated Data Handler
How many of you have broken your sweet embrace with
CoCo lately to maybe just lean back on an elbow and really
take note of what’s happening with our Color Computer? 1
mean, have you really noticed what’s going on around you?
Have you noticed the ever increasing amount of software
available these days? Or is it happening so fast that the pace
is just too swift to keep up with?
Consider that just a year ago the cupboard was woefully
bare and comparable power cost almost three times as
much, and your basic unit was a 4K machine.
Consider that when you finished your journey through
the accompanying manuals and went out shopping in search
of software, almost all you could find were a few game
cartridges. Foggy memories? Then pull out some of your
back issues of the Rainbow and check out the advertising.
Now compare that with today’s level of third party software
and hardware advertising for our Color Computer. Notice
anything significant? Sure the quantity has increased almost
immeasurably, but look at the quality and diversity!
We’re seeing more and more utilities and serious applica-
tions programs (now being called “personal productivity
software” by some) almost every week. Programs which
really allow you to tap CoCo’s latent potential as a true
computer — even within the small business.
POWER LINE PROBLEMS?
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DELUXE POWER CONSOLE
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QUAD-1 $49.95
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MINI-1 $34.95
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Use your credit card or send check & we pay the shipping.
215-837-0700
Out of state, order toll free
800-523-9685 • TWX 510-651-2101
PA Res. add 6% sales tax • for COD add S3. 00 + shipping • dealers invited
Take for example this brand new product that came
across my desk for review just recently. GRAFPLOT is its
name, a general graphing program. Written in open BASIC,
it’s described as being capable of turning your Color Com-
puter “into a sophisticated data plotter, producing profes-
sional quality graphs of any type of X-Y data”and promises
that you’ll never have to mess around with pencil, graph
paper and ruler again. And 1 thought it was another pro-
gram designed to print text on the graphics page before 1
cracked the manual!
GRAFPLOT is an applications program which will find
itself equally useful in the home and office Color
Computer — although probably more so in the latter case.
And that, although not revolutionary, is progress, my
friend!
So what’s so great about this product? After all, you can
learn how to make graphs from the computer manuals. But I
guarantee you won’t be able to do it nearly as well and with
the diversity that GRAFPLOT offers. 1 know there’s a new
product out from the Fort Worth folks, but it’s ROMpak
based, isn’t it? I find those cartridge programs so limiting for
some reason.
GRA F PLOT comes in two versions: a cassette version for
16K machines; and a disk version for 32 K machines. For the
cassette version, you’ll need a minimum of 16K with
Extended Color BASIC and, naturally, a good cassette
recorder. For the disk version you need 32K Disk Extended
Color BASIC with one or more drives. Optional equipment
requirements to get hardcopy printouts of your graphs are
listed as a Line Printer VII or DMP-100 and the Radio
Shack screenprint program. (There is a section in the man-
ual on how to interface other screenprint routines and print-
ers with GRAFPLOT.)
Well, I found and blew the dust off my long unused copy
of the screenprint program with a sigh of relief. But since
changing over to the faster, smarter and much neater Oki-
data 82A, I had passed my LP VII along to my computer
engineering daughter. All I could do was cross my toes in
hopes of discovering that the Oki’ would work out. (It went
crazy when 1 tried to get a screen print!)
After carefully reading through the documentation’s 34
pages, it was time to tackle the program. Unfortunately, 1
couldn’t think of anything I wanted to plot out on a graph at
the time! Wouldn’t you know it? Well, anyway, the manual
includes an extensive tutorial section with a set of basic data
provided to permit you to initiate a number of graphs and
even includes printouts of what they should look like. Why
not use these data, I said to myself.
Following the manual’s instructions to clear the machine
for all available memory (aimed at the 16K user), I loaded in
the first cassette program and started following the step by
step tutorial. Once 1 had entered the data and checked it, I
simply called for the graph to be drawn on the high resolu-
tion screen. I was both surprised and pleased at the results.
Looking good, CoCo! The screen presentation, using
PM ODE 4, was clear and very crisp indeed. Even though the
steps taken to get that display were at first kind of confusing,
I quickly got used to it, thanks to the meticulous “hand hold-
ing” documentation.
After discovering that the Okidata 82 A wouldn’t respond
to the screenprint program (I should have known better), 1
“borrowed” and hooked up the LP VII and soon produced
my first hardcopy printout. The image produced by the LP
Vll left much to be desired in my opinion: too small (3”h x
414 ”w) and kind of jagged. Maybe the latter is a result of a
158 the RAINBOW July 1983
BASIC AID
AT LAST! Help for the BASIC programmer. BASIC AID is an indespensable addition to the Color
Computer. It will save you valuable time and effort. If you write or modify BASIC proarams
you need BASIC AID.
You get 43 Common BASIC commands available as single Control Key inputs. Greatly
speeds up program entry.
A powerful feature is the ability to redefine any or all of the keys to your own specifications
PLUS you get invaluable features such as a MERGE command. Move Line command and
Automatic Line Numbering
MERGE— Insert programs stored on
cassette into your Basic program.
You can even assign new line
numbers to the program you read
in. Great for creating your own
tape library.
MOVE— Lets you move and renumber any
part of your Basic program. GOTOs
and GOSUBs are automatically
changed.
Redefine any or all keys! Put in your most
frequently used commands. Then save
them to tape for use another time.
M M
"An excellent program
and fine utility' —
— RAINBOW review,
August, 1982, Page 27
BLANK SET -AUTONUtl-
MERQE MOVE ON/OFF 9UPP USER OH/OFF SET
T RACE EXEC
nnnnnpnnnn!
1 I ] I I L ! I I I I 1 I 1 I » I 1 I » L
CHR3 LEN LEFT MID RIOHT THEM OOSUB INKET INPUT OPEN
□□□□□□□□□□;
STRINO READ DATA FOR QQTQ HEX’ JOY8TK SOUND LIST
□□□□□□□□□
CLEAR T CLEAR CONT
PEEK CIRCLE DRAW PAINT
Y I * *~
II II
AUDIO CSAVE CLOAD STEP RETURN NEXT MOTOR
- - . * ii i - ; S ! | I I I i
I I
J l—
EDIT
]□
W PA I
]□
LINE
1 r~i
J L_J
i i
i i
_i L_
BASIC AID
All of this in a convenient ROM cartridge which is available instantly on power-up. And, it
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BASIC AID CARTRIDGE $34.95
Disk Basic Aid $49.95
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much-used printer head, though. I found the first prints
coming out in white on black. Remembering that 1 could
POKE value 255 into memory location 16303, I soon
changed that to a black on white printout. (The disk version
takes care of this for you by modifying the screenprint
program and relocating it to high memory.
One last word about the cassette version and we’ll move
on. Because GRAFPLOT itself consists of two programs,
you’ll find yourself shuffling back and forth among three
cassettes: the program tape, screenprint, and a data tape.
You might get a bit confused at first, but it’ll wear off soon,
especially if you keep your work area clean and neatly
organized.
The disk version is much easier to use. After the long
process of backing up the master disk’s two programs and
then bringing the main program up, you’re asked if you have
a copy of the modified screenprint program on the disk. No?
Then load the screenprint program into memory from
cassette and within a few seconds it’s modified (including
getting rid of the shift/ up arrow), moved to high memory
and on your disk ready to work! You’re advised to then
make a new backup working copy of your backup.
Both versions employ extensive error trapping to guard
against your bombing the program and losing your data to
boot. One method used very effectively is Automatic
Prompting to lead you through all of the steps necessary to
enter, set up and draw a graph. You’re urged to use this
option every time.
I mentioned earlier that I was hard-pressed to come up
with a set of statistics of my own to graph out. But suppose
you’re more creative than I. Just what kind of data will
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GRAFPLOT handle? Its author suggests the following
applications:
Personal:
♦budgets and actual expenses versus time (days, weeks,
months, or years)
♦children’s growth curves (height and weight versus time)
♦tax bracket versus income
♦stock and investment performance versus time or interest
rate
Business:
♦sales charts
♦marginal cost and marginal profit versus units produced
♦total cost and revenue versus time
♦performance forecasts or production, investments, et
cetera
Statistics:
♦scatter plotting of raw data
♦plotting of data versus regression curves
♦evaluation of integrals of complex equations
Scientific and Engineering
♦experimental results plotting
♦removal of noise from data
♦data extrapolation to new experimental conditions
♦evaluation of certain quantities by calculating the area
under a curve. (I’d never have thought of that one! I’m
usually behind the curve.)
If you can think of unique applications, you can even
define your own functions with the manual and program
leading you along.
Suppose you’ve already got some files with data you’d like
graph plotted. Can you integrate them directly into GRAF-
PLOT? Yes, with reservations. “ GRAFPLOTcan read data
from any tape or disk file that has the proper data structure.”
What that means is that you must use the GRAFPLOT
format in recording your data. There’s a section in the
manual suggesting how you can achieve this compatibility.
The documentation — let’s call it a manual — isn’t too
badly put together. 1 was a little skeptical from the start
about its print format of very closely spaced typewritten
lines. It just seems a bit too crowded to my eyes. Maybe I’m
mellowing, though, because I soon found myself able to
wade through it and make some sense out of the format. It’s
“chock-full-'o’-nuts” to make GRAFPLOT easy to use.
Here are the basic questions (with short answers) I asked
myself after running through the program several times and
getting a good feel for it:
Overall impression? — (Very impressed)
Probable market? — (Small, small business and the natu-
rally inquisitive)
Easy to use? — (Very, if you follow the manual)
Would 1 buy it? — (Maybe)
Do I recommend it? — (Yes, to anyone with such a need)
I’m very impressed with GRAFPLOT, even though it
doesn’t produce pie — or bargraphs. One last thing: because
it uses high resolution’s PMODE 4, don’t expect to see
dazzling colors on the screen. And if you’re going to use the
hardcopy printouts in business, you might want to enlarge
them a bit photographically first. Whether these are short-
comings or not depends on your intended applications.,
(Hawkes Research Services, 1442 Sixth Street, Berkeley, CA
94710, S35 cassette, $45 tape)
— Ed Lowe
160 the RAINBOW
July 1983
**********************************************************
****************************************
“BREAKING ALL
SALES RECORDS’
Bob Rosen
“Recommend to
anyone who enjoys
games on his CoCo.”
RAINBOWReview,
March 1983
STICK INTERFACE
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DISK INTERFACE/ROM PACK
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HIDDEN BASIC 1.0
Finally! A program written to protect
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LIST or LUST
The protected copy is not a BASIC pro-
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COLOR COMPUTER EDITOR
ASSEMBLER AND DEBUGGER
CCEAD is a high quality program and
excellent value. CCEAD is a tool that no
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to be without RAINBOW Review. February,
1983 * $ 6.95
THE STRIPPER
Deletes REMarks, packs lines and removes
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"How much Memory can you save? About
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93-16 86th DRIVE
WOOD HAVEN, NY 11421
(212) 441-2807 (VOICE)
(212)441-3756 (DATA)
'Order both and save a buck!
Call the Rainbow Connection At (212) 441-3755 & (212) 441-3766 for Rainbow Programs & Reviews
DEALER/CLUB INQUIRIES WELCOME
New York State Residents add appropriate taxes
Tired of plugging and unplugging
devices from the RS232 port of your Color
Computer? Make your life easier. Buy our
RS232 expansion cable and connect two
devices at the same time. Just right for
printers, modems, etc. Anything that plugs
into the Color Computer will plug Into this
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RS232 Cable $20.00
RS232 Switcher $29.95
'3 Position
COLORCOM/E BONUSI Order
COLORCOM/E and get the RS232 cable
for only $15.00. Save $5.00
32K RAM Button $2.99
Nanos System Reference Card $3.99
SPECTURM PUTS THE SLAM ON RAM
16K Chips $9. 95/set
64K Chips $49.95/set
32K RAM Button $2.99
Nanos System Reference Card $3.99
6883 (SAM) Chip with heat sink $29.95
6809E— CPU Chip $29.95
Basic ROM 1.1 $36.00
CoCo First Aid Kit (Be Prepared)
(2 682 1's, 6809E & 6883) $69.95
EPROM Programmer (2716, 2732. 2764
and 68764) $99.95
(Serial I/O Port) $49.95
Lowercase Kit — Save $30 $49.95
The Spectrum Sketchpad
(Panostyk) $79.95
Extended Basic ROM $84.00
CoCo Coo Coo (24 Hour Clock) $99.95
The Spectrum Control Center $99.95
Color-80 BBS Software $115.00
Disk Interface (Spectrum Special $139.95
"THE ANSWER"— Allows you to switch between Rom-
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8 BAC— "Auto disk to tape backup”!
Cassette or Disk — S24.95
(212) 441-3755 & (212) 441-3766 for Rainbow Programs & Reviews
SPECTRUM PROJECTS
93-16 68th DRIVE <2 1 2) 44 1 -2907 (VOICE)
WOOOHAVEN, N.V. 11421 1212) 441-3766 (DATA)
DEALER/CLUB INQUIRIES WELCOME
New York State Residents add appropriate taxes
YOU’VE BEEN READING ABOUT
the “new” Color Computers on these
pages for some time — now we’re going
to tell you something about one of
them.
Yes, it is available. It is called the
MC-10 and has the now-familiar CoCo
logo of red, green and blue rectangles on
its white cover (see the picture on this
page). Not only is the “PoCo CoCo”
(poco means small in Spanish) available
now, but it is available for $119.95.
That’s a very competitive price and
when we tell you more about it, you’ll
see that it looks like the people at Radio
Shack have come up with another winner.
From the standpoint of the CoCo
Community, the advent of the TRS-80
MC-10 means that there will be a whole
lot of people joining us! Here’s an ideal
“first” computer at a “first computer
price.” And, while the initial version
comes with just 4K, there is reference to
greater memory availability and some
interesting possibilities for expansion.
The instruction set for PoCo CoCo is
something of a mixture of Color BASIC
and Extended Color BASIC. And while
there are no high-res commands, it
seems obvious that high resolution gra-
phics will be possible with machine lan-
guage programs.
PoCo CoCo arrived here just as we
were on deadline, so there may be
number of details we will be forced to
leave out of this first look-see. But, Dan
Downard, our technical editor, promises
a full run-down on PoCo CoCo for next
month.
In the meantime, here are some first
impressions:
The MC-10 has all the string functions
available for CoCo, many of the trig
operations (like COSine and SINe) and
a good amount of other goodies such as
RND, ABS, CHR$ and the like. It also
has PEEK and POKE, which the non-
Extended BASIC CoCo did not origi-
nally have.
Along the same vein, it also has multi-
dimension array capabilities, which were
not included with non-Extended. And,
surprise, it sends information to the
printer by LPRINT— not PRINT #-2,
as does CoCo. This may cause some
compatibility problems, but shouldn’t
be too serious.
Then there’s something new: CLO AD*
and CSAVE*. These two commands
allow you to save and load arrays to
tape without affecting the rest of the
program. A nice addition!
Also obviously different is the key-
board, which sports automatic key-in of
BASIC keywords by using a “control”
key. Also, the block graphic symbols
can be accessed directly from the key-
board.
PoCo CoCo uses a Motorola 6803
microprocessor. This is in the same
“family” as CoCo’s 6809, but it is not
exactly the same. It does use the same
P1A chip, so the display looks virtually
the same as does its big brother’s. All the
chips we saw were soldered to the mother-
board inside — meaning no sockets
as with CoCo. What there is, though, is
an “expansion edge card slot” in the
back. The manual says this is for extra
memory, but Joe Bennett of JARB
Software/ Hardware says he believes all
the address busses come out through
this port — which means a lot of things
could be added there.
We have to wonder whether they will
be, though. We see PoCo CoCo as an
ideal beginner’s machine that will help a
person “graduate” to either CoCo or the
“Super CoCo” that rumors say will be
introduced by Radio Shack some time
in the future. In fact, if you read the
Pipeline last month, you would have
seen reference to the computer we are
now describing and to the “Super
CoCo” we’re talking about now.
Also, PoCo CoCo has a full-blown
RS-232 serial port and the standard
cassette port. It, like CoCo, can run on
either channel 3 or4 and does come with
the TV connection box (and appro-
priate cable) at no extra charge.
At first blush, PoCo CoCo looks to
be very similar, technical-wise, to
CoCo. The text screen starts at a dif-
ferent place and the top of BASIC is
located at a different place in memory.
But, these are about the same, so there
will have to be some more experi-
menting before we can be sure whether
programs will run “as-is.”
There are some differences in the I/O
routines, too. For instance, PoCo CoCo
does not appear to use the remote con-
trol for the tape recorder motor. Also,
there may be some differences in BASIC
tokens — but programs typed in will
run the same. New tapes may have to be
made to handle programs on that
medium. Stay tuned.
’ All in all, we feel it very reasonable to
say that PoCo CoCo is a good addition
to the Color Computer family. We
believe it will interest thousands and
thousands of people in computing —
and at a price more attractive than
CoCo itself. Once these people get their
feet wet in computing, the natural “up-
grade” will be to CoCo (or “Super
CoCo”).
In comparing PoCo CoCo to the
other computers in its price range, it
definitely comes out far ahead. While
Motorola’s 6803 is not quite as spiffy as
6809, it is a fine step up from what other
low end computers are using. Too, the
command set is excellent and the variety
of applications seems to be good. And,
we do hear a memory upgrade will be on
its way soon.
164 the RAINBOW July 1983
Spectrum Projects
Your TDP'100 Dealer
Trims Down Prices!
64K T DP-100
with Ext/Basic
$$ Call $$
Line Printer 1
(DMP-100)
$299.95
Color Drive
Zero
$449.95
DC Modem 1
Communications
$129.95
Color Cassette
Recorder (ccr si>
$49.95
16K TDP-100
with Ext/Basic
$$ CAII $$
CALL 212-441-2807 SPECTRUM PROJECTS
all orders plus $3.00 S/H 93-15 86th DRIVE
N.Y. residents add sales tax WOODHAVEN, NY 11421
LAST CHANCE AT THESE LOW PRICES
Software Review
DATAMAIL Flexible, Needs
Slight U.S. Modification
Oh #$0#%$0! What did I do with that address? Fret no
more. Your answer lies in CoCo. That is, of course, if you
have DATAMAIL.
U pon getting DA TA MA IL to review, 1 quickly leafed through
the short documentation and CLOADed the tape. When
CoCo gave me the proverbial OK I simply entered RUN and
was greeted with a complete menu which clearly depicted
what this program would do for me. A very nice touch.
DA TA MA IL allows you to save complete addresses, eas-
ily edit them as required, and print them using any of three
selectable formats. Name, address, and phone numbers are
stored. You can find addresses automatically by typing in a
name or semi-automatically using an up/ down scan feature.
To use DATAMAIL you need the renowned CoCo I6K
Extended, a cassette to save your addresses, and a printer is
not necessary (you can use the screen listing) but awfully
handy.
DA TAM AIL is flexible. You can print part of the list, all
of the list, a certain address, customize in which you can
select which part of an address you want printed, and it has a
label feature so you can print labels. For the latter, my better
half has great plans. I imagine CoCo will be completely
exhausted as we mail out our Christmas cards.
A little more about flexibility. DA TA MAIL is written in
BASIC which makes it easy to modify. If you have read my
previous reviews you already know I am very big on custom-
izing any programs 1 buy and if they are in BASIC, it’s that
much easier.
DA TAM AIL is fast enough to work on my printer and
should suit anybody’s full speed ahead requests. The only
disadvantage 1 found was we hackers have to key in the
addresses (but, we only have to do it once). Come on, you
elusive voice recognition software people, get to work. Our
tired digits need you!
One of the two changes 1 could suggest for DATAMAIL
is a different program for people who live in the United
States. They do, in their documentation, tell you how to
change the program and it is a very small change. You see,
DATAMAIL comes from a Canadian company and Can-
ada does not have states or zip codes. They have provinces
and postal codes. These two changes are easily made and
saved in your customized version of the program. The
second change would be an option to print multiple copies
of one address for labels. 1 make my own return address
labels and printing them one at a time is a waste of time and
energy.
The bottom line must always be — should you buy it? Let
us try a short program to give us the answer (be forewarned,
you may get a syntax error).
10 IF you would like to maintain a mailing list AND
need the flexibility DATAMAIL allows THEN
GOSUB to the parenthetical data and let
PRICE=$14.95 ELSE GOTO 40.
20 IF you can afford PRICE then GOTO 30 ELSE
GOTO 40.
30 GOTO the advertisement and order DATAMAIL.
40 END: REM Whatever your decision 1 leave it
exclusively in your hands.
(THE DATAMAN, Box 431, Sta. B, Hamilton, Ontario,
C anada L8L 7W2, $14.95)
—Herbert B. Ridge
All Color Software
Post Office Box: 15235
Plantation! Florida
33318
Neui ! from ACS ...
<5 x vy <onr~ Cg Co 4 »t->
On/Off light: T cor- ^5 - (ZMZ) ! !
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Now for only *5 you can have an on/off light for your CoCo, without
voiding your warranty!! If you own a joystick, can drill ONE hole, and
make TWO connections, then you are ready for this simple Do-It-Yourself Kit!!
This simple kit comes with the parts to modify 2 joysticks, and clearly
written instructions on the procedure, which takes only 10 minutes on the
average.
Note: This modification Does NOT impede joystick performance. This kit
works with any joystick, and is equally easy to install in each.
ORDER NOW ! ! NO Extra Shipping Charges! !
Florida residents add 5K sales tax. Note:Custom joysticks still available.
166 the RAINBOW July 1983
Fraction Math Quiz
Has Multiple Defects
Computer owners who are actively involved in education,
whether as teachers or parents, seek software which will
enhance and extend classroom activities. All too often the
“educational programs”are mere drills, which do not utilize
the computer’s capabilities.
Fraction Math Quiz is another drill program. It presents a
menu of choices for seven fraction operations, including
fractions to decimals, at five levels of difficulty for each
operation. The answers are given in multiple choice format,
(which is the best feature of the program) for many students
are able to work problems exactly, yet fail to see that some-
thing like 13/ 16 is approximately 3/4. This program pro-
vides plenty of practice in “smart guessing,” partially
intended by the author, but also because the levels of diffi-
culty are not properly thought out. For example, in doing
addition. Level I consists of problems which share a com-
mon denominator, yet Level 11, where the denominators
should be in the range of 2 to 6, presents problems of the type
4/9 + 11/14. Because the program is written in BASIC it
would be easy to change so that the difficulty levels corres-
pond to actual classroom practice.
The menu contains an eighth choice, “Play Starship
Commander.” That sounds enticing, doesn’t it? Who, on
loading in the program, would make any other choice?
Unfortunately, when this option is selected, a message
appears saying you are in the galaxy and must return to your
home planet without the aid of your computer, and will have
to calculate the course yourself. You are then returned to the
original menu. So sure was 1 that the author had inadvert-
ently omitted the game that I called to check. I am sorry to
say that this message and the return to the menu for the
review constitutes the intended diversion. It is against all
principles of education to raise someone’s hopes for a
reward, and then not deliver. This leads me to believe that
the program was not child tested before release. My testers
(ages 9 to adult) suggest that the whole drill be made into a
starship game. The present scoreboard which shows the
number right on the first try could be retained.
Unfortunately, the program as it stands is only a drill. No
child of my acquaintance has the motivation, persistence,
and patience to sit at the computer and perform such drills
when the only reward is a simple “Right on, Alfred” for a
correct response. In our house, the children were willing to
go through the program only because they knew they were
participating in a review, and could make suggestions for
improvement.
Should you need a drill program for your child, and find
the multiple choice format desirable, you should provide the
motivation and reward which the program lacks. You could
merge a game into it, as the program occupies less than 8K,
and this game could be played after a certain number of
correct responses and then return from the game to the drill.
For a high school student or adult who is already highly
motivated to improve basic fraction skills, and for whom the
improvement would be sufficient reward, the advanced lev-
els are a real challenge and definitely improve the ability to
approximate answers.
(Creative Technical Consultants, P.O. Box 652, Cedar
Crest, NM 87008, $14.95 including s/h)
— Carol Kueppers
ARE YOUR WALKING FINGERS GETTING FOOTSORE ?
Tired of typing in those long, but wonderful, programs from each issue of the RAINBOW? Now, you can get RAINBOW ON TAPE and give
those tired fingers a rest. With RAINBOW ON TAPE, you'll be able to spend yourtime enjoying programs instead of just typing, ..typing. ..typing
them! All you need to do ever again is pop a RAINBOW ON TAPE cassette into your recorder, CLOAD and RUN any one you want.
RAINBOW ON TAPE is available as a single issue for S6.50 or on a yearly subscription basis for only $60. It is the perfect complement for the
RAINBOW itself.
VISA, MasterCard and American Express accepted. All subscriptions begin with the current issue and back issues are available
beginning with April, 1982. Subscriptions are sent first class mail to coincide with the arrival of your current issue of the RAINBOW.
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Think of it! Not 10 or a dozen— but between 20 and 30— programs every month from
Rainbow On Tape. All the really good programs from the Rainbow! All the long ones ... so
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HANDY ORDER CARD BETWEEN PAGES 34 and 35
July 1983 the RAINBOW 167
A
point located on a circle can be referenced in terms
ofCartesiancoordinatcs(X.Y) or by Polar coordinates
R, ANG). Since most microcomputers screen displays
radius angle
are described in Cartesian coordinates (even though the Y
axis is upside-down from the normal notation), a few
conversions are necessary when you wish to use Polar coordi-
nates.
ANGR = ANGD/57. 295779
in radians in degrees
X = R*COS(ANGR)
Y = R*SIN(ANGR)
For those who are rusty in mathematics, a radian measure
is the ratio of the arc that the angle subtends to the radius of
the circle in which it is the central angle.
If the arc length (a) equals the
radius ( R ), the angle measure is one
radian.
I radian is approximately equal to
57.295779 degrees
In radians = 3t>(l degrees
If you know the radius of a circle and a given central
angle, the X and Y Cartesian coordinate locations of a point
(P), relative to the circle's center, can be calculated with the
conversion formulas given above.
The Color Computer has a wonderful BASIC statement,
CIRCLE, that takes all the work out of plottinga circle. The
CIRCLE statement can even be modified for height to width
ratio (a circle’s eccentricity) to produce an ellipse. In this
article, we will analyze the circle in order to find out how we
can produce more complex curves.
A circle can be thought of as a series of connected straight
lines of the same length. At each end of the straight lines is a
point. These points are determined by the radius of the circle
and the size of the angle used to divide the circle (the central
angle). Forexample, look at a circle with radius R and ANG
= 30 degrees.
A simple FOR- NEXT loop can be used to calculate the
X,Y coordinates for the end points.
FOR ANG = 0 TO 360 STEP INC
X = R*COS(ANG) : Y = R*SIN(ANG)
NEXT ANG
Of course, the X and Y values must be adjusted for the
distance of the circle’s center from the origin of the axes on
which they are plotted. The Y value must be corrected for
the computer’s Y orientation.
168 the RAINBOW July 1983
Our program will be general enough to provide for plot-
ting arcs (sections of circles) as well as complete circles. The
parameters used in the program are:
XCEN = X coordinate of the circle’s center
YCEN = Y coordinate of the circle’s center
R = radius of the circle
SAN = starting angle (in degrees)
EAN = ending angle (in degrees)
INC = angle increment (in degrees)
The main program accepts the inputs, defines the parame-
ters, sets up the graphics screen, calls the plotting subrou-
tine, and provides INKEYS statements for terminating the
graphics screen when desired.
Here are screen dumps made from several runs of the
CIRCLE program.
RESULTS INPUTS
SAN = 0
EAN = 360
INC = 60
R = 30
X,Y = 128,96
The listing:
100 REM ** CIRCLES AND ARCS **
110 ’
120 REM ** INPUTS **
130 CLS
140 INPUT "STARTING ANGLE <DEG> "
;san
150 INPUT "ENDING ANGLE (DEG) " ; E
AN
160 INPUT "INCREMENT (DEG)"; INC
170 INPUT "RADIUS" JR
180 INPUT "CENTER X , Y" ; XCEN, YCEN
190 '
199 REM ** SET GRAPHICS **
200 ! 4, 1
210 ! 1
220 ! 1,0
230 ! 0, 1
240 '
299 REM ** CONVERT AND GO PLOT *
*
300 PL=INC/57. 295779
310 EAN=EAN-INC
320 ! (0, 180) -(250, 180) , !
330 ! (0, 180) -(0,0) , !
340 GOSUB 2000
399 REM ** HOLD IMAGE **
400 A**""
410 A*=INKEY*: IF A*="" THEN 410
ELSE 130
420 END
430 '
1990 REM ** CALCULATE AND PLOT *
*
2000 FOR N=SAN TO EAN STEP INC
2010 ANG==N/57 . 295779
2020 X=R* ! ( ANG) +XCEN
2030 Y=180-(R*SIN(ANG)+YCEN)*.B
2040 XX=R*! (ANG+PD+XCEN
2050 YY=180- (R*SIN (ANG+PL) +YCEN)
0
2060 ! (X,Y) — (XX, YY> , !
2070 NEXT N
2080 RETURN
SAN = 0
EAN = 360
INC = 30
R = 30
X,Y = 64,45
I
I
SAN = 0
EAN = 270
INC = 15
R = 40
X,Y = 192,135
I
i
SAN = 90
EAN = 180
INC = 15
R = 40
X,Y = 64,135
July 1983 the RAINBOW 169
UTILITIES AND GAMES
FOR THE
COLOR COMPUTER
BACKUP $9.95
Speed up disk backups, helps to recover
crashed disks. Bypass I/O errors and fix
many disk problems.
CATALOG $9.95
An automatic disk file cataloging system.
File the directories of your disks.
COPYTAPE $9.95
Copy, merge, and backup your tape based
software. Works even witn most popular
pre-loader tapes.
CZAP $9.95
A disk inspect and modify routine. Learn
how disks work, fix problems on your
disks.
CCRPM $12.95
A disk drive speed checking routine.
Displays on your screen the current,
average, high, and low speeds of your
drive. Complete with instructions for
correcting the speed of your disk drive.
NEATDIR $6.95
Places the file names of your disk
directory into alphabetical order. Makes
finding programs on your disks easy.
Keeps your disks in order.
OFFLOAD $9.95
Create tape backups of your disks. A disk
to tape, tape to disk backup system.
ONERR $12.95
An error handler for BASIC programs.
Allows your program to receive control
whenever any error occurs. Take control
and fix your problems.
TAPEDIR $9.95
Create a directory of your tapes. Lists
program name, length of program, start,
end, and transfer addresses for all
programs on your tapes.
TAPELIB $12.95
A BASIC tape subroutine append routine
and a starter library of 5 subroutines.
Create your own subroutine library on
tape to append to your programs.
TAPEXFER $9.95
Load your tape programs to disk auto-
matically. Great for Chromassette sub-
scribers, automatically loads an entire
issue to disk.
TREK80C $14.95
The classic Star Trek computer game. A
real time game with moving Klingons and
action graphics.
Please add $1.00 shipping and handling
on all orders. Pa. residents add 6% sales
tax. Canada orders must be paid in
American funds. No COD or charge cards,
send check or money order only to:
A.M. HEARN SOFTWARE
602 S. 48th Street
Philadelphia, Pa. 19143
Write for a free catalog of these and other
products.
Dealer inquiries invited.
'I
When I made the screen dumps to my printer, the draw-
ings were stretched in the X direction. The program includes
a factor of 0.8 to correct for the way the screen stretches
things in the Y direction. Therefore, 1 have found it conve-
nient to include stretch factors as inputs for both X and Y.
Then I can control whether 1 want a good appearance on the
screen or on the screen dump. The variables XST and YST
are used. For a normal appearance on the video screen, I use
XST = 1, YST = 0.8. For a good appearance from the
printer, I use XST = 0.8, YST = 1 .
The inputs are added to the input section of the CIRCLE
program.
183 INPUT “Y-STRETCH”; XST
186 INPUT “Y-STRETCH”; YST
Lines 2020 through 2050 are changed to:
2020 X=(R*COS(ANG)+XCEN)*XST
2030 Y=180-(R*SIN(ANG)+YCEN)*YST
2040 XX=(R*COS(ANG+PL)+XCEN)*XST
2050 YY=I80-(R*S1N(ANG+PL)+YCEN)*YST
These optional inputs allow you to stretch the circle in
both directions so that it is quite easy to draw an ellipse of
your choice.
Typical Screen Dumps
INPUTS for all three dumps:
SAN = 0
EAN = 360
/ \ INC = 15
.1 i R = 40
l I 1 X,Y = 128,96
XST = .8
YST = I
XST = 1
YST = .5
XST = .5
YST = 1
the RAINBOW July 1983
REALISTIC ACTION FEATURING — Bank Shots, Combinations, Engish on
the Cue Ball.can be played by 1 or 2 players. Ask your friend to chalk up,
the action is fast. Now at your Software Dealer, if not have them call
ANTECO 4220 Clay Ave.
Fort Worth, Texas 76117
1-800-433-7631
ANTECO
division of
Antenna Electronics Co.
!1
The program WIDGET shows an application of the sub-
routine used in the CIRCLE program. Suppose you want to
generate a computer drawing of a widget which will eventu-
ally be machined, stamped, or produced in some other way.
You can use the subroutine in CIRCLE but re-write the
main program. Our widget will look like this.
X -►
You can see that there are four circles and five arcs to
draw. WIDGET draws the arcs first, then the circles, and
finally the straight lines. Try WIDGET. Then change the
main program to draw the design of your choice.
WIDGET is divided into four modules:
1 ) The SCREEN module clears the text screen. It then sets
up PMODE4 with a green background and black fore-
ground. It also draws the X,Y axes.
2) The DRA fCmodule uses a FOR-N EXT\oop to read in
the data necessary to draw the arcs and circles. It calls the
CALCULA TE AND PLOT subroutine to do the drawing.
After all arcs and circles have been drawn, the straight line
portions of the drawing are made. The DA TA is then res-
tored, and IN KEYS waits for a re-run if desired.
3) The DA TA module contains the starting angle (SAN),
ending angle (EAN), angle increment (INC), radius (R), and
the X,Y coordinates of the center of the circle (XCEN and
YCEN).
4) The CALCULATE AND PLOT module is the same
subroutine used in the first CIRCLE program.
The listing:
100
REM **
1 10
7
120
REM **
130
CLS
140
INPUT
;san
150
AN
INPUT
160
INPUT
170
INPUT
180
INPUT
AUDIO AND VIDEO
INTERFACE
Provides SWITCHED color or monochrome 75ohm, 1 volt p-p video from CoCo.
If you wish to use a high resolution monitor this interface is a must.
Separate enhancements are provided for color and monchrome outputs.
This is not a simple emitter-follower add-on.
•UNIT DOES NOT REQUIRE SOLDERING
•INTERFACE IS ASSEMBLED AND TESTED
'400mw AUDIO @ 8 ohms
•TWO YEAR WARRANTY
Price $49.95 (Includes Shipping) FREELAND ENG. 7503 N. Kerby, Portland, OR 97217
172 the RAINBOW July 1983
thefcoupon below you can have a (hanc
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183 INPUT "X -STRETCH"; XST
186 INPUT "Y-STRETCH"; YST
190 '
199 REM ** SET GRAPHICS **
200 PMODE 4, 1
210 PCLS1
220 SCREEN 1,0
230 COLOR 0, 1
240 '
299 REM ** CONVERT AND GO PLOT *
*
300 PL=INC/57. 295779
303 XCEN=XCEN/XST
306 YCEN=YCEN/ YST
310 EAN=EAN-INC
320 LINE (0, 180) -(250, 180) , PSET
330 L I NE <0,1 80 ) - ( 0 , 0 ) , PSET
340 GOSUB 2000
399 REM ** HOLD IMAGE **
400 A$=" "
410 A$=INKEY$: IF A*="" THEN 410
ELSE 130
420 END
430 '
1990 REM ** CALCULATE AND PLOT *
*
2000 FOR N=SAN TO EAN STEP INC
2010 ANG=N/57. 295779
2020 X=(R*COS(ANG)+XCEN>*XST
2030 Y= 1 80— ( R*S I N ( ANG ) +YCEN ) *YST
2040 XX= (R*COS (ANG+PL) +XCEN) *XST
2050 YY=180-<R*SIN (ANG+PL) +YCEN)
*YST
2060 L I NE <X,Y)-(XX, Y Y ) , PSET
2070 NEXT N
2080 RETURN
SCREEN DUMP OF WIDGET
•"( t
I i
__<• i
100 REM ** WIDGET **
110 ’
120 REM ** SCREEN **
130 CLS: PMODE 4,1: PCLS 1
140 SCREEN 1,0: COLOR 0,1
150 LINE (0, 180) -<250, 180) , PSET
160 L I NE <0, 180) — (0,0) , PSET
170 ’
180 REM ** DRAW **
190 FOR ARC = 1 TO 9
200 READ SAN, EAN, INC, R, XCEN, YCEN
210 PL = INC/57.295779
220 EAN = EAN- INC
230 GOSUB 2000
240 NEXT ARC
250 DRAW"BM10, 148U32BU24BR30R160
II
260 DRAW " BD32L50BL60BD48L50 "
270 A$=" M : RESTORE
280 A$=INKEY$: IF A*-"" THEN 270
ELSE 130
290 END
291 '
299 REM ** DATA **
300 DATA 90,180,15,30,40,80,180,
270, 15,30,40,40
310 DATA 270,360,15,30,90,40,180
,90,-15,30, 150,40
320 DATA 270,450,15,20,200,90,0,
360, 15, 10,40,80
330 DATA 0,360,15,10,90,80,0,360
, 15, 10,65,40
340 DATA 0,360,15,10,200,90
1990 REM ** CALCULATE AND PLOT *
*
2000 FOR N=SAN TO EAN STEP INC
2010 ANG=N/57. 295779
2020 X=R*COS < ANG) +XCEN
2030 Y=180— (R*SIN (ANG) +YCEN) *. 8
2040 XX=R*COS (ANG+PL) +XCEN
2050 YY=180-<R*SIN (ANG+PL) +YCEN)
*. 8
2060 L I NE (X,Y)-(XX, Y Y ) , PSET
2070 NEXT N
2080 RETURN
Hint . . .
Finding ML Addresses
You can find the addresses of a machine language
program in memory by PEEKing several addresses. Those
addresses are:
To find the start address, use the command PEEK
(487)*256 + PEEK(488)
To find the end address, use the command
PEEK(126)*256 + PEEK(127)-1
To find the execute address, use PEEK(157) * 256 +
PEEK( 158)
With all these commands, you must ask CoCo to PRINT
the addresses as well as work out the formula. A simple way
to do this is add a question mark (?) before each of the
commands.
These commands can be used either in a program or in
direct mode from the keyboard.
174 the RAINBOW July 1983
WE DO BASIC BETTER!
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and Speed Unsurpassed in Color
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GALLOPING
GAMBLERS
Those who have tried It agree that GALLOPING
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No Joysticks are required for this 4 player game. Place
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sound of post time.. .and. ..they're off.
Game Includes color graphics with score and blrds-
eye view of the race track. Can you last all twelve
races?
We dare you to try.
