united states. american journalists and politicians commonly referred to these people as refugees. but there are many other historical examples that we could point to. we have used the term refugee over and over again throughout american immigration history. however, today refugee has a very precise legal meaning, and that meeting has developed over the past 60 years, as we will see in today's class. we don't see a distinct refugee policy until the end of world war ii. two congressional acts are generally considered the origins of american refugee policy. the 1948 displaced persons act and the 1953 refugee relief act. under these two programs, the federal government allowed roughly 600,000 europeans to immigrate to the united states over and beyond the established immigration quotas, because it was deemed in the national interest. can anyone tell me why the truman and eisenhower administration would have deemed it in the national interest to accommodate european refugees and displaced persons? anyon

isolation of the united states. verification by the international community of the legitimacy of the iranian position really which is an important achievement not. this put it on but for the national community for the rule of law no. contact at the military level with our friends those contacts will continue usually these are not broadcast live on television i see you mentioned the european reaction and i do want to ask you about the europeans because i think in russia now nowadays finds itself in a situation similar to the one that they were on it was with the g c p a way because it has invested in the pipeline in the north stream pipeline and now it sees the europeans having 2nd thoughts of paying lip service to certain ideas for the out actually putting any muscle behind it. can the europeans still be regarded as this reasonable part of the west because they definitely are talking different talk from the united states but are they more reliable when it comes to international agreements and keeping their war it bu

a united states state. and this guy, senator gruning, was kind of a hard-nosed realist. he was doing a cost/benefit analysis. and his critique was i don't get it. why does it make sense for the united states to spend blood and treasure going to vietnam? there was no big moral critique. there was no larger issue about the meaning of americanness. it didn't add up for him. but, again, these are two senators. there's almost no visible critique as johnson launches what will quickly become an american war in vietnam. there were a few other voices, a few public voices that raised questions. mostly from that realist perspective. does this add up? hans morgenthou, a guy in the academic community, he raised those issues. walter litman, a famous columnist, been making pronouncements about american policy for some 50 years. he raised some questions. he also critiqued this as a really -- just not a reasonable solution to america's interests in asia. but otherwise, remember, there's a kind of consensus. it's an election

it's a threat to the united states militarily -- maybe not in terms the united states being invaded and card kurd that's likely not going to happen. but it's still a military threat, we can be damaged by imperial japan and nazi germany. and perhaps even more significantly, it's an economic threat to our well-being. if the nazis dominate europe and control the natural resources, of europe if the japanese conquer and control the resources of asia, what will we do? you can say we'll trade with them, but what if they don't trade with us, what if they isolate us economically, how do we grow and prosper. remember 1939 1940, the great depression is not fully over yet. it's gotten better but it's still on. americans are really concerned about their economic well-being, this argument says we might be in the state of permanent depression. we may not have any capacity for growth in a world dominated by nazi germany and imperial japan. this is a threat to democracy for, us we are in danger. our whole way of life can be destroyed by world dominated, by these dictatorships. the interventionists argue

the president of the united states should be that. lastly i believe in, i would hope the president in the united states would indicate clearly that this decision was going to be carried out. under the handling of the case it was not. i think the president was responsible and those involved he should make it clear, the springboard decision is going to be carried out in a way that the supreme court plant. then in my judgment, i believe we can make progress. the president administration the president has never indicated what he thought of the 1954 decision. and if he doesn't speak, the country doesn't speak. the presidency of the united states is a place of moral leadership and i believe on this great moral leadership you should speak out and give your views clearly. >> mister vice president? >> senator kennedy has some high hopes and hopes which all american share, progress in this area. let's look at the performance. selected as vice presidential running mate, you selected a man who had ordered against most of these proposals and a man

states and also from various circles in afghanistan as well that the united states has given too much weight to the taliban is that the case well we are not happy about the. release of some of those prisoners yet you facilitated it yes because we wanted something that was very important is very important for afghanistan for the international community. we wanted afghans to negotiate an end to the war which is i don't think any country that unhappy about the release of prisoners as i said we were through with said no let the war go on. we appreciate their expression of unhappiness. empathize with them we think the goal of making afghanistan to be more peaceful for afghans to come together. in the war for afghanistan not to be a threat to the international community and for the burden of afghanistan to reach to reduce on the international community as you referred to at the beginning of the program are significant goals and objectives and sacrifices to be made tough decisions difficult decisions had to be made. if nothing important is easy. to achieve and we had to do those tough things

