Sketch the Cow

Following growth declines and increased mortality linked to acid deposition-induced calcium depletion, red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in the northeastern United States are experiencing a recovery. We found that more than 75% of red spruce trees and 90% of the plots examined in this study exhibited increasing growth since 2001. To understand this change, we assessed the relationship between red spruce radial growth and factors that may influence growth: tree age and diameter, stand dynamics,...
Topics: Acid deposition, Climate change, Dendrochronology, Nitrate, Picea rubens, Winter temperature, Woody...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Irrigation of ‘Green walls’ is necessary to avoid drought stress of grass vegetation (Phleum pratense L.)

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexandra Medl; Florin Florineth; Silvia B. Kikuta; Stefan Mayr

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Climate change will lead to increased frequencies of weather extremes in Central Europe, such as severe heat waves and droughts, causing high stress intensities for plants. Drought stress also represents a critical factor on many re-cultivated areas with poor edaphic conditions and small soil depths. This includes living wall systems which are applied to cover shotcrete walls and re-integrate them in landscape surroundings. Due to the vertical arrangement of these systems, which limits...
Topics: Drought stress, Living wall systems, Osmotic potential, Relative water content, Stomatal...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Pathways of adaptation to external stressors in coastal natural-resource-dependent communities: Implications for climate change

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexandra Paige Fischer

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Adaptation to climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing coastal communities today. Coastal communities are subject to a wide range of stressors related to climate change, including biological resource decline and natural hazards. Small historically natural-resource-dependent communities are particularly vulnerable because of their close reliance on ecosystem goods and services that are likely to be affected by climate change (e.g., fisheries, forests) and their limited access to...
Topics: Adaptation, Climate change, Coastal Oregon, Path dependency, Rural communities, USA

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Characterizing behavioral adaptation to climate change in temperate forests

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexandra Paige Fischer

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The potential impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems are well recognized, and a wide variety of adaptation measures have been proposed. However, little is known about whether and how adaptation is occurring among people in these ecosystems. Understanding adaptation at the level of individuals, including members of households and extended families, is especially important because it is the level at which people most directly experience climate change impacts and engage in behavioral...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Seed germination of bromeliad species from the campo rupestre: thermal time requirements and response under predicted climate-change scenarios

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexandre Aparecido Duarte; José Pires de Lemos Filho; Andréa Rodrigues Marques

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The characterization of thermal thresholds, base (Tb) and ceiling (Tc) temperatures and thermal-times for germination (θg) has gained importance for predicting the persistence and distribution of species in the face of climate change. This study aimed to determine the thermal thresholds for germination of bromeliads from campos rupestres in order to verify if sympatric species have similar thermal requirements. We also examined whether inter-annual variations in climatic conditions drive...
Topics: Base temperature, Bromeliad, Campo rupestre, Climate change, IPCC scenarios, Thermal time model

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Climate Change and Agriculture: Do Environmental Preservation and Ecosystem Services Matter?

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexandre Gori Maia; Bruno César Brito Miyamoto; Junior Ruiz Garcia

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Climate change is expected to cause several impacts on agriculture. Nonetheless, adaptive strategies and environmental sustainability may affect the ability to cope with these impacts. We analyze how agricultural technologies and the ecosystem diversity represented by the land cover have attenuated the impacts of extreme climate events on agricultural production in the São Paulo state, Brazil. Analyses are based on a panel with information for 568 municipalities between 1990 and 2014. We first...
Topics: Agricultural Production, Environmental Sustainability, Extreme Events, Production Practices

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Unavoidable solutions for coastal adaptation in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean)

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexandre K. Magnan; Virginie K.E. Duvat

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The study of recent past trajectories of vulnerability to climate-related hazards allows for highlighting the prevailing environmental and anthropogenic drivers that operated over the last fifty to sixty years and given latency phenomena in social systems, therefore have the potential to continue driving a system's vulnerability in the coming decades. Stop or even reverse these trends represents as much unavoidable solutions for enhancing concrete long-term adaptation to climate change,...
Topics: Adaptation, Climate change, Small islands, Vulnerability

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Knowledge and dialogue to deal with uncertainty

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexandre Quintanilha

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""Knowledge is power"" was written more than 400 years ago by Francis Bacon. Centuries later, Einstein cautioned: ""Information is not knowledge. The only source of knowledge is experience."" We gain experience by promoting curiosity, imagination and the audacity to question authority. Most of us take for granted the advances in science that allowed our planet's population to have more than quadrupled and our average lifespan more than doubled in just...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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The impact of inter-annual rainfall variability on African savannas changes with mean rainfall

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexis D. Synodinos; Britta Tietjen; Dirk Lohmann; Florian Jeltsch

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Savannas are mixed tree-grass ecosystems whose dynamics are predominantly regulated by resource competition and the temporal variability in climatic and environmental factors such as rainfall and fire. Hence, increasing inter-annual rainfall variability due to climate change could have a significant impact on savannas. To investigate this, we used an ecohydrological model of stochastic differential equations and simulated African savanna dynamics along a gradient of mean annual rainfall...
Topics: Coexistence mechanisms, Fire, Rainfall variability, Savanna-grassland bistability, Stochastic...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Exploring the impacts of climate and policy changes on coastal community resilience: Simulating alternative future scenarios

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexis K. Mills; John P. Bolte; Peter Ruggiero; Katherine A. Serafin; Eva Lipiec; John Stevenson; Chad Zanocco; Denise Lach

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Coupled models of coastal hazards, ecosystems, socioeconomics, and landscape management in conjunction with alternative scenario analysis provide tools that can allow decision-makers to explore effects of policy decisions under uncertain futures. Here, we describe the development and assessment of a set of model-based alternative future scenarios examining climate and population driven landscape dynamics for a coastal region in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. These scenarios incorporated coupled...
Topics: Climate change adaptation planning, Coastal community resilience, Coastal flooding, Coastal...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Fuel Poverty Potential Risk Index in the context of climate change in Chile

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alexis Pérez-Fargallo; Carlos Rubio-Bellido; Jesús A. Pulido-Arcas; Fco Javier Guevara-García

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Public housing policies face a challenge in order to meet not only the right to housing, but also an affordable and comfortable use for them. In this context, most of the studies related to fuel poverty are based on a diagnosis of existing conditions, but there is a lack of information focusing on how to predict the risk of fuel poverty in future dwellings considering a context of climate change. This research develops an index to assist policymakers in the decision-making process during the...
Topics: Adaptive comfort, Climate change, Fuel Poverty, Policymaking, Social housing

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Escalating heat-stress mortality risk due to global warming in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ali Ahmadalipour; Hamid Moradkhani

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Climate change will substantially exacerbate extreme temperature and heatwaves. The impacts will be more intense across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a region mostly characterized by hot and arid climate, already intolerable for human beings in many parts. In this study, daily climate data from 17 fine-resolution Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are acquired to calculate wet-bulb temperature and investigate the mortality risk for people aged over 65 years caused by excessive heat...
Topics: CORDEX, Climate change, Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Mortality, RCM, Wet-bulb temperature

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Life cycle assessment of nanoadsorbents at early stage technological development

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ali Kazemi; Nader Bahramifar; Akbar Heydari; Stig Irving Olsen

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Increasing pressure to the environment due to human activities manifests the necessity of applying new approaches to determine the environmental impact of a new product before scale-up. Nanoadsorbents as an emerging product and a special application of nanomaterial play an important role in the control and removal of environmental pollutants. This application is still an emerging technology at the early stages of development. Hence, the heart of this study enables an environmental assessment of...
Topics: LCA, Mercury, Nanoadsorbents, Prospective approach, Removal

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Deciphering physio-biochemical, yield, and nutritional quality attributes of water-stressed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants grown from Zn-Lys primed seeds

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ali Noman; M. Tariq Javed; Nasir Rasool; Jazia Naseem

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Water shortage appears to be expedited under the current climate change scenario worldwide. The present work was aimed to investigate the effects of zinc-chelated lysine (Zn-Lys) on germination and yield of water stressed radish plants. The research was comprised of two studies where the effect of Zn-Lys seed priming on germination attributes under PEG-induced water stress was investigated in the first experiment. In the second experiment, growth, physio-biochemical, and yield responses of...
Topics: Antioxidants, Bio-fortification, Drought, Nutrient dynamics, Nutritional quality, Plant biomass