$18.95
GATOR ZONE-
Is the first video computer game that takes a "byte"
out of the Preppy crazel You can finally get even with
those pesty Ivy League snobs by blasting away at a
host of Preppy Gators on their home planet of "Prep-
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ble up your shlrtsl This Is comic arcade fun at Its best.
Includes high-resolutlon graphics, on-screen scoring,
Joystick action, and three levels of play.
An IMB original I
$18.95
STAR SIEGE PLUS-
Dlscusted with Space Battle games In which your
space craft looks like an asterisk?
STAR SIEGE lets you and your friend (or enemy) pilot
two high resolution space ships while trading laser
blasts. The first to take ten hits loses, but watch out
for that pesty alien saucer! He wants to see to It that
you both get vaporized.
Also Includes two player TANK TORCHER game.
$18.95
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If you are bored with space obstacle games that place
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then METEOR STORM Is for you. Enjoy the thrill of
blasting the approaching meteors from the cockpit
of your own spacecraft. Watch the meteors grow In
size until. . . I
18K Color Extended Required. Includes sound
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$12.95
SELECT-A-GAME-
combines 3 of IMB's finest bonus games In one sim-
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All contain stunning color graphics and high speed
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$18.95
MICRO-MATH
SKILLS QUIZ-
Is a fine math drill for students at or below the 3rd
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INKEY entry with large print, high-resolutlon graphics.
This Is a must for educatorsi
$12.95
CREATAVADER-
Now you can design your own "Invader-style" game
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needed for customizing the creatures you hate the
most. Full Instructions Included. Create your own
targets or select from a menu of seven predesigned
four color targets.
$18.95
COLOR
WORDCLONE-
Turn your Color Computer Into a supertypewriter.
Screen displays 50 characters by 23 lines In real up-
per and lowercase. User modifiable. Remove our
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character generator alone Is worth the price of the
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$18.95
KOSMIC KAMIKAZE-
Our best selling high-resolutlon, deep space arcade
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$18.95
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This High Resolution Color Game has the most
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Truly a must for every Color Computer.
$18.95
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TURN OF THE SCREW
Build A T Adapter
For Your Disk Controller
By Tony DiStefano
Rainbow Contributing Editor
A lot of people have been asking me to explain how
to expand their computer without having to spend a
lot of money on expansion interfaces, power sup-
plies, and the like. Well, here goes. This is the first of a series
of expansion projects for the Color Computer. The empha-
sis on these projects will be low cost. They will be geared
toward the experimentalist or the “hacker."They will satisfy
the person who is tired of playing games and wants to
expand his or her knowledge about hardware by experi-
menting. All of these projects will be done via the Program
Pak connector. A problem arises in trying to experiment
when you have disk drive. Those of you that have disk
drives really don’t like to constantly remove the controller
and plug in some experimental board and then replace the
controller. And when it comes to using software, having first
to save the program on cassette (yuk), unplug the controller,
try the software out on the project and then replace the
controller is not a very interesting proposition.
HIGH SPEED CASSETTE SYSTEM
Now for the TRS-80 Color Computer
The JPC PRODUCTS High Speed Cassette System, in operation
for over 4 years, is now available for all versions of the Radio
Shack® Color Computer.
• TC-8C — Plugs directly into the expansion port of your
TRS-80 Color Computer. It is fully compatible with all
versions of the Color Computer from the standard 4K to
the Extended 32K.
. FAST — Twice the speed of the Color Computer System.
• RELIABLE — Less than one error in a million bits.
• SUPPORTS TWO DRIVES — Software selectable.
• ALL FILE TYPES — BASIC, machine language, data.
• MOTOR CONTROL — Two on-board relays.
• EPROM OPERATING SYSTEM
• SPARE EPROM SOCKET — 27 1 6 or 2732 compatible.
• OPTIONAL JBUG MONITOR — EPROM or Cassette
• 6809 Assembler • Memory modify and list
• 6809 Dis-assembler • Break point traps
• ASSEMBLED and TESTED
TC-8C SI 29.95 JBUG (EPROM) .... S34.95
TERMS:
Cash, Master Card or
Shipping & Handling
S5.S0 ICanada) $15 C
(Foreign) Technical
Inquiries: Phone
500 • 600 PM MST
Here is the “Y-cr” in use with next months project.
Did you ever try to plug two pair of headphones into one
headphone jack? You can’t. What you have to do is, go to
your nearest Radio Shack store and buy a “Y” adapter for
your headphones. That is what you are going to do; go to
your nearest Radio Shack store and get a “Y” adapter for
your disk controller. Well, not quite! You see they don’t
make a “Y” adapter for a disk controller. What a shame! 1
guess you’ll have to make one. This brings me to the first
project for the Color Computer. 1 call it “The Color Compu-
ter Y-er,” or is that “wire?” In any case, it will solve the
problem of having access to the bus with the disk controller
plugged in. Putting this together is not that hard, and not
expensive, but you have to remember that this just gives you
acess to the bus, it is not a buffered expansion interface. Y ou
cannot plug in a ROM Pak and expect it to work. To do that
will require some circuitry. That may come later.
The Y-er requires four parts: one project board. Radio
Shack No. 276-163; two 40-pin Card Edge Connectors,
Radio Shack No. 276-1558, and a 12” piece of 40-wide Hat
ribbon cable. You can use Radio Shack No. 276-1542. This,
however, has a connector on one end. You don’t need it and
have to cut it off.
If you can get ribbon wire from another source (like I did),
do so; why pay more for a connector when you don’t have
to? As for tools, all you need is the regular set of tools for
electronic projects. The only other tool you will need is a
four inch vice. You need that to crimp the connector to the
(Tony DiStefano is well known as an early specialist in
Color Computer hardware projects. He is one of the
acknowledged experts on the "insides" of CoCo.)
176 the RAINBOW July 1983
ribbon cable. And that’s it — one hour later, you’ll have your
very own Y-er.
Okay, let’s start. Take the project board and cut it in half,
at about the “20” mark. Y ou will need the half with the lower
numbers. The other half may be used in a later project, but
for now, put it aside. With a sharp knife, separate one end of
the ribbon wire into individual wires about one inch long.
Strip about 3/16 inch of insulation off of each wire. Tin each
wire with solder. This is where the tricky part starts. This has
to be donejust right. Hold up the ribbon wire by the stripped
end and let the rest of the wire hang down. Starting from the
right hand side, bend the ends of the wire alternately for-
ward and backward. The first one on the right side goes
away from you. This divides the ribbon into two sections.
Counting from right to left, the odd numbers are away from
you and the even numbers are close to you. The top section
and the bottom section. The top section will solder to the top
(component side) of the project board and the bottom will
solder to the bottom (copper side). You do this by soldering
the bottom side first. The first wire on the right goes into the
hole just below the first finger on the right. That means that
it will solder to the copper side. The second wire goes on the
first finger on the component side directly above the first
wire. Then the third wire goes under the second finger to the
finger on the copper side. The forth wire goes on top of the
second finger and so forth until all of the wires are done. The
last wire on the left goes on the top (component) side of the
last finger. From now on this is known as the top side. The
first finger on the right side is pin # 1 , the pin directly under-
neath is pin #2, the last finger on the top side is pin #39 and
the pin under that is pin #40.
Now, it’s time to put the connectors on. Slip one connec-
tor into the other end of the ribbon wire. The connector
should be pointing upwards, in the same direction as the top
of the project board. Place the connector about two inches
away from the edge of the project board. Examine the
connector and wire carefully and make sure that all the wires
line up with the teeth of the connector. You might have to
stretch and tug the wire into place. Gently pinch the connec-
tor together between two fingers. The teeth should start to
press against the wire. Again check that all the teeth align
with the wires. When they do, sandwich the connector in
between two small pieces of wood. Put the wood and the
connector into a vise. Turn the vise until the connector is
completely closed. Examine the connector to be sure that it
is properly closed. If not, then give it another shot on the
vise. It is important that the connector be fully closed. Now,
slip in the second connector. It should stay close to the end
of the wire. Crimp it like you did the first. If you think that
you cannot properly crimp the connector, local electronics
shop personnel might be able to help you.
Figure 1 Y-ER
Your “Y-er” should now look like the one in Figure 1.
Before you go plugging this thing in, you should run a few
tests. The first test is to determine if all the wires have
continuity. This is where the other half of the project board
comes in. Plug the board into one of the connectors. With an
OHM meter, check that all the wires show continuity
between the two ends. Make sure that they all line up! Pin#l
on one should be pin #1 on the other. That is important:
reversed wires can cause a disaster. Next check the conti-
nuity of the other connector. If all is well there is one more
thing to check before you can use the “Y-er.” You must
check forshorts between the pins. Put one lead of the OHM
meter on pin #1. Place the other lead on each of the sur-
rounding pins one at a time. All of the readings should show
high. There should not be any resistance between any pins.
After all this checks out, remove the flux left behind when
you soldered the wires to the project board. This can be done
with flux cleaner. If you don’t have any, an old toothbrush
and lighter fluid will work. You might have to get down to a
little bit of scrubbing. If you bought the Radio Shack con-
nectors you will have to do a little trimming in order for the
disk controller to fit in correctly. A small knife will do the
trick. Cut deep enough that the controller fits in all the way.
After you feel sure beyond the shadow of a doubt that
there are no shorts and no opens it’s time to try it out. With
the power off, plug the “Y-er” into the Color Computer’s
cartridge slot. Make sure it is in tight. T urn the computer on.
If all is well, then turn it off again and plug the controller
into the first connector. Turn it on and there you are, you
have access to the bus with the controller plugged in. Right
now you don’t have anything to try it out with, but next
month my project is a parallel printer port. For now try
plugging the controller into the other connector to make
sure that it works.
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 177
Ready For Combat?
Draw Your Crossbows!
By Bill Nolan
Rainbow Contributing Editor
W elcome to the Dragon’s Byte! In past columns we
have talked about creating characters and mon-
sters for fantasy games. We have also spent some
time on record keeping systems for keeping track of the
progress of a character.
For those of you who are not familiar with fantasy role
playing games, the play consists of creating an imaginary
character and then pretending to be that character while
exploring old dungeons, fighting with monsters, or traveling
to distant lands where strange and wonderful things can be
found. You could compare it to writing a play by giving each
actor a character to work with and letting them make up the
dialog as they went along.
Needless to say, a game of this kind can be very complex.
One of these games has five hard cover books of rules to
explain the play, and the rules still fall short of fully explain-
ing every possible situation. To handle this kind of problem,
and also to have someone available to act out the parts of all
the bad guys and monsters, a special game position was
created.
This special person is called the dungeon master, referee,
or game master, and they keep track of where everyone is,
how they are doing, and myriad other facts and figures.
Several of our previous articles have been addressed to the
need to computerize all that data.
This time I want to begin discussing combat. In a fantasy
game combat comes up like this:
PLAYER ONE:- “1 open up the door and go into the
room.”
(Bill Nolan is co-owner of Prickly- Pear Software, and
teaches Programming in BASIC at Pima College in
Tucson, Arizona.)
REFEREE: “O.K., there is a huge cavern on the other
side, and you see a large red dragon!”
PLAYER ONE: “1 draw my sword ‘firedrake slayer’ and
move to the attack.”
PLAYER TWO: “While Elrond runstoattack, 1 fireoffa
bolt from my crossbow at the dragon!
Did I hit him?”
Ah, there is the problem! “Did 1 hit him?”That seems like
an easy enough question, but consider the possibilities.
First, was a shot actually fired at all? Maybe the dragon was
lying in wait and knew the players were coming. Maybe our
players were so surprised they dropped their sword or bow
on the floor in excitement. After all, you don’t open a door
and find a dragon every day. Then again, maybe the dragon
was faster than the intrepid fighters. Maybe the dragon let
off a gout of flaming breath as the players were getting out
their weapons and cooked them on the spot. Fighting drag-
ons is dangerous work, you know!
And even if the shot was fired, it may have missed the
dragon altogether, or it may have bounced off the armored
scales. Who can tell? Who will decide? If we let the referee
decide, then we have no game at all. We may as well just have
the dungeon master tell us how everything will come out
right at the start, and then we won’t need to play! Think of
the time we can save!
To get around this difficulty, the fantasy games have
developed combat systems. These systems attempt to take
into account as many of the factors in a combat as possible,
and they all use dice rolls to settle the outcome. Most of
these systems are very complex and consume a lot of time. A
combat that would take five minutes in real time may take 45
minutes of time in a game.
Let’s go through the above dialogue again, and
178 the RAINBOW July 1983
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PLAYER ONE: “I open up the door and go into the
room.”
Did the door actually open? Maybe it was locked or stuck.
We roll a die to find out. If it was locked or stuck, additional
dice will have to be rolled to see if it was successfully picked
or kicked open. Only after all this has been done can we
safely assume that the party enters the room.
REFEREE: “O.K., there is a huge cavern on the other
side, and you see a large red dragon!”
That’s nice. But, dragons have a reputation for sleeping a
lot, so we have to roll a die to see if this particular dragon
was awake or asleep. Let’s assume this one was awake. Was
it startled or surprised? Were any of the party members
surprised? We have to roll a die for each character and
monster involved!
PLAYER ONE: “1 draw my sword ‘firedrake slayer’ and
move to the attack.”
PLAYER TWO: “While Elrond runs to attack, 1 fire off a
bolt from my crossbow at the dragon.”
Before any of this can be decided, we have to find out
which side gets the first attack. In most games this is called
“initiative.” Each side will have to roll a die to determine
this. Let us pretend that the dragon wins the initiative and
gets to attack first. The dragon can either breathe on the
fighters or it can attack with claws and teeth. Which will it
choose? You guessed it, roll another die! Whichever choice
the dragon makes, its attack may not succeed. The dragon
could miss, or the players’armor may protect them, so more
dice must be rolled. If the attack does succeed, dice must be
rolled to find out how much damage was done.
If any players survive the attack of the dragon, then we get
to:
PLAYER TWO: “Did 1 hit him?”
Gee, my dice are getting a little worn on the corners, and
we are still only getting started! To make matters worse,
after we roll a die, we have to look up the number we rolled
on a large table to find out the result. This result can then be
modified by the armor worn by the attackee, the strength of
the attacker, what kind of weapon was used, and any magi-
cal spells in effect. (There may be several.)
You have to be dedicated to play these games. So far,
about five million people have gotten dedicated!
Naturally, since 1 collect computers, 1 have been thinking
of how to design a computer combat system to take the
drudgery out of all this fighting. A big advantage of a
computer is that you aren’t limited to dice of 6 or 10 or 20
sides. Y ou can have any number of sides you want, and that
gives you much more flexibility in designing your combat
system.
First, however, a word about the random number com-
mand on the Color Computer. RND(n) will return a number
from 1 to the number “n.” If “n” is 1 or 0, the number
returned will be a decimal number larger than 0 but smaller
than 1, like .12345678. If the number “n” is a minus number,
it will reseed the random number generator with a different
seed for each minus number.
Hold on a minute! What was that last? Well, the random
number generator is what the computer uses to calculate its
random numbers. For example, do a cold start. (That means
turn your computer off, wait 15 seconds like the manual
says, and turn it back on.) Now type:
10 FOR X=1 to 10:PR1NT RND( 100):NEXT X
When you have this line typed into the computer and have
entered it, type RUN and press ENTER. If you made no
mistakes, a row of 10 numbers from 1 to 100 will appear
180 the RAINBOW July 1983
COLOR CATERPILLAR by the Rugby Circle. Inc *1983
An ecological system out of control; the last survivors ban together in
the valley. Of the predator insect* the caterpillar remains as the worst
menace because of its amazing ability to reproduce. From your mobile
post, your guns are aimed at the moving target, a raging caterpillar
splits in two with each half going in opposite directions. Even if. in your
persistence, you manage to destroy the creature, another one appears
one segment longer than the previous caterpillar. Adopting to its hostile
environment, if the caterpillar reaches the valley below without attack-
ing you, he transforms into a killer moth. Your survival instincts are not
nearly so advanced as those of your foe.
Snatch up this survival epic. A challenging fast-action. Machine
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version. Only $19.95
DEATH TRAP the Rugby Circle. Inc. "1983
To satisfy your insatiable hunger for wealth, you have set out to explore
the ancient ruins of a lost civilization. Protected by your armor-plated
tank, you amble through the twisted remains searching for hidden
treasures. As you explore the complicated Death Trap wh ich extends far
beyond the horizon, your energy supply continually diminishes forcing
you to consume the existing fuel mines. Barring your path are various
deterrents which, among other things, destroy tanks, award points,
supply maps and teleport your tank to unknown regions of the Death
Trap
Death Trap is a totally unique concept It is a hybrid game employing
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ETT (Electronic Typing Teacher)
Learn the RIGHT WAY - FAST!
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• Create your own data files for your own usage
Written by a Certified Teacher and a Professional Programmer For the
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MASTER CONTROL II - New & Improved!
Copyright c 1982 Soft Sector Marketing, Inc. Written by Alan Schwartz.
TAKE CONTROL OF BASIC PROGRAMMING ON YOUR TRS-COLOR OR
TDP100 MACHINE.
Master Control is a Machine language program designed to increase
the speed in which it takes to write BASIC programs! by providing the
most commonly used program statements with two(2) keystrokes rather
than having to type the entire command. The program is relocatable
and can be placed anywhere in memory, normally the top 1616 bytes
of RAM. it will work on 16K and 32K systems. All of the instructions are
compatible with the Radio Shack Disk Controller.
OVERVIEW
1 51 preprogrammed command keys of standard and Extended
BASIC commands.
2 Direct control of motor, trace and audio functions.
3 Relocatable Machine code, now works with disk systems.
4. Automatic line numbering, starting point and Increment are alterable.
5 Programmable custom key. you can select your own special function.
6 Direct run key. run the program as you write it.
7 Plastic keyboard overlay for easy program use.
8. Easy entry of commands into program statements
9 New. complete, easy to understand instruction manual.
10 Repeat keyboard function on all keys
Requires 16K. Does not require Extended BASIC (Extended BASIC is
required for some functions.)
Introductory Offor - Cassette #0-79 $19.95
ATTENTION PRESENT OWNERS
OF MASTER CONTROL -
If you have the originai MASTER CONTROL program, you can update to
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1) Remove the comer of your old foil overlay that has the words MASTER
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2) Paste it to a piece of paper.
3) Send this piece of paper and your original MASTER CONTROL tape with
$5.00 for the update and $2.00 for shipping and handling tp:
Master Control Update
c/o Soft Sector Marketing, Inc.
P.O. Box 340
Garden City. Michigan 48135
We must have all the above to process your update.
COLOR GRAPHICS EDITOR
'1983 Soft Sector Marketing, Inc. Written by Larry Ashmun.
AT LAST, a graphics drawing program that is USEFUL in writing programs
that use graphics.
This program permits the creation of graphic pictures on the screen that
can be saved to disk in the form of DATA STATEMENTS for DISK BASIC, or in
the form of FDB STATEMENTS, for use with a disk based Editor/ Assembler
(eg MICRO WORKS MACRO 80C). It allows two type of data entry,
testing of animation effects and many additional features.
Written in Machine language, requires Extended BASIC or RS Disk
BASIC and a minimum of 16K of memory. Works with cassette or disk.
. Cassette #0-211 $19.95
OKI-PRINT “1983 by Craig Edelheit
DUMP SCREEN GRAPHICS FROM YOUR RADIO SHACK TRS-80 - OR TDP1 00*
COLOR COMPUTER TO AN OKIDATA MICROLINE 82A SERIAL DOT MATRIX
PRINTER 256 x 192 HIGH RESOLUTION.
OKI-PRINT is a BASIC language program that is designed to do high
resolution screen dumps from a Radio Shack or TDP1 00 ColorComputer.
to an Okidata 82A printer. OKI-PRINT will dump any PMODE M.P(M =
MODE. P = PAGE) If the PMODE is 1 or 3 (which are color modes) the
printer will attempt to shade the different colors in lighter and darker
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16K Extended BASIC.
Cassette #0-23 $12.95
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313-425-4020
— r-| | PAYMENT-paymentacceptedbycharge. personal check
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I processed when shipped, usually within 48 nours Personal
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orders are certified check or cash only, add SI 50 Ml residents must add 4% sales tax
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down the left side of the screen. W rite those numbers down,
in the order they appear. Now, do another cold start, type in
the same line all over again, and R UN the program one more
time. How about that? The SAME 10 numbers! This is a
problem in a game. What fun is a game if you can predict
what the next roll of the dice will be? The answer to that
depends upon whether you’re playing Monopoly with
friends or craps in Vegas.
What we are getting are PSEU DO-random numbers, and
being able to repeat the same series of numbers is very useful
in some statistical applications. That won’t help our game,
though. We need unpredictable numbers. Try the above one
line program again, but this time add a line 5 before you
RUN it. Remember to do a cold start first.
5 X=RND(-100)
10 FOR X=1 TO 10:PR1NT RND(I00):NEXT X
This is an improvement. N ow we have different numbers.
Do it again (remember the cold start with -200. See, different
again. That’s what we mean when we say that “minus
numbers reseed the random number generation. ’’The prob-
lem here is that if you use the same minus number you
always get the same result. Try the above again with -100
(cold start) and you will see what 1 mean.
What we need is an unpredictable minus number. The
timer is quite unpredictable! After all, it changes 60 times a
second, and that may well be the solution. If we change line 5
above to be:
5 X=RND( -TIMER)
the resulting numbers will become unpredictable. As we
continue with our combat system then, we will have to
remember to insert the above line into the beginning of our
program.
Before we get off this subject, let me give you another way
to insure unpredictable numbers. Since we get the same
series of numbers from each seed, we can either change the
seed, as we did above, or jump into our series at an unknown
point. The program below does both!
10 X=RND)-TIMER)
20 CLS0
30 PRINT @ 202, “RANDOMIZING”;
40 PRINT @ 293, “PRESS ANY KEY TO GO
ON”;:K$=INKEY$
50 IF INKEY$=“” THEN X=RND(0) :GOTO 50
60 CLS:FOR X=1 TO 10
70 PRINT RND(100)
80 END
In line 10, a new “seed” number is chosen. Then, in line 50,
random numbers are chosen over and over again an
unknown number of times until you press a key to go on. 1
have found the above combination to give the best results in
BASIC game programs. It isn’t necessary to print the “ran-
domizing” message on the screen, or even create a special
routine for this. You can simply insert the RND statement
into the middle of an INKEYS loop somewhere in your
program.
Next month we will get into writing the program to com-
puterize a combat system. This is going to be a very complex
program, so we’ll see how much fits in one column. Mean-
while, give some thought to ideas you would like to see
covered in future columns and let me know what y.ou want.
Happy Anniversary, Rainbow !
SOUTHERN SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
SERIOUS SOFTWARE FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
Presenting. . .THE GRAPH ZAPPER,
THE BAR ZAPPER and THE PIE ZAPPER <
• THE PIE ZAPPER draws pie charts of your data- plain or fancy sectors- 5 kinds of sectors -alternate sectors styles to make an outstanding impact -labeled
sectors - option to display raw numbers or percentages on chart with or without totals.
• THE BAR ZAPPER creates bar graphs with multiple bars-five different bar styles -positive and negative bars-can use names or numbers for bar identifi-
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• THE GRAPH ZAPPER plots line graphs of data and equations -multiple lines with different symbols-mix equations and data on the same graph-with or
without grids - plots lines or points - “The Graph Zapperis one of the most completely documented pieces of software we have seen. . .The Graph
Tapper is an outstanding utility and can be a major tool in statistical, business and other uses where graphic representation of numbers is desirable. ”
The Rainbow, Dec. 1982
• Endless applications -electric consumption, stock prices, math class equations, children's height and weight, data analysis, trend indication, experimental
results, statistical analysis, sales presentations.
• The three ZAPPERS provide you with a sophisticated capability that will handle from the simplest to the most complex graphing needs.
All three ZAPPERS have these Features:
High resolution graphs with on screen numbers, titles, and labels.
Sophisticated data editor makes changing data simple.
Disk version has added features including storing completed graphs
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Detailed user's guides for all features.
Low resolution graphs can't compare.
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• User friendly, easy to understand.
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• Low cost upgrade from tape disk.
• Hard copies possible with readily available screen print programs
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• Requires Ext. Color Basic and delivered on cassette.
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for 32K disk versions
$ 15.95
for 16K tape versions
add $1.00 for shipping . . . send check, money order,
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RAINBOW
$44.95 for all three tape versions + $3.00 shipping
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Florida residents add 5% sales tax
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182 the RAINBOW July 1983
Wrapping Up Our
Communications Word Processor
By Richard A. White
Rainbow Contributing Editor
Last month, we began writing a Communications Word
Processor program to generate, off-line, text that could be
loaded and sent by COLORCOM / E or other terminal
packages that support line by line transmission of a pre-
viously loaded file. Special program features include keep-
ing line counts and a wordwrap feature to move text from
overlength lines to the next line. We also want an easy-to-use
editor and need printer and cassette or disk file handling
ability. The program is modular. That is, specific line
numbers were predefined for the various functions we knew
had to be included. Main Menu starts at 1000, an easy-to-
remember line if you get an error or break the program and
want to reenter without losing your data. Following is Table
1 which lists all modules used.
TABLE 1
Commwp Modules And Number Block Assignments
Lines
Module
Comments
5—99
Subroutines
Frequently called subroutines used
by more than one routine.
100-199
Enter Message
Enter lines at bottom of message.
200-249
Edit
Phrase substitution editor.
250—299
Insert
Put new text between existing lines.
300—399
Wordwrap
Cut over limit text and add to
next line.
400-500
Delete
Delete line and renumber those
above.
500-600
Copy
Copy line into temporary variable
and insert at new location.
600-700
Printer
Hard copy for proof or file.
900-1000
Save/ load
Disk or cassette option.
1000-1050
Main Menu
Select primary functional choices.
1050-1100
Configuration
Configure limits to specific bulletin
board requirements.
2000-2100
Initialization
Read strings and enter key variables
into table.
10000
Auto-save
Run past leader and save two copies
to tape.
11000
PCI. EAR 1
Avoid SN error.
(Richard White has a long background with micro-
computers and specializes in BASIC programming.
With Don Dollberg, he is the author of the TIMS data
base management program.)
Last month, we discussed initialization, the Main Menu,
bulletin board limits, the program save routine and word-
wrap. Focus was on program logic and ways to implement
the logic in BASIC. It is now time to do the same thing with
the heart of the program, the text entry and editing routines.
My assignment is to explain them to you. Your assignment
is to understand them well enough that you can make some
improvements on your own or use parts of the code in your
own programs. Certain objectives we stated last month
determine how the text entry sections called from it are to be
written and need to be reviewed.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 183
1) Display lines used and lines left. As finally imple-
mented, this became lines used and lines allowed.
2) Allow user to scroll up or down through the message
using the arrow keys.
3) Edit or delete the bottom line displayed.
4) Be able to insert a new or copied line between others.
5) The editor will be a phrase substitution type, where the
user types the material to be removed and then the new text.
6) Provide wordwrap so lines longer than the limit can be
typed and the excess from the last space before the limit will
be moved into an additional line or added to the next line as
appropriate.
7) In addition to arrow key control, how about other
control keys like “T” for top of message, “B” for bottom of
message and “G” to GOTO a particular line. “G” was not
implemented due to screen space limits.
The text entry section code will use certain BASIC rou-
tines that could be used again elsewhere in the program. The
plan was to identify these and put them in low line numbered
(and quickly found) subroutines. The result is that the text
entry code starting at line 100 is fairly short.
8 PRINT696, STRING* (32, CHR* < 163) )
; : I F I > 1 THENPR I NT A* ( I —2 )
9 PRINTA*<I-1> :PRINTA*<I) : RETURN
10 PR I NT "LI NE# " I " LINES" IH" ALLO
WED " LM , MO* " mode A < ENTER >=COMM
ANDS", RETURN
100 MO*=" enter" : CLS4: I=IH+l:GOS
UB10: G0SUB8: LINEINPUTC*: IFLEFT* <
C* , 1 > < >CHR* ( 94 ) THEN I FA* ( I ) = "" THE
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NA* ( I ) =A* < I ) +C*: ELSEA* ( I ) =A* ( I ) +
" " +C*ELSE105
Since some subroutines will be used by a number of
calling routines, we send the calling routine name in MO$
which starts Line 100. The screen is cleared and the line
counter is incremented. If there are no lines yet in the mes-
sage, IH = 0 and I goes to 1 . Subroutine 10 writes a header
showing current line, 1, number of lines already entered, IH
and lines allowed. The “/’after LM moves the print location
to the second line where the calling mode is printed along
with the reminder “up arrow.” Followed by ENTER you
will shift to Command Mode for scrolling through the mes-
sage and accessing other functions like Edit, Insert and
Delete.
Text is entered using LINE INPUT C$ so there are no
restrictions on keyboard characters that can be entered.
When the entry is completed, a nested IF — THEN IF
— THEN — ELSE — ELSE — construction is encountered.
If the condition after the first IF is not true, control is passed
to code following the second ELSE. If that condition is true,
the second IF is evaluated and final action will be either the
code following the second THEN or first ELSE. Nested
conditionals can be tricky. Perhaps the following statement
will help.
/F(Test 1) 77/£W(if Test 1 is true) IF (Test 2) THEN (if
Test 2 is true ACTION A) ELSE (if Test 2 is false
ACTION B) ELSE (if Test 1 is false ACTION C).
Program clarity considerations more than machine capacity
determine how many IE THEN ELSEs you nest. Debugging
IF THEN statements can be tricky, which is another reason
to consider alternate ways. Weird things can happen if there
are errors in test code after the IF. BASIC is looking for only
a true or a false indication at this point and messed up test
code may not return a syntax error to help you pinpoint a
problem. It just won’t work right. This can happen in any IF
THEN statement, it’s just more trying in more complex
situations. Let’s look at what the code in line 100 is saying.
/F(no up-arrow at beginning of C$) THEN /F(A$(1) is
null) THEN (A$(l) = C$) ELSE (AS(\) = A$(l) plus a
space plus C$) ELSE 105.
102 IH=I: IFLEN(A*(I) ) >CL GOSUB30
0: IFLEN < A* ( 1 + 1 ) ) >CL THENI = I + 1 1 GO
TO 1 02 : ELSE 1 00ELSE 1 00
105 1=1-1
110 PR I NT0480, "COMMAND ?";:GOSUB
1 2 : ONZ GOTO200 , 250 , 400 , 500 , 1 000 :
Z=Z-5:CLS3:FG=l:0NZ G0SUB14, 16,1
8,20:FG=0:GOTO110
Line 102 clarifies why we would need to test for A$( I)
being null. The user is free to enter as much text as desired in
a line and wordwrap is called in 102 if text is longer than
maximum line length. Wordwrap cuts off enough of the left
of C$ to fill A$(I) and RETURNS. In line 102, one is added
to I and wordwrap is again called if needed until C$ is used
up. Again nested IF — THEN — ELSE statements are used,
but the false action for both IFs is to go to 100. Still, two
ELSE statements are required, one for each IF. In this
special case where actions are identical, 103 GOTO 100 can
be substituted for the pair of ELSEs.
If the up-arrow is entered, it is assumed that there is no
text, I is reduced in 105 and the program goes into the
command mode in Line 1 10. Subroutine Line 12 is called to
print the command options, get the letter keystroke and
convert it to a number that is returned in Z. In some cases.
184 the RAINBOW July 1983
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like scrolling with the arrow keys, we want to return to 1 10
to repeat the action or make another choice so a subroutine
call is desirable. In other cases, like going to the Main Menu,
any return will be from choices at that routine and GOTO
action is appropriate. Line 12 was written so that the GOTO
choices are returned as Z=1 through 5. The ONZ GOTO
comes first in 1 10 and ifZ is greater than 5 no action is taken,
the program subtracts 5 from Z and does an ONZ GOSUB.
When control comes back from the subroutine, we loop
back and do 1 10 again.
12 PRINT032, "tOP bOTTOM UP/DOW
N ARROWS eDITiNSERT dELETE cOP
Y mENU " j : IFF6=1THENRETURN
ELSEFORJ=0TO0: Z$= INKEY*: J= ( Z*=" "
) :next: z=instr ( m eidcmtb"+chr*(94
) +CHR* ( 10) , Z*> : I F Z=0THEN 1 2ELSERE
TURN
I like Line 12 both for what it does and how it does it.
First, it prints the Command Mode options. Next it checks if
flag FG=1 . If so, it returns to the calling routine. Next it gets
the letter keystroke and converts it to a number using the
INSTR routine we discussed last month. Finally, it checks
for invalid entries, Z=0, and goes around again in that case.
As written, a lower case letter is an invalid entry. In any
word processor where the user is likely to be using lower case
as not, failure to allow lower case command strokes is
intolerable. Your assignment, should you decide to accept it,
is to rewrite line 12 and 1 10 if need be to accept lower case
commands. There are at least two ways to do this. One
involves changes in 12 and 1 10. The other splits 12 into two
advanced math programs
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lines (12 and 13) and does not require changing 110. It’s
things like this that cause Versions 2.0 and 3.0 to be written.
Coming back to the flag FG=1, this was set in 1 10. If the
action called for involves scrolling the screen or moving to
the top or bottom, one of the subroutines 14, 16, 18 or 20 is
used. These use subroutines 8 and 10 to rewrite the screen.
Since 12 is called by 1 10, its use in the other subroutines is
only to get the command test up quickly so the eye does not
notice what 10 wrote on text lines 2 and 3 while the message
text is being written. Indeed, the GOSUB 12 in line 110
might better be in line 105. I leave you to experiment.
The subroutines in lines 1 4 to 2 1 do the scrolling and Top
and Bottom functions. Pay attention to 1 and you can figure
out how they work.
14 I=l:GOSUB10:GOSUB12:GOSUB8:RE
TURN
16 i=ih+i:gosubi0:gosubi2:gosub8
: RETURN
18 I F I > 1 THEN 1=1—1
19 GOSUB 10: GOSUB 12: G0SUB8 : RETURN
20 IFKIH THENI = I + 1
21 GOSUB 10: GOSUB 12: G0SUB8 : RETURN
It may seem that we have spent an inordinate amount of
space on one block of code. But, there was a lot to think
about in those few lines. The remaining text functions follow
a bit different pattern in that the subroutines pertaining only
to that function are in the same code block, following the
main routine, and not at the front of the program. You can
compare text entry and edit and decide which way you like
best or if you even care. Note that I did not follow my
original intent, but this would prevent me from going back
and doing some rewriting once the program was working to
my satisfaction.
1 think a phrase substitution editor is the next best thing to
a full screen editor and is much easier to implement in a
BASIC program. After writing the heading and text lines,
the program asks for the “old phrase.” This can be any
combination of characters that occurs in the last line of text.
This occurs in Line 200. There is also the test for no entry
and for the up-arrow. Either of these provides escape. Since
one may want to make a number of changes in a line, or even
change a change just entered, the option to change with the
escape is necessary.
200 MO*=" edit" : CLS5: GOSUB10: GD
SUB8 : L I NE I NPUT "old phrase ";A*:
I FA*= " " ORA*=CFIR* ( 94 ) THEN220
210 F= INSTR (A* ( I > , A*) : IFF=0THENC
LS5: GDSUB10: G0SUB8: PRINT"phrase
not found ": LINEINPUT"ol d phrase
" ; A*: I FA*= " " ORA*=CFIR* ( 94 ) THEN22
0ELSE210
215 LINE I NPUT "new phrase ";B*:L
1 =LEN < A* ( I ) ) : A=LEN ( A* ) : C*=LEFT* (
A* (I) , F— 1 ) :L2=LEN(C*) :L3=L1-<A+L
2) :Q*=RIGHT* (A* (I) , L3) : A* ( I ) =C*+
B*+Q*: GOTO200
In Line 210, the starting position of the old phrase in the
line is found. If the exact combination of characters is not
found, INSTR returns a zero, we reprint the screen with the
message “phrase not found” and the invitation to re-enter
the old phrase. A lot of Line 200 code is duplicated, mainly
so the message “phrase not found” will be correctly posi-
186 the RAINBOW July 1983
PRETTY PRINTER
This M/L utility program will allow you to write your
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P:Z=X + Y:PRINTZ:NEXTY:NEXTX
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FOR X = A TO M:
FOR Y = S TO P:
Z = X + Y:
PRINT Z:
NEXT Y:
NEXT X
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tioned. When the old phrase is found, the program moves to
215 to get the new phrase. Then the text line is taken apart
into the portion left of the old phrase, C,$ and the portion to
the right of the old phrase, Q$. It is then put back together
with the new phrase in the middle as A$(I) = C$ + B$ + Q$.
220 PR I NT@480, "command ?";:GOSUB
230: ONZ GOTO200, 100, 1000: Z=Z-3: C
LS5: FG=1 : ONZ G0SUB242 , 244,246, 24
8:FG=0:GOTO220
230 PRINT032, "tOP bOTTOM UP/DO
WN ARROWS eDIT CURRENT MES
SAGE mENU "j : IFFG=1THENRETUR
NELSEFOR J =0TO0 : Z*=INKEY*: J= < Z$="
■) :NEXT: Z=INSTR("ECMTB"+CHR«<94)
+CHR* ( 10) , Z*) : IFZ=0THEN230ELSERE
TURN
242 I = 1 : GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB230 : GOSUBS :
RETURN
244 I=IH+l:GOSUB10:GOSUB230:GOSU
B8: RETURN
246 IF I >1 THEN I =1—1
247 GOSUB10:GOSUB230:GOSUB8:RETU
RN
248 IFKIH THENI = I + 1
249 GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB230 : G0SUB8 : RETU
RN
Line 220 does the same thing as Line 1 10 in text entry and
Lines 230 to 249 are similar to 1 2 to 2 1 that were used in text
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entry. The difference is that the choices in Line 230 are
different than those in Line 1 2 and all subroutines need to be
rewritten using 230 rather than 12 as the subroutine call.
The insert routine starting at line 250, the delete routine
starting at line 400 and the copy routine at line 500 are built
on structures similar to edit which we discussed above. Copy
may be viewed as a special case of insert since the source of
the text is string memory rather than the keyboard. In each
case we need to move strings and we do this by moving the
address of the string in the variable table, rather than copy-
ing the string itself to a different place in memory.
250 MO$= "in sert " : CLS6 : GOSUB 1 0 : GO
SUB8 : PR I NT " enter 1 i ne " : L I NE I NPUT
C$: I FLEFT* ( C* , 1 ) =CHR* ( 94 > THEN260
255 FORJ=IH TOI STEP-1 : A=VARPTR (
A*(J> ) :B=VARPTR(A*(J+1> ) :FORK=0T
04: POKEB+K, PEEK (A+K> : NEXT: next: I
=1+1 : IH=IH+1 : A* ( I ) =c$: IFCLCLEN (A
$ ( I ) ) GOSUB300
In insert, the new text is obtained in line 250. In line 255, the
variable table listing for each string is moved to the next
higher array location. The text that was represented by, say,
A$(I0), the tenth line is now represented as A$(ll). The
program will then move the pointers for A$(9) up to the
A$( 10) location until the right line is opened up for the new
text. Delete does the reverse, moving the variable table
contents down and in the process erasing the address of the
string being deleted. Though the deleted string still exists in
memory, the computer has no way of finding it. Eventually a
garbage collection will overwrite the deleted material and it
will be gone for good.