the united states -- u.s. combat has taken the lives of around 800,000 people, but they're also indirect deaths. deaths caused by the destruction of local infrastructure, health care services, hospitals, food sources. and those total deaths could never upwards of 3 million people. and i think most people in the united states, myself included, have not really reckoned with the total damage that these wars have caused. we h haven't even begun to read our minds around what it would mean to have this level of destructction in our lives. amy: and you have, for example,, the effects of soldiers on bases like what happened in the philippines where the authoritarian leader president duterte just pardoned a u.s. soldier who was found guilty of murdering a trans womaman off base. >> yes. this is anotheher cost of war. we need to look at the cost of war in terms of -- the human cost in terms of directct combat deaths, injururies in these wars on terror, numbering in the tens of millions. but we also need to look at thee

states isolation of the united states. verification by the international community of the legitimacy of the iranian position really rich is an important achievement not just put it on but for the international community and for the rule of law. north stream is is a very clear example that if europeans allow the united states to bully them when it comes to iran the united states can bully them when it comes to the lifeline and north stream is extremely important for europe as you know and the united states is even trying to intimidate clearly intimidate germany from from engaging with russia in that so i think the lesson that has to be drawn from that is that if you allow a bully to operate then these new leaders know and i think the europeans need to realize that. we have said that with or without the united states iranian interest that or. guaranteed in the j.c. we don't want anything outside the g.c. people we simply want what is ours what was bargained what was negotiated within the j.c. pewee and it cannot be renegotia

states to be prepared for a virus or to be able to contain it united states is forming a risk in the world people and 25 percent of the world's koroma cases and the rona debt other countries have been able to protect and contain in a way the united states as not the last time we had an endemic like this in the. 19 a the fire was started in the army of the united states and the base has no responsible adult holding the american fires this lloyd by mr truong is a. effort and it is interesting to watch the chinese be cautious be as margaret be as cooperative in their response as they are they showing the restraint that is the literal opposite of the rest of self school. of mr truong well it's funny because you're very much right on point there president trump is facing backlash for his alleged mishandling or his mishandling of the pandemic a some say and accuse him of christie other countries are also getting increasingly nervous here and they reiterate that china and the u.s. they must reconcile we're talking about the world's 2 largest economies how will they be affected if the situat

but the problem is not only in the united states. even my own society, portugal, that had a colonial past, and in which we have an afro—portuguese community, sometimes we feel... but the focus is very much, isn't it, secretary, on the united states? we need to make sure there is a possibility for everybody to live together and to feel that they belong to the society, and that they are respected in their values and identity. sure, but i have to just ask you particularly about the united states. that's where you're based. you've seen all the protests because of george floyd's killing, and also now because of jacob blake in wisconsin, and the kind of anger it's unleashed on the street. so it's not peculiar to the united states, but do you think america has a race problem? all countries have and, of course, the us also has. it's a vibrant democracy, but with a very dramatic legacy from the point of view... 0k, you've said about the legacy. all right. you're not going to... ..which, of course, creates the difficulties that we all recogn

states and ways they're able to thrive in the united states. what's amazing to see is how much upward mobility has been established by a lot of these refugees within a span of a generation. i once interviewed a meng woman who described how she gave birth on the side of the mae kong give to a baby and she couldn't immediately swim across the river because she had just given birth and the baby was so small. as soon as she was able, she did. her husband carried one child on his shoulders and she carried the newborn baby. they swap across the river as troops were shooting at them. i asked after she told the story, what happened to the baby. she said, oh, she's a law student at uc berkeley now. i think it's really powerful to remember how much struggle southeast asian refugees have experienced due to war, due upheaval, due to dislocation. culturally, politically, economically, it's powerful. but i also think we do it to serve by just focusing on success stories. yang is a success story. wen is a success story, award whipping southeast asian authors

the united states are thinking about. there is one issue that stands out above all the rest, one in which every american is concerned, regardless of what group he may be a member and regardless of where he may live. and that issue, very simply stated, is this, how can we keep the peace, keep it without surrender? how can we extend freedom, extend it without war? now in determining how we deal with this issue, we must find the answer to a very important but simple question -- who threatens the peace? who threatens freedom in the world? there is only one threat to peace and one threat to freedom, that that is presented by the international communist movement. and therefore if we are to have peace, we must know how to deal with the communists and their leaders. i know mr. khrushchev. i also have had the opportunity of knowing and meeting other communist leaders in the world. i believe there are certain principles we must find in dealing with him and his colleagues. principles, if followed, that will keep the peace and that a