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Sustainability choice of different hybrid timber structure for low medium cost single-story residential building: Environmental, economic and social assessment

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ali Tighnavard Balasbaneh; Abdul Kadir Bin Marsono; Seyed Jalal Khaleghi

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The impact of different hybrid timber building construction on three different categories namely: environment, economic and social is analyzed in this research. Five types of hybrid timber structure have been chosen in this study toward finding the most optimum choice for Malaysian low income housing. The base material of all case studies are wood and only main frame of structures are different. The environmental impact of each individual design encompasses material extraction, transportation,...
Topics: Climate change mitigation, Hybrid timber structure, Life cycle sustainability assessment, Social...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Response of a land-terminating sector of the western Greenland Ice Sheet to early Holocene climate change: Evidence from 10Be dating in the Søndre Isortoq region

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alia J. Lesnek; Jason P. Briner

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The prevalence of land-terminating Greenland Ice Sheet margins is expected to increase as tidewater glaciers retreat onto land, yet few studies have characterized the sensitivity of these slow-moving margins to climatic variability. The response of land-terminating ice sheet sectors to climate forcing can be assessed by examining records of paleo-ice margin positions preserved in ice sheet moraine systems. In western Greenland, the extensive Fjord Stade moraine system was deposited by minor...
Topics: 10Be exposure dating, Greenland Ice Sheet, Holocene, Moraines

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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The Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event: Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change across the Alpine Tethys (Switzerland)

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alicia Fantasia; Karl B. Föllmi; Thierry Adatte; Jorge E. Spangenberg

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Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change associated with the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE) was evaluated in five successions located in Switzerland. They represent different paleogeographic settings across the Alpine Tethys: the northern shelf (Gipf, Riniken and Rietheim), the Sub-Briançonnais basin (Creux de l'Ours), and the Lombardian basin (Breggia). The multi-proxy approach chosen (whole-rock and clay mineralogy, phosphorus, major and trace elements) shows that local...
Topics: Climate change, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Phosphorus, Proximal-distal transect, Toarcian OAE

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Mediterranean trees coping with severe drought: Avoidance might not be safe

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alicia Forner; Fernando Valladares; Ismael Aranda

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Plants coexisting in Mediterranean regions differ widely in their sensitivity to drought and in their ability to maintain carbon assimilation and hydraulic function ranging from avoidance to tolerance of stressful periods. We studied the response of three coexisting Mediterranean tree species (Quercus ilex L. spp. Ballota (Desf.) Samp., Quercus faginea Lam. and Pinus nigra ssp. Salzmannii J.F. Arnold) under natural conditions for three years to test their functional strategies in dealing with...
Topics: Gas exchange, Pinus nigra, Pressure-volume curve, Quercus faginea, Water status

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Ambient temperature and age-related notified Campylobacter infection in Israel: A 12-year time series study

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alina Rosenberg; Miriam Weinberger; Shlomit Paz; Lea Valinsky; Vered Agmon; Chava Peretz

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Background: Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of foodborne infection worldwide, with a seasonal disease peak that might be affected by temperature increase. We studied the relationship between ambient temperature and weekly notified Campylobacter spp.infections. Methods: Data on 29,762 laboratory-confirmed cases of Campylobacter infection for the period, January, 1999 to December, 2010 were retrieved from the Ministry of Health registry. To estimate the association between the number of...
Topics: Age-group, Campylobacter spp., J-shape curve, Threshold

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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From tree tops to the ground: Reversals to terrestrial habit in Galeandra orchids (Epidendroideae: Catasetinae)

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Aline C. Martins; Thuane Bochorny; Oscar A. Pérez-Escobar; Guillaume Chomicki; Silvana H.N. Monteiro; Eric de Camargo Smidt

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The colonization of the epiphytic niche of Neotropical forest canopies played an important role in orchid's extraordinary diversification, with rare reversions to the terrestrial habit. To understand the evolutionary context of those reversals, we investigated the diversification of Galeandra, a Neotropical orchid genus which includes epiphytic and terrestrial species. We hypothesized that reversion to the terrestrial habit accompanied the expansion of savannas. To test this hypothesis we...
Topics: Amazonia, Ancestral area estimation, Molecular dating, Orchids, South American arid diagonal

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Profiling the diversity of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in wastewater treatment plants in Australia using next generation sequencing

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alireza Zahedi; Alexander W. Gofton; Telleasha Greay; Paul Monis; Charlotte Oskam; Andrew Ball; Andrew Bath; Andrew Watkinson; Ian Robertson; Una Ryan

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Wastewater recycling is an increasingly popular option in worldwide to reduce pressure on water supplies due to population growth and climate change. Cryptosporidium spp. are among the most common parasites found in wastewater and understanding the prevalence of human-infectious species is essential for accurate quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) and cost-effective management of wastewater. The present study conducted next generation sequencing (NGS) to determine the prevalence and...
Topics: Cryptosporidium, Influent, Next generation sequencing (NGS), Wastewater

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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A comparison of ground-based methods for estimating canopy closure for use in phenology research

Jul 5, 2019 07/19

by Alison M. Smith; Paul M. Ramsay

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Climate change is influencing tree phenology, causing earlier and more prolonged canopy closure in temperate forests. Canopy closure is closely associated with understorey light, so shifts in its timing have wide-reaching consequences for ecological processes in the understorey. Widespread monitoring of forest canopies through time is needed to understand changes in light availability during spring in particular. Canopy openness, derived from hemispherical photography, has frequently been used...
Topics: Citizen science, Fisheye photography, Hemispherical photography, Phenology

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Ecosystem-based solutions for disaster risk reduction: Lessons from European applications of ecosystem-based adaptation measures

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alistair McVittie; Lorna Cole; Anita Wreford; Alessandra Sgobbi; Beatriz Yordi

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Disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation are connected through a common goal: reducing the impacts of extreme events and increasing resilience to disasters, particularly among vulnerable populations. By coordinating adaptation and disaster risk management policies, multiple benefits can be achieved. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) offers a cost-effective adaptation and DRR at different scales and under multiple scenarios. EbA uses natural or managed ecosystem processes to...
Topics: Climate adaptation, Disaster risk management, Ecosystem-based approaches

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Staying grounded? Applying the theory of planned behaviour to explore motivations to reduce air travel

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alistair Morten; Birgitta Gatersleben; Donna C. Jessop

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Air travel has been highlighted as a key environmental behaviour contributing to climate change. Given this, there is a surprising lack of theory-based research aimed at identifying factors that underpin motivation to reduce the number of flights taken. This study explored whether an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model could be usefully applied to identify significant predictors of intentions to reduce the number of flights taken for leisure, holidays or to visit family or friends....
Topics: Air travel, Climate change, Pro-environmental behaviour, Self-identity, Theory of planned behaviour

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Potential of conservation agriculture (CA) for climate change adaptation and food security under rainfed uplands of India: A transdisciplinary approach

Jul 5, 2019 07/19

by Aliza Pradhan; Catherine Chan; Pravat Kumar Roul; Jacqueline Halbrendt; Brent Sipes

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Rainfed agro-ecosystems, the purported grey patches untouched by the Green Revolution or most technological advances, occupy a prominent position in Indian agriculture. Cropping intensities and crop yields are low and unstable in these areas due to unpredictable patterns of rainfall, a host of biotic and abiotic stresses and adherence to traditional farm practices. This precarious food security situation is especially dangerous in the central Indian tribal belt (also known as the poverty belt)...
Topics: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Conservation agriculture (CA), Indian tribal farmers, Maize based...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Sensitivity analysis of temporal parameters in a dynamic LCA framework

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Allan Hayato Shimako; Mathieu Spérandio

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Including the temporal dimension in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method is a very recent research subject. A complete framework including dynamic Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and dynamic Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) was proposed with the possibility to calculate temporal deployment of climate change and ecotoxicity/toxicity indicators. However, the influence of different temporal parameters involved in the new dynamic method was not still evaluated. In the new framework, LCI and LCIA...
Topics: Climate change, Dynamic life cycle assessment, Sensitivity analysis, Toxicity