All of the code for these routines are in the program listing
at the end of this article. I invite you to study it. You may
also want to rewrite these to use common subroutines in low
line numbers to reduce the code in each section.
The printer code starting in line 600 is intended to print
the text file for review and editing only. Hence, it is short
without refinements. The baud rate setting routine is the
fanciest thing there. Feel free to use it in your programs.
As more owners acquire disk drives, the ability to save or
load using either tape or disk becomes more important.
Tape makes a good long-term storage media for archive
purposes and for sending data through the mail. The stra-
tegy used here is to have a saving and a loading routine. The
variable D, for device number, is used with each OPEN,
PRINTff and LINE INPUTft statement so these can apply to
either disk or tape operations. For example, line 914 sets D
=-l, gets the file name and runs past the tape leader if the
user wishes. Control is then passed to 950 to PRINTti-l the
data. But when disk is specified, line 91 1 sets D=l, gets the
file name and transfers control to 950 that pre-forms the disk
operation since D=l. Considerable flexibility and perfor-
mance is achieved with a modest amount of code, much of
which is in the menu to make the thing user friendly. Since
the program listing follows closely, consult it for the 900
section coding.
This wraps up the discussion of COMMWP. It has served
well as a discussion piece. There is much room for improve-
ment and refinement and I hope that some of you do just
that. If you do, keep in mind the modular concept that 1 have
been teaching. There is plenty of room for more code in each
block, except perhaps 200. You may also want to use the
BASIC program framework, perhaps keeping the printer
entry and tape/disk I/Oand start over to do a different type
of program. Once you have a library of program modules
188 the RAINBOW July 1983
‘TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER PRODUCTS”
“ ENHANCED 1248-EP EPROM PROGRAMMER
The list of directly compatible EPROMs increases by one. now
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68732-0/1 's, 68764's. and 68766's.
NEW_FEATURES INCLUDE:
1) Intelligent algorithm that reduces programming time to as little
as 1 /6 that of fixed cycle programmers.
2) Diagnostic routines to isolate defective EPROMs, or locate
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3) A feature that guards against EPROM type entry errors,
4) Diagnostic routines that prevent keyboard entry errors from
causing disastrous consequences.
FIR M_WAREF EATUR ES
1 ) EPROM ERASED! 4) BYTE PROGRAMMING!
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1) It has Its own "on-board" 25 volt programming supply.
2) A quality textool "zero insertion force" (ZIF) socket.
3) Socket for firmware on-board.
A PIA port is also available on the programmer. This 8 bit parallel
I/O port with handshake lines, can be used for many applications,
such as a parallel printer port. Details on how to use this port as a
printer interface are included in the instruction manual.
The instruction manual describes how to take full advantage of the
power of this versatile programmer. We think you'll agree, that
never before was an EPROM programmer so easy to use. and
feature packed as is the 1248-EP.
The enhanced 1248-EP costs only $129.95.
Firmware upgrades are available to our previous 1 248-EP custom-
ers, in EPROM, for just $29.95.
“ THE CK4 SERIES PROM/RAM CARDS”
The CK4 cards work with 2K, 4K, and 8K ROMs or EPROMs of the
5 volt only variety in 24 pin packages. The CK4 can also work with
static RAMs, and increase your available memory by as much as
16,128 bytes.
The CK4-1 is specifically designed for use in computers with "F"
series boards, or those machines that are "write protected" in the
address range of $C000 through $FEFF. The CK4-1, therefore,
does not incorporate features designed in the CK4 for use with
RAM.
The CK4-2 is the unpopulated version of the CK4 series board. Buy
this version and configure to meet your specific requirements, and
stretch the value of your dollar.
FEATURES SUMMARY
11 MIX ROM AND RAM!
21 EXPAND RAM FROM 2-1 6K!
31 YOU WRITE PROTECT RAM!
41 EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE OECOOING!
51 PROVIDES FOR BATTERY BACKUP!
6) LOW COST!
CK-4 $29.95 ea.
CK4-1 $27.95 ea.
CK-2 $15.95 ea.
MEW PRODUCT OFFERING
A/D-80C ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER BOARD
The A/D-80C is a 1 6+ channel analog to digital converter with two
8 bit PIA ports plus handshake lines.
-“-Implement closed-loop control of analog processes!
•iHJse it to control your homes environment!
-"-Computerize your laboratory or darkroom!
-:;-Build a multi-channel voltmeter!
-::-Use it for waveform generation!
-"-For robotics!
The A/D-80C is software programmable up to a maximum of 10
bits of resolution. The number of channels can be expanded beyond
the 16 channel capability supplied, and the channels are software
selectable.
The A/D-80C performs nearly 9K A/D conversions per second.
A generous area of the board is designated for wirewrapping to
permit customization of analog signal processing circuitry.
Extensive documentation is provided to assist the user in the
development of his application. Software listings are provided as an
aid to software development, and a socket is provided for an
EPROM for user developed software drivers.
CONSULT FACTORY FOR AVAILABILITY AND PRICE INFORMA-
TION ON NEW PRODUCTS
FACTORY FRESH COMPONENTS :
ITEM DESCRIPTION PRICE
271 6 EPROM 2K by 8 Bit, $4.50 ea.
2532 EPROM 4K by 8 bit, $6.50 ea.
682 IP P.LA. $3.50 ea.
74LS156 Open collector decoder $1.70 ea.
Socket Textool "Zero Insertion Force" $9.00 ea.
Minimum component order: $25.00
ORDERING INFORMATION :
Add $3.00 to all orders to cover shipping and handling. Canadian
residents add 5°/o to cover special handling. Arizona residents add
5°/o sales tax. All items shipped UPS. Please allow 2-3 weeks for
delivery. Prices subject to change without notice.
Make checks payable to:
COMPUTER ACCESSORIES
. VOLTAIRE ~
OF ARIZONA
SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA
like these, you can reuse them in other programs with minor
modifications. Indeed, neither the I/O nor the printer rou-
tines were written for COMMWP.
The listing:
0 GOTO 11 000
3 I-I-l
0386
255 0629
310 0869
442.... 0AA5
542 0D26
640 101D
915 1260
1050 ... 1514
END . . . 1745
8 PRINT896, STRING* (32, CHR* ( 163))
I : IFI >1THENPRINTA* (1-2)
9 printa*(i-i):printa*(I):return
10 PRINT"LINE#" I " LINES" 1H M ALLO
WED"LM, MO*" mod* ENTER >-COMM
ANDS" , , : RETURN
12 PRINT832, "tOP bOTTOM UP/DOW
N ARROWS «DITiNSERT dELETE cOP
Y mENU "» ! IFFG-1THENRETURN
EL8EFORJ-0TO0: Z*-INKEY*: J-(Z*-""
) :next:z-instr("eidcmtb"+chr*(94
) +CHR* ( 10) , Z«) : IFZ-0THEN12ELSERE
TURN
14 I-l:GOSUB10:GOSUB12:GOSUBB:RE
TURN
TRS-80 COLOR BASIC
by BOB ALBRECHT
This entertaining self-instructional book is packed with
games, experiments, scores of intriguing challenges, and
activities related to fantasy role-playing games. The
ideal introductory aid for kids, parents and teachers
using the Color Computer.
John Wiley & Sons $9.95
605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158
TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
by DON INMAN
Explore the creative and imaginative blending of computers
and color. This exciting book will enable you to explore
all the graphics capabilities of Extended Color BASIC.
Reston Publishing Company $14,95
1 1480 Sunset Hills Rd., Reston, VA 22090
APHICS
(itemed
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE GRAPHICS
FOR THE TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
by DON INMAN and KURT INMAN
This book is specific to the TRS-80 Color Computer with
applications using sound and graphics to illustrate how an
assembler can be used to perform feats that would be quite
difficult, if not impossible in the BASIC language.
Reston Publishing Company $14.95
DYMAX, P.O. 310, MENLO PARK.CA 94025
Dymax orders must be prepaid via check, money order. Visa
or Mastercard. Sorry, no Purchase Orders or COD orders.
Please add $2.00 shipping and handling. California residents .
add 6% sales tax. ft
16 I-IH+1 : 0OSUB10: G08UB12: GQ8UB8
S RETURN
18 IFIMTHENI-I-1
19 8O3UB10: GQSUB12: 0OBUB8: RETURN
20 IFKIH THENI-I+1
21 BOSUB10: 0OSUB12: 0OSUB8: RETURN
100 HO*-" •nt»r":CLS4: I-IH+1 :G08
UB10: G0SUB8: LINEINPUTC*: IFLEFT* (
C*, 1 ) < >CHR* (94) THENIFA* (I)-" "THE
NA* < I ) -A* ( I ) +C*: ELSEA* ( I ) -A* ( I ) +
" "+C*ELSE103
102 IH-I: IFLEN(A*(I) ) >CL 0OSUB30
0: IFLENiA* (1+1) ) >CL THENI-I+1: 80
TO102: ELSE 100ELSE 100
103 I-I-l
110 PRINTB480, "COMMAND ?"|:0O8UB
12: ONZ GOTO200, 250, 400, 300, 1000:
Z-Z-5:CL83:FB-l:0NZ B08UB14, 16, 1
8, 20: FG— 0: GOTOl 10
200 MO*-" •dit":CLS5:8OSUB10:6O
SUB8: LINE INPUT "old phraaa "|A«:
I FA*- " " ORA*— CHR* ( 94 ) THEN220
210 F-IN8TR ( A* ( I ) , A*) : IFF— 0THENC
LSS: QOSUB10: Q0SUB8: PRINT "phriti
not found" : LINE INPUT"old phraaa
" I A* : I FA*- " " ORA*— CHR* < 94 ) THEN22
0EL8E210
213 LINEINPUT"n*w phraaa "|B*:L
1-LEN ( A* ( I ) ) : A-LEN ( A*) : C*— LEFT* (
A* ( I ) , F— 1 ) : L2— LEN (C*) : L3— LI— (A+L
2) :Q*— RIGHT* (A* ( I ) , L3) : A* ( I ) — C*+
B*+Q*: QOTO200
220 PR I NT8480, "command ?" I S GOSUB
230: ONZ QOTO200 , 100, 1000: Z-Z-3: C
LSS:FQ-l:ONZ BOSUB242,244,246,24
8:fq-0:qoto220
230 PRINT832, "top bOTTOM UP/DO
WN ARROWS *DIT CURRENT MES
SAGE mENU " ) : IFFG-1THENRETUR
NELSEFORJ-0TO0: Z*-INKEY*: J- ( Z*-"
■ ) : next: z-instr < "ecmtb u +chr* (94)
+CHR* ( 10) , Z*) : I F Z -0THEN230ELSERE
TURN
242 I-l:GOSUB10:GOSUB230:GO8UB8:
RETURN
244 I-IH+l: GOSUB 10 : GOSUB230: GOSU
B8: RETURN
246 IFIMTHENI-I-1
247 GOSUB 1 0 : GOSUB230 : G0SUB8 : RETU
RN
248 IFKIH THENI-I+1
249 GO8UB10:GOSUB230:GOSUB8:RETU
RN
250 MO*— 11 i mtrt " : CLS6 : GOSUB 1 0: GO
SUBB: PRINT "antar 1 ina" : LINEINPUT
C*: IFLEFT* (C*, 1 ) -CHR* (94) THEN260
255 FORJ-IH TOI STEP- 1 : A-VARPTR (
A* ( J ) ) : B-VARPTR ( A* ( J+l ) ) : FORK— 0T
04: POKEB+K, PEEK (A+K) : NEXT: NEXT: I
-i+i: ih-ih+i:a*(d-c*: ifcl<len(A
190 the RAINBOW July 1983
HARDWARE & SUPPLIES
MONITORS
BMC GREEN SCREEN 12”
89.95
COMREX CR 5600
HI-RES MONITORS
12” Green Phosphor 179.95
12” Yellow Phosphor 189.95
12” Amber Phosphor 199.95
COMREX CR 5500
GREEN SCREEN
12” Phosphor Monitor
VIDEO PLUS
(From Computerware)
This unit is so good, we have stopped pro-
ducing our popular video interface kit so
i hat we can supply our customers with the
best unit available. Requires no soldering
or hole cutting for installation. Will work
on ANY composite monitor, color or
monochrome.
Only $24.95
BMC-BM-AU919IU
(13" Color Monitor)
High resolution display monitor produces
an incredibly sharp image. Includes built-
in speaker with audio circuit. Compatible
with virtually any microcomputer.
$344.95
DUAL JOYSTICK UNIT
(D.J.)
Single unit assembly enhances playability
of multi-joystick/player games; conve-
nient press-to-fire buttons
Add $4.00 shipping $35.95
SPLC-I
Lower Case Board
(By Saturn Software)
Plug in board gives true lower case letters
with descenders instead of inverted letters
on your video display. Installation of an
optional switch (not provided) allows in-
verse or standard video with the flip of a
switch. Fits all “E” and later “D” boards.
$59.95
JARB
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
1636 D Avenue, Suite C
National City, CA 92050
(619) 474-6213
MEMORY
UPGRADE KITS
16K RAM CHIPS
* 16K/32K
MEMORY UPGRADE KIT
Eight 200 NS 4116 Factory Prime Chips
with Piggy Backed Sockets, Sam Socket,
Bus Wire, and 32K Ram Sticker. Com-
prehensive Instructions. Recommended
for “D” or earlier, but may be used on
“E”. Only 9 simple solder connections to
kit. None to computer.
$25.95
’ 64 K RAM CHIPS
Eight 200 NS Factory Prime 64k RAM
Chips. Allows you to upgrade “E" board
easily. No soldering needed.
. . . $69.95
NOTE; 64K upgrade will NOT provide
64k ol user Ram. but allows later revision
hoards (E, FT) to run cooler and more ef-
ficiently.
* Installation of these items will void the
Radio Shuck warranty. Radio Shack is a
trademark ol the Tandy ( orp.
NANOS COLOR BASIC
AND EXTENDED
SYSTEM REFERENCE
CARD
“The New Industry Standard"
$4.95
(H e pay postuge on this one)
All types of Nanus cards available
PRINTERS
EPSON PRINTERS
FX-80+ $575.00
RX-80 $449.00
Serial Interface w/4K Buffer
Ideal for 80C use $109.95
80CTO Epson Cable $19.95
See shipping Info
PRINTER ACCESSORIES
Roll Paper Holder (Epson) 30.00
Adjustable Tractor for FX-80 39.95
Also Tractor Fed Mail Labels and
Cassette Labels, Ribbons, etc.
COCO PRINTER PACKAGE
Epson FX-80 and Serial Interface with 4K
Buffer, Cable 674.90
COMREX CR-I
Compaci desk-top daisy wheel
printer, especially designed for word
processing. Assures high reliability,
and produces quiet, high quality
printing. Complete with RS-232 in-
terface.
$810.00
JARB DISK DOUBLER
Why spend twice as much as you
need to for double sided diskettes?
With our doubler, you can make
your own and pay for it with the first
box you double. A must for disk
drive users.
5 1 4 " size only 12.95
BASF DATA CASSETTES
C -05 C -10
Soft Poly Cases Ea. $.20
Hard Shelled Cases Ea. $.22
Cassette Labels (12) Sh. $.36
Cassette Labels Tractor (1000) .... $30.00
Call or write for quantity prices on all
cassette products. Special lengths avail-
able, eg., C-02, etc.
L CINT
Lower case interpreter program allows in-
put of lower case command words to be
accepted. Also allows for one key pause
features and single step through listings.
With instructions and cassette, disk com-
patible $10.95
U.S FUNDS ONLY
C.O.D. ORDERS ACCEPTED
Sorry, no COD. on printers and
monitors.
NO CREDIT CARD ORDERS
1 A IB JpOFTWARE;
? [hardware
COMPUTER PRODUCTS
1636 D Avenue, Suite C
National City, CA 92050
(619) 474-6213
We carry products
from many manufacturers.
If you don’t see it, ask.
SHIPPING AND HANDLING: Printers
and monitors add 3%. Unless otherwise
specified, all other orders $2.00 per order.
California Residents add 6<7o sales tax.
Foe,
exprl
Req
assi
knc/
13'
Cc
U
Wity
lllu
conr,
dollj
Dragon Slayers, Space Pilots, Witch
Doctors, Maze Makers, Professors
and other creative programmers.
We Want You!
Your original Color Computer Soft-
ware program is worth money and we
want to discuss it with you. . .
Earn Top Buck!
WANTED
;f§I
y Mark Data Products
24001 ALICIA PKWY., NO. 226
MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691
(714) 768-1551
_ COMPUTERS -
maq
Com
posS
expe
is f
«•
Growing Company with lots rV'
* ( I > ) 8OSUB300
260 PRINT8480, "command ?"|:0OSUB
270: ONZ GOTO250, 100, 1000: Z-Z-3: C
LS5 : FG- 1 : ONZ 0OSUB202 , 284 , 286 , 28
e: F0-0: 0OTO260
270 PRINT832, "tOP bOTTOM UP/DO
WN ARROWS INSERT CURRENT M
ESSA0E mENU " I : IFFG-1THENRETUR
NELSEFORJ-0TO0: Z*- INKEY*: J- ( Z*-"
■ ) : next: z-instr < * icmtb m +chr* <94>
+CHR* ( 10) , Z*) : I F Z -0THEN27 0ELSERE
TURN
282 i-i:gosubi0:gosub270:0OSUB8:
RETURN
284 I — I H+ 1 : 0OSUB 10: 0O8UB270 : OOSU
B8: RETURN
286 IFI >1THENI— I— 1
287 OOSUB 1 0 : 0OSUB270 : 0OSUB8 : RETU
RN
288 IFKIH THENI-I+1
289 OOSUB 1 0 : 0OSUB270 : 0O8UB8 : RETU
RN
300 FORJ-I TOIH:Fl-0: IFLEN(A*(J)
XCL THENNEXT: RETURN
305 F-INSTR(F1+1, A*(J) , " "):IFF<
CL ANDF< >0THENF 1 -F : GOTO305ELSEC*
-RIGHT* (A* (J) , LEN(A«(J) )-Fl) :A*<
J ) —LEFT ♦ ( A* ( J ) , F 1 )
310 IFJCIH ANDA* ( J+l ) < >" "ANDLEFT
*(A*(J+1) , 1)0" "THENA* (J+l ) — C*+
192 the RAINBOW July 1983
" "+A* (j+l): next: RETURN
313 IFJ-IH THENA* (J+l )-C*: RETURN
320 F0RJ1-IH TOI STEP-1 : A-VARPTR
( A* ( J 1 ) ) : B— VARPTR (A* ( Jl+1 ) ) :FORK
-0TO4: POKEB+K, PEEK (A+K) : NEXT: NEX
t: ih-ih+i:a*(J1+1)-c*:next
400 no*-"d«i«t«":CLS7:0O8UBi0:8O
SUBS: PR I NT "dal at* this lin«7 Y/N
" : FORJ-0TO0: C*-INKEY*: J- (C*-“ H
) : next: ifc*-chr* (94) orc*< >"Y m the
N 410405 FORJ-I TOIH-l: A-VARPTR (A
*(J+1) ) : B- VARPTR (A* (J) ) :FORK-0TO
4 : pokeb+k, PEEK (A+K) : next: next: I-
i-l: IH-IH-1
410 PRINT8480 p "command ?"|:60SUB
420: ONZ BOTO400P 100, 1000: z-z-3: c
LS5:F0-l:ONZ G0SUB442 , 444 , 446 , 44
8 :fg-0:goto410
420 PRINT832, "tOP bOTTOM UP/DO
WN ARR0W8 dELETE CURRENT M
ESSA0E mENU : IFF0-1THENRETUR
NEL8EFORJ-0TO0: Z*-INKEY*: J- ( Z*-"
" ) : next: z-instr ( "dcmtb"+chr* (94)
+CHR* ( 10) , Z«) : I F Z -0THEN420ELSERE
TURN
442 I-l:0OSUB10:GOSUB420:8OSUB8:
RETURN
444 I-IH+l:GO8UB10:0OSUB420:QOSU
B0: RETURN
446 IFIMTHENI— I— 1
447 0O8UB10:0O8UB420:GOSUB8:RETU
RN
448 IFKIH THENI-I+1
449 OOSUB 1 0 : QOSUB420 : 0OSUB8 : RETU
RN
500 CLS8: 0OSUB10: 0OSUB540: 0OSUB8
: PRINT"copy this line? Y?":FORJ-
0TO0: Z*-INKEY*: J- ( z*-" " ) : next: z-
INSTR ( "YCMTB"+CHR* (94) +CHR* ( 10) ,
Z*) : I F Z — 0THEN500
505 ONZ 0OTO510, 100, 1000: Z-Z-3: C
LS8: ONZ 0OSUB542, 544,546,548: 80T
0500
510 C*— A* ( I )
315 CL88 : OOSUB 10: 8OSUB340 : 0OSUB8
: PRINT" inssrt. . . "C*: PRINT"hsrs
? Y?":FORJ-0TO0:Z*-INKEY«: J-(Z*-
" " ) : next: z-instr ( "ycmtb"+chr* (94
) +CHR* ( 10) , Z*) : IFZ— 0THEN513
520 ONZ G0T0323, 100, 1000: Z-Z-3 :C
LS8: ONZ 0OSUB540 , 544 , 546 , 548 : GOT
0515
523 FORJ-IH TOI STEP- 1 : A- VARPTR (
A* ( J ) ) : B-VARPTR (A* (J+l ) ) : FORK-0T
04: POKEB+K, PEEK (A+K) : NEXT: NEXT: I
-i+i: ih-ih+i:a*(i>-c*:goto500
540 PRINT832, "tOP bOTTOM UP/DO
WN ARROWS CURRENT M
ESSA0E mENU " | : RETURN
542 1-1 : RETURN
INTERNATIONAL
COLOR COMPUTER CLUB, INC.
A Non-Profit Educational Corporation
Main Office
2101 E. Main St., Henderson, Texas 75652
Canadian Branch
P.0. Box 7498, Saskatoon, SK S7K— 4L4
WORLD’S LARGEST COLOR COMPUTER CLUB
HERE ARE SOME GOOD REASONS TO JOIN OUR CLUB
1) . FREE PROGRAMS' Good programs written by our members are contained in our library,
in the newsletter, and on the new member tape.
2) . NEWSLETTER. A "magazine" sized newsletter (last issue was 80 pages), with programs,
tips, data, reviews, articles and much more.
3) . NEWSLETTER Tape. A tape of all the programs appearing in the newsletter is available from
the library for $2.00 (to members) or $4.50 (to non-members).
4) . CLUB LIBRARY. The club maintains a library of programs, books, and Radio Shack ROM—
packs. The programs are member written and come six program to a tape
or disk. They are yours to keep; however, there is a small fee to cover the
postage and tape (or disk) of $2.00 ($4.50 for disk). The books and ROM—
packs may be checked out for 3 weeks at a time (extensions possible).
5) . DISCOUNTS. You can get large discounts on many software and hardware items for the
Color Computer from some of the MAJOR companies. Also discounts on
subscriptions to the RAINBOW, Color Computer News, Color Computer
Magazine, Chromasette Magazine, and CoCocassette Magazine(up to 25%).
6) . ADVERTISE FREE. Members may place ads up to % page (classified type) per issue during their
entire membership in the newsletter FREE. Display ads at 25% off. These
ads must be computer related; however.
7) . BORROW PARTS. Don't wait weeks for the parts to come in from Radio Shack! Just check
them out from the Club's Parts library and return them when yours arrive.
8) . SURPRISE. You receive a "New Member" package containing many useful items.
9) . GET HELP. This is the world's largest Color Computer Club. With members in almost
every field of expertise. So if you have a problem with the Color Computer,
we can almost always get you the answer. Put your problem on the Club's
Bulletin Board, write, or call. Telephone No. (214) 657—7834.
10) . FIND FRIENDS. As a new member, you will receive a list of the members in your area on a
quarterly basis whom you may contact for CoCo talk.
HOW TO BECOME A MEMBER::::
Write to the club for an application, there are no conditions for membership other than agreeing
to obey the rules and by-laws, being interested and paying the dues. The membership dues are $30.00
($50.00 outside the U.S.( In Canada it is in Canadian funds) in U.S. funds)per year and we believe you
get more than your moneys worth. You can save more than the memberhip dues in discounts the club
offers to you. Example : Subscription to the RAINBOW, 25% off of the regular subscription rates.
Some members have told me that the new member tape alone is worth the membership dues. It contains
10 very good programs. Some of the programs contained in the library are Accounts Receivable, General
Ledger, Inventory, Sales File and ticket program with automatic Inventory update (for 32K with 2disk )•
There is over 72 programs in the library to choose from ranging from 4K to 64K w/disk.
RAINBOW
C f <*■•()».
SI
344 I-IH+l: RETURN
346 IFI>1THENI-I-1
547 RETURN
548 IFKIH THENI-I+1
549 RETURN
600 P0KE63494, 0: BP-PEEK ( 150) :BU-
IN8TR ( "61841 87 180",RI0HT
*(STR*(BP> ,LEN(8TR*(BP> )-l) ) :BU-
4800 /BU
610 CL8:PRINT«73, "PRINT ROUTINES
" PPf “ CURRENT BAUD RATE -"BU P
TAB <6) "RESET BAUD RATE" PPP " P
RINT TEXT",,,," MENU" :CT— 1
615 CT*-RIGHT*(8TR*(CT) , 1) :LP-IN
8TR ( " 1 2 3",CT*) :LP-LP*32+2:
PRINT0LP, " >" I : FORJ-0TO0S Z*-INKEY
*: j-(Z*-"") : next:print#lp, " "y
620 IFZ*— CHR* < 10) ANDCT< 3THENCT— C
T+ 1 : 80T06 1 5ELSE IFZ*-CHR* ( 94 ) ANDC
T>1THENCT— CT— 1 : 80T0613EL8EIFZ*< >
CHR* (13) THEN6 1 3EL8E0N CT 80T0625
,640, 1000
625 PRINT" : INPUT" ENTER NEW BA
UD RATE 11 1 BU* : BU*-LEFT* ( BU* , 1 ) : BL
-INSTR ( "36124" , BU *) 2 I FBL-0THENPR
I NT 11 baud rata mr r or SOUND 100, 30
: BOTO600
630 BU < 1 ) — 180: BU <2) — 87: BU (3) —41 :
BU (4) —18: BU (5)— 6: POKE 150, BU (BL) :
6OTO600
640 CLSIPRINT0194, "SET TOP OF SH
EET AT PRINTER HEAD AND PR
ESS ANY KE Y ": FOR J-0TO0:J-( INKEY*
-" "): NEXT: LM-INT (80/CL) :FORJ-lTO
5: PRINT#— 2, " "
650 F0RI-1T0IH:PRINT#-2,TAB(LM)A
• ( i ) : next: 6OTO1000
900 CL83: PRINT066, " 8AVE TO TAP
E : PR I NT# 130, " SAVE TO DISK
"I :PRINT®194, " LOAD FROM TAPE"
y :PRINT#258, " LOAD FROM DI8K"y:
CT— 1905 CT*— RIGHT* (STR* (CT) , 1 ) ■ L
P— INSTR <" 123 4" , CT*) : LP— LP*32
+2: PRINT0LP, " >" y : FORJ-0TO0: Z*— IN
KEY*: J-(Z*-"") : NEXT: PRINT0LP, " "
y
910 IFZ*— CHR* ( 10) ANDCT<4THENCT— C
T+l : 8OTO905EL8EIFZ*— CHR* (94) ANDC
T > 1 THENCT — CT— 1 : 8OTO905ELSE I F Z *< >
CHR* (13) THEN905ELSEON CT G0T0914
,911,913,912
911 D-l:PRINT#322, "FILE NAME" y : I
NPUTNA*: GOTO950
912 D-1:PRINT0322, "FILE NAME" y : I
NPUTNA*: GOTO920
913 D— l:PRINT®322, "FILE NAME" y :
I NPUTNA* : 8OTO920
914 D— l:PRINT®322, "FILE NAME " y :
INPUTNA«:PRINT8386, "RUN PAST LEA
DER Y/N": INPUTI*: IFI*-"Y"THENMOT
ORON: FORK— 1TO6000: NEXT: : GOTO950
915 8OTO950
TRS-80* COLOR COMPUTER*
-16K Extended Basic, Menu-Driven, Well-Documented, Easlly-Modtlied.
-For either cassette or diskette systems (Be sure to specify).
-Place an order of at least $40 and get one extra of your choice free.
-Orders shipped on cassette - Add $5 for shipment on diskette.
/f^\
-FURST- "SSSS
-REPORT WRITER-
Data Element Dictionary driven File Update and
Retrieval SysTem. Create and maintain files according
to your specifications. Ideas for applications in-
cluded $25
-MAILING LABELS- SKST
Generate and maintain mailing label records. Selective-
ly print desired quantities. Can keep several label files if
desired. Designed for Printer VII, easily modified. $20
Used in conjunction with FURST to selectively format
reports on your printer. Includes headings and total
capabilities $15
-EXERCISE PLANNER-
Build and maintain complete exercise schedule for
regular and/or weight programs. Display guides you
through daily-calculated routines. Print complete
schedule if desired $15
-DISK DIRECTORY PRINT-
For diskette users only. Get hard copy of disk directories on your printer for easy use and reference. Only $5
Send check or money order to:
1
LAND SYSTEMS
wsr
P.O. Box 232
[ MasterCard 1
'l l
Bellbrook, Ohio 45305
•TRS-80 and COLOR COMPUTER
are Trademarks of Tandy Corp.
194 the RAINBOW July 1983
920 OPEN" I " , D, NA*: 1*0
925 IF EOF (D) THENCL08ED: IH-I : 60
TO 1000
930 I-I+l:LINEINPUT#D ( A*<I) S0OTO
925
950 AUDIOON: 0PEN"0" , D, NA*: FQRI-1
toih: print#d, a* ( I ) : next: closed: i
FCT >0AND D— 1 THENMOTORON : FORK- 1 T
0600: NEXT : MOTOROFF : CT-0ELSE 1 000
1000 CLS3: PRINT041 | "COMMUNICATIO
NS" ! : PRINT973, "WORD PROCESSOR" I :
PRINT9105," VERSION 1.0 "|:PRIN
T0197, "nEW MESSAGE "|:P
RINT9229, "CURRENT MESSAGE
I
1005 PRINT9261, "bULLETIN BOARD L
IMITS" I : PRINT9293, "pRINT MESSAGE
"I :PRINT9325, "»AVE/LOAD
MESSAGE " | : FORJ-0TO0: Z*- INKEY
*: j- < z*-" " ) : next: z-instr < "ncbps"
f Z*> : IFZ— 0THEN1000
1010 ONZ GOTO 1020, 100, 1050,600,9
00
1020 fori-ito30:a*(I)-"":next: i-
0: IH-0
1050 CLS3: PR I NT970, "BULLETIN BOA
RD LIMITS"! :PRINT«166, "CHARACTER
S/LINE "CL| :PRINT0198, "1 INES/ME
S8AQE "LM| 1PRINT9230, "oK AS I
8 " | : FORJ-0TO0: Z*-IN
KEY*: J- < Z*-" " ) : NEXT: Z-INSTR < "CLO
",Z*>:ONZ GOTO 1060, 1070 , 1080
1035 GOTO 1050
1060 C*-"":PRINT0184, " "|:FORK-
0TO1 : FORJ-0TO0: Z*— INKEY*: J— (Z*— "
" ) : NEXT: PRINT11B4+K,, z*i : c*-c*+z*
:next:cl-val(C*> : goto 1050
1070 C*— " " : PRINT0216, " "|:FORK-
0TO1 : FORJ-0TO0: Z*- INKEY*: J- ( z*«"
" ) : NEXT: PRINT0216+K, Z*| : C*-C*+Z*
: next: lm-val <c*> : goto 1050
1080 IFIH-0THEN100ELSEIFIH>LM th
ENCLS 3: PRINT9168, "CURRENT MES8AQ
E"! :PRINT®299, " HAS MORE LINES "
! :PRINT0232, "THAN LIMIT SET."|:P
RINT9296, " PRESS ANY KEY "|:PRIN
T9328, 11 TO CONTINUE "|:FORJ-0TO
0: J- ( INKEY*-" " ) : NEXT
1090 I-l:GOSUB300: GOTO 100
2000 CLEAR 5000 D I MA* ( 50 )
2010 cl-64:lm-16:a-0:b-0:k-0
2100 GOTO 1000
10000 AUDIOON: INPUT"RUN PAST LEA
DER Y/N"| I*: IF I *-"Y" THENMOTORON:
FORX-1TO6000: NEXT
10010 forc-ito 2 :csave"commwp":mo
toron: forx— 1TO600: next: next: moto
ROFF'END
11000 PCLEAR 1 : GOTO2000
x / / JFD - COCO DISC
/ / / i |J-
J & M Systems, Ltd. is a leader in the Model III
marketplace with our JFD-III Disc Controller. With
thousands in operation, we have set new standards
in controller performance and reliability. We bring
these same high standards to the COCO, resulting
in the highest quality disc controller system on the
market. Compare these functions before you buy:
/ I 1 f
• Price. $449 includes controller, first drive, disc
basic in ROM, and manuals. Just plug it in. jl
• Never needs adjusting. Our exclusive Digital jl
Phase Lock Loop Data Separator and Digital Pre- J j
comp Circuit eliminates the 3 adjustments found mi
on other controllers. /
High quality standard production disc drives. For
improved service and reliability. Tandon & Teac
drives provide twice the read sensitivity that the
drives found in other disc systems do, and hold
their alignment far longer. /
Gold-plated card edge connectors throughout.
Software compatible with Radio Shack Disc
Basic, Flex, and OS/9. j
J & M Systems, Ltd., 137 Utah NE, Albuquerque
(505) 265-1501 /
SYSTEM- $449
,N.M. 87108
«4A
J&M SYSTEMS, LTD.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 195
Doin’ the Hi-Res Shuffle
Program
By
Phillip Beistel
Shuffle is one of three programs on the Rainbow
'Record. 'See page 146.
I f you’ve ever shuffled little numbered plastic squares
around on a palm-sized plastic board, trying to order
them chronologically, you know the game called Shuffle.
Whether in its solid form it was called that or something else.
I’m unsure. Nevertheless, it was always enjoyable — an estab-
lished item in that revolving crop of kid-crazes which
included the yo-yo. Hula hoop and Gumbo shooter.
In its computerized form, the game gives up its pocket
portability, but it gains in pizazz with some very nicely done
(Mr. Beistel has been associated with large computer
hardware and software for nearly 15 years and has
been writing 80 C software during the last three years.)
FLY the FIS
Instrument
Flight
Simulator
Variable control sensitivity for
beginner or expert. Navigate a
new course each flight or do
aerobatics. Instrument takeoffs
and landings. Get yours now to
be elgible for future low cost
upgrades. Specify 16K or 32K.
Tape $19.95 Disk $21.95
LPVII/DMPIOO Descenders
Its as if your printer had built
in descenders. Load, execute, and
forget its there. The lowercase
set : abcdef ghi jk 1 mncpqrstuvwxyz
16K/32K Tape or Disk $14.95
Add $1.00 Shipping on all orders.
KRT Software 813 - 321-2840
P O Box 41395
St Petersburg, FI 33743
hi-res graphics. Phillip Beistel’s outstanding version of this
classic, by the way, is not only listed here, but is also one of
the three programs on our Rainbow “Record” which you
will find on page 146.
Shuffle has a couple of quite interesting features: the most
obvious is the flashing name at the top of the screen. The
routine starting at line 46 does the flashing. Also, Phillip
uses the keyboard rollover table to allow faster access of the
keyboard. You'll find this within the line 46 routine, as well.
The game will randomly place 15 numbers inside a 4 x 4
matrix. The object is to rearrange the numbers into ascend-
ing order by using the arrow keys to move the blank square
and, consequently, the numbers, around the screen. If you
get frustrated, you can quit at any time by pressing the “Q”
key. When the game is either finished, or you quit, the
number of moves and the time used is displayed.
We think this is an excellent quality game, worthy of its
inclusion in our first “record,” and hope you will take advan-
tage of this for easy loading. For those who prefer the direct
approach, we give you the following listing.
The listing:
. . 01D3
26 ... .
. . 0472
38 ... .
. . 0727
50 ... .
. . 0A77
70 ... .
. .0C1F
90 ... .
. . 0F17
END .
.. 1044
1 RUN6
2 7 SHUFFLE
3 7 by PHIL BEISTEL
4 7 1439 ARNOLD ST.
5 7 PGH, PA. 15220
6 IF PEEK (&HC000) =126 AND PEEK<&
HC001 ) =126 THEN POKE65495,0
8 XR=RND (-TIMER) :GOTO109
9 CLS (RND (8) > : PRINTS1 1 , " 7 SHUFFLE
7 "5 IPRINT096, " ARRANGE THE NUMBE
RS FROM 1 TO": PRINT" 15, UPPER L
EFT TO LOWER RIGHT. PRINT" USE
THE ARROW KEYS TO MOVE. "
10 PRINTS22B, "DUPLICATE THIS PAT
TERN: :PRINT@298, " 123 4"S
:PRINT@330," 567 8";:PRINT@
362," 9 10 11 12"; :PRINT@394, "13
14 15 ";
196 the RAINBOW July 1983
LEARN A SECOND LANGUAGE ON YOUR
COLOR COMPUTER • NEW • EXCITING • EASY
Creative Courseware using the latest
technology and Professional Programming
• Fulfill your educational objectives
• Have fun learning a new language
• Expand your children’s horizons.
• Improve your job potential
• Young and old can learn
• Affordable, only pennies per hour.
Our Lessons Teach You to
HEAR and THINK in a
Second Language
These lessons are for you if you:
• Think you can’t learn
• Have had previous difficulties
• Want to start out right
• Want language success
• SEE — High quality visuals, not dotted graphics
• HEAR — High quality audio as spoken by natives
• UNDERSTAND — Through programmed instruction
• RESPOND — Branching, and looping insure learning.
Lessons Now Available in
Spanish, English and
French
• Color Computer with 16K RAM
and tape recorder required
• SLU-1: People, Persons & Family
• SLU-2: Stand, Walk & Run
• SLU-3: Smile, Eat & Talk
• SLU-4: House
• SLU-5: Open & Closed
• SLU-6: Furniture & Appliances
• SLU-7: Meals
• Vocabulary #1, 2 & 3: 200 words each
Other Lessons and
Languages Available Soon
Special Values
Special Value #1
SLU 1 -3, VOCAB 1 , and Lesson Control
A $129.75 Value for only $99.95.
SV-1 (specify language desired) $99.95
Special Value #2
SLU 1-7, VOCAB 1-3, and Lesson Control
A $249.45 Value for only $199.95.