of the united states. what nation would do this to itself? it is a very strange idea, right. it is a very strange idea to have woven into the fabric of the constitution a system that allows for the indefinite expansion of the nation through space and through the accretion of additional political units. that have the power over time to overwhelm the original, the political units, the states that originally made up the country. >> i just have a question about the expansion part. what did, like, france or spain or great britain think of this map. because this is very clearly incorporates territories that they supposedly claims and had claimed to in the northwest or in the southwest, down there. >> well, that is right. and it became, the united states had to worry a lot about the hostility of foreign powers in the early deck aades of its existence. and in the territories by the treaty of paris of 1783, britain never gave up western posts in the great lakes region and continued to harass or encourage native all

the united states was a country of first refuge, meaning they came straight to the united states. especially to places like miami. the policy for cuban refugees was such that these refugees with the given asylum as part of a bigger anti-castro policy. a number of requirements were imposed on these early refugee populations. they illustrated how the united states pursued its own cold war self-interest. first, as i have already mentioned, the u.s. offered a special welcome to people fleeing communism. second, preference was given for refugees who were professionals or highly educated or skilled. this is in keeping with other immigration laws of the period. while welcoming people has been seen as a human acts, these efforts were often centered on the need of the united states. these images feature refugees who arrived in the united states during this time. the photo on the left features displaced persons who were registering at fort ontario emergency refugee center. it housed 1000 people displaced by world war ii. the photo on the right is the cover of time magazine 1957, featuring t

united states. especially to places like miami. >>> a number of remembers, and these requirements illustrated how the united states pursued its on cold warse self-interest. the u.s. offered a special welcome to people fleeing communism. second, the preference was given for refugees who are professionals or highly educated, skilled, keeping in of in with other immigration laws of the period. and while they humanitarian efforts were often centered on the needs of the united states. they images feature refugees who appeared during this per. on the left is displaced persons registers at ft. on on tear i don't center. >> and the one on the right is a cover of "time," featuring their chosen person of the year in 1956. the person of the year in 1956 was the hungarian freedom fighter. so let's think about this. what do you think this image on the right tells us about how americans viewed hungarian freedom fighters during this time. think about what it means for "time" to choose hungarian freedom fighters as

history which is good news for the united states. he's because he was trying to move the united states to an autocracy you've got you've got to hope for the military he has he doesn't have it these people rally dislike him when you're you're bringing up something else about the war i don't like the wars i think there was a mistake to go into iraq with this is now with 20 years of hindsight and reflection i don't like it tacked on the world trade center 19 years ago i've been on wall street for 32 years i lost scores of friends in the world trade center and one very close friend and i eulogized his children. and 9 and 719 years ago so i don't like that either so you know and i know we live in a very very complex world and you can just look at the actions and the antics of president trump and know that he's unfit to serve as the american president and i would make the case even fewer to our adversaries you want somebody more stable in that job and you want somebody a little bit more predictive ball and you want somebody that actually r

khrushchev had had a fight over the united states? the answer is that communist espionage goes on all the time. the united states can't afford to have an espionage act or an intelligence lag anymore than a missile lag. question, what i object to hear is the constant reference to surrendering. forgets to point in a votehe key vote which i've referred to several times where he was in the minority, was one that rejected his position. now, why did they rejected? for the following reason that the senators knew what the president of united states new, that you should not indicate to the communists in advance that you are going to surrendering area. why? because they know and senator kennedy will also know that if you do that, you encourage them to more aggression. >> mr. kennedy? on. kennedy: number one come china, mr. nixon talked in the spring of 1964 about putting "american boys into china." this was a result of the geneva conference. number two, on the question of just before the conference, because of the hazards involved, i never crit

communications platform from the united states is a really significant interference with the speech of americans and that requires a very high level of justification so it takes more than a vague. statement that this. well armed actual security there really needs to be specific and we've never seen those specifics on that that's not enough to pass a constitutional test. my account see you come to us with the perspective from china you work a lot with social media in china how is this ban being perceived in mainland china and beyond well actually also just what what micha now says actually is something that you also hear a lot by chinese experts and social media responses that people say this ban has nothing to do with the national security of the u.s. this has everything to do with protecting american digital hedging moni and the american authorities being afraid of the social media landscape in the world shifting to words the westernization and shifting towards the digital rise of china and i mean america used to be the main player when it you know when it was about social media but t