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Assessing the effects of temperature and salinity oscillations on a key mesopredator fish from European coastal systems

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Allan T. Souza; Martina I. Ilarri; Sérgio Timóteo; João Carlos Marques; Irene Martins

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A population dynamics model was developed to assess the short and long-term effects of temperature and salinity variations in the common goby Pomatoschistus microps in a Portuguese estuary (Minho estuary, NW Portugal). The population was divided into juveniles, females and males, which constituted the model's state variables. Linear regressions between the observed and the predicted density of juveniles, females and the total population were significant. Parameter's sensitivity and uncertainty...
Topics: Estuary, Pomatoschistus microps, Population modeling, Portugal, Uncertainty

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Titled Amazon Indigenous Communities Cut Forest Carbon Emissions

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Allen Blackman; Peter Veit

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Indigenous communities (ICs) have emerged as important players in global efforts to reduce forest carbon emissions, in part because they are viewed as conscientious stewards of the forest lands to which they have legal title. Yet ICs tend to be located in remote areas where deforestation would be limited regardless of who manages them. Therefore, to determine whether IC management actually cuts forest carbon emissions, it is important to control for such confounding factors. To that end, we use...
Topics: Ecuador, Forest carbon, Indigenous community, Matching, REDD

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Can elevated CO2 buffer the effects of heat waves on wheat in a dryland cropping system?

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Allene Macabuhay; Alireza Houshmandfar; James Nuttall; Glenn J. Fitzgerald; Michael Tausz; Sabine Tausz-Posch

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Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] drives the rise in global temperatures, with predictions of an increased frequency of heat waves (short periods of high temperatures). Both, CO2 and high temperature, have profound effects on wheat growth and productivity. We tested whether elevated [CO2] (eCO2) has a potential to ameliorate the effects of simulated heat waves (HT) on wheat in a dryland cropping system. Wheat was field-grown at the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment (AGFACE)...
Topics: Carbohydrate metabolism, Climate change, Grain quality, Grain yield, Photosynthesis, Triticum...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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An investigation of farm-scale adaptation options for cotton production in the face of future climate change and water allocation policies in southern Queensland, Australia

Jul 5, 2019 07/19

by Allyson Williams; Shahbaz Mushtaq; Louis Kouadio; Brendan Power; Torben Marcussen; David McRae; Geoff Cockfield

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Modelling cotton production at the farm-scale provides insight into the importance of water management options in adapting to climate change, especially given the renewed focus of government policies on irrigation water access and allocations. Using an irrigated cotton farm in southern Queensland as a case study, we investigated two possible adaptation strategies in response to changes in water resources from projected climate change (CSIRO Mk3.5, A1FI scenario). The modelled farm produced...
Topics: Climate change, Climate change policy, Cotton, Farming systems

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Identifying effects of land use cover changes and climate change on terrestrial ecosystems and carbon stocks in Mexico

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alma Mendoza-Ponce; Rogelio Corona-Núñez; Florian Kraxner; Sylvain Leduc; Piera Patrizio

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Land use cover change (LUCC) has a crucial role in global environmental change, impacting both ecosystem services and biodiversity. Evaluating the trends and possible alternatives of LUCC allows quantification and identification of the hotspots of change. Therefore, this study aims to answer what the most vulnerable ecosystems and the carbon stocks losses to LUCC are under two socioeconomic and climate change (CC) scenarios–Business as Usual (BAU) and Green. The scenarios integrate the...
Topics: Carbon emissions, Deforestation, Drivers of change, Mexico, Scenarios

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Assessing drought vulnerability and adaptation among farmers in Gadaref region, Eastern Sudan

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alnail Mohmmed; Jianhua Li; Joshua Elaru; Mohammed M.A. Elbashier; Saskia Keesstra; Cerdà Artemi; Kabenge Martin; Makomere Reuben; Zeben Teffera

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Agricultural productivity in rural areas is severely affected by climate variability, and this elevates the vulnerability of rural households to food insecurity. This study examines the socio-economic vulnerability of farmers who are susceptible to droughts in the five agricultural-based regions of Gadaref, Eastern Sudan. A survey was carried out in 500 households to collect data on socio-economic and livelihood indicators. The data analyzed from these indicators were used to generate the three...
Topics: Adaptive capacity, Drought, Exposure, Gadaref region, Sudan, Vulnerability

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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A goal programming model for sustainable reverse logistics operations planning and an application

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alperen Bal; Sule Itir Satoglu

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Global concerns about climate change and its environmental consequences, social factors and economic constraints require pursuit of a new approach to the supply chain planning at the strategic, tactical and operational levels. Recovery of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become an important issue in the developing economies, as legislations that mandate manufacturers and importers to take back the wastes of their electrical and electronic products (WEEE) has been promulgated....

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Cap prices or cap revenues? The dilemma of electric utility networks

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alrick Campbell

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In this paper I analyse the behaviour of a monopoly electricity provider that serves three distinct markets under a price cap or revenue cap plan. I make comparisons in terms of their effects on price setting, energy conservation, and social welfare. In addition to contravening the Ramsey pricing rule, I find that under conditions of information asymmetry, when demand becomes more elastic or marginal cost increases, revenue cap price increases are larger relative to price cap regulation. In...
Topics: Electricity, Price cap, Ramsey, Revenue cap, Welfare

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Multi-criteria robust optimization framework for bridge adaptation under climate change

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Alysson Mondoro; Dan M. Frangopol; Liang Liu

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In order to adapt civil infrastructure to changing climate conditions, quantifiable and deep uncertainties must be integrated into the decision-making process. The quantifiable uncertainties, i.e. variability for which a likelihood can be defined, are typically integrated into the management process by considering the reliability or risk level of a structure. The deep uncertainties, i.e. the variability for which a likelihood cannot be defined, are beginning to be integrated in the decision...
Topics: Adaptation, Bridge management, Climate change, Flexibility, Robust optimization

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Community Operational Research and Citizen Science: Two icons in need of each other?

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amanda J. Gregory; Jonathan P. Atkins

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Citizen Science attracts a lot of positive attention and a convenient alignment with it might offer multiple benefits for Community Operational Research. But what would be the basis for such an alignment? Could it offer important reciprocal benefits for Citizen Science? We address our first question by conducting a systematic comparison of Community Operational Research and Citizen Science to reveal points of commonality and difference between the two. Having established the basis for...
Topics: Citizen Science, Community Operational Research, OR in environment and climate change, Problem...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Potential use of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) in Brazil: Food security, processing, health benefits and nutritional products

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amanda M. Dias-Martins; Kênia Letícia F. Pessanha; Sidney Pacheco; José Avelino S. Rodrigues

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Climate change can cause an increase in arid soils, warmer weather, and reduce water availability, which in turn can directly affect food security. This increases food prices and reduces the availability of food. Therefore, knowledge concerning the nutritional and technological potential of non-traditional crops and their resistance to heat and drought is very interesting. Pearl millet is known to produce small nutritious cereal grains, which can endure both heat and dry conditions, and is one...
Topics: Cereals, Flour, Functional foods, Gluten-free, Whole grains

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Global change and the importance of fire for the ecology and evolution of insects

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amanda M. Koltz; Laura A. Burkle; Yamina Pressler; Jane E. Dell; Lora A. Richards; Shannon M. Murphy

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Climate change is drastically altering global fire regimes, which may affect the structure and function of insect communities. Insect responses to fire are strongly tied to fire history, plant responses, and changes in species interactions. Many insects already possess adaptive traits to survive fire or benefit from post-fire resources, which may result in community composition shifting toward habitat and dietary generalists as well as species with high dispersal abilities. However, predicting...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Renewable energy sources policies in a Bayesian DSGE model

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amedeo Argentiero; Carlo Andrea Bollino; Silvia Micheli; Constantin Zopounidis

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Environmental policy measures to reduce greenhouse gases emission to mitigate climate change are common practice in many developed countries, encompassing both technology-push measures and demand-pull measures. The effectiveness of such policies continues to need investigation, especially when shortsighted measures lead to suboptimal investments in the absence of a credible government commitment. The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive strategy for renewable...
Topics: Fossil fuels, Knowledge capital, Monetary subsidy