SV-2 (specify language desired). . . $1 99.95
Demonstration Lesson (for the doubter)
DEMO-1 $9.95
Individual Lessons:
(specify language desired)
Second Language Usage (SLU) $19.95
Vocabulary (SL) $19.95
Lesson Control: (only one copy needed
for all lessons and languages)
LC-CC $49.50
HOW TO HEAR AND THINK IN A SECOND LANGUAGE
Skilled linguists have developed our series of second language programs. The lessons utilize the power of programmed
instruction wherein you are advanced to new material only after satisfactory learning has occurred at the current level. Our
techniques teach you how to think in a language without initially using any printed text material. No mental translation to your
native language is required. You learn as a child does, hearing and speaking before reading. The computer both tutors and
keeps track of progress as it moves you forward (or backward when review is necessary). AUDIO plus VISUALS plus
INTERACTIVE RESPONSE establish the learning process, and literally THOUSANDS of visuals help seal-in the sound patterns
of your new language.
All of our lessons are interactive and user friendly; yet, you are unaware of the complex course structure involved. For
example: Lesson SLU-1 uses the theme of PEOPLE, PERSONS & FAMILY to teach the use of nouns to name things, to classify
them into categories, and to identify members of a group. Sentence structure is developed using the verb ‘be’ and its relationship
to nouns and adverbs, including plural forms and inversions. Noun structure using definite and indefinite articles, and regular
and irregular plural forms is also presented. The other lessons are similarly designed. In addition, each VOCABULARY LESSON
presents approximately 200 visuals and 200 words that are integrated into the learning process.
While the foregoing might seem complex, and it is, IT IS ALSO THE REASON OUR COURSEWARE CAN TEACH
LANGUAGES. If you have tried 'game' or ‘tape’ language programs you know that they are ineffective. Our programs can teach
you a language because we have successfully combined expert authoring of programmed courseware with audio & visuals &
response & branching into a powerful tutorial package.
DEALER INQUIRIES ACCEPTED
We have a broad range of Audio
Visual Computer Aided Instruc-
tion under development. Some
users of our courseware might
include Day Care Centers,
Schools (public and private),
institutions in various categories,
individuals and language tutors.
ABSOLUTELY NO RISK
You may examine your
order for 15 days. If you de-
cide not to take advantage
of the lesson(s) simply re-
turn in good condition for a
full refund or cancellation
of credit card charges.
*WE PAY UPS IN USA
(street address required for UPS)
•Add S2 00 if US Mail desired.
•Add 15% for foreign. APO & FPO
(Remit in US Funds)
•Virginia Orders add 4% sales tax
•Mail credit card orders please
include all card information
WE ACCEPT
• VISA and
MASTER CARD
• Money Orders
• Certified Checks
• Other Checks (must
clear before shipment)
FREE ORDER LINE
1-800-368-6300
* * *
FOR VIRGINIA ORDERS
AND OTHER CALLS:
1 -804-463-6300
BASIC PROGRAMS, INC.
236 Mustang Trail, #102
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
11 DIM A<4,4) ,B<16) :X16=0: Y16=0:
M=0: ZT=0
12 S*="T200L200O4V31? l; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6
;7;8;9; 10; ll; 12; ll; 10;9":T*="T10
0;L100V31;O4; l; 12"
13 F0RX=1T04:F0RY»1T04: A<X, Y)=0:
NEXTY: NEXTX : SCREEN0, 0: F0RX=1T016
:b<X)=x:nextx
14 F0RX=1T04:F0RY=1T04
15 D=RND (16)
16 IF B ( D > =0 THEN 15
17 IF D=16 THEN X16=X:Y16=Y
18 A(X, Y)=B<D) :B(D)=0: NEXTY, X
19 PMODE 1,1: PCLS
20 DRAW"C2; S8; BM72, 4; BD1D1F1R3F1
D2G 1 L3H 1 BU5E 1 R3F 1 BR4BU 1 ; D7U4R5NU
3D4 ; BR4BU7D6F 1R3E1 U6BR4NR5D3NR4D
4BR5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4BR5; BR4BU7D
7R5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4R5 "
21 DRAW " C3 ; S4; BM28, 28; R203; D163;
L203; U163"
22 PAINT <40, 30) ,2,3
23 DRAW"C3;S4;R51;D163;R51;U163;
R5 l ; D 1 63 ; R50 ; U40 ; L203 ; U41 ; R203 ; U
41; L203 "
24 60SUB52
25 F0RX=1T04: F0RY=1T04
26 PLAY T*:X*=STR*< < <X-l)*50)+32
) :Y*=STR*< < <Y-l)*40)+32) : ON A<X
C~ 'N
SF> SOFTWARE^
FOUR NEU PROGRAMS FOR YOUR COLOR COMPUTER
SPDUMP A screen duap routine of 360 bytes of fasti
relocatable aachine language code. All PMODESi color
PMODES in 4 B&W shadesi twice size option in PMODES 3
or 4, position duap on paper, inverse iaage option, do
tore than 1 screen as for MPP graphics. Works on
DMP2B0 LPVII etc. Coaes with BASIC instructions. Needs
BAS1C1.1 or an Bbit printer fix. On tape. $16
CONCPOLY Use this aenu driven prograa to design and
draw a fantastic variety of intricate and colorful
patterns, suitable for duap to a printer, includes
exaaples and instructions. Works in a 16K coaputer,
EXT. or DISK BASIC. Coaes on tape. $8
SIXFOURK Use your 64K coaputer froa BASIC. This
prograa allows you to inspect RAM, wove ROM to RAM and
run it there, disable DISK or EXT. BASIC, and nake
setups with graphics, prograa, strings, and USR in
upper or lower RAH to get the best use of RAM. The
prograa does the setups and includes tutorials and
instructions to let you aake setups. On tape. $20
ROTWORLD This showy prograa for the 64K coaputer will
display a rotating color globe of the earth. You get
20 fraaes of a PM0DE1 globe which is loaded into 60K
of RAM by a driver prograa plus an instruction prograa
all on disk to show off your 64K color coaputer. $25
Free little graphics prograa with order or request for
our catalog. For fast service send check or HO to:
SP SOFTWARE, 1102 BILTHORE, LYNCHBURG VA 24502
V /
, Y) GOTO 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36
, 37, 38, 39, 40,41, 42, 43, 44
27 PRINT0483, " (PRESS ANY KEY TO
PLAY. >"; I I *= INKEY*
28 I *= INKEY*: IF I*=»" THEN 28 EL
SE SCREEN 1,0:GOTO53
29 DRAW " C4 ; S8 ; BM " +X*+ " , " +Y*+ " BD5
BR8E3D 1 3NL3R3 " : G0T044
30 DRAW"C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD6
BR8U2E 1 R6F 1D4G1 L7D6R7 " : G0T044
31 DRAW ,, C4;S8;BM ,, +X*+", "+Y*+ ,, BD2
BR6R6F 1 D4G 1 NL4F 1 D4G 1 L6 " : G0T044
32 DRAW"C4j S8; BM"+X*+" , "+Y*+"BD2
BR 1 2ND 1 4G8R 12": G0T044
33 DRAW"C4; S8; BM"+X*+" , "+Y*+"BD3
BR6NR8D6R7F 1 D4G 1 L7H 1 U2 " : G0T044
34 DRAW"C4; S8; BM"+X*+" , ,, +Y*+"BD3
BR7R6F 1 H 1 L6G 1 D 1 0F 1 R6E 1 U6H 1 L6G 1 " :
G0T044
35 DRAW"C4; S8; BM"+X*+" , "+Y*+"BD3
BR6R 1 0G2D 1 G2D 1 G2D 1 G2D 1 " : G0T044
36 DRAW" C4; S8; BM"+X*+" , "+Y*+"BD2
BR8R6F 1 D4G 1 L6H 1 U4NE 1 D4F 1 G 1 D5F 1 R6
E1U5H1":G0T044
37 DRAW"C4; S8; BM"+X*+" , "+Y*+"BD3
BR8R6F 1D4G1 L6H 1 U4NE 1 D4F 1 R6G6 " : GO
T044
38 DRAW"C4; S8j BM" +X*+" , "+Y*+"BD5
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR4R4E 1U10H1L4G1D10
F1":G0T044
39 DRAW"C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD4
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR4R2NR2U 1 2G2 " : GOTO
44
40 DRAW " C4; S8; BM " +X*+ " , " +Y*+ " BD5
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR4NR5U6R4U 1 R 1 U4L 1 U
1L3D1L1 " : G0T044
41 DRAW"C4j S8» BM"+X*+" , "+Y*+"BD4
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR4R4E 1 U4H 1 NL3E 1 U4H
1L4" X G0T044
42 DRAW"C4;S8;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD4
BR4E2D 1 2NR2L2BR 1 2U 1 2G6R8 " : G0T044
43 DRAW"C4;SB;BM"+X*+", "+Y*+"BD5
BR4E2D 1 2NL2R2BR3BU 1 NU2F 1 R6E 1 U4H 1
L6U6R7" : G0T044
44 IF M< >0 THEN RETURN ELSE NEXT
Y, X
45 G0T027
46 DRAW " C2; S8; BM72, 4; BD1D1F1R3F1
D2G1L3H1 BU5E 1 R3F 1 BR4BU 1 ; D7U4R5NU
3D4 ; BR4BU7D6F 1R3E1 U6BR4NR5D3NR4D
4BR5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4BR5; BR4BU7D
7R5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4R5"
47 IF PEEK <339) =251 OR PEEK <341)
=247 OR PEEK (342) =247 OR PEEK <34
3) =247 OR PEEK <344) =247 THEN 50
48 DRAW"C3j S8; BM72, 4; BD1D1F1R3F1
D2G 1L3H1 BU5E 1 R3F 1 BR4BU 1 ; D7U4R5NU
3D4 ; BR4BU7D6F 1 R3E 1 U6BR4NR5D3NR4D
4BR5; BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4BR5; BR4BU7D
7R5j BU7BR4NR5D3NR4D4R5 "
198 the RAINBOW July 1983
,*
THE ALTERNATIVE
COLOR COMPUTER
DISK SYSTEMS
® 449 «
40 TRACK
DRIVE
ROM SOFTWARE
A Full Featured
Basic Compatible DOS
200 K BYTES
USER STORAGE
8 :r 400 K BYTES
USER STORAGE
INCLUDES: TC-99 Disk Controller W/CCMD 9 DOS
ROM • 40 Or 80 Track Disk Drive • Power supply •
Case • 2 Drive Cable • 9 Disk utility Programs
• CCEDT9 Disk Text Editor • Disk Text Processor i
Manufactured Under License From Tall Crass Technologies
Editor /Assembler CO-RES9
LexL Pro TL
CO-RES9 is a co-resident Editor/Assembler that
will allow you to create, edit and assemble
machine language programs for the color com-
puter. it will quickly and efficiently convert
assembly language programs into machine code
files. It will output machine object code to either
cassette tape in a CLOADM' compatible format or
directly to memory for direct execution. MQty)
CO-RES9 editor/ assembler tape ONLY
w/manuai $39.95- $29.95
R.S. DISK EDITOR & ASSEMBLER Disk
w/ manual ,$79-.95 $49.95
"The Professional’s word Processor”
TEXT PROCESSOR FEATURES TEXT EDITOR FEATURES
• Character Fin • Single Keystroke Edit
• programmable Footer command
• Right Justify Line • Append Files from Tape or Disk
• Multiple Footnotes , - Fully integrated Disk FHe
• Three indent Modes : Handler
• Three Programmable Headers : • Edit or Process Files Larger
• Ten Programmable Tab Stops Than Memory
• Margin Justification • (No conversion Required) Fully
Left & Right ASC II compatible
• Decimal Align, Center, Left & • Full Featured Line Oriented
Right Justify on Tab column Screen Editor
• Display 8 input from Keyboard • Search and Replace Any
• Change Formatting During Character Pattern
Processing • Copy, Move or Delete Lines
or Blocks of Text
• Edit Basic, Text or Assembler
Files
text PRO II Features Over 70 commands in All. Disk ... $79.95
DATA PACK
TERMINAL PACKAGE
Full Text Buffering
Terminal Baud Rates 300 To 9600 Baud
Automatic word wrap Eliminates Split words
Full/Half Duplex
Automatic File Capture
Programmable word Length, Parity & Stop Bits
Automatic Buffer Size At Memory Limit
Save & Load Text Buffer To Tape Or Disk
Send Files Directly From Buffer Or Disk
Full Disk Support For Disk Version
Printer Baud Rates 110-4800
Send Control Codes From Keyboard
ASCII Compatible File Format rainbow
• Display On Screen Or Output Contents Of Buffer
To Printer
we also have a disk version available called "DISKPACK."
it includes all the commands mentioned plus com-
mands for disk control. They include: Disk Load, Disk
Save, Directory, Send Disk File and Kill Disk File. As usual
all files are Basic Compatible ASCII formatted files
which are also compatible with our Text Editor and
word Processor programs.
Datapack on tape w/ manual $24.95
Diskpack for R.S. disk w/ manual $49.95
^ Diskpack for ccmd 9 w/manuai $39.95
5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89110
(702) 452-0632
All Orders Shipped
From Stock
Add $2.50
Postage
49 IF PEEK <339) 0251 AND PEEK <34
1)0247 AND PEEK (342) 0247 AND P
EEK <343) 0247 AND PEEK <344) 0247
THEN 46
50 RETURN
51 PAINT < < <X16-1 ) *50) +32, < <Y16-1
) *40) +32) ,2, 3: RETURN
52 PAINT < < < X 16— 1 ) *50) +32, < < Y16— 1
) *40 ) +32 >,4,3: RETURN
53 TIMER=0
54 M= 1 : G0SUB46
55 IF PEEK <339) =251 THEN 108
56 ZT=ZT+1
57 IF PEEK <341) =247 THEN 62
58 IF PEEK <342) =247 THEN 75
59 IF PEEK <343 >=247 THEN 68
60 IF PEEK <344) =247 THEN 81
61 B0T054
62 IF Y16=4 THEN SOUND 1 00, 1 : GOTO
54
63 G0SUB51
64 A<X16, Y16)=A<X16, Y16+1)
65 X=X16: Y=Y16:G0SUB26
66 Y 1 6= Y 16+1: G0SUB52
67 G0T087
68 IF XI 6=4 THEN SOUND 1 00, 1 : GOTO
54
69 G0SUB51
Co Co - Cooler (St
• Brings operating
temperature
to ambient,
regardless
of
accessory
load
• Reduces temperature
of ENTIRE computer . .
not just the SAM chip
• Easy 1-minute installation • $39.95
Companion Keyboard Cover $7.95
Co Co Software
• Send For Free Catalog • For Fastest Service
Send Money Order Or Certified Check • Add
$2.00 Shipping Charge Per Order • Calif.
Residents Add 6W% Sales Tax • All Merchandise
Shipped From Stock •
REM Industries , Inc .
9420 "B” LurlineAve., Chatsworth, CA 91311
(213) 341-3719
70 A<X16,Y16) =A < X 1 6+ 1 , Y 1 6 )
71 X=X16:Y=Y16: G0SUB26
72 X 1 6= X 1 6+ 1 : G0SUB52
73 G0T087
74 END
75 IF Y16=l THEN SOUND 1 00, 1 : GOTO
54
76 G0SUB51
77 A<X16,Y16) = A < X 1 6 , Y 1 6— 1 )
78 X=X16: Y=Y16:G0SUB26
79 Y 1 6= Y 16—1: G0SUB52
80 G0T087
81 IF X 16=1 THEN SOUND 1 00, 1 : GOTO
54
82 G0SUB51
83 A<X16,Y16) = A < X 1 6— 1 , Y 1 6 )
84 X=X16: Y=Y16:G0SUB26
85 X 1 6= X 1 6— 1 : G0SUB52
86 G0T087
87 IF A < 1 , 1 ) =1 AND A<2,1>=2 AND
A <3, 1 ) =3 AND A < 4 , 1 ) =4 AND A<1,2>
=5 AND A <2, 2) =6 AND A <3, 2) =7 AND
A <4, 2) =8 AND A < 1,3) =9 AND A <2, 3
)=10 AND A<3,3>=11 AND A<4,3)=12
AND A<1,4)=13 AND A<2,4)=14 AND
A <3, 4) =15 THEN 89
88 G0T054
89 WN=TIMER:CLS(RND<8> )
90 SC= 1 : FORQ= 1 TO 1 0
91 SCREEN 1, SC
92 PLAY S$
93 IF SC=1 THEN SC=0:GOTO95
94 SC=1
95 NEXT Q
96 PRINT@99, " YOU COMPLETED THE
PUZZLE
97 PRINT® 138, " IN" ; ZT; "MOVES " ;
98 SC=1
99 SQ=INT<WN/60) :MQ=INT<SQ/60> IS
Q=SQ-MQ*60
100 IF MQ=0 THEN 102
101 PRINT@170, MQ5"MIN. AND";SQ;
"SEC. "5 : GOTO 103
102 PRINTQ170, SQ; "SEC. " ;
103 PRINTQ481, "PRESS Y TO TRY AG
AIN. N TO END";
104 I*=INKEY*: IF 1*="" THEN 104
105 IF I*="Y" THEN M=0; CLS <RND <8
> > :PRINT@200, " RESTARTING ";:TIM
er=0: zt=0:gotoi2
106 IF I*<>"N" THEN 104
107 CLS <RND <8> ) : PRINT0203, "T. T. F
. N . " ; : PR I NT@448 , " BYE-BYE " ; : P0KE6
5494,0: NEW
108 CLS ( RND < 8 ) ) : PR I NT® 1 02 , " YOU
GAVE UP AFTER " ; : PR I NT® 1 38 , ZT ; " M
OVES AND " ; : WN=T I MER : G0T098
109 PCLEAR2: G0T09
200 the RAINBOW July 1983
Software Review
Stock Option Strategies
For Experienced Traders
Stock options — Ah, visions of gleaming Rolls Royces, a
seaside hideaway in the Caribbean, and me sipping rum
drinks with bits of tropical fruit floating in them. All this and
more drifted through my mind as I gazed at the Stock
Option Strategies cassette in my hand.
Stock options offer the potential of immense gains for
relative small investments, they also have a darker side — the
possibility of sudden and complete loss of your investment.
The question was would this program and my trusty 80-C
be able to guide me around the pitfalls of sudden loss and to
a life of ease and plenty which I so justly deserve?
I’m sad to report that this review is being typed into my
CoCo in the somewhat cluttered office of my home, instead
of overlooking blue waters with a tanned companion at my
side.
Advertising for the Stock Option Strategies program
states that the program allows you to devise your own stock
option strategies. Alas, the program did not allow me to do
so. The problem lies more with the documentation than the
program.
Program documentation only consists of a % page
xeroxed copy of typed instructions. Assumptions are made
that the user is familiar with all the terminology of buying
stock options, how they work and where to find the neces-
sary information.
For instance, if you know what a strike price is, you’re
OK, if not, forget it, Charlie. The only hint as to where to
find necessary information is a reference advising you to
consult the Wall Street Journal.
A common mistake has been made by the author in
asuming that the user has a working knowledge of the
specific activities associated with the program. The program
makes sense to the author, so it must be fine. Testing the
program with end users ofter leads to adding needed addi-
tional explanations and instructions.
Documentation on a program of this type should include
an explanation of how stock options are traded and a com-
plete and concise set of definitions for all requested
INPUTS.
Instructions on how to “test run” a few examples to
familarize yourself with the programs operation should also
be included so that the user can become comfortable with
the program before taking a plunge with more than monop-
oly money. The single paragraph explanation of the mecha-
nisms involved in stock option trading is just not enough.
The program itself does not offer the “bells and whistles”
one expects from a professionally marketed, business-
oriented program. The frills, like a colorful title page, are
missing, but more important options, like saving your data
and results to disk or tape for later retrieval, or printing your
data on a printer, are also missing.
The program has a routine which graphs future stock
prices in color and shows the resultant gains and losses.
Overall, the detail and presentation of Stock Option
Strategies is not what I would expect from a tape available
from a mailorder software marketer.
Greentree Software has missed regarding their target
audience. In its existing form, it is most usable only by those
now actively involved in stock option trading. I cannot
recommend this program to those interested in learning
about stock options before investing. As mentioned before,
the problem lies more with incomplete documentation than
the program itself.
Stock Option Strategies requires 16K.
(Greentree Software, P.O. Box 97, Greenwood, IN 46142,
$14.95)
—Bruce Rothermel
Hint . . .
Saving In ASCII
When you SAVE programs, CoCo can perform this
function in two ways, by using binary codes or actual letters
and numbers (called ASCII and pronounced AS-KEY).
Although it takes longer, ASCII sometimes is a more
accurate way to SAVE a program, especially when you may
be transferring programs between systems — say from a disk-
based to a cassette-based system.
To SAVE in ASCII, simple add a comma and an “A”to
the end of your SAVE instruction, like this: CSAVE
“PROGRAM”, A and the ASCII SAVE will be done by
CoCo.
— — ★ ★ CoCo T-SHIRTS ★ ★ —
HANES QUALITY - TAN WITH COLORFUL GRAPHICS
GREAT FOR INDIVIDUALS AND CLUBS
SIZES: SM, MED, LG, XLG CHILDS 10/12, 14/16
PRICES: $6.95 EA. OR 2-5 AT $6.50 EA.,
6-11 AT $6.25 EA., OR 12 & UP AT $5.95 EA.
SPECIFY QUANTITY AND SIZE WHEN ORDERING
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
CoConut Products
6400 N.W. 34th AVE., FT. LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA 33309
SEND $1.00 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING
July 1983 the RAINBOW 201
Memory
Brain Strain With Schmaltz
By Jim Schmidt
Memory is several things at once. Obviously, it’s a game.
But it is also something of a memory trainer. Based on sound
research, the concepts it uses are valid and real. It remains to
be seen, however, if the memory improvement one seems to
experience will last.
The use of simple ASCII character graphics along with
sound, and care taken in the borders of the instructions give
added interest, I hope, to the program.
All of us have purchased programs that perform quite
well in their functions, but have such minor imperfections as
misspelled words, words broken on the screen, vague
instructions, and endless black text on green. It seems that
having gotten the program to run properly, the programmer
quits! Not much (if any) thought is given to packaging and
eye appeal.
Memory is perhaps the other extreme. 1 normally would
not load up such a simple game with as much gingerbread. It
was done primarily to illustrate some of the things that can
be done quite easily.
— SPECTACULATOR TO ASCI
— ASCII TO SPECTACULATOR —
Use Your Word Processing Program
To Include Spectacul ator Tables In Your
Reports
Run Spectacul ator On Data Files Created
Outside 0+ Spectacul ator
Spectran is a easy to use program for unleashing the
power of Disk Spec tacul ator . ML makes it quick. Works
with ASCII compatible WP programs on 16K or 32K Disk
systems. Use spreadsheet tables in your reports. Use
downloaded data in Spectacul ator . Easy to follow manual
with examples. On diskette for $25.00 postpaid.
DISK UTILILTY PACKAGE
DIRDUPL -
Simple program for protecting and restoring many
bombed diskettes.
DISKLDOK -
-> Disk utility program to examine and change
data bytes on diskettes.
— > File analysis.
• -> List granules allocated to a disk file.
— > Alter Directory contents.
-> Simultaneous listing of diskette data contents
in ASCII and HEX formats.
-> User friendly.
The DISK UTILITY PACKAGE including DIRDUPL, DISKLOOK,
and manuals on diskette for $15.00 postpaid.
INTRODUCTORY OFFER!
For a limited time, if you order Spectran at $25.00 we
will include the DISK UTILITY PACKAGE and manuals at no
extra cost. Now that's a bargain!
CRIMSON SOFTWARE
The RESEARCH ASSOCIATES Group
32 Beverly Heights
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35404
Regardless of what program you’re working on, I don’t
think it ever hurts to throw in a little schmaltz!
Memory is one of three programs on the Rainbow
‘Record. 'See page 146.
For those with I6K
r
30 ... .
. . 0049
1440
. 13D3
machines, a PC LEAR 1
150. . .
. 01CB
1620 .
. 16B5
will be needed prior to
480...
. . 05A6
1770 .
. . 1922
CLOA Ding to provide
760...
. 08D4
2040
. 1C8D
enough free memory to
920. . .
. . 0B98
3055
. 1FEE
load the program.
1100 .
. . 0E71
11500
. . 22A9
The listing:
1260 .
. . 111B
END .
. . 25F3
10 ’ THE MEMORY BUILDER
20 ' A LEARNING GAME BY
30 ' JIM SCHMIDT
40 ’ 196 A ARLENE CT.
50 ' WHEELING, IL.
60 ' 60090
62 CLS0
63 POKE280, PEEK (275)
64 CLEAR 1000
65 GOSUB 10000
67 GOTO30000
70 GOSUB 1980
80 ’ ENTRY FOR RERUN
90 CLS0
100 GOSUB2200 : PR I NTS 1 28 , " WAN
T INSTRUCTIONS? - < Y/N) " : P0KE1 15
2 , DB : POKE 1 1 83 , DB
110 A$=INKEY$: IF A$=" " THEN 110
120 IF A$=" Y" THEN GOSUB 750
1 30 CLS0 : GOSUB2200 : PR I NTS 128,"
NUMBER OF STRINGS (1-9)": POKE
1 152, DB: P0KE1 183, DB
140 AI$=INKEY$: IF AI$= M " THEN 140
(Mr. Schmidt is a professional in data processing.
Currently, he is a Senior System Analyst and special-
izes in financial! business software and systems develop-
ment.)
202 the RAINBOW July 1983
CoCo
t Watehousa
NOW THE BEST IS
EVEN BETTER!
MASTER CONTROL II
from Soft Sector Marketing
The best doesn’t always cost more and
MASTER CONTROL is a good example. What
would you be willing to pay for a program that
would cut your typing time by more than 50%
and eliminate hours of debugging because
you misspelled a command word? For example
the command STRINGSfrequires nine strokes,
with MASTER CONTROL II you only require
two strokes. Just hit the down arrow key twice
and it's done, and no mistakes. That is just one
of the 50 pre-programmed commands avail-
able to you. If that isn’t enough you also have
the ability to customize your own keytoentera
statement or command, correctly, automatically
every time. But thats not all, how about auto-
matic line numbering. Just enter the starting
number and the increment you want and
MASTER CONTROL II will do it for you. You
also have direct control of MOTOR, AUDIO
and TRACE plus a direct RUN key. Sounds
great? Well thousand of color computer owners
have been enjoying these features for years.
But now the new MASTER CONTROL II also
has the following features:
* New plastic overlay that can be removed
when you are not using MASTER
CONTROL II.
* New documentation, to help you get the
most from the program.
* New repeating keyboard.
* New-now loads to disk with appropriate
disk commands.
List price $19.95
Introductory price
Sr| J 86
Plus $2.50 Shipping & Handling
SAVE A BUCK...Order the NANOS Color
Basic and Extend pocket card with your
MASTER CONTROL II and you get this $4.95
value for only $3.95 extra. (NANOS pocket
card not sold separately.)
only
$14.95
plus $2.50
shipping
&£tS
for THE
COLOR
COMPUTER.
A MUST BOOK
for the
Color
computer
owner!
ORDER YOUR COPY TODAY1
The first document to provide information that will
allow the user to take advantage of all the features of
the Color Computer. Aimed at the machine language
user.
The FACTS attempts to explain, and describes in
detail, how the user can make use of the computers
internal features Divided into two sections: Hardware
and software; the primary emphasis is on hardware
capabilities and circuits. Provides detailed explan-
ations of all the internal large scale integrated
circuits.
SPECIALS
DONKEY KING
by Tom Mix Software
Exciting sound-Realistic graphics. Never
before have you seen a game like this for your
CoCo. Four graphic screens just like the
actual arcade games.
Requires 32K TAPE...S1 9.95
IF YOU DON’T HAVE 32K ORDER THE RAM
SLAM. THIS SIMPLE KIT TO UPGRADE
YOUR COCO TAKES LESS THAN 30 MINUTES
TO INSTALL. NO SOLDERING REQUIRED...
only $49.95
KEYS of the
WIZARD
By Spectral Associates
Keys of the Wizard is a fast-
action. Machine language ad-
venture game filled with tricks,
traps, treasures and creatures
all of which are randomized at
the beginning of each adven-
ture so that no adventure will
ever be exactly the same. Three
different skill levels to choose
from. Cassette only.
Reg. $19.95 $16.95
MAGIC BOX
By Spectral Associates
Magic Box is a special pur-
pose utility designed to load
TRS80 Model I and II! 50
Baud Basic programs into the
Color Computer. Makes avail-
able a wide selection of soft-
ware. Magic Box DOES NOT
convert Machine language pro-
grams Requires 16K Extended
BASIC.
Reg. $24.95 $21.95
DOODLE BUG
by Computerwore
You must hustle your lady bug through an
intricate maze of barriers and turnstiles, while
trying to earn points by eating all the dots, letters
and hearts. Enemy bugs buzz after you and
you must avoid the skulls! Exquisite sound
adds to the excitement. A must game for any-
one who enjoys fun and a challenge.
Cossette...$21.21
WRITE FOR OUR CATALOG BEE
IhIbJ SEND ORDERS TO
500 N. Dobson • Westlond. Ml 45185
Phone (313) 722-7957
KATERPILLAR ATTACK by Tom Mix Soft-
ware. Katerpillar is a fast-paced arcade game.
Machine language. Requires joysticks.
Cassette only $24.95
GHOST GOBBLER by Spectral Associates
This is an excellent version of the popular
arcade game of PAC-MAN. You control
maze with the right joystick Requires Ex-
tended BASIC.
Cassette only $21.95
WAR KINGS by Tom Mix Software
Shield your castle from cannonball attacks
and deflect them towards your opponent’s
castle. Machine language. Ext. BASIC. Re-
quires joysticks.
Cassette only $19.95
HAYWIRE by Mark Data
Have fun zapping robots with fast paced
action combined with dynamite sound effects
and super Hi- Res graphics. For one or two
players.
Cassette only $24.95
GALAX ATT AX by Spectral Associates
Under a constant barrage of enemy fire you
protect your ground base by shooting alien
fighters. Use the right joystick to control the
motion of your ship and right fire button to
fire.
Cassette only $21.95
BATTLEFLEET by Spectral Associates
This grown-up version of Battleship is the
toughest thinking game available. There is
no luck involved as you seek out the com-
puters hidden fleet.
Cassette only $14.95
CAVE HUNTER by Mark Data Products
Fast-paced action for the Color Computer.
Super Hi- Res graphics, dynamite sound ef-
fects. This game will astonish you with its
detail and quality.
Cassette only $24.95
SPACE TRADERS by Spectral Associates
Space Traders is a fast moving galactic trading
game for the Color Computer. Requires Ext.
BASIC.
Cassette only $14.95
TYPING TUTOR
This personal typing teacher allows you to
learn at your own pace whether a beginner or
just a little rusty. 1 6K
Cossette...$19.95
HOW TO ORDER BY MAIL: For prompt and courteous shipment. SEND MONEY ORDER. CERTIFIED CHECK
CASHIERS CHECK MASTERCARD/VISA (include card number, inter-bank No, expiration date and signature)
PERSONAL AND BUSINESS CHECKS MUST CLEAR OUR BANK BEFORE PROCESSING. Shipping and packaging
charge of $2.50 minimum must be added to all orders in continental U.S. (Canadian order $5.00 minimum) Michigan
residents include 4% sales tax 10% deposit required on C.O.D. orders.
1 50 S0UND234 , 1 : A= VAL < A I * )
160 IF A=0 THEN PRINT"
CAN’T BE ZER0":S0UND7,7:F0R L0=1
TO 100: NEXT: SOTO 130
165 I FA >5THENPR I NT "
1 70 CLS0 : 6OSUB2200 : PR I NTS 128,"
LENGTH OF STRINGS <l-9> " : POK
El 152, DB: POKE1 183, DB
180 BI*=INKEY*: IFBI*="" THEN 180
1 90 S0UND234 , 1 : B* VAL ( B I * )
200 IF B-0 THEN PRINT"
CAN'T BE ZER0":S0UND7,7:F0R LO-1
TO 100: NEXT: GOTO 170
210 CLS0 : GOSUB2200 : PR I NT® 128,"
DIFFICULTY LEVEL <TIME>< l-5>" : PO
KE1 152, DB: POKE1 183, DB
220 CI*«INKEY*: IF Cl*-"" THEN 22
0
230 S0UND234 , 1 : C- V AL < C I * )
240 IF C=0 THEN PRINT"
CAN'T BE ZER0":S0UND7,7:F0R LO=l
TO 100: NEXT: GOTO 210
242 IF 05 THEN PRINT" YOU
MUST BE KIDDING! !! ":S0UND7,7: FOR
LO-1TO100: NEXT: GOTO210
250 C-900/C
260 GOSUB 330
Introducing - MORE Quality Software by MSI.
Featuring * COLOR FINANCE for the Color
Computer - 32k Ext. Disk req'd. $59.95
Features include:
User Friendly - No programming knowledge
required
Fully documented/Easy to use
Maintain up to 21 Asset, 21 Liability,
and 54 Expense Accounts
Print Options (Account Statements, Budgets,
Trial Balance, & MORE!)
Backup/Restore To Cassette Tape
Large 42 x 32 screen display
Sample Session Included for Fast and Easy
Instruction.
ONLY $59.95
exclusively from
_ Delker Electronics, Inc.
DELKER
■ j i ; ' j ! n il 1 1 (Dealer Inquiries welcome)
IMHlluMlqi Delker Electronics, Inc.
P.O. Box 897
Dept D
Smyrna, TN 37167
800-251-5008
615-459-2636 (Tennessee)
270 CLS0
280 PRINTS32, " PRESS SPACE BAR
WHEN READY"
290 PR I NT® 140, "ready ??"
292 PRINTS148, STRING* (11,CHR*< 14
4) ) :P0KE1183, 1 44 : POKE 1 1 69 , 144
300 GOSUB2200
310 A*— INKEY*: IF A*-"" THEN 310
320 GOTO 490
330 NO*-"Y":GOSUB9000:DIM AA*<A>
:dim zz*(A)
340 DATA A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H, I, J,K,L
,M,N,0,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z
350 FOR 1-1 TO A
360 FOR K—1T0B
370 D— RND < 26 )
380 FOR J-1T0D
390 READ BB*
400 NEXT
410 RESTORE
420 AA* ( I ) -AA* < I ) +BB*
430 PR I NT® 128-32, "PLEASE WAIT...
II
440 S0UND234, 1
450 PRINT0128, "I'M GETTING MY ST
UFF TOGETHER. "
460 NEXT: NEXT
470 RETURN
480 CLS
490 FOR L=1T0A
493 PRINT6224, ">>>>>>>>>>"
500 PR I NTS235 , AA* < L )
503 PRINT0246, "<<<<<<<<<<"
510 FOR M=1 TOC: NEXT
515 S0UND245, 1
516 PRINT0225, STRING* <30, 255)
520 NEXT
530 SOUND 200, l:SOUND200, 1
540 CLS0: PRINT" ANSWER TI
ME !!!!**
550 PRINT "ENTER STRINGS ONE AT
A TIME AND < ENTER > AFTER EACH"
560 F0RAZ-1T0A
570 INPUTZZ* (AZ)
580 IF AA«(AZ) ><ZZ*(AZ) THENGOSU
B9000 : SOUND 134,7: S0UND2 , 24 : PR I NT
"YOU MISSED IT. . . " : PRINT" YOU ENT
ERED " ; ZZ* <AZ) ; " SHOULD BE "AA*<
AZ ) : R-R+l : GOTO 690
590 NEXT
600 GOSUB 9000
610 PRINT@96," ALL STRINGS ARE
CORRECT !!!!!"
620 SOUND 69, 2: SOUND 111,9
630 SOUND 69, 2: SOUND 111,9
640 SC=(A*2>+(B*3>+(VAL(CI*>*4>*
10
650 PR I NT® 160, "YOUR SCORE IS " ; S
C
660 PRINT""
204 the RAINBOW July 1983
READ THE FINE PRINT.
It's worth your time. This is good stuff.
SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
MACRO-80C
This is a disk-based editor, macro assembler and
monitor, written for Color Computer by Andy Phelps.
THIS IS IT — The ultimate programming tool!
The powerful 2-pass macro assembler features condi-
tional assembly, local labels, include files and cross
referenced symbol tables. Macro- 80C supports the
complete Motorola 6809 instruction set in standard
source format. There are no changes, constraints or
shortcuts in the source language definition. Incor-
porating all of the features of our Rompack-based
assembler (SDS80C), Macro- 80C contains many
more useful instructions and pseudo-ops which aid
the programmer and add power and flexibility.
The screen-oriented text editor is designed for
efficient and easy editing of assembly language pro-
grams. The "Help Key" feature makes it simple and
fun to learn to use the editor. As the editor requires no
line numbers, you can use the arrow keys to position
the cursor anywhere in the file. Macro- 80C allows
global changes and moving/copying blocks of text.
You can edit lines of assembly source which are
longer than 32 characters.
DCBUG is a machine language monitor which allows
examining and altering of memory, setting break
points, etc.
The editor, assembler and monitor — as well as
sample programs — come on one Radio Shack com-
patible disk. Extensive documentation included.
MACRO-80C Price: $99.95
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
The Micro Works Software Development System
(SDS80C) Is a complete 6809 editor, assembler and
monitor package contained in one Color Computer
program pack! Vastly superior to RAM-based
assemblers/editors, the SDS80C is non-volatile,
meaning that if your application program bombs, it
can’t destroy your editor/assembler. Plus it leaves
almost all of 16K or 32K RAM free for your program.
Since all three programs, editor, assembler and
monitor are co-resident, we eliminate tedious
program loading when going back and forth from edit-
ing to assembly and debuggingl
The powerful screen-oriented Editor features finds,
changes, moves, copys and much more. All keys have
convenient auto repeat (typamatic), and since no line
numbers are required, the full width of the screen
may be used to generate well commented code.
The Assembler features all of the following: complete
6809 instruction set; conditional assembly; local
labels; assembly to cassette tape or to memory;
listing to screen or printer; and mnemonic error codes
instead of numbers.
The versatile monitor Is tailored for debugging pro-
grams generated by the Assembler and Editor. It
features examine/change of memory or registers, cas-
sette load and save, breakpoints and more. SDS80C
Price: $89.95
MICRO WORKS COLOR FORTH
• Forth is faster to program in than Basic
• Forth is easier to learn than Assembly Language
• Forth executes in less time than Basic
Forth is a highly interactive language like Basic, with
structure like Pascal and execution speed close to
that of Assembly Language. The Micro Works Color
Forth is a Rompack containing everything you need
to run Forth on your Color Computer.
Color Forth consists of the standard FORTH Interest
kGroup (FIG) implementation of the language plus
most of FORTH-79. It has a super screen editor with
split screen display. Mass storage is on cassette.
Color Forth also contains a decompiler and other aids
for learning the inner workings of this fascinating
language. It will run on 4K, 16K, and 32K computers.
Color Forth contains 10K of ROM, leaving your RAM
for your programs! There are simple words to effec-
tively use the Hi-Res Color Computer graphics, joy-
sticks, and sound. The 112-page manual includes a
glossary of the system-specific words, a full standard
FIG glossary and complete source listing. COLOR
FORTH . . . THE BEST! From the leader in Forth,
Talbot Microsystems. Price: $109.95
MICROTEXT: COMMUNICATIONS
VIA YOUR MODEM!