iran will respond to the united states and how the united states decides to impose the these u.n. sanctions as they see it now within iran this lots of political differences the president has and rouhani and his reformists are defending the deal domestically because there has been some opposition to it but the conservative and hardliners who make up the majority of parliament well they want a stronger response if those sanctions are put back in place in fact the head of the commission of foreign policy and national security has said that iran should return to preach a nuclear state which means that a high level of enrichment more centrifuges more advanced centrifuges should be used and nuclear propellant should be used to aid iran's navy and there's also suggestions from some of the conservatives here that should reduce its cooperation with the i.a.e.a. in terms of reducing or limiting the amount of inspections that take place but president hassan rouhani is very much invested in the. 2015 nuclear deal and he's policy and he's allies policy is wait and see what happens and then lo

states lost the economic engine that's being provided by hispanics in the united states right now but from an entrepreneurial standpoint and from a consumer standpoint it would cripple the u.s. economy it sounds like that 1.7 trillion and a lot of money people don't often talk about this right but i want to ask you where do with panix in next here did they over index how do they are index or do they over and act as consumers. there's no question as far as shopping is concerned i mean i think we have some numbers that we can show that are regular shopping online shopping hispanics 37 percent compared to 17 percent of the rest of the population they like to spend money as far as using their mobile phones 56 percent to 33 percent of the population i mean that's a huge number if you've got a business and you want somebody to sell to that's what you want to target as far as shopping for new products right they again over index 31 percent to 14 percent of the population car sales in the united states ask any of the big car manufacturers ford for example had an increase of 96 percent in hisp

states will impose these the united states is threatening 2nd resections or 2nd kind of punishments for countries that deal with iran and that's some of the frustrations that iran has had with the europeans now they say it's not enough for the europeans to oppose the united states because they have managed to find a way around the sanctions and to stand up to what iran calls u.s. bullying all right thanks so much there. now tens of thousands of tired protesters have ended a new round of demonstrations by presenting a set of demands to the monarchy it calls for the king's power to be limited a new constitution to be drawn and elections to be held produces a mob the monarchy is illegal in thailand demonstrators also placed the plug next to the grand palace in bangkok clearing the nation belongs to the people more protests are planned for thursday and the general strike next month when haye has more from bangkok. for the significance 1st of all is the location where the protest was held tens of thousands of people turning out on saturday and where this park has been placed which is the

front from inside the united states. you've seen what we've done to those five in houston, and that's been going on a long time and said, well, too bad. goodness gracious, we have an open country they're going to spy and steal our stuff. we're not going to do that. the most important group we need to take the case for convince the american people of a threat and challenge and i think we've gone a long way into communicating transparently why it is the case tens of millions of jobs have been stolen through the chinese predatory in the test to the chinese predatory economic activity in the united states and cannot continue and that connects to the piece to your point, the international allies, i've spent my year and a half as director of the central intelligence agency and now coming on two half years as secretary of state all around the world. talking to them. not coercively, not threateningly, just data, just facts about what the chinese communist party is doing to their people and to their country, to the threats that o

the united states senators were elected by legislators. there was huge sums of money going into those campaigns. there was corruption. you had a group of individuals who were looking for a way to change the status quo. and around 1900, the idea of progressivism coalesced. you had reformers, nationwide, looking at how you get into this problem, and what can we do about that. the progressives were especially interested in changing systems. they were concerned that the game was fixed. so that the big money folks, the corporations, the special interests, were going to be able to get their way. they weren't advocating any equality of result but they wanted everyone to be at the starting line, the same starting line. l a followlette went on to the united states house of representatives and a conventional congressman voting the party line but in the early 1890s, something happened to him that helped change him. 1891, he was called into the office of senator sawyer, republican u.s. senator, and sawyer was involved in a law case which was going to

is not exactly the most trusted source over here in the united states of america but you know i still have friends on the ground and i don't recall josue mahdi being very you know accommodating to u.s. military forces in iraq if you know of operations i mean ok it's granted that hillary clinton if she had been elected didn't talk about the desire for peace arguably in the same way that trump did but the u.s. is still in afghanistan and is still in iraq 4 years after he was elected what do you make of this problem is it the deep state preventing him from realizing his objective to minimize u.s. taxpayer dollars being spent on foreign conflict well the united states is still in europe my dad fought in world war 2 back in 1940 s. the united states is still in korea and i was last days in korea in 1900 so i don't have any issue with having a presence that tries to make sure that we exude what ron reagan called it peace through strength you know tactics and i know that you have countries such as poland that wants to have better u.s. relations military relations so that they can for any agg