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Investigating people's preferences for car-free city centers: A discrete choice experiment

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amely Gundlach; Marius Ehrlinspiel; Svenja Kirsch; Alexander Koschker; Julian Sagebiel

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In the face of climate change and growing health hazards due to air pollution in urban centers, private car use is being increasingly criticized. At the same time, research suggests that there is an unsatisfied demand for modes of transportation other than private cars. In fact, many cities all over Europe have already established car-restricted or car-free areas. This paper uses a discrete choice experiment to learn more about people's preferences regarding a car-free city center in Berlin,...
Topics: Berlin, Germany, Mobility, Random parameters logit model, Stated preferences

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Site selection of urban wildlife sanctuaries for safeguarding indigenous biodiversity against increased predator pressures

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amin Rastandeh; Daniel K. Brown; Maibritt Pedersen Zari

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Biodiversity loss in urban landscapes is a global challenge. Climate change is a major driving force behind biodiversity loss worldwide. Using Wellington, New Zealand as a research site, the aim of this research is to show how the most suitable patches of vegetation in urban landscapes can be identified, ranked, and prioritised as potential urban wildlife sanctuaries. This is in order to protect vulnerable indigenous fauna from some of the indirect impacts of climate change such as increased...
Topics: Indigenous fauna, Landscape composition and configuration, Rising temperatures, Urban biodiversity,...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Nanostructured (Bio)sensors for smart agriculture

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amina Antonacci; Fabiana Arduini; Danila Moscone; Giuseppe Palleschi; Viviana Scognamiglio

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Intense farming represents one of the main sources causing detriments to vital resources as lands and water, due to unsustainable agricultural practices and the resulting environmental pollution. Furthermore, the increasing world population and the impact of climate change contribute to worsen these constraints. To these regards, several attempts have been completed to provide pioneering technologies for facing against these challenges, including nanostructured (bio)sensors. Indeed,...
Topics: Nanomaterials, Nanostructured (bio)sensors, Smart agriculture, Soil physico-chemical parameters...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Climate change impact under alternate realizations of climate scenarios on maize yield and biomass in Ghana

Jul 5, 2019 07/19

by Amit Kumar Srivastava; Cho Miltin Mboh; Gang Zhao; Thomas Gaiser; Frank Ewert

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Climate change is unequivocal and these changes have increased over the past few years. The recent vulnerability and prospect of climate variability and change impact, thus, warrants measures now to reduce the adverse impacts. This study presents an estimate of the effects of climate variables on potential maize productivity and an assessment of the most limiting climatic drivers in the future climate scenarios for maize production in central Ghana, constituting major maize production areas....
Topics: Autonomous adaptation, Climate change, Maize, Sub-Saharan Africa

Mendeley Climate Change Library

38 38

A sustainable pavement concrete using warm mix asphalt and hydrated lime treated recycled concrete aggregates

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amjad Albayati; Yu Wang; Yan Wang; Jonathan Haynes

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Recently, increasing material prices coupled with more acute environmental awareness and the implementation of regulation has driven a strong movement toward the adoption of sustainable construction technology. In the pavement industry, using low temperature asphalt mixes and recycled concrete aggregate are viewed as effective engineering solutions to address the challenges posed by climate change and sustainable development. However, to date, no research has investigated these two factors...
Topics: Hydrated lime, Mechanical properties, Recycled concrete aggregates, Sustainable asphalt pavement,...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Leaving level-of-service behind: The implications of a shift to VMT impact metrics

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amy E. Lee; Susan L. Handy

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Concern about climate change has led to policies in California that aim to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation. Although these policies mostly promote technological innovations, some policies aim to reduce GHG emissions by reducing the amount of driving, measured in vehicle miles traveled (VMT), through land use and transportation planning. The focus on VMT reduction represents a dramatic shift for the land use and transportation planning fields, which have traditionally...
Topics: California, Environmental review, Level of service, Performance metrics, Senate Bill 743, Vehicle...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Governing the gaps in water governance and land-use planning in a megacity: The example of hydrological risk in Mexico City

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amy M. Lerner; Bertha Hernández Aguilar

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Megacities are socio-ecological systems (SES) that encompass complex interactions between residents, institutions, and natural resource management. These interactions are exacerbated by climate change as resources such as water become scarce or hazardous through drought and flooding. In order to develop pathways for improved sustainability, the disparate factors that create vulnerable conditions and outcomes must be visible to decision-makers. Nevertheless, for such decision-makers to manage...
Topics: Hydrological risk, Informality, Mexico City, Urban water governance

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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From local to global. Perceptions of environmental change in a 16th century Portuguese village. A micro approach to a macro-scenario

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Amélia Polónia

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Historical perceptions, actions and reactions toward ecosystems are the central focus of this paper which aims also at a reflexion on how an early modern historian, facing evidence from a pre-statistical era, can debate environmental changes in coastal areas and the corresponding human response. The paper, focused on the case study of Vila do Conde (a Northern Portugal small coastal village highly involved in the Portuguese Overseas Expansion in the 16th century), will approach these questions...
Topics: Climate change, Coastal areas, Ecological sustainability, Environmental change, First Global Age...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Life cycle assessment of second generation ethanol derived from banana agricultural waste: Environmental impacts and energy balance

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana Belén Guerrero; Edmundo Muñoz

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Biofuels are considered as an alternative to partially replace fossil fuels and mitigate climate change effects. A life cycle assessment of second generation ethanol, derived from banana agricultural wastes, was developed to assess its environmental sustainability and demonstrate its capacity of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The methodological approach was conducted in a Well-to-Wheel perspective, using as functional unit 1 MJ of energy released in the combustion of bioethanol in a...
Topics: Banana waste, Life cycle assessment, Lignocellulosic biomass, Second generation bioethanol,...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Combined effects of warming and acidification on accumulation and elimination dynamics of paralytic shellfish toxins in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana C. Braga; Carolina Camacho; António Marques; Ana Gago-Martínez; Mário Pacheco; Pedro R. Costa

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Harmful algal blooms (HAB) have been increasing in frequency and intensity most likely due to changes on global conditions, which constitute a significant threat to wild shellfish and its commercial farming. This study evaluated the impact of increasing seawater temperature and acidification on the accumulation/elimination dynamics of HAB-toxins in shellfish. Mytilus galloprovincialis were acclimated to four environmental conditions simulating different climate change scenarios: i) current...
Topics: Saxitoxins, Seafood safety

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Possible impacts of sea level rise on disease transmission and potential adaptation strategies, a review

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana C. Dvorak; Helena M. Solo-Gabriele; Andrea Galletti; Bernardo Benzecry; Hannah Malone; Vicki Boguszewski; Jason Bird

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Sea levels are projected to rise in response to climate change, causing the intrusion of sea water into land. In flat coastal regions, this would generate an increase in shallow water covered areas with limited circulation. This scenario raises a concern about the consequences it could have on human health, specifically the possible impacts on disease transmission. In this review paper we identified three categories of diseases which are associated with water and whose transmission can be...
Topics: Climate change, Community resilience, Disease transmission, Fecal-oral microbes, Mosquitoborne...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Spatio-temporal dynamics of Codium populations along the rocky shores of N and NW Spain

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana G. García; Celia Olabarria; Julio Arrontes; Óscar Álvarez; Rosa M. Viejo

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The green alga Codium fragile ssp. fragile (hereafter C. fragile) has long been assumed to outcompete and displace its native congeners via cryptic invasion. We analysed the population dynamics of the exotic C. fragile and native congeners and their relative abundance on intertidal shores in N-NW Spain. Our results did not support the existence of current competitive displacement by the exotic species. The presence of C. fragile was clearly seasonal, while the native C. tomentosum was more...
Topics: Population dynamics, Recruitment

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Potamodromous brown trout movements in the North of the Iberian Peninsula: Modelling past, present and future based on continuous fishway monitoring

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana García-Vega; Francisco Javier Sanz-Ronda; Leandro Fernandes Celestino; Sergio Makrakis; Pedro M. Leunda