Make your Color Computer an intelligent printing
terminal with off-line storage! The Microtext module
is just what you’ll need for
— Talking to a timeshare system or information
service
— Printing out what is received as it is received
— Saving received text to cassette tape
— Re-displaying the received text even while
on-line
— Communications with other computers
— Using your computer as a general-purpose
300-baud terminal
— Downloading programs from other computers
The Microtext module is a program pack containing
not only firmware but a second serial port so that
both your printer and modem can be connected at the
same time. Microtext can be configured for any serial
printer that will work with the Color Computer, even if
it requires line feeds! But even if you don’t have a
printer, you can keep a permanent copy of your data
by storing to cassette tape. Also, any Radio Shack/
Centronics-compatible parallel printer may be used
by adding the Micro Works' PI80C parallel interface.
For those of you with special terminal applications,
Microtext has selectable parity; it sends odd, even,
mark or space. With mark parity (which is default) you
can send to computers requiring either seven or eight
bits. All 128 ASCII codes can be sent. Exchange pro-
grams with other Color Computer users! Basic pro-
grams may be downloaded from other computers or
timesharing systems.
You'll find many uses for this versatile module!
Available in ROMPACK, ready-to-use, for $59.95.
MACHINE LANGUAGE
MONITOR TAPE: A cassette tape which allows you to
directly access memory, I/O and registers with a
formatted hex display. Great for machine language
programming, debugging and learning. It can also
send/receive RS232 at up to 9600 baud, including
host system download/upload. 19 commands in all.
Relocatable and reentrant. CBUG Tape Price: $29.95
MONITOR ROM: The same program as above,
supplied in 2716 EPROM. This allows you to use the
entire RAM space. And you don't need to re-load the
monitor each time you use it. The EPROM plugs into
the Extended Basic ROM Socket or the Romless Pak
I. CBUG ROM Price: $39.95
SOURCE GENERATOR: This package is a disas-
sembler which runs on the color computer and gener-
ates your own source listing of the BASIC interpreter
ROM. Also included is a documentation package
which gives useful ROM entry points, complete
memory map, I/O hardware details and more. A 16K
system is required for the use of this cassette. 80C
Disassembler Price: $49.95 a
T 6809 Assembly Language Programming,
1 Leventhal, $16.95
1
by Lance
I TRS-80 Color Computer Graphics, by Don Inman,
1 $14.95
1 Assembly Language Graphics for the TRS-80 Color
1 Computer, by Don Inman, $14.95
A
^^kSfarf/ng Forth, by L. Brodie, $19.95
-A
GAMES
Star Blaster — Blast your way through an asteroid
field in this action-packed Hl-Res graphics game.
Available in ROMPACK; requires 16K. Price: $39.95
Pac Attack — Try your hand at this challenging game
by Computerware, with fantastic graphics, sound and
action! Cassette requires 16K. Price: $24.95
Haywire — Have fun zapping robots with this Hi-Res
game by Mark Data Products. Cassette requires 16K.
$24.95
Dunkey Munkey — Arcade excitement awaits those
who dare to conquer the Munkey! Joystick and 32K
required, by Intellectronics. Cassette: $24.95
Colorpede — Great graphics, two-player option, and
pause control in this exciting game by Intracolor
Communication. Cassette requires 16K: $29.95
Adventure — Black Sanctum and Calixto Island by
Mark Data Products. Each cassette requires 16K:
$19.95 each.
Cave Hunter — Experience vivid colors, bizarre
sounds and eerie creatures in hot pursuit as you wind
your way through a cave maze in search of gold
treasures. This exciting Hi-Res game by Mark Data
Products requires 16K for cassette version. $24.95
Starflre — Fly around the planet defending Earthlings
from being snatched up by aliens in this challenging
game from Intellectronics. Cassette requires 16K:
$21.95
Doodle Bug — Joystick-controlled Doodle Bugs must
move quickly through mazes while being chased by
enemy bugs In Hi-Res game by Computerware.
Cassette requires 16K: $24.95
Astro Blast — You’ll need to act fast as you protect
Earth from wave after wave of alien invaders in this
Hi-Res game by Mark Data Cassette requires 16K:
$24.95
PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE - Serial to parallel
converter allows use of all standard parallel printers.
PI80C plugs into the serial output port, leaving your
Rompack slot free. You supply the printer cable. PI80C
Price: $69.95
MEMORY UPGRADE KITS: Consisting of 41 16 200ns.,
integrated circuits, with instructions for installation.
4K-16K Kit Price: $39.95. 16K-32K Kit (requires
soldering experience) Price: $39.95. For Rev. level E,
ET, NC and TDP-IOOs, we carry 64K chips; upgrading is
easy! Eight prime 64K chips and instructions: $64.95
Romless Packs for your custom EPROMs — call or
write for information.
THE
MasterCharge/Visa Accepted
California residents add 6% tax.
P.O. BOX 1110, DEL MAR, CA 9201 4 [61 9] 942-2400
670 PRINT0224, "CONGRATUL-
ATIONS ! ■
680 GOTO 710
690 PR I NT PR I NT " PROGRESS IS...
CONT I NUOUSLY TRY I NG . "
700 PR I NT "DEFEAT IS. . . NOT TRY IN
0. M
710 PRINT""
720 PRINT "AGAIN? <Y/N>"
730 5*- INKEY*: IF S*="" THEN 730
740 IF S*»"Y" THEN RUN 80 ELSE
GOTO 15000
745 END
750 ’
760 CLS: CG*1 : GOTO2200
765 PRINT" ***MEMORY***"
766 GOSUB 8000
770 PRINT" IT HAS BEEN KNO
WN"
775 GOSUB 8010
780 PRINT" FOR SOME TIME THA
T"
785 GOSUB 8020
790 PRINT" WHAT WE CALL MEMO
RY"
795 GOSUB 8030
800 PRINT" IS REALLY TWO VER
Y"
805 GOSUB 8040
810 PRINT" DIFFERENT FUNCTIO
NS. "
DISK ZIPPER
COLOR DISK UTIILITY PACKAGE
A MENU DRIVEN SYSTEM DISK CONTAINING:
ERROR CRASHLESS BACKUP DUAL AND SINGLE DRIVE
WRITE OR READ ANY SECTOR =CHECK DISK FOR ERRORS
PAGE DISK THROUGH ANY PMODE WINDOW IN COLOR A
DUMP DISK IN HEX OR ASCII : PRINTER SUPORTED
LOAD ML TAPE TO DISK RELOCATES UNLOADABLES
WITH COMPLETE MANUAL : REOS3SK RS DISK^^B| t \
ONLY £4.95 £ \
ARCADE - CONTROLS/
WICO MADE JOYSTICK INTERFACE: TWIN S T I C K
ALLOWS ANY TWO JOYSTICKS TO WORK ON THE
COLOR COMPUTER: ONLY19.SS
ACC-U-FIRE PADDELS/ ATARI-TYPE GAME PADDELS PLUG INTO COLOR —
COMPUTER FOR IMPROVING SCORES! WORKS ON HOR 4 VERT GAMES
ONLY $19.95!
HARDWARE! T
ROMPACK EXTENDER PUT YOUR DISKPACK #
WHERE YOU WANT IT: 3 FEET LONG I flt)
quality cable only 3 7.00 fw
GREEN- PHOSPHER ADAPTER / NOW PRINT GREEN ON BLACK SCREEN'
ALL HARDWARE, NO SOFTWARE/ NO SOLDERING/ AND ONLY $19.95/
WORKS ON ANY TV: SMALL BOARD GOES ON THE
RF SHIELD: ONLY THREE WIRE CLIPS
EPROM PROGRAMING! EK.4K BK BYTES
WE WILL PROGRAM YOUR EPROM FOR 5 00
SEND US ONE OF YOUR GAMEPACKS AND w’e WILL PUT YOUR
PROGRAM IN ITFOR ONLY 30.00
CALL OR WRITE FOR DETAILS
YOU CAN PRINT VIOTEX FROM ROMPACK
WICO COMMAND CONTROL STICK 3800 OUR SOFTWARE ALLOWS YOU TO
WICO REDBALL STICK 3400 PRINT OEF LINE FROM VIDTEX
WICO TRACKBALL BBOO WITH SERIAL Y CABLE 29.15
ATARI' JOYSTICKS $6.95/ WITHOUT CABLE 9.95
WE CARRY TOM-MIX 4 MARK- DATA.
ZAXXONDATASOFT 34.85 MICRO “ DIV Toledo .Ohio 43612
DONKEY KING $24.95 ' 1-419-476-6282
PROTECTORS 24.95 450 W LASKEY
ASTRO- BLAST 24.95 I ASK FOR MICRO- DIV.I
SPACE RAIDERS.. 24.95 1
MOON - LANDER E.B. 19.95 C.O.D. Credit Card
HAYWIRE 24.95 orders accepted /add $2.00 shipping
815 GOSUB 8050
820 PRINT" CALLED SHORT TERM
AND"
825 GOSUB 8060
830 PRINT" LONG TERM MEMORY,
THESE"
835 GOSUB 8070
840 PRINT" TWO ABILITIES CAN
NOT"
845 GOSUB 8080
850 PRINT" ONLY BE TRAINED,
BUT "
855 GOSUB 8090
860 PRINT" CAN ACTUALLY BE M
ADE TO"
865 GOSUB 8100
870 PRINT" ACHIEVE SOME VERY
II
875 GOSUB 8110
880 PRINT" REMARKABLE RESULT
S IF"
885 GOSUB 8120
890 PRINT" YOU ARE WILLING T
0 TRY. "
895 GOSUB 8130
900 PRINT" <ANY KEY>"
905 GOSUB 8140
915 GOSUB 8150
920 GL** INKEY*: IF GL*="" THEN 92
0
930 CLS : PR I NT " " : CG=2 : GOTO2200
940 PRINT" IT IS NOT A MA
TTER "
945 GOSUB 8000
950 PRINT" OF INTELLIGENCE.
WE "
955 GOSUB 8010
960 PRINT" ALL HAVE THE NECE
SSARY"
965 GOSUB 8020
970 PRINT" EQUIPMENT. IT IS
II
975 GOSUB 8030
980 PRINT" MOSTLY A MATTER 0
F "
985 GOSUB 8040
990 PRINT" EFFORT AND TRAINI
NG. "
995 GOSUB 8050
1000 PRINT" HOW MUCH EFFORT
IS, "
1005 GOSUB 8060
1010 PRINT" OF COURSE, UP TO
YOU. "
1015 GOSUB 8070
1020 PRINT" THE MORE YOU TRY
THE "
1025 GOSUB 8080
1030 PRINT" BETTER YOUR MEMO
RY WILL "
206 the RAINBOW July 1983
Introducing . . .
New! From the Programmer’s Guild
miA waksuok.
The Ultimate Arcade Challenge!
New from Arcade Master Charles Forsythe!
The most original game ever produced!
16 levels of breath taking action!
Up to 6 players in competition!
Keyboard or joystick control.
Runs on any 16K TRS-80 color or TDP 100.
Guide your Ninja through boulders, fire, pitfalls, flaming
meteors, and Ninja masters to attain the ultimate
achievement in — NINJA GRANDMASTER!
MN1A WAkftiOft,. s „ !lw , „
game ever written!
Exciting— Frustrating— Difficult— Impossible — your skill will tell the tale.
— for those who would face
the ultimate arcade challenge—
TO WIN OR DIE!
$29.95 cassette
Free Shipping
VISA MASTERCARD
r THE PROGRAMMER’S GUILD
P.O. BOX 66
PETERBOROUGH, NH 03458
—or Call (603) 924-6065 for COD—
AND GET “FREE" SHIPPING ANYWHERE ON THE
PLANET EARTH OR HER COLONIES
1035 GOSUB 8090
1040 PRINT" GET. YOUR SHORT
TERM"
1045 GOSUB 8100
1050 PRINT" MEMORY IS THE ON
E THAT"
1055 GOSUB 8110
1060 PRINT" CAN MOST BE IMPR
OVED. "
1065 GOSUB 8120
1070 PRINT" < ANY KEY>"
1075 GOSUB 8130
1077 GOSUB 8140
1080 GOSUB 8150
1090 GL*= INKEY*: IFGL*="" THEN 10
90
1100 CLS : PR I NT " " : CG=3 : GOTO2200
1110 PRINT" BY UTILIZING
ONE "
1115 GOSUB 8000
1120 PRINT" OF THE FAVORITE
TRAINING"
1125 GOSUB 8010
1130 PRINT" METHODS USED BY
THE"
1135 GOSUB 8020
1140 PRINT" RESEARCHERS IN T
AUTO-DIALER
BY SOUND WORKS
^^nOMArTcTHONTTlALER -
Si ULTRA HIGH SPEED DIALING AND
REDIALING
^ STORE OVER 50 NUMBERS
^ NO MODEM REQUIRED
Gf NO TONE SERVICE NEEDED
fif SIMPLE HOOK-UP
Si ADAPTABLE TO ANY PHONE
Si 1*K EXTENDED REQUIRED
CASSETTE $24.95 DISK) 34.95
Soundworks Productions
26 EAST 7th STREET
PATC HOGUE, NEW YORK 1 1 772
Utl lllmHU' ADO 7.25% TAX
HIS "
1145 GOSUB 8030
1150 PRINT"
•I
1155 GOSUB 8040
1160 PRINT"
GROUP"
1165 GOSUB 8050
1170 PRINT"
YOU"
1175 GOSUB 8060
1180 PRINT"
IMPROVE"
1185 GOSUB 8070
1190 PRINT"
AR AS"
1195 GOSUB 8080
1200 PRINT"
TO GO."
1205 GOSUB 8090
1210 PRINT"
E SOME"
1215 GOSUB 8100
1220 PRINT"
LE YOU"
1225 GOSUB 8110
1230 PRINT"
ESS.
1235 GOSUB 8120
1240 PRINT"
1245 GOSUB 8130
1246 GOSUB 8140
1250 GOSUB 8150
1260 GL** INKEY*:
60
1270 CLS: PRINT"'
1280 PRINT"
WILL"
1285 GOSUB8000
1290 PRINT"
II
1295 GOSUB8010
1300 PRINT"
TRINGS"
1305 GOSUB8020
1310 PRINT"
S AT"
1315 QOSUB8030
1320 PRINT"
YOU"
1325 GOSUB8040
1330 PRINT"
TH AND"
1335 GOSUB8050
1340 PRINT"
CAN"
1345 GOSUB8060
1350 PRINT"
R OF"
1355 GOSUB8070
FIELD, THE TIMED
SEQUENCE /RANDOM
LETTERS METHOD,
CAN POTENTIALLY
YOUR MEMORY AS F
YOU ARE WILLING
AND, YOU CAN HAV
FUN DOING IT WHI
CHART YOUR PROGR
< ANY KEY>"
IFGL*=" " THEN 12
■:cg=4:goto2200
THIS PROGRAM
PROVIDE YOU WITH
VARYING LENGTH S
OF RANDOM LETTER
VARYING SPEEDS.
CONTROL THE LENG
SPEED. YOU ALSO
SELECT THE NUMBE
208 the RAINBOW July 1983
. 0 ,
• WRITTEN IN MACHINE
LANGUAGE
• FIVE SCREENS WITH
INCREASING DIFFICULTY
• HI RES COLOR GRAPHICS
• REALISTIC SOUND
EFFECTS
Requires 16K RAM, Joysticks
ONLY $21.95
l«rj
Mm
.a*-
g«IW
• WRITTEN IN MACHINE
LANGUAGE
• HI RES COLOR GRAPHICS
• GREAT SOUND
• EXPLODING BOMBS.
DEADLY MISSILES.
ATTACKING TANKS
Requires 32K RAM, Joysticks
ONLY $21.95
■ A ,
LUNAR-ROVER PATROL - Guide your Lunar Rover along the moon’s surface following every bump and
crevice as a barage of obstacles hinder your movement. No MOON-PATROL type features left out of this
game.
WHIRL YBIRD RUN - Your mission is to reach and destroy the enemy base hidden deep within the Tunnel
of Doom encountering missiles, saucers, and deadly gas clouds along the way. If you like SCRAMBLE, you
will love WHIRLYBIRD RUN.
For Orders Only
1 - 800 - 426-1830
except WA, AK, HI
Call or write for a complete catalog
Business Office and Information Call:
(206)581-6938
Office open 8:30—4:30 P.S.T.
We accept VISA. MASTERCARD. AMERICAN EXPRESS.
Add 3% for shipping. NO C.O.D.
All prices U.S. FUNDS.
WA residents add 7.8% sales tax.
SPECTRAL
ASSOCIATES
3416 South 90th Street
Tacoma, WA 98409
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
STRINGS DISPLAYE
BECAUSE THE GROU
DISPLAY IS RANDO
1360 PRINT"
D. "
1365 GOSUB8080
1370 PRINT"
P"
1375 GOSUB8090
1380 PRINT"
M, IT"
1385 G0SUB8 1 00
1390 PRINT" WILL OCCASIONALL
Y COME"
1395 G0SUB81 10
1400 PRINT"
ORD. "
1405 GOSUB8120
1410 PRINT"
1415 G0SUB8 1 30
1417 GOSUB8140
1420 G0SUB8 1 50
1430 GL*« INKEY*: IFGL*="" THEN 14
30
1440 CLS:CG=5:GOTO2200
UP WITH A REAL W
< ANY KEY>"
1450 PRINT"
BE A"
1455 GOSUB8000
1460 PRINT"
F THIS"
1464 6OSUB8010
1470 PRINT"
THIS WORD MAY
NAUGHTY WORD.
IS OF CONCERN, R
GRAND SLAM BRIDGE
SHARPEN UP YOUR BRIDGE GAME. COM-
PUTER BIDS YOUR PARTNER’S HAND AND
PLAYS THE OPPONENT'S HANDS. RAN-
DOM HANDS DEALT EACH TIME. CARDS,
TRICKS, BIDS, AND CONTRACT SHOWN
ON SCREEN.
32 K CASSETTE $19.95
RAINBOW
STOCK OPTION STRATEGIES
DEVISE YOUR OWN STOCK OPTION STRAT-
EGIES. COVERED OPTIONS, STRADDLES,
CALLS, AND PUTS. % GAINS AND LOSSES
VS. FUTURE STOCK PRICES GRAPHED IN
COLOR. EASY TO USE, NO DATA BASE RE-
QUIRED, JUST ENTER FROM KEYBOARD.
MENU DRIVEN.
16K CASSETTE $14.95
RAINBOW
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
GREENTREE SOFTWARE
P.O. BOX 97
GREENWOOD, IN 46142
EMOVE"
1475 GOSUB8020
1480 PRINT"
THE "
1485 GOSUB 8030
1490 PRINT"
ND"
1495 GOSUB 8040
1500 PRINT"
RS"
1505 GOSUB 8050
1510 PRINT"
TO 21."
1515 GOSUB 8060
1520 PRINT"
8c 2210)."
1525 GOSUB 8070
1530 PRINT"
OFF"
1535 GOSUB 8080
1540 PRINT"
II
1545 GOSUB 8090
1550 PRINT"
W SPEED"
1555 GOSUB 8100
1560 PRINT"
H THE"
1565 GOSUB 8110
1570 PRINT"
RINGS"
1575 GOSUB 8120
1580 PRINT"
YOU GO. "
1585 GOSUB 8130
1590 PRINT"
1595 GOSUB 8140
1600 GOSUB 8150
1610 GL*= INKEY*:
10
1620 CLS: PRINT"'
1630 PRINT"
RM"
1635 GOSUB8000
1640 PRINT"
ERAGE, "
1645 GOSUB8010
1650 PRINT"
MS. "
1655 GOSUB8020
1660 PRINT"
* II
1665 GOSUB8030
1670 PRINT"
TERS"
1675 GOSUB8040
1680 PRINT"
LONGER"
1685 GOSUB8050
1690 PRINT"
THE VOWELS FROM
DATA STATEMENT A
CHANGE THE NUMBE
IN THE RND 8c FOR
(LINES 340, 370
YOU SHOULD START
WITH A FEW SHORT
STRINGS AT A SLO
AND INCREASE BOT
LENGTH OF THE ST
AND THE SPEED AS
< ANY KEY>"
IFGL*»"" THEN 16
1 : CG=6 : GOTO2200
YOUR SHORT TE
MEMORY, AS AN AV
CAN HANDLE 7 ITE
BY USING ’GROUPS
(STRINGS) OF LET
YOU CAN REMEMBER
SEQUENCES. THIS
210 the RAINBOW July 1983
UN-BELIEVABLE
But true! There is a disk
drive in your Color Compu-
ter .. . and it is faster and
more efficient than any
“hardware" drive you can
buy, for any price. This new
"disk drive” is called VDOS—
for Virtual Disk Operating
System— and it will absolutely
revolutionize the way you
operate your CoCo.
VDOS lets you use the
"extra" memory inside your
CoCo as a virtual disk, with
programs (any programs)
stored out of the way. You
can "save” and "load" pro-
grams from your in-memory
disk into working memory,
and then run them. When
you're done, you can simply
access your in-memory disk
again . . . and save or load
another, and another.
And VDOS is fast.
Because you are using
memory rather than a
mechanical device (like a
disk drive or cassette
player), programs load
instantly. Yes, VDOS is fas-
ter than a disk!
VDOS works with all
Color Computers— from
16K non-extended to 64K
extended. Obviously, the
more memory you have, the
greater number (and
length) of programs you
can store. For a 64K sys-
tem, VDOS also uses the
"unused" part of memory,
providing up to 50,000
bytes of storage! Now,
that's some disk!
We call it VDOS because
in the future there will be
utilities for your VDOS
UNDISK that will give even
greater capabilities— such
as a full one-pass memory
dump to cassette. Other
utilities are planned, too.
We believe VDOS is the
greatest advancement for
CoCo since the introduc-
tion of the disk drive itself.
And, at less than $100, it is
so inexpensive you can’t
afford to be without it. If
you have the "cassette
blues,” VDOS is the answer!
Finally, VDOS is simple to
operate. It is entirely self-
prompting and comes with
a complete manual. But you
almost don’t even need the
instructions— it requires
absolutely no technical
expertise.
VDOS. The answer to
your prayers.
Cassette: $97.50. Add $1.50 shipping
and handling; Canadians add $5 for
shipping; Foreign points add $9.
VISA and Master Card accepted.
All Kentucky residents add 5% sales
tax. Payments accepted in United
States currency only.
Dr. Preble's Programs
6540 Outer Loop
Louisville, KY 40228
(502) 241-6474
Dealer Inquiries Invited
MAINSOW
IS"
1695 GOSUB8060
1700 PRINT" BECAUSE, WITH PR
ACT ICE, "
1705 GDSUBS070
1710 PRINT" YOUR MEMORY USES
THE "
1715 GOSUB8080
1720 PRINT" SAME 'SLOT' FOR
A "
1725 GOSUB8090
1730 PRINT" WHOLE GROUP AS F
OR A "
1735 GOSUB8100
1740 PRINT" SINGLE LETTER."
1745 GOSUB 8110
1750 PRINT" < ANY KEY>"
1752 GOSUB8120
1755 GOSUB8130
1757 G0SUB8 1 40
1760 GOSUB8150
1770 GL*= INKEY*: IFGL*=" " THEN 17
70
1780 CLS:PRINT"":CG=7:GOTO2200
1790 PRINT" SO IT IS NOT A
T ALL"
1795 GOSUB8000
1800 PRINT" IMPOSSIBLE TO EX
PAND"
STAT 3 S
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM, THAT CALCULATES-MEAN, — UARANCE,
AND STANDARD DEUIAT ION FOR BOTH SAMPLES OR POPULATION
ALLOUS DATA STORAGE TO TAPE OR DISK. FULL COLOR GRAPHING OF
FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM. ALLOUS EASY MODIFICATION OF STORED DATA,
COMBINE TWO FILES. ETC. USER FRIENDLY! CASSETTE $24.95
COLOR GRAPIC PRINTER UTILITES
UTILITES FOR RADIO SHACKS CGP-1 13, COLOR GRAPIC PRINTER/PLOTTER
WORD PROCESSOR— SUPPORTS IMPEDED CONTROLS FOR PRINT SIZE AND COLOR
RIGHT JUSTIFICATION. DESIGNED JUST FOR THE CGP-1 13
SCREEN PRINT PROGRAM TRUE FOUR COLOR PRINT OUT, UORKS IN PNODE 3
OR 4 YOU UON'T BELEUE THE DETAILS
DRAWING BOARD ETCH-A-SKETCH FOR THE PRINTER. ANY COLOR, EASY
CORRECTIONS CASSETTE $24.95 j
RELOCATE
RELOCATE MAKES AUTOMATIC TAPE COPIES OF ANY COLOR COMPUTER
CARTRIDGE. ALLOUS CHANGES TO BE MADE TO THE PROGRAM SUCH AS
r.PRINT-OUT ^VIDEOTEX, CHANGE BAUD RATE IN tSCRIPSIT. ECT. 3
REQUIRES EITHER A 04K MOO. OR A 10K OR LARGER COMPUTER UITH A
CARTRIDGE MEMORY EXPANSION OF 4K DR LARGER. VERY EASY TO USE!
ONCE FAMILIAR UITH THE PROGRAM, COPIES CAN BE MAOE IN LESS THEN
FOUR MINUTES <fc O A QC
CASSETTE 9Z4. gj
C0MPTERI2ED ALARM SYSTEMS
LET CoCo UATCH YOUR HOUSE UHILE YOU ARE AUAY. LESS THAN TUENTY
DOLLARS OF RAO 10 SHACK COMPONENTS. PLANS AND SOFTUARE.
WRITE FOR DETAILS
CTHIS AO TYPESET UITH THE COLOR GRAPIC PRINTER!
Transtion Technology PLEASE SPECIFY
1458 U. B I RCHWOOD AUE.
CHICAGO IL 60626
•1.50 SHIPING AND HANOLING C.0.0. EXTRA
•TANOY Corp
1805 GOSUB8010
1810 PRINT"
II
YOUR ABILITY TO
1815 GOSUB8020
1820 PRINT"
REMEMBER 7 LETTE
RS TO"
1825 GOSUB8030
1830 PRINT"
THE ABILITY TO R
EMEMBER"
1835 GOSUB8040
1840 PRINT"
7 GROUPS OF SAY
5 "
1845 GOSUB8050
1850 PRINT"
LETTERS. YOU AR
E THEN"
1855 GOSUB8060
1860 PRINT"
REMEMBERING 35 L
ETTERS"
1870 PRINT"
WITH THE SAME ME
NTAL"
1880 PRINT"
HORSEPOWER USED
FOR 7. "
1890 PRINT"
II
1895 GOSUB8070
1900 PRINT"
HOW FAR CAN Y
OU GO 7"
1905 GOSUB8080
1910 PRINT"
IF YOU ARE READY
TO TRY"
1915 GOSUB8090
1920 PRINT"
GIVE ME A ’ Y' "
1925 GOSUB8100
1926 G0SUB81 10
1927 GOSUB8120
1928 GOSUB8130
1929 GOSUB8140
1930 GOSUB8150
1940 Q*= INKEY*:
IF Q*= " " THEN 194
0
1950 IF Q*="Y"
THEN RETURN
1 960 NO*= "Y" : GOSUB9000 : PR I NT© 1 28
, "WELL, LET'S GET TOGETHER SOON.
II
■ ■
1970 END
1980 MM*="M EMORY"
1990 LC*491
2000 FOR JZ=1TO100
2010 PRINTQLC— 11, " "JM
M*
2020 LOLC-32
2030 IF LC<32 THEN LC=491
2040 NEXT
2050 PRINT" MEMO
R Y"
2060 PRINT" MEMO
R Y"
2070 PRINT" MEMO
R Y"
2075 PRINT" MEMO
R Y"
212 the RAINBOW July 1983
e ORGANIZE and PROTECT your VALUABLE
software library the COLORFUL way with
ZETAPAKS ™ from ZETA Computer.
Mix 'n' match your collection with these rugged-vinyl
software ' safes'' in a choice of 4 COLORS. Now you can
store your media TOGETHER with your instructions on the
SAME shelf with your computer books.
$3.50 EACH or
$38.95 Per DOZEN
Postpaid
—COLORS-
BEIGE
TAN
BLUE
YELLOW
HOLDS ALL TYPES OF SOFTWARE MEDIA
Besides holding a 6" x 8V2" manual up to Vi" thick, a
ZETAPAK can hold 2 audio/digital cassettes
or 2 stringy floppy cartridges
or 2 of the new 3" micro disks
or 6 5V4" floppy disks
or 2 ROM cartridges (up to Ve" thick)
Ask you local computer dealer to stock ZETAPAKS or
ORDER DIRECT: ZETACOM Dept. RB
P.O. BOX 3522
GREENVILLE, SC 29608
’Specify how many of what color.
*Send Bank or PO Money Order for fastest service.
*COD is fast but $2 extra. *Please allow4 weeks delivery on checks.
’Foreign: US Funds add .50 each for Air Mail. ’Purchase Price of
$3.00 each ZETAPAK REFUNDABLE if returned unopened within
30 days. ’SOFTWARE PUBLISHERS/DEALERS write or call for
discount schedule. ..(803) 246-1 741 after 1 P.M. EST.
© TM 1983 ZETA Computer
2080 PLAY " V30 } 03 J T255 ; L255 "
2090 FOR JJ=1TO30
2 1 00 PLAY " CDEABFCD ; V- "
2110 NEXT
2 1 20 PD*= " FBRPBC Z X AQPLT YE I KBNTLD
FSEOKBVCXRUGJVJ XOQ"
2125 CLS
2130 FOR JJ=1TO50
2140 LN=RND ( 5 > : LL=RND < 35 >
2150 ST$=MID*(PD*,LL,LN>
2160 PRINT@RND<510> , ST*
2170 SOUND 169, 1
2180 NEXT
2190 RETURN
2200 RESTORE
2210 FORPQ= 1 T026
2220 READWW*:NEXT
2230 DATA131, 134, 140. 147, 150
2240 DATA153, 156, 166, 169, 172
2250 DATA195, 198,201,204,211
2260 DAT A2 14,217, 220 , 230 , 243
2270 DATA246, 249, 252
2280 FORWO=lTO RND(22>
2290 READDB
2300 NEXT
2310 RESTORE
UBXl
IS < MATHFACT > ffl
*35 SOFTWARE <C> 198a
II
IS
n
H
R
L 1
fl II!
B
■ <FO
B < B >
■ <C>
B (. D >
■ SELECT
01 SELECT
ADDITION
SUBTRACTION
MULT I PLICATION
DIVISION
LEVEL 1 OR 2?
A.. B, C.. OR D'
Dl PLEASE TYPE YOUR FIRST NAME. B
m BURTON m
Requires 16K Extended Basic
Cassette $16.95
» *
TRS-80 Color Computer/ TDP- 100 Ohio Residents
‘Trademark of Tandy Add 5V4% Sales Tax
APPEALING GRAPHICS • FUN REWARDS • SOUND
Used Successfully In Classrooms and In Homes
ALSO AVAILABLE-CASSETTES
Clock $24.95 Carry $19.95
Money $19.95 ABC's $ 9.95
Subtract/Borrow $19.95 Spelling $16.95
Question $19.95 Hangword $14.95
WRITE FOR FREE DESCRIPTIVE BROCHURE
OR ASK FOR DEALER DEMONSTRATION
B5 SOFTWARE • dept c
1024 Bainbridge PI. •Columbus, Ohio 43228 »C614) 276-2752
2315 IF C6O0 THEN BOTO3000
2320 'BUILD BORDER
2350 FORBD* 1 024TO 1 504 STEP32
2360 POKEBD, DB
2370 POKEBD- 1 , DB
2380 NEXT
2400 POKE 1 055+480, DB
2410 RETURN
3000 IF CG=1 THEN CG=0: G0T0765
3010 IF CG=2 THEN CG=0:GOTO 940
3020 IF CG=3 THEN CG=0: GOTOl 1 10
3025 IF CG=4 THEN CG=0: GOTO 1280
3030 IF CG=5 THEN CG=0: GOTO1450
3040 IF CG=6 THEN CG=0: GOTO 1630
3050 IF CG=7 THEN CG=0: GOTO 1790
3055 PR I NT " ERROR " : STOP
8000 POKE 1 024, DB: POKE 1 055, DB: RET
URN
8010 POKE 1 056, DB: POKE 1 087, DB: RET
URN
8020 POKE1088,DB:POKE1U9,DB:RET
URN
8030 POKE1 120, DB: POKE1 151 , DB: RET
URN
8040 POKE 1 1 52 , DB : POKE 1 1 83 , DB : RET
URN
8050 POKE 1 1 84 , DB : POKE 1215, DB : RET
URN
8060 POKE 1216, DB : POKE 1 247 , DB : RET
URN
8070 POKE 1 248 , DB : POKE 1 279 , DB : RET
URN
8080 POKE 1 280 , DB : POKE 1 3 1 1 , DB : RET
URN
8090 POKE 1 3 1 2 , DB : POKE 1 343 , DB : RET
URN
8 1 00 POKE 1 344 , DB : POKE 1 375 , DB : RET
URN
8110 POKE 1 376, DB: POKE 1 407, DB: RET
URN
8 1 20 POKE 1 408 , DB : POKE 1 439 , DB : RET
URN
8130 POKE 1 440, DB : POKE 1 47 1,DB: RET
URN
8140 POKE 1 472 , DB : POKE 1 503 , DB : RET
URN
8150 POKE 1 504, DB: POKE 1 535, DB: RET
URN
9000 GOTO20000
9045 IFNO$="Y" THEN 9095
9050 PLAY " V30 ; 03 ; T255 ; L255 "
9060 F0RGL=1T03
9070 PLAY " DEFGABC ; V- "
9080 PLAY " CBAGFED ; V+ "
9090 NEXT
9095 NO$=" " : RETURN
10000 GOSUB20000
10500 IF HT$=" Y" THEN RETURN
1 0600 POKE 1 058 , ASC ("P")
1 0700 POKE 1 059 , ASC ( "R" )
214 the RAINBOW July 1983
TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
Computer Island Presents
THE BEST IN
SOFTWARE FOR KIDS!
TDP SYSTEM 100
DOLLARS AND SENSE 16* Ext. $11-95
Learn to make purchases. Graphic displays of items
kids love. Player buys using dollars and coins to prac-
tice using money correctly. Solutions given.
McCOCO'S MENU 1GK Ext. $11.95
America’s favorite pastime — going out to eat! Learn
to buy and add up your purchases from a typical fast
food restaurant menu. Gain skill in using money. Dif-
ferent prices each time.
MONEY-PAK 32K Ext. $22.95
This is a menu-driven merged version of the above 2
programs. Also includes play money for extra rein-
forcement.
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION 16K $11.95
Menu driven, 2 level program provides practice in
adding or subtracting 2 digit numbers. Vertical format
for proper entry of digits in the answers. Report card
scoring.
... NEW ...
... ...
BEYOND WORDS 32K Ext. $19.95 Each
3 Part menu driven program with tutorials and grade
appropriate subtests and reviews. Over 400 questions,
800 words, modifiable.
* Beyond Words I - Grades 3-5
* Beyond Words II - Grades 6-8
* Beyond Words III - Grades 9-12
VOCABULARY BUILDERS 32K Ext. $19.95 Each
4 Part multiple choice format. 200 questions, 1000
words. User modifiable.
* Vocab. Builder I - Grades 3-5
* Vocab. Builder II - Grades 6-8
* Vocab. Builder III ■ Grades 9-12
On Disk
Beyond Words I and Vocab. Builder I $38.95
Beyond Words II and Vocab. Builder II $38.95
Beyond Words III and Vocab. Builder III $38.95
FOREIGN LANGUAGE GAMES 16K or 16K Ext. $11.95
PRESCHOOL PACK 1 by Joseph Kolar
16K Ext. $11.95
Clown and Fish-Num: Two programs to help your child
recognize and count the words and numbers 1 - 10.
Hi-res graphics and lively songs help to attract and
keep attention.
PRESCHOOL PACK 2 by Joseph Kolar
16K Ext. $11.95
Count Kids and Add Penny: Two programs to help your
child count and add up to 10. Beautiful hi-res
graphics.
PRESCHOOL PACK 3 by Joseph Kolar
16K Ext. $11.95
Alpha-Byte: Programs designed to teach recognition
and identification of the alphabet. Attractive hi-res
graphics.
Each of the above Preschool Packs on disk - $15.95
All three Preschool Packs on disk - $38.95
LONG DIVISION TUTOR by Ed Guy
16K Ext. Basic $14.95
A tutorial that takes the child through all steps of the
example. Includes HELP tables, cursor aids, and
graphic aids. Input your own numbers, or let the com-
puter choose the example. Three levels of difficulty.
Great teaching program!
MULTIPLICATION TUTOR by Ed Guy
16K Ext. Basic $14.95
Similar type tutorial to the above. All carries indicated.
Teaches examples from one to three place multipliers.
READING AIDS 4-Pak 16K Ext. $19.95
A 4 part menu driven program for the Elementary
school child to create his own original reading
material. Includes the 4 popular programs — POETRY,
SILLY STORIES, SILLY SENTENCES and WIZARD, now
expanded to 16K Extended Basic.
****** NO EXTRAS NEEDED -***~*
Instructions are included enabling you to modify these
programs for additional vocabulary or verb practice.
Create your own future versions!!!
FRENCH BASEBALL - Score base hits or home tuns
for correct answers. You're out if wrong. Correct
answers supplied. Fun way to learn and practice
vocabulary. 2 levels. 200 questions
SPANISH BASEBALL - Same game using Spanish
vocabulary words.
ITALIAN BASEBALL - Same game using Italian
vocabulary words.
PLEASE SPECIFY LANGUAGE AND VERSION
HEBREW BULLETIN BOARD 16K Ext. $15.95
by Joseph Kolar
A utility that will enable YOU (0 create Hebrew or
Hebrew/Engtish words, flash cards, sentences,
greeting cards, etc. in Hires. Easy to team-full
documentation. For hard copy, use your printei and
any scieen print program.
MUSIC DRILL by David Steele
16K Extended $19.95
A high resolution program that teaches and tests the
notes of the Treble and Bass clefs in each of the 10
most popular Major and Minor keys.
"A must for all MUSIC students."
PHHFFXTTT TFFy-FFFHtFF l U-K 1.4-H 1 X-M-X-FYY- FI AFTTTV A
SPECIAL - CLOSEOUT of Creative Computing’s never
* released software lor the CoCo. 2 Hi-Res machine !*
i language, joystick controlled arcade style games. ^
PICNIC (escape spider, capture food), TRICKASHAY j
* (tank duel in a tricky maze). 1 or 2 players, multi-level, j*
l 16K Ext. Both for an incredible $11.95 ^
:*■
THE TALKING WIZARD 16K Ext. $19.95
A talking version of our popular WIZARD game. This is
a child size (Eliza-Freud) type game. Input any ques-
tion and the WIZARD writes and now SPEAKS (through
the T.V. speaker) an amusing answer. Great for reading
practice or just plain fun.
voict by-ClMiical Cowrtinj Inc.
COCO-JOT by Steve Greenberg
16K $11.95
A new version of the famous Jotto word game. A guess-
ing game using your powers of reasoning and deduction.