>>> it's been a bad summer for the united states. the superpower and leader of the free would has fumbled its response to covid-19. now america neeleads the world covid cases and deaths. and then caught on camera, another black man by police. it caused americans to take to the street. meanwhile, the ugly political partisanship gets worse by the day. >> these people are clowns. >> on the world's stage, president trump is ruling over just about every moment of his presence. >> many trade deals will be under negotiation. the iran nuclear report and most recently the world health organization. he has upset traditional allies and he had made interesting new friends. how does the world see us at this critical juncture just two months before the presidential election. that will either keep donald trump in office for another four years or kick him out. that is what we will explore this hour and how they see us, a global view of trump's america. >>> we'll start the toe with tony blare, the former establish prime minister has been loyal friend

but united states and china so ok i don't know if this actually benefits united states from economic one of you but unfortunately that's what he believes and you know we can debate about that after x. off this trade. there's no empirical evidence showing up in you just a hook as a trump strategy doesn't matter to me is it is not a hallmark of 4 years about. elected. you know that's that's his sources coming from unfortunately he wanted to have china being a champion issue in 2020 an actual problem is that today you know china has entire intractable operation is less than one day sofa 4 in fashion united states that this white you know the china issue is inevitably connected to this mismanagement and total fiasco in content of house and house this so this is a strong on one side he has to clean up the childish you i'm just on the other side it reminds of american people of the shah contrast between china and united states respect to the congo policy issue but don't give the american media that much credit and the american public knows virtually nothing about china at the end of the da

the united states automobile industry will set up expanding the capacity to the united states, not china, to lead the world in clean energy vehicles. i cannot wait to get upset -- to get behind that. all electric corvette that goes 210 miles per hour. you think i am kidding. [laughter] do not tell me we do not make -- last year, that's at a speed record. do not tell me we do not make the best cars right here in the united states. and trucks. we are going to make it easy for consumers to switch to electric vehicles. we are going to build on all the new infrastructure. we are going to build a network of 500,000 charging stations across america, dividing a prevailing wage with jobs for other craftsman across the country. by offering rebates and incentives to swap older, fuel-efficient vehicles for clean american-made models, saving hundreds of millions of barrels of oil. together this will mean -- listen to me now -- one million new jobs in the american automobile industry. [applause] as well asy chain associated infrastructure. we can do this. we can do this. we can revitalize our industri

what role with the united states play in the world? according to one musicologist, music is not just something quote nice to listen to. instead, he writes, it is what we make it and what we make of it. people think through music, he writes. and the use it to decide who they are. and i would suggest to you that for many decades the american people did a great deal of thinking through music, and their reflections on classical music and on the work of musicians and performing institutions allowed them to achieve a deeper understanding of america's release in the world. as i conducted research for this book, i came across the striking things that i didn't expect to find, that is almost inevitable when you're doing research on a book, but i really was struck by a couple of things that were utterly unexpected. the first concerns and during debate on the relationship between art and politics in the united states. it was a bitter debate and a kid those who viewed classical music and highly nationalistic terms against those possessing a more id

to the venezuelans here in the united states. he repeatedly refuses -- travel warnings to americans don't go close to venezuelans, but to the venezuelans, you have to go home. the president has refused because the defendant his anti-immigration cruelty has no limits. despite the chest-three-martini lunching to audiences in l ifful about taking on venezuelan dictators, president trump has in fact turned his back on the venezuelans in the united states who truly need his protection. nobody should be surprised, as former national security advisor john bolton wrote in his book, the president praised maduro as, quote, smart and tough. and he's waffled on any coherent policy in the region and told bolton not to get too deeply involved. president trump can't have it both ways. i've met many venezuelans in my home state of illinois. i can tell you, they're desperately worried about being forced to return to the chaos, violence, and hopelessness of the current venezuela. the trump administration's travel advisory says it all. do not trave