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Brown trout uses river flow and thermal regimens as main stimuli for initiating and maintaining behavioral reactions such as migration and spawning. Therefore, anthropogenic alterations on these factors may have strong impacts on its populations. The aim of this work is to understand these consequences by assessing potamodromous brown trout movements in the past and present, and to model future responses. For this, brown trout movements in a fishway in the Marin River (Bidasoa basin, Northern...
Topics: Climate change, Flow regulation, Potamodromous, Random forest regression, Salmo trutta

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Growth delay by winter precipitation could hinder Juniperus sabina persistence under increasing summer drought

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana I. García-Cervigón; Juan Carlos Linares; Miguel García-Hidalgo; J. Julio Camarero; José M. Olano

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Plants in Mediterranean mountains are particularly vulnerable to climatic change. In these environments, low temperature is combined with water shortage during summer, and as a result, the positive effect of global warming theoretically expanding the growing season length may be counterbalanced by rising drought stress. These circumstances may be exacerbated in the rear edge of species distribution, where warmer conditions occur. Here, we examined the climate-growth relationships of Juniperus...
Topics: Drought, Global warming, Juniper, Mediterranean high mountains, South Iberian Peninsula, Tree-rings

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Assessing the effects of seawater temperature and pH on the bioaccumulation of emerging chemical contaminants in marine bivalves

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana Luísa Maulvault; Carolina Camacho; Vera Barbosa; Ricardo Alves; Patrícia Anacleto; Fabiola Fogaça; Christiaan Kwadijk; Sara C. Cunha; José O. Fernandes; Rie R. Rasmussen; Jens J. Sloth; Òscar Aznar-Alemany; Ethel Eljarrat; Damià Barceló; António Marques

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Emerging chemical contaminants [e.g. toxic metals speciation, flame retardants (FRs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), among others], that have not been historically recognized as pollutants nor their toxicological hazards, are increasingly more present in the marine environment. Furthermore, the effects of environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and pH) on bioaccumulation and elimination mechanisms of these emerging contaminants in marine biota have been poorly studied until now. In this...
Topics: Acidification, Bioaccumulation, Emerging chemical contaminants, Flame retardants, Perfluorinated...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Differential behavioural responses to venlafaxine exposure route, warming and acidification in juvenile fish (Argyrosomus regius)

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana Luísa Maulvault; Vasco Pissarra; Pedro Pousão Ferreira; Ricardo Alves; Fabiola Fogaça; Vera Barbosa; Damià Barceló; Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz; António Marques; Mário Diniz; Rui Rosa

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Antidepressants, such as venlafaxine (VFX), which are considered emerging environmental pollutants, are increasingly more present in the marine environment, and recent evidence suggest that they might have adverse effects on fish behaviour. Furthermore, altered environmental conditions associated to climate change (e.g. warming and acidification) can also have a determinant role on fish behaviour, fitness and survival. Yet, the underlying interactions between these environmental stressors...
Topics: Antidepressants, Fish behaviour, Ocean acidification, Ocean warming, Venlafaxine

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Antidepressants in a changing ocean: Venlafaxine uptake and elimination in juvenile fish (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to warming and acidification conditions

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana Luísa Maulvault; Vera Barbosa; Albert Serra-Compte; Ricardo Alves; Pedro Pousão Ferreira; Damià Barceló; Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz; Rui Rosa; Mário Diniz; António Marques

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The presence of antidepressants, such as venlafaxine (VFX), in marine ecosystems is increasing, thus, potentially posing ecological and human health risks. The inherent mechanisms of VFX uptake and elimination still require further understanding, particularly accounting for the impact of climate change-related stressors, such as warming and acidification. Hence, the present work aimed to investigate, for the first time, the effects of increased seawater temperature (ΔT°C = +5 °C) and pCO 2...
Topics: Antidepressant, Bioaccumulation, Climate change, Emerging contaminants, Fish, Venlafaxine

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Integrated multi-biomarker responses of juvenile seabass to diclofenac, warming and acidification co-exposure

Jul 5, 2019 07/19

by Ana Luísa Maulvault; Vera Barbosa; Ricardo Alves; Patrícia Anacleto; Carolina Camacho; Sara Cunha; José O. Fernandes; Pedro Pousão Ferreira; Rui Rosa; António Marques; Mário Diniz

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Pharmaceutical drugs, such as diclofenac (DCF), are frequently detected in the marine environment, and recent evidence has pointed out their toxicity to non-target marine biota. Concomitantly, altered environmental conditions associated with climate change (e.g. warming and acidification) can also affect the physiology of marine organisms. Yet, the underlying interactions between these environmental stressors (pharmaceutical exposure and climate change-related stressors) still require a deeper...
Topics: Acidification, Diclofenac, Fish, IBR, Multi-biomarkers, Warming

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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To warm on the rocks, to cool in the wind: Thermal relations of a small-sized lizard from a mountain environment

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Ana Sofia Buza Gontijo; Camila Santos Garcia; Alexandre Ferreira Righi; Conrado A.B. Galdino

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Rising temperatures accompanying global climate change are expected to affect mountain lizards. Therefore, basic information on how these ectotherms deal with their thermal environment is important for further management. We conducted a field study to evaluate how body temperature of the small-sized mountain lizard Eurolophosaurus nanuzae relates to the thermal environment. After capture, the body temperature of the lizards was measured immediately, quickly followed by the substrate and air...
Topics: Ectothermy, Eurolophosaurus nanuzae, Thermal biology, Thermal ecology, Tropiduridade

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Bloom-forming cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in Argentina: A growing health and environmental concern

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anabella Aguilera; Signe Haakonsson; María Victoria Martin; Graciela L. Salerno; Ricardo O. Echenique

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Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a water quality issue worldwide whose incidence and severity are predicted to increase due to climate change and eutrophication. Argentina is not an exception to this trend, since those massive proliferations have increased in the last two decades as a consequence of water quality changes due to human activities. This work presents a thorough search and analysis of published literature on the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins in Argentina. We...
Topics: Cylindrospermopsis, Dolichospermum, Harmful algae, Microcystins, Microcystis

Mendeley Climate Change Library

155 155

Women and Climate Stress: Role Reversal from Beneficiaries to Expert Participants

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anamika Dey; Gurdeep Singh; Anil K. Gupta

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Women, especially in the marginalized communities of the high-risk regions prone to flood and drought are considered most vulnerable to climate change risks. They play a very important role in household nutrition management and resource management in terms of labor, off-farm products, and small savings. In the absence of help from formal and informal R and D and technology institutions, their knowledge and resources’ exchange system has to be very robust to cope with the seasonal shortages...
Topics: India, climate adaptation, food availability, gender

Mendeley Climate Change Library

42 42

Indications of future performance of native and non-native adult oysters under acidification and warming

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anaëlle J. Lemasson; Jason M. Hall-Spencer; Stephen Fletcher; Samuel Provstgaard-Morys; Antony M. Knights

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Globally, non-native species (NNS) have been introduced and now often entirely replace native species in captive aquaculture; in part, a result of a perceived greater resilience of NSS to climate change and disease. Here, the effects of ocean acidification and warming on metabolic rate, feeding rate, and somatic growth was assessed using two co-occurring species of oysters – the introduced Pacific oyster Magallana gigas (formerly Crassostrea gigas), and native flat oyster Ostrea edulis....
Topics: Climate change, Crassostrea gigas, Ecosystem change, Living resources, Oyster, Physiology, UK

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Deriving life cycle assessment coefficients for application in integrated assessment modelling

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anders Arvesen; Gunnar Luderer; Michaja Pehl; Benjamin Leon Bodirsky; Edgar G. Hertwich

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The fields of life cycle assessment (LCA) and integrated assessment (IA) modelling today have similar interests in assessing macro-level transformation pathways with a broad view of environmental concerns. Prevailing IA models lack a life cycle perspective, while LCA has traditionally been static- and micro-oriented. We develop a general method for deriving coefficients from detailed, bottom-up LCA suitable for application in IA models, thus allowing IA analysts to explore the life cycle...
Topics: Climate change mitigation, Integrated assessment model (IAM), Life cycle assessment (LCA),...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Long-term straw decomposition in agro-ecosystems described by a unified three-exponentiation equation with thermal time

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andong Cai; Guopeng Liang; Xubo Zhang; Wenju Zhang; Ling Li; Yichao Rui; Minggang Xu; Yiqi Luo