1 or 2 player game. Different levels of play. Ages 8 to
adult. User modifiable.
GHOST 16K Ext
by Sherman Rosen $11.95
Color Computer version of the famous word game. 2
levels. Ages 8 to adult. Great Family Fun!
COMPUTER ISLAND
DEPT. R
227 Hampton Green
Staten Island, N.Y. 10312
(212) 948-2748
16K CIRCUS ADVENTURE $9.95
A child's adventure game with many songs, graphics,
and surprises. Meet all of your circus favorites while
searching for the popcorn man. Great family fun for all
ages.
16K SCHOOLMAZE ADVENTURE $11.95
While in search ol a lost computer tape, you travel in a
school and draw pictures, compose songs, play basket-
ball, and use the keyboard to travel in the hallways.
SOFTWARE FOR SPECTRUM’S LIGHT PEN
KID'S FUN-PAK: This 3 program game sel will enter
lain you with a great new dimension lor your com
puter. Tutorial included with documentation.
Kid’s Fun-Pak Tape 16K Ext. $14.95
Light Pen and Tape 534.95
DEALERS INQUIRIES INVITED
FREE set of BINARY DICE, including tuli directions,
with orders of 2 or more items.
Add $1.00 S/H • N.Y. Add Proper lax
Send lor catalog ol othei programs
Authors: We are seeking quality children’s software for
leisure or learning. Write for details. Top royalties.
CoCoD AT A Enterprises
1316 Quail Avenue • McAllen, Texas 78501
Color Computer 16K
EXTENDED BASIC
6=?j=^t7S=3»S=ZW«W«««W»^
“Low Cost, High Quality Software "
Color Computer Weekly, March 11, 1983
"Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back!"
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ The Product Line ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
GRAPHICS PROGRAM
GENERATOR I $11.95 tk-
Let your CoCo write "Syntax perfect" graphics programs for you!
Boxes, circles, arcs, ellipses, paint, and lines can all be created
while viewing the graphics screen using the arrow keys and a
few one-key commands. Use either of four color sets in PMODE3.
Extra features like “erase", “check remaining strings space" and
optional grid marker pixels. When your graphics are complete,
GPG I will write a unique program to tape to duplicate the picture
you've created. This generated program can be edited, added to,
or merged like any other! Manual details operation.
GRAPHICS PROGRAM fE)
GENERATOR II $16.95 -sr-
All the features of GPG I plus characters with a self loading
machine language module! Includes a binary screen save feature
to reproduce your graphics with text in a later program. Manual
includes Assembly Language source listing.
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
MONITOR $10.95
Utilize your CoCo to reduce your electric bill! Both text and
graphic presentations are used to show consumption in either
dollars or KWH. Extra features include bill projection anytime
during month and 20 day trend analysis. If you can't measure it,
you can’t manage it! Sixteen page manual includes listing and
forms to record data. Printer is NOT required.
HOUSEHOLD BUDGET '
WORKSHEET $ 6.95 -TS-
Produces an up-dated monthly financial worksheet without files,
yet contractual loans are automatically up-dated with new
balances and months remaining. Budget categories and variable
expenses user defined. Includes provisions for variable income
like commissions, one time expenses and/or income. Excellent
manual includes listing, examples, form to list data. Works with
any printer.
LLIST-RITE $ 5.95
Complex, non-commented programs are much easier to follow
after using this listing utility! Multiple statements and IF. . .
THEN. . .ELSE statements are logically separated, line numbers
are set apart from text, page boundries are observed. Works
with any printer; complete, easy to understand instruction sheet
included.
MATCH 2! $7.95
Our version of concentration. Play against the computer at
different skill levels or select two player option. Some unexpect-
ed surprises add more fun, should sharpen memory skills.
Each program ordered must include 75$ for Shipping and
Handling.
1 0800 POKE 1 060 , ASC (“0")
10900 POKE 1 06 1 , ASC < " G " >
11100 POKE 1 064 , ASC < " M " )
11200 POKE 1 063 , ASC ( " A " )
11300 POKE 1062, ASC <"R">
11400 POKE 1 068, ASC ("B")
11500 POKE 1 069 , ASC ( " Y " )
11600 POKE 1131, 255 : POKE 1 1 63 , 255-
1 6 : POKE 1195, 255 : POKE 1 204 , 255-32 :
POKE 1223, 255 : POKE 1 227 , 255-48 *. POK
E 1 236 , 255 i POKE 1 255 , 255-64 : POKE 1 2
56,255
11700 POKE 1257, 255: POKE 1258, 255-
1 6 : POKE 1 259 , 255 : POKE 1 268 , 255-32 :
POKE 1 296 , 255 : POKE 1 300 , 255-48 : POK
E 1 328 , 255 : POKE 1 329 , 255-64
1 1 800 POKE 1 330 , 255 : POKE 1331, 255-
16: POKE 1 332 , 255
13020 F0RUI=1T03
1 3030 PLAY " T 1 3 ; L3 ; V30 5 CCDEFGAB ; P
555 C"
13035 NEXT
13040 RETURN
13045 PLAY "C"
13100 HT**"Y": GOTO 10000
13200 END
1 5000 NO*= "Y"! CLS : GOSUB9000
16000 PR I NT© 128, " UNTIL NEXT TI
ME... BYE!"
16010 FOR LP=1 TO 500: NEXT
17000 PLAY"V30;03;T5;L5"
18000 PLAY " CDEFGAABBC "
19000 END
20000 CLS0
20010 IF HJOITHEN HJ=1 : DIMFG* < 1
6)
20020 Cl =150
20040 F0RX1=1T016
20050 FG*(X1)=STRING$(32,C1>
20060 NEXT
20070 Y1=0:C1=C1+1
20090 FORX 1=1T016
20100 PRINT@Y1,FG*(X1> ;
20120 Yl=Yl+32
20130 NEXT
20140 VI =1535
20150 FORZ 1=1504TO1519: POKEZ 1 , Cl
-1 :P0KEV1 , Cl-1 : V1=V1-1 : NEXT
20155 RETURN
20170 IFS*="Y" THEN END
30000 CLS0:PRINT@96, " "
30005 PR I NT© 102, "COPYRIGHT <C> 1
982"
30007 PR I NT© 128," "
30010 PRINT0134, "J. J. SCHMIDT"
30017 PR I NT© 160, " "
30020 PR I NT© 166, "ALL RIGHTS RESE
RVED"
30030 FORYY=1TO500:NEXT:GOTO70
216 the RAINBOW July 1983
AARDVARK
TRS-80 COLOR COMMODORE 24 VIC-20 SINCLAIR/TIMEX TI99
QUEST - A NEW IDEA IN ADVENTURE
GAMESI Different from all the others.
Quest is played on a computer generated
map of Alesia. Your job is to gather men
and supplies by combat, bargaining, explor-
ation of ruins and temples and outright
banditry. When your force is strong enough,
you attack the Citadel of Moorlock in a
life or death battle to the finish. Playable
in 2 to 5 hours, this one is different every
time. 16k TI99, TRS-80 Color, and Sinclair,
13K VIC-20. $14.95 each.
ADVENTURES!!!
The Adventures below are written in BASIC,
are full featured, fast action, full plotted ad-
ventures that take 30-50 hours to play. (Ad-
ventures are interactive fantasies. It's like
reading a book except that you are the main
character as you give the computer, com-
mands like "Look in the Coffin" and*"Light
the torch.")
Adventuring requires 16k on Sinclair,
TRS-80, and TRS-80 Color. They require 8k
on OSI and 13k on VIC-20. Sinclair requires
extended BASIC. Now available for TI99.
Any Commodore 64.
$14.95 Tape — $19.95 Disk.
ESCAPE FROM MARS
(by Rodger Olsen)
This ADVENTURE takes place on the RED
PLANET. You'll have to explore a Martian
32K TRS 80 COLOR Version $24.95. city and deal with possibly hostile aliens to
Adds a second level with dungeons and survive this one. A good first adventure.
more Questing.
PYRAMID (by Rodger Olsen)
This is our most challenging ADVENTURE.
It is a treasure hunt in a pyramid full of
problems. Exciting and tough I
DERELICT
(by Rodger Olsen & Bob Anderson)
New winner in the toughest adventure from
Aardvark sweepstakes. This one takes place
on an alien ship that has been deserted for a
thousand years — and is still dangerous!
Dungeons of Death — Just for the 16k TRS-
80 COLOR, this is the first D&D type game
good enough to qualify at Aardvark. This is
serious D&D that allows 1 to 6 players to go
on a Dragon Hunting, Monster Killing, Dun-
geon Exploring Quest. Played on an on-
screen map, you get a choice of race and
character (Human, Dwarf, Soldier, Wizard,
etc.), a chance to grow from game to game,
and a 15 page manual. At the normal price
for an Adventure ($14.95 tape, $19.95 disk),
PLANET RAIDERS — Not just another de-
fenders copy, this is an original program
good in its own right. You pilot a one man
ship across a planetary surface dogfighting
with alien ships and blasting ground installa-
tions while you rescue stranded troopers.
Rescue all the troopers and be transported
to another harder, faster battle. Joysticks
required. ALL MACHINE CODE! EDSONS
BEST! 16K Tape TRS80COLOR $19.95 -
32 K Disk $21.95.
BASIC THAT ZOOOMMS!!
AT LAST AN AFFORDABLE COMPILER!
The compiler allows you to write your
programs in easy BASIC and then auto-
matically generates a machine code equiv-
alent that runs 50 to 150 times faster.
It does have some limitations. It takes at
least 8k of RAM to run the compiler and it
does only support a subset of BASIC—
about 20 commands including FOR, NEXT,
EN D, GOSU B, GOTO, IF, THEN, RETURN,
END, PRINT, STOP, USR (X), PEEK,
POKE, *,/,+, -, > , < ,=, VARIABLE
NAMES A-Z, SUBSCRIPTED VARIABLES,
and INTEGER NUMBERS FORM 0-64K.
TINY COMPILER is written in BASIC. It
generates native, relocatable 6502 or 6809
code. It comes with a 20-page manual and
can be modified or augmented by the user.
$24.95 on tape or disk for OSI, TRS-80
Color, VIC 20, or Commodore 64.
SEAWOLFE - ALL MACHINE CODE In
this high speed arcade game, you lay out
patterns of torpedoes ahead of the attacking
PT boats. Requires Joysticks, at least 13k
RAM, and fast reflexes. Lots of Color and
Sound. A fun game. Tape or Disk for Vic20,
Commodore 64, and TRS-80 Color.
$14.95 Tape - $19.95 Disk.
Dealers — We have the best deal going for
you. Good discounts, exchange programs,
and factory support. Send for Dealer Infor-
mation.
CATERPILLAR
O.K., the Caterpillar does look a lot like a
Centipede. We have spiders, falling fleas,
monsters traipsing across the screen, poison
mushrooms, and a lot of other familiar
stuff. COLOR 80 requires 16k and Joy-
sticks. This is Edson's best game to date.
$19(95 for TRS 80 COLOR.
this is a giveaway.
WIZARDS TOWER — This is very similar to
Quest (see above). We added wizards, magic,
dragons, and dungeons to come up with a
Quest with a D&D flavor. It requires 16k
extended color BASIC. $14.95 Tape,
$19.95 Disk. VIC 20 Commodore 64.
Authors — Aardvark pays the highest com-
missions in the industry and gives programs
the widest possible advertising coverage.
Send a Self Addressed Stamped Envelope
for our Authors Information Package.
Adventures and Quest new available
for TI99
Please specify system on all orders
ALSO FROM AARDVARK — This is only a partial list of what we carry. We have a lot of other games (particularly for the
TRS-80 Color and OSI), business programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1.00 for our complete catalog.
AARDVARK
2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, Ml 48088 / (31 3) 669-31 1 0
Phone Orders Accepted 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri.
$2.00 shipping on each order
RAINBOW
CONSTRUCTION
Work St
:ation
On W
heels
By Richard Giovanoni
This lcc Gocart Brings Home Economy
Of Organization Rather Than Mileage
T his past Christmas, when I added a printer to my
TRS-80 Color Computer, it became obvious that 1
would have to consolidate my work area. Too
many cables and cords, and space was becoming a prob-
lem. Two of my sons were home from college: it’s amaz-
ing how they consume food and space in an exponential
relationship to their presence. Necessity, then, was the
mother of my prototype portable computer center, lcc
Gocart.
Now my total operation is contained within a four-
square-foot area. It’s on wheels and 1 can retreat to any
leftover space in the house. The computer, printer,
recorder, tapes, notebooks and magazines have all been
stacked and shelved in a converted stereo cabinet. (The
cheap kind that go for about $20 on sale.) The overall
.MATIffAt.: 1
i, JL - r .
-f'xlnUai
NOH< :
— j-juayu. ,i*)acUu
0 ( 0
T
jn
SHUT
~\ r
\
setup is shown on page 2 of the plans.
Since this was my prototype, a good deal of the con-
struction was dictated by what odds and ends I had on
hand. This included the stereo cabinet which no longer
was in use. As it turned out, the system has worked so well
that I haven’t even taken the time to finish it up properly.
The pristine beauty of its rough hewn plywood remains
intact for all to admire.
Construction
Building the Gocart was done in two stages, the base
and the equipment-holding upper section.
It all started with the basic stereo cabinet; it set the size,
and because it was available, meant the project could be
completed sooner. Five major modifications were needed
to fill my requirements.
1) Metal reinforcing angles were
added to all four corners on the
back of the cabinet to make the
unit more solid.
2) I added the casters along the
bottom, using eight of them
mounted on pieces of scrap one
inch board. I figured eight of
them were needed to distribute
the load and provide stability.
The second sliding shelf was in
stalled four inches down from
the top. In my case this is a piece
of half inch plywood, 20 x 15
inches. Strips of half-inch quar-
ter round molding make up the
rails as shown in Detail A on
page I of the plans.
4) A I /2 inch hole was cut in the
middle of the back panel about
two inches down from the top so
the recorder cord and cable could
be brought out to the power
outlet and computer.
3 )
218 the RAINBOW July 1983
5) To provide support for the TV, an end support, 12
inches wide was added to the left side between the
upper and lower shelves. By inserting the extra shelf
as shown, I picked up a place for my notebooks and
other miscellaneous stuff that I tend to accumulate.
Once this task was complete I could attack the construc-
tion of the equipment bay shown in the plans on page 1 .
I figured out how to stack up the rest of the equipment
so that 1 could get at, and see everything in the most
efficient manner for me. I’m right handed, over six feet,
and a lousy typist, all of which influenced my set up and
some of the vertical dimensions.
Page I of the plans shows the layout of the pieces that
make up the equipment bay. They were all cut out of half
inch plywood. After the rails for the sliding shelves have
been put on with glue and brads the sides can be
assembled to the base. I used glue and four penny finish
nails. By slipping in the shelves at this time the proper
spacing can be maintained while the
TV shelf is hammered home. At this
point the unit is solid as a rock. The
printer shelf is installed last. All those
1!4 inch holes are for getting the
cables and cords routed to the proper
place and still keeping them out of
the way.
The completed bay was lined up on
top of the base and clamped in place
while I drilled % inch holes at each
end down through the top shelf of the
base. Quarter-inch bolts and wing
nuts installed through these holes
make everything secure and allow for
easy removal.
The easel holds papers or maga-
zines when typing programs. The
location is a must for me. As a hunt
and peck, two-fingered typist I have
to have the copy as close to the key-
board as possible. That’s one of the
main reasons for my “in-line” arran-
gement of the equipment. This setup
also makes it easier to check the text against the screen
when trying to find typing bugs.
T o attach the easel I used an old bracket that I found in
my junk box. 1 bent it to about a 60 degree angle and then
bolted it to the front edge of the printer shelf. The easel
was then attached with another bolt to the other leg of the
bracket. I found that it was best for me to adjust the
location of the easel so that the lower edge just rests on
the top of the computer case.
The easel is a piece of leftover pegboard. I glued half-
inch flat molding strips along the top and sides. A piece of
one inch inside corner molding serves as a lip that forms
the paper rest.
A short extension cord with three outlets is attached to
the back of the cabinet near the computer end. Printer,
computer and recorder power cords, fed through those
I % inch holes along the sides, all plug in here. It is close to
my left hand so that I can unplug the computer easily at
the end of a session. The excess length of the cables and
cords are coiled and secured with garbage bag ties and lie
My daughter, Mary, at the controls. The overall arrangement is
shown with the BW portable 1 use most of the time. The
recorder shelf is in the stored position.
out of the way on the base of the equipment bay under the
printer and paper shelves.
As an example of routing, the cable from the RF
modulator feeds down through the hold in the right side
of the TV shelf, out the top hole in the right side, back in
through the bottom hole and then to the computer port,
with the excess coiled up. This path keeps it out of the
way of the printer and the paper feed.
I added the optional storage shelf above the paper tray
because the space was there to use. When the printer is in
use I slide this shelf back out of the way.
If I had to do it over, I would make the printer shelf a
couple inches deeper (as shown by the dotted lines on the
plan) to give me a little more clearance for my DMP 100
printer. Obviously, this particular shelf has to be sized to
whatever printer you may have. Next time I would use
ball-type casters; it would be much easier when moving
over carpeted areas. I am still trying to figure out how to
add a built-in light.
I’m really happy with the setup and hope that it con-
tains some ideas useful to others. ^
July 1983 the RAINBOW 219
re Review
Dungeons Of Daggorath
New Adventure Standard
(Editor’s Note: This review is made possible through an
advance copy of the program provided to the Rainbow b v
Radio Shack.)
We seem to be breaking frontiers all over the place for
CoCo these days. The arcade games get better and better yet;
the utilities become more and more powerful; the abilities of
our favorite computer seem to grow more and more each
month in regard to data bases, word processing and the like.
Now, in the world of Adventure gaming, there is a new
standard. It is called Dungeons of Daggorath. It is from
Radio Shack, available in a Program Pax.
Frankly, it is one of a kind — yet I expect to see more of its
ilk in the months ahead. The reason is simply that once
someone does something, the way they do it tends to get
around.
In the case of Dungeons of Daggorath, this is a clear
bonus for us all.
As most everyone who reads this magazine for very long
will know, 1 am hooked on Adventure games. Now, 1 con-
fess to not being very good (the pressure of a monthly
deadline seems to slow down the time 1 have to analyze
them), but 1 love to play ’em.
Thus far. Dungeons of Daggorath is simply the best
Adventure game 1 have played to date. In fact, it is almost a
falsehood to say that it is an Adventure — because the action
gets fast and furious, much like many of the better arcade
games I’ve enjoyed. In short, it is more an Adventure/ Ar-
cade offering than anything else!
☆ COLONIAL TRILOGY*
THREE INCREDIBLE NEW GAMES
FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
HI RES — 32K — EXT BASIC
COLONIAL WARS: two player game on a galactic scale
WITH HYCOMP'S UNIQUE SPLIT SCREEN CONCEPT-IT'S ALMOST
LIKE HAVING A SEPARATE MONITOR FOR EACH PLAYERI COLONIZE
AND BATTLE FOR CONTROL OF AN 11 STAR SYSTEM WHILE
COMMANDING MASSIVE BATTLECARRIERS, FIGHTER SQUADRONS,
FREIGHTERS, AND PLANETARY DEFENSE. WITH GAME SAVE(3-8hrs)
ZYRONlTWO PLAYERS BATTLE WITHIN AN ASTEROID FIELD WITH
SHIPS BUILT TO THEIR OWN SPECIFICATIONS. TWO SCENARIOS
INCLUDED-ONE PLAYER TRIES TO SLIP FREIGHTERS PAST THE
OTHER'S DEFENSES OR AN ALL OUT BATTLE. (2-4hrs)
QUESTAR: EXPLORE OVER 30 PLANETS AND ENCOUNTER
UNKNOWN CIVILIZATIONS, DESERTED CITIES, AND BUSY ST ARPORTS
WHILE SEARCHING FOR HIDDEN ZYRON BASES. AN EXCELLENT
ONE PLAYER GRAPHICS ADVENTURE GAME.(60-90min)
ONLY $19.95 EACH OR ALL THREE FOR $49,951
PLUS $1.50 FOR SHIPPING
CHECK OR MONEY
ORDER ONLY.
8END SASE FOR
MORE INFORMATION.
AVAILABLE ONLY FROM
*HYC0MP*
P.O. BOX 15331
TULSA, OK 74158
(918)266-6452
Thanks to an advance copy of both the documentation
and the Program Pak, we can probably stay ahead of some
of you until next month — that’s when Dungeons of Daggo-
rath goes on sale at your local Radio Shack stores and
dealerships. But, while we are, so far, the number one player
of this excellent offering, it is only fair that we tell you
something about it (this is a review, isn’t it?)
Dungeons of Daggorath is a three level, real time Adven-
ture that makes you do a bit of thinking and a lot of fast
reactingall at once. But, it also won’t let you go too fast. Oh,
I’m getting ahead of myself . . .
The screen is divided into three segments — one which
shows the area you are in — in G 3D-type maze format, the
second showing what you are holding (if anything) in each
hand. At the bottom of all this is a four-line “command
area” that lets you enter commands.
In the middle of the status area is a beating heart — yours.
As you exert yourself, the heart beats faster and faster. If it
gets going too fast, you’re a goner — which means you can’t
rush through room after room. If you do, you’ll be out of
breath and the smallest, tiniest spider might do you in. Or,
you can just overexert yourself and burst your heart then
and there.
I think this is the most true to life aspect of Dungeons of
Daggorath. Face facts: If you are a real adventurer, you
don’t go racing from room to room. And, you do have to
conserve some energy. A lot of programs do this with water
and food availability — but Dungeons handles it in real time
and completely true to life.
This is hardly the only thing which makes Dungeons of
Daggorath a superior program, however, the maze is
extremely well constructed and populated with all sorts of
creatures. There are also various kinds of objects — and dif-
ferent levels of each object. The stronger the object, the more
good it can do you.
As an example, you start with a wooden sword, which can
kill certain things. But there is also an iron sword . . . and an
“elvish” one, as well. The more powerful the sword, the
better it is for you!
Too, you only have two hands, and generally, you can
only carry one thing at a time in each. To actually use an
object, you have to specify the hand in which you are carry-
ing it. You do have a pack, though, to stow other things.
Movement is easy, using just the “M” key to move for-
ward. You can turn around, turn right or left and the like.
You can also move backwards (backpedal), something that
is often necessary in a fight to get your heart slowed down a
bit.
Incidentally, the sound is fantastic. You can hear an
opponent before you can see it (and each has its own distinct
sound). Y our heartbeat is audible, too. And, when you light
a torch, you can hear the match sizzle.
Commands can be abbreviated (but must be separated by
a space, which can be frustrating) and there is a save game
feature (to cassette). The only thing we didn’t like was that
there is no “scor e" perse, you either live or die. We think the
addition of some sort of status after death would be a nice
addition to Dungeons of Daggorath.
This game is not for the novice adventurer, nor for the
novice arcade player, either. But, with a little skill and
thinking (fast thinking). Dungeons of Daggorath will pro-
vide you with more fun than you’ve had in quite a while.
Dungeons of Daggorath: A great game!
(At Radio Shack stores, dealers and computer centers,
$29.95)
— Lonnie Falk
220 the RAINBOW July 1983
Software Revie\
Fastape: ML Utility
Allows High Speed I/O
Much has been said lately about the high-speed, or
vitamin E POKE {or our CoCo. While in this mode. BASIC
programs will run about 30 percent faster, making number
crunching and arcade-type programs execute at a more
satisfactory speed. The major problem in using high-speed is
that you cannot do any I/O operations to your cassette,
printer, ordisk. If you do, you will find out the true meaning
of “I/O error” or possibly a “locked up” system. What we
need is a way to have our cake and eat it too.
Fastape is a machine language utility that will solve most
of these problems. With it, you can save and load programs
and data from cassette, and use your printer, all while
remaining in high-speed mode. Once loaded, the program
will auto-execute and automatically adjust itself for the
amount of memory you have. Unlike most machine lan-
guage utilities, it is not necessary to reserve space for it, by
means of a CLEAR statement, before loading it in.
Using Fastape could not be easier. It operates in four
modes. The first two are the high and low (or normal) speed
CPU modes. These modes will have your CoCo running in
either the high or low speed mode of operation, just as if you
had entered the proper POKEs. Each of these modes, in
turn, have two speed modes for cassette operations. The
high speed cassette mode will save and load your files in
almost exactly one-half the normal time. Unbelievable, but
true! The low speed mode (did you guess it already?) oper-
ates just as if the program was not running.
With the combination of these four modes, you can save
or load data in any desired format. This allows for the
necessary flexibility when you first start to use the program,
by enabling you to load your existing tapes, and then to save
them out in the high-speed format. You can even load tapes
created in the high-speed CPU mode that were saved with-
out using the program (possibly by accident).
When using your printer with Fastape, it will auto-
matically adjust the baud rate for you, so that your printer
will produce the listings you want, instead of garbage. If you
operate your printer at a rate other than the default of 600
baud, all you have to do is to enter the necessary POKE
prior to loading the program, or while it is running in the
low-speed CPU mode.
Switching between operating modes is accomplished by
holding down the “control”(down arrow) key and pressing
the number I to4 key, depending on which of the modes you
want. The control key can also be used to speed up the entry
of some common BASIC commands. These include the
audio, motor, and cassette commands, as well as a few
others. In addition, you can use it to find out which of the
modes you are in, in case you have forgotten.
Fastape is a great utility program that should prove to be
boon to all cassette users. The documentation explains ever-
ything you need to know in order to use it without any
problems, and it works like a champ. If you are tired of
waiting for those tapes to load, I strongly recommend that
you buy this fine utility. If I could only figure out how it
works.
(SpectroSystems, 11111 North Kendall Drive, Suite A108,
Miami, FL 33176, $21.95 tape)
— Gerry Schechter
Federal Hill Software
Coco-Acountant!
Were your taxes a mess this year? Make those
deductions a breeze! Use data from up to 450 canceled
checks for reports of expenditures by month, account of
payee! Flags deductible checks, checks subject to sales tax-
•even computes the sales tax you paid. Lists to screen or
printer. $15.95 on tape, $21.95 on disk.32K
CREDIT ACCOUNTANT performs same functions for
credit card expenditures. Only $9.95 when ordered with
Coco-Accountant (tape or disk).
Blackjaq!
As close as you can come to the real thing without
losing your shirt. Full casino simulation - - up to 5 players
and 9 decks. Computer plays vacant hands by card count-
ing rules, gives counting pointers, keeps track of winnings
and will even print out results of every hand! Keyboard or
joystick. Nothing else like it in 16K Ext. $19.95 on tape,
$24.95 on disk.
The Handicapper!
Use the power of your COCo to improve your
performance at the track! Separate 16K programs for
thoroughbred and harness horses apply proven handicapping
techniques using speed, pace, post position, past perfor-
mance, driver or jockey record and horse's attributes.
Simple enough for the beginner - - sophisticated enough for
the veteran horseplayer. Detailed instructions. Does not
require Extended Basic. Harness Handicapper or Thorough-
bred Handicapper, $24.95 on tape. Both programs, $39.95.
Printer Artist!
Turn your printer into an artist with this unique
series of 16K Ext. programs. Create drawings of birds and
animals, sports figures, ships, holiday and patriotic scenes,
famous Americans and others. Set up a file of printer art
on disk or tape. Includes 12 ready-to-run pictures and
simple instructions for 40 more. Complete documentation
and guide to creating your own art. $19.95 on tape.
Koko Math!
Teachers and parents: Are your kids bored with dull
educational programs? Let Koko the Math Clown make
arithmetic a joy! Get 10 problems right and give him a
bath! All operations, three levels of difficulty. Colorful
graphics and music. Does not require Extended Basic.
$8.95 on tape.
Federal Hill Software
825 William Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21230
July 1983 the RAINBOW 221
SAVE!!!
AT ARIZONA DISCOUNT SOFTWARE YOU CAN SAVE ON ALL SORTS
OF SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE ITEMS FOR YOUR COLOR COM-
PUTER OR TDP 100!! (TDP IS A TRADEMARK OF TANDY)
CHECK THESE OUT!!!
GAMES 15% OFF!!!!
TAPE
DISK
ZAXXON (DATASOFT)
$33.95*
N/A
ZAKSUND (ELITE)
21.20*
$23.75
THE KING (MIX)
24.60*
25.45
SHARK TREASURE (COMPUTERWARE)
18.65
22.90
SPACE SHUTTLE (MIX)
24.60*
THE FROG (MIX)
23.75
26.30
TRAPFALL (MIX)
23.75
26.30
*32K PROGRAM
PLUS!!!
ALL OTHER TOM MIX, COMPUTERWARE AND PETROCCI
PROGRAMS 15% OFF!!!!
ALL PRICKLY PEAR PROGRAMS 20% OFF!!!!
ALL MARK DATA PROGRAMS 20% OFF!!!!
(NOTE: LIMITED QUANTITIES ON SOME ITEMS)
UTILITIES AND BUSINESS APPLICATIONS 15% OFF!!!!
THE NELSON SUPER COLOR LIBRARY
TAPE
ROMPK
DISK
SUPER COLOR WRITER 3.0
$59.45
$76.45
$84.95
SUPER COLOR MAILER
33.95
N/A
50.95
SUPER COLOR CALC
N/A
76.45
84.95
SUPER COLOR DISK-ZAP
N/A
N/A
42.45
SUPER COLOR TERMINAL
42.50
50.95
59.45
SUPER COLOR SPELLER
N/A
N/A
59.45
SUPER COLOR DATABASE
N/A
N/A
67.95
THE ENTIRE SUPER COLOR LIBRARY
(DISK ONLY) SAVE 20% OVER LIST
423.75
TAPE
DISK
TELEWRITER 64 (COGNITEC)
$42.45
$50.95
TOOLKIT (ARZIN)
25.45
DISK MANAGER (PRICKLY PEAR)
N/A
25.45
DISK MASTER (PRICKLY PEAR)
N/A
21.20
64 K SCREEN EXPANDER (COMPUTERWARE)
21.20
N/A
FRANK HOGG LABS 10% OFF
FLEX
89.00
FLEX & D/BASIC PKG
1 1 7.00
D/BASIC
36.00
HARDWARE VALUES!!!!
LIKE OUR SOFTWARE VALUES,
ARIZONA DISCOUNT
SOFTWARE
ALWAYS DISCOUNTS HARDWARE, LOOK AT THESE BARGAINS!!!!
64K RAM CHIP SET
49.95
R/S DISK INTERFACE
149.95
DRIVE O FOR THE COCO
(Tandon Drive and R/S Interface —
Save $175 over R/S
424.95
MARK DATA PROFESSIONAL KEYBOARD
59.95
"F" BOARD AND TDP VERSION
64.95
LCA 47 LOWER CASE ADAPTER
59.95
COCO SWITCH (RS-232 SWITCH ■
■3 WAY)
29.95
DRIVE CABLES
ONE DRIVE
TWO DRIVES FOUR DRIVES
Gold Contacts 24.95
34.95
44.95
Standard Contacts 19.95
24.95
34.95
IF YOU DON’T SEE IT — CALL!
CALL ABOUT CUSTOM MODS/CALL OUR 24 HR BBS (602) 245-0488
TO ORDER
ADD $2.00 POSTAGE AND HANDLING, $1.50 C.O.D.
ARIZONA RESIDENTS ADD 6% SALES TAX
MAX. C.O.D. ORDER $50.00
Send Check or Money Order To:
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1110 S. ALMA SCHOOL SUITE 5-159
MESA, AZ 85202
PHONE (602) 231-0080 (11 am-12m EDT)
COMPUSERVE I.D. # 71715,2001
mill ’ I
Morocco Gran Prix
Roars With Action
In Morocco Gran Prix, Computerware’s newest graphics
game for the Color Computer, you are a pit crew member at
the local race track. During qualifications, the world famous
race driver Juan “el Racero” Gomez becomes sick on gaso-
line vapors. You decide to take advantage of the opportun-
ity to take the high powered racer for a test drive, but little
did you know that the race would begin as soon as you hit
the track.
Once the game has loaded, you see the instruction screen.
The racer is controlled with the right joystick. Left to right
controls your steering, while forward and back controls
your speed.
An overhead view of the brightly colored racer appears at
the pits on the side. To begin the game just cross over the
guard rail. A timer is instantly activated and the race is on!
The timer begins counting down at 100 seconds. Points are
awarded for the amount of time you stay on the track. The
faster you drive, the more points you accumulate. If you
crash, you end up at the pits on the side. To re-enter the
track, just cross over the guard rail. Occasionally, you
encounter night driving conditions and snow covered roads,
just to keep you from getting bored. There are also a few
surprises, such as fire trucks and the like. If you get over
2000 points by the time the timer runs out, you are awarded
with an extended play. Morocco Gran Prix keeps track of
the top ten scores.
The wisest strategy when racing is to start off fast. Once
you pass by a car, don’t worry about it anymore — it’s out of
the picture. All danger lies ahead. Develop a sense of timing
early in the game as to how frequently other autos show up.
At those times, slow down and survey the scene. If the racers
ahead can be easily passed, then resume top speed. Of
course, the best strategy is practice. And that’s what you’ll
want to do, because Morocco Gran Prix is addicting!
Not only is the action portion of Morocco Gran Prix
spectacular, but the game is a visual triumph as well. The
racers themselves are handsomely detailed with color rival-
ing most coin-op video games. The only things missing are
curves and road signs. The track remains straight through-
out the entire game, and there are no road signs to add to the
visual effects of the game. A red caution flag does appear
once in a great while just before the fire truck hits the track.
The sound effects are about average for the Color Compu-
ter, and are nothing short of spectacular when you crash
(though it would be nice if the fire truck had a siren!).
Morocco Gran Prix is delightful to look at and a blast to
play. Computerware should be congratulated for their work
in this new racing game for the Color Computer.
(Computerware, Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024, 32K Mach-
ing Language, $24.95)
—Barry Younce
222 the RAINBOW July 1983
Software Review
Fast Action And Great Graphics
Make Planet Invasion Challenging
As I loaded this 16K machine language program from
Spectral Associates into my CoCo, I sighed at the prospect
of what I thought would be just another space arcade game,
but 1 soon discovered that the outstanding graphics and
animation put this game in a class by itself.
Planet Invasion is a “ Defender -type” arcade game. You
are required to cruise above the planet’s surface locating and
destroying wave after wave of Praetorian invaders. The
playing area extends off the screen in both directions, but
author Steve Geiseking had the foresight to provide our ship
with a long range scanner which helps determing the exact
locations of the invaders. You are given a certain amount of
time to destroy each wave or the invaders will begin to fire
chasers at you, and these are extremely difficult to avoid.
Developing an ability to use the long range scanner is impor-
tant because it will save you a lot of time and will help to
destroy a wave quickly before any of the deadly chasers
appear.
In addition to the chasers, each wave is made up of
different types of enemy craft, each with different character-
istics. Grabbers will fire at you while they lower themselves
to the planet’s surface in order to grab the caloxin crystals
which dot the terrain. After grabbing a caloxin crystal, they
lift off and begin moving toward the top of the screen. There
are two reasons why it is important to destroy the grabbers
before they ascend to the top of the screen. First, if a grabber
succeeds in reaching the top with a caloxin crystal it
becomes a killer — a deadly, intelligent craft which seeks you
out and spews rapid fire. Second, if the enemy succeeds in
capturing or destroying all your caloxin crystals, you will be
forced to fight “in the outer reaches of space far from the
planet’s surface.” What this means is that the display of the
planet’s terrain disappears and only your ship and those of
the enemy are displayed. Before this happened to me the first
time 1 didn’t think that it would make much difference, but,
boy, does it! Without the surface of the planet scrolling by
beneath you all sense of speed is lost and tracking and
destroying the enemy becomes doubly difficult.
You can avoid this calamity by preserving your caloxin
crystals. There are three ways to do this. First, of course, you
can destroy the grabbers before they seize any crystals. This
is an okay strategy for about the first two waves; after that,
there are just too many of them for this to be effective.
Second, you can destroy a grabber after it has seized a
crystal and begun its acent. If the grabber is destroyed at a
low altitude, the caloxin crystal will drop back to the
planet’s surface unharmed. Finally, if you are forced to
destroy a grabber with a crystal at a high altitude you can
catch the caloxin crystal in mid-air and return it safely to the
planet’s surface; otherwise the crystal will be destroyed when
it hits the surface.
In addition to the pesky grabbers and chasers, the Praeto-
rians have an array of sophisticated weaponry pitted against
you. Among these are miners which move slowly about the
screen leaving mines which will destroy you if you collide
with them. The only good thing about miners is that they are
relatively easy to shoot down because they move so slowly.
Beamers are deceptive; they sit there barely moving and are
very easy to hit, but when hit, they split into three berserkers
and, boy, is that an appropriate name! These little attackers
are difficult to shoot down because of their small size and
their violently evasive maneuvers. They are intelligent
trackers and literally spew out lethal rapid fire.
Fortunately our ship is equipped with three “smart
bombs” which, when released, destroy all enemy ships pres-
ently on the screen. However, there are so few of them that
one must be very judicious in their use. Fire them only when
the screen is crammed with Praetorians or when you are
threatened by a chaser.
Your ship is controlled by a combination of joystick and
keyboard inputs. The right joystick controls elevation,
direction and speed. If the joystick is positioned to the left,
our craft moves to the left (that is, the screen scrolls to the
right) and the further left the joystick is moved the faster the
ship moves. I like this combination of speed and direction in
one control. The fire button controls the laser fire and if you
hold the button down you get continuous rapid fire, a fea-
ture 1 like very much. It really saves wear and tear on the old
trigger finger. There is a tendency to fly along with the laser
firing at all times but this doesn’t really give you much of an
advantage. Pressing the space bar fires one of the smart
bombs, and pressing the “H” key moves your ship into
hyperspace; that is, it moves you immediately to some other
portion of the battle area. This can be very helpful when you
find yourself in an area teeming with Praetorians and you
want to get out fast.
On-screen scoring is provided and also high score for the
session is displayed. You are also kept informed as to the
number of ships remaining, the number of smart bombs
remaining and the current Praetorian wave number. Docu-
mentation is adequate.
If you enjoy good space games then this one is for you.
Another plus: Spectral Associates says it will replace the
tape for only $1.50 should it be accidentally erased or
become unusable for any other reason. (How can you go
wrong with a deal like that?) For disk users, instructions are
provided for transferring the program to disk.
(Spectral Associates, 141 Harvard Avenue, Tacoma, WA
98455, S21.95)
— David Johnson
K-2 READING PHONICS
OLD MCDONALD'S
FARM VOWELS
A game like drill program to present long and
short vowels with words, pictures and spoken
messages. Teacher generated for home and
school Five challenging levels with scoring,
rewards and reinforcement.
For COCO Color Computers with 16K Ext
Color BASIC & cass. OMF $14.95 + 2 00 ship-
ping VISA & M C
RAINBOW
TEKSYM CORPORATION
14504 County Road 15
Minneapolis. MN 55441
July 1983 the RAINBOW 223
RECEIVED & CER TIFIED
The following products have been recently received by the Rainbow , examined by our magazine staff and approved
for the Rainbow Seal of Certification , your assurance that we have seen the product and have ascertained that it is
what it purports to be.