who has led the efforts to achieve peace in the on behalf of the united states since september 28th . having made it this far what's next in the afghan peace process and what role will washington play. the u.s. special representative for afghanistan reconciliation. talks to al jazeera. ambassador zalmay u.s. special representative for a silly nation thank you very much for talking to us there it's good to be with you trillions of dollars spent nearly 1000 years later the united states thinks that it is now time for the afghans to sort out of going to stand themselves you call it a historic opportunity. well for 19 years there has been an effort to end the war in afghanistan. by adding an agreement that's broadly supported in afghanistan a political roadmap and also an agreement that afghanistan never again would be a threat to the international community in of course. we worry about the united states in particular after all it was the $911.00 attack that did the u.s. and coalition forces have come to afghanistan and we had the 1st. time in these days 20 years something you could go ba

states if you were ever to come here to the united states because they'd be able to do everything behind closed doors ok we're rapidly running out of time this part of the program here in the next part i want to talk about the issue of freedom of speech of the 1st amendment because i think you can interpret it in many many ways and i want to talk about the future of journalism so stay with us we're going to go to a short break and when we come back we'll give you a discussion on julian assange. seems wrong. just don't all. get to shape our. engagement because betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart. choose to look for common ground. world is driven by. the day. thing. we dare to ask. welcome back across the uk where all things are considered on people bill to remind you we're discussing the song struggle. ok let's go back to london feeling you were talking about that day at the 1st amendment here but this is an extradition treaty and i do know looking at the people that are covering this is that they are grappling with a man how american law meets british law because it's a t

the united states needs to respond in that way. what we are taking is given by a comprehensive response to the challenges presented by xi jinping. >> thank you for this rich conversation. we understand this and send our congratulations to the people of bahrain and israel, long lasting peace on which the region can build. thanks for taking the time. >> have a good day. >> donald trump will be campaigning in fayetteville, north carolina this afternoon. watch live beginning at 6:00 pm eastern on c-span. online, c-span.org or listen to the free c-span radio apps. >> with the ongoing global pandemic and many shifting to online learning c-span student cam competition continues to provide students with a platform to engage in a national conversation asking middle and high school students to produce a documentary exploring the issues they most want the president and new congress to address in 2021. >> choose fact or reason. this is giving americans and justice, and those at times for eight amendments. and issues of equality. it needs a for

or the united states maybe a 5th of the argue lation. is immunologically compromised it's not just because cancers and diseases but also because of malnutrition oh it is assumed sections like hiv but in poor countries in sub-saharan africa and south asia and many parts of merican. the majority of the population is 75 percent. is in this position be kinda ripped through. and demi i should say and then they un special rapporteur who talked about increasing malnutrition after $28.00 in britain he said it was a political decision the british government denied that completely michael stopping that more from mike davis after this prank. elgar forward to talking to you or that a technology should work for. a robot must obey the orders given to a human being except where such orders to conflict with the 1st law show your identification or should be very careful about artificial intelligence to have a point obviously is to place a trust rather than a fair. word. playing with artificial intelligence will summoning the demon. the obama must protect

we have leverage at the united states to stand for the protection of women and girls. to tell us exactly how you are going to protect them, a series of questions to be answered as they follow up on these negotiations. >> without objection. >> i believe - what was specifically in their, for women and girls and protect us from being attacked again. >> regarding security, there are specific commitments. >> is there enforcement? >> we are free from their commitments as we have made. it is condition based. we deliver on the commitments and go back to withdrawal forces. those are decisions that we have to make. this is not an agreement based on trust, what they do and what we do and they are linked with each other. the afghan negotiations, the peace negotiations are not finished yet. dealing with terrorism, forces completed but that opened the door, the future of afghanistan and complete and permanent cease-fire. i want to assure you, your strong commitment and feelings and disregard reflect our values and my instructions we will work very hard to make sure the gains that ha

not just in the united states, but about the united states. that journalists cannot solicicit information f m sources. and to solicit information is to be involved in a conspiracy. amy: accomplice. typesterms of the charge that it is trying to charge me with does include conspiracy and conspiracy for espionage. this is rubbish. we cannot tolerarate this at the political level or media level. amy: that is julian assange inside the ecuadorian embassy before he was taken a year and and ago by british pololice put in the belmarsh prison. this is nils melzer, the united nations special on torture who --ited julian last year special rapporteur on torture, who visited assange last year in london's belmarsh prison. metaphysical examination for an hour by hour forensic expert and we had the two hour psychiatric examination. all three of us had the same that he showed all the symptoms that are typical for a person that has been exposed to psychological torture over an extended period of time. amy: that is the united nations special rapporteur on torture