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Understanding drivers of straw decomposition is essential for adopting appropriate management practice to improve soil fertility and promote carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural systems. However, predicting straw decomposition and characteristics is difficult because of the interactions between many factors related to straw properties, soil properties, and climate, especially under future climate change conditions. This study investigated the driving factors of straw decomposition of six...
Topics: Agro-ecosystem, Climate, Soil properties, Straw decomposition, Straw properties

Mendeley Climate Change Library

55 55

System dynamics model of a biotechonomy

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andra Blumberga; Gatis Bazbauers; Pål I. Davidsen; Dagnija Blumberga; Armands Gravelsins; Toms Prodanuks

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The need for substitution of fossil resources with renewable alternatives, for an efficient use of the bio-resources, and for the development of knowledge-intensive sustainable economies call for the design of policies to create and govern biotechonomic systems. The goal of this study is to create a tool to facilitate such policy design, - aimed at the development of biotechonomic systems by use of a system dynamics model. This model constitutes a general framework for the representation of...
Topics: Bio-economy, Bio-resources, Biotechonomy, Climate change, Renewable sources, Sustainability, System...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Techno-environmental assessment of the green biorefinery concept: Combining process simulation and life cycle assessment at an early design stage

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrea Corona; Morten Ambye-Jensen; Giovanna Croxatto Vega; Michael Zwicky Hauschild; Morten Birkved

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The Green biorefinery (GBR) is a biorefinery concept that converts fresh biomass into value-added products. The present study combines a Process Flowsheet Simulation (PFS) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the technical and environmental performance of different GBR configurations and the cascading utilization of the GBR output. The GBR configurations considered in this study, test alternatives in the three main steps of green-biorefining: fractionation, precipitation, and protein...
Topic: Sustainability

Mendeley Climate Change Library

54 54

Selecting design strategies using multi-criteria decision making to improve the sustainability of buildings

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrea Invidiata; Monica Lavagna; Enedir Ghisi

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The building sector is one of the largest consumers of natural resources and energy in the world. Design strategies to improve the energy efficiency can decrease the negative impacts of a building. In order to evaluate and select the most appropriate design strategies for buildings, they should be analysed through a multidisciplinary approach based on sustainable development. The objective of this study is to propose a method that combines adaptive thermal comfort, climate change, life cycle...
Topics: Life cycle cost analysis, Multi-criteria decision making, Sustainable buildings, Thermal comfort

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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What states can do to adapt to climate change in the Baltic Sea

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrea Keessen

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States can play a key role in adaptation to climate change. Given the transboundary nature of the Baltic Sea, its coastal states have much to gain from cooperation to tackle eutrophication and flood risks. Since eight out of nine coastal states are EU Member States, the EU is expected to steer their efforts. Indeed, EU legislation and the EU adaptation strategy, including one specifically for the Baltic Sea Region are in place to activate state actors. They cover crucial aspects for the...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Smart grid electricity system planning and climate disruptions: A review of climate and energy discourse post-Superstorm Sandy

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrea M. Feldpausch-Parker; Tarla Rai Peterson; Jennie C. Stephens; Elizabeth J. Wilson

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Superstorm Sandy hit the northeastern United States in October 2012, knocking out power to 10 million people and highlighting energy and critical infrastructure system vulnerabilities in the face of a changing climate. The increased frequency and intensity of such disruptive events is shifting priorities in electricity system planning around the world, including how multiple stakeholders consider linkages between climate vulnerability and energy. This research links smart grid development with...
Topics: Adaptation, Climate vulnerabilities, Hurricanes, Mitigation, Smart grid, Superstorm

Mendeley Climate Change Library

54 54

Influence of the geographical scope on the research foci of sustainable forest management: Insights from a content analysis

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrea Sutterlüty; Nenad Šimunović; Franziska Hesser; Tobias Stern; Andreas Schober; Kurt Christian Schuster

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Individual approaches to sustainable forest management have to be operationalized according to the regionally specific environmental conditions and stakeholder requirements. Unique regional socio-economic conditions also significantly impact stakeholder requirements of globally acting forest sector companies. Therefore, forest-based sector decision makers have to be aware of regionally-specific and context sensitive sustainability concerns, when assessing and prioritizing sustainability issues....
Topics: CSR, Corporate social responsibility, Forestry, Quantitative content analysis, Sustainable...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Climate change and globalisation as ‘Double Exposure’: Implications for policy development

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrea Thorpe; Frank Figge

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As a central reference point for policy makers, the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) recognises the value of place-based studies. Yet, tenets of generalisation and replicability dominate the organisation, and influence policy development globally. There is a growing concern that these are not conducive to building effective policy interventions that adequately accommodate local needs. This study uses a living with approach to explore how change and development was experienced...
Topics: Climate Change, Climate Change Policy, Globalisation, IPCC, ‘Living With’

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Reoxidation of estuarine sediments during simulated resuspension events: Effects on nutrient and trace metal mobilisation

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrea Vidal-Durà; Ian T. Burke; Douglas I. Stewart; Robert J.G. Mortimer

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Estuarine environments are considered to be nutrient buffer systems as they regulate the delivery of nutrients from rivers to the ocean. In the Humber Estuary (UK) seawater and freshwater mixing during tidal cycles leads to the mobilisation of oxic surface sediments (0–1 cm). However, less frequent seasonal events can also mobilise anoxic subsurface (5–10 cm) sediments, which may have further implications for the estuarine geochemistry. A series of batch experiments were carried out on...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

46 46

Partitioning of ecosystem respiration in a beech forest

Jul 5, 2019 07/19

by Andreas Brændholt; Andreas Ibrom; Klaus Steenberg Larsen; Kim Pilegaard

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Terrestrial ecosystem respiration (R eco ) represents a major component of the global carbon cycle. It consists of many sub-components, such as aboveground plant respiration and belowground root and microbial respiration, each of which may respond differently to abiotic factors, and thus to global climate change. To correctly predict future carbon cycles in forest ecosystems, R eco must therefore be partitioned and understood for each of its various components. In this study we used the eddy...
Topics: Chamber, Ecosystem respiration, Eddy covariance, Flux partitioning, Seasonality

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Price and network dynamics in the European carbon market

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andreas Karpf; Antoine Mandel; Stefano Battiston

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This paper presents an analysis of the European Emission Trading System as a transaction network. It is shown that, given the lack of well-identified trading institutions, industrial actors had to resort to local connections and financial intermediaries to participate in the market. This gave rise to a hierarchical structure in the transaction network. It is then shown that the asymmetries in the network induced market inefficiencies (e.g., increased bid-ask spread) and informational...
Topics: Climate change, Microstructure, Network

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Estimating regional effects of climate change and altered land use on biosphere carbon fluxes using distributed time delay neural networks with Bayesian regularized learning

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andres Schmidt; Whitney Creason; Beverly E. Law

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The ability to accurately predict changes of the carbon and energy balance on a regional scale is of great importance for assessing the effect of land use changes on carbon sequestration under future climate conditions. Here, a suite of land cover-specific Distributed Time Delay Neural Networks with a parameter adoption algorithm optimized through Bayesian regularization was used to model the statewide atmospheric exchange of CO 2 , water vapor, and energy in Oregon with its strong spatial...
Topics: Atmospheric carbon exchange modeling, Bayesian learning, Climate change, Distributed time delay...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Evaluation of two common vulnerability index calculation methods

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrew Cogswell; Blair J.W. Greenan; Philip Greyson

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The potential benefits of using a geometric mean method for computing a vulnerability index are presented using both simulated variables as well as data from a Canadian coastal geodatabase (CanCoast). The assessment of vulnerability of natural and built coastal infrastructure to sea level rise is used to demonstrate the advantages of this method for climate change adaptation planning and decision-making. As with most real world datasets the probability distribution of individual variables in...
Topics: CVI, Coastal vulnerability, Geometric mean, Risk assessment, Vulnerability index

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Chronic groundwater decline: A multi-decadal analysis of groundwater trends under extreme climate cycles

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrew F. Le Brocque; Jarrod Kath; Kathryn Reardon-Smith