This month the Seal of Certification has been issued to:
Scramble, a I6K word game for two to four
players. Objective: opponents alternate enter-
ing a 4-15 letter word, the computer scram-
bles the word, and your opponent must
unscramble the word in 214 minutes. Four
skill levels. Kaleidoscopic Creations, P.O.
Box 1284, Melrose Park, IL 60160, tape
$15.95.
The Computer Camp Book, a ( 8 14 ” x 11”,
227-page, soft-cover) book on computer
camps and how to become a computer liter-
ate. First, it is a manual on how to start your
own computer camp; second, it is a guide to
computer camps, and third, it tells you how
to become a computer literate. YSCC, 8327
Sheridan Lane, Eden Prairie, MN, $12.95.
TNT-ALYZ, an electronic circuit analysis
program of interest to electronic hobbyists,
hams, and engineers. This program is capa-
ble of computing the gain and phase re-
sponse of complex electronic circuits. In-
cludes a 30-page manual. TNT Software,
Route 2, Box 76 D, Manor, TX 78653, tape
$29.95.
Fasfape, a 32K program which doubles the
speed of your cassette operations and allows
you full use of your cassette and printer,
while the computer is running at high speed
mode. Spectro Systems, 1 1 1 1 1 N. Kendall
Drive, Suite A-108, Miami, FL 33176, tape
$21.95.
Function Graphing Module, a I6K program
that allows you to graph functions of a single
variable on the high resolution graphics
screen of your computer. Includes a 53-page
manual. Calcsoft, P.O. Box 401, St. Ann,
MO 63074, tape $19.95.
Amortise, a 16K program which allows you
to print amotization charts. Showing for
each month, the date due, amount to princi-
pal, amount to interest, total interest to date,
balance still owing and totals for each year.
Dataman, Box 431, Station B, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8L 7W2, tape $9.95.
CoCo Copy, a 16K machine language pro-
gram that will copy BASIC or machine lan-
guage programs including most automatic
start programs. Dataman, Box 431, Station
B, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8L 7W2,
tape $12.95.
Pretty Printer, a 1 6K machine language util-
ity program that will allow you to write your
code in a compact form and list to the screen
or printer in an easy to read format. Data-
man, Box 431, Station B, Hamilton, Onta-
rio, Canada L8L 7W2, tape $12.95.
P.U.F.F., Printer Utility File Formatter, a
1 6K program which turns any word proces-
sor into a super printer formatter. Dataman,
Box 431, Station B, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada, L8L 7W2, tape $24.95.
Fraction Math Quiz, a 16K drill program
with five skill levels from introductory ele-
mentary school to advanced high school
fractions, includes seven fraction operations
and multiple choice format. Creative Tech-
nical Consultants, P.O. Box 652, Cedar
Crest, NM 87008, tape $14.95.
Fire Copter, a 32K full color graphics game
for one to two players. Objective: you are
aboard the Fire Copter, trying to keep your
city from being burned to the ground by the
minions of Pyro Maniac — the firedroids,
while putting out the fires and destroying the
firedroids. Adventure International, P.O.
Box 3435, Longwood, FL 32750, tape
$24.95.
Sea Dragon, a 32K arcade game with seven
skill levels for one or two players. Objective:
you are sea captain of the nuclear sub — the
Sea Dragon; make it through the mine field
to reach your target— the Master mine— as
you snake through treacherous underwater
passages, avoiding mines, depth charges,
stalactites, and enemy attack stations along
your way. Adventure International, P.O.
Box 3435, Longwood, FL 32750, tape
$34.95.
Grafplot, a 16K graph drawing program
used to turn your computer into a data plot-
ter producing graphs of any type of X-Y
data. Hawkes Research Services, 1442 Sixth
Street, Berkeley, CA 94710, Tape $35, 32K
disk $45.
An Adventure in Murder, a mystery game.
Objective: you are a detective hired to find
the murderer of Mrs. McDermitt. While
searching through her four-floor mansion
you are given clues and a list of suspects
enabling you to determine the murderer.
Mr. R’s Software, 68 Kelly Road, South
Windsor, CT 06074, tape $14.95.
Zarconian Marble, a 16K checker-style stra-
tegy game for one or two players. Objective:
play against the computer or an opponent
and be the first to either get five marbles in a
row or first to make five captures. CoCo
Hut, P.O. Box 24451, Houston, TX 77015,
tape $19.95.
8-Ball, (Rom Pac) a I6K arcade-type pool
game for two players. Objective: try and be
first to sink all of your balls and then the
8-ball to win the game. Anteco Software,
P.O. Box 14728, 4220 Clay Avenue, Fort
Worth, TX 67117, $29.95.
Family, a 32K genealogical data base pro-
gram for up to eight generations and 255
ancestors. Prints pedigree charts, family
groups and a reference index. Available
from The Word Merchant, P.O. Box 232,
Lititz, PA 17543, tape $9.95.
Pie Chart, a I6K graphing program which
allows you to enter data such as monthly
bills, yearly expenditures, etc. Harmonycs,
P.O.Box 1573, Salt Lake City, UT 84110,
tape $10.95.
Help! Color Computer Reference System, a
(4” x 6”, 99-page, ringbound, soft-cover) ref-
erence system designed to provide the be-
ginning programmer with the essential infor-
mation needed to write personal and work-
able programs. Wright Books, 54 Vly Road,
Albany, NY 12205, $9.95.
Rainbow-Writer, a 1 6K high resolution gra-
phics text display utility which allows you to
write text on any graphics screen in rainbow
colors. Rainbow Connection Software, 3514
6th Place, NW, Rochester, MN 55901, disk
$32.95.
Electronic Calligrapher, a I6K disk based
calligraphing program that when used with a
printer capable of dot matrix graphics will
print any line, up to 25 characters, in either
an Old English or Chancery cursive-type
font. DSL Computer Products, Inc. 13726
West Warren, Dearborn, Ml 48126, disk
$18.95.
Pie Zapper, a high resolution graphics pro-
gram that produces pie charts on the screen.
Includes a 26-page manual. Southern Soft-
ware Systems, 485 T ropical Trail, Suite 109,
Merritt Island, FL 32952, tape $15.95, disk
$19.95.
Convert, a I6K program that will convert
units of length, volume, area or weight from,
or to, the equivalent imperial, metric, nauti-
cal or historical systems of measurement.
Dataman, Box 431, Station B, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8L 7W2, tape $9.95.
Filmastr, a general purpose database man-
ager in data entry screen format which holds
up to 20 data fields. The Computer House,
Box 1051, DuBois, PA 15801 , tape $29.95,
disk $34.95.
Time& Money, a financial planningaid that
will determine the value of investments and
compare various methods of handling invest-
ments. The Computer House, Box 1051,
DuBois, PA 15801, tape $ 19.95, disk $24.95.
Master Control II, a 1 6K machine language
program designed to increase the speed it
takes to write BASIC programs. Includes a
224 the RAINBOW July 1983
plastic keyboard overlay. Soft Sector Mar-
keting, Inc., 6250 Middlebelt, Garden City,
MI 48135, tape SI9.95. SSM is offering
owners of the original Master Control an
update to the newer version for $8 plus $2
S & H.
Color Graphics Editor (CGE), a 16K ma-
chine language program that allows you to
create on screen high resolution graphics
which can also be transferred to disk. Soft
Sector Marketing, Inc., 6250 Middlebelt,
Garden City, MI 48135, tape $19.95.
Color Caterpillar, a 16K machine language
arcade-style game for one or two players.
Objective: destroy the caterpillar in seg-
ments by firing missiles and gaining points
by killing off mushrooms, tarantulas, and
beetles. Soft Sector Marketing, Inc., 6250
Middlebelt, Garden City, MI 48135, tape
$19.95.
Colonial Trilogy, a series of three new 32K
games with high resolution graphics. Volume
I, Colonial Wars, a two-player space battle
game with a split screen concept. Objective:
colonize and battle for control of an eleven-
star system while commanding massive bat-
tle carriers, fighter squadrons, freighters and
planetary defenses. Volume II, Zyron, a
space battle game for two players. Objective:
battle within an asteroid field while one
player tries to slip freighters past the others'
defenses. Volume III, Questar,an adventure
game for one player. Objective: explore over
30 planets and encounter unknown civiliza-
tions, deserted cities, and busy starports
while searching for hidden Zyron bases.
HYCOMP, P.O. Box 15331, Tulsa, OK
74158, $19.95 each or all three tapes for
$49.95.
BLACKJAQ!,a 16K casino simulation card
game of “21" for one to five players. Objec-
tive: beat the dealer’s hand without going
over 21 points. Federal Hill Software, 825
William Street, Baltimore, MD 21230, tape
$19.95.
Harness Handicapper, a 16K program that
applies established handicapping techniques
and the power of the computer to the ratings
of harness horses, which will enable you to
improve your betting performances at the
race track. Federal Hill Software, 825 Wil-
liam Street, Baltimore, MD 21230, tape
$24.95.
CoCo Accountant, a 32K home or small
business accounting program that allows
you to keep records of yearly expenses while
providing information at tax time without
the task of sorting through cancelled checks.
Federal Hill Software, 825 William Street.
Baltimore, MD 21230, tape $15.95, disk
$21.95.
Printer Artist, a 16K four-program cassette
and tutorial package on computer art. In-
cludes two programs containing 12 ready to
run pictures and an instruction booklet for
49 other drawings which can be created,
printed and saved to tape or disk using the
two utility programs which will enable you
to use those instructions to create pictures.
Federal Hill Software, 825 William Street,
Baltimore, MD 21230, disk $19.95.
Pick Which, a 16K machine language game
for all ages. Objective: search the screen in
an effort to choose the most desirable pic-
ture. Detailed pictures fill the screen along
with sounds. Spectral Associates, 141 Har-
vard Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98466, tape
$9.95.
Space Race, a 16K RAM machine language
game with high resolution graphics and
sound. Objective: maneuver your ship
around the four-cornered race track while
destroying alien ships and watching out for
mines laid by the swarmers. Spectral Asso-
ciates, 141 Harvard Avenue, Tacoma, WA
98466, tape $21.95.
C-Trek, a I6K space combat game. Objec-
tive: you are the captain of the ship and it is
your task to destroy all the invading forces
before they can launch their attack on the
Federal seats of power. Spectral Associates,
141 Harvard Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98466,
tape $8.95.
Color Zap, a 16K high resolution graphics
arcade game with 15 skill levels and sound.
Objective: zap the onslaught of alien attack-
ing ships as they seek to destroy you to gain
entrance to the Stargate — which you are
defending. Spectral Associates, 141 Harvard
Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98466, tape $9.95.
Home Money Manager, a disk-based per-
sonal checkbook system. It tracks data by
date, paid to, check number, account num-
ber, amount of check, and current balance.
Each of the printed reports will show month-
ly deposit total, expense total, gain or loss,
and current balance. Computerware, Box
668, Encinitas, CA 92024, disk $19.95.
Introduction to Data Communications, a
five part, I6K program requiring Extended
BASIC, designed to teach beginners the
basic ideas and terminology to use a data
communications device. Computerware,
Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024, tape $17.95.
Moon Hooper, a 32K arcade game with five
skill levels. Objective: you are out on test
maneuvers in the new exploration machine,
the Moon Hooper and must avoid being
blasted by enemy saucers while firing phas-
ers and racing toward your home base.
Computerware, Box 668, Encinitas, CA
92024, tape $24.95.
Morocco Gran Prix, a 32K race car game.
Objective: you are part of the pit crew and in
Juan “el Racero” Gomez’s absence, you
sneakingly take his high-powered racer out
for a test drive and are caught in the middle
of the actual race. See how well you can do,
avoiding crashes and demolitions. Compu-
terware. Box 668, Encinitas, CA 92024, tape
$21.95.
Indexer, a 16K machine language utility
program which produces a sorted list of var-
iables and line numbers used in your BASIC
program. ML-US’R Software, 115 Rising
Sun, Fort Mitchell, KY 41017, tape $14.95.
Label III, a I6K mail list program which will
print lists or labels of three or four line
addresses and a telephone number. Owls
Nest Software, P.O. Box 579, Ooltewah, TN
37363, tape $19.95.
Clock, a I6K machine language time clock
program that uses the interrupt that is gen-
erated by the VDG. Chroma-Systems Group,
P.O. Box 366. Dayton. OH 45420, tape
$9.95.
CCADS, Color Computer Assembly Lan-
guage Debugging System, a I6K complete
language software development monitor.
Included area 6809 line assembler and disas-
sembler, hex and ASCII memory dump,
memory alteration routines, serial printer
capabilities, and a user software execution
controller with six breakpoints, and user
register storage and modification. Chroma-
Systems Group, P.O. Box 366, Dayton, OH
45420. tape $19.95.
Unlock, a menu driven disk backup utility
which produces copies of diskettes that can-
not be backed up using the BACK UP com-
mand from BASIC. Chroma-Systems Group,
P.O. Box 366, Dayton, OH 45420, disk
$24.95.
Chroma-Keys, a 16K utility program that
will reduce the amount of time required to
key in magazine listings by adding a click
sound when a key is pressed. Chroma-
Systems Group, P.O. Box 366, Dayton, OH
45420, tape $9.95.
Program File, a 16K Extended BASIC pro-
gram that will organize your cassettes. Owls
Nest Software, P.O. Box 579, Ooltewah, TN
37363, tape $14.95.
Kodomo-no-go, a 16K or 32K Japaneese
named game for five in a row played on a 19
x 19 board. For one or two players and four
skill levels. This game is similar to tic-tac-toe
which is also included on both tapes. Inter-
cept Enterprises, P.O. Box 4016, Cherry
Hill. NJ 08034, 16K tape $14.95, 32K tape
$19.95.
Fundfile, a I6K Extended BASIC portfolio
and account management program for secur-
ities. Creates files for up to 900 transactions
and 50 securities. Parsons Software, Dept.
A, 1 18 Woodshire Drive, Parkersburg, WV
26101, disk $27.95.
The Seal of Certification program is open to all manufacturers of products for the TRS-80 Color Computer, the
TDP-100, or the Dragon-32, regardless of whether they advertise in the Rainbow. By awarding a Seal, the magazine
certifies the program does exist, but this does not constitute any guarantee of satisfaction. As soon as possible, these
hardware or software items will be forwarded to the Rainbow's reviewers for evaluation.
— Jutta Kapfhammer
July 1983 the RAINBOW 225
STATISTICS
16K
EC B
By Linda Nielsen
H
programming
aving spent a
little time in Las
Vegas recently
(most of it at the Consu-
mer Electronics Show,
honest!), 1 thought
it might be interesting to
write a bit about pro-
grams to calculate the
probabilities for some
games of chance. This is
my way of beginning to
talk about the whole area
probability and statistics.
Interestingly enough, there is no generally
accepted definition of probability among
mathematicians, even though everyone has an
intuitive understanding of what probability
means. The classical interpretation of probabil-
ity, and the one 1 will use, depends on the con-
cept of equally likely events. For example, if
you flip a coin and it has an equal chance of
showing a “heads” or a “tails,” then each of
those outcomes has a Vi or 50 percent probabil-
ity. It may be hard to imagine how equally likely
events can be found in weather forecasting, but
they are quite common in games of chance.
Let’s examine what happens when a single die
is thrown. Imagine this die is one of those six-
you see at crap tables in
Las Vegas. Before you
ever throw that cube, you
know that when it lands, a
side will be showing on
the top. You also know
that the top side will have
between one and six spots
on it. You know that you
are not going to see one
side with two hundred lit-
tle spots on it. So you
simply throw away the idea of getting two
hundred. A statistician would say that the
probability of getting two hundred in one roll of
an ordinary six-sided die is zero.
On the other hand, if the die has already been
thrown but you can’t see the top side, you can
still imagine the probabilities. If you don’t
know what happened, from your perspective
the outcome is still uncertain even though the
event happened in the past.
Since you know for certain that the number
of dots showing will be between one and six, we
say that the probability of a whole number
between one and six is equal to one. The proba-
bility of the sure or certain event is always equal
to one.
If this is a fair die, then each of the outcomes
sided kinds you once used in M onopoly or that one through six is equally likely. An unfair die is
226 the RAINBOW July 1983
D A
E R
What’s blue and red, about an inch tall, able to leap
across a Color Computer video display in a single bound,
and destined to put Inky, Winky and Stinky out to
pasture?
Danger Ranger, the
ScreenPlay. That’s who.
newest character from
Danger Ranger isn't a clone of some moldy arcade
game. It isn’t like any video game you've ever seen. It's
faster. More challenging. More fun.
Your joystick controls Danger Ranger on his mission
to make the universe safe for Mom, Brotherhood and
The American Way. First, our hero finds himself in the
surrealistic ‘Chamber of Pasha,' which consists of five
consecutive platforms. Danger Ranger has to blast his
way through radioactive bats and roving eyes to pick up
the ten keys that may spell the difference betwen survival
and death for the human race!
If Danger Ranger can muster enough skill and courage
to survive those challenges, he'll enter the 'Acid Cham-
ber.’ Here, not only do demons guard the treasure boxes
he wants to collect, but fatal drops of acid fall from the
ceiling and rise from the floor. Not a nice way to make a
living - but it makes one heck of a video game.
Danger Ranger, from ScreenPlay.
Poor Winky. Lucky you.
I6K Tape $24.95
No Extended Basic Required
ScreenPlay™
1-800-334-5470
P.O.Box 3558 Chapel Hill, NC 27514
* Rod* o S hock ond Cob / Compute/ ore tsodemerts of Tondy Corp
one of those that usually or always shows a particular
number on the top and you wouldn’t want to mess with one
like that. (In a future article I will discuss how you could
write a program to do a good job of guessing if a particular
die is a fair one or not.) If each of the numbers, one through
six, is equally likely then probability of any particular
number coming up must be 1/6. If we built a fair die with
four sides numbered one through four, then the probability
of each number between one and four being the number on
the bottom would be 1/4. Similarly, a fair, 20-sided die
numbered from one to 20 has a 1 / 20 chance of showing each
number between one and 20 and a zero probability of any
other outcome.
The probability of getting a number less than five on a
six-sided die would be the probability of getting a one or a
two or a three or a four. It isn’t possible to get both a two and
a three in one roll so we can add the probabilities of one,
two, three and four to arrive at the probability that the
number will be less than five. That is 1/6+1/6+1/6+1/6 or
4/6= 66667.
Now we are ready to write a simple program to calculate
the probability of some outcomes from a single throw of an
“N” sided die. First clean up the screen, then query the user
for the number of sides on the die.
100CLS: INPUT" HOW MANY SIDES ON THE DIE”;N
Next calculate the probability of each number using the
formula: probability=l /number of sides.
1 10P=1/N:PR1NT“THE PROBABILITY OF EACH
NUMBER FROM 1 to “’N;”IS”;P
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INTO HARD COPY
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PICTURE ON PAPER (USING
A CG P-1 15 COLOR PLOTTER)
•Machine language subroutines
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• Works with Micro Painter
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•Includes sample picture -
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Next, put in a program loop to calculate the probability
that the number of the die will be less than each of the
numbers from 1 to the highest number that exists on the die.
Statisticians call this a cumulative probability table and you
can see why:
120 FOR J=l TO N:T=0:FOR K=1 TOJ’ T=P+T:NEXTK
□OPR I NT" PROBABILITY OF<=“;J;”IS
140PR1NT USING “#.#####”; T: NEXT J
If you want the program to return to the beginning to
accept new parameters, then add these lines:
160 R$=1NKEY$:IF R$=“” THEN 160
170 GOTO 100
If you want the cumulative probability table to be sent to
the printer then change line 140 and add line 150:
140 PRINT USING“#.#####”;T;
150 PRINT#-2,“THE PROBABILITY OF - ";T:
NEXT.)
Now let us consider a more interesting question. Most
games of chance involve throwing more than one die. The
most common one 1 know of is the game of craps in which
two, six-sided dice are thrown. But there are also games like
Dungeons and Dragons which use one or more four, six,
eight, twelve and twenty-sided dice. Next, we will write a
program to determine the probability of any selected
number when you throw from one to five “N” sided dice.
Clean up the screen and ask the user for the number of dice
and the number of sides on each of the die.
100CLSJNPUT “HOW MANY DICE (1-5)”;D : INPUT
"HOW MANY SIDES”;N
Suppose we are throwing three, four-sided dice. Each of
these dice is an equilateral pyramid with sides numbered one
through four. When it lands there are three sides showing
and one facing down. Imagine that the dice are different
colors so we can distinguish among the first, second and
third die. The first die has a 1/4 chance of having a one on
the bottom side. Assuming, (and it seems a safe assumption)
that the dice don’t influence each other, the second and third
die also have a 1 / 4 chance of showing a one on the bottom.
Then the probability of a total throw of three is ( 1 /4)*( 1/4)*
(1/4) or 1/64 which is 0.015625.
Consider the event that the first die has a three, the second
die has a two and the third die has a one on the bottom. This
exact event also has a probability of (l/4)*(l/4)*(l/4) or
0.015625. Notice, however, that the sum of the die is now
3+2+1 or six, and we can get a six in several different ways.
In tabular form we could get a six by:
First Die
1
1
4
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
Second Die
1
4
1
2
3
1
3
1
2
2
Third Die
4
1
1
3
2
3
1
2
1
2
228 the RAINBOW July 1983
In all there are ten different ways that we could get a six
from the roll of three four-sided dice. Each of these ten
different sequences is equally likely. That is, each of the
sequences has a probability of 0.0 1 5625. Nevertheless, when
rolling several dice, we are usually interested in the sum and
not in the precise order of each die. So if we are interested in
the probability of a six in this example it would be 0.0 1 5625
+ 0.015625 + 0.0 1 5625 etc for ten times. More simply, that is
10 x 0.015625 or 0.15625.
We want to use our program to calculate the probability
of each simple (or equally likely) event and then add up all
the occurrences of this particular event. The next line of the
program calculates the probability of each simple event:
110 P=(1/N)1D
The next line of the program asks the user what number is
wanted and sets the program variables to zero:
120 INPUT“YOU WANT”1:: T=0: E=0: F=0: G=0: H=0:
M=0
Then we want to calculate the occurrences of the chosen
number, L, over all the dice and all the numbers one through
N:
130 IF D=l THEN T=P: GOTO300
140 IF D>4 THEN FOR E=1 TO N
150 IF D>3 THEN FOR F=1 TO N
160 IF D>2 THEN FOR G=1 TO N
170 IF D>1 THEN FOR H=1 TO N
180 FOR M=I TO N
190 Z=E+F+G+H+M
200 IF Z=L THEN T=T+P
210 NEXT M:NEXT H: IF D=2 THEN 300
220 NEXT G: IF D=3 THEN 300
230 NEXT F: IF D=4 THEN 300
240 NEXT E
300 ?“YOUR PROBABILITY IS ”;:PRINT USING
“#.###### ”;T
310 GOTO 110
This program works. (Whew! I’m so proud!) It runs quite
slowly if you have lots of sides on your dice. 1 imagine there
are some programmers out there who can improve on my
system, and I would appreciate hearing from them.
1 seem to have left you with lots of dice that are hard to
build. Can you imagine a one-sided die? Well, I can’t either,
but try it anyway because it will demonstrate something
about probability. Remember the probability of the sure or
certain event is always one. Moreover, these programs are
not limited to dice games. If you have cards or balls or slips
of paper numbered one through “N,”the outcome from one
random draw is the same as throwing one die. If you return
your draw, mix up the items and draw again; that is like
throwing two “N” sided dice. Statisticians call this sampling
with replacement because if you get a two on the first draw
you can get a two on a later draw, also. In other words, items
are not removed from the pool of possibilities when they are
chosen. Next time I will discuss how you might write a
program to determine the probabilities of some card games
where the cards are dealt without replacement.
One last note about Las Vegas. From the perspective of
classical statistics, the house will always win. Nevertheless, if
you enjoy gambling you can consider it entertainment and
enjoy your fling. 1 had a wonderful time playing the video
Black Jack and Poker. The screen graphics were stunning
W loi HI
OaytM , OMo 46420
C CADS
A full 6.° 09 machine language monitor with line
assembler and disassembler. All you need to debug
machine language programs. OIL, 16!: or 32k)
Cassette $19.95 or bisk (With Source) $23.95
UNLOCK *3=
A complete disk backup utility. Features included
are initialization of any track; copy any track
and correct I/O errors, or leave them intact; and
verify any track. Track numbers upto track 60 may
be used at any tine. (ML, 16k or 32k)
Disk (With Source) $24.95
DSKMON
Examine and fix sector data, also includes disk
verify, file information display, and selective
disk backup. (ML, 16k or 32k)
Disk (With Source) $24.95
Utilities
Chroma-Keys — Define function keys and save them
to disk or cassette. (ML, 16k or 32k)
Cassette $9.95 or Disk (With Source) $13.95 0 ^
Spooler — Print disk files or the basic program
in memory without waiting. (ML, 64k only)
Cassette $11.95 or Disk (With Source) $15.95
Games
Prospector — An ECB Hi-Res graphics game. Can you
got the gold out of the mine? (ECB, 16k or 32k)
Cassette $7.95
Jump-A-Peg — A Hi-Res version of an ancient
strategy game. (ECB, 16k or 32k)
Cassette $7.95
Clock
the CoCo.
I/O.
Cassette
Miscellaneous
A software real-time clock prog ran: for
Warning: The clock './ill stop during tape
(ML, 16k or 32k)
3°. 95 or Disk (Mith Source) $13.95
Chroma-Systems Group
PO Do:; 360
Dayton, Oh 45420
blouse inclu-.le $1 for shipping and handling per
item. Ohio residents please acid 6 sales tax.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 229
and at $.25 the price was low enough for my entertainment
budget. Remember something else: even unlikely events do
happen. If the probability of winning is only 0.01 you can
still win. Just don’t try it too often!
(Ms. Nielsen has taught economics and statistics in
several universities for the past 10 years.)
Listing 1:
100 CLS: INPUT “HOW MANY SIDES ON
THE DIE" | N
110 p-i/n:print"the probability
OF EACH NUMBER FROM 1 TO"|N|"IN
"IP
120 FOR J-l TO NST-0SFOR K-l TO
j. t-p+t:next k
130 PRINT "PROBABILITY OF <-"|J|"
IS "|
140 PRINT USING "#. #####" I T:
130 PRINT#-2, "THE PROBABILITY OF
<-"|J|" - "|T: NEXT J
160 R*- INKEY*: IF R*«"" THEN 160
170 GOTO 100
Listing 2:
100 CLS: INPUT"NUMBER OF SIDES"|N
110 I NPUT " NUMBER OF DIE <1-5)"|D
120 P-i/<N~D>
140 input" you want"il:t-0:e-0:f-
0:g-0:h-0:m-0
130 IFD>4 THEN FORE- 1 TON
160 IFD>3 THEN FORF-1TON
170 IFD >2 THEN FORG-1TON
180 IF D>1 THEN FORH-1TON
190 IFD-1THENT-P:GOTO300
195 FORM- 1 TON
200 Z-E+F+G+H+M
220 IFZ-L THEN T-T+P
240 NEXTM:NEXTH: IFD-2THEN300
250 NEXTG: IFD-3THEN300
260 NEXTF: IFD-4THEN300
270 NEXTE
300 PR I NT "YOUR PROBABILITY IS "I
: PR I NTUS I NG " # . ###### " | T
320 GOTO 120
VOICE RECOGNITION
For your 16K TRS-80 Extended Basic Color Computer
By Cary D. Perttunen
Using your cassette recorder's condenser microphone, the COLOR TALK TO ME software
package can let you use your own voice as an alternate means of input for any of
your BASIC programs. Over 200 words can be stored in 16K RAM. With a little
practice, you can attain from 80% to over 90% accuracy for most applications.
The COLOR TALK TO ME Software Package includes:
-COLOR TALK TO ME machine language subroutine
-The BASIC subroutine which can merge COLOR TALK TO ME with your programs
-Complete instructions on how to use and incorporate COLOR TALK TO ME
in BASIC programs
-Two application programs:
1. VOICE CALC- Use your voice to enter arithmetic problems and VOICE CALC
will display the solution.
2. SCREEN PAINTER- Say a color and the screen will be painted that color.
ALL OF THIS ON TWO CASSETTES FOR ONLY $49.95!!!
ColorSoft Software Co. will soon be releasing voice recognition programs which can be used
once you buy COLOR TALK TO ME. Coming soon: Connect More, Crosswords & more!
ATTENTION PROGRAMMERS: ColorSoft Software Co. will market original voice recognition
programs using COLOR TALK TO ME with excellent royalties in return.
Dealer Send check or money order to: ColorSoft Software Co.
Inquiries Add $2.00 shipping 11764 Raintree Ct.
Invited Utica, MI 48087
230 the RAINBOW July 1983
Filmastr: A Handy Do-It-All
Filing System For CoCo
One of the reasons that I bought a disk, aside from the
inherent speed, was to enable me be explore more serious
applications of my CoCo. Sure I like games, but it seemed to
me to be a waste of computing power when all I was doing
was eating “power dots,” and protecting cities from being
destroyed.
1 took my first step in this direction when 1 bought a word
processor. The next step I took was to write a program to
keep track of my growing library of programs. After 1 w rote
it, I started to think of other things that I wanted to keep
track of. I did not want to have to write a new program for
each application I could think of so 1 started to think about a
“do-it-all” program. At about the same time I began to see
ads for this type of program, so 1 figured that 1 would lay
back and let someone else do the work for me.
Filmastr is just such a program. With it you can create and
maintain just about any kind of file that you can think of. It
features full screen editing of data, copying fields from one
record to the next while adding information, machine lan-
guage sorting, record selection, print formatting, and of
course, adding, changing and deleting of the records in your
file.
When the program is RUN, a title screen appears with a
menu of two choices. Y ou can either define a new file or load
an existing one. Since you must define your file before you
can do anything else with it I will discuss this first.
The first thing you do is to give your file a title (or name as
1 prefer to call it). You then define all of your fields and their
lengths. While you are doing this the fields as well as the title
can be placed almost anywhere on the screen. Also each field
is assigned a number for future reference. 1 thought that this
was a nice feature, because it allows you to determine
exactly how the screen will look when you are using it later
on.
Once your file is defined you are told how many fields it
has, the length of the file and how many records it can hold.
This definition is then saved, and you are ready to start
working with your file.
In order to begin working with your file you must first
load it. This may seem like the obvious thing to do, but it
also applies to files that have just been defined that have no
records in them yet. After your file is loaded, the bottom of
the screen shows your choices at this point.
The first thing that you will be doing is to add some
records to your file. This is done using the screen format that
you defined previously. Entering data is done one field at a
time, and you can use the arrow keys to correct any mistakes
before you hit ENTER.
From this screen you can also load in another file. This
requires that both files be defined in exactly the same
manner, and allows you to merge several small files into a
larger one. More on this later. This screen also has the Sort
option, which will allow you to put your file into any
sequence. You can sort on more than one field but you
cannot sort in descending order. The other options here are
to End the program, which will ask you if you have saved
your file, and to List your file.
When listing your file, you can browse through it quickly
on the screen using the arrow keys. If you hit the BREAK
key, another menu is presented at the bottom of the screen.
This menu has six additional options. From it you can
change or delete records. These are pretty straightforward,
so I won’t go into them any further.
The Select option allows you to work with a subset of the
file. Any field can be used in the selection. You can also use a
portion of a field, as well as two relational operators. For
example, you can select name equal to “S” for all names
starting with the letter “S.” or name equal to “PETERS” for
all names of “PETERS," “PET ERSON,” or whatever. The
relational operators can be used, for example, to select all
Zip Codes greater than “20000.”
The Save option allows you to save your file. The interest-
ing thing here is that your file is saved based on the records
that have been selected. If the Select option has not been
used, then all the records are saved. However, if you have
selected records, then only those selected will be saved.
These smaller files can be used just like any other and can
always be merged together, which provides a good amount
of flexibility.
The Sum option allows you to add up any numeric field
and will give you a total of the field. By combining this
feature with the Select feature, you can get totals for any
part of your file.
The Print option (you guessed it) will print your file to the
screen or printer. In order to print a file you must define a
“print format.” This format tells the program which fields
are to be printed, and in what order. You can also add spaces
or whatever you like between the fields, and you can print
the fields on several lines. An example of this would be if you
wanted to print name and address labels. You would print
the name and address on separate lines, the city followed by
a comma and a space, the state followed by a space, and the
Zip Code. Although this sounds very flexible, you cannot
format numeric fields with embedded commas or periods,
and you cannot produce listings with headings or page
numbers — very basic features in my opinion. Also when
listing to the screen, you will have to hit the shift and
keys to stop it from scrolling off the screen.
All things considered, Filmastr is a very good utility pro-
gram. The documentation is very well written, and will guide
the first time user through the various options with no
problem. If you want to do some serious work with your
CoCo, I recommend that you check it out.
(The Computer House, Box 1051, DuBois, PA 15801,
$29.95 tape, $34.95 disk)
— Gerry Schechter
S0C VOICE SYNTHESIS !!!
BUILD YOUR OWN VOTRAI SC-«1 SPEECH MODULE THAT PLUGS INTO
THE SERIAL PORT. ENJOY THE FUN THAT COMES WITH BEING ABLE
TO PROGRAM YOUR SYSTEM TO SAY ANY TEXT YOU WISH. USE IT TO
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PROGRAMS AND INSTRUCTIONS. WINNIPEG MANITOBA
$15.00 PLUS $1.00 POSTAGE CANADA R3M 1G4
Manitoba residents include 5% sales tax
July 1983 the RAINBOW 231
Software Review
Alcatraz II Unsuccessful
As Great Escape
Alcatraz II is a graphic escape game using low resolution
graphics (PMODE 1). In your role as a convict, you franti-
cally try to escape from the penitentiary, avoiding guards,
robots and the trained killer, the Minotaur. After CLOAD-
ing the Extended BASIC program, you start the game by
choosing to use either the four arrow keys or the right
joystick.
You maneuver your figure through a maze of square cell
blocks, hoping to find a clear escape path from the wing. The
exit of each wing is located on the right side of the screen.
There are also guards in the wing who constantly patrol the
hallways. Your figure moves at the same speed as the guards,
so there is no chance of being outrun. If a guard catches you,
the escape is unsuccessful and the game is over. Between
some of the blocks are closed gates. You cannot pass
through the closed gates, but when a guard passes through a
gate, he opens it, leaving you a way out. The key to the game
is to lure the guards toward you. If a guard sees you in his
hallway, he will move toward you, opening all gates in his
way. If you take too much time in a wing, you should expect
to see the hall lasers. After a short buzzing alarm, five lines
slowly emerge down each hall, from either the right or top of
the screen. Y ou must quickly move to a safe hallway to avoid
being zapped. Unfortunately, the lasers will close any pre-
viously opened gates. If you reach the exit of the wing, your
score will be added up and displayed. After you escape each
wing, the number of guards in each wing increases. You
must get through two more identical wings before encoun-
tering the Minotaur.
In the fourth wing, you will see the Minotaur, two walls,
and three force fields with their corresponding switchboxes.
The Minotaur moves in random directions, but moves faster
than you, so you have to react quickly. Once in the Mino-
taur’s lair, you must deactivate the force fields by entering
the switchboxes. You may hide from the Minotaur in the
switchboxes because he is too large to enter. You cannot
pass through a wall, but the M inotaur can, leaving a hole in
the wall. Waiting for the Minotaur to destroy a particular
segment in the wall can take a considerable length of time, a
wait that is quite tedious.
After eluding the Minotaur, you must get through two
more wings to complete the escape of the first building. The
second and third buildings are identical to the first in struc-
ture, except for additional robot guards. The robot guards
move slower than you, but they always move directly toward
you, forcing you to make quicker decisions than before. Y ou
must take advantage of the robots’ slower speed to avoid
being captured. The great escape is over when you exit the
third building.
On the opposite side of the tape of Alcatraz II, there is an
instruction program. This program explains the important
aspects of playing, and introduces you to the characters.
Personally, I would rather read instructions on the screen
than on paper any day. The instruction program also gives
you hints on playing and automatically starts loading the
main program. The documentation also explains the bug in
ROM which may yield a SN error because of the PCLEAR
statement. If this occurs, simply type RUN again and all
should be well.
The movements of the figures are slow and choppy due to
the limitations of Extended BASIC. The program also
makes use of sound and keeps track of the high score.
Alcatraz II, I believe, does not compare with the high
quality of some other games of this type for the Color
Computer, but the price is not high, either.
(Spectral Associates, 3416 South 90th Street, Tacoma, WA
98409, $8.95 on tape)
—Joe Esposito
About Your Subscription
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232 the RAINBOW July 1983
Software Review
Software Review
Robottack: A Fast-Paced,
High-Res Shoot ’em up
When Robottack arrived for review, the first thing that
struck my mind was, “Oh no, not another clone of the
famous Beserk game! Can’t they think of anything new?”
Well, I’m glad to Say I was wrong (maybe even dead wrong).
Although there are robots and humans involved in this
game, it does not incorporate the mazes and rooms of the
well known arcade game. As a matter of fact, one of the neat
features of this game is the ability to move freely all around
the screen. You are the “super human” who must fight off
the attacking robots and save the remaining humans from
destruction. The left joystick is used to move your human
anywhere on the screen, and the right one to shoot in any of
eight directions. This takes a little getting used to at first, not
only to coordinate the movement between the two joysticks,
but to “untrain” yourself that the fire button shoots bullets.
In this game, the fire button is used only to start playing.
As you successfully fend off the robots, you move to
another “frame,” and the action starts over again, only with
more difficulty. 1 don’t know how many frames there are,
but after about 10 minutes of play, I progressed to frame 1 1
and achieved a score of 28,000 points. I’ll spend a few hours
trying to reach the heights of Robottack fame. There are
plenty of obstacles to overcome, however, since there is not
just one kind of robot, but guardian robots, gunner robots,
mind robots, and bombs. The bombs look like “X’s," and
they chase after you very very fast.
The beginning of each new frame starts off with great
audio/ visual effects, as your super-human “materializes” in
the center of the screen, similar to the famous Imagic game.
Demon Attack. At the same time, your foes appear at var-
ious random points on the playfield, wasting no time as they
start to seek you out. Each new frame brings more vicious
robots and faster action. I’ve discovered that it’s not neces-
sary to clear each new frame entirely of robots, which leads
me to believe that new playfields are achieved by reaching
certain point levels.
Although many games claim to be (and indeed are) in
machine language, that doesn’t necessarily mean that they’re
done well. All too often, the sound effects suffer for the
graphics, or vice versa. Intracolor did a good job with this
one, taking full advantage of the Color Computer’s sound
and graphics abilities. It is a fast-paced, high-resolution,
arcade style shoot ’em up, and for those of you who like that
kind of thing, this is a good bet. It’s designed for one or two
players, with the top five scores displayed on the screen.
They were thoughtful enough to include a PAUSE feature
which you activate by pressing the space bar. But my game
has paused long enough — it’s time to get to frame 12.
(Intracolor Communications, P.O. Box 1035, East Lansing,
MI 48823, $24.95 cassette, $27.95 disk)
— Bob Safir
New Frog Is A
Prince Of A Program
Tom Mix Software has done it again! Their newest addi-
tion to the company’s list of software is The Frog.
The Frog is an almost flawless derivative of Frogger.
Everything in Frogger is here in The Frog. There are lady
frogs, treacherous diving turtles, pesky flies, hungry alliga-
tors and deadly snakes to contend with.
In case any of y.ou out there have not seen Frogger or The
Frog, here is a description of how the game works. The
object is for you, the frog, to travel from the bottom of the
screen to the top and safety. Sound easy? Not quite.
There are cars, trucks and other vehicles that would love
to run your green body into the pavement. There are about
five rows of this before you reach the middle of the screen —
if you live that long. Here is a safe place from the cars, but,
on screen three, a snake moves back and forth when you
reach this spot and would like frog legs for dinner.
Ahead of you are another five rows of water and numer-
ous logs and turtles move back and forth in different direc-
tions at varying speeds. U nfortunately, your frog can 7 swim
and getting your feet wet is fatal. Now we jump on a group of
turtles and wait there. Oh no, their backs are only showing
now; better get off before they submerge and we get all wet.
So we quickly jump onto a passing log.
What do we have here? A girl frog! Like a lady or gentle-
man you’ll help her get across the river, for an extra 200
points. Now we jump on another faster log and — what’s
this? — a snapping alligator is moving towards us! Don’t
jump into gator’s jaw or we will be someone’s lunch. We’ll
jump on his back.
Now we slowly move along watching the clock in order
not to run out of time. Here comes a home safe spot, our
destination. Before we jump, a fly appears in that spot, so
now, instead of being eaten, let’s eat the fly and get 200 extra
points. We must do that five more times before we go to
another screen and a harder challenge.
The detail of this game is amazing. Some of the cars have
exhaust coming out of them as they move. The logs roll. The
turtle’s legs move. When turtles dive there are bubbles. The
fly flaps his wings. The gator’s jaws and tail move and, when
you are killed, a skull and crossbones appear over the spot.
The Frog uses the highest graphics mode and is written in
machine language.
The Frog, fortunately, takes the middle ground in diffi-
culty. It is not too hard as to be impossible, but not too easy
as to be boring, and after some practice you can actually get
good.
(Tom Mix Software, 3424 College N.E., Grand Rapids, MI
49505, $27.95 on tape, $30.95 on disk)
— Jeff White
July 1983 the RAINBOW 233
JL ■ ■ ■* ■ M. A.
RAINBUG
III
Part three of a series on our
new machine language
monitor being developed
by the author, Rainbow
Technical Editor,
Dan Downard
the
RAINBOW
I n last month’s installment we added a section of machine
code to the Rainbug monitor showing how to calculate
offsets and mentioned the different types of addressing
used in a 6809 microprocessor. This month we will add the
facility of calculation of postbytes, such as those used in
indexed and indirect addressing of Rainbug and discuss the
different types of instructions understood by the machine. If
you are having trouble inputting the machine code into your
CoCo look in this issue under “Rainbow Info" for a quick
BASIC program for inputting machine language routines.
Remember the starting address for Rainbug is $3000 in the
listing, but it can be changed to any address you desire. Until
you are sure it is functioning properly it is best to leave it at
$3000.
6809 Instructions
Machine code instructions can be divided into five major
categories according to the affected registers:
Instructions Register(s)
•8-Bit Accumulator and Memory
Instructions A,B
• 16-Bit Accumulator and Memory
Instructions D
• Index/Stack Pointer Instructions X,Y,U,S
• Branch Instructions CC
• Miscellaneous Instructions All
For your reference we are including a list of all instructions
in Table 1 through 5. By looking at the mnemonics and the
description following them you can follow assembly texts in
any article as they are used exclusively with the addressing
( Dan Downard is an electrical engineer and has been
involved in electronics for 24 years through ham radio
(K4KWT). His interest in computers began about five
years ago and he has built several 68XX systems .)
234 the RAINBOW July 1983
modes discussed in last months segment to describe all of the
available machine code functions. We will examine an
instruction from each set to familiarize us with the pro-
cedure.
8-Bit Accumulator
and Memory Instructions
For our example let’s look at the ADDA instruction, or
add memory to accumulator A. This particular instruction
is also valid for the B register, thus the notation ADDB. It
can be used with all but inherent addressing modes since the
value of any memory location is added to the A register and
the a register is replaced with this value. Certain bits of the
CC (Condition Code) register are affected by this operation
and for anything but simple binary arithmetic must be
examined for future operations.
16-Bit Accumulator
and Memory Instructions
The STD instruction stores the 16-bit value in the D
register, which is the A and B registers combined, at any
memory location depending on the addressing method in
use. How can you store a 16-Bit value at one 8-Bit memory
location? You can’t. The 16-Bit value is actually stored at the
memory address specified and the next consecutive byte.
Again, the inherent mode is the only type of addressing that
can’t be used.
Index/Stack Pointer Instructions
What happens when you want to store a value for future
reference such as a return address for a subroutine. The
microprocessor does this automatically when you execute
certain instructions through the use of the S, or Stack Pointer
register. In reality, this isa memory location in RAM whose
location is recognized by the 6809 through your instruction
such as LEAS. If you notice from Table 3 there are actually
two stacks, the S and U registers. The S register is always
recognized by the microprocessor as the primary, or hard-
ware, stack. Any register can be temporarily saved for future
use by instructions such as PSHS or retrieved by the PULS.
What these instructions do is provide a method of organiza-
tion for logical temporary storage of variables and ad-
dresses.
Table 1
8-Bit Accumulator and Memory Instructions
Instruction
Description
ADCA, ADCB
Add memory to accumulator with carry
ADDA, ADDB
Add memory to accumulator
ANDA, ANDB
And memory with accumulator
ASL, ASLA, ASLB
Arithmetic shift of accumulator or memory left
ASR, ASRA, ASRB
Arithmetic shift of accumulator or memory right
BITA, BITB
Bit test memory with accumulator
CLR, CLRA, CLRB
Clear accumulator or memory location
CMPA, CMPB
Compare memory from accumulator
COM, COMA, COMB
Complement accumulator or memory location
DAA
Decimal adjust A accumulator
DEC, DECA, DECB
Decrement accumulator or memory location
EORA, EORB
Exclusive or memory with accumulator
Exchange R1 with R2 (R1, R2 = A, B, CC, DP)
INC, INCA, INCB
Increment accumulator or memory location
ll.TMS.M^ r a.
Load accumulator from memory
II.1WI.1MMM:-
Logical shift left accumulator or memory location
LSR, LSRA, LSRB
Logical shift right accumulator or memory location
MUL
Unsigned multiply (Ax B — D)
NEG, NEGA, NEGB
Negate accumulator or memory
ORA, ORB
Or memory with accumulator
ROL, ROLA, ROLB
Rotate accumulator or memory left
1 1 1 II 1 1 1 II I I I —
Rotate accumulator or memory right
SBCA, SBCB
Subtract memory from accumulator with borrow
STA, STB
Store accumulator to memroy
SUBA, SUBB
Subtract memory from accumulator
TST, TSTA, TSTB
Test accumulator or memory location
TFR R1 , R2
Transfer R1 to R2 (R1, R2 = A, B, CC, DP)
NOTE:
A, B, CC, or DP may be pushed to (pulled from) either stack with PSHS, PSHU
(PULS, PULU) instructions.
Branch Instructions
Remember the offset calculator from last month’s article?
Offsets are used in conjunction with branch instructions to
compare values in a program requiring a decision on how to
proceed. 1 suppose a simple program is the best way to
illustrate. Using the memory examine function of Rainbug,
enter the following program into memory starting at $2000.
$2000
8E A 147
l.DX
#$A 147
$2003
A6 80
LDA
,X+
$2005
BD A30A
JSR
$A30A
$2008
8C A16F
CMPX
ff$A16F
$200 B
26 F6
BNE
$2003
$200D
39
RTS
This particular program should tell you
what version of
ROM you have in your computer. Notice that the routine
printed the value of memory at the location of the X register
and compared it each time with SA16F. If it was not equal,
another character was printed.
Miscellaneous Instructions
This group of instructions is a grab bag of commands that
are not directly related to any specific register. For example
the J M P instruction tells the 6809 to change the value of the
program counter, thereby moving program execution to a
different address. Essentially when you execute an EXEC
instruction in BASIC you are doing the same thing. Did you
Table 2
16-Bit Accumulator and Memory Instructions
Instruction
Description
ADDD
Add memory to D accumulator
CMPD
Compare memory from D accumulator
EXG D, R
Exchange D with X, Y, S, U, or PC
LDD
Load D accumulator from memory
SEX
Sign Extend B accumulator into A accumulator
STD
Store D accumulator to memory
SUBD
Subtract memory from D accumulator
TFR D, R
Transfer D to X, Y, S, U, or PC
TFR R, D-
Transfer X, Y, S, U, or PC to D
NOTE:
D may be pushed (pulled) to either stack with PSHS, PSHU (PULS, PULU)
instructions.
notice the interrupt instructions? We will cover interrupts
and condition codes next month.
Rainbug
Two new commands are added to Rainbug this month.
One was actually in the listing last month but omitted from
the commands.
X Exit to BASIC
E Encode Postbyte
The X command is self explanitory and executes as soon as
the key is depressed, so be careful. If hit by accident an
EXEC command from BASIC will return you to Rainbug.
The E command has the following syntax:
E ,X++
E HHHH,PCR
E H,X
'See" Music!!
•The KALEIDOPHONE allows your Color Computer to "listen to"
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•Dedicated hardware lets the computer devote full-time
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tures in full color are easy to program.
•Just plug the KALEIDOPHONE into hi-fi and joystick inputs.
•Do not confuse with imitations — the KALtIDOPHONf
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July 1983
the RAINBOW" 235
The preceding examples are all mnemonics requiring a
postbyte as part of the op-code. The E command will auto-
matically calculate the postbyte for you. The letter “H” is
input to indicate the number of hex bytes needed in the
expression.
Table 3
Index/Stack Pointer Instructions
Instruction
Description
CMPS, CMPU
Compare memory from stack pointer
CMPX, CMPY
Compare memory from index register
EXG R1. R2
Exchange D, X, Y, S, U or PC with D, X, Y, S, U or PC
LEAS, LEAU
Load effective address into stack pointer
LEAX, LEAY
Load effective address into index register
LDS, LDU
Load stack pointer from memory
LDX, LDY
Load index register from memory
PSHS
Push A, B, CC, DP, D, X, Y, U, or PC onto hardware stack
PSHU
Push A, B, CC, DP, D, X, Y, X, or PC onto user stack
PULS
Pull A, B, CC, DP, D, X, Y, U, or PC from hardware stack
PULU
Pull A, B, CC, DP, D, X, Y, S, or PC from hardware stack
STS, STU
Store stack pointer to memory
STX, STY
Store index register to memory
TFR R1, R2
Transfer D, X, Y, S, U, or PC to D, X, Y, S, U, or PC
ABX
Add B accumulator to X (unsigned)
Summary
It looks like this four-part series is going to be extended
another month out of necessity to cover all of the material
intended in short, hopefully digestible, segments. Next
month we will cover interrupts and the CC register. We will
add tape and disk commands to Rainbug leaving break-
points for last. So far the starting, ending and execute
addresses are $3000, $3302, $319E. Notice that the lookup
table is different due to addition of a new command. See you
next month!
Table 4
Branch Instructions
! Instruction
Description
SIMPLE BRANCHES
BEQ, LBEQ
Branch if equal
BNE, LBNE
Branch if not equal
BMI, LBMI
Branch if minus
BPL, LBPL
Branch if plus
BCS, LBCS
Branch if carry set
BCC, LBCC
Branch if carry clear
BVS, LBVS
Branch if overflow set
BVC, LBVC
Branch if overflow clear
SIGNED BRANCHES
BGT, LBGT
Branch if greater (signed)
BVS. LBVS
Branch if invalid twos complement result
BGE, LBGE
Branch if greater than or equal (signed)
BEQ, LBEQ
Branch if equal
BNE, LBNE
Branch if not equal
BLE, LBLE
Branch if less than or equal (signedl
BVC, LBVC
Branch if valid twos complement result
BLT, LBLT
Branch if less than (signed)
1 UNSIGNED BRANCHES
BHI, LBHI
Branch if higher (unsigned)
BCC, LBCC
Branch if higher or same (unsigned)
BHS, LBHS
Branch if higher or same (unsigned)
BEQ, LBEQ
Branch if equal
BNE, LBNE
Branch if not equal
BLS, LBLS
Branch if lower or same (unsigned)
BCS, LBCS
Branch if lower (unsigned)
BL6. lblo
Branch if lower (unsigned)
! OTHER BRANCHES
BSR, lbsr
Branch to subroutine
BRA, LBRA
Branch always
BRN, LBRN
Branch never
236 the RAINBOW July 1983
Table 5
Miscellaneous Instructions
Instruction
Description
ANDCC
AND condition code register
CWAI
AND condition code register, then wait for interrupt
NOP
No operation
ORCC
OR condition code register
JMP
Jump
JSR
Jump to subroutine
RTI
Return from interrupt
RTS
Return from subroutine
SWI. SWI2, SWI3
Software interrupt (absolute indirect)
SYNC
Synchronize with interrupt line
Reprinted from the MC6809 - MC6809E Microprocessor Programming
Manual with the permission of Motorola, Inc.
00100 *RAINBUG
00110 *DAN DOWNARD REV 2
00111 HINES 100-2550 AND LINES
00112 ♦2885-3080 APPEARED IN PARTS
00113 ♦! AND 2 OF THIS SERIES
3000
00120
ORG
$3000
31A8
00130 CNDBAD
EQU
ERROR
008C
00140 SKIP2
EQU
$8C
A000
00150 POLCAT
EQU
$A000
A002
00160 CHROUT
EQU
$A002
02555 ♦TABLE OF COMMANDS
3205
02560 CMDTBL
EQU
♦
3205
42
02570
FCC
HI
3206
00F2
02580
FDB
BKPT-*
3208
43
02590
FCC
/C /
3209
00F0
02600
FDB
CALL-*
320B
44
02610
FCC
/D /
320C
00EE
02620
FDB
DISK-*
320E
45
02630
FCC
/E /
320F
0054
02640
FDB
ENCDE-*
3211
47
02650
FCC
/G /
3212
00E9
02660
FDB
GO-*
3214
4C
02670
FCC
III
3215
00E7
02680
FDB
LOAD-*
3217
4D
02690
FCC
/M /
3218
FDES
02700
FDB
CMEM-*
321A
40
02710
FCC
/e/
321B
00E2
02720
FDB
PRINT-*
321D
4F
02730
FCC
/ 0/
321E
0017
02740
FDB
OFFS-*
3220
50
02750
FCC
!?/
3221
00DD
02760
FDB
PUNCH-*
3223
52
02770
FCC
/R /
3224
00DB
02780
FDB
REG-*
3226
53
02790
FCC
/S /
3227
00D9
02800
FDB
STLEV-*
3229
54
02810
FCC
m
322A
00D7
02820
FDB
TRACE-*
322C
56
02830
FCC
m
322D
00D5
02840
FDB
VER-*
322F
57
02850
FCC
/W /
3230
FE5C
02860
FDB
CWIND0-*
3232
58
02870
FCC
III
3233
002A
02880
FDB
EXIT-*
03085 ♦ENCODE
A POSTBVTE
3263 6F
E2
03090 ENCDE
CLR
,-s
EXPAND YOUR COLOR COMPUTER
USER 80C
User Selectable Expansion Requirements
•Activate your disk controller, ROM CARTRIDGES, EPROM board, or any device
that normally operates in the expansion slot.
•Protects computer from electrical damage caused by experimental boards or by
plugging/unplugging ROM CARTRIDGES and controllers with the power on.
•Gold inlay connector contacts for more reliable operation.
Menu-driven software (included). Allows user to operate multiple slots at the same
time, (e.g., transfer data from one slot to any other slot).
•Select any of 6 slots with push-button keys or programming.
•Attach additional USER 80C’s for more expansion slots.
•Utilizes its own reset button, eliminating the need to continually press the reset
behind the computer.
•Operates with a 9V battery eliminator (included). Power supply is independent of
computer.
•9V battery eliminator included.
•Has its own on/off switch with LED indicator.
•More to come: analog digital converter, parallel ports for printers and joysticks,
four-channel scope.
•Production of experimental boards upon request. (Based on your schematics).
USER 80C “Designed with the User in Mind” $249.95
TERMS: Send certified check or money order for $249.95, plus shipping, handling and applicable sales
tax. (Personal checks take three weeks to process.) For shipping and handling include $5.00 U.S., $8.00
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(312) 622-4555
3265 5F
03100
CLRB
32A0 26
F6
03350
BNE
ENLP2
3266 30
8D 0048
03110
LEAX
C0NV1 , PCR
32A2 E6
IF
03360
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326 A 17
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fl-noa
W A imV
LBSR
INCH
32A4 EA
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03370
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,s
326D 81
5B
03130
CMPA
i$58
32A6 E7
E4
03380
STB
,s
326F 26
07
03140
BNE
EN2
32A8 30
E4
03390
LEAX
,8
3271 86
10
03150
LDA
#$10
03395 *PUT CHAR ON SCREEN
3273 A7
E4
03160
STA
,s
32AA 17
FEBB
03400
LBSR
0UT2HS
03165 *NEXT CHARACTER
32AD 17
FED3
03410
LBSR
PCRLF
3275 17
FEF6
03170 ENGET
LBSR
INCH
32B0 35
84
03420
PULS
PC, B
03175 *END OF ENTRY
03425 &TABLE OF VALID INPUTS
3278 81
0D
03180 EN2
CMPA
t$0D
32B2
41
03430 C0NV1
FCC
/A/
327A 27
0E
03190
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END1
32B3
04
03440
FCB
$04
03195 HOOK
UP CHAR IN TABLE
32B4
42
03450
FCC
/B /
327C 6D
84
03200 ENLP1
TST
,x
32B5
05
03460
FCB
$05
327E 1027
FF26
03210
LBEQ
ERROR
32B6
44
03470
FCC
/D/
3282 A1
81
03220
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, X++
32B7
06
03480
FCB
$06
3284 26
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03230
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ENLP1
32B8
48
03490
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/ H/
3286 EB
IF
03240
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-1|X
32B9
01
03500
FCB
$01
3288 20
EB
03250
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ENGET
32BA
48
03510
FCC
/H7
328A 30
8D 004D
03260 END1
LEAX
CDNV2, PCR
32BB
01
03520
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$01
328E IF
98
03270
TFR
B, A
32BC
48
03530
FCC
/H/
3290 84
60
03280
ANDA
#$60
32BD
01
03540
FCB
$01
3292 AA
E4
03290
ORA
>s
32BE
48
03550
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IHI
3294 A7
E4
03300
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,s
32BF
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03560
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$00
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3298 6D
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03340
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, X++
32C3
09
03600
FCB
$09
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32C4
23
03610
FCC
/-/
32C5
01
03620
FOB
$01
32C6
53
03630
FCC
/S/
32C7
70
03640
FCB
$70
32C8
59
03650
FCC
/Y/
32C9
30
03660
FCB
$30
32CA
55
03680
FCC
/U/
32CB
50
03690
FCB
$50
32CC
58
03700
FCC
HI
32CD
10
03710
FCB
$10
32CE
2B
03720
FCC
HI
32CF
07
03730
FCB
$07
3230
2B
03740
FCC
HI
3231
01
03750
FCB
$01
3232
50
03760
FCC
l?l
3233
80
03770
FCB
$80
3234
43
03780
FCC
/C/
3235
00
03790
FCB
$00
3236
52
03800
FCC
/R/
3237
00
03810
FCB
$00
3238
53
03820
FCC
/]/
3239
00
03830
FCB
$00
32BA
FF
03840
FCB
$FF
03845 ^CONVERSION TO SET POSTBYTE
323B
1084
03850 C0NV2
FDB
$1084
3233
1100
03860
FOB
$1100
323F
1288
03870
FOB
$1288
32E1
1389
03B80
FOB
$1389
32E3
1486
03890
FOB
$1486
32E5
1585
03900
FOB
$1585
32E7
1688
03910
FOB
$16SB
32E9
1780
03920
FOB
$1780
32EB
1881
03930
FOB
$1881
32E3
1982
03940
FDB
$1982
32EF
1A83
03950
FDB
$1 A83
32F1
828C
03960
FDB
$S28C
32F3
8383
03970
FDB
$8383
32F5
039F
03980
FDB
$039F
32F7
00
03990
FCB
$00
03995 ^RETURNS FOR
FUTURE ROUTINES
32F8 39
04000 BKPT
RTS
32F9 39
04010 CALL
RTS
32FA 39
04020 BISK
RTS
32FB 39
04030 GO
RTS
32FC 39
04040 LOAB
RTS
32FB 39
04050 PRINT
RTS
32FE 39
04060 PUNCH
RTS
32FF 39
04070 REG
RTS
3300 39
04080 STLEV
RTS
3301 39
04090 TRACE
RTS
3302 39
04100 VER
RTS
0000
04110
END
00000 TOTAL ERRORS
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July 1983 the RAINBOW 239
A Tale of Three Flexes
By Dr. Laurence D. Preble
A ll in favor of more powerful software for the Color
Computer say Aye! Good . . . Now, someone explain
to the Russian ambassador that rumble he heard
was not a nuclear test — only the unanimous agreement of a
megaton of CoCo users.
If you have been following my periodic reviews, you know
that Flex (TM of Technical Systems Consultants) is a pow-
erful alternative disk operating system for the Color Com-
puter. An incredible variety of business software is designed
to run under Flex. A number of programming languages are
available including Pascal, Fortran, RS BASIC, RS Assem-
bler, TSC BASIC, TSC Assembler, Relocating Assembler,
Macro Assembler, Mumps, Forth and “C.” Another reason
I use Flex with the Color Computer is that it allows me to
run high performance disk drives as well as the standard
Radio Shack drives. One drive 1 use can handle nearly a
megabyte of storage; that translates to over 200 programs
stored on one disk!
Data-Comp was the first to “have” Flex for the Color
Computer about two years ago. Commercial distribution
did not actually begin until 1982. Their current offering has
evolved considerably since the early beginnings which
required hardware adapters and much software modifica-
NEW FOR THE COLOR COMPUTER
GRAFPLOT
HIGH RESOLUTION DATA GRAPHING
GRAFPLOT turns your COLOR COMPUTER into a sophisticated
data plotter, producing professional quality graphs of any type
of X-Y data. GRAFPLOT is perfect for personal, business, statis-
tistical, scientific and engineering applications. Includes features
not found in any other COLOR COMPUTER graphing system:
■ 2 2 2x174 pixel on-screen data plotting area.
■ Complete on-screen labeling for two Y-axes w/200 data
points per axis leven more points by chaining data filesl.
■ 9 graphing options: 3 symbols w/2 line types or points only.
a Full function data editing: add, change, delete and sort.
■ Hardcopy w/standard screenprint programs Inot supplied I -
includes interface for Tandy SCRPRT w/instructions for
interfacing other printers and screenprint programs.
■ Unlimited overlays -plot 9 or more data sets per graph.
■ Graphs output to screen, printer, tape or disk.
■ Plots any user-defined function, edit 4 program lines.
■ Built-in data smoothing Imoving binomial average!.
■ Built-in integration -calculate areas or evaluate integrals of
user-defined functions.
■ Lists data and integrals to screen or printer.
■ Saves completed graphs for instant reloading.
■ Menu-driven w/auto-prompt option for fast throughput.
■ Complete error trapping-GRAFPLOT won’t let you make a
mistake, practically impossible to crash.
■ Comprehensive manual w/tutorials and sample data.
GRAFPLOT is available for 16K E.C.B. on cassette IS35I and 32K-
Idisk l$45). Easy upgrade to disk for difference in price Idisk
version reads and writes tape data filesl. Send check or money
order to: HAWKES RESEARCH SERVICES, 1442 Sixth St.,
Berkeley, CA, 94710. Include $3 S/H on all orders. Manual
available separately for SlO + S/H, refundable with purchase
of GRAFPLOT. CA residents add state sales tax.
Dealer inquiries welcome. Quantity discounts available.
tion. Frank Hogg Labs began offering their commercial
version in early 1982. This implementation was actually the
first to run on an “almost” stock CoCo. I say almost because
it still required the hardware addition of 64K chips as do all
current versions of Flex. Brand new is the offering by Spec-
tral Associates. If each version of Flex were totally identical
with its companions, it would not matter much where you
purchase Flex. Life is rarely that simple. Technical Systems
Consultants (TSC) authored the original versions of Flex;
those versions, however, will not run on the Color Compu-
ter without modification. It is the modifications to Flex that
are unique to each distributor.
Modifications to Flex consist of special input/ output
routines, video display implementations, printer drivers and
disk drivers. Methods of installing Flex in the CoCo varyas
well. In addition, each distributor has provided certain
added attractions which we will discuss in some detail.
Data-Comp Flex
Data-Comp does not actually sell a fully modified version
of Flex — what they do sell is the F-MATE(RS) conversion
for TSC Flex. The user, however, may purchase both the
F-MATE(RS) conversion and TSC General version of Flex
from the people at Data-Comp; it is then, a relatively simple
procedure to combine the conversion package with Flex to
have a working system. Once a “boot up” disk has been
created, you can enter Flex from Radio Shack Disk BASIC
by typing RUN “FLEX.”
Once you have entered Flex, you may select a high resolu-
tion video display; you are no longer limited to the standard
Radio Shack 32 column by 16 row screen format. A 51 x 24
display format is most useful; it provides good legibility on
most TVs while giving you the added features of upper and
lower case characters and an XY addressable cursor. Inverse
video is also available. One very nice extra is that Data-
Comp provides you with the Assembly Language Source
listings of the video routines so that you may modify them at
will. You may create screen formats of 32 x 1 6, 32 x 24, 42 x
24, 51 x 24 and 64 x 24. (Data-Comp also provides Source
Code for a total of eight of its support commands, a freebie
not currently available from other companies.)
Another salient feature of Data-Comp Flex is its NEW-
DISK command. NEWDISK allows you to format a new
disk any way you like within the physical limitations of the
disk drive you are using. You may specify double or single
sided, double or single density and you may specify the
maximum number of tracks available. Up to this point,
everything I have mentioned is also true of the other com-
panies’ NEWDISK commands; however, Data-Comp’s
NEWDISK also provides you with a running commentary
on how the formatting is proceeding. Formatting a mega-
byte disk on a high performance drive takes several minutes
and may lead you to believe your system has “hung” or
crashed; so it is very nice to visualize the progress being
made.
Although it is fine to use a Radio Shack disk drive with
Flex, the formats of a Flex diskette and a Radio Shack
diskette are dissimilar and therefore incompatible; however,
Data-Comp provides three utilities for exchange of infor-
mation between Radio Shack and Flex diskettes. RSREAD
is a machine language command which will read a file from a
Radio Shack disk and transfer the information to a Flex
disk. This function is provided free. RSDIR is a machine
language command which displays the directory of a Radio
Shack disk — also free. Frank Hogg Labs does provide a
command which includes the functions of RSREAD and
240 the RAINBOW July 1983
RSDIR but Hogg’s version is written in DBASIC which you
must purchase separately. Spectral Associates does not cur-
rently provide a similar function. RSWRITE is a machine
language command which will write a Flex file to a Radio
Shack disk. Currently, neither Frank Hogg Fabs nor Spec-
tral Associates offers such a function. Finally, RSCVBIN is
a machine language command which will rearrange the
format of a Radio Shack machine language program so that
it will run under Flex. No other company currently offers
this function.
Also provided free is CCBAS1C, a conversion for Radio
Shack Extended BASIC to run under Flex. The conversion
allows you to LOA D and 5/1 VE both BASIC and machine
language programs in Flex format. Special disk input/ out-
put routines such as individual sector read/ write functions
are not implemented.
Data-Comp provides an unusual printer driver command
that checks to see if the printer is ready before outputting
data. Without such a feature, your system will “hang up"
and need to be reset if you attempt to send data to the printer
port with no printer available.
MEMEX and DISKEX are two more interesting machine
language commands which allow the user to examine and
change memory or the sectors of a disk respectively.
DISKRATE allows the user to set the stepping rate of a
DISK drive. This is useful because some high performance
drives can step up to five times faster than normal Radio
Shack drives.
USERKEYS provides a means of defining your own con-
trol codes and special characters not available on the normal
Color Computer keyboard.
When you buy the Flex package from Data-Comp, they
also include a full feature Editor and Assembler from TSC.
This is not exactly a freebie, however, because Data-Comp’s
price for their Flex package is higher than either the Frank
Hogg Laboratories or the Spectral Associates version.
For those of you who wish to purchase or already own a
separate terminal, Data-Comp sells a handy utility called
TERM. For $19.95 you receive a package that allows
another terminal to access the Color Computer. An interest-
ing feature is the recognition of the BREAK key on the
terminal. While using EXT and receiving output from the
computer, you may press BREAK on the terminal which
will cause the output to pause. You may then press ESC to
continue output or press a carriage return to abort output.
One truly unique feature of TERM is the automatic recogni-
tion of baud rates from the terminal.
Overall, I was impressed with Data-Comp’s version of
Flex. There were a few aspects 1 felt were lacking or could
stand some improvement. One example which really stands
out is that the people at Data-Comp never purchased a
license for Flex from TSC. Both Frank Hogg Labs and
Spectral Associates purchased the rights to distribute Flex
at a cost of from $ 1 2,000 to $20,000. A license to Flex allows
the distributor to freely modify the operating system and to
distribute the end result at whatever price they choose. By
not purchasing a license to Flex, Data-Comp must sell their
package of modifications separate from Flex and devise a
method for the user to combine the modifications with the
Flex package. This is not so bad but does add an extra step
to setting up Flex. To reiterate, anybody, including you or I,
can sell TSC Flex; of course, TSC will receive most of the
MARKET CHARTER
LOG
DATA NETWORK
PROFESSIONAL LEVEL INVESTMENT TOOLS NOW AVAILABLE FOR THE
COLOR COMPUTER. POWERFUL TECHNICAL ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
INCLUDING MULTIPLE VARIABLE MOVING AVERAGES, RATE OF CHANGE,
OSCILLATORS, ETC. PLUS AUTOMATIC DAILY UPDATING OF PRICE AND
VOLUME FILES VIA MODEM UTILIZING LOCAL AREA PHONE NUMBERS.
SYSTEM COLOR COMPUTER 32K*
REQUIREMENTS: 1 DISK DRIVE
PRINTER (Optional)
HAYES SMARTMODEM
(Required For Auto Price Updating)
PRICE: MTS MARKET CHARTER— $95.00
MTS LOG & DATA NETWORK— $25.00 Per Month
PRODUCT MANUAL— $25.00 If Purchased Separately
Send Order Or Inquiry To:
MTS
Market Timing Software, Inc.
6912 N. Sheridan Rd.
Chicago, IL 60626
•ALSO AVAILABLE FOR TRS 80 MOD III, II, 12 AND 16; IBM-PC, APPLE II PLUS, ETC.
July 1983 the RAINBOW 241
profit unless we agree to pay X amount of dollars to license
the product. Once we obtain the license, we owe TSC
nothing more and can modify and distribute Flex at will.
Without a license, the problem is that the price of Flex is
set by TSC. Theoretically at least, both Spectral Associates
and Frank Hogg Labs could cut prices on their versions of
Flex as low as they like becaue the own the rights to Flex and
pay no further royalties on each sale. In practice, however,
the prices of the three Flex versions are fairly competitive.
Frank Hogg Labs Flex
Frank Hogg Labs has been supplying Flex for the Color
Computer for over a year now but has been supplying
business software to run under Flex since 1979, long before
the Color Computer was invented. The FHL version of Flex
is well done. Installation of Flex is very simple because you
do not need to do any procedures to modify Flex. Insert the
system disk provided into drive 0 and type RUN “FLEX.”
FHL Flex also privdes several high resolution screens
such as 32 x 24, 5 1 x 24, 64 x 24 and even 64 x 32. Again, I
find the 5 1 x 24 screen most useful in all versions of Flex as it
provides the best compromise between legibility and density
of information. The FHL video formats provide all of the
expected features plus a few unique features. Like Data-
Comp and Spectral Associates, FHL gives you an addressa-
ble cursor, upper and lower case, control codes and inverse
video. Extra functions include an optional status bar at the
bottom or top of the screen like the fancy professional
terminals. It is also possible to “protect” certain portions of
the screen. That is, you can put a block of information on the
screen and keep it from scrolling or being overwritten. FHL
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FOR THE TRS 80 COLOR COMPUTER
video routines also allow special methods of generating all
of the ASCII characters and codes without the necessity of
defining user keys.
A very handy feature of FHL Flex is the HELP com-
mand. Did you forget how to work a certain command like
CAT? Type HELP CAT to get the answer. No other version
of Flex currently offers this feature.
FHL also provides a printer driver that is built into Flex.
That means the driver is immediately available without
loading from disk. You can even send a special control code
form the keyboard to cause everything that outputs to the
screen to also output to the printer. This is especially useful
for getting hard copies from programs that were not
designed to access the printer port. Baud rates up to 9600 are
provided.
The SETUP command is very powerful. You may use
SETUP to alter the printer baud rates, set up parameters for
an external terminal, set up stepping rates for your disk
drives and examine and change portions of memory. You
can even use the SETUP command to tell the operating
system what kind of disks you have; once the system is
informed that you have a 40 track single sided drive, it would
not waste time trying to format that drive 80 track or double
sided. FHL’s competitors at Data-Comp seem to feel that
this aspect of SETUP is a waste of time and an extra step. On
other Flex systems, if you attempt to operate a disk drive
beyond its capacity it will flop around for a while but even-
tually give up. On FH L Flex the system immediately knows
if you try to overextend a drive’s capability and aborts
gracefully. Is the extra step of using SETUP worthwhile?
Well, before deciding, remember that this only need be done
once and then forgotten. The other mentioned functions of
SETUP are undisputably worthwhile.
For those who own or intend to buy a professional dumb
terminal, a useful set of commands is EXT and INT. Like
Data-Comp’s TERM command, EXT gives control of the
computer to an external terminal which would normally
include a professional full function keyboard and an 80 x 24
characterdisplay. INT restores control to the Color Compu-
ter’s internal keyboard. As with Data-Comp’s TERM com-
mand, the BREAK key is recognized to cause a pause in the
output stream. Unlike Data-Comp’s TERM command,
baud rates to the terminal are initialized with the SETUP
command. Also unlike Data-Comp’s TERM command,
EXT and INT are included in the purchase price of FHL
Flex.
Some of you may be interested in learning Assembly
Language and may need some editing capability but are not
willing to spend a hundred bucks for the software. Frank
Hogg Labs recently began including an Interactive Assem-
bler and a Tiny Editor free when you purchase their version
of Flex for $69.95. 1 know that Data-Comp includes a full
feature Assembler and Editor with their Flex. The catch is
that Data-Comp charges $199 for their basic Flex package.
Neither the Interactive Assembler (ISM) nor the Tiny Edi-
tor (TED) are as powerful as their grownup counterparts
but they are surprisingly capable for their size. ISM assem-
bles code directly to memory and can immediately execute
the code, hence the term “Interactive.” Also included is the
ability to examine and change memory. TED is line oriented
and allows global searches and changes.
So far, everything I have described is included when you
buy FHL Flex for $69.95. For an extra $30, you can buy
DBASIC which I feel is well worth the expense. DBASIC is
FHL’s conversion of Radio Shack’s Disk Extended BASIC.
242 the RAINBOW July 1983
MIND BOGGLING
ADVENTURES
BEACON
by PAL Creations
You are the new keeper of an old
lighthouse. The fact you have no ex-
perience doesn’t matter as the old keeper
will meet you there to show you the ropes.
32K EXT $14.95
MANSION OF DOOM
by PAL Creations
Rescue the Princess Marlena from the
mysterious Count Von Steinoff and re-
unite her with the townspeople of her
village in Transylvania. The Count's man-
sion has 76 distinct locations for you to
explore in your rescue attempt.
32K EXT $14.95
EVASION
by PAL Creations
You have just escaped from a German
prison camp. That was the easy part. Now
you must get out of Germany!
32 K EXT $19.95
TOWER CASTLE
from Moreton Bay
17.95
BLACK SANCTUM
by Mark Data
$19.95
EL DIABLERO
by ( 'om/nilenvare
$19.95
CARIBBEAN ODYSSEY
You are stranded on a Caribbean island
once used by pirates to store their
treasures. While searching over 70 distinct
locations, can you find your one chance
for rescue?
32K EXT $19.95
THE FINAL
rainbow COUNTDOWN
by Bill & Debbie Cook
You are outside a missile base which has
just been evacuated because a bcserk
General has started the countdown on a
nuclear missile - target: MOSCOW.
Your mission, if you accept it, is to stop
the missile launch and prevent WWIII.
I6K EXT $14.95
STALAG & ENO
by PAL Creations
1) You are an allied POW in a German
prison camp in 1944 and were forgotten in
the hot box when the camp was evacuated
due to unexpected bombing raids. How
will you get out ALIVE?
2) Your eccentric old aunt just died and
left you a fortune in cash. To prove you
deserve it, you must decipher the clues
and find your fortune, which she hid in
her living room.
32K EXT Both for $14.95
/!^\
OLDIES BUT GOODIES. .
JUNGLE TREK
S£»l
Lost in a jungle with wild animals lurking;
your only survival is to find a safe com-
pound before you arc lunch for lions;
high resolution; multi-color.
16K EXT $14.95
SCORE-EZ
From 1 to 6 people can play this excellent
adaptation of a popular board game. The
computer keeps score for all players, and
rolls dice. You can roll again just like the
original game. Properly position the
results of each turn for maximum score.
The only thing you will need besides your
computer is players. Color graphics and
sound will entertain you for hours, and
it’s EZ to play.
16K EXT $15.95
RAINBOW
lirxft
BIORHYTHM/
PSYCHIC APT.
1) Prints biorhythm charts of nearly
unlimited length; attractively formatted
for use on Line Printer VII. 16K
2) Your psychic ability is determined
through questions evaluating your psychic
experiences
16K Ext Both for $15.95
CALIXTO ISLAND
by Mark Data
$19.95
JARB
COMPUTER PRODUCTS
1636 D Avenue, Suite C
National City, CA 92050
(619) 474-6213
Dealer/ Author Inquiries Invited
All programs watrantied 60 days from date ol put chase
to original purchaser. Unless otherwise specified, ship-
ping and handling S2 (K) per order. California residents
add 6°o sales tax.
U.S FUNDS ONLY
C.O.D. ORDERS ACCEPTED
NO CREDIT CARD ORDERS
S.S. POSEIDON
by Bill & Debbie C ook
You are aboard the S.S. Poseidon when it
is capsized by a tidal wave. It is floating
bottom-up on the surface and taking on
water. Will you survive to tell your tale?
16K LXl $14.95
SANDS OF EGYPT
DISK $29.95
UTILITIES
Disk to Tape (Tom Mix) 19.95
Tape to Disk (Tom Mix) 19.95
Color Diagnostic (Computei'ware) 17