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Chronic groundwater decline is a concern in many of the world's major agricultural areas. However, a general lack of accurate long-term in situ measurement of groundwater depth and analysis of trends prevents understanding of the dynamics of these systems at landscape scales. This is particularly worrying in the context of future climate uncertainties. This study examines long‐term groundwater responses to climate variability in a major agricultural production landscape in southern...
Topics: Aquifer recharge/depletion, Climate extremes, Drought, Groundwater decline, Groundwater extraction

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Seabed image acquisition and survey design for cold water coral mound characterisation

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrew J. Wheeler

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Cold-water coral (CWC) habitats are commonly regarded as hotspots of biodiversity in the deep-sea. However, a standardised approach to monitoring the effects of climate change, anthropogenic impact and natural variability through video-surveying on these habitats is poorly-established. This study is the first attempt at standardising a cost-effective video-survey design specific to small CWC mounds in order to accurately determine the proportion of facies across their surface. The Piddington...
Topics: Mounds, Sediments, Video survey design

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Ecosystems-based adaptation: are we being conned? Evidence from Mexico

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrew Newsham; María T. Pulido; Martina Ulrichs; Roberto Muñoz Cruz; Xóchitl Cantellano Ocón; Alexander Shankland; Terry Cannon

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This paper scrutinises claims made about the promise and efficacy of ecosystems-based adaptation (EBA), through an exploration of EBA-relevant interventions in two fieldsites in Mexico. Our data starts to fill important gaps in current global debates about EBA. We find evidence of the important contribution of interventions relevant to EBA objectives at a small scale and under very specific conditions. However, the viability of similar interventions is substantially reduced, and arguably...
Topics: Ecosystems-based adaptation, Mexico, Payments for ecosystems services, Political ecology, Protected...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Estimation of groundwater recharge via percolation outputs from a rainfall/runoff model for the Verlorenvlei estuarine system, west coast, South Africa

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrew Watson; Jodie Miller; Melanie Fleischer; Willem de Clercq

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Wetlands are conservation priorities worldwide, due to their high biodiversity and productivity, but are under threat from agricultural and climate change stresses. To improve the water management practices and resource allocation in these complex systems, a modelling approach has been developed to estimate potential recharge for data poor catchments using rainfall data and basic assumptions regarding soil and aquifer properties. The Verlorenvlei estuarine lake (RAMSAR #525) on the west coast...
Topics: Rainfall/runoff modelling, Recharge, Verlorenvlei

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Russian forests: A new approach to the assessment of carbon stocks and sequestration capacity

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andrey Filipchuk; Boris Moiseev; Nataliya Malysheva; Valentin Strakhov

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The controversy over how to improve the carbon balance assessment for the Russian national forests is discussed. According to the preliminary calculations, three factors are responsible for the underestimation of the carbon sink in Russian forests, up to ≈ 340 ± 75 million tons per year in total: 1. The methodology of assessments. 2. The methodological ambiguity of forest classification, which excludes some areas from managed forests and therefore from assessment, for instance, ≈ 200...
Topics: Carbon balance assessment, Carbon sink, Net Ecosystem Production (NEP), Net annual increment,...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Temporal photoperiod sensitivity and forcing requirements for budburst in temperate tree seedlings

Jul 5, 2019 07/19

by Andrey V. Malyshev; Hugh A.L. Henry; Andreas Bolte; Mohammed A.S. Arfin Khan; Juergen Kreyling

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Phenological responses to winter and spring warming in trees alter growing season length and can influence productivity. An improved mechanistic understanding of phenology, including temporal changes in budburst forcing requirements (BFR) and photoperiod sensitivity, could improve projections of phenological shifts and changes in tree species composition in response to climate warming. We investigated changes in BFR and photoperiod sensitivities at high temporal resolution from mid-winter to...
Topics: Budburst prediction, Chilling sum, Day length, Dormancy depth, Ecotype, Forcing sum, Interspecific...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Hungry and thirsty: Effects of CO2 and limited water availability on plant performance

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Andries A. Temme; Jin Chun Liu; Will K. Cornwell; Rien Aerts; Johannes H.C. Cornelissen

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Carbon dioxide and water are crucial resources for plant growth. With anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions, CO2 availability is and has been increasing since the last glacial maximum. Simultaneously water availability is expected to decrease and the frequency and severity of drought episodes to increase in large parts of the world. How plants respond to these two changes will help in understanding plants’ responses to climate of the future. Here we sought to understand how drought affects...
Topics: Annual C3 herbs, Biomass allocation, Drought, Elevated CO2, Gas exchange, Growth, Plant traits

Mendeley Climate Change Library

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Not So Natural: Unequal Effects of Public Policies on the Occurrence of Disasters

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by André Albuquerque Sant'Anna

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This paper assesses the effects of public policies on the occurrence of natural disasters related to extreme rainfall. By using a unique and geolocated database on natural disasters in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, I test whether variables related to public policies - e.g. forest cover and urban infrastructure - affect the occurrence of natural disasters, conditional on the existence of extreme rainfall. Results point to a significant role for public policies in order to mitigate effects...
Topics: Inequality, Natural disasters, Public policy

Mendeley Climate Change Library

58 58

Plant–Pathogen Warfare under Changing Climate Conditions

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by André C. Velásquez; Christian Danve M. Castroverde; Sheng Yang He

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Global environmental changes caused by natural and human activities have accelerated in the past 200 years. The increase in greenhouse gases is predicted to continue to raise global temperature and change water availability in the 21st century. In this Review, we explore the profound effect the environment has on plant diseases — a susceptible host will not be infected by a virulent pathogen if the environmental conditions are not conducive for disease. The change in CO2 concentrations,...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

49 49

Spatio-temporal variations of surface temperatures of Ahmedabad city and its relationship with vegetation and urbanization parameters as indicators of surface temperatures

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Aneesh Mathew; Sumit Khandelwal; Nivedita Kaul

eye 49

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Land Surface Temperature (LST) has major importance in urban climatology, global climate change, and earth-atmosphere energy transfer. Relationship of vegetation and built-up parameters as indicators of LST has been investigated in the present study. The present study has been carried out to analyze the variations in rising in LST in the urban area than the neighboring rural area for three different seasons’ winter, summer and monsoon of the years from 2009 to 2013 using Moderate Resolution...
Topics: Enhanced vegetation index, Land surface temperature, Normalized difference built-up index, Percent...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

45 45

Sustainable operations modeling and data analytics

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Angappa Gunasekaran; Nachiappan Subramanian

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This editorial introduces the unique attributes of this special issue in the era of climate change, modern slavery, and big data. This special issue envisages the depth of penetration of sustainability, from strategy to the operations level, to understand the extent to which sustainability has attracted researchers and practitioners in dealing with various facets of operations management. Overall, it is encouraging to notice the research developments in all facets of operations management...
Topics: Analytics, Decision model, Sustainable operations

Mendeley Climate Change Library

38 38

Long-term decline of the canopy-forming algae Gelidium corneum, associated to extreme wave events and reduced sunlight hours, in the southeastern Bay of Biscay

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Angel Borja; Guillem Chust; Almudena Fontán; Joxe Mikel Garmendia; María C. Uyarra

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Canopy-forming macroalgae are experiencing large biogeographical shifts due to climate change. One of them (Gelidium corneum) has shown a dramatic decline in biomass in northern Spain, in the past 20 years. We investigate here two most plausible hypotheses to explain its decline: (i) a combination of increasing wave energy and decrease of irradiance in the growth season; and (ii) a combination of increasing light in summer and decreasing nutrient concentration. Using a dataset of biomass and...
Topics: Climate change, Environmental factors, Macroalgae decline, Nutrients, Sunlight, Wave energy

Mendeley Climate Change Library

34 34

Plant and vegetation functional responses to cumulative high nitrogen deposition in rear-edge heathlands

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Angela Taboada; Javier Calvo-Fernández; Elena Marcos; Leonor Calvo

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Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a major driver of change, altering the structure/functioning of nutrient-poor Calluna vulgaris-heathlands over Europe. These effects amply proven for north-western/central heathlands may, however, vary across the ecosystem's distribution, especially at the range limits, as heathlands are highly vulnerable to land-use changes combined with present climate change. This is an often overlooked and greatly understudied aspect of the ecology of...
Topics: Air pollution, Calluna vulgaris heathlands, Cumulative nitrogen effect, Life cycle stage, Nitrogen...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

48 48

Biodiversity-rich European grasslands: Ancient, forgotten ecosystems

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Angelica Feurdean; Eszter Ruprecht; Zsolt Molnár; Simon M. Hutchinson; Thomas Hickler

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Worldwide reforestation has been recommended as a landscape restoration strategy to mitigate climate change in areas where the climate can sustain forest. This approach may threaten grassland ecosystems of unique biodiversity as such policies are based on the false assumption that most grasslands are man-made. Here, we use multiple lines of evidence (palaeoecological, pedological, phylogenetic, palaeontological) from Central Eastern Europe and show that various types of grasslands have...
Topics: Climate change mitigation, Fire, Fossil records, Herbivores

Mendeley Climate Change Library

50 50

Assessing the impact of drought on the emissions- and water-intensity of California's transitioning power sector

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Angineh Zohrabian; Kelly T. Sanders

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This study investigates how technological transitions across California's power sector have shifted its state-level carbon dioxide emissions and cooling water consumption intensities. Its ultimate goal is to evaluate how the state's climate mitigation and environmental policies have affected the power sector's vulnerability to extreme drought and how extreme drought has affected progress towards the state's climate mitigation priorities. The study analyzes the period spanning 2010–2016, which...
Topics: CO2 emissions, Climate change mitigation, Cooling water consumption, Drought resiliency,...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

43 43

Can sponge morphologies act as environmental proxies to biophysical factors in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia?

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anita Mary George; Jon Brodie; James Daniell; Angela Capper; Michelle Jonker

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Sponges play a vital role in the world's most complex and vulnerable marine ecosystems. Various in situ studies have suggested that sponge morphologies (developed from exposure to a range of biophysical factors) can be considered as ecological indicators to current detrimental environmental changes such as climate change, overfishing, pollution and dredging for coastal development. Regional and long-term taxonomic data on sponges within each geographic range is not always available, especially...
Topics: Chlorophyll a, Current, Environmental indicators, GBRMPA, Great Barrier Reef, Marine protected...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

66 66

Fossil leaf traits as archives for the past — and lessons for the future?

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anita Roth-Nebelsick; Wilfried Konrad

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Correlations of leaf traits with environmental conditions are widely used for reconstruction of palaeoclimate and to analyse the evolution of land plants. Evaluation of climate-dependent leaf traits of fossil floras can potentially contribute to our understanding of long-term responses of vegetation to changing climate. In this contribution, basic aspects and methods of palaeoclimate reconstruction by fossil leaf morphology, such as leaf margin analysis and CLAMP, are presented and discussed...
Topic: Stomatal density

Mendeley Climate Change Library

44 44

A scenario process to inform Australian geoengineering policy

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anita Talberg; Sebastian Thomas; John Wiseman

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Geoengineering is a high-stakes policy issue that calls for research and debate that is pluralistic, reflexive and socially accountable. This paper reflects on an Australian geoengineering scenario project as a practical and innovative platform for informing governance. We produce multi-scale scenarios—representing Australia and the world— built on four fundamentally different archetypes, in which three include geoengineering. According to the four scenarios: greenhouse gas emissions...
Topics: Governance, Policy, Scenarios

Mendeley Climate Change Library

48 48

Untargeted metabolic profiling reveals distinct patterns of thermal sensitivity in two related notothenioids

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anja Rebelein; Hans Otto Pörtner; Christian Bock

eye 48

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Antarctic marine ectothermal animals may be affected more than temperate species by rising temperatures due to ongoing climate change. Their specialisation on stable cold temperatures makes them vulnerable to even small degrees of warming. Thus, addressing the impacts of warming on Antarctic organisms and identifying their potentially limited capacities to respond is of interest. The objective of the study was to determine changes in metabolite profiles related to temperature acclimation. In a...
Topics: 1H–NMR spectroscopy, Antarctic fish, HR-MAS, metabolomics, multivariate statistics

Mendeley Climate Change Library

54 54

Barriers to climate change adaptation in the Australian construction industry – Impetus for regulatory reform

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anna C. Hurlimann; Geoffrey R. Browne; Georgia Warren-Myers; Valerie Francis

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It is increasingly recognised that the risks associated with climate change must be addressed through both mitigation and adaptation. Buildings are vulnerable to climate change risk and are also the source of a significant proportion of greenhouse gas emissions which contribute to climate change. The construction industry has significant potential to facilitate adaptation through actions that both reduce its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions across the construction and building...
Topics: Adaptation barriers, Built environment, Climate change, Construction industry, Construction...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

30 30

Sphagnum mosses in a changing UV-B environment: A review

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anna Hyyryläinen; Minna Turunen; Pasi Rautio; Satu Huttunen

eye 30

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Sphagnum mosses are the key regulating component in peatland ecosystems. Although their importance in sustainability of peatlands and overall impact on the Earth's carbon, nutrient and hydrological balance are well recognised, our knowledge of the effects of enhanced ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation on peat mosses is insufficient. Analogous studies of the subject often bear contrasting results, and the following review represents our effort to untangle this apparent confusion. The review...
Topic: UV-B-absorbing compounds

Mendeley Climate Change Library

27 27

A new method for jointly assessing effects of climate change and nitrogen deposition on habitats

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anna Ida Hämmerle; Johannes Wessely; Zvjezdana Stančić; Undrakh-Od Baatar; Franz Essl; Dietmar Moser; Borja Jiménez-Alfaro; Ute Jandt; Emiliano Agrillo; Thomas Dirnböck; Stefan Dullinger

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Climate change and nitrogen (N) deposition are among the most important drivers of biodiversity change at a global scale. Although commonly considered separately in applied research, conservation, and policy development, both empirical evidence and modelling studies indicate that these two stressors may act synergistically and trigger a more pronounced biodiversity loss than each of them alone. Interactive effects thus need to be considered in biodiversity conservation. In this study, we...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

60 60

International organizations, advocacy coalitions, and domestication of global norms: Debates on climate change in Canada, the US, Brazil, and India

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anna Kukkonen; Tuomas Ylä-Anttila; Pradip Swarnakar; Jeffrey Broadbent; Myanna Lahsen; Mark C.J. Stoddart

eye 60

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National climate policies are shaped by international organizations (IOs) and global norms. Drawing from World Society Theory and the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), we develop two related arguments: (1) one way in which IOs can influence national climate policy is through their engagement in mass-mediated national policy debates and (2) national organizations involved in the policy process may form advocacy coalitions to support or oppose the norms promoted by IOs. To examine the role of...
Topics: Advocacy coalition framework, Climate policy, Discourse network analysis, Domestication, Global...

Mendeley Climate Change Library

74 74

Utilization of eucalyptus for electricity production in Brazil via fast pyrolysis: A techno-economic analysis

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anna L.M.T. Pighinelli; Mark A. Schaffer; Akwasi A. Boateng

eye 74

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A process model of a 2000 metric ton per day eucalyptus Tail Gas Reactive Pyrolysis (TGRP) and electricity generation plant was developed and simulated in Pro/II software for the purpose of evaluating its techno-economic viability in Brazil. Two scenarios were compared based on operational conditions in the country: a single biomass to bio-oil TGRP production facility and a distributed/satellite processing that consists of several small TGRP production facilities with aggregate capacity similar...
Topics: Electricity, Eucalyptus benthamii, Pyrolysis oil

Mendeley Climate Change Library

73 73

A pedagogy of interconnectedness for encountering climate change as a wicked sustainability problem

Jul 6, 2019 07/19

by Anna Lehtonen; Arto Salonen; Hannele Cantell; Laura Riuttanen

eye 73

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Climate change is a wicked problem of our time. It is a phenomenon that is difficult to combat with prevailing ways of thinking and behaving related to a modern understanding of humanity and education. In this article, the challenges of sustainability education are explored from the theoretical perspective of modern dichotomies. The article argues that to combat wicked problems of sustainability, awareness of interconnectedness is vital. In order to increase the understanding of what kind of...
Topics: Climate change, Climate change education, Interconnectedness, Modern dichotomies, Sustainability...